{"pageNumber":"2467","pageRowStart":"61650","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185134,"records":[{"id":70028413,"text":"70028413 - 2006 - Should heterogeneity be the basis for conservation? Grassland bird response to fire and grazing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70028413","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Should heterogeneity be the basis for conservation? Grassland bird response to fire and grazing","docAbstract":"In tallgrass prairie, disturbances such as grazing and fire can generate patchiness across the landscape, contributing to a shifting mosaic that presumably enhances biodiversity. Grassland birds evolved within the context of this shifting mosaic, with some species restricted to one or two patch types created under spatially and temporally distinct disturbance regimes. Thus, management-driven reductions in heterogeneity may be partly responsible for declines in numbers of grassland birds. We experimentally altered spatial heterogeneity of vegetation structure within a tallgrass prairie by varying the spatial and temporal extent of fire and by allowing grazing animals to move freely among burned and unburned patches (patch treatment). We contrasted this disturbance regime with traditional agricultural management of the region that promotes homogeneity (traditional treatment). We monitored grassland bird abundance during the breeding seasons of 2001-2003 to determine the influence of altered spatial heterogeneity on the grassland bird community. Focal disturbances of patch burning and grazing that shifted through the landscape over several years resulted in a more heterogeneous pattern of vegetation than uniform application of fire and grazing. Greater spatial heterogeneity in vegetation provided greater variability in the grassland bird community. Some bird species occurred in greatest abundance within focally disturbed patches, while others occurred in relatively undisturbed patches in our patch treatment. Henslow's Sparrow, a declining species, occurred only within the patch treatment. Upland Sandpiper and some other species were more abundant on recently disturbed patches within the same treatment. The patch burn treatment created the entire gradient of vegetation structure required to maintain a suite of grassland bird species that differ in habitat preferences. Our study demonstrated that increasing spatial and temporal heterogeneity of disturbance in grasslands increases variability in vegetation structure that results in greater variability at higher trophic levels. Thus, management that creates a shifting mosaic using spatially and temporally discrete disturbances in grasslands can be a useful tool in conservation. In the case of North American tallgrass prairie, discrete fires that capitalize on preferential grazing behavior of large ungulates promote a shifting mosaic of habitat types that maintain biodiversity and agricultural productivity. ?? 2006 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Fuhlendorf, S., Harrell, W., Engle, D.M., Hamilton, R., Davis, C., and Leslie, D., 2006, Should heterogeneity be the basis for conservation? Grassland bird response to fire and grazing: Ecological Applications, v. 16, no. 5, p. 1706-1716.","startPage":"1706","endPage":"1716","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8ee6e4b08c986b318bf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuhlendorf, S.D.","contributorId":69353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuhlendorf","given":"S.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrell, W.C.","contributorId":7481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrell","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Engle, David M.","contributorId":97225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hamilton, R.G.","contributorId":19763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davis, C.A.","contributorId":68819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr.","contributorId":52514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70030366,"text":"70030366 - 2006 - Both msa genes in Renibacterium salmoninarum are needed for full virulence in bacterial kidney disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-12T16:13:25","indexId":"70030366","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Both msa genes in Renibacterium salmoninarum are needed for full virulence in bacterial kidney disease","docAbstract":"<p>Renibacterium salmoninarum, a gram-positive diplococcobacillus that causes bacterial kidney disease among salmon and trout, has two chromosomal loci encoding the major soluble antigen (msa) gene. Because the MSA protein is widely suspected to be an important virulence factor, we used insertion-duplication mutagenesis to generate disruptions of either the msa1 or msa2 gene. Surprisingly, expression of MSA protein in broth cultures appeared unaffected. However, the virulence of either mutant in juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) by intraperitoneal challenge was severely attenuated, suggesting that disruption of the msa1 or msa2 gene affected in vivo expression. Copyright ?? 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/AEM.72.4.2672-2678.2006","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Coady, A., Murray, A., Elliott, D., and Rhodes, L., 2006, Both msa genes in Renibacterium salmoninarum are needed for full virulence in bacterial kidney disease: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 72, no. 4, p. 2672-2678, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.72.4.2672-2678.2006.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2672","endPage":"2678","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477592,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.4.2672-2678.2006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212122,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.72.4.2672-2678.2006"}],"volume":"72","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f225e4b0c8380cd4b02b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coady, A.M.","contributorId":60856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coady","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murray, A.L.","contributorId":70151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elliott, D.G.","contributorId":58226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rhodes, L.D.","contributorId":35948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhodes","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028532,"text":"70028532 - 2006 - Fast simulated annealing inversion of surface waves on pavement using phase-velocity spectra","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70028532","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fast simulated annealing inversion of surface waves on pavement using phase-velocity spectra","docAbstract":"The conventional inversion of surface waves depends on modal identification of measured dispersion curves, which can be ambiguous. It is possible to avoid mode-number identification and extraction by inverting the complete phase-velocity spectrum obtained from a multichannel record. We use the fast simulated annealing (FSA) global search algorithm to minimize the difference between the measured phase-velocity spectrum and that calculated from a theoretical layer model, including the field setup geometry. Results show that this algorithm can help one avoid getting trapped in local minima while searching for the best-matching layer model. The entire procedure is demonstrated on synthetic and field data for asphalt pavement. The viscoelastic properties of the top asphalt layer are taken into account, and the inverted asphalt stiffness as a function of frequency compares well with laboratory tests on core samples. The thickness and shear-wave velocity of the deeper embedded layers are resolved within 10% deviation from those values measured separately during pavement construction. The proposed method may be equally applicable to normal soil site investigation and in the field of ultrasonic testing of materials. ?? 2006 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.2204964","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Ryden, N., and Park, C., 2006, Fast simulated annealing inversion of surface waves on pavement using phase-velocity spectra: Geophysics, v. 71, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2204964.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209730,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2204964"},{"id":236426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0efde4b0c8380cd536ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryden, N.","contributorId":23318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryden","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Park, C.B.","contributorId":21714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030657,"text":"70030657 - 2006 - The Cenozoic palaeoenvironment of the Arctic Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-22T17:02:33.930028","indexId":"70030657","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Cenozoic palaeoenvironment of the Arctic Ocean","docAbstract":"<p><span>The history of the Arctic Ocean during the Cenozoic era (0–65 million years ago) is largely unknown from direct evidence. Here we present a Cenozoic palaeoceanographic record constructed from &gt;400 m of sediment core from a recent drilling expedition to the Lomonosov ridge in the Arctic Ocean. Our record shows a palaeoenvironmental transition from a warm ‘greenhouse’ world, during the late Palaeocene and early Eocene epochs, to a colder ‘icehouse’ world influenced by sea ice and icebergs from the middle Eocene epoch to the present. For the most recent&nbsp;</span><span class=\"stix\">∼</span><span>14 Myr, we find sedimentation rates of 1–2 cm per thousand years, in stark contrast to the substantially lower rates proposed in earlier studies; this record of the Neogene reveals cooling of the Arctic that was synchronous with the expansion of Greenland ice (</span><span class=\"stix\">∼</span><span>3.2 Myr ago) and East Antarctic ice (</span><span class=\"stix\">∼</span><span>14 Myr ago). We find evidence for the first occurrence of ice-rafted debris in the middle Eocene epoch (</span><span class=\"stix\">∼</span><span>45 Myr ago), some 35 Myr earlier than previously thought; fresh surface waters were present at&nbsp;</span><span class=\"stix\">∼</span><span>49 Myr ago, before the onset of ice-rafted debris. Also, the temperatures of surface waters during the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum (</span><span class=\"stix\">∼</span><span>55 Myr ago) appear to have been substantially warmer than previously estimated. The revised timing of the earliest Arctic cooling events coincides with those from Antarctica, supporting arguments for bipolar symmetry in climate change.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publications","doi":"10.1038/nature04800","usgsCitation":"Moran, K., Backman, J., Brinkhuis, H., Clemens, S., Cronin, T.M., Dickens, G., Eynaud, F., Gattacceca, J., Jakobsson, M., Jordan, R., Kaminski, M., King, J., Koc, N., Krylov, A., Martinez, N., Matthiessen, J., McInroy, D., Moore, T., Onodera, J., O’Regan, M., Palike, H., Rea, B., Rio, D., Sakamoto, T., Smith, D.C., Stein, R., St, J.K., Suto, I., Suzuki, N., Takahashi, K., Watanabe, M.E., Yamamoto, M., Farrell, J., Frank, M., Kubik, P., Jokat, W., and Kristoffersen, Y., 2006, The Cenozoic palaeoenvironment of the Arctic Ocean: Nature, v. 441, no. 7093, p. 601-605, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04800.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"601","endPage":"605","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487920,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04800","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239149,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Arctic Ocean","volume":"441","issue":"7093","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba6c2e4b08c986b32127a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moran, K.","contributorId":96479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Backman, J.","contributorId":49596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Backman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brinkhuis, H.","contributorId":89719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brinkhuis","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clemens, S.C.","contributorId":62825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clemens","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cronin, Thomas M. 0000-0002-2643-0979 tcronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":2579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Thomas","email":"tcronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dickens, G.R.","contributorId":88101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickens","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Eynaud, F.","contributorId":42425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eynaud","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gattacceca, J.","contributorId":20545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gattacceca","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jakobsson, M.","contributorId":86970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakobsson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Jordan, R.W.","contributorId":42032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kaminski, M.","contributorId":19365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaminski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"King, J.","contributorId":100143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Koc, N.","contributorId":39190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koc","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Krylov, A.","contributorId":51538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krylov","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Martinez, N.","contributorId":70185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Matthiessen, J.","contributorId":37531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matthiessen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"McInroy, D.","contributorId":45897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McInroy","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Moore, T.C.","contributorId":29964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Onodera, J.","contributorId":31572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Onodera","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"O’Regan, M.","contributorId":38361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Regan","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Palike, H.","contributorId":64021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palike","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Rea, B.","contributorId":94496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rea","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Rio, D.","contributorId":47092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rio","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Sakamoto, T.","contributorId":31573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sakamoto","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Smith, D. C. davidsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":31057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.","email":"davidsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Stein, R.","contributorId":18507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"St, John K.","contributorId":14194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"St","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Suto, I.","contributorId":12263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suto","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Suzuki, N.","contributorId":49179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suzuki","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Takahashi, K.","contributorId":10998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takahashi","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Watanabe, M. E.","contributorId":82264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watanabe","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Yamamoto, M.","contributorId":60854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yamamoto","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Farrell, J.","contributorId":83334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrell","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Frank, M.","contributorId":103396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34},{"text":"Kubik, P.","contributorId":92047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubik","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":35},{"text":"Jokat, W.","contributorId":59242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jokat","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":36},{"text":"Kristoffersen, Y.","contributorId":29986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kristoffersen","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":37}]}}
,{"id":70028326,"text":"70028326 - 2006 - Nitrogen sources and cycling in the San Francisco Bay estuary: A nitrate dual isotopic composition approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T09:54:23","indexId":"70028326","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen sources and cycling in the San Francisco Bay estuary: A nitrate dual isotopic composition approach","docAbstract":"<p><span>We used the dual isotopic composition of nitrate (δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N and δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O) within the estuarine system of San Francisco (SF) Bay, California, to explore the utility of this approach for tracing sources and cycling of nitrate (NO</span><sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup><span>). Surface water samples from 49 sites within the estuary were sampled during July–August 2004. Spatial variability in the isotopic composition suggests that there are multiple sources of nitrate to the bay ecosystem including seawater, several rivers and creeks, and sewage effluent. The spatial distribution of nitrate from these sources is heavily modulated by the hydrodynamics of the estuary. Mixing along the estuarine salinity gradient is the main control on the spatial variations in isotopic composition of nitrate within the northern arm of SF Bay. However, the nitrate isotopic composition in the southern arm of SF Bay exhibited a combination of source mixing and phytoplankton drawdown due mostly to the long residence time during the summer study period. Very low δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>NO3</sub><span>&nbsp;values (as low as −5.0%) at the Sacramento–San Joaquin River delta region give rise to a wide range of δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>ONO3 values in the SF Bay system. The range in δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>NO3</sub><span>&nbsp;values is more than twice that of δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N</span><sub>NO3</sub><span>, suggesting that δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>NO3</sub><span>&nbsp;is an even more sensitive tool for tracing nitrate sources and cycling than δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N</span><sub>NO3</sub><span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASLO","doi":"10.4319/lo.2006.51.4.1654 ","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Wankel, S.D., Kendall, C., Francis, C., and Paytan, A., 2006, Nitrogen sources and cycling in the San Francisco Bay estuary: A nitrate dual isotopic composition approach: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 51, no. 4, p. 1654-1664, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2006.51.4.1654 .","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1654","endPage":"1664","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66f4e4b0c8380cd730c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wankel, Scott D.","contributorId":98076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wankel","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Francis, C.A.","contributorId":92859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francis","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paytan, A.","contributorId":98926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paytan","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028190,"text":"70028190 - 2006 - One-day rate measurements for estimating net nitrification potential in humid forest soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028190","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"One-day rate measurements for estimating net nitrification potential in humid forest soils","docAbstract":"Measurements of net nitrification rates in forest soils have usually been performed by extended sample incubation (2-8 weeks), either in the field or in the lab. Because of disturbance effects, these measurements are only estimates of nitrification potential and shorter incubations may suffice. In three separate studies of northeastern USA forest soil surface horizons, we found that laboratory nitrification rates measured over 1 day related well to those measured over 4 weeks. Soil samples of Oa or A horizons were mixed by hand and the initial extraction of subsamples, using 2 mol L-1 KCl, occurred in the field as soon as feasible after sampling. Soils were kept near field temperature and subsampled again the following day in the laboratory. Rates measured by this method were about three times higher than the 4-week rates. Variability in measured rates was similar over either incubation period. Because NO3- concentrations were usually quite low in the field, average rates from 10 research watersheds could be estimated with only a single, 1-day extraction. Methodological studies showed that the concentration of NH4+ increased slowly during contact time with the KCl extractant and, thus, this contact time should be kept similar during the procedure. This method allows a large number of samples to be rapidly assessed. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2006.04.022","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Ross, D., Fredriksen, G., Jamison, A., Wemple, B., Bailey, S., Shanley, J.B., and Lawrence, G., 2006, One-day rate measurements for estimating net nitrification potential in humid forest soils: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 230, no. 1-3, p. 91-95, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.04.022.","startPage":"91","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210204,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.04.022"},{"id":237055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"230","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e31e4b0c8380cd7551e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, D.S.","contributorId":33867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fredriksen, G.","contributorId":56434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredriksen","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jamison, A.E.","contributorId":97692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jamison","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wemple, B.C.","contributorId":89331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wemple","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bailey, S.W.","contributorId":29113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shanley, J. B.","contributorId":52226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lawrence, G.B. 0000-0002-8035-2350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":76347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70028351,"text":"70028351 - 2006 - Crustal structure of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau from the Songpan-Ganzi terrane to the Ordos basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-28T15:16:48.606477","indexId":"70028351","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal structure of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau from the Songpan-Ganzi terrane to the Ordos basin","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id17\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id18\"><p>The 1000-km-long Darlag–Lanzhou–Jingbian seismic refraction profile is located in the NE margin of the Tibetan plateau. This profile crosses the northern Songpan-Ganzi terrane, the Qinling-Qilian fold system, the Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region, and the stable Ordos basin. The P-wave and S-wave velocity structure and Poisson's ratios reveal many significant characteristics in the profile. The crustal thickness increases from northeast to southwest. The average crustal thickness observed increases from 42&nbsp;km in the Ordos basin to 63&nbsp;km in the Songpan-Ganzi terrane. The crust becomes obviously thicker south of the Haiyuan fault and beneath the West-Qinlin Shan. The crustal velocities have significant variations along the profile. The average P-wave velocities for the crystalline crust vary between 6.3 and 6.4&nbsp;km/s. Beneath the Songpan-Ganzi terrane, West-Qinling Shan, and Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region P-wave velocities of 6.3&nbsp;km/s are 0.15&nbsp;km/s lower than the worldwide average of 6.45&nbsp;km/s. North of the Kunlun fault, with exclusion of the Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region, the average P-wave velocity is 6.4&nbsp;km/s and only 0.5&nbsp;km/s lower than the worldwide average. A combination of the P-wave velocity and Poisson's ratio suggests that the crust is dominantly felsic in composition with an intermediate composition at the base. A mafic lower crust is absent in the NE margin of the Tibetan plateau from the Songpan-Ganzi terrane to the Ordos basin. There are low velocity zones in the West-Qinling Shan and the Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region. The low velocity zones have low S-wave velocities and high Poisson's ratios, so it is possible these zones are due to partial melting. The crust is divided into two layers, the upper and the lower crust, with crustal thickening mainly in the lower crust as the NE Tibetan plateau is approached. The results in the study show that the thickness of the lower crust increases from 22 to 38&nbsp;km as the crustal thickness increases from 42&nbsp;km in the Ordos basin to 63&nbsp;km in the Songpan-Ganzi terrane south of the Kunlun fault. Both the Conrad discontinuity and Moho in the West-Qinling Shan and in the Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region are laminated interfaces, implying intense tectonic activity. The arcuate faults and large earthquakes in the Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region are the result of interaction between the Tibetan plateau and the Sino–Korean and Gobi Ala Shan platforms.</p></div></div></div>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.025","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Liu, M., Mooney, W.D., Li, S., Okaya, N., and Detweiler, S.T., 2006, Crustal structure of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau from the Songpan-Ganzi terrane to the Ordos basin: Tectonophysics, v. 420, no. 1-2, p. 253-266, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.025.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"266","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science 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M.","contributorId":33912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Li, S.","contributorId":41969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okaya, N.","contributorId":41201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okaya","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Detweiler, Shane T. 0000-0001-5699-011X shane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5699-011X","contributorId":680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detweiler","given":"Shane","email":"shane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028348,"text":"70028348 - 2006 - Rupture models for the A.D. 900-930 Seattle fault earthquake from uplifted shorelines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T10:06:30","indexId":"70028348","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rupture models for the A.D. 900-930 Seattle fault earthquake from uplifted shorelines","docAbstract":"A major earthquake on the Seattle fault, Washington, ca. A.D. 900-930 was first inferred from uplifted shorelines and tsunami deposits. Despite follow-up geophysical and geological investigations, the rupture parameters of the earthquake and the geometry of the fault are uncertain. Here we estimate the fault geometry, slip direction, and magnitude of the earthquake by modeling shoreline elevation change. The best fitting model geometry is a reverse fault with a shallow roof ramp consisting of at least two back thrusts. The best fitting rupture is a SW-NE ohlique reverse slip with horizontal shortening of 15 m, rupture depth of 12.5 km, and magnitude Mw = 7.5. ?? 2006 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkTitle":"Geology","language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G22173.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"ten Brink, U., Song, J., and Bucknam, R., 2006, Rupture models for the A.D. 900-930 Seattle fault earthquake from uplifted shorelines: Geology, v. 34, no. 7, p. 585-588, https://doi.org/10.1130/G22173.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"585","endPage":"588","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.59619140625001,\n              46.803819640791566\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.72302246093749,\n              46.803819640791566\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.72302246093749,\n              48.70183766127341\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.59619140625001,\n              48.70183766127341\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.59619140625001,\n              46.803819640791566\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaed4e4b0c8380cd8723e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":417629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Song, J.","contributorId":34707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Song","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bucknam, R.C.","contributorId":35744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bucknam","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028294,"text":"70028294 - 2006 - Platinum-group element, Gold, Silver and Base Metal distribution in compositionally zoned sulfide droplets from the Medvezky Creek Mine, Noril'sk, Russia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028294","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Platinum-group element, Gold, Silver and Base Metal distribution in compositionally zoned sulfide droplets from the Medvezky Creek Mine, Noril'sk, Russia","docAbstract":"Concentrations of Ag, Au, Cd, Co, Re, Zn and Platinum-group elements (PGE) have been determined in sulfide minerals from zoned sulfide droplets of the Noril'sk 1 Medvezky Creek Mine. The aims of the study were; to establish whether these elements are located in the major sulfide minerals (pentlandite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and cubanite), to establish whether the elements show a preference for a particular sulfide mineral and to investigate the model, which suggests that the zonation in the droplets is caused by the crystal fractionation of monosulfide solid solution (mss). Nickel, Cu, Ag, Re, Os, Ir, Ru, Rh and Pd, were found to be largely located in the major sulfide minerals. In contrast, less than 25% of the Au, Cd, Pt and Zn in the rock was found to be present in these sulfides. Osmium, Ir, Ru, Rh and Re were found to be concentrated in pyrrhotite and pentlandite. Palladium and Co was found to be concentrated in pentlandite. Silver, Cd and Zn concentrations are highest in chalcopyrite and cubanite. Gold and platinum showed no preference for any of the major sulfide minerals. The enrichment of Os, Ir, Ru, Rh and Re in pyrrhotite and pentlandite (exsolution products of mss) and the low levels of these elements in the cubanite and chalcopyrite (exsolution products of intermediate solid solution, iss) support the mss crystal fractionation model, because Os, Ir, Ru, Rh and Re are compatible with mss. The enrichment of Ag, Cd and Zn in chalcopyrite and cubanite also supports the mss fractionation model these minerals are derived from the fractionated liquid and these elements are incompatible with mss and thus should be enriched in the fractionated liquid. Gold and Pt do not partition into either iss or mss and become sufficiently enriched in the final fractionated liquid to crystallize among the iss and mss grains as tellurides, bismithides and alloys. During pentlandite exsolution Pd appears to have diffused from the Cu-rich portion of the droplet into pentlandite. ?? Springer-Verlag 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00410-006-0100-9","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Barnes, S., Cox, R., and Zientek, M.L., 2006, Platinum-group element, Gold, Silver and Base Metal distribution in compositionally zoned sulfide droplets from the Medvezky Creek Mine, Noril'sk, Russia: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 152, no. 2, p. 187-200, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-006-0100-9.","startPage":"187","endPage":"200","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210210,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00410-006-0100-9"},{"id":237063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"152","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7c2fe4b0c8380cd79852","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, S.-J.","contributorId":95631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"S.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, R.A.","contributorId":17818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zientek, M. L.","contributorId":6118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zientek","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028337,"text":"70028337 - 2006 - Dietary exposure of largemouth bass to OCPs changes expression of genes important for reproduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70028337","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dietary exposure of largemouth bass to OCPs changes expression of genes important for reproduction","docAbstract":"Dieldrin and p,p???-DDE are ubiquitous contaminants known to act as endocrine disruptors, causing impaired development and reproduction in fish and wildlife. In order to elucidate the mechanisms by which dieldrin and p,p???-DDE cause endocrine disruption in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), fish were exposed subchronically through the diet to both contaminants. Following 120 days of exposure, p,p???-DDE decreased estradiol in females, but increased 11-ketotestosterone in both sexes. Dieldrin on the other hand, decreased estradiol and 11-ketotestosterone in both sexes. Both pesticides also altered steady state mRNA expression levels of a set of genes chosen to represent three possible mechanisms of endocrine disruption: (1) direct interaction with soluble sex steroid receptors, (2) biosynthesis of endogenous sex hormones, and (3) metabolism of endogenous hormones. p,p???-DDE acted as a weak estrogen, increasing the expression of vitellogenin and estrogen receptor ?? in the liver. p,p???-DDE also altered the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of endogenous hormones as well as their metabolism. Dieldrin, on the other hand, only altered expression of vitellogenin and not estrogen receptor ??. Dieldrin also altered the expression of genes involved in hormone synthesis and metabolism, and it dramatically lowered plasma hormone levels. Both pesticides targeted expression of genes involved in all three modes of action, suggesting that they each have multiple modes of action. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.05.003","issn":"0166445X","usgsCitation":"Garcia-Reyero, N., Barber, D., Gross, T., Johnson, K., Sepulveda, M.S., Szabo, N., and Denslow, N., 2006, Dietary exposure of largemouth bass to OCPs changes expression of genes important for reproduction: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 78, no. 4, p. 358-369, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.05.003.","startPage":"358","endPage":"369","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477523,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1892580","text":"External Repository"},{"id":210348,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.05.003"},{"id":237242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00dee4b0c8380cd4f975","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia-Reyero, Natalia","contributorId":43961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia-Reyero","given":"Natalia","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":26924,"text":"USArmy Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":417584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, D.S.","contributorId":34710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gross, T. S.","contributorId":95828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"T. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, K. G.","contributorId":29381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sepulveda, M. S.","contributorId":99918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Szabo, N.J.","contributorId":80871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Denslow, N. D.","contributorId":101606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Denslow","given":"N. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70028292,"text":"70028292 - 2006 - Perspectives on basaltic magma crystallization and differentiation: Lava-lake blocks erupted at Mauna Loa volcano summit, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-08T11:27:19","indexId":"70028292","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2588,"text":"LITHOS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Perspectives on basaltic magma crystallization and differentiation: Lava-lake blocks erupted at Mauna Loa volcano summit, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p id=\"\">Explosive eruptions at Mauna Loa summit ejected coarse-grained blocks (free of lava coatings) from Moku'aweoweo caldera. Most are gabbronorites and gabbros that have 0–26&nbsp;vol.% olivine and 1–29&nbsp;vol.% oikocrystic orthopyroxene. Some blocks are ferrogabbros and diorites with micrographic matrices, and diorite veins (≤2&nbsp;cm) cross-cut some gabbronorites and gabbros. One block is an open-textured dunite.</p><p id=\"\">The MgO of the gabbronorites and gabbros ranges ∼&nbsp;7–21&nbsp;wt.%. Those with MgO &gt;10&nbsp;wt.% have some incompatible-element abundances (Zr, Y, REE; positive Eu anomalies) lower than those in Mauna Loa lavas of comparable MgO; gabbros (MgO &lt;10&nbsp;wt.%) generally overlap lava compositions. Olivines range Fo<sub>83–58</sub>, clinopyroxenes have Mg#s ∼83–62, and orthopyroxene Mg#s are 84–63 — all evolved beyond the mineral-Mg#s of Mauna Loa lavas. Plagioclase is An<sub>75–50</sub>. Ferrogabbro and diorite blocks have ∼&nbsp;3–5&nbsp;wt.% MgO (TiO<sub>2</sub> 3.2–5.4%; K<sub>2</sub>O 0.8–1.3%; La 16–27&nbsp;ppm), and a diorite vein is the most evolved (SiO<sub>2</sub> 59%, K<sub>2</sub>O 1.5%, La 38&nbsp;ppm). They have clinopyroxene Mg#s 67–46, and plagioclase An<sub>57–40</sub>. The open-textured dunite has olivine ∼&nbsp;Fo<sub>83.5</sub>. Seven isotope ratios are <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr 0.70394–0.70374 and <sup>143</sup>Nd/<sup>144</sup>Nd 0.51293–0.51286, and identify the suite as belonging to the Mauna Loa system.</p><p id=\"\">Gabbronorites and gabbros originated in solidification zones of Moku'aweoweo lava lakes where they acquired orthocumulate textures and incompatible-element depletions. These features suggest deeper and slower cooling lakes than the lava lake paradigm, Kilauea Iki, which is basalt and picrite. Clinopyroxene geobarometry suggests crystallization at &lt;1&nbsp;kbar P. Highly evolved mineral Mg#s, &lt;75, are largely explained by cumulus phases exposed to evolving intercumulus liquids causing compositional ‘shifts.’ Ferrogabbro and diorite represent segregation veins from differentiated intercumulus liquids filter pressed into rigid zones of cooling lakes. Clinopyroxene geobarometry suggests &lt;300&nbsp;bar P. Open-textured dunite represents olivine-melt mush, precursor to vertical olivine-rich bodies (as in Kilauea Iki). Its Fo<sub>83.5</sub> identifies the most primitive lake magma as ∼8.3&nbsp;wt.% MgO. Mass balancing and MELTS show that such a magma could have yielded both ferrogabbro and diorite by ≥50% fractional crystallization, but under different fO<sub>2</sub>: &lt;&nbsp;FMQ (250&nbsp;bar) led to diorite, and FMQ (250&nbsp;bar) yielded ferrogabbro. These segregation veins, documented as similar to those of Kilauea, testify to appreciable volumes of ‘rhyolitic’ liquid forming in oceanic environments. Namely, SiO<sub>2</sub>-rich veins are intrinsic to all shields that reached caldera stage to accommodate various-sized cooling, differentiating lava lakes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.lithos.2006.03.005","issn":"00244937","usgsCitation":"McCarter, R.L., Fodor, R., and Trusdell, F., 2006, Perspectives on basaltic magma crystallization and differentiation: Lava-lake blocks erupted at Mauna Loa volcano summit, Hawaii: LITHOS, v. 90, no. 3-4, p. 187-213, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2006.03.005.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"213","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Mauna Loa volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { 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R.V.","contributorId":106638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fodor","given":"R.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trusdell, Frank A. 0000-0002-0681-0528 trusdell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0681-0528","contributorId":754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"Frank A.","email":"trusdell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028288,"text":"70028288 - 2006 - Petrology and chemistry of Permian coals from the Paraná  Basin: 1. Santa Terezinha, Leão-Butiá and Candiota Coalfields, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-20T09:36:44","indexId":"70028288","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrology and chemistry of Permian coals from the Paraná  Basin: 1. Santa Terezinha, Leão-Butiá and Candiota Coalfields, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil","docAbstract":"<p id=\"\">The current paper presents results on petrological and geochemical coal seam characterization in Permian coal-bearing strata from the Paran&aacute; Basin, southern Brazil. Sequence stratigraphic analysis shows that peat accumulation in Permian time was closely linked to transgressive/regressive cycles, with peat accumulation occurring in a predominantly back barrier/lagoonal setting.</p>\n<p id=\"\">Coal petrographic analysis indicates subbituminous coals at Candiota and Le&atilde;o-Buti&aacute; and high volatile bituminous coals at Santa Terezinha, where locally the coal seams are thermally altered by volcanic intrusions. Petrographic composition is highly variable, with seams at Candiota and Santa Terezinha frequently enriched in inertinite.</p>\n<p id=\"\">Chemical analyses indicate that all coals are mineral matter-rich (mean 49.09 wt.%), with SiO<sub>2</sub> and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> dominating as determined by ICP-AES. Quartz is also the predominant mineral detected by X-ray diffraction, where it is associated with feldspar, kaolinite and hematite and iron-rich carbonates. The results from Scanning Electron Microscopy are broadly consistent with the bulk chemical and mineralogical analysis. Quartz and clays are common in all samples analyzed. Other minerals observed were, amongst others, carbonates (calcite, siderite, ankerite), pyrite, monazite, kaolinite, barite, sphalerite, rutile and quartz of volcanic origin.</p>\n<p id=\"\">The distribution of trace elements is well within the range typical for coal basins of other areas despite the fact that the Paran&aacute; Basin coals are very high in ash yields. The average concentrations for elements of environmental concern (As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, U, V, Zn) are similar to or less than the mean values for U.S. coal. However, considered on an equal energy basis, Paran&aacute; Basin coals will produce in combustion 5 to 10 times the amount of most elements compared to an equal weight US coal.</p>\n<p id=\"\">Concentrations of major and trace elements, such as Fe, B and S, appear to be controlled by depositional setting, with increasing values in coal seams overlain by brackish/marine strata.</p>\n<p id=\"\">Hierarchical cluster analysis identified three groups of major minerals and seven groups of trace elements based on similarity levels. On a regional scale, the coalfields can be separated by the differences in rank (Candiota and Le&atilde;o-Buti&aacute; versus Santa Terezinha) and by applying discriminant analysis based on 4 trace elements (Li, As, Sr, Sb). Highest Rb and Sr values occur at Candiota and are linked to syngenetic volcanism of the area, whereas high Y and Sr values at Santa Terezinha can be related to the frequent diabase intrusions in that area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2005.10.006","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Kalkreuth, W., Holz, M., Kern, M., Machado, G., Mexias, A., Silva, M., Willett, J., Finkelman, R., and Burger, H., 2006, Petrology and chemistry of Permian coals from the Paraná  Basin: 1. Santa Terezinha, Leão-Butiá and Candiota Coalfields, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 68, no. 1-2 SPEC. ISS., p. 79-116, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.10.006.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"116","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236957,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210129,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.10.006"}],"volume":"68","issue":"1-2 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7819e4b0c8380cd7862d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkreuth, W.","contributorId":12255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkreuth","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holz, M.","contributorId":71376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holz","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kern, M.","contributorId":64438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kern","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Machado, G.","contributorId":76121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machado","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mexias, A.","contributorId":78530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mexias","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Silva, M.B.","contributorId":31189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Willett, J.","contributorId":54010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willett","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Finkelman, R.","contributorId":56812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Burger, H.","contributorId":86558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burger","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70028345,"text":"70028345 - 2006 - Recurrence of postseismic coastal uplift, Kuril subduction zone, Japan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028345","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recurrence of postseismic coastal uplift, Kuril subduction zone, Japan","docAbstract":"Coastal stratigraphy of eastern Hokkaido indicates that decimeters of coastal uplitt occurred repeatedly m the late Holocene. Employing radiocarbon dating and tephrochronology, we identify along a 100 km length of the Kuril subduction zone six uplift events since ???2,800 years B.P. Uplift events occur at the same frequency as unusually high tsunamis. Each coastal uplift event, which occurs on average every 500 years, is the product of decade-long post seismic deep slip on the down dip extension of the seismogenic plate boundary following an offshore multi-segment earthquake that generates unusually high tsunamis. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006GL026052","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Kelsey, H., Satake, K., Sawai, Y., Sherrod, B., Shimokawa, K., and Shishikura, M., 2006, Recurrence of postseismic coastal uplift, Kuril subduction zone, Japan: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 33, no. 13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026052.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210026,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026052"},{"id":236821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a360e4b0e8fec6cdb850","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelsey, H.","contributorId":84556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelsey","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Satake, K.","contributorId":53124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Satake","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sawai, Y.","contributorId":47510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sawai","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sherrod, B.","contributorId":98510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shimokawa, K.","contributorId":29614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shimokawa","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shishikura, M.","contributorId":27239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shishikura","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70028287,"text":"70028287 - 2006 - Seismic properties of Leg 195 serpentinites and their geophysical implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-02T15:24:27","indexId":"70028287","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5640,"text":"Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results","onlineIssn":"1096-7451","printIssn":"0884-5891","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"195","chapter":"11","title":"Seismic properties of Leg 195 serpentinites and their geophysical implications","docAbstract":"<p><span>Knowledge of seismic velocities is necessary to constrain the lithologies encountered in seismic studies. We measured the seismic velocities, both compressional and shear wave, of clasts recovered during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 195 from a serpentine mud volcano, the South Chamorro Seamount. The compressional wave velocities of these clasts vary from a lower value of 5.5 km/s to an upper value of 6.1 km/s at a confining stress of 200 MPa. The shear wave velocities vary from a lower value of 2.8 km/s to an upper value of 3.3 km/s at a confining stress of 200 MPa. The densities of the samples vary from 2548 to 2701 kg/m</span><sup>3</sup><span>. These velocities and densities are representative of the highly serpentinized harzburgite and dunite mineralogy of the clasts. Velocities from a seismic study of the Izu-Bonin forearc wedge were used to calculate the degree of serpentinization in the forearc wedge. The seismic velocities of the forearc wedge are higher than the velocities of the clasts recovered from the South Chamorro Seamount, suggesting that the clasts are more serpentinized than the forearc wedge.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University","publisherLocation":"College Station, TX","doi":"10.2973/odp.proc.sr.195.104.2004","usgsCitation":"Courtier, A.M., Hart, D.J., and Christensen, N.I., 2006, Seismic properties of Leg 195 serpentinites and their geophysical implications: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results 195, v. 195, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.195.104.2004.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"195","publicComments":"Volume topic: <i> Seafloor Observatories and the Kuroshio Current: covering Leg 195 of the cruises of the Drilling Vessel JOIDES Resolution, Apra Harbor, Guam, to Keelung, Taiwan, Sites 1200-1202, 2 March-2 May 2001</i>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b3be4b08c986b3176b4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shinohara, Masanao","contributorId":81468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shinohara","given":"Masanao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730064,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Salisbury, Matthew H.","contributorId":31463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salisbury","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730065,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richter, Carl","contributorId":27861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richter","given":"Carl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730066,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Courtier, Anna M.","contributorId":75393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Courtier","given":"Anna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, David J.","contributorId":67580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christensen, Nikolas I.","contributorId":95927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Nikolas","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":7001,"text":"Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":417401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028338,"text":"70028338 - 2006 - Breeding biology and success of a reintroduced population of the critically endangered Puaiohi (<i>Myadestes palmeri</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T13:00:26","indexId":"70028338","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding biology and success of a reintroduced population of the critically endangered Puaiohi (<i>Myadestes palmeri</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>The ultimate success of reintroduction programs for endangered species depends on the ability of reintroduced animals to breed in the wild. We studied the nesting success and breeding biology of a reintroduced population of Puaiohi (</span><i>Myadestes palmeri</i><span>) on the island of Kaua'i, Hawaii. Thirty-four captive-bred Puaiohi were released into the Alaka'i Swamp in 1999-2001 and monitored using radiotelemetry. Ten females and two males paired with wild and other released birds, including one polygynous trio. From March to September, 31 nests were built. Mean clutch size was 2.0 eggs, daily nest survival was 0.97 ± 0.01 (mean ± SE) and overall nest success was 0.40 ± 0.02. We confirmed predation, most probably by rats (</span><i>Rattus</i><span> spp.), as the greatest cause of nest failure, occurring at 38% of active nests with known fates, and causing the death of two nesting adult females. Ground-based rodent control proved ineffective at protecting nest attempts. Successful nests fledged an average of 1.4 young each (</span><i>n</i><span> = 10), and 85% of fledglings survived at least two weeks. Importantly, breeding behavior and success were comparable to those of wild Puaiohi. This is the first record of breeding in the wild from captive-bred endangered Hawaiian passerines. The ability of captive-bred Puaiohi to survive and breed successfully in the wild bodes well for future releases of this and other endangered passerines, but high predation rates on nests and nesting females highlights the importance of maintaining and restoring safe habitat for recovery.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[753:BBASOA]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Tweed, E., Foster, J., Woodworth, B., Monahan, W., Kellerman, J., and Lieberman, A., 2006, Breeding biology and success of a reintroduced population of the critically endangered Puaiohi (<i>Myadestes palmeri</i>): The Auk, v. 123, no. 3, p. 753-763, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[753:BBASOA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"753","endPage":"763","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477525,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[753:bbasoa]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f25de4b0c8380cd4b135","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tweed, E.J.","contributorId":35518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tweed","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foster, J.T.","contributorId":100502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodworth, B.L.","contributorId":88538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodworth","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monahan, W.B.","contributorId":59595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monahan","given":"W.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kellerman, J.L.","contributorId":82518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellerman","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lieberman, A.","contributorId":100102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lieberman","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70028470,"text":"70028470 - 2006 - A robust design mark-resight abundance estimator allowing heterogeneity in resighting probabilities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028470","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2151,"text":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A robust design mark-resight abundance estimator allowing heterogeneity in resighting probabilities","docAbstract":"This article introduces the beta-binomial estimator (BBE), a closed-population abundance mark-resight model combining the favorable qualities of maximum likelihood theory and the allowance of individual heterogeneity in sighting probability (p). The model may be parameterized for a robust sampling design consisting of multiple primary sampling occasions where closure need not be met between primary occasions. We applied the model to brown bear data from three study areas in Alaska and compared its performance to the joint hypergeometric estimator (JHE) and Bowden's estimator (BOWE). BBE estimates suggest heterogeneity levels were non-negligible and discourage the use of JHE for these data. Compared to JHE and BOWE, confidence intervals were considerably shorter for the AICc model-averaged BBE. To evaluate the properties of BBE relative to JHE and BOWE when sample sizes are small, simulations were performed with data from three primary occasions generated under both individual heterogeneity and temporal variation in p. All models remained consistent regardless of levels of variation in p. In terms of precision, the AICc model-averaged BBE showed advantages over JHE and BOWE when heterogeneity was present and mean sighting probabilities were similar between primary occasions. Based on the conditions examined, BBE is a reliable alternative to JHE or BOWE and provides a framework for further advances in mark-resight abundance estimation. ?? 2006 American Statistical Association and the International Biometric Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1198/108571106X129171","issn":"10857117","usgsCitation":"McClintock, B., White, G.C., and Burnham, K., 2006, A robust design mark-resight abundance estimator allowing heterogeneity in resighting probabilities: Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, v. 11, no. 3, p. 231-248, https://doi.org/10.1198/108571106X129171.","startPage":"231","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210193,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1198/108571106X129171"},{"id":237039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e564e4b0c8380cd46d26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McClintock, B.T.","contributorId":29108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClintock","given":"B.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burnham, K.P.","contributorId":63760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028286,"text":"70028286 - 2006 - Mussel dynamics model: A hydroinformatics tool for analyzing the effects of different stressors on the dynamics of freshwater mussel communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028286","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mussel dynamics model: A hydroinformatics tool for analyzing the effects of different stressors on the dynamics of freshwater mussel communities","docAbstract":"A model for simulating freshwater mussel population dynamics is presented. The model is a hydroinformatics tool that integrates principles from ecology, river hydraulics, fluid mechanics and sediment transport, and applies the individual-based modelling approach for simulating population dynamics. The general model layout, data requirements, and steps of the simulation process are discussed. As an illustration, simulation results from an application in a 10 km reach of the Upper Mississippi River are presented. The model was used to investigate the spatial distribution of mussels and the effects of food competition in native unionid mussel communities, and communities infested by Dreissena polymorpha, the zebra mussel. Simulation results were found to be realistic and coincided with data obtained from the literature. These results indicate that the model can be a useful tool for assessing the potential effects of different stressors on long-term population dynamics, and consequently, may improve the current understanding of cause and effect relationships in freshwater mussel communities. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.03.018","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Morales, Y., Weber, L., Mynett, A., and Newton, T., 2006, Mussel dynamics model: A hydroinformatics tool for analyzing the effects of different stressors on the dynamics of freshwater mussel communities: Ecological Modelling, v. 197, no. 3-4, p. 448-460, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.03.018.","startPage":"448","endPage":"460","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210102,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.03.018"},{"id":236921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"197","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60dfe4b0c8380cd71713","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morales, Y.","contributorId":47961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morales","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weber, L.J.","contributorId":79988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mynett, A.E.","contributorId":31188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mynett","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newton, T.J.","contributorId":104428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028279,"text":"70028279 - 2006 - CO2 jets formed by sublimation beneath translucent slab ice in Mars' seasonal south polar ice cap","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-19T09:54:04","indexId":"70028279","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"CO2 jets formed by sublimation beneath translucent slab ice in Mars' seasonal south polar ice cap","docAbstract":"<p>The martian polar caps are among the most dynamic regions on Mars, growing substantially in winter as a significant fraction of the atmosphere freezes out in the form of CO2 ice. Unusual dark spots, fans and blotches form as the south-polar seasonal CO2 ice cap retreats during spring and summer. Small radial channel networks are often associated with the location of spots once the ice disappears. The spots have been proposed to be simply bare, defrosted ground; the formation of the channels has remained uncertain. Here we report infrared and visible observations that show that the spots and fans remain at CO2 ice temperatures well into summer, and must be granular materials that have been brought up to the surface of the ice, requiring a complex suite of processes to get them there. We propose that the seasonal ice cap forms an impermeable, translucent slab of CO2 ice that sublimates from the base, building up high-pressure gas beneath the slab. This gas levitates the ice, which eventually ruptures, producing high-velocity CO 2 vents that erupt sand-sized grains in jets to form the spots and erode the channels. These processes are unlike any observed on Earth.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/nature04945","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Kieffer, H.H., Christensen, P.R., and Titus, T.N., 2006, CO2 jets formed by sublimation beneath translucent slab ice in Mars' seasonal south polar ice cap: Nature, v. 442, no. 7104, p. 793-796, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04945.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"793","endPage":"796","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"442","issue":"7104","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2d3e4b0c8380cd4b3e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kieffer, Hugh H.","contributorId":41137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christensen, Phillip R.","contributorId":18098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028278,"text":"70028278 - 2006 - A 16-year time series of 1 km AVHRR satellite data of the conterminous United States and Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T09:55:16","indexId":"70028278","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A 16-year time series of 1 km AVHRR satellite data of the conterminous United States and Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed a 16-year time series of vegetation condition information for the conterminous United States and Alaska using 1 km Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. The AVHRR data have been processed using consistent methods that account for radiometric variability due to calibration uncertainty, the effects of the atmosphere on surface radiometric measurements obtained from wide field-of-view observations, and the geometric registration accuracy. The conterminous United States and Alaska data sets have an atmospheric correction for water vapor, ozone, and Rayleigh scattering and include a cloud mask derived using the Clouds from AVHRR (CLAVR) algorithm. In comparison with other AVHRR time series data sets, the conterminous United States and Alaska data are processed using similar techniques. The primary difference is that the conterminous United States and Alaska data are at 1 km resolution, while others are at 8 km resolution. The time series consists of weekly and biweekly maximum normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) composites.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ingenta","doi":"10.14358/PERS.72.9.1027","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Eidenshink, J., 2006, A 16-year time series of 1 km AVHRR satellite data of the conterminous United States and Alaska: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 72, no. 9, p. 1027-1035, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.72.9.1027.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1027","endPage":"1035","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477448,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.72.9.1027","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236816,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c9cb2ee4b08400b1fdb6dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eidenshink, Jeff","contributorId":95156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eidenshink","given":"Jeff","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70028344,"text":"70028344 - 2006 - Peak flow responses to landscape disturbances caused by the cataclysmic 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-08T11:20:00","indexId":"70028344","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Peak flow responses to landscape disturbances caused by the cataclysmic 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"<p><span>Years of discharge measurements that precede and follow the cataclysmic 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington, provide an exceptional opportunity to examine the responses of peak flows to abrupt, widespread, devastating landscape disturbance. Multiple basins surrounding Mount St. Helens (300–1300 km</span><sup>2&nbsp;</sup><span>drainage areas) were variously disturbed by: (1) a debris avalanche that buried 60 km</span><sup>2</sup><span> of valley; (2) a lateral volcanic blast and associated pyroclastic flow that destroyed 550 km</span><sup>2</sup><span> of mature forest and blanketed the landscape with silt-capped lithic tephra; (3) debris flows that reamed riparian corridors and deposited tens to hundreds of centimeters of gravelly sand on valley floors; and (4) a Plinian tephra fall that blanketed areas proximal to the volcano with up to tens of centimeters of pumiceous silt, sand, and gravel. The spatially complex disturbances produced a variety of potentially compensating effects that interacted with and influenced hydrological responses. Changes to water transfer on hillslopes and to flow storage and routing along channels both enhanced and retarded runoff. Rapid post-eruption modifications of hillslope surface textures, adjustments of channel networks, and vegetation recovery, in conjunction with the complex nature of the eruptive impacts and strong seasonal variability in regional climate hindered a consistent or persistent shift in peak discharges. Overall, we detected a short-lived (5–10 yr) increase in the magnitudes of autumn and winter peak flows. In general, peak flows were larger, and moderate to large flows (&gt;</span><i>Q</i><sub>2 yr</sub><span>) were more substantively affected than predicted by early modeling efforts. Proportional increases in the magnitudes of both small and large flows in basins subject to severe channel disturbances, but not in basins subject solely to hillslope disturbances, suggest that eruption-induced modifications to flow efficiency along alluvial channels that have very mobile beds differentially affected flows of various magnitudes and likely played a prominent, and additional, role affecting the nature of the hydrological response.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B25914.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Major, J.J., and Mark, L.E., 2006, Peak flow responses to landscape disturbances caused by the cataclysmic 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 118, no. 7-8, p. 938-958, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25914.1.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"938","endPage":"958","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.96173095703125,\n              45.539060482134495\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.96173095703125,\n              46.81133924039194\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.52252197265626,\n              46.81133924039194\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.52252197265626,\n              45.539060482134495\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.96173095703125,\n              45.539060482134495\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"118","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a760de4b0c8380cd77ec9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mark, Linda E.","contributorId":177476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mark","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":417610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028334,"text":"70028334 - 2006 - Sediment distribution and transport across the continental shelf and slope under idealized wind forcing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-20T09:50:12","indexId":"70028334","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3194,"text":"Progress in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment distribution and transport across the continental shelf and slope under idealized wind forcing","docAbstract":"Resuspension, transport, and deposition of sediments over the continental shelf and slope are complex processes and there is still a need to understand the underlying spatial and temporal dynamical scales. As a step towards this goal, a two-dimensional slice model (zero gradients in the alongshore direction) based on the primitive flow equations and a range of sediment classes has been developed. The circulation is forced from rest by upwelling or downwelling winds, which are spatially uniform. Results are presented for a range of wind speeds and sediment settling speeds. Upwelling flows carry fine sediments (low settling speeds) far offshore within the surface Ekman layer, and significant deposition eventually occurs beyond the shelf break. However, coarser sediments quickly settle out of the deeper onshore component of the circulation, which can lead to accumulation of bottom sediments within the coastal zone. Downwelling flows are more effective at transporting coarse sediments off the shelf. However, strong vertical mixing at the shelf break ensures that some material is also carried into the surface Ekman layer and returned onshore. The concentrations and settling fluxes of coarse sediments decrease offshore and increase with depth under both upwelling and downwelling conditions, consistent with trends observed in sediment trap data. However, finer sediments decrease with depth (upwelling) or reach a maximum around the depth of the shelf break (downwelling). It is shown that under uniform wind conditions, suspended sediment concentrations and settling fluxes decay offshore over a length scale of order τ<sub>s</sub>/ρf|w<sub>s</sub>|, where τs is the wind stress, ρ the water density, f the Coriolis parameter, and ws is the sediment settling velocity. This scaling applies to both upwelling and downwelling conditions, provided offshore transport is dominated by wind-driven advection, rather than horizontal diffusion.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2005.07.003","issn":"00796611","usgsCitation":"Condie, S., and Sherwood, C.R., 2006, Sediment distribution and transport across the continental shelf and slope under idealized wind forcing: Progress in Oceanography, v. 70, no. 2-4, p. 255-270, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2005.07.003.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"270","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237204,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8985e4b08c986b316e06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Condie, S.A.","contributorId":80066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Condie","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherwood, C. R.","contributorId":48235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028254,"text":"70028254 - 2006 - Dynamics of viral hemorrhagic septicemia, viral erythrocytic necrosis and ichthyophoniasis in confined juvenile Pacific herring Clupea pallasii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T13:33:05","indexId":"70028254","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of viral hemorrhagic septicemia, viral erythrocytic necrosis and ichthyophoniasis in confined juvenile Pacific herring Clupea pallasii","docAbstract":"<p>Capture of wild, juvenile herring Clupea pallasii from Puget Sound (Washington, USA) and confinement in laboratory tanks resulted in outbreaks of viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS), viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN) and ichthyophoniasis; however, the timing and progression of the 3 diseases differed. The VHS epidemic occurred first, characterized by an initially low infection prevalence that increased quickly with confinement time, peaking at 93 to 98% after confinement for 6 d, then decreasing to negligible levels after 20 d. The VHS outbreak was followed by a VEN epidemic that, within 12 d of confinement, progressed from undetectable levels to 100% infection prevalence with &gt;90% of erythrocytes demonstrating inclusions. The VEN epidemic persisted for 54 d, after which the study was terminated, and was characterized by severe blood dyscrasias including reduction of mean hematocrit from 42 to 6% and replacement of mature erythrocytes with circulating erythroblasts and ghost cells. All fish with ichthyophoniasis at capture died within the first 3 wk of confinement, probably as a result of the multiple stressors associated with capture, transport, confinement, and progression of concomitant viral diseases. The results illustrate the differences in disease ecology and possible synergistic effects of pathogens affecting marine fish and highlight the difficulty in ascribing a single causation to outbreaks of disease among populations of wild fishes. ?? Inter-Research 2006.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao070201","issn":"01775103","usgsCitation":"Hershberger, P., Hart, A., Gregg, J., Elder, N., and Winton, J., 2006, Dynamics of viral hemorrhagic septicemia, viral erythrocytic necrosis and ichthyophoniasis in confined juvenile Pacific herring Clupea pallasii: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 70, no. 3, p. 201-208, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao070201.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487565,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao070201","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236990,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a043ae4b0c8380cd50874","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hershberger, P.","contributorId":64826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, A.","contributorId":104273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gregg, J.","contributorId":27662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elder, N.","contributorId":93230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elder","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winton, J.","contributorId":55627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028253,"text":"70028253 - 2006 - Delineating a shallow fault zone and dipping bed rock strata using multichannal analysis of surface waves with a land streamer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-25T09:59:29","indexId":"70028253","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Delineating a shallow fault zone and dipping bed rock strata using multichannal analysis of surface waves with a land streamer","docAbstract":"<p><span>The multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) seismic method was used to delineate a fault zone and gently dipping sedimentary bedrock at a site overlain by several meters of regolith. Seismic data were collected rapidly and inexpensively using a towed 30-channel land streamer and a rubberband-accelerated weight-drop seismic source. Data processed using the MASW method imaged the subsurface to a depth of about&nbsp;</span><span class=\"equationTd inline-formula\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; display=&quot;inline&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot;><mrow><mn>20</mn><mspace width=&quot;0.3em&quot; /><mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot;>m</mi></mrow></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-1\" class=\"math\"><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-2\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-3\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-4\" class=\"mn\">20</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-5\" class=\"mspace\"></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-6\" class=\"mi\">m</span></span></span></span></span><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">20m</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;and allowed detection of the overburden, gross bedding features, and fault zone. The fault zone was characterized by a lower shear-wave velocity&nbsp;</span><span class=\"equationTd inline-formula\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; display=&quot;inline&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot;><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-7\" class=\"math\"><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-8\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-9\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-10\" class=\"mo\">(</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-11\" class=\"msub\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-12\" class=\"mi\">V</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-13\" class=\"mi\">s</span></span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-14\" class=\"mo\">)</span></span></span></span></span><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">(Vs)</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;than the competent bedrock, consistent with a large-scale fault, secondary fractures, and in-situ weathering. The MASW 2D&nbsp;</span><span class=\"equationTd inline-formula\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot; display=&quot;inline&quot; overflow=&quot;scroll&quot;><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>s</mi></msub></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-15\" class=\"math\"><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-16\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-17\" class=\"msub\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-18\" class=\"mi\">V</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-19\" class=\"mi\">s</span></span></span></span></span><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">Vs</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;section was further interpreted to identify dipping beds consistent with local geologic mapping. Mapping of shallow-fault zones and dipping sedimentary rock substantially extends the applications of the MASW method.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.2227521","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Ivanov, J., Miller, R., Lacombe, P., Johnson, C., and Lane, J., 2006, Delineating a shallow fault zone and dipping bed rock strata using multichannal analysis of surface waves with a land streamer: Geophysics, v. 71, no. 5, p. A39-A42, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2227521.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"A39","endPage":"A42","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","city":"West Trenton","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.82603549957275,\n              40.25437660372649\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.80174541473389,\n              40.25437660372649\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.80174541473389,\n              40.27012860983725\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.82603549957275,\n              40.27012860983725\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.82603549957275,\n              40.25437660372649\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe60e4b0c8380cd4ece4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ivanov, J.","contributorId":107068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lacombe, P.","contributorId":96891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacombe","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, C. D.","contributorId":8120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lane, J.W. Jr.","contributorId":66723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"J.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028339,"text":"70028339 - 2006 - Effects of tributary debris on the longitudinal profile of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70028339","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of tributary debris on the longitudinal profile of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon","docAbstract":"The Colorado River in Grand Canyon has long been known as a \"rapids-and-pools\" river, with the rapids owing their existence primarily to tributary debris flows. The debris flows deposit subaerial debris fans that constrict the channel laterally and, when they enter the river, raise the bed elevation. The rapids are short-wavelength (???0.1 to ???1 km), small-amplitude (??????5 m) convexities in the river's longitudinal profile, arising from the shallow gradient in the upstream pool and the steep gradient through the rapid itself. Analysis of the entire longitudinal profile through Grand Canyon reveals two long-wavelength (???100 km), large-amplitude (15-30 m) river profile convexities: the eastern canyon convexity between river mile (RM) 30 and RM 80 and the western canyon convexity between RM 150 and RM 250. Convexities of intermediate scale are also identified in the longitudinal profile. These longer-wavelength, larger-amplitude convexities have strong spatial correlations with high rates of debris flow occurrence, high densities of Holocene debris fans, the largest debris fans along the river, and alluvial thicknesses of 10 m or more. River profile convexities are unstable and require an active and powerful geologic process to maintain them, in this case the abundant, frequent, and voluminous Holocene debris flow activity in Grand Canyon. At all wavelengths the most likely cause for these river profile convexities is Holocene aggradation of the riverbed beneath them, driven by the coarse particles of tributary debris flows. Large enough debris flows will slow river flow for kilometers upstream, causing it to drop much of its suspended load. Integrated over time and all of the tributary point source contributions, this process will build short-wavelength convexities into long-wavelength convexities. For most if not all of the Holocene the Colorado River has been dissipating most of its energy in the rapids and expending the remainder in transporting fine sediment through Grand Canyon, with little or no regional incision of bedrock.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2004JF000257","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hanks, T.C., and Webb, R.H., 2006, Effects of tributary debris on the longitudinal profile of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 111, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JF000257.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210378,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JF000257"},{"id":237276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0814e4b0c8380cd51974","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanks, Thomas C.","contributorId":35763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Thomas","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, R. H.","contributorId":13648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028329,"text":"70028329 - 2006 - Environmental contaminants and biomarker responses in fish from the Columbia River and its tributaries: spatial and temporal trends","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-03T16:56:06","indexId":"70028329","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental contaminants and biomarker responses in fish from the Columbia River and its tributaries: spatial and temporal trends","docAbstract":"<p>Fish were collected from 16 sites on rivers in the Columbia River Basin (CRB) from September 1997 to April 1998 to document temporal and spatial trends in the concentrations of accumulative contaminants and to assess contaminant effects on the fish. Sites were located on the mainstem of the Columbia River and on the Snake, Willamette, Yakima, Salmon, and Flathead Rivers. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio), black bass (Micropterus sp.), and largescale sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus) were the targeted species. Fish were field-examined for external and internal lesions, selected organs were weighed to compute somatic indices, and tissue and fluid samples were preserved for fish health and reproductive biomarker analyses. Composite samples of whole fish, grouped by species and gender, from each site were analyzed for organochlorine and elemental contaminants using instrumental methods and for 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro dibenzo-p-dioxin-like activity (TCDD-EQ) using the H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay. Overall, pesticide concentrations were greatest in fish from lower CRB sites and elemental concentrations were greatest in fish from upper CRB sites. These patterns reflected land uses. Lead (Pb) concentrations in fish from the Columbia River at Northport and Grand Coulee, Washington (WA) exceeded fish and wildlife toxicity thresholds (&gt; 0.4 ??g/g). Selenium (Se) concentrations in fish from the Salmon River at Riggins, Idaho (ID), the Columbia River at Vernita Bridge, WA, and the Yakima River at Granger, WA exceeded toxicity thresholds for piscivorous wildlife (&gt; 0.6 ??g/g). Mercury (Hg) concentrations in fish were elevated throughout the basin but were greatest (&gt; 0.4 ??g/g) in predatory fish from the Salmon River at Riggins, ID, the Yakima River at Granger, WA, and the Columbia River at Warrendale, Oregon (OR). Residues of p,p???-DDE were greatest (&gt; 0.8 ??g/g) in fish from agricultural areas of the Snake, Yakima, and Columbia River basins but were not detected in upper CRB fish. Other organochlorine pesticides did not exceed toxicity thresholds in fish or were detected infrequently. Total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs; &gt; 0.11 ??g/g) and TCDD-EQs (&gt; 5 pg/g) exceeded wildlife guidelines in fish from the middle and lower CRB, and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity was also elevated at many of the same sites. Temporal trend analysis indicated decreasing or stable concentrations of Pb, Se, Hg, p,p???-DDE, and PCBs at most sites where historical data were available. Altered biomarkers were noted in fish throughout the CRB. Fish from some stations had responded to chronic contaminant exposure as indicated by fish health and reproductive biomarker results. Although most fish from some sites had grossly visible external or internal lesions, histopathological analysis determined these to be inflammatory responses associated with helminth or myxosporidian parasites. Many largescale sucker from the Columbia River at Northport and Grand Coulee, WA had external lesions and enlarged spleens, which were likely associated with infections. Intersex male smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) were found in the Snake River at Lewiston, ID and the Columbia River at Warrendale, OR. Male bass, carp, and largescale sucker containing low concentrations of vitellogenin were common in the CRB, and comparatively high concentrations (&gt; 0.3 mg/mL) were measured in male fish from the Flathead River at Creston, Montana, the Snake River at Ice Harbor Dam, WA, and the Columbia River at Vernita Bridge, WA and Warrendale, OR. Results from our study and other investigations indicate that continued monitoring in the CRB is warranted to identify consistently degraded sites and those with emerging problems. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. 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