{"pageNumber":"2464","pageRowStart":"61575","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184657,"records":[{"id":70031149,"text":"70031149 - 2006 - Variability in supply and cross-shelf transport of pink shrimp (<i>Farfantepenaeus duorarum</i>) postlarvae into western Florida Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-30T13:48:43","indexId":"70031149","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1663,"text":"Fishery Bulletin","printIssn":"0090-0656","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability in supply and cross-shelf transport of pink shrimp (<i>Farfantepenaeus duorarum</i>) postlarvae into western Florida Bay","docAbstract":"<p>The variability in the supply of pink shrimp (<i>Farfantepenaeus duorarum</i>) postlarvae and the transport mechanisms of planktonic stages were investigated with field data and simulations of transport. Postlarvae entering the nursery grounds of Florida Bay were collected for three consecutive years at channels that connect the Bay with the Gulf of Mexico, and in channels of the Middle Florida Keys that connect the southeastern margin of the Bay with the Atlantic Ocean. The influx of postlarvae in the Middle Florida Keys was low in magnitude and varied seasonally and among years. In contrast, the greater postlarval influx occurred at the northwestern border of the Bay, where there was a strong seasonal pattern with peaks in influx from July through September each year. Planktonic stages need to travel up to 150 km eastward between spawning grounds (northeast of Dry Tortugas) and nursery grounds (western Florida Bay) in about 30 days, the estimated time of planktonic development for this species. A Lagrangian trajectory model was developed to estimate the drift of planktonic stages across the SW Florida shelf. The model simulated the maximal distance traveled by planktonic stages under various assumptions of behavior. &nbsp;Simulation results indicated that larvae traveling with the instantaneous current and exhibiting a diel behavior travel up to 65 km and 75% of the larvae travel only 30 km. However, the eastward distance traveled increased substantially when a larval response to tides was added to the behavioral variable (distance increased to 200 km and 85% of larvae traveled 150 km). The question is, when during larval development, and where on the shallow SW Florida shelf, does the tidal response become incorporated into the behavior of pink shrimp.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","issn":"00900656","usgsCitation":"Criales, M.M., Wang, J.D., Browder, J.A., Robblee, M.B., Jackson, T.L., and Hittle, C.D., 2006, Variability in supply and cross-shelf transport of pink shrimp (<i>Farfantepenaeus duorarum</i>) postlarvae into western Florida Bay: Fishery Bulletin, v. 104, no. 1, p. 60-74.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":319626,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fishbull.noaa.gov/1041/1041toc.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Dry Tortugas, Florida Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.91455078125,\n              25.94816628853973\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.9200439453125,\n              25.54244147012483\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2166748046875,\n              25.04081549894912\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.8648681640625,\n              24.56211235799689\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5789794921875,\n              24.412140070651528\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.6336669921875,\n              24.382124181118236\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.07861328125,\n              24.45215015618098\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.1060791015625,\n              24.696934226366672\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.5787353515625,\n              24.806681353851964\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.3262939453125,\n              24.926294766395593\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.760498046875,\n              25.224820176765036\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.4364013671875,\n              25.606855993715016\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.343017578125,\n              25.849336891707605\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2056884765625,\n              25.93828707492375\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.04638671875,\n              25.96792222903405\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.91455078125,\n              25.94816628853973\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc12fe4b08c986b32a492","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Criales, Maria M.","contributorId":69330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Criales","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12565,"text":"Rosenstiel School of Atomospheric Science, University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":430260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, John D.","contributorId":75224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Browder, Joan A.","contributorId":7439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browder","given":"Joan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robblee, Michael B. mike_robblee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robblee","given":"Michael","email":"mike_robblee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":430258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jackson, Thomas L.","contributorId":93667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hittle, Clinton D. cdhittle@usgs.gov","contributorId":2436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hittle","given":"Clinton","email":"cdhittle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":430259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70030331,"text":"70030331 - 2006 - Quantitative estimation of minimum offset for multichannel surface-wave survey with actively exciting source","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70030331","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2165,"text":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative estimation of minimum offset for multichannel surface-wave survey with actively exciting source","docAbstract":"Multichannel analysis of surface waves is a developing method widely used in shallow subsurface investigations. The field procedures and related parameters are very important for successful applications. Among these parameters, the source-receiver offset range is seldom discussed in theory and normally determined by empirical or semi-quantitative methods in current practice. This paper discusses the problem from a theoretical perspective. A formula for quantitatively evaluating a layered homogenous elastic model was developed. The analytical results based on simple models and experimental data demonstrate that the formula is correct for surface wave surveys for near-surface applications. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2005.08.002","issn":"09269851","usgsCitation":"Xu, Y., Xia, J., and Miller, R., 2006, Quantitative estimation of minimum offset for multichannel surface-wave survey with actively exciting source: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 59, no. 2, p. 117-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2005.08.002.","startPage":"117","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212092,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2005.08.002"}],"volume":"59","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9216e4b0c8380cd80649","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030286,"text":"70030286 - 2006 - Winter habitat selection of mule deer before and during development of a natural gas field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030286","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter habitat selection of mule deer before and during development of a natural gas field","docAbstract":"Increased levels of natural gas exploration, development, and production across the Intermountain West have created a variety of concerns for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) populations, including direct habitat loss to road and well-pad construction and indirect habitat losses that may occur if deer use declines near roads or well pads. We examined winter habitat selection patterns of adult female mule deer before and during the first 3 years of development in a natural gas field in western Wyoming. We used global positioning system (GPS) locations collected from a sample of adult female mule deer to model relative frequency or probability of use as a function of habitat variables. Model coefficients and predictive maps suggested mule deer were less likely to occupy areas in close proximity to well pads than those farther away. Changes in habitat selection appeared to be immediate (i.e., year 1 of development), and no evidence of well-pad acclimation occurred through the course of the study; rather, mule deer selected areas farther from well pads as development progressed. Lower predicted probabilities of use within 2.7 to 3.7 km of well pads suggested indirect habitat losses may be substantially larger than direct habitat losses. Additionally, some areas classified as high probability of use by mule deer before gas field development changed to areas of low use following development, and others originally classified as low probability of use were used more frequently as the field developed. If areas with high probability of use before development were those preferred by the deer, observed shifts in their distribution as development progressed were toward less-preferred and presumably less-suitable habitats.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[396:WHSOMD]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Sawyer, H., Nielson, R.M., Lindzey, F., and McDonald, L., 2006, Winter habitat selection of mule deer before and during development of a natural gas field: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 2, p. 396-403, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[396:WHSOMD]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"396","endPage":"403","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212001,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[396:WHSOMD]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":239400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd153e4b08c986b32f372","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sawyer, H.","contributorId":59910,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sawyer","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nielson, R. M.","contributorId":22967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nielson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lindzey, F.","contributorId":76113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindzey","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDonald, L.L.","contributorId":19906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030400,"text":"70030400 - 2006 - Large rock avalanches triggered by the M 7.9 Denali Fault, Alaska, earthquake of 3 November 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:12","indexId":"70030400","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large rock avalanches triggered by the M 7.9 Denali Fault, Alaska, earthquake of 3 November 2002","docAbstract":"The moment magnitude (M) 7.9 Denali Fault, Alaska, earthquake of 3 November 2002 triggered thousands of landslides, primarily rock falls and rock slides, that ranged in volume from rock falls of a few cubic meters to rock avalanches having volumes as great as 20 ?? 106 m3. The pattern of landsliding was unusual: the number and concentration of triggered slides was much less than expected for an earthquake of this magnitude, and the landslides were concentrated in a narrow zone about 30-km wide that straddled the fault-rupture zone over its entire 300-km length. Despite the overall sparse landslide concentration, the earthquake triggered several large rock avalanches that clustered along the western third of the rupture zone where acceleration levels and ground-shaking frequencies are thought to have been the highest. Inferences about near-field strong-shaking characteristics drawn from interpretation of the landslide distribution are strikingly consistent with results of recent inversion modeling that indicate that high-frequency energy generation was greatest in the western part of the fault-rupture zone and decreased markedly to the east. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Engineering Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2005.06.029","issn":"00137952","usgsCitation":"Jibson, R., Harp, E.L., Schulz, W., and Keefer, D.K., 2006, Large rock avalanches triggered by the M 7.9 Denali Fault, Alaska, earthquake of 3 November 2002: Engineering Geology, v. 83, no. 1-3, p. 144-160, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2005.06.029.","startPage":"144","endPage":"160","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212095,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2005.06.029"},{"id":239516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4481e4b0c8380cd66b79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jibson, R.W.","contributorId":8467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jibson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harp, E. L.","contributorId":59026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schulz, W.","contributorId":6641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keefer, D. K.","contributorId":21176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030332,"text":"70030332 - 2006 - Spring census of mid-continent sandhill cranes using aerial infrared videography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70030332","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spring census of mid-continent sandhill cranes using aerial infrared videography","docAbstract":"Aerial infrared videography was used to map spatial distributions of nocturnal sandhill crane (Grus canadensis) flocks and determine crane densities within roosts as an alternative to the currently used diurnal photo-corrected ocular transect method to estimate the size of the mid-continental population. The densities determined from samples taken over the course of a night show variability. Densities measured early in the night (2100 to 2300 hrs) were generally lower than those measured in the time period after midnight and up until cranes prepared to depart their roosts before sunrise. This suggests that cranes may be more active early in the night and possibly still settling into their roosts at this time. For this reason, densities and areas measured later at night and into the early morning were used to estimate population size. Our methods estimated that the annual crane populations along the central Platte River in Nebraska were higher than estimates from the ocular transect method; however both methods showed a similar trend with time. Our population size estimates likely were higher because our methodology provided synoptic imagery of crane roosts along the entire study reach when all cranes had returned to the river, and the nocturnal densities were higher than previous estimates using observations from late evening or early morning. In addition to providing a tool for estimating annual population size, infrared videography can be utilized over time to identify spatial changes in the roosting patterns that may occur as a result of riverine management activities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[70:SCOMSC]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Kinzel, P., Nelson, J.M., Parker, R.S., and Davis, L., 2006, Spring census of mid-continent sandhill cranes using aerial infrared videography: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 1, p. 70-77, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[70:SCOMSC]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"70","endPage":"77","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212119,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[70:SCOMSC]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":239545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9617e4b08c986b31b2b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinzel, P.J.","contributorId":27834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinzel","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, J. M.","contributorId":68687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parker, R. S.","contributorId":104510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, L.R.","contributorId":12265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030399,"text":"70030399 - 2006 - Real-time monitoring and massive inversion of source parameters of very long period seismic signals: An application to Stromboli Volcano, Italy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-26T10:16:57","indexId":"70030399","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Real-time monitoring and massive inversion of source parameters of very long period seismic signals: An application to Stromboli Volcano, Italy","docAbstract":"<p><span>We present a comprehensive processing tool for the real‐time analysis of the source mechanism of very long period (VLP) seismic data based on waveform inversions performed in the frequency domain for a point source. A search for the source providing the best‐fitting solution is conducted over a three‐dimensional grid of assumed source locations, in which the Green's functions associated with each point source are calculated by finite differences using the reciprocal relation between source and receiver. Tests performed on 62 nodes of a Linux cluster indicate that the waveform inversion and search for the best‐fitting signal over 100,000 point sources require roughly 30 s of processing time for a 2‐min‐long record. The procedure is applied to post‐processing of a data archive and to continuous automatic inversion of real‐time data at Stromboli, providing insights into different modes of degassing at this volcano.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005GL024703","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Auger, E., D’Auria, L., Martini, M., Chouet, B., and Dawson, P., 2006, Real-time monitoring and massive inversion of source parameters of very long period seismic signals: An application to Stromboli Volcano, Italy: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 33, no. 4, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024703.","productDescription":"5 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486867,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl024703","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","otherGeospatial":"Stromboli volcano","volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a95a7e4b0c8380cd81b5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auger, E.","contributorId":71844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auger","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"D’Auria, L.","contributorId":28821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Auria","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martini, M.","contributorId":24909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martini","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chouet, B.","contributorId":68465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dawson, P. 0000-0003-4065-0588","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-0588","contributorId":49529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70030540,"text":"70030540 - 2006 - The role of environmental gradients in non-native plant invasion into burnt areas of Yosemite National Park, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70030540","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of environmental gradients in non-native plant invasion into burnt areas of Yosemite National Park, California","docAbstract":"Fire is known to facilitate the invasion of many non-native plant species, but how invasion into burnt areas varies along environmental gradients is not well-understood. We used two pre-existing data sets to analyse patterns of invasion by non-native plant species into burnt areas along gradients of topography, soil and vegetation structure in Yosemite National Park, California, USA. A total of 46 non-native species (all herbaceous) were recorded in the two data sets. They occurred in all seven of the major plant formations in the park, but were least common in subalpine and upper montane conifer forests. There was no significant difference in species richness or cover of non-natives between burnt and unburnt areas for either data set, and environmental gradients had a stronger effect on patterns of non-native species distribution, abundance and species composition than burning. Cover and species richness of non-natives had significant positive correlations with slope (steepness) and herbaceous cover, while species richness had significant negative correlations with elevation, the number of years post-burn, and cover of woody vegetation. Non-native species comprised a relatively minor component of the vegetation in both burnt and unburnt areas in Yosemite (percentage species Combining double low line 4%, mean cover < 6.0%), and those species that did occur in burnt areas tended not to persist over time. The results indicate that in many western montane ecosystems, fire alone will not necessarily result in increased rates of invasion into burnt areas. However, it would be premature to conclude that non-native species could not affect post-fire succession patterns in these systems. Short fire-return intervals and high fire severity coupled with increased propagule pressure from areas used heavily by humans could still lead to high rates of invasion, establishment and spread even in highly protected areas such as Yosemite. ?? 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diversity and Distributions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00203.x","issn":"13669516","usgsCitation":"Klinger, R., Underwood, E., and Moore, P., 2006, The role of environmental gradients in non-native plant invasion into burnt areas of Yosemite National Park, California: Diversity and Distributions, v. 12, no. 2, p. 139-156, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00203.x.","startPage":"139","endPage":"156","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477415,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8ph7j24w","text":"External Repository"},{"id":212073,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00203.x"},{"id":239490,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf6ae4b08c986b324794","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klinger, R.","contributorId":78493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klinger","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Underwood, E.C.","contributorId":47134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Underwood","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, P.E.","contributorId":57395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030532,"text":"70030532 - 2006 - Holocene history of drift ice in the northern North Atlantic: Evidence for different spatial and temporal modes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030532","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3002,"text":"Paleoceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene history of drift ice in the northern North Atlantic: Evidence for different spatial and temporal modes","docAbstract":"We present new high-resolution proxy data for the Holocene history of drift ice off Iceland based on the mineralogy of the <2-mm sediment fraction using quantitative X-ray diffraction. These new data, bolstered by a comparison with published proxy records, point to a long-term increasing trend in drift ice input into the North Atlantic from 6 to 5 ka toward the present day at sites influenced by the cold east Greenland Current. This feature reflects the late Holocene Neoglacial or cooling period recorded in ice cores and further terrestrial archives on Greenland. In contrast, a decrease in drift ice during the same period is recorded at sites underlying the North Atlantic Drift, which may reflect a warming of this region. The results document that Holocene changes in iceberg rafting and sea ice advection did not occur uniformly across the North Atlantic. Centennial-scale climate variability in the North Atlantic region over the last ???4 kyr is linked to the observed changes in drift ice input. Increased drift ice may have played a role in the increase of cold intervals during the late Holocene, e.g., the Little Ice Age cooling. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleoceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005PA001214","issn":"08838305","usgsCitation":"Moros, M., Andrews, J.T., Eberl, D.D., and Jansen, E., 2006, Holocene history of drift ice in the northern North Atlantic: Evidence for different spatial and temporal modes: Paleoceanography, v. 21, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005PA001214.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211959,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005PA001214"},{"id":239349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31e8e4b0c8380cd5e334","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moros, M.","contributorId":49597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moros","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, John T.","contributorId":79678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jansen, E.","contributorId":45514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jansen","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030530,"text":"70030530 - 2006 - Bullfrog tadpole (Rana catesbeiana) and red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) predation on early life stages of endangered razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030530","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bullfrog tadpole (Rana catesbeiana) and red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) predation on early life stages of endangered razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus)","docAbstract":"Bullfrog tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana) and red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) are widespread introduced taxa that are problematic throughout the western United States. Their impact on native amphibians and crustaceans is well documented, but less is known regarding their influence on native fishes. Predator-prey tank tests showed both species consumed eggs and larvae of the endangered razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) in a laboratory setting. Tadpoles consumed 2.2 razorback sucker eggs/d and 1.4 razorback sucker larvae/d, while crayfish ate 6.0 eggs/d and 3.5 larvae/d. Relatively high densities of bullfrog tadpoles and crayfish in razorback sucker spawning areas suggest that these nonnative taxa might pose a threat to the recruitment success of this and other imperiled native fish.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[258:BTRCAR]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00384909","usgsCitation":"Mueller, G., Carpenter, J., and Thornbrugh, D., 2006, Bullfrog tadpole (Rana catesbeiana) and red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) predation on early life stages of endangered razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus): Southwestern Naturalist, v. 51, no. 2, p. 258-261, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[258:BTRCAR]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"258","endPage":"261","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477451,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[258:btrcar]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211957,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[258:BTRCAR]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":239347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2b1e4b0c8380cd4b2e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, G.A.","contributorId":9205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, J.","contributorId":102017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thornbrugh, D.","contributorId":95685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornbrugh","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030636,"text":"70030636 - 2006 - Characterization and identification of Na-Cl sources in ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030636","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization and identification of Na-Cl sources in ground water","docAbstract":"Elevated concentrations of sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl -) in surface and ground water are common in the United States and other countries, and can serve as indicators of, or may constitute, a water quality problem. We have characterized the most prevalent natural and anthropogenic sources of Na+ and Cl- in ground water, primarily in Illinois, and explored techniques that could be used to identify their source. We considered seven potential sources that included agricultural chemicals, septic effluent, animal waste, municipal landfill leachate, sea water, basin brines, and road deicers. The halides Cl-, bromide (Br-), and iodide (I-) were useful indicators of the sources of Na+-Cl- contamination. Iodide enrichment (relative to Cl-) was greatest in precipitation, followed by uncontaminated soil water and ground water, and landfill leachate. The mass ratios of the halides among themselves, with total nitrogen (N), and with Na+ provided diagnostic methods for graphically distinguishing among sources of Na+ and Cl- in contaminated water. Cl/Br ratios relative to Cl- revealed a clear, although overlapping, separation of sample groups. Samples of landfill leachate and ground water known to be contaminated by leachate were enriched in I- and Br-; this provided an excellent fingerprint for identifying leachate contamination. In addition, total N, when plotted against Cl/Br ratios, successfully separated water contaminated by road salt from water contaminated by other sources. Copyright ?? 2005 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00127.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Panno, S., Hackley, K.C., Hwang, H., Greenberg, S., Krapac, I., Landsberger, S., and O’Kelly, D.J., 2006, Characterization and identification of Na-Cl sources in ground water: Ground Water, v. 44, no. 2, p. 176-187, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00127.x.","startPage":"176","endPage":"187","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211990,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00127.x"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4aee4b0c8380cd4be61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Panno, S.V.","contributorId":102990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panno","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hackley, Keith C.","contributorId":12166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hwang, H.-H.","contributorId":6981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hwang","given":"H.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greenberg, S.E.","contributorId":56441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenberg","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krapac, I.G.","contributorId":33850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapac","given":"I.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Landsberger, S.","contributorId":105900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landsberger","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"O’Kelly, D. J.","contributorId":81686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Kelly","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70030333,"text":"70030333 - 2006 - Ammonium transport and reaction in contaminated groundwater: Application of isotope tracers and isotope fractionation studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T08:18:56","indexId":"70030333","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ammonium transport and reaction in contaminated groundwater: Application of isotope tracers and isotope fractionation studies","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ammonium (NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span>) is a major constituent of many contaminated groundwaters, but its movement through aquifers is complex and poorly documented. In this study, processes affecting NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>movement in a treated wastewater plume were studied by a combination of techniques including large‐scale monitoring of NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>distribution; isotopic analyses of coexisting aqueous NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span>, NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>, N</span><sub>2</sub><span>, and sorbed NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span>; and in situ natural gradient<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>15</sup><span>NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span>tracer tests with numerical simulations of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>15</sup><span>NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span>,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>15</sup><span>NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>, and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>15</sup><span>N</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>breakthrough data. Combined results indicate that the main mass of NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>was moving downgradient at a rate about 0.25 times the groundwater velocity. Retardation factors and groundwater ages indicate that much of the NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>in the plume was recharged early in the history of the wastewater disposal. NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and excess N</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>gas, which were related to each other by denitrification near the plume source, were moving downgradient more rapidly and were largely unrelated to coexisting NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span>. The δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N data indicate areas of the plume affected by nitrification (substantial isotope fractionation) and sorption (no isotope fractionation). There was no conclusive evidence for NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span>‐consuming reactions (nitrification or anammox) in the anoxic core of the plume. Nitrification occurred along the upper boundary of the plume but was limited by a low rate of transverse dispersive mixing of wastewater NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and O</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>from overlying uncontaminated groundwater. Without induced vertical mixing or displacement of plume water with oxic groundwater from upgradient sources, the main mass of NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>could reach a discharge area without substantial reaction long after the more mobile wastewater constituents are gone. Multiple approaches including in situ isotopic tracers and fractionation studies provided critical information about processes affecting NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>movement and N speciation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004349","usgsCitation":"Böhlke, J., Smith, R.L., and Miller, D.N., 2006, Ammonium transport and reaction in contaminated groundwater: Application of isotope tracers and isotope fractionation studies: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 5, W05411; 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004349.","productDescription":"W05411; 19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477593,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005wr004349","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9c0e4b0c8380cd48425","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Richard L. 0000-0002-3829-0125 rlsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3829-0125","contributorId":1592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"rlsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":426731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Daniel N.","contributorId":140401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030285,"text":"70030285 - 2006 - Subtropical Arctic Ocean temperatures during the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030285","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subtropical Arctic Ocean temperatures during the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum","docAbstract":"The Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum, ???55 million years ago, was a brief period of widespread, extreme climatic warming, that was associated with massive atmospheric greenhouse gas input. Although aspects of the resulting environmental changes are well documented at low latitudes, no data were available to quantify simultaneous changes in the Arctic region. Here we identify the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum in a marine sedimentary sequence obtained during the Arctic Coring Expedition. We show that sea surface temperatures near the North Pole increased from ???18??C to over 23??C during this event. Such warm values imply the absence of ice and thus exclude the influence of ice-albedo feedbacks on this Arctic warming. At the same time, sea level rose while anoxic and euxinic conditions developed in the ocean's bottom waters and photic zone, respectively. Increasing temperature and sea level match expectations based on palaeoclimate model simulations, but the absolute polar temperatures that we derive before, during and after the event are more than 10??C warmer than those model-predicted. This suggests that higher-than-modern greenhouse gas concentrations must have operated in conjunction with other feedback mechanisms-perhaps polar stratospheric clouds or hurricane-induced ocean mixing-to amplify early Palaeogene polar temperatures. ?? 2006 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/nature04668","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Sluijs, A., Schouten, S., Pagani, M., Woltering, M., Brinkhuis, H., Damste, J., Dickens, G., Huber, M., Reichart, G., Stein, R., Matthiessen, J., Lourens, L., Pedentchouk, N., Backman, J., Moran, K., Clemens, S., Cronin, T., Eynaud, F., Gattacceca, J., Jakobsson, M., Jordan, R., Kaminski, M., King, J., Koc, N., Martinez, N., McInroy, D., Moore, T., O’Regan, M., Onodera, J., Palike, H., Rea, B., Rio, D., Sakamoto, T., Smith, D.C., St John, K., Suto, I., Suzuki, N., Takahashi, K., Watanabe, M.E., and Yamamoto, M., 2006, Subtropical Arctic Ocean temperatures during the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum: Nature, v. 441, no. 7093, p. 610-613, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04668.","startPage":"610","endPage":"613","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477380,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04668","text":"External Repository"},{"id":211973,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04668"},{"id":239367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"441","issue":"7093","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d9de4b08c986b31d953","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sluijs, A.","contributorId":42035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sluijs","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schouten, S.","contributorId":7064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schouten","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pagani, M.","contributorId":27185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pagani","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woltering, M.","contributorId":17043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woltering","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brinkhuis, H.","contributorId":89719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brinkhuis","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Damste, J.S.S.","contributorId":47117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Damste","given":"J.S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dickens, G.R.","contributorId":88101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickens","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Huber, M.","contributorId":79703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huber","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Reichart, G.-J.","contributorId":103081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichart","given":"G.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Stein, R.","contributorId":18507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Matthiessen, J.","contributorId":37531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matthiessen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Lourens, L.J.","contributorId":43980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lourens","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Pedentchouk, N.","contributorId":26429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pedentchouk","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Backman, J.","contributorId":49596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Backman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Moran, K.","contributorId":96479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Clemens, S.","contributorId":104285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clemens","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Cronin, T.","contributorId":88061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Eynaud, F.","contributorId":42425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eynaud","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Gattacceca, J.","contributorId":20545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gattacceca","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Jakobsson, M.","contributorId":86970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakobsson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Jordan, R.","contributorId":62742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Kaminski, M.","contributorId":19365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaminski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"King, J.","contributorId":100143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Koc, N.","contributorId":39190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koc","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Martinez, N.C.","contributorId":108316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"N.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"McInroy, D.","contributorId":45897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McInroy","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Moore, T.C. Jr.","contributorId":83692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"T.C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"O’Regan, M.","contributorId":38361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Regan","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Onodera, J.","contributorId":31572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Onodera","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Palike, H.","contributorId":64021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palike","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Rea, B.","contributorId":94496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rea","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Rio, D.","contributorId":47092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rio","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Sakamoto, T.","contributorId":31573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sakamoto","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Smith, D. C. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":31057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34},{"text":"St John, K.E.K.","contributorId":9065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"St John","given":"K.E.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":35},{"text":"Suto, I.","contributorId":12263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suto","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":36},{"text":"Suzuki, N.","contributorId":49179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suzuki","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":37},{"text":"Takahashi, K.","contributorId":10998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takahashi","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":38},{"text":"Watanabe, M. E.","contributorId":82264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watanabe","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":39},{"text":"Yamamoto, M.","contributorId":60854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yamamoto","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":40}]}}
,{"id":70030638,"text":"70030638 - 2006 - Radiolaria and pollen records from 0 to 50 ka at ODP Site 1233: Continental and marine climate records from the Southeast Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030638","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiolaria and pollen records from 0 to 50 ka at ODP Site 1233: Continental and marine climate records from the Southeast Pacific","docAbstract":"Site 1233 drilled during Leg 202 of the Ocean Drilling Program provides a detailed record of marine and continental climate change in the Southeast Pacific and South American continent. Splits from over 500 samples taken at 20 cm intervals for quantitative analysis of radiolarian and pollen populations yield a temporal resolution of 200-400 years. In each sample, 39 pollen taxa and 40 radiolarian species and genera were evaluated. Age control is provided by 25 AMS 14C dates [Lamy, F., Kaiser, J., Ninnemann, U., Hebbeln, D., Arz, H.W., Stoner, J., 2004. Science 304, 1959-1962]. Multivariate statistical analyses of these data allow us to conclude the following: (1) During the past 50 ka, the region of the central Chile coast is not directly influenced by polar water from the Antarctic region. (2) Changes in ocean conditions off central Chile during this time interval primarily reflect north-south shifts in the position of the South Pacific transition zone. (3) Changes in Chilean vegetation reflect comparable latitudinal shifts in precipitation and the position of the southern westerlies. (4) The first canonical variate of radiolarian and pollen records extracted from Site 1233 are remarkably similar to each other as well as to temperature records from the Antarctic, which suggests that marine and continental climate variability in the region is tightly coupled at periods longer than 3000 years. (5) The phase coupling of these climate records, which lead variations of continental erosion based on iron abundance at the same site, are consistent with a hypothesis that erosion is linked to relatively long (i.e, few thousand years) response times of the Patagonian ice sheet, and thus is not a direct indicator of regional climate. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.06.009","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Pisias, N.G., Heusser, L., Heusser, C., Hostetler, S.W., Mix, A., and Weber, M., 2006, Radiolaria and pollen records from 0 to 50 ka at ODP Site 1233: Continental and marine climate records from the Southeast Pacific: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 25, no. 5-6, p. 455-473, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.06.009.","startPage":"455","endPage":"473","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212022,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.06.009"},{"id":239425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a93ffe4b0c8380cd81141","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pisias, N. G.","contributorId":93640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pisias","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heusser, L.","contributorId":106888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heusser","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heusser, C.","contributorId":107495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heusser","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hostetler, S. W. 0000-0003-2272-8302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":42911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mix, A.C.","contributorId":31139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mix","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weber, M.","contributorId":93231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70030640,"text":"70030640 - 2006 - D/H ratios and hydrogen exchangeability of type-II kerogens with increasing thermal maturity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030640","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"D/H ratios and hydrogen exchangeability of type-II kerogens with increasing thermal maturity","docAbstract":"Stable isotope ratios of non-exchangeable hydrogen (??Dn) and of carbon were measured in type-II kerogens from two suites of Late Devonian to Early Mississippian black shale, one from the New Albany Shale (Illinois Basin) and the other from the Exshaw Formation (Alberta Basin). The largely marine-derived organic matter had similar original stable isotope ratios, but today the suites of kerogens express gradients in thermal maturity that have altered their chemical and isotopic compositions. In both suites, ??D n values increase with maturation up to a vitrinite reflectance of Ro 1.5%, then level out. Increasing ??Dn values suggest isotopic exchange of organic hydrogen with water-derived deuterium and/or preferential loss of 1H-enriched chemical moieties from kerogen during maturation. The resulting changes in ??Dn values are altering the original hydrogen isotopic paleoenvironmental signal in kerogen, albeit in a systematic fashion. The specific D/H response of each kerogen suite through maturation correlates with H/C elemental ratio and can therefore be corrected to yield paleoenvironmentally relevant information for a calibrated system. With increasing thermal maturity, the abundance of hydrogen in the kerogen that is isotopically exchangeable with water hydrogen (expressed as Hex, in % of total hydrogen) first decreases to reach a minimum at Ro ??? 0.8-1.1%, followed by a substantial increase at higher thermal maturity. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.10.006","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Lis, G., Schimmelmann, A., and Mastalerz, M., 2006, D/H ratios and hydrogen exchangeability of type-II kerogens with increasing thermal maturity: Organic Geochemistry, v. 37, no. 3, p. 342-353, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.10.006.","startPage":"342","endPage":"353","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212052,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.10.006"},{"id":239461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd2fe4b0c8380cd4e6ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lis, G.P.","contributorId":94851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lis","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schimmelmann, A.","contributorId":28348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schimmelmann","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030643,"text":"70030643 - 2006 - Last glacial maximum and Holocene lake levels of Owens Lake, eastern California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70030643","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Last glacial maximum and Holocene lake levels of Owens Lake, eastern California, USA","docAbstract":"Stratigraphic investigations of fluvio-deltaic and lacustrine sediments exposed in stream cuts, quarry walls, and deep trenches east of the Sierra Nevada in Owens Valley near Lone Pine, California have enabled the reconstruction of pluvial Owens Lake level oscillations. Age control for these sediments is from 22 radiocarbon (14C) dates and the identification and stratigraphic correlation of a tephra, which when plotted as a function of age versus altitude, define numerous oscillations in the level of pluvial Owens Lake during the latest Pleistocene and early Holocene. We have constructed a lake-level altitude curve for the time interval ???27,000 cal yr BP to present that is based on the integration of this new stratigraphic analysis with published surface stratigraphic data and subsurface core data. Pluvial Owens Lake regressed from its latest Pleistocene highstands from ???27,000 to ???15,300 cal yr BP, as recorded by ???15 m of down cutting of the sill from the altitudes of ???1160 to 1145 m. By ???11,600 cal yr BP, the lake had dropped ???45 m from the 1145 m sill. This lowstand was followed by an early Holocene transgression that attained a highstand near 1135 m before dropping to 1120 m at 7860-7650 cal yr BP that had not been recognized in earlier studies. The lake then lowered another ???30 m to shallow and near desiccation levels between ???6850 and 4300 cal yr BP. Fluvial cut-and-fill relations north of Lone Pine and well-preserved shoreline features at ???1108 m indicate a minor lake-level rise after 4300 cal yr BP, followed by alkaline and shallow conditions during the latest Holocene. The new latest Quaternary lake-level record of pluvial Owens Lake offers insight to the hydrologic balance along the east side of the southern Sierra Nevada and will assist regional paleoclimatic models for the western Basin and Range. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.10.014","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Bacon, S., Burke, R.M., Pezzopane, S., and Jayko, A.S., 2006, Last glacial maximum and Holocene lake levels of Owens Lake, eastern California, USA: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 25, no. 11-12, p. 1264-1282, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.10.014.","startPage":"1264","endPage":"1282","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212078,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.10.014"},{"id":239496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44bae4b0c8380cd66d22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, S.N.","contributorId":41636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"S.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burke, R. M.","contributorId":37793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pezzopane, S.K.","contributorId":21575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pezzopane","given":"S.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jayko, A. S. 0000-0002-7378-0330","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-0330","contributorId":18011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jayko","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030335,"text":"70030335 - 2006 - Tectonic stressing in California modeled from GPS observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70030335","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic stressing in California modeled from GPS observations","docAbstract":"What happens in the crust as a result of geodetically observed secular motions? In this paper we find out by distorting a finite element model of California using GPS-derived displacements. A complex model was constructed using spatially varying crustal thickness, geothermal gradient, topography, and creeping faults. GPS velocity observations were interpolated and extrapolated across the model and boundary condition areas, and the model was loaded according to 5-year displacements. Results map highest differential stressing rates in a 200-km-wide band along the Pacific-North American plate boundary, coinciding with regions of greatest seismic energy release. Away from the plate boundary, GPS-derived crustal strain reduces modeled differential stress in some places, suggesting that some crustal motions are related to topographic collapse. Calculated stressing rates can be resolved onto fault planes: useful for addressing fault interactions and necessary for calculating earthquake advances or delays. As an example, I examine seismic quiescence on the Garlock fault despite a calculated minimum 0.1-0.4 MPa static stress increase from the 1857 M???7.8 Fort Tejon earthquake. Results from finite element modeling show very low to negative secular Coulomb stress growth on the Garlock fault, suggesting that the stress state may have been too low for large earthquake triggering. Thus the Garlock fault may only be stressed by San Andreas fault slip, a loading pattern that could explain its erratic rupture history.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005JB003946","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T., 2006, Tectonic stressing in California modeled from GPS observations: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 111, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003946.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486863,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jb003946","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212146,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003946"},{"id":239583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba47fe4b08c986b3203a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70031009,"text":"70031009 - 2006 - Upland disturbance affects headwater stream nutrients and suspended sediments during baseflow and stormflow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70031009","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upland disturbance affects headwater stream nutrients and suspended sediments during baseflow and stormflow","docAbstract":"Because catchment characteristics determine sediment and nutrient inputs to streams, upland disturbance can affect stream chemistry. Catchments at the Fort Benning Military Installation (near Columbus, Georgia) experience a range of upland disturbance intensities due to spatial variability in the intensity of military training. We used this disturbance gradient to investigate the effects of upland soil and vegetation disturbance on stream chemistry. During baseflow, mean total suspended sediment (TSS) concentration and mean inorganic suspended sediment (ISS) concentration increased with catchment disturbance intensity (TSS: R2 = 0.7, p = 0.005, range = 4.0-10.1 mg L-1; ISS: R2 = 0.71, p = 0.004, range = 2.04-7.3 mg L-1); dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration (R2 = 0.79, p = 0.001, range = 1.5-4.1 mg L-1) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentration (R2 = 0.75, p = 0.008, range = 1.9-6.2 ??g L-1) decreased with increasing disturbance intensity; and ammonia (NH 4+), nitrate (NO3-), and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations were unrelated to disturbance intensity. The increase in TSS and ISS during storms was positively correlated with disturbance (R2 = 0.78 and 0.78, p = 0.01 and 0.01, respectively); mean maximum change in SRP during storms increased with disturbance (r = 0.7, p = 0.04); and mean maximum change in NO3- during storms was marginally correlated with disturbance (r = 0.58, p = 0.06). Soil characteristics were significant predictors of baseflow DOC, SRP, and Ca 2+, but were not correlated with suspended sediment fractions, any nitrogen species, or pH. Despite the largely intact riparian zones of these headwater streams, upland soil and vegetation disturbances had clear effects on stream chemistry during baseflow and stormflow conditions. ?? ASA, CSSA, SSSA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2005.0102","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Houser, J., Mulholland, P.J., and Maloney, K., 2006, Upland disturbance affects headwater stream nutrients and suspended sediments during baseflow and stormflow: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 35, no. 1, p. 352-365, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0102.","startPage":"352","endPage":"365","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477454,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.555.7478","text":"External Repository"},{"id":211509,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0102"},{"id":238808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd21e4b08c986b328ede","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houser, J.N.","contributorId":91603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houser","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mulholland, P. J.","contributorId":89081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulholland","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maloney, K.O. 0000-0003-2304-0745","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2304-0745","contributorId":105414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maloney","given":"K.O.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":429620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031008,"text":"70031008 - 2006 - Effects of predation, flooding, and contamination on reproductive success of California Clapper Rails (<i>Rallus longirostris obsoletus</i>) in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T13:12:50","indexId":"70031008","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of predation, flooding, and contamination on reproductive success of California Clapper Rails (<i>Rallus longirostris obsoletus</i>) in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<p><span>We assessed the reproductive success of the California Clapper Rail (</span><i>Rallus longirostris obsoletus</i><span>), an endangered subspecies restricted to San Francisco Bay, and the relative importance of predation, flooding, and contaminants as factors affecting that success. Our study was conducted in six tidal marshes in the northern and southern reaches of San Francisco Bay. This assessment, conducted in four breeding seasons (1991, 1992, 1998, 1999), determined that productivity of California Clapper Rails was much reduced over the natural potential. Only 69% of clapper rail eggs whose viability could be assessed were viable. Hatchability of eggs in North Bay and South Bay marshes was 65% and 70%, respectively. Only 45% of the nests successfully hatched at least one egg. Despite mean clutch sizes of 6.7 and 6.9 in the North and South bays, respectively, clapper rails produced only 1.9 and 2.5 young per nesting attempt. Flooding was a minor factor, reducing the number of eggs available to hatch by only 2.3%. Predation on eggs was a major factor affecting nest success, reducing productivity by a third. Failed eggs were examined for abnormal development and contaminant concentrations. Contamination appeared to adversely influence California Clapper Rail reproductive success, as evidenced by deformities; embryo hemorrhaging; embryo malpositions; a depressed rate of hatchability; excess concentrations of mercury, barium, and chromium over known avian embryotoxic thresholds; and a correlation of deformities with elevated concentrations of some trace elements in eggs that failed to hatch. Mercury was the only significant contaminant common to all marshes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[0045:EOPFAC]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Schwarzbach, S., Albertson, J., and Thomas, C., 2006, Effects of predation, flooding, and contamination on reproductive success of California Clapper Rails (<i>Rallus longirostris obsoletus</i>) in San Francisco Bay: The Auk, v. 123, no. 1, p. 45-60, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[0045:EOPFAC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"60","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477386,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[0045:eopfac]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238807,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a078ae4b0c8380cd51749","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwarzbach, S.E.","contributorId":32467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarzbach","given":"S.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Albertson, J.D.","contributorId":24168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albertson","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, C.M.","contributorId":81289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031007,"text":"70031007 - 2006 - Scaling uncertainties in estimating canopy foliar maintenance respiration for black spruce ecosystems in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70031007","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2764,"text":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scaling uncertainties in estimating canopy foliar maintenance respiration for black spruce ecosystems in Alaska","docAbstract":"A major challenge confronting the scientific community is to understand both patterns of and controls over spatial and temporal variability of carbon exchange between boreal forest ecosystems and the atmosphere. An understanding of the sources of variability of carbon processes at fine scales and how these contribute to uncertainties in estimating carbon fluxes is relevant to representing these processes at coarse scales. To explore some of the challenges and uncertainties in estimating carbon fluxes at fine to coarse scales, we conducted a modeling analysis of canopy foliar maintenance respiration for black spruce ecosystems of Alaska by scaling empirical hourly models of foliar maintenance respiration (Rm) to estimate canopy foliar Rm for individual stands. We used variation in foliar N concentration among stands to develop hourly stand-specific models and then developed an hourly pooled model. An uncertainty analysis identified that the most important parameter affecting estimates of canopy foliar Rm was one that describes R m at 0??C per g N, which explained more than 55% of variance in annual estimates of canopy foliar Rm. The comparison of simulated annual canopy foliar Rm identified significant differences between stand-specific and pooled models for each stand. This result indicates that control over foliar N concentration should be considered in models that estimate canopy foliar Rm of black spruce stands across the landscape. In this study, we also temporally scaled the hourly stand-level models to estimate canopy foliar Rm of black spruce stands using mean monthly temperature data. Comparisons of monthly Rm between the hourly and monthly versions of the models indicated that there was very little difference between the estimates of hourly and monthly models, suggesting that hourly models can be aggregated to use monthly input data with little loss of precision. We conclude that uncertainties in the use of a coarse-scale model for estimating canopy foliar Rm at regional scales depend on uncertainties in representing needle-level respiration and on uncertainties in representing the spatial variability of canopy foliar N across a region. The development of spatial data sets of canopy foliar N represents a major challenge in estimating canopy foliar maintenance respiration at regional scales. ?? Springer 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11027-006-1015-5","issn":"13812386","usgsCitation":"Zhang, X., McGuire, A., and Ruess, R.W., 2006, Scaling uncertainties in estimating canopy foliar maintenance respiration for black spruce ecosystems in Alaska: Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, v. 11, no. 1, p. 147-174, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-006-1015-5.","startPage":"147","endPage":"174","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211480,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11027-006-1015-5"},{"id":238775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b871ce4b08c986b316302","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, X.","contributorId":30193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruess, Roger W.","contributorId":45483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruess","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70029003,"text":"70029003 - 2006 - Origin and significance of clay-coated fractures in mudrock fragments of the SAFOD borehole (Parkfield, California)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70029003","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin and significance of clay-coated fractures in mudrock fragments of the SAFOD borehole (Parkfield, California)","docAbstract":"The clay mineralogy and texture of rock fragments from the SAFOD borehole at 3067 m and 3436 m measured depth (MD) was investigated by electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) and X-ray-diffraction (XRD). The washed and ultrasonically cleaned samples show slickenfiber striations and thin films of Ca-K bearing smectite that are formed on polished fault surfaces, along freshly opened fractures and within adjacent mineralized veins. The cation composition and hydration behavior of these films differ from the Namontmorillonite of the fresh bentonite drilling mud, although there is more similarity with circulated mud recovered from 3479 m MD. We propose that these thin film smectite precipitates formed by natural nucleation and crystal growth during fault creep, probably associated with the shallow circulation of low temperature aqueous fluids along this shallow portion of the San Andreas Fault. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006GL026505","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Schleicher, A., van der Pluijm, B., Solum, J., and Warr, L., 2006, Origin and significance of clay-coated fractures in mudrock fragments of the SAFOD borehole (Parkfield, California): Geophysical Research Letters, v. 33, no. 16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026505.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477502,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl026505","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209966,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026505"},{"id":236736,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70bbe4b0c8380cd761e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schleicher, A.M.","contributorId":73395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schleicher","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van der Pluijm, B.A.","contributorId":56844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van der Pluijm","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Solum, J.G.","contributorId":79280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solum","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Warr, L.N.","contributorId":12676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warr","given":"L.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031005,"text":"70031005 - 2006 - Association of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with live algae and total lipids in rivers - A field-based approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70031005","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Association of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with live algae and total lipids in rivers - A field-based approach","docAbstract":"The association of PCBs and live algal cells in rivers was studied at four locations during four seasons in two Wisconsin rivers. Positive relations between particle-associated PCBs and both chlorophyll-a and algal carbon concentrations indicated that live algal cells were a significant sorption phase for dissolved PCBs. Large Pennate diatoms (Navicula, Synedra, Pinnularia, Diatoma, and Cocconeis), or more rarely, Euglenoids (Trachelomonas sp.), dominated most sample assemblages on an algal carbon basis. These assemblages made up the highest percentage of total SOC during spring (average=50%) and lowest during summer (average=15%). At the three impounded sites, most individual PCB congeners were relatively enriched in samples characterized by: (1) high concentrations of algal carbon (as a percent of SOC), (2) algal assemblages dominated (or co-dominated) by Euglenoids, and (3) high concentrations of total lipids. Despite relatively higher masses of sorbed PCBs in the most lipid-rich samples, there was no robust correlation between total lipid content and particle-associated PCBs when aggregating all samples from the study. A possible explanation is that PCBs are associated with other structural components in live algae and (or) departure from chemical equilibrium in the river due to algal growth kinetics. A kinetic uptake model was used to calculate the mass of PCBs associated with the total organic carbon content of live algae. Based on this model, PCBs were enriched in algal cells during bloom seasons (spring and fall) compared to non-bloom seasons (summer and winter). Further, although individual PCB congener partition coefficients (log) to live algal cells (range=5.3-6.4) overlapped to those for detritus (range=3.6-7.4), PCBs tended to be enriched in detrital carbon pools during non-bloom conditions. The larger range of estimated PCB partition coefficients for detritus likely reflects the more heterogeneous nature of this material compared to live algal cells.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.11.025","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Fitzgerald, S., and Steuer, J.J., 2006, Association of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with live algae and total lipids in rivers - A field-based approach: Science of the Total Environment, v. 354, no. 1, p. 60-74, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.11.025.","startPage":"60","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211450,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.11.025"},{"id":238741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"354","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee91e4b0c8380cd49e22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzgerald, S.A.","contributorId":94348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steuer, J. J.","contributorId":12430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steuer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031004,"text":"70031004 - 2006 - Effects of heavy metals on the litter consumption by the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus in field soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70031004","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3024,"text":"Pedobiologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of heavy metals on the litter consumption by the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus in field soils","docAbstract":"Aim of this study was to determine effects of heavy metals on litter consumption by the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus in National Park the \"Brabantsche Biesbosch\", the Netherlands. Adult L. rubellus were collected from 12 polluted and from one unpolluted field site. Earthworms collected at the unpolluted site were kept in their native soil and in soil from each of the 12 Biesbosch sites. Earthworms collected in the Biesbosch were kept in their native soils. Non-polluted poplar (Populus sp.) litter was offered as a food source and litter consumption and earthworm biomass were determined after 54 days. Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations were determined in soil, pore water and 0.01 M CaCl2 extracts of the soil and in earthworms. In spite of low available metal concentrations in the polluted soils, Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations in L. rubellus were increased. The litter consumption rate per biomass was positively related to internal Cd and Zn concentrations of earthworms collected from the Biesbosch and kept in native soil. A possible explanation is an increased demand for energy, needed for the regulation and detoxification of heavy metals. Litter consumption per biomass of earthworms from the reference site and kept in the polluted Biesbosch soils, was not related to any of the determined soil characteristics and metal concentrations. ?? 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pedobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.pedobi.2005.10.004","issn":"00314056","usgsCitation":"Hobbelen, P., Koolhaas, J., and van Gestel, C., 2006, Effects of heavy metals on the litter consumption by the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus in field soils: Pedobiologia, v. 50, no. 1, p. 51-60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2005.10.004.","startPage":"51","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":502645,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/effects-of-heavy-metals-on-the-litter-consumption-by-the-earthwor","text":"External Repository"},{"id":211449,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2005.10.004"},{"id":238740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a070ee4b0c8380cd51535","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hobbelen, P.H.F.","contributorId":94493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobbelen","given":"P.H.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koolhaas, J.E.","contributorId":56439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koolhaas","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"van Gestel, C.A.M.","contributorId":60013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Gestel","given":"C.A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031003,"text":"70031003 - 2006 - Interactions among two strains of Tubifex tubifex (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae) and Myxobolus cerebralis (Myxozoa)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T16:03:40","indexId":"70031003","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions among two strains of Tubifex tubifex (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae) and Myxobolus cerebralis (Myxozoa)","docAbstract":"<p>Host-parasite interactions influence host population growth, host evolution and parasite success. We examined the interactions among Myxobolus cerebralis, the parasite that causes salmonid whirling disease, and resistant and susceptible strains of the oligochaete host Tubifex tubifex. Strains of T. tubifex with diverse genotypes often coexist in nature and have variable susceptibilities to M. cerebralis infection. Further, parasite proliferation differs by several orders of magnitude among T. tubifex strains. We examined total biomass produced by individual T. tubifex, including progeny production and adult growth, parasite proliferation and prevalence of infection using 2 strains of T. tubifex at 2 myxospore doses in a response-surface experimental design. Total biomass production per individual oligochaete and progeny biomass produced by an individual adult oligochaete were density-dependent for both resistant and susceptible individuals and the effects did not change with the addition of myxospores. However, both resistant and susceptible adults had highest growth when exposed to M. cerebralis. The presence of resistant oligochaetes in mixed cultures did not reduce the infection prevalence or parasite proliferation in susceptible individuals. In natural aquatic communities, resistant strains of T. tubifex may not reduce the effects of M. cerebralis on the salmonid host, particularly if sufficient numbers of susceptible T. tubifex are present. ?? Inter-Research 2006.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao068131","issn":"01775103","usgsCitation":"Steinbach, E.L., Kerans, B., Rasmussen, C., and Winton, J., 2006, Interactions among two strains of Tubifex tubifex (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae) and Myxobolus cerebralis (Myxozoa): Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 68, no. 2, p. 131-139, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao068131.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"139","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487683,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao068131","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238708,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265909,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.int-res.com/articles/dao2005/68/d068p131.pdf"}],"volume":"68","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cbde4b0c8380cd62fcf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steinbach, Elwell L.C.","contributorId":100607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinbach","given":"Elwell","email":"","middleInitial":"L.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kerans, B.L.","contributorId":93610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerans","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rasmussen, C.","contributorId":66392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031002,"text":"70031002 - 2006 - Presence and distribution of wastewater-derived pharmaceuticals in soil irrigated with reclaimed water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:23:41","indexId":"70031002","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Presence and distribution of wastewater-derived pharmaceuticals in soil irrigated with reclaimed water","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Three sites in the Front Range of Colorado, USA, were monitored from May through September 2003 to assess the presence and distribution of pharmaceuticals in soil irrigated with reclaimed water derived from urban wastewater. Soil cores were collected monthly, and 19 pharmaceuticals, all of which were detected during the present study, were measured in 5‐cm increments of the 30‐cm cores. Samples of reclaimed water were analyzed three times during the study to assess the input of pharmaceuticals. Samples collected before the onset of irrigation in 2003 contained numerous pharmaceuticals, likely resulting from the previous year's irrigation. Several of the selected pharmaceuticals increased in total soil concentration at one or more of the sites. The four most commonly detected pharmaceuticals were erythromycin, carbamazepine, fluoxetine, and diphenhydramine. Typical concentrations of the individual pharmaceuticals observed were low (0.02–15 μg/kg dry soil). The existence of subsurface maximum concentrations and detectable concentrations at the lowest sampled soil depth might indicate interactions of soil components with pharmaceuticals during leaching through the vadose zone. Nevertheless, the present study demonstrates that reclaimed‐water irrigation results in soil pharmaceutical concentrations that vary through the irrigation season and that some compounds persist for months after irrigation.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","doi":"10.1897/05-187R.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Kinney, C., Furlong, E., Werner, S., and Cahill, J., 2006, Presence and distribution of wastewater-derived pharmaceuticals in soil irrigated with reclaimed water: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 25, no. 2, p. 317-326, https://doi.org/10.1897/05-187R.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"326","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":211422,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/05-187R.1"},{"id":238707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b3be4b0c8380cd7e1c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinney, C.A.","contributorId":90516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinney","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Furlong, E. T. 0000-0002-7305-4603","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":98346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"E. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Werner, S.L.","contributorId":82734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cahill, J.D.","contributorId":77342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahill","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030336,"text":"70030336 - 2006 - Distribution of stress drop, stiffness, and fracture energy over earthquake rupture zones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:03","indexId":"70030336","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of stress drop, stiffness, and fracture energy over earthquake rupture zones","docAbstract":"Using information provided by slip models and the methodology of McGarr and Fletcher (2002), we map static stress drop, stiffness (k = ????/u, where ???? is static stress drop and u is slip), and fracture energy over the slip surface to investigate the earthquake rupture process and energy budget. For the 1994 M6.7 Northridge, 1992 M7.3 Landers, and 1995 M6.9 Kobe earthquakes, the distributions of static stress drop show strong heterogeneity, emphasizing the importance of asperities in the rupture process. Average values of static stress drop are 17, 11, and 4 Mpa for Northridge, Landers, and Kobe, respectively. These values are substantially higher than estimates based on simple crack models, suggesting that the failure process involves the rupture of asperities within the larger fault zone. Stress drop as a function of depth for the Northridge and Landers earthquakes suggests that stress drops are limited by crustal strength. For these two earthquakes, regions of high slip are surrounded by high values of stiffness. Particularly for the Northridge earthquake, the prominent patch of high slip in the central part of the fault is bordered by a ring of high stiffness and is consistent with expectations based on the failure of an asperity loaded at its edge due to exterior slip. Stiffness within an asperity is inversely related to its dimensions. Estimates of fracture energy, based on static stress drop, slip, and rupture speed, were used to investigate the nature of slip weakening at four locations near the hypocenter of the Kobe earthquake for comparison with independent results based on a dynamic model of this earthquake. One subfault updip and to the NE of the hypocenter has a fracture energy of 1.1 MJ/m2 and a slip-weakening distance, Dc, of 0.66 m. Right triangles, whose base and height are Dc and the dynamic stress drop, respectively, approximately overlie the slip-dependent stress given by Ide and Takeo (1997) for the same locations near the hypocenter. The total fracture energy for the Kobe earthquake, 3.7 ?? 1014 J, is about the same as the seismic energy (Ea = 3.2 ?? 1014 J.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2004JB003396","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Fletcher, J.B., and McGarr, A., 2006, Distribution of stress drop, stiffness, and fracture energy over earthquake rupture zones: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 111, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003396.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477433,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jb003396","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211715,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003396"},{"id":239059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0303e4b0c8380cd502d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fletcher, Joe B.","contributorId":8850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGarr, Art 0000-0001-9769-4093","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":43491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Art","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}