{"pageNumber":"2465","pageRowStart":"61600","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185134,"records":[{"id":1008640,"text":"1008640 - 2006 - Habitat-based adaptive management at Mount Haggin Wildlife Management Area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-15T09:03:36","indexId":"1008640","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":693,"text":"Alces","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat-based adaptive management at Mount Haggin Wildlife Management Area","docAbstract":"<p><span>The 22,743-hectare Mount Haggin Wildlife Management Area was purchased in 1976, in part for moose (Alces alces) winter range. Observed moose populations climbed from a low of 7 in 1976 to a high of 56 in 2000. A 4-step management program was initiated in 2000 consisting of definition of management objective, monitoring to determine if the objective was attained, developing a management strategy, and implementing the strategy. The management objective for browse was defined to be: browsing will not preventyoung plants from attaining their potential stature, their growth being primarily limited by local environmental conditions. Asurvey of Geyer willow (Salix geyeriana) in critical moose habitat indicated that browse plants were 100% intensely browsed, suggesting that browsing could prevent willowheightgrowth. Beginning in 2000, willow trend was monitored annually at 4 sites using an index based on the height of the tallest live stem and the height of the tallest, dead intensely browsed stem (LD Index). Low LD Index values indicated that browsing did prevent height growth. In 2000 moose harvest quotas were increased by 40%; in 2002 harvest quotas were increased an additional 7%. From 2000 to 2002, willow growth increased at all 4 locations. From 2002 to 2004, growth indicators changed relatively little at Sullivan Creek, Deep Creek, and French Creek; at these sites willow condition in 2004 had improved compared to willow condition in 2000. From 2002 to 2004, growth indicators declined markedly at American Creek; in 2004, growth indicators at American Creek were lower compared to measurements made in 2000. The improvement of willow condition at 3 sites was likely due to a combination of reduced moose numbers (due to an increase in harvest) and increased dispersal (due to low snow-cover conditions). Over the study period, the sporting public complained of reduced moose sightability; harvest quotas were lowered substantially in 2003.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"Alces","language":"English","publisher":"Lakehead University","usgsCitation":"Keigley, R., and Fager, C., 2006, Habitat-based adaptive management at Mount Haggin Wildlife Management Area: Alces, v. 42, p. 49-54.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132022,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312282,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://flash.lakeheadu.ca/~arodgers/Alces/vol42_2006.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -150.194091796875,\n              62.41581641980274\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.194091796875,\n              64.90491004905083\n            ],\n            [\n              -144.77783203125,\n              64.90491004905083\n            ],\n            [\n              -144.77783203125,\n              62.41581641980274\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.194091796875,\n              62.41581641980274\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"42","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648576","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keigley, R.B.","contributorId":85115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keigley","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fager, C.W.","contributorId":30950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fager","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028453,"text":"70028453 - 2006 - Upstream migration of two pre-spawning shortnose sturgeon passed upstream of Pinopolis Dam, Cooper River, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70028453","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3444,"text":"Southeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upstream migration of two pre-spawning shortnose sturgeon passed upstream of Pinopolis Dam, Cooper River, South Carolina","docAbstract":"Two shortnose sturgeon were artificially passed above the Pinopolis Lock and Dam into the Santee-Cooper Lakes in order to simulate the use of a fish-passage mechanism. Movement patterns and spawning behavior were studied to determine the potential success of future shortnose sturgeon migrations if and when a fish-migration bypass structure is installed. In addition to movement patterns, water temperature was monitored in areas that shortnose sturgeons utilized. Shortnose sturgeon migrated through a large static system to a known shortnose sturgeon spawning area more than 160 km upstream where water temperatures were consistent with known shortnose sturgeon spawning temperatures. No specific movement patterns in the reservoir system were recorded during downstream migrations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1656/1528-7092(2006)5[369:UMOTPS]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15287092","usgsCitation":"Finney, S., Isely, J.J., and Cooke, D., 2006, Upstream migration of two pre-spawning shortnose sturgeon passed upstream of Pinopolis Dam, Cooper River, South Carolina: Southeastern Naturalist, v. 5, no. 2, p. 369-375, https://doi.org/10.1656/1528-7092(2006)5[369:UMOTPS]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"369","endPage":"375","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210437,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1656/1528-7092(2006)5[369:UMOTPS]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":237352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd70e4b08c986b329018","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finney, S.T.","contributorId":66907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finney","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Isely, J. Jeffery","contributorId":97224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isely","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeffery","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooke, D.W.","contributorId":78133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooke","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015126,"text":"1015126 - 2006 - Application of random effects to the study of resource selection by animals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-01T16:31:51","indexId":"1015126","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of random effects to the study of resource selection by animals","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"bullet\">1</span>. Resource selection estimated by logistic regression is used increasingly in studies to identify critical resources for animal populations and to predict species occurrence.</p><p><span class=\"bullet\">2. </span>Most frequently, individual animals are monitored and pooled to estimate population-level effects without regard to group or individual-level variation. Pooling assumes that both observations and their errors are independent, and resource selection is constant given individual variation in resource availability.</p><p><span class=\"bullet\">3. </span>Although researchers have identified ways to minimize autocorrelation, variation between individuals caused by differences in selection or available resources, including functional responses in resource selection, have not been well addressed.</p><p><span class=\"bullet\">4. </span>Here we review random-effects models and their application to resource selection modelling to overcome these common limitations. We present a simple case study of an analysis of resource selection by grizzly bears in the foothills of the Canadian Rocky Mountains with and without random effects.</p><p><span class=\"bullet\">5. </span>Both categorical and continuous variables in the grizzly bear model differed in interpretation, both in statistical significance and coefficient sign, depending on how a random effect was included. We used a simulation approach to clarify the application of random effects under three common situations for telemetry studies: (a) discrepancies in sample sizes among individuals; (b) differences among individuals in selection where availability is constant; and (c) differences in availability with and without a functional response in resource selection.<br></p><p><span class=\"bullet\">6. </span>We found that random intercepts accounted for unbalanced sample designs, and models with random intercepts and coefficients improved model fit given the variation in selection among individuals and functional responses in selection. Our empirical example and simulations demonstrate how including random effects in resource selection models can aid interpretation and address difficult assumptions limiting their generality. This approach will allow researchers to appropriately estimate marginal (population) and conditional (individual) responses, and account for complex grouping, unbalanced sample designs and autocorrelation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01106.x","usgsCitation":"Gillies, C., Hebblewhite, M., Nielsen, S., Krawchuk, M., Aldridge, C.L., Frair, J., Saher, D., Stevens, C., and Jerde, C., 2006, Application of random effects to the study of resource selection by animals: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 75, no. 4, p. 887-898, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01106.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"887","endPage":"898","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477560,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01106.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":130119,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a8a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gillies, C.S.","contributorId":94255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillies","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hebblewhite, M.","contributorId":58979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hebblewhite","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nielsen, S.E.","contributorId":21114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krawchuk, M.A.","contributorId":75875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krawchuk","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941 aldridgec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":191773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron","email":"aldridgec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":322253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Frair, J.L.","contributorId":8047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frair","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Saher, D.J.","contributorId":54933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saher","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stevens, C.E.","contributorId":57407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jerde, C.L.","contributorId":52114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jerde","given":"C.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":1015124,"text":"1015124 - 2006 - Evaluating dominance as a component of non-native species invasions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-01T15:11:29","indexId":"1015124","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating dominance as a component of non-native species invasions","docAbstract":"<p>Many studies have quantified plant invasions by determining patterns of non-native species establishment (i.e. richness and absolute cover). Until recently, dominance has been largely overlooked as a significant component of invasion. Therefore, we re-examined a 6-year data set of 323 0.1&nbsp;ha plots within 18 vegetation types collected in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument from 1998 to 2003, including dominance (i.e. relative cover) in our analyses. We specifically focused on the non-native species <i>Bromus tectorum</i>, a notable dominant annual grass in this system. We found that non-native species establishment and dominance are both occurring in species-rich, mesic vegetation types. Therefore, non-native species dominance may result despite many equally abundant native species rather than a dominant few, and competitive exclusion does not seem to be a primary control on either non-native species establishment or dominance in this study. Unlike patterns observed for non-native species establishment, relative non-native species cover could not be predicted by native species richness across vegetation types (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.001; <i>P</i>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.45). However, non-native species richness was found to be positively correlated with relative non-native species cover and relative <i>B. tectorum</i> cover (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.46, <i>P</i>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.01; <i>R</i><sup>2</sup>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.17, <i>P</i>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.01). Analyses within vegetation types revealed predominantly positive relationships among these variables for the correlations that were significant. Regression tree analyses across vegetation types that included additional biotic and abiotic variables were a little better at predicting non-native species dominance (PRE&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.49) and <i>B. tectorum</i> dominance (PRE&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.39) than at predicting establishment. Land managers will need to set priorities for control efforts on the more productive, species-rich vegetation types that appear to be susceptible to both components of invasion.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00228.x","usgsCitation":"Crall, A., Newman, G., Stohlgren, T., Jarnevich, C., Evangelista, P., and Guenther, D., 2006, Evaluating dominance as a component of non-native species invasions: Diversity and Distributions, v. 12, no. 2, p. 195-204, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00228.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"204","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477558,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00228.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":130094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb1a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crall, A.W.","contributorId":75873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crall","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newman, G.J.","contributorId":80611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jarnevich, C. S.","contributorId":54932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"C. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evangelista, P.","contributorId":21903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evangelista","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Guenther, D.","contributorId":21902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guenther","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1008255,"text":"1008255 - 2006 - The allometric relationship between resting metabolic rate and body mass in wild waterfowl (Anatidae) and an application to estimation of winter habitat requirements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:25","indexId":"1008255","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The allometric relationship between resting metabolic rate and body mass in wild waterfowl (Anatidae) and an application to estimation of winter habitat requirements","docAbstract":"Breeding densities and migration periods of Common Snipe in Colorado were investigated in 1974-75. Sites studied were near Fort Collins and in North Park, both in north central Colorado; in the Yampa Valley in northwestern Colorado; and in the San Luis Valley in south central Colorado....Estimated densities of breeding snipe based on censuses conducted during May 1974 and 1975 were, by region: 1.3-1.7 snipe/ha near Fort Collins; 0.6 snipe/ha in North Park; 0.5-0.7 snipe/ha in the Yampa Valley; and 0.5 snipe/ha in the San Luis Valley. Overall mean densities were 06 and 0.7 snipe/ha in 1974 and 1975 respectively. On individual study sites, densities of snipe ranged from 0.2 to 2.1 snipe/ha. Areas with shallow, stable, discontinuous water levels, sparse, short vegetation, and soft organic soils had the highest densities.....Twenty-eight nests were located having a mean clutch size of 3.9 eggs. Estimated onset of incubation ranged from 2 May through 4 July. Most nests were initiated in May.....Spring migration extended from late March through early May. Highest densities of snipe were recorded in all regions during l&23 April. Fall migration was underway by early September and was completed by mid-October with highest densities occurring about the third week in September. High numbers of snipe noted in early August may have been early migrants or locally produced juveniles concentrating on favorable feeding areas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.R., and Eadie, J.M., 2006, The allometric relationship between resting metabolic rate and body mass in wild waterfowl (Anatidae) and an application to estimation of winter habitat requirements: Condor, v. 108, p. 166-177.","productDescription":"p. 166-177","startPage":"166","endPage":"177","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d6d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, M. R.","contributorId":19104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eadie, J. McA","contributorId":92206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eadie","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"McA","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015121,"text":"1015121 - 2006 - Hindcasting nitrogen deposition to determine an ecological critical load","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T17:56:38","indexId":"1015121","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hindcasting nitrogen deposition to determine an ecological critical load","docAbstract":"<p>Using an estimated background nitrogen (N) deposition value of 0.5 kg N·ha<sup>−1</sup>·yr<sup>−1</sup> in 1900, and a 19-year record of measured values from Loch Vale (Colorado, USA; NADP site CO98), I reconstructed an N-deposition history using exponential equations that correlated well with EPA-reported NO<i><sub>x</sub></i> emissions from Colorado and from the sum of emissions of 11 western states. The mean wet N-deposition values for the period 1950–1964 was ~1.5 kg N·ha<sup>−1</sup>·yr<sup>−1</sup>, corresponding to the reported time of alteration of diatom assemblages attributed to N deposition in alpine lakes in Rocky Mountain National Park (USA). This value becomes the critical load defining the threshold for ecological change from eutrophication. Thus if an N-deposition threshold for ecological change can be identified, and the date at which that threshold was crossed is known, hindcasting can derive the amount of atmospheric deposition at the time of change, at least for alpine lakes. Independent support for the technique and the deposition amount comes from experimental studies, ecosystem modeling, and paleolimnological records from northern Wyoming (USA).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0433:HNDTDA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Baron, J., 2006, Hindcasting nitrogen deposition to determine an ecological critical load: Ecological Applications, v. 16, no. 2, p. 433-439, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0433:HNDTDA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"433","endPage":"439","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62efb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70189292,"text":"70189292 - 2006 - Polar bear research in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T10:59:05","indexId":"70189292","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5410,"text":"Occasional Papers of the IUCN Species Survival Comission (SSC)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"seriesNumber":"32","title":"Polar bear research in Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Since the 13<sup>th</sup> Working Meeting of the Polar Bear Specialist Group the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has seen the completion of many research projects and the start of many new ones. Much has been accomplished and yet we have new challenges awaiting us. This report summarises our focal questions and progress in those areas.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Polar bears: Proceedings of the 14th Working meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group (Occational Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Comission no. 32)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"14th Working Meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group","conferenceDate":"June 20-24, 2005","conferenceLocation":"Seattle, WA","language":"English","publisher":"IUCN","publisherLocation":"Gland, Switzerland","isbn":"978-2-8317-0959-8","usgsCitation":"Durner, G.M., Amstrup, S.C., York, G.S., Regehr, E.V., Simac, K.S., Smith, T.S., Partridge, S.T., Bentzen, T., Amstrup, K.S., and Douglas, D., 2006, Polar bear research in Alaska, <i>in</i> Polar bears: Proceedings of the 14th Working meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group (Occational Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Comission no. 32), Seattle, WA, June 20-24, 2005, p. 77-100.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"100","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343493,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":343492,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9005"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59634091e4b0d1f9f059d808","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Aars, Jon","contributorId":91338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aars","given":"Jon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7238,"text":"Norwegian Polar Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703977,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lunn, Nicholas J.","contributorId":78421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunn","given":"Nicholas J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703978,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2},{"text":"Derocher, Andrew E.","contributorId":96189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Derocher","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12980,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703979,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":3}],"editors":[{"text":"Aars, Jon","contributorId":91338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aars","given":"Jon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7238,"text":"Norwegian Polar Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703974,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lunn, Nicholas J.","contributorId":78421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunn","given":"Nicholas J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703975,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Derocher, Andrew E.","contributorId":96189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Derocher","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12980,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703976,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"York, Geoff S.","contributorId":83842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"York","given":"Geoff","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Regehr, Eric V. 0000-0003-4487-3105","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-3105","contributorId":66364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Regehr","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":12428,"text":"U. 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Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Simac, Kristin S. 0000-0002-4072-1940 ksimac@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4072-1940","contributorId":131096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simac","given":"Kristin","email":"ksimac@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, Tom S.","contributorId":179380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Tom","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":703985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Partridge, Steven T.","contributorId":56014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Partridge","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":703986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bentzen, Torsten","contributorId":107400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bentzen","given":"Torsten","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24816,"text":"Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":33407,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Amstrup, Kristin S.","contributorId":415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Kristin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":703988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70028411,"text":"70028411 - 2006 - Ball clay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-16T10:50:50","indexId":"70028411","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ball clay","docAbstract":"In 2005, four companies including H.C. Spinks Clay, Kentucky-Tennessee Clay, Old Hickory Clay and Unimin mined ball clay in four states. Based on a preliminary survey of the ball clay industry, production reached 1.32 Mt valued at $53.3 million. Tennessee was the leading ball clay producer state with 61% of domestic production, followed by Texas, Mississippi and Kentucky.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00265187","usgsCitation":"Virta, R., 2006, Ball clay: Mining Engineering, v. 58, no. 6, p. 19-20.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"20","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efaee4b0c8380cd4a3ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Virta, R.L.","contributorId":39357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Virta","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1008266,"text":"1008266 - 2006 - A structural equation model analysis of postfire plant diversity in California shrublands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-24T12:36:47","indexId":"1008266","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A structural equation model analysis of postfire plant diversity in California shrublands","docAbstract":"<p><span>This study investigates patterns of plant diversity following wildfires in fire‐prone shrublands of California, seeks to understand those patterns in terms of both local and landscape factors, and considers the implications for fire management. Ninety study sites were established following extensive wildfires in 1993, and 1000‐m</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;plots were used to sample a variety of parameters. Data on community responses were collected for five years following fire. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to relate plant species richness to plant abundance, fire severity, abiotic conditions, within‐plot heterogeneity, stand age, and position in the landscape. Temporal dynamics of average richness response was also modeled. Richness was highest in the first year following fire, indicating postfire enhancement of diversity. A general decline in richness over time was detected, with year‐to‐year variation attributable to annual variations in precipitation. Peak richness in the landscape was found where (1) plant abundance was moderately high, (2) within‐plot heterogeneity was high, (3) soils were moderately low in nitrogen, high in sand content, and with high rock cover, (4) fire severity was low, and (5) stands were young prior to fire. Many of these characteristics were correlated with position in the landscape and associated conditions. We infer from the SEM results that postfire richness in this system is strongly influenced by local conditions and that these conditions are, in turn, predictably related to landscape‐level conditions. For example, we observed that older stands of shrubs were characterized by more severe fires, which were associated with a low recovery of plant cover and low richness. These results may have implications for the use of prescribed fire in this system if these findings extrapolate to prescribed burns as we would expect.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0503:ASEMAO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Grace, J., and Keeley, J., 2006, A structural equation model analysis of postfire plant diversity in California shrublands: Ecological Applications, v. 16, p. 503-514, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0503:ASEMAO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"503","endPage":"514","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.6083984375,\n              37.996162679728116\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.904296875,\n              36.70365959719456\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.498046875,\n              34.59704151614417\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.43261718749999,\n              33.76088200086917\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.2900390625,\n              32.58384932565662\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.00488281250001,\n              32.58384932565662\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.82910156249999,\n              32.95336814579932\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.2578125,\n              34.05265942137599\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.3896484375,\n              34.92197103616377\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.6083984375,\n              37.996162679728116\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6274","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015167,"text":"1015167 - 2006 - Novel ecosystems: Theoretical and management aspects of the new ecological world order","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T16:16:39","indexId":"1015167","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1839,"text":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Novel ecosystems: Theoretical and management aspects of the new ecological world order","docAbstract":"<p>We explore the issues relevant to those types of ecosystems containing new combinations of species that arise through human action, environmental change, and the impacts of the deliberate and inadvertent introduction of species from other regions. Novel ecosystems (also termed ‘emerging ecosystems’) result when species occur in combinations and relative abundances that have not occurred previously within a given biome. Key characteristics are novelty, in the form of new species combinations and the potential for changes in ecosystem functioning, and human agency, in that these ecosystems are the result of deliberate or inadvertent human action. As more of the Earth becomes transformed by human actions, novel ecosystems increase in importance, but are relatively little studied. Either the degradation or invasion of native or ‘wild’ ecosystems or the abandonment of intensively managed systems can result in the formation of these novel systems. Important considerations are whether these new systems are persistent and what values they may have. It is likely that it may be very difficult or costly to return such systems to their previous state, and hence consideration needs to be given to developing appropriate management goals and approaches.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1466-822X.2006.00212.x","usgsCitation":"Hobbs, R., Arico, S., Aronson, J., Baron, J., Bridgewater, P., Cramer, V., Epstein, P., Ewel, J., Klink, C., Lugo, A., Norton, D., Ojima, D., Richardson, D., Sanderson, E., Valladares, F., Vila, M., Zamora, R., and Zobel, M., 2006, Novel ecosystems: Theoretical and management aspects of the new ecological world order: Global Ecology and Biogeography, v. 15, p. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-822X.2006.00212.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502521,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/117077","text":"External Repository"},{"id":133097,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db6968d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hobbs, R.J.","contributorId":77491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobbs","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arico, S.","contributorId":79848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arico","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aronson, J.","contributorId":37293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aronson","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bridgewater, P.","contributorId":10007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridgewater","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cramer, V.A.","contributorId":44886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Epstein, P.R.","contributorId":99517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Epstein","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ewel, J.J.","contributorId":12814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewel","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Klink, C.A.","contributorId":60172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klink","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lugo, A.E.","contributorId":10761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lugo","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Norton, D.","contributorId":61391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ojima, D.","contributorId":10378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ojima","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Richardson, D.M.","contributorId":26660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Sanderson, E.W.","contributorId":6413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanderson","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Valladares, F.","contributorId":108071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valladares","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Vila, M.","contributorId":8423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vila","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Zamora, R.","contributorId":84319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zamora","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Zobel, M.","contributorId":36516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zobel","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}}
,{"id":1008609,"text":"1008609 - 2006 - Distribution of boreal toad populations in relation to estimated UV-B dose in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-22T13:09:12","indexId":"1008609","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of boreal toad populations in relation to estimated UV-B dose in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA","docAbstract":"<p>A recent increase in ultraviolet B radiation is one hypothesis advanced to explain suspected or documented declines of the boreal toad (<i>Bufo boreas</i> Baird and Girard, 1852) across much of the western USA, where some experiments have shown ambient UV-B can reduce embryo survival. We examined <i>B. boreas</i> occupancy relative to daily UV-B dose at 172 potential breeding sites in Glacier National Park, Montana, to assess whether UV-B limits the distribution of toads. Dose estimates were based on ground-level UV-B data and the effects of elevation, local topographic and vegetative features, and attenuation in the water column. We also examined temporal trends in surface UV-B and spring snowpack to determine whether populations are likely to have experienced increased UV-B exposure in recent decades. We found no support for the hypothesis that UV-B limits the distribution of populations in the park, even when we analyzed high-elevation ponds separately. Instead, toads were more likely to breed in water bodies with higher estimated UV-B doses. The lack of a detectable trend in surface UV-B since 1979, combined with earlier snow melt in the region and increasing forest density at high elevations, suggests <i>B. boreas</i> embryos and larvae likely have not experienced increased UV-B.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/z05-184","usgsCitation":"Hossack, B., Diamond, S.A., and Corn, P., 2006, Distribution of boreal toad populations in relation to estimated UV-B dose in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 84, no. 1, p. 98-107, https://doi.org/10.1139/z05-184.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"107","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130935,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.4443359375,\n              46.694667307773116\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.4443359375,\n              48.8936153614802\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.62109375,\n              48.8936153614802\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.62109375,\n              46.694667307773116\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.4443359375,\n              46.694667307773116\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db64870f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hossack, B. R.","contributorId":10756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"B. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diamond, S. A.","contributorId":41382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diamond","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Corn, P.S.","contributorId":63751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"P.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1008608,"text":"1008608 - 2006 - Divergent patterns of abundance and age-class structure of headwater stream tadpoles in burned and unburned watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-15T10:09:39","indexId":"1008608","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Divergent patterns of abundance and age-class structure of headwater stream tadpoles in burned and unburned watersheds","docAbstract":"<p>Wildfire is a potential threat to many species with narrow environmental tolerances like the Rocky Mountain tailed frog (Ascaphus montanus Mittleman and Myers, 1949), which inhabits a region where the frequency and intensity of wildfires are expected to increase. We compared pre- and post-fire counts of tadpoles in eight streams in northwestern Montana to determine the effects of wildfire on <i>A. montanus</i>. All streams were initially sampled in 2001, 2&nbsp;years before four of them burned in a large wildfire, and were resampled during the 2&nbsp;years following the fire. Counts of tadpoles were similar in the two groups of streams before the fire. After the fire, tadpoles were almost twice as abundant in unburned streams than in burned streams. The fire seemed to have the greatest negative effect on abundance of age-1 tadpoles, which was reflected in the greater variation in same-stream age-class structure compared with those in unburned streams. Despite the apparent effect on tadpoles, we do not expect the wildfire to be an extirpation threat to populations in the streams that we sampled. Studies spanning a chronosequence of fires, as well as in other areas, are needed to assess the effects of fires on streams with <i>A. montanus</i> and to determine the severity and persistence of these effects.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","usgsCitation":"Hossack, B., Corn, P., and Fagre, D., 2006, Divergent patterns of abundance and age-class structure of headwater stream tadpoles in burned and unburned watersheds: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 84, no. 10, p. 1482-1888.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1482","endPage":"1888","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312287,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/z06-143#.VnA6Pb-StEA"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.12548828124999,\n              45.089035564831036\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.12548828124999,\n              49.009050809382046\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.0390625,\n              49.009050809382046\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.0390625,\n              45.089035564831036\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.12548828124999,\n              45.089035564831036\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d869","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hossack, B. R.","contributorId":10756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"B. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Corn, P.S.","contributorId":63751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"P.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fagre, D.B.","contributorId":52135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015119,"text":"1015119 - 2006 - Flood pattern and weather determine Populus leaf litter breakdown and nitrogen dynamics on a cold desert floodplain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-28T09:49:45","indexId":"1015119","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Flood pattern and weather determine <i>Populus</i> leaf litter breakdown and nitrogen dynamics on a cold desert floodplain","title":"Flood pattern and weather determine Populus leaf litter breakdown and nitrogen dynamics on a cold desert floodplain","docAbstract":"<p>Patterns and processes involved in litter breakdown on desert river floodplains are not well understood. We used leafpacks containing Fremont cottonwood (<i>Populus deltoides</i> subsp. <i>wislizenii</i>) leaf litter to investigate the roles of weather and microclimate, flooding (immersion), and macroinvertebrates on litter organic matter (OM) and nitrogen (N) loss on a floodplain in a cool-temperate semi-arid environment (Yampa River, northwestern Colorado, USA). Total mass of N in fresh autumn litter fell by ∼20% over winter and spring, but in most cases there was no further N loss prior to termination of the study after 653 days exposure, including up to 20 days immersion during the spring flood pulse. Final OM mass was 10–40% of initial values. The pattern of OM and N losses suggested most N would be released outside the flood season, when retention within the floodplain would be likely. The exclusion of macroinvertebrates modestly reduced the rate of OM loss (by about 10%) but had no effect on N dynamics over nine months. Immersion in floodwater accelerated OM loss, but modest variation in litter quality did not affect the breakdown rate. These results are consistent with the concept that decomposition on desert floodplains progresses much as does litter processing in desert uplands, but with periodic bouts of processing typical of aquatic environments when litter is inundated by floodwaters. The strong dependence of litter breakdown rate on weather and floods means that climate change or river flow management can easily disrupt floodplain nutrient dynamics.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.06.022","usgsCitation":"Andersen, D., and Nelson, S.M., 2006, Flood pattern and weather determine Populus leaf litter breakdown and nitrogen dynamics on a cold desert floodplain: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 64, no. 4, p. 626-650, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.06.022.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"626","endPage":"650","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131756,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eec31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andersen, D.C.","contributorId":19119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, S. M.","contributorId":81853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015122,"text":"1015122 - 2006 - A permutation test for quantile regression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-30T10:33:35","indexId":"1015122","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2151,"text":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A permutation test for quantile regression","docAbstract":"<p>A drop in dispersion, <i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">F</i>-ratio like, permutation test (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">D</i>) for linear quantile regression estimates (0≤τ≤1) had relative power ≥1 compared to quantile rank score tests (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">T</i>) for hypotheses on parameters other than the intercept. Power was compared for combinations of sample sizes (<i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">n</i>=20−300) and quantiles (τ=0.50−0.99) where both tests maintained valid Type I error rates in simulations with <i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">p</i>=2 and 6 parameters in homogeneous and heterogeneous error models. The <i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">D</i> test required two modifications of permuting residuals from null, reduced parameter models to maintain correct Type I error rates when null models were constrained through the origin or included multiple parameters. A double permutation scheme was used when null models were constrained through the origin and all but 1 of the zero residuals were deleted for null models with multiple parameters. Although there was considerable overlap in sample size, quantiles, and hypotheses where both the <i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">D</i> and rank score tests maintained correct Type I error rates, we identified regions at smaller <i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">n</i> and more extreme quantiles where one or the other maintained better error rates. Confidence intervals on parameters for an ecological application relating Lahontan cutthroat trout densities to stream channel width:depth were estimated by test inversion, demonstrating a smoother pattern of slightly narrower intervals across quantiles than those provided by the rank score test.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1198/108571106X96835","usgsCitation":"Cade, B.S., and Richards, J.D., 2006, A permutation test for quantile regression: Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, v. 11, no. 1, p. 106-126, https://doi.org/10.1198/108571106X96835.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"106","endPage":"126","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab830","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cade, Brian S. 0000-0001-9623-9849 cadeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9623-9849","contributorId":1278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"Brian","email":"cadeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richards, Jon D.","contributorId":181580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richards","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015168,"text":"1015168 - 2006 - The importance of adjusting for trip purpose in regional economic analyses of tourist destinations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-31T14:05:23","indexId":"1015168","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3606,"text":"Tourism Economics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of adjusting for trip purpose in regional economic analyses of tourist destinations","docAbstract":"<p>This paper investigates the empirical importance of distinguishing visitors and their expenditures by trip purpose when estimating the tourism effects of a national park on a local economy. Accounting for trip purpose is quite important when there are two or more nearby major attractions in the same geographical area. This applies to the author's case study of Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks in the State of Wyoming, and also to other areas, such as the State of Utah's Bryce and Zion National Parks or amusement parks in the Orlando area in Florida. The authors illustrate the various types of survey questions and methods for correcting for trip purpose. In the case study, it would be quite misleading to attribute all spending by visitors to Grand Teton National Park (GTNP) in the town of Jackson, Wyoming, solely to GTNP because this would overstate employment actually attributable to the park by 3,455 jobs, or 22%. In turn, this overestimates the dependence of jobs in the Jackson economy on GTNP by 15%, incorrectly estimating it at 75% rather than the sounder figure of 60% of total jobs.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"SAGE Journals","doi":"10.5367/000000006776387105","usgsCitation":"Loomis, J., and Caughlan, L., 2006, The importance of adjusting for trip purpose in regional economic analyses of tourist destinations: Tourism Economics, v. 12, no. 1, p. 33-43, https://doi.org/10.5367/000000006776387105.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"43","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a85e4b07f02db64d876","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loomis, J.","contributorId":41785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loomis","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caughlan, L.","contributorId":38498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caughlan","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015169,"text":"1015169 - 2006 - A tamarisk habitat suitability map for the continental US","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-01T15:25:48","indexId":"1015169","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A tamarisk habitat suitability map for the continental US","docAbstract":"<p>This paper presents a national-scale map of habitat suitability for tamarisk (<i><span class=\"genusSpeciesInfoAsset\">Tamarix</span> </i>spp, salt cedar), a high-priority invasive species. We successfully integrate satellite data and tens of thousands of field sampling points through logistic regression modeling to create a habitat suitability map that is 90% accurate. This interagency effort uses field data collected and coordinated through the US Geological Survey and nationwide environmental data layers derived from NASA's MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). We demonstrate the use of the map by ranking the 48 continental US states (and the District of Columbia) based on their absolute, as well as proportional, areas of “highly likely” and “moderately likely” habitat for <i><span class=\"genusSpeciesInfoAsset\">Tamarix</span></i>. The interagency effort and modeling approach presented here could be used to map other harmful species, in the US and globally.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/1540-9295(2006)004[0012:ATHSMF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Morisette, J., Jarnevich, C., Ullah, A., Cai, W., Pedelty, J., Gentle, J., Stohlgren, T., and Schnase, J., 2006, A tamarisk habitat suitability map for the continental US: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 4, no. 1, p. 11-17, https://doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2006)004[0012:ATHSMF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"17","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5c73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morisette, J.T.","contributorId":57029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morisette","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarnevich, C. S.","contributorId":54932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"C. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ullah, A.","contributorId":82664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ullah","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cai, W.","contributorId":9216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cai","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pedelty, J.A.","contributorId":41788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pedelty","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gentle, J.E.","contributorId":81066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gentle","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schnase, J.L.","contributorId":62184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnase","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":79555,"text":"sir20065224 - 2006 - The Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI): 5-year report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T11:39:48","indexId":"sir20065224","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5224","title":"The Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI): 5-year report","docAbstract":"<p>The Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) is an innovative, multidisciplinary program that began in 2000 in response to a congressional directive for the Department of the Interior to address the issue of amphibian declines in the United States. ARMI&rsquo;s formulation was cross-disciplinary, integrating U.S. Geological Survey scientists from Biology, Water, and Geography to develop a course of action (Corn and others, 2005a). The result has been an effective program with diverse, yet complementary, expertise.</p>\n<p>ARMI&rsquo;s approach to research and monitoring is multiscale. Detailed investigations focus on a few species at selected local sites throughout the country; monitoring addresses a larger number of species over broader areas (typically, National Parks and National Wildlife Refuges); and inventories to document species occurrence are conducted more extensively across the landscape. Where monitoring is conducted, the emphasis is on an ability to draw statistically defensible conclusions about the status of amphibians. To achieve this objective, ARMI has instituted a monitoring response variable that has nationwide applicability. At research sites, ARMI focuses on studying species/environment interactions, determining causes of observed declines, and developing new techniques to sample populations and analyze data. Results from activities at all scales are provided to scientists, land managers, and policymakers, as appropriate.</p>\n<p>The ARMI program and the scientists involved contribute significantly to understanding amphibian declines at local, regional, national, and international levels. Within National Parks and National Wildlife Refuges, findings help land managers make decisions applicable to amphibian conservation. For example, the National Park Service (NPS) selected amphibians as a vital sign for several of their monitoring networks, and ARMI scientists provide information and assistance in developing monitoring methods for this NPS effort. At the national level, ARMI has had major exposure at a variety of meetings, including a dedicated symposium at the 2004 joint meetings of the Herpetologists&rsquo; League, the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, and the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. Several principal investigators have brought international exposure to ARMI through venues such as the World Congress of Herpetology in South Africa in 2005 (invited presentation by Dr. Gary Fellers), the Global Amphibian Summit, sponsored by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and Wildlife Conservation International, in Washington, D.C., 2005 (invited participation by Dr. P.S. Corn), and a special issue of the international herpetological journal Alytes focused on ARMI in 2004 (edited by Dr. C.K. Dodd, Jr.).</p>\n<p>ARMI research and monitoring efforts have addressed at least 7 of the 21 Threatened and Endangered Species listed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (California red-legged frog [Rana draytonii], Chiricahua leopard frog [R. chiricahuensis], arroyo toad [Bufo californicus], dusky gopher frog [Rana sevosa], mountain yellow-legged frog [R. muscosa], flatwoods salamander [Ambystoma cingulatum], and the golden coqui [Eleutherodactylus jasperi]), and 9 additional species of concern recognized by the IUCN. ARMI investigations have addressed time-sensitive research, such as emerging infectious diseases and effects on amphibians related to natural disasters like wildfire, hurricanes, and debris flows, and the effects of more constant, environmental change, like urban expansion, road development, and the use of pesticides.</p>\n<p>Over the last 5 years, ARMI has partnered with an extensive list of government, academic, and private entities. These partnerships have been fruitful and have assisted ARMI in developing new field protocols and analytic tools, in using and refining emerging technologies to improve accuracy and efficiency of data handling, in conducting amphibian disease, malformation, and environmental effects research, and in implementing a network of monitoring and research sites. Accomplishments from these endeavors include more than 40 publications on amphibian status and trends, nearly 100 publications on amphibian ecology and causes of declines, and over 30 methodological publications. Several databases have emerged as a result of ARMI and its partnerships; one, a digital atlas of ranges for all U.S. amphibian species, was used by the IUCN to display amphibian distribution maps in the Global Amphibian Assessment Project.</p>\n<p>Given the scope of ARMI and the panoply of projects, findings have had implications for policy. Investigations that demonstrate amphibian declines or illuminate causes of declines provide valuable information about habitat management, environmental effects, mechanisms for the spread of disease, and human/amphibian interfaces. This information has been made available to land managers, scientists, educators, Congress and other policymakers, and the public. The support afforded ARMI by Congress has been influential in the program&rsquo;s development and success. The value of ARMI&rsquo;s efforts will continue to increase as we are able to extend our studies spatially and temporally to answer critical questions with more confidence. We are using ARMI&rsquo;s resources efficiently and continuing to develop innovative mechanisms for leveraging resources for maximum effectiveness during challenging financial times.</p>\n<p>This report is a 5-year retrospective of the structure, methodology, progress, and contributions to the broader scientific community that have resulted from this national USGS program. We evaluate ARMI&rsquo;s success to date, with regard to the challenges faced by the program and the strengths that have emerged. We chart objectives for the next 5 years that build on current accomplishments, highlight areas meriting further research, and direct efforts to overcome existing weaknesses.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065224","usgsCitation":"Muths, E., Gallant, A.L., Campbell Grant, E., Battaglin, W.A., Green, D.E., Staiger, J.S., Walls, S., Gunzburger, M.S., and Kearney, R.F., 2006, The Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI): 5-year report: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5224, viii, 77 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065224.","productDescription":"viii, 77 p.","numberOfPages":"87","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191954,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20065224.PNG"},{"id":320233,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5224/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68344c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muths, Erin 0000-0002-5498-3132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":14012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gallant, Alisa L. 0000-0002-3029-6637 gallant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-6637","contributorId":2940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallant","given":"Alisa","email":"gallant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell Grant, Evan H. 0000-0003-4401-6496","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6496","contributorId":23233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell Grant","given":"Evan H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Green, David E. 0000-0002-7663-1832 degreen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7663-1832","contributorId":3715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"David","email":"degreen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Staiger, Jennifer S. jstaiger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staiger","given":"Jennifer","email":"jstaiger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Walls, Susan C. 0000-0001-7391-9155","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7391-9155","contributorId":52284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walls","given":"Susan C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gunzburger, Margaret S.","contributorId":43449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunzburger","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kearney, Rick F.","contributorId":72472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kearney","given":"Rick","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":1015170,"text":"1015170 - 2006 - Autumn migration and selection of rock crevices as hibernacula by big brown bats in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-01T15:23:58","indexId":"1015170","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Autumn migration and selection of rock crevices as hibernacula by big brown bats in Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>Movements, distribution, and roosting requirements of most species of temperate-zone bats in autumn are poorly understood. We conducted the 1st radiotelemetry study of autumn migrations and prehibernation roost selection of bats in western North America. Big brown bats (<i>Eptesicus fuscus, n</i> = 55) in the Poudre River watershed, Colorado, moved from low-elevation summer ranges to high-elevation locations in autumn, where they roosted in rock crevices during the period leading up to winter hibernation. We characterized rock crevices used as roosts in autumn at these higher elevations at microhabitat and landscape scales. We used logistic regression combined with an information theoretic approach to determine which variables were most important in roost selection. At the microhabitat scale, autumn roosts were higher to the ground above and below the exit point and were in deeper crevices that had more constant temperatures than randomly selected crevices. At the landscape scale, aspect of the hillside was important, with autumn roosts typically facing north-northwest. Autumn roosts fell into 2 categories: those used for a few days (transient roosts) and those used for ≥7 days and presumed to be hibernacula. Temperature regimes in the presumed hibernacula appear to provide optimal conditions for use of winter torpor, whereas transient roosts may offer passive rewarming and energy savings for bats still active in early autumn. Elevational segregation of sexes also was documented in our region, with a preponderance of females found at lower elevations and males at higher elevations in summer. Sex ratios at higher elevations became even in autumn. Use of short elevational migrations and selection of hibernation sites in rock crevices may be a common overwintering strategy of insectivorous bats of western North America.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1644/05-MAMM-A-252R1.1","usgsCitation":"Neubaum, D., O'Shea, T., and Wilson, K., 2006, Autumn migration and selection of rock crevices as hibernacula by big brown bats in Colorado: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 87, no. 3, p. 470-479, https://doi.org/10.1644/05-MAMM-A-252R1.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"470","endPage":"479","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477352,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/05-mamm-a-252r1.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db66810f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neubaum, D.J.","contributorId":43720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neubaum","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, K.R.","contributorId":73961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015175,"text":"1015175 - 2006 - The effect of multiple stressors on salt marsh end-of-season biomass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-01T15:40:16","indexId":"1015175","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of multiple stressors on salt marsh end-of-season biomass","docAbstract":"<p>It is becoming more apparent that commonly used statistical methods (e.g. analysis of variance and regression) are not the best methods for estimating limiting relationships or stressor effects. A major challenge of estimating the effects associated with a measured subset of limiting factors is to account for the effects of unmeasured factors in an ecologically realistic matter. We used quantile regression to elucidate multiple stressor effects on end-of-season biomass data from two salt marsh sites in coastal Louisiana collected for 18 yr. Stressor effects evaluated based on available data were flooding, salinity air temperature, cloud cover, precipitation deficit, grazing by muskrat, and surface water nitrogen and phosphorus. Precipitation deficit combined with surface water nitrogen provided the best two-parameter model to explain variation in the peak biomass with different slopes and intercepts for the two study sites. Precipitation deficit, cloud cover, and temperature were significantly correlated with each other. Surface water nitrogen was significantly correlated with surface water phosphorus and muskrat density. The site with the larger duration of flooding showed reduced peak biomass, when cloud cover and surface water nitrogen were optimal. Variation in the relatively low salinity occurring in our study area did not explain any of the variation in <i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Spartina alterniflora</i> biomass.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02782001","usgsCitation":"Visser, J., Sasser, C., and Cade, B., 2006, The effect of multiple stressors on salt marsh end-of-season biomass: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 29, no. 2, p. 331-342, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02782001.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"342","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66764b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Visser, J.M.","contributorId":23900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Visser","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sasser, C.E.","contributorId":81067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sasser","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cade, B.S.","contributorId":47315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"B.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":79478,"text":"fs20063025 - 2006 - Surveillance for Asian H5N1 avian influenza in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-26T15:06:08","indexId":"fs20063025","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3025","title":"Surveillance for Asian H5N1 avian influenza in the United States","docAbstract":"Increasing concern over the potential for migratory birds to introduce the Asian H5N1 strain of avian influenza to North America prompted the White House Policy Coordinating Committee for Pandemic Influenza Preparedness to request that the U.S. Departments of Agriculture (USDA) and Interior (DOI) develop a plan for the early detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in the United States. To promote coordination among wildlife, agriculture, and human health agencies on HPAI surveillance efforts, the two Departments worked with representatives from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game to develop the U.S. Interagency Strategic Plan for Early Detection of Asian H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Wild Migratory Birds.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20063025","usgsCitation":"Ip, S., and Slota, P.G., 2006, Surveillance for Asian H5N1 avian influenza in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3025, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063025.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353239,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3025/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":9022,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3025/fs20063025.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.19 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2006-3025"}],"contact":"<p>Director, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/nwhc\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/nwhc\">National Wildlife Health Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>6006 Schroeder Road<br>Madison, WI 53711</p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699239","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ip, S. 0000-0003-4844-7533 hip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-7533","contributorId":727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ip","given":"S.","email":"hip@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slota, Paul G. pslota@usgs.gov","contributorId":4278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slota","given":"Paul","email":"pslota@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79481,"text":"ofr20061336 - 2006 - History of the Fort Collins Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T14:08:50","indexId":"ofr20061336","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1336","title":"History of the Fort Collins Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey&rsquo;s Fort Collins Science Center (\"the Center\") has been a nucleus of research, technology development, and associated scientific activities within the Department of the Interior for more than 30 years. The Center&rsquo;s historical activities are deeply rooted in federal biological resources research and its supporting disciplines, particularly as they relate to the needs of the U.S. Department of the Interior and its resource management agencies. The organizational framework and activities of the Center have changed and adapted over the years in response to shifts in the scientific issues and challenges facing the U.S. Department of the Interior and with the development of new strategies to meet these challenges. Thus, the history of the Center has been dynamic.</p>\n<p>The Center has been nested within the U.S. Geological Survey since 1996. From 1993 to 1996 the Center was a major unit of the National Biological Service (named the National Biological Survey at its inception). This was a period of great organizational flux. During that time the Center comprised multiple field stations and science functions that prior to 1993 had been scattered among the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, the National Park Service, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. In 1993, certain biological research components of these agencies were assigned to join with the National Ecology Research Center, formerly one of the major research and development hubs of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This was the year when biological resources research in the U.S. Department of the Interior was consolidated by the Secretary of the Interior, who in an April 1993 memo explaining his intentions wrote, \"Our Department has, without doubt, the best biologists in the world.\" Soon after formation of the new agency, the Center was re-named the Midcontinent Ecological Science Center, reflecting its geographic location within the new Midcontinent administrative region of the National Biological Service (the other three original administrative regions were the eastern, western, and southern). The change in name to the Fort Collins Science Center took place in 2002, soon after the center moved to new facilities on the Colorado State University Natural Resources Research Campus.</p>\n<p>At various times during the period when it was part of the National Biological Service (1993&ndash;96), the Center served as the administrative and programmatic home base for a wide number of science activities in numerous Western states (table 1). This reflected the previous fragmentation of biological and related science efforts across resource management agencies in the U.S. Department of the Interior. The organization of the 2 Center within the National Biological Service was a manifestation of the desire of the Secretary of the Interior to consolidate its biological science activities in administratively independent entities that would ensure that the science retained its objectivity. Congress later recognized the need to maintain a hierarchical independence between biological science and resource management in the Department. However, Congress also saw that the U.S. Geological Survey, with its long history of objective science support to the nation in geology, water resources, geography, and remote sensing, was a suitable alternative home for these biological science functions. Thus, in 1996 Congress transferred the biological resources functions of the National Biological Service to the U.S. Geological Survey. Detailed overviews and opinions about the history and policy issues surrounding the formation and subsequent fate of the National Biological Service can be found elsewhere (for example Cohn, 1993, 2005; Kaufman, 1993; Kreeger, 1994; Pulliam, 1995, 1998a,b; Reichhardt, 1994; Wagner, 1999)</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061336","usgsCitation":"O'Shea, T., 2006, History of the Fort Collins Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1336, iii, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061336.","productDescription":"iii, 27 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194581,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20061336.PNG"},{"id":320224,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1336/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bfed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Shea, Thomas J. (compiler)","contributorId":61117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"Thomas J. (compiler)","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":79778,"text":"tm10C4 - 2006 - Determination of the &delta;<sup>34</sup>S of Total Sulfur in Solids: RSIL Lab Code 1800","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-11T10:47:35","indexId":"tm10C4","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"10-C4","title":"Determination of the &delta;<sup>34</sup>S of Total Sulfur in Solids: RSIL Lab Code 1800","docAbstract":"The purpose of Reston Stable Isotope Laboratory Lab (RSIL) Code 1800 is to determine the &delta;(<sup>34</sup>S/<sup>32</sup>S), abbreviated as &delta;<sup>34</sup>S, of total sulfur in a solid sample. A Carlo Erba NC 2500 elemental analyzer (EA) is used to convert total sulfur in a solid sample into SO<sub>2</sub> gas. The EA is connected to a continuous flow isotope-ratio mass spectrometer (CF-IRMS), which determines the relative difference in stable sulfur isotope-amount ratio (<sup>34</sup>S/<sup>32</sup>S) of the product SO<sub>2</sub> gas. The combustion is quantitative; no isotopic fractionation is involved. Samples are placed in tin capsules and loaded into a Costech Zero-Blank Autosampler on the EA. Under computer control, samples are dropped into a heated tube reaction tube that combines both the oxidation and the reduction reactions. The combustion takes place in a He atmosphere that contains an excess of oxygen gas at the oxidation zone at the top of the reaction tube. Combustion products are transported by a He carrier through the reduction zone at the bottom of the reaction tube to remove excess oxygen and through a separate drying tube to remove any water. The gas-phase products, mainly CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>, and SO<sub>2</sub>, are separated by a gas chromatograph (GC). The gas is then introduced into the isotope-ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) through a Thermo-Finnigan ConFlo II interface, which also is used to inject SO<sub>2</sub> reference gas and He for sample dilution. The IRMS is a Thermo-Finnigan DeltaPlus CF-IRMS. It has a universal triple collector with two wide cups and a narrow cup in the middle. It is capable of measuring mass/charge (<i>m/z</i>) 64 and 66 simultaneously. The ion beams from SO<sub>2</sub> are as follows: <i>m/z</i> 64 = SO<sub>2</sub> = <sup>32</sup>S<sup>16</sup>O<sup>16</sup>O; and <i>m/z</i> 66 = SO<sub>2</sub> = <sup>34</sup>S<sup>16</sup>O<sup>16</sup>O primarily.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm10C4","usgsCitation":"Revesz, K., and Coplen, T.B., 2006, Determination of the &delta;<sup>34</sup>S of Total Sulfur in Solids: RSIL Lab Code 1800 (Version 1.2, August 2012 (Version 1.1 2007)): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 10-C4, viii, 31 p.; ill.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm10C4.","productDescription":"viii, 31 p.; ill.; Appendices","costCenters":[{"id":543,"text":"Reston Stable Isotope Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_10_C4.gif"},{"id":9466,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/10c4/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.2, August 2012 (Version 1.1 2007)","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66759b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Revesz, Kinga","contributorId":64285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revesz","given":"Kinga","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":79482,"text":"ofr20061267 - 2006 - 2005 annual progress report: Elk and bison grazing ecology in the Great Sand Dunes complex of lands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T14:15:45","indexId":"ofr20061267","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1267","title":"2005 annual progress report: Elk and bison grazing ecology in the Great Sand Dunes complex of lands","docAbstract":"<p>In 2000 the U.S. Congress authorized the expansion of the former Great Sand Dunes National Monument by establishing a new Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve in its place, and establishing the Baca National Wildlife Refuge. The establishment of Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve and the new Baca National Wildlife Refuge in the San Luis Valley (SLV), Colorado was one of the most significant land conservation actions in the western U.S. in recent years. The action was a result of cooperation between the National Park Service (NPS), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Bureau of Land Management (BLM), U.S. Forest Service (USDA-FS), and The Nature Conservancy (TNC). The new national park, when fully implemented, will consist of 107,265 acres, the new national preserve 41,872 acres, and the new national wildlife refuge (USFWS lands) 92,180 acres (fig. 1). The area encompassed by this designation protects a number of natural wonders and features including a unique ecosystem of natural sand dunes, the entire watershed of surface and groundwaters that are necessary to preserve and recharge the dunes and adjacent wetlands, a unique stunted forest, and other valuable riparian vegetation communities that support a host of associated wildlife and bird species.</p>\n<p>When the National Park was initially established, there were concerns about overconcentrations and impacts on native plant communities of the unhunted segments of a large and possibly growing elk (Cervus elaphus) population. This led to the designation of the Preserve as a compromise solution, where the elk could be harvested. The Preserve Unit, however, will not address all the ungulate management challenges. In order to reduce the current elk population, harvests of elk may need to be aggressive. But aggressive special hunts of elk to achieve population reductions can result in elk avoidance of certain areas or elk seeking refuge in areas where they cannot be hunted, while removals of whole herd segments and abandonment or alterations of migration routes can occur (Smith and Robbins, 1994; Boyce and others, 1991). Elk may seek refuge from hunting in the newly expanded Park Unit and TNC lands where they might overconcentrate and impact unique vegetation communities. In these sites of refugia, or preferred loafing sites, elk and bison could accelerate a decline in woody riparian shrubs and trees. This decline may also be due to changes in hydrology, climatic, or dunal processes, but ungulate herbivory might exacerbate the effects of those processes.</p>\n<p>To address the questions and needs of local resource managers, a multi-agency research project was initiated in 2005 to study the ecology, forage relations, and habitat relations of elk and bison in the Great Sand Dunes&ndash;Sangre de Cristo&ndash;Baca complex of lands. Meetings and discussions of what this research should include were started in 2001 with representatives from NPS, USFWS, TNC, the Colorado Division of Wildlife (CDOW), and USDA-FS/BLM. The final study plan was successfully funded in 2004 with research scheduled to start in 2005. The research was designed to encompass three major study elements: (1) animal movements and population dynamics, (2) vegetation and nutrient effects from ungulate herbivory, and (3) development of ecological models, using empirical data collected from the first two components, that will include estimates of elk carrying capacity and management scenarios for resource managers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061267","usgsCitation":"Schoenecker, K.A., Lubow, B., Zeigenfuss, L., and Mao, J., 2006, 2005 annual progress report: Elk and bison grazing ecology in the Great Sand Dunes complex of lands: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1267, viii, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061267.","productDescription":"viii, 45 p.","numberOfPages":"53","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190612,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20061267.PNG"},{"id":320220,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1267/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Baca National Wildlife Refuge, Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, San Luis Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.86975097656249,\n              37.54893261064109\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.86975097656249,\n              37.913867495923746\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.49072265625,\n              37.913867495923746\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.49072265625,\n              37.54893261064109\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.86975097656249,\n              37.54893261064109\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd491fe4b0b290850eee8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoenecker, Kate A.","contributorId":64343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenecker","given":"Kate","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lubow, Bruce C.","contributorId":59520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lubow","given":"Bruce C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zeigenfuss, Linda 0000-0002-6700-8563 linda_zeigenfuss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6700-8563","contributorId":2079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeigenfuss","given":"Linda","email":"linda_zeigenfuss@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mao, Julie","contributorId":74460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mao","given":"Julie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1015172,"text":"1015172 - 2006 - Risk analysis for biological hazards: What we need to know about invasive species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-01T15:12:16","indexId":"1015172","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3300,"text":"Risk Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Risk analysis for biological hazards: What we need to know about invasive species","docAbstract":"<p>Risk analysis for biological invasions is similar to other types of natural and human hazards. For example, risk analysis for chemical spills requires the evaluation of basic information on where a spill occurs; exposure level and toxicity of the chemical agent; knowledge of the physical processes involved in its rate and direction of spread; and potential impacts to the environment, economy, and human health relative to containment costs. Unlike typical chemical spills, biological invasions can have long lag times from introduction and establishment to successful invasion, they reproduce, and they can spread rapidly by physical and biological processes. We use a risk analysis framework to suggest a general strategy for risk analysis for invasive species and invaded habitats. It requires: (1) problem formation (scoping the problem, defining assessment endpoints); (2) analysis (information on species traits, matching species traits to suitable habitats, estimating exposure, surveys of current distribution and abundance); (3) risk characterization (understanding of data completeness, estimates of the “potential” distribution and abundance; estimates of the potential rate of spread; and probable risks, impacts, and costs); and (4) risk management (containment potential, costs, and opportunity costs; legal mandates and social considerations and information science and technology needs).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00707.x","usgsCitation":"Stohlgren, T., and Schnase, J., 2006, Risk analysis for biological hazards: What we need to know about invasive species: Risk Analysis, v. 26, no. 1, p. 163-173, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00707.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"173","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a11e4b07f02db60012b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schnase, J.L.","contributorId":62184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnase","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028702,"text":"70028702 - 2006 - Effects of live-well conditions on mortality and largemouth bass virus prevalence in largemouth bass caught during summer tournaments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70028702","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of live-well conditions on mortality and largemouth bass virus prevalence in largemouth bass caught during summer tournaments","docAbstract":"We evaluated the effect of improved live-well conditions and the interaction of tournament stress and largemouth bass virus (LMBV) on tournament-associated mortality of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides caught during 12 summer tournaments. Improvements in live-well conditions (reduction in water temperature by 2-5??C; addition of NaCl; continuous aeration) significantly reduced initial mortality of largemouth bass from 7% to 3% (F 1,11 = 10.29, P < 0.01). However, postrelease mortality of fish held for 5 d in net-pens or raceways was not reduced by the improved live-well conditions and averaged 76% for all tournament fish (F1,11 = 0.09, P = 0.77). The percentage of angler-caught fish infected with LMBV at the end of tournaments (14%) was significantly higher (P = 0.05) than the percentage infected in the general population (7%). The percentage of LMBV-infected fish increased during the post-tournament retention period to 64% for fish from live wells with improved conditions and 70% for fish from control live wells. Reference fish collected by electrofishing and held with tournament fish for 5 d also had high mortality (59%) and LMBV prevalence (47%), but these variables were significantly lower than those for tournament fish (mortality: F 2,30 = 3.63, P = 0.04; prevalence [Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test]: P < 0.01). Many of the fish also had bacterial diseases during the post-tournament period, so the effect of LMBV on postrelease mortality could not be determined. However, the higher postrelease mortality of tournament and reference fish in our study relative to that observed in previous tournaments on lakes presumed free of LMBV suggests that this newly discovered pathogen influences measurement of post-tournament mortality. Increases in LMBV prevalence after typical fishing tournaments without prolonged post-tournament fish confinement will probably be lower than those we observed, but further research on the effects of LMBV on fish released from tournaments is warranted. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M04-210.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Schramm, H., Walters, A., Grizzle, J., Beck, B., Hanson, L.A., and Rees, S., 2006, Effects of live-well conditions on mortality and largemouth bass virus prevalence in largemouth bass caught during summer tournaments: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 26, no. 4, p. 812-825, https://doi.org/10.1577/M04-210.1.","startPage":"812","endPage":"825","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209738,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M04-210.1"},{"id":236435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0747e4b0c8380cd51619","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schramm, H.L. Jr.","contributorId":103823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schramm","given":"H.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, A.R.","contributorId":22953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grizzle, J.M.","contributorId":57016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grizzle","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beck, B.H.","contributorId":30423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"B.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hanson, L. A.","contributorId":21111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"L.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rees, S.B.","contributorId":83322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rees","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
]}