{"pageNumber":"2467","pageRowStart":"61650","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184660,"records":[{"id":1001078,"text":"1001078 - 2006 - Recruitment of Hexagenia mayfly nymphs in western Lake Erie linked to environmental variability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T09:35:33","indexId":"1001078","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recruitment of Hexagenia mayfly nymphs in western Lake Erie linked to environmental variability","docAbstract":"<p>After a 40-year absence caused by pollution and eutrophication, burrowing mayflies (Hexagenia spp.) recolonized western Lake Erie in the mid 1990s as water quality improved. Mayflies are an important food resource for the economically valuable yellow perch fishery and are considered to be major indicator species of the ecological condition of the lake. Since their reappearance, however, mayfly populations have suffered occasional unexplained recruitment failures. In 2002, a failure of fall recruitment followed an unusually warm summer in which western Lake Erie became temporarily stratified, resulting in low dissolved oxygen levels near the lake floor. In the present study, we examined a possible link between Hexagenia recruitment and periods of intermittent stratification for the years 1997-2002. A simple model was developed using surface temperature, wind speed, and water column data from 2003 to predict stratification. The model was then used to detect episodes of stratification in past years for which water column data are unavailable. Low or undetectable mayfly recruitment occurred in 1997 and 2002, years in which there was frequent or extended stratification between June and September. Highest mayfly reproduction in 2000 corresponded to the fewest stratified periods. These results suggest that even relatively brief periods of stratification can result in loss of larval mayfly recruitment, probably through the effects of hypoxia. A trend toward increasing frequency of hot summers in the Great Lakes region could result in recurrent loss of mayfly larvae in western Lake Erie and other shallow areas in the Great Lakes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0601:ROHMNI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bridgeman, T., Schloesser, D.W., and Krause, A.E., 2006, Recruitment of Hexagenia mayfly nymphs in western Lake Erie linked to environmental variability: Ecological Applications, v. 16, no. 2, p. 601-611, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0601:ROHMNI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"601","endPage":"611","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db6966ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bridgeman, Thomas B.","contributorId":27394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridgeman","given":"Thomas B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schloesser, Don W.","contributorId":21485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krause, Ann E.","contributorId":9201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krause","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70188283,"text":"70188283 - 2006 - Stable isotopic composition of chlorine and oxygen in synthetic and natural perchlorate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-05T13:38:51","indexId":"70188283","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Stable isotopic composition of chlorine and oxygen in synthetic and natural perchlorate","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Perchlorate: Environmental occurrence, interactions and treatment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/0-387-31113-0_5","isbn":"978-0-387-31114-2","usgsCitation":"Sturchio, N.C., Bohlke, J., Gu, B., Horita, J., Brown, G.M., Beloso, A.D., Patterson, L.J., Hatzinger, P., Jackson, W.A., and Batista, J., 2006, Stable isotopic composition of chlorine and oxygen in synthetic and natural perchlorate, chap. <i>of</i> Perchlorate: Environmental occurrence, interactions and treatment, p. 93-109, https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-31113-0_5.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"109","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342103,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59366daee4b0f6c2d0d7d650","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gu, Baohua","contributorId":15504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gu","given":"Baohua","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697119,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coates, John D.","contributorId":107667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697120,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Sturchio, Neil C.","contributorId":88188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sturchio","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gu, Baohua","contributorId":15504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gu","given":"Baohua","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horita, Juske","contributorId":146205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horita","given":"Juske","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16625,"text":"Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Gilbert M.","contributorId":192623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Gilbert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beloso, Abelardo D. Jr.","contributorId":15016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beloso","given":"Abelardo","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Patterson, Leslie J.","contributorId":192625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patterson","given":"Leslie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hatzinger, Paul B.","contributorId":43204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatzinger","given":"Paul B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jackson, W. Andrew","contributorId":191113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Batista, Jacimaria","contributorId":192626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Batista","given":"Jacimaria","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":2002857,"text":"2002857 - 2006 - Effects of fire on plant communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-06T01:01:41","indexId":"2002857","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"2006-01","title":"Effects of fire on plant communities","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Use of Fire as a Tool for Controlling Invasive Plants: Cal-IPC Publication 2006-01","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"California Invasive Plant Council","publisherLocation":"Berkeley, CA","usgsCitation":"Brooks, M., 2006, Effects of fire on plant communities, chap. <i>of</i> The Use of Fire as a Tool for Controlling Invasive Plants: Cal-IPC Publication 2006-01, p. 29-32.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258204,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.cal-ipc.org/ip/management/UseofFire.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db6159bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, M.L.","contributorId":70322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70030665,"text":"70030665 - 2006 - Probabilistic analysis of tsunami hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-24T15:06:14","indexId":"70030665","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probabilistic analysis of tsunami hazards","docAbstract":"Determining the likelihood of a disaster is a key component of any comprehensive hazard assessment. This is particularly true for tsunamis, even though most tsunami hazard assessments have in the past relied on scenario or deterministic type models. We discuss probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis (PTHA) from the standpoint of integrating computational methods with empirical analysis of past tsunami runup. PTHA is derived from probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), with the main difference being that PTHA must account for far-field sources. The computational methods rely on numerical tsunami propagation models rather than empirical attenuation relationships as in PSHA in determining ground motions. Because a number of source parameters affect local tsunami runup height, PTHA can become complex and computationally intensive. Empirical analysis can function in one of two ways, depending on the length and completeness of the tsunami catalog. For site-specific studies where there is sufficient tsunami runup data available, hazard curves can primarily be derived from empirical analysis, with computational methods used to highlight deficiencies in the tsunami catalog. For region-wide analyses and sites where there are little to no tsunami data, a computationally based method such as Monte Carlo simulation is the primary method to establish tsunami hazards. Two case studies that describe how computational and empirical methods can be integrated are presented for Acapulco, Mexico (site-specific) and the U.S. Pacific Northwest coastline (region-wide analysis).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Hazards","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11069-005-4646-z","issn":"0921030X","usgsCitation":"Geist, E., and Parsons, T., 2006, Probabilistic analysis of tsunami hazards: Natural Hazards, v. 37, no. 3, p. 277-314, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-005-4646-z.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"314","numberOfPages":"38","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":211879,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-005-4646-z"},{"id":239252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8c7be4b0c8380cd7e6fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geist, E.L. 0000-0003-0611-1150","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":71993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70190592,"text":"70190592 - 2006 - San Francisco 's Golden Gate: A bridge between historically distinct coyote (Canis latrans) populations?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-06T23:25:53.096216","indexId":"70190592","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"San Francisco 's Golden Gate: A bridge between historically distinct coyote (<i>Canis latrans</i>) populations?","title":"San Francisco 's Golden Gate: A bridge between historically distinct coyote (Canis latrans) populations?","docAbstract":"<p id=\"ID0E1E\">Although coyotes (<i><span class=\"genus-species\">Canis latrans</span></i>) are well-known for their adaptability to human-modified landscapes (Riley et al. 2003), as with any medium to large-sized carnivore, they typically avoid highly urbanized areas (Crooks 2002), preferring instead to use habitat fragments linked by vegetated corridors (Tigas et al. 2002). However, recent observations of coyotes in San Francisco indicate their willingness to traverse even the most densely urbanized terrain (Rubenstein 2003). Herein we use DNA to show, in an extreme example, that an adult male coyote caught in the northern tip of the San Francisco peninsula traversed the 2-km Golden Gate Bridge, potentially linking historically distinct coyote populations.</p><p id=\"ID0EQF\">We extracted DNA from the blood of a coyote that was captured, radio-collared, and released in May 2003 in the Presidio of San Francisco, part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area located south of the Golden Gate Bridge. This coyote apparently left the park within a week and was not subsequently located. We genotyped this individual at 14 autosomal (non-sex-linked) microsatellite loci that had previously been used to delimit 4 coyote populations in central California (Sacks et al. 2004). Laboratory methods are detailed in a previous publication (Sacks et al. 2004). By comparing this genotype to the 2 adjacent populations, the North Coastal Mountain population (beginning 20 km north of the bridge) and the South Bay Hills population (20 km south of the Bridge, just south of the city), we assigned his origin to the northern population with 97.5% probability using a Bayesian model-based approach (Pritchard et al. 2000). The population of origin was the same when all 4 central California populations were used. Next, we genotyped this male and males in the 2 adjacent populations at 2 Y-chromosome loci (MS41A, MS41B;<span>&nbsp;</span>Sundqvist et al. 2001). The genotype of this male was present in 43 of 63 males from the northern population and none of 18 males (conservatively assumed to be 1 of 18 for probability calculation) in the southern population, indicating a 92% probability of origin in the northern population based on the Y-genotype. The combined probability of assignment (Sokal and Rohlf 1995) to the northern population based on both types of marker was 99.5%, making it almost certain that this coyote came from north of the Bridge.</p><p id=\"ID0EGG\">Although it is conceivable that the coyote was transported by humans or arrived in the Presidio without having traversed the Bridge, these scenarios seem unlikely. First, the coyote had no apparent injuries and, based on tooth wear, was several years old, making it unlikely that he had been in the recent custody of a wildlife rehabilitator (a general inquiry to all known wildlife rehabilitators in the area also turned up no information). Second, he was observed in the San Francisco park at the south end of the Bridge, a likely destination for a coyote that had walked across the Bridge, but not a likely choice as a new release site for a coyote. Third, while canids are generally good swimmers, it seems implausible that a coyote could swim across the San Francisco Bay, which has extremely treacherous currents. Finally, assuming his journey was unassisted, any land route other than the Golden Gate Bridge would have required him to circumvent the San Francisco Bay–Delta Estuary and move through the South Bay Hills population (&gt;250 km). Because no coyotes captured in the South Bay Hills population had genetic profiles indicative of a northern origin (Sacks et al. 2004), this seems especially unlikely. Coyotes were most likely absent from the peninsula north of the Bridge when the Bridge was built in 1933 and have only recently begun recolonizing the area (Hall 2000). The recent southern recolonization of this area by coyotes, their apparent willingness to cross the Bridge, and recent documentation of coyotes in more central parts of San Francisco (Rubenstein 2003) indicate the possibility of direct gene flow between north-coastal and south-coastal coyote populations, which have been historically distinct (Sacks et al. 2004). Although it has been widely recognized that human fragmentation of the landscape can impede gene flow among parts of historically continuous populations, our findings reflect an example where a human modification to the landscape may have done the opposite—namely, facilitated gene flow between historically distinct sections of a species range.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.3398/1527-0904(2006)66[263:SFGGAB]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Sacks, B.N., Ernest, H.B., and Boydston, E.E., 2006, San Francisco 's Golden Gate: A bridge between historically distinct coyote (Canis latrans) populations?: Western North American Naturalist, v. 66, no. 2, p. 263-264, https://doi.org/10.3398/1527-0904(2006)66[263:SFGGAB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"264","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol66/iss2/16","text":"External Repository"},{"id":386962,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Presidio","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.48588562011714,\n              37.78414711095681\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.44485855102536,\n              37.78414711095681\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.44485855102536,\n              37.80924146650164\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.48588562011714,\n              37.80924146650164\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.48588562011714,\n              37.78414711095681\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b3ac35e4b08b1644d8f1ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sacks, Benjamin N.","contributorId":196290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sacks","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ernest, Holly B.","contributorId":127689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ernest","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boydston, Erin E. 0000-0002-8452-835X eboydston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8452-835X","contributorId":1705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boydston","given":"Erin","email":"eboydston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030681,"text":"70030681 - 2006 - Limestone fluidized bed treatment of acid-impacted water at the Craig Brook National Fish Hatchery, Maine, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030681","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":852,"text":"Aquacultural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Limestone fluidized bed treatment of acid-impacted water at the Craig Brook National Fish Hatchery, Maine, USA","docAbstract":"Decades of atmospheric acid deposition have resulted in widespread lake and river acidification in the northeastern U.S. Biological effects of acidification include increased mortality of sensitive aquatic species such as the endangered Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a limestone-based fluidized bed system for the treatment of acid-impacted waters. The treatment system was tested at the Craig Brook National Fish Hatchery in East Orland, Maine over a period of 3 years. The product water from the treatment system was diluted with hatchery water to prepare water supplies with three different levels of alkalinity for testing of fish health and survival. Based on positive results from a prototype system used in the first year of the study, a larger demonstration system was used in the second and third years with the objective of decreasing operating costs. Carbon dioxide was used to accelerate limestone dissolution, and was the major factor in system performance, as evidenced by the model result: Alk = 72.84 ?? P(CO2)1/2; R2 = 0.975. No significant acidic incursions were noted for the control water over the course of the study. Had these incursions occurred, survivability in the untreated water would likely have been much more severely impacted. Treated water consistently provided elevated alkalinity and pH above that of the hatchery source water. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquacultural Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2005.05.003","issn":"01448609","usgsCitation":"Sibrell, P., Watten, B., Haines, T., and Spaulding, B., 2006, Limestone fluidized bed treatment of acid-impacted water at the Craig Brook National Fish Hatchery, Maine, USA: Aquacultural Engineering, v. 34, no. 2, p. 61-71, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2005.05.003.","startPage":"61","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487586,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2005.05.003","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212081,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2005.05.003"}],"volume":"34","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4785e4b0c8380cd678a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sibrell, P.L.","contributorId":13343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibrell","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watten, B.J. 0000-0002-2227-8623","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":11537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"B.J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":428194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haines, T.A.","contributorId":83062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spaulding, B.W.","contributorId":107098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spaulding","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030710,"text":"70030710 - 2006 - High-resolution stratigraphy of a Mississippi subdelta-lobe progradation in the Barataria Bight, north-central Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-24T13:46:40","indexId":"70030710","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution stratigraphy of a Mississippi subdelta-lobe progradation in the Barataria Bight, north-central Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"The coastal zone of southeastern Louisiana is the product of numerous cycles of progradation, abandonment, and marine transgression of the Mississippi River delta. Currently, the shoreline in the Barataria Bight is undergoing significant erosion and retreat, and understanding its evolution is crucial in stabilization efforts. This study uses an extensive collection of geophysical and sediment core data from Barataria Bay and offshore to develop a geologic model of the shallow (< 10 m) subsurface. The purpose of the model is twofold: (1) establish the stratigraphic architecture of a subdelta lobe of the Bayou des Families delta, deposited by the Mississippi River approximately 4000 years before present; and (2) provide a high-resolution description of the geologic framework in a context that can be applied to coastal management issues in similar fluvially dominated coastal environments worldwide. The results of the study demonstrate how high-quality geologic data from the coastal environment can be used not only to further our understanding of shoreline evolution but also to provide pertinent information for coastal management needs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.2110/jsr.2006.030","issn":"15271404","usgsCitation":"Flocks, J.G., Ferina, N., Dreher, C., Kindinger, J., FitzGerald, D.M., and Kulp, M., 2006, High-resolution stratigraphy of a Mississippi subdelta-lobe progradation in the Barataria Bight, north-central Gulf of Mexico: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 76, no. 3-4, p. 429-443, https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2006.030.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"429","endPage":"443","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":212026,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2006.030"},{"id":239429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","volume":"76","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3137e4b0c8380cd5dd28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flocks, J. G.","contributorId":92309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferina, N.F.","contributorId":63140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferina","given":"N.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dreher, C.","contributorId":36186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreher","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kindinger, J. L.","contributorId":38983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"FitzGerald, D. M.","contributorId":55038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"FitzGerald","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kulp, M.A.","contributorId":61138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulp","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1016590,"text":"1016590 - 2006 - Age-related body mass and reproductive measurements of gray wolves in Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T11:06:55","indexId":"1016590","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age-related body mass and reproductive measurements of gray wolves in Minnesota","docAbstract":"Based on 65 free-ranging gray wolves (Canis lupus) of known age and 25 of estimated age examined during summers of 1970-2004 in northeastern Minnesota, body mass of both males and females peaked at 5 or 6 years of age, with mean masses of 40.8 kg and 31.2 kg, respectively. Testis size varied as a function of age and month through at least 8 years of age, with length plus width ranging from 1.9 to 7.8 cm. Most females aged 4-9 years bred based on assessment of nipple sizes; those that had not bred had average lower body mass than those that had. This is the 1st report of such data from known-aged wolves.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Mammalogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Mech, L., 2006, Age-related body mass and reproductive measurements of gray wolves in Minnesota: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 87, no. 1, p. 80-84.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"84","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db68922c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70030685,"text":"70030685 - 2006 - Simulation of active tectonic processes for a convecting mantle with moving continents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-28T15:23:36.405862","indexId":"70030685","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of active tectonic processes for a convecting mantle with moving continents","docAbstract":"<p>Numerical models are presented that simulate several active tectonic processes. These models include a continent that is thermally and mechanically coupled with viscous mantle flow. The assumption of rigid continents allows use of solid body equations to describe the continents' motion and to calculate their velocities. The starting point is a quasi-steady state model of mantle convection with temperature/ pressure-dependent viscosity. After placing a continent on top of the mantle, the convection pattern changes. The mantle flow subsequently passes through several stages, eventually resembling the mantle structure under present-day continents: (a) Extension tectonics and marginal basins form on boundary of a continent approaching to subduction zone, roll back of subduction takes place in front of moving continent; (b) The continent reaches the subduction zone, the extension regime at the continental edge is replaced by strong compression. The roll back of the subduction zone still continues after closure of the marginal basin and the continent moves towards the upwelling. As a result the ocean becomes non-symmetric and (c) The continent overrides the upwelling and subduction in its classical form stops. The third stage appears only in the upper mantle model with localized upwellings.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.02832.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Trubitsyn, V., Kaban, M., Mooney, W.D., Reigber, C., and Schwintzer, P., 2006, Simulation of active tectonic processes for a convecting mantle with moving continents: Geophysical Journal International, v. 164, no. 3, p. 611-623, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.02832.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"611","endPage":"623","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477526,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2006.02832.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"164","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b900ee4b08c986b3192c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trubitsyn, V.","contributorId":70657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trubitsyn","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaban, M.","contributorId":19441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaban","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reigber, C.","contributorId":64959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reigber","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schwintzer, P.","contributorId":105496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwintzer","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028179,"text":"70028179 - 2006 - Territoriality, site fidelity, and survivorship of willow flycatchers wintering in Costa Rica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-06T14:47:09.038907","indexId":"70028179","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Territoriality, site fidelity, and survivorship of willow flycatchers wintering in Costa Rica","docAbstract":"<p><span>We studied wintering Willow Flycatchers (</span><i>Empidonax traillii</i><span>) in two seasonal freshwater wetland habitats in northwestern Costa Rica during five boreal winters, to determine habitat occupancy, overwinter and between-year site and territory fidelity, and the degree to which the sexes maintain and defend winter territories. Both males and females used agonistic displays, song, and other vocalizations to maintain and defend mutually exclusive winter territories. Males were generally more abundant than females, but this varied by site and year. There was no significant difference in male and female territory size, nor any indication of sexual habitat segregation. Similarity in morphology and aggressiveness between the sexes may account for the lack of habitat segregation and the ability of females to maintain territories at wintering sites. Each year, 80%–92% of banded flycatchers that were present in midwinter remained at the site until late winter; of these, 86%–100% of individuals maintained the same territories throughout the entire period. We also observed nonterritorial floaters that subsequently established and held winter territories. Between-year site fidelity averaged 68%, and almost all returning birds established territories with boundaries similar to the previous year. Between-year apparent survivorship estimates ranged annually from 54%–72%, with no difference between sites but weak support for higher survivorship of males compared to females. Values for winter site and territory fidelity were generally higher than those reported for other species and for Willow Flycatchers on the breeding grounds; between-year survivorship estimates were similar to those reported for breeding flycatchers.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[558:TSFASO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Koronkiewicz, T., Sogge, M.K., van Riper, C., and Paxton, E.H., 2006, Territoriality, site fidelity, and survivorship of willow flycatchers wintering in Costa Rica: The Condor, v. 108, no. 3, p. 558-570, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[558:TSFASO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"558","endPage":"570","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386959,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Costa Rica","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.7158203125,\n              10.930404972955545\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.67163085937499,\n              11.081384602413062\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.935302734375,\n              10.962764256386821\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.616455078125,\n              11.221510260010541\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.033935546875,\n              10.811724143275528\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.89111328125,\n              9.644076964907923\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.88037109375,\n              9.286464684304082\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.232421875,\n              7.972197714386879\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.891845703125,\n              8.004836862364069\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.869873046875,\n              8.526700610450167\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.72705078125,\n              8.96104522203713\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.518310546875,\n              9.611582210984674\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.7158203125,\n              10.930404972955545\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"108","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba56ae4b08c986b320a30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koronkiewicz, T. J.","contributorId":105513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koronkiewicz","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sogge, M. K. 0000-0002-8337-5689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-5689","contributorId":106434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sogge","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":416931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paxton, E. H.","contributorId":16798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030550,"text":"70030550 - 2006 - Structure of the San Andreas fault zone at SAFOD from a seismic refraction survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030550","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure of the San Andreas fault zone at SAFOD from a seismic refraction survey","docAbstract":"Refraction traveltimes from a 46-km long seismic survey across the San Andreas Fault were inverted to obtain two-dimensional velocity structure of the upper crust near the SAFOD drilling project. The model contains strong vertical and lateral velocity variations from <2 km/s to ???6 km/s. The Salinian terrane west of the San Andreas Fault has much higher velocity than the Franciscan terrane east of the fault. Salinian basement deepens from 0.8 km subsurface at SAFOD to ???2.5 km subsurface 20 km to the southwest. A strong reflection and subtle velocity contrast suggest a steeply dipping fault separating the Franciscan terrane from the Great Valley Sequence. A low-velocity wedge of Cenozoic sedimentary rocks lies immediately southwest of the San Andreas Fault. This body is bounded by a steep fault just northeast of SAFOD and approaches the depth of the shallowest earthquakes. Multiple active and inactive fault strands complicate structure near SAFOD. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005GL025194","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Hole, J., Ryberg, T., Fuis, G., Bleibinhaus, F., and Sharma, A., 2006, Structure of the San Andreas fault zone at SAFOD from a seismic refraction survey: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 33, no. 7, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL025194.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477438,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl025194","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211788,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL025194"},{"id":239143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9c5ee4b08c986b31d3cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hole, J.A.","contributorId":103422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hole","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryberg, T.","contributorId":91643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryberg","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuis, G. S.","contributorId":83131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"G. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bleibinhaus, F.","contributorId":77736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bleibinhaus","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sharma, A.K.","contributorId":65281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharma","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70030666,"text":"70030666 - 2006 - Geochemical investigation of the potential for mobilizing non-methane hydrocarbons during carbon dioxide storage in deep coal beds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030666","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1513,"text":"Energy and Fuels","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical investigation of the potential for mobilizing non-methane hydrocarbons during carbon dioxide storage in deep coal beds","docAbstract":"Coal samples of different rank (lignite to anthracite) were extracted in the laboratory with supercritical CO2 (40 ??C; 10 MPa) to evaluate the potential for mobilizing non-methane hydrocarbons during CO2 storage (sequestration) or enhanced coal bed methane recovery from deep (???1-km depth) coal beds. The total measured alkane concentrations mobilized from the coal samples ranged from 3.0 to 64 g tonne-1 of dry coal. The highest alkane concentration was measured in the lignite sample extract; the lowest was measured in the anthracite sample extract. Substantial concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were also mobilized from these samples: 3.1 - 91 g tonne-1 of dry coal. The greatest amounts of PAHs were mobilized from the high-volatile bituminous coal samples. The distributions of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons mobilized from the coal samples also varied with rank. In general, these variations mimicked the chemical changes that occur with increasing degrees of coalification and thermal maturation. For example, the amount of PAHs mobilized from coal samples paralleled the general trend of bitumen formation with increasing coal rank. The coal samples yielded hydrocarbons during consecutive extractions with supercritical CO2, although the amount of hydrocarbons mobilized declined with each successive extraction. These results demonstrate that the potential for supercritical CO2 to mobilize non-methane hydrocarbons from coal beds, and the effect of coal rank on this process, are important to consider when evaluating deep coal beds for CO2 storage.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Energy and Fuels","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/ef050040u","issn":"08870624","usgsCitation":"Kolak, J., and Burruss, R., 2006, Geochemical investigation of the potential for mobilizing non-methane hydrocarbons during carbon dioxide storage in deep coal beds: Energy and Fuels, v. 20, no. 2, p. 566-574, https://doi.org/10.1021/ef050040u.","startPage":"566","endPage":"574","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477462,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ef050040u","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239286,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211908,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef050040u"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1646e4b0c8380cd55100","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolak, J.J.","contributorId":46246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolak","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burruss, R.C. 0000-0001-6827-804X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-804X","contributorId":99574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burruss","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001059,"text":"1001059 - 2006 - Forecasting effects of climate change on Great Lakes fisheries: models that link habitat supply to population dynamics can help","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T09:13:01","indexId":"1001059","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forecasting effects of climate change on Great Lakes fisheries: models that link habitat supply to population dynamics can help","docAbstract":"<p><span>Future changes to climate in the Great Lakes may have important consequences for fisheries. Evidence suggests that Great Lakes air and water temperatures have risen and the duration of ice cover has lessened during the past century. Global circulation models (GCMs) suggest future warming and increases in precipitation in the region. We present new evidence that water temperatures have risen in Lake Erie, particularly during summer and winter in the period 1965–2000. GCM forecasts coupled with physical models suggest lower annual runoff, less ice cover, and lower lake levels in the future, but the certainty of these forecasts is low. Assessment of the likely effects of climate change on fish stocks will require an integrative approach that considers several components of habitat rather than water temperature alone. We recommend using mechanistic models that couple habitat conditions to population demographics to explore integrated effects of climate-caused habitat change and illustrate this approach with a model for Lake Erie walleye (</span><i>Sander vitreum</i><span>). We show that the combined effect on walleye populations of plausible changes in temperature, river hydrology, lake levels, and light penetration can be quite different from that which would be expected based on consideration of only a single factor.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f05-239","usgsCitation":"Jones, M., Shuter, B.J., Zhao, Y., and Stockwell, J.D., 2006, Forecasting effects of climate change on Great Lakes fisheries: models that link habitat supply to population dynamics can help: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 63, no. 2, p. 457-468, https://doi.org/10.1139/f05-239.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"457","endPage":"468","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae519","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Michael L.","contributorId":7219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[{"id":6590,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":310364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shuter, Brian J.","contributorId":29372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shuter","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhao, Yingming","contributorId":49752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhao","given":"Yingming","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stockwell, Jason D. 0000-0003-3393-6799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3393-6799","contributorId":61004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stockwell","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030741,"text":"70030741 - 2006 - Predator functional response and prey survival: Direct and indirect interactions affecting a marked prey population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-07T11:14:52","indexId":"70030741","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predator functional response and prey survival: Direct and indirect interactions affecting a marked prey population","docAbstract":"<p>1. Predation plays an integral role in many community interactions, with the number of predators and the rate at which they consume prey (i.e. their functional response) determining interaction strengths. Owing to the difficulty of directly observing predation events, attempts to determine the functional response of predators in natural systems are limited. Determining the forms that predator functional responses take in complex systems is important in advancing understanding of community interactions. 2. Prey survival has a direct relationship to the functional response of their predators. We employed this relationship to estimate the functional response for bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocepalus predation of Canada goose Branta canadensis nests. We compared models that incorporated eagle abundance, nest abundance and alternative prey presence to determine the form of the functional response that best predicted intra-annual variation in survival of goose nests. 3. Eagle abundance, nest abundance and the availability of alternative prey were all related to predation rates of goose nests by eagles. There was a sigmoidal relationship between predation rate and prey abundance and prey switching occurred when alternative prey was present. In addition, predation by individual eagles increased as eagle abundance increased. 4. A complex set of interactions among the three species examined in this study determined survival rates of goose nests. Results show that eagle predation had both prey- and predator-dependent components with no support for ratio dependence. In addition, indirect interactions resulting from the availability of alternative prey had an important role in mediating the rate at which eagles depredated nests. As a result, much of the within-season variation in nest survival was due to changing availability of alternative prey consumed by eagles. 5. Empirical relationships drawn from ecological theory can be directly integrated into the estimation process to determine the mechanisms responsible for variation in observed survival rates. The relationship between predator functional response and prey survival offers a flexible and robust method to advance our understanding of predator-prey interactions in many complex natural systems where prey populations are marked and regularly visited. ?? 2006 British Ecological Society.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Animal Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.01025.x","issn":"00218790","usgsCitation":"Miller, D.A., Grand, J., Fondell, T., and Anthony, M., 2006, Predator functional response and prey survival: Direct and indirect interactions affecting a marked prey population: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 75, no. 1, p. 101-110, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.01025.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"110","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477391,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.01025.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211522,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.01025.x"}],"volume":"75","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a816ee4b0c8380cd7b51f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, David A.","contributorId":29193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":428473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J.B.","contributorId":11150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fondell, T.F.","contributorId":11154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fondell","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anthony, M.","contributorId":41373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030552,"text":"70030552 - 2006 - Antarctic climate cooling and response of diatoms in glacial meltwater streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030552","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Antarctic climate cooling and response of diatoms in glacial meltwater streams","docAbstract":"To understand biotic responses to an Antarctic cooling trend diatom samples from glacial meltwater streams in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, the largest ice-free area in Antarctica. Diatoms are abundant in these streams, and 24 of 40 species have only been found in the Antarctic. The percentage of these Antarctic diatom species increased with decreasing annual stream flow and increasing harshness of the stream habitat. The species diversity of assemblages reached a maximum when the Antarctic species accounted for 40-60% of relative diatom abundance. Decreased solar radiation and air-temperatures reduce annual stream flow, raising the dominance of these Antarctic species to levels above 60%. Thus, cooling favors the Antarctic species, and lowers diatom species diversity in this region. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006GL025903","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Esposito, R., Horn, S., McKnight, D.M., Cox, M., Grant, M., Spaulding, S., Doran, P., and Cozzetto, K., 2006, Antarctic climate cooling and response of diatoms in glacial meltwater streams: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 33, no. 7, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL025903.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486918,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl025903","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211813,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GL025903"},{"id":239178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec51e4b0c8380cd491c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esposito, R.M.M.","contributorId":64460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esposito","given":"R.M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horn, S.L.","contributorId":32050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horn","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":427619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cox, M.J.","contributorId":22562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grant, M.C.","contributorId":58529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Spaulding, S. A. 0000-0002-9787-7743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9787-7743","contributorId":74390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spaulding","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Doran, P.T.","contributorId":52347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"P.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cozzetto, K.D.","contributorId":30107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzetto","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70188286,"text":"70188286 - 2006 - Tracermodel1- Excel workbook for calculation and presentation of environmental tracer data for simple groundwater mixtures: Use of chlorofluorocarbons in hydrology - a guidebook; Section III.10.3","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-05T13:56:15","indexId":"70188286","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Tracermodel1- Excel workbook for calculation and presentation of environmental tracer data for simple groundwater mixtures: Use of chlorofluorocarbons in hydrology - a guidebook; Section III.10.3","docAbstract":"<p>Atmospheric environmental tracers commonly used to date groundwater on timescales of years to decades include CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, SF6, 85Kr, 3 H and 3 H/3 H0 , where 3 H0 refers to initial tritium (3 H + tritiogenic 3 He) (Cook and Herczeg, 2000). Interpretation of age from environmental tracer data may be relatively simple for a water sample with a single age, but the interpretation is more complex for a sample that is a mixture of waters of varying ages. A mixture can be a natural result of convergence of flow lines to a discharge area such as a spring or stream, or it can be an artefact of sampling a long-screen well. TRACERMODEL1 contains a worksheet that can be used to determine hypothetical concentrations of atmospheric environmental tracers in water samples with several different age distributions. It is designed to permit plotting of ages and tracer concentrations in a variety of different combinations to facilitate interpretation of measurements. TRACERMODEL1 includes several different types of graphs that are linked to the calculations. The spreadsheet and accompanying graphs can be modified for specific applications. For example, the selection of atmospheric environmental tracers can be changed to reflect analytes of interest, the input tracer data can be modified to reflect local conditions or different timescales, and the analytes of interest can include other types of non-point-source contaminants, such as nitrate (Böhlke, 2002). Previous versions of this workbook have been used to evaluate field data in studies of groundwater residence time and agricultural contamination (Böhlke and Denver, 1995; Focazio et al., 1998; Katz et al., 1999; Katz et al., 2001; Plummer et al., 2001; Böhlke and Krantz, 2003; Lindsey et al., 2003). </p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Atomic Energy Agency","usgsCitation":"Bohlke, J., 2006, Tracermodel1- Excel workbook for calculation and presentation of environmental tracer data for simple groundwater mixtures: Use of chlorofluorocarbons in hydrology - a guidebook; Section III.10.3, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"243","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342110,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342109,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1238_web.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59366daee4b0f6c2d0d7d64e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70030694,"text":"70030694 - 2006 - Estimates of in situ gas hydrate concentration from resistivity monitoring of gas hydrate bearing sediments during temperature equilibration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030694","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimates of in situ gas hydrate concentration from resistivity monitoring of gas hydrate bearing sediments during temperature equilibration","docAbstract":"As part of Ocean Drilling Program Leg 204 at southern Hydrate Ridge off Oregon we have monitored changes in sediment electrical resistivity during controlled gas hydrate dissociation experiments. Two cores were used, each filled with gas hydrate bearing sediments (predominantly mud/silty mud). One core was from Site 1249 (1249F-9H3), 42.1 m below seafloor (mbsf) and the other from Site 1248 (1248C-4X1), 28.8 mbsf. At Site 1247, a third experiment was conducted on a core without gas hydrate (1247B-2H1, 3.6 mbsf). First, the cores were imaged using an infra-red (IR) camera upon recovery to map the gas hydrate occurrence through dissociation cooling. Over a period of several hours, successive runs on the multi-sensor track (includes sensors for P-wave velocity, resistivity, magnetic susceptibility and gamma-ray density) were carried out complemented by X-ray imaging on core 1249F-9H3. After complete equilibration to room temperature (17-18??C) and complete gas hydrate dissociation, the final measurement of electrical resistivity was used to calculate pore-water resistivity and salinities. The calculated pore-water freshening after dissociation is equivalent to a gas hydrate concentration in situ of 35-70% along core 1249F-9H3 and 20-35% for core 1248C-4X1 assuming seawater salinity of in situ pore fluid. Detailed analysis of the IR scan, X-ray images and split-core photographs showed the hydrate mainly occurred disseminated throughout the core. Additionally, in core 1249F-9H3, a single hydrate filled vein, approximately 10 cm long and dipping at about 65??, was identified. Analyses of the logging-while-drilling (LWD) resistivity data revealed a structural dip of 40-80?? in the interval between 40 and 44 mbsf. We further analyzed all resistivity data measured on the recovered core during Leg 204. Generally poor data quality due to gas cracks allowed analyses to be carried out only at selected intervals at Sites 1244, 1245, 1246, 1247, 1248, 1249, and 1252. With a few exceptions, data from these intervals yield low to no gas hydrate concentration, which corresponds to estimates from downhole resistivity logs. However, since the gas cracking may be the result of gas hydrate dissociation, this is a biased sampling. Cores that had contained some gas hydrate may have been excluded. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2005.10.007","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Riedel, M., Long, P., and Collett, T.S., 2006, Estimates of in situ gas hydrate concentration from resistivity monitoring of gas hydrate bearing sediments during temperature equilibration: Marine Geology, v. 227, no. 3-4, p. 215-225, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2005.10.007.","startPage":"215","endPage":"225","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211763,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2005.10.007"},{"id":239115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"227","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ae5e4b0c8380cd524a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riedel, M.","contributorId":65268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riedel","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, P.E.","contributorId":37514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030672,"text":"70030672 - 2006 - Diatomite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030672","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diatomite","docAbstract":"In 2005, diatomite production in the United States reached 653 kt, a 5% increased over 2004. Production came from six companies with 12 processing facilities in four states. California and Nevada accounted for 70% of US production in 2005. Other than the United States, significant producers included China, Denmark, Japan, France and Mexico.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00265187","usgsCitation":"Founie, A., 2006, Diatomite: Mining Engineering, v. 58, no. 6.","startPage":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00ade4b0c8380cd4f862","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Founie, A.","contributorId":84977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Founie","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70030702,"text":"70030702 - 2006 - Inference of postseismic deformation mechanisms of the 1923 Kanto earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030702","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inference of postseismic deformation mechanisms of the 1923 Kanto earthquake","docAbstract":"Coseismic slip associated with the M7.9, 1923 Kanto earthquake is fairly well understood, involving slip of up to 8 m along the Philippine Sea-Honshu interplate boundary under Sagami Bay and its onland extension. Postseismic deformation after the 1923 earthquake, however, is relatively poorly understood. We revisit the available deformation data in order to constrain possible mechanisms of postseismic deformation and to examine the consequences for associated stress changes in the surrounding crust. Data from two leveling lines and one tide gage station over the first 7-8 years postseismic period are of much greater amplitude than the corresponding expected interseismic deformation during the same period, making these data suitable for isolating the signal from postseismic deformation. We consider both viscoelastic models of asthenosphere relaxation and afterslip models. A distributed coseismic slip model presented by Pollitz et al. (2005), combined with prescribed parameters of a viscoelastic Earth model, yields predicted postseismic deformation that agrees with observed deformation on mainland Honshu from Tokyo to the Izu peninsula. Elsewhere (southern Miura peninsula; Boso peninsula), the considered viscoelastic models fail to predict observed deformation, and a model of ???1 in shallow afterslip in the offshore region south of the Boso peninsula, with equivalent moment magnitude Mw = 7.0, adequately accounts for the observed deformation. Using the distributed coseismic slip model, layered viscoelastic structure, and a model of interseismic strain accumulation, we evaluate the post-1923 stress evolution, including both the coseismic and accumulated postseismic stress changes and those stresses contributed by interseismic loading. We find that if account is made for the varying tectonic regime in the region, the occurrence of both immediate (first month) post-1923 crustal aftershocks as well as recent regional crustal seismicity is consistent with the predicted stress pattern. This suggests that the influence of the 1923 earthquake on regional seismicity is fairly predictable and has persisted for at least seven decades following the earthquake.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005JB003901","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Pollitz, F., Nyst, M., Nishimura, T., and Thatcher, W., 2006, Inference of postseismic deformation mechanisms of the 1923 Kanto earthquake: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 111, no. 5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003901.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211880,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003901"},{"id":239253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ae3e4b0c8380cd62068","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollitz, F. F.","contributorId":108280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"F. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nyst, M.","contributorId":66453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nyst","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nishimura, T.","contributorId":94834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishimura","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thatcher, W.","contributorId":32669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030674,"text":"70030674 - 2006 - Using a binaural biomimetic array to identify bottom objects ensonified by echolocating dolphins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70030674","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1013,"text":"Bioinspiration and Biomimetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using a binaural biomimetic array to identify bottom objects ensonified by echolocating dolphins","docAbstract":"The development of a unique dolphin biomimetic sonar produced data that were used to study signal processing methods for object identification. Echoes from four metallic objects proud on the bottom, and a substrate-only condition, were generated by bottlenose dolphins trained to ensonify the targets in very shallow water. Using the two-element ('binaural') receive array, object echo spectra were collected and submitted for identification to four neural network architectures. Identification accuracy was evaluated over two receive array configurations, and five signal processing schemes. The four neural networks included backpropagation, learning vector quantization, genetic learning and probabilistic network architectures. The processing schemes included four methods that capitalized on the binaural data, plus a monaural benchmark process. All the schemes resulted in above-chance identification accuracy when applied to learning vector quantization and backpropagation. Beam-forming or concatenation of spectra from both receive elements outperformed the monaural benchmark, with higher sensitivity and lower bias. Ultimately, best object identification performance was achieved by the learning vector quantization network supplied with beam-formed data. The advantages of multi-element signal processing for object identification are clearly demonstrated in this development of a first-ever dolphin biomimetic sonar. ?? 2006 IOP Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bioinspiration and Biomimetics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1088/1748-3182/1/2/002","issn":"17483182","usgsCitation":"Heiweg, D., Moore, P., Martin, S., and Dankiewicz, L., 2006, Using a binaural biomimetic array to identify bottom objects ensonified by echolocating dolphins: Bioinspiration and Biomimetics, v. 1, no. 2, p. 41-51, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-3182/1/2/002.","startPage":"41","endPage":"51","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211992,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-3182/1/2/002"}],"volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc022e4b08c986b329f4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heiweg, D.A.","contributorId":73818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heiweg","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, P.W.","contributorId":98111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, S.W.","contributorId":65283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dankiewicz, L.A.","contributorId":49599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dankiewicz","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030686,"text":"70030686 - 2006 - Polychlorinated biphenyls, mercury, and potential endocrine disruption in fish from the Hudson River, New York, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030686","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":873,"text":"Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polychlorinated biphenyls, mercury, and potential endocrine disruption in fish from the Hudson River, New York, USA","docAbstract":"Tissue residues of total mercury (Hg), total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and lipid-based PCBs; plasma concentrations of endocrine biomarkers; and reproductive and histologic biomarkers were assessed in 460 carp (Cyprinus carpio), bass (Micropterus salmoides and Micropterus dolomieui), and bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) collected from eight sites across the Hudson River Basin in the spring of 1998 to determine if endocrine disruption was evident in resident fish species and to evaluate contaminant-biomarker interrelations. Total PCBs in bed sediments (maximum 2,500 ??g kg-1) could explain 64 to 90% of the variability in lipid-based PCB residues in tissues (maximum 1,250 ??g PCB g-lipid-1) of the four species. The 17??-estradiol to 11-ketotestosterone ratio, typically less than 1.0 in male fish and greater than 1.0 in females, exceeded 1.4 in all male largemouth bass and 35% of male carp and bullhead at one site 21 km downstream from a major PCB source. Endocrine biomarkers were significantly correlated with total Hg in female smallmouth bass and carp, and with lipid-based PCBs in males of all four species. Empirical evidence of endocrine modulation in blood plasma of male and female fish from sites with and without high PCB residues in bed sediments and fish tissues suggest that PCBs, Hg, or other contaminants may disrupt normal endocrine function in fish of the Hudson River. ?? Eawag, 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00027-006-0831-8","issn":"10151621","usgsCitation":"Baldigo, B., Sloan, R., Smith, S., Denslow, N., Blazer, V., and Gross, T., 2006, Polychlorinated biphenyls, mercury, and potential endocrine disruption in fish from the Hudson River, New York, USA: Aquatic Sciences, v. 68, no. 2, p. 206-228, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-006-0831-8.","startPage":"206","endPage":"228","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212137,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00027-006-0831-8"},{"id":239572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7cf6e4b0c8380cd79c8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":25174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sloan, R.J.","contributorId":16653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloan","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, S.B.","contributorId":47056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Denslow, N. D.","contributorId":101606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Denslow","given":"N. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gross, T. S.","contributorId":95828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"T. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70030697,"text":"70030697 - 2006 - Isotopic evidence of nitrate sources and denitrification in the Mississippi River, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030697","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic evidence of nitrate sources and denitrification in the Mississippi River, Illinois","docAbstract":"Anthropogenic nitrate (NO3-) within the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River basin and discharge to the Gulf of Mexico has been linked to serious environmental problems. The sources of this NO 3- have been estimated by others using mass balance methods; however, there is considerable uncertainty in these estimates. Part of the uncertainty is the degree of denitrification that the NO3- has undergone. The isotopic composition of NO3- in the Mississippi River adjacent to Illinois and tile drain (subsurface drain) discharge in agricultural areas of east-central Illinois was examined using N and O isotopes to help identify the major sources of NO 3- and assess the degree of denitrification in the samples. The isotopic evidence suggests that most of the NO3- in the river is primarily derived from synthetic fertilizers and soil organic N, which is consistent with published estimates of N inputs to the Mississippi River. The 1:2 relationship between ??18O and ??15N also indicate that, depending on sample location and season, NO3- in the river and tile drains lias undergone significant denitrification, ranging from about 0 to 55%. The majority of the denitrification appears to have occurred before discharge into the Mississippi River. ?? ASA, CSSA, SSSA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2005.0012","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Panno, S., Hackley, K.C., Kelly, W., and Hwang, H., 2006, Isotopic evidence of nitrate sources and denitrification in the Mississippi River, Illinois: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 35, no. 2, p. 495-504, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0012.","startPage":"495","endPage":"504","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211796,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0012"},{"id":239152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fb3e4b0c8380cd64745","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Panno, S.V.","contributorId":102990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panno","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hackley, Keith C.","contributorId":12166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelly, W.R.","contributorId":74120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hwang, H.-H.","contributorId":6981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hwang","given":"H.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030554,"text":"70030554 - 2006 - Groundlayer vegetation gradients across oak woodland canopy gaps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T10:02:21","indexId":"70030554","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2571,"text":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundlayer vegetation gradients across oak woodland canopy gaps","docAbstract":"<p><span>Frequency of groundlayer plants was measured across oak woodland canopy gaps at three sites in northwest Indiana to examine how vegetation varied with gap size, direction along the gap edge, and microhabitat. Microhabitats were defined as under the canopy adjacent to the gap, along the gap edge, and within the gap. Gap-sites consisted of gaps plus adjacent tree canopy. Gaps were classified as small (16 &plusmn; 1 m</span><sup>2</sup><span>), medium (97 &plusmn; 8), and large (310 &plusmn; 32). Neither richness nor diversity differed among microhabitats, gap sizes, or edges. Similarity between microhabitats wthin a gap-site increased as the distance between plots decreased and as the difference in PAR decreased, the latter explaining twice the variation in percent dissimilarity compared to Mg concentration, A horizon depth, and litter cover.&nbsp;</span><i>Diervilla lonicera</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>Frageria virginiana</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>Helianthus divaricatus</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>Polygonatum pubescens</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>Quercus velutina</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>Smilacena stellata</i><span>, and&nbsp;</span><i>Tradescantia ohiensis</i><span>&nbsp;decreased, while</span><i>Tephrosia virginiana</i><span>&nbsp;and legumes increased in frequency, from canopy to gap, and C</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;grasses peaked at the gap edge, independent of gap size. Additional species frequency varied across the microhabitat gradient within specific sites.&nbsp;</span><i>Sorghastrum nutans</i><span>&nbsp;was three times more frequent in gaps at large sites than elsewhere. The vegetation in medium-sized gap-sites was more variable than within small and large gap-sites, suggesting greater environmental heterogeneity at that scale. Within gap-sites, vegetation was more heterogeneous within edges and canopies than in gaps. Edges were more similar in composition to gaps than to canopy groundlayer within gap-sites. Few species varied significantly in frequency around the gap edge. The oak woodland groundlayer on sandy substrates can be characterized as a mosaic of forb dominated vegetation that varies across light gradients associated with canopy gaps, transitioning to islands of grassland vegetation when gaps exceed 160 m</span><sup>2</sup><span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Torrey Botanical Society","doi":"10.3159/1095-5674(2006)133[225:GVGAOW]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10955674","usgsCitation":"Pavlovic, N., Grundel, R., and Sluis, W., 2006, Groundlayer vegetation gradients across oak woodland canopy gaps: Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, v. 133, no. 2, p. 225-239, https://doi.org/10.3159/1095-5674(2006)133[225:GVGAOW]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"239","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211841,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3159/1095-5674(2006)133[225:GVGAOW]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"133","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2d8ae4b0c8380cd5bf1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pavlovic, N.B.","contributorId":105076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlovic","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grundel, R.","contributorId":37110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grundel","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sluis, W.","contributorId":98110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sluis","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030715,"text":"70030715 - 2006 - Dependence of soil respiration on soil temperature and soil moisture in successional forests in Southern China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T15:46:08","indexId":"70030715","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2358,"text":"Journal of Integrative Plant Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dependence of soil respiration on soil temperature and soil moisture in successional forests in Southern China","docAbstract":"<p><span>The spatial and temporal variations in soil respiration and its relationship with biophysical factors in forests near the Tropic of Cancer remain highly uncertain. To contribute towards an improvement of actual estimates, soil respiration rates, soil temperature, and soil moisture were measured in three successional subtropical forests at the Dinghushan Nature Reserve (DNR) in southern China from March 2003 to February 2005. The overall objective of the present study was to analyze the temporal variations of soil respiration and its biophysical dependence in these forests. The relationships between biophysical factors and soil respiration rates were compared in successional forests to test the hypothesis that these forests responded similarly to biophysical factors. The seasonality of soil respiration coincided with the seasonal climate pattern, with high respiration rates in the hot humid season (April-September) and with low rates in the cool dry season (October-March). Soil respiration measured at these forests showed a clear increasing trend with the progressive succession. Annual mean (±</span><i>SD</i><span>) soil respiration rate in the DNR forests was (9.0 ± 4.6) Mg CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>-C/hm</span><sup>2</sup><span>per year, ranging from (6.1 ± 3.2) Mg CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>-C/hm</span><sup>2</sup><span>per year in early successional forests to (10.7 ± 4.9) Mg CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>-C/hm</span><sup>2</sup><span> per year in advanced successional forests. Soil respiration was correlated with both soil temperature and moisture. The T/M model, where the two biophysical variables are driving factors, accounted for 74%-82% of soil respiration variation in DNR forests. Temperature sensitivity decreased along progressive succession stages, suggesting that advanced-successional forests have a good ability to adjust to temperature. In contrast, moisture increased with progressive succession processes. This increase is caused, in part, by abundant respirators in advanced-successional forest, where more soil moisture is needed to maintain their activities.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1744-7909.2006.00263.x","issn":"16729072","usgsCitation":"Tang, X., Zhou, G., Liu, S., Zhang, D., Liu, S., Li, J., and Zhou, C., 2006, Dependence of soil respiration on soil temperature and soil moisture in successional forests in Southern China: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, v. 48, no. 6, p. 654-663, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2006.00263.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"654","endPage":"663","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212083,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2006.00263.x"}],"volume":"48","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059feb0e4b0c8380cd4ee81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tang, X.-L.","contributorId":19778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tang","given":"X.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhou, G.-Y.","contributorId":37522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"G.-Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liu, S.-G.","contributorId":74574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.-G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhang, D.-Q.","contributorId":25360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"D.-Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, S.-Z.","contributorId":62410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.-Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Li, Ji","contributorId":22916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Ji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zhou, C.-Y.","contributorId":7910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"C.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70030711,"text":"70030711 - 2006 - Cross-shore velocity shear, eddies and heterogeneity in water column properties over fringing coral reefs: West Maui, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030711","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cross-shore velocity shear, eddies and heterogeneity in water column properties over fringing coral reefs: West Maui, Hawaii","docAbstract":"A multi-day hydrographic survey cruise was conducted to acquire spatially extensive, but temporally limited, high-resolution, three-dimensional measurements of currents, temperature, salinity and turbidity off West Maui in the summer of 2003 to better understand coastal dynamics along a complex island shoreline with coral reefs. These data complement long-term, high-resolution tide, wave, current, temperature, salinity and turbidity measurements made at a number of fixed locations in the study area starting in 2001. Analyses of these hydrographic data, in conjunction with numerous field observations, evoke the following conceptual model of water and turbidity flux along West Maui. Wave- and wind-driven flows appear to be the primary control on flow over shallower portions of the reefs while tidal and subtidal currents dominate flow over the outer portions of the reefs and insular shelf. When the direction of these flows counter one another, which is quite common, they cause a zone of cross-shore horizontal shear and often form a front, with turbid, lower-salinity water inshore of the front and clear, higher-salinity water offshore of the front. It is not clear whether these zones of high shear and fronts are the cause or the result of the location of the fore reef, but they appear to be correlated alongshore over relatively large horizontal distances (orders of kilometers). When two flows converge or when a single flow is bathymetrically steered, eddies can be generated that, in the absence of large ocean surface waves, tend to accumulate material. Areas of higher turbidity and lower salinity tend to correlate with regions of poor coral health or the absence of well-developed reefs, suggesting that the oceanographic processes that concentrate and/or transport nutrients, contaminants, low-salinity water or suspended sediment might strongly influence coral reef ecosystem health and sustainability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2005.12.006","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., McManus, M., Logan, J., and McLaughlin, B., 2006, Cross-shore velocity shear, eddies and heterogeneity in water column properties over fringing coral reefs: West Maui, Hawaii: Continental Shelf Research, v. 26, no. 3, p. 401-421, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2005.12.006.","startPage":"401","endPage":"421","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212027,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2005.12.006"},{"id":239430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcc6e4b0c8380cd4e41d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, C. D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":98905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McManus, M.A.","contributorId":73390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McManus","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Logan, J.B.","contributorId":43150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McLaughlin, B.E.","contributorId":36362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}