Remote cameras are used to study demographics, ecological processes, and behavior of wildlife populations. Cameras have also been used to measure snow depth with physical snow stakes. However, concerns that physical instruments at camera sites may influence animal behavior limit installation of instruments to facilitate collecting such data. Given that snow depth data are inherently contained within images, potential insights that could be made using these data are lost. To facilitate camera-based snow depth observations without additional equipment installation, we developed a method implemented in an R package called edger to superimpose virtual measurement devices onto images. The virtual snow stakes can be used to derive snow depth measurements. We validated the method for snow depth estimation using camera data from Latah County, Idaho, USA in winter 2020–2021. Mean bias error between the virtual snow stake and a physical snow stake was 5.8 cm; the mean absolute bias error was 8.8 cm. The mean Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency score comparing the fit of the 2 sets of measurements within each camera was 0.748, indicating good agreement. The edger package provides researchers with a means to take critical measurements for ecological studies without the use of physical objects that could alter animal behavior, and snow data at finer scales can complement other snow data sources that have coarser spatial and temporal resolution.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/wsb.1481","usgsCitation":"Strickfaden, K., Behan, M., Marshall, A., Svancara, L., Ausband, D.E., and Link, T., 2023, Virtual snow stakes: a new method for snow depth measurement at remote camera stations: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 47, no. 3, e1481, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1481.","productDescription":"e1481, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-132219","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487939,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1481","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":485350,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Latah County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.03577715081944,\n 46.809898641251436\n ],\n [\n -117.03577715081944,\n 46.61258277725639\n ],\n [\n -116.67664523501801,\n 46.61258277725639\n ],\n [\n -116.67664523501801,\n 46.809898641251436\n ],\n [\n -117.03577715081944,\n 46.809898641251436\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strickfaden, Kaitlyn M.","contributorId":354266,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strickfaden","given":"Kaitlyn M.","affiliations":[{"id":36394,"text":"University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":935330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Behan, Marnie L.","contributorId":354432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Behan","given":"Marnie L.","affiliations":[{"id":342,"text":"Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":935644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marshall, Adrienne M.","contributorId":354267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marshall","given":"Adrienne M.","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":935331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Svancara, Leona K.","contributorId":354268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Svancara","given":"Leona K.","affiliations":[{"id":62300,"text":"Idaho Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":935332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ausband, David Edward 0000-0001-9204-9837","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9204-9837","contributorId":275329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ausband","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":935333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Link, Timothy E.","contributorId":354269,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Link","given":"Timothy E.","affiliations":[{"id":36394,"text":"University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":935334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70262388,"text":"70262388 - 2023 - Landowner and biologist perceptions of game bird predators and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-17T15:55:47.287752","indexId":"70262388","displayToPublicDate":"2023-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landowner and biologist perceptions of game bird predators and management","docAbstract":"Nest survival has been identified as one of the most influential vital rates causing population change in game birds, and depredation, often influenced by habitat loss and fragmentation, is the primary cause of nest failure of upland game birds. We were interested in quantifying and comparing the perspectives of landowners and biologists in South Dakota regarding complex predator-prey interactions to improve communication and management efficacy. We developed a questionnaire regarding the following: 1) general attitude statements about game bird species; 2) perceived impacts of 9 factors (e.g., development, pollution, predators) and 13 potential predators on game bird abundances; and 3) attitude statements regarding use of lethal predator control and nesting habitat management practices. A cluster analysis using landowner attitude statements about predator management identified 3 landowner segments that had strong (most supportive; 37%), moderate (moderately supportive; 35%), or weak (least supportive; 28%) attitude statements about lethal predator control. Landowner segments most supportive and moderately supportive of predator control rated predators as the primary negative factor impacting game bird abundances and agreed that predators were the primary cause of game bird abundance declines, whereas the landowner segment least supportive of predator control rated habitat loss as the top factor and disagreed that predators were the primary cause of game bird declines. Biologists rated habitat loss as the top factor negatively impacting game bird abundances and disagreed that predators were the primary cause of game bird abundance declines. Thus, when considering the effectiveness of strategies to reduce nest depredation, most landowners focused on the direct cause of nest failures (predators), whereas biologists focused on an indirect cause (habitat loss). Perception differences among these groups emphasizes the need for better communication on proximate and ultimate factors affecting game bird populations and how these differences may impact management decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/wsb.1443","usgsCitation":"Fina, S., Gigliotti, L.M., Pearse, A., and Stafford, J.D., 2023, Landowner and biologist perceptions of game bird predators and management: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 47, no. 3, e1443, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1443.","productDescription":"e1443, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-129641","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481067,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1443","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":480738,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","county":"Faulk County, Hand County","otherGeospatial":"north-central South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-98.7249,45.2459],[-98.7184,45.2449],[-98.7209,45.1024],[-98.7186,44.8965],[-98.707,44.8959],[-98.7069,44.6348],[-98.7066,44.5481],[-98.7034,44.5481],[-98.6994,44.4354],[-98.7012,44.1979],[-98.8077,44.1979],[-98.8211,44.1986],[-98.9257,44.1976],[-98.9448,44.1982],[-99.0417,44.1971],[-99.0627,44.1982],[-99.1654,44.1974],[-99.1833,44.1967],[-99.2866,44.1959],[-99.2987,44.1964],[-99.2992,44.2397],[-99.302,44.5498],[-99.3123,44.5499],[-99.3132,44.8976],[-99.3287,44.8986],[-99.5728,44.8983],[-99.5743,45.0722],[-99.5719,45.1019],[-99.5751,45.2458],[-99.4735,45.2464],[-99.4515,45.2453],[-99.3414,45.2462],[-99.2177,45.2465],[-99.2054,45.2454],[-98.7249,45.2459]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Faulk\",\"state\":\"SD\"}}]}","volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fina, Samantha R.","contributorId":349107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fina","given":"Samantha R.","affiliations":[{"id":5088,"text":"SDSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gigliotti, Larry M. 0000-0002-1693-5113 lgigliotti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-5113","contributorId":3906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gigliotti","given":"Larry","email":"lgigliotti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":924015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pearse, Aaron T.","contributorId":349108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Aaron T.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":924016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stafford, Joshua D. 0000-0001-7590-8708 jstafford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7590-8708","contributorId":267260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"Joshua","email":"jstafford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":924013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70247995,"text":"sir20235047 - 2023 - Compound flood model for the lower Nooksack River and delta, western Washington—Assessment of vulnerability and nature-based adaptation opportunities to mitigate higher sea level and stream flooding","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-09T16:02:11.243737","indexId":"sir20235047","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-31T12:53:36","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-5047","displayTitle":"Compound Flood Model for the Lower Nooksack River and Delta, Western Washington—Assessment of Vulnerability and Nature-Based Adaptation Opportunities to Mitigate Higher Sea Level and Stream Flooding","title":"Compound flood model for the lower Nooksack River and delta, western Washington—Assessment of vulnerability and nature-based adaptation opportunities to mitigate higher sea level and stream flooding","docAbstract":"Higher sea level and stream runoff associated with climate change is expected to lead to greater lowland flooding across the Pacific Northwest. Increases in stream runoff that range from 20 to 32 percent by the 2040s and from 52 to 72 percent by the 2080s is expected to steadily increase flood risk. Flood risk is also expected to increase in response to the landward shift in high tides and storm surge, which will retard downstream conveyance. The combination of higher stream runoff, which is expected to drive greater fluvial sediment delivery to the coast, and more frequent, higher coastal waters relative to present-day (2023) levels, which will retard streamflow, is projected to cause more sedimentation across coastal and estuarine systems, exacerbating the flood risk. In the Nooksack River delta of western Washington, as in many Puget Sound deltas, resilient adaptation planning to mitigate impacts to community assets and infrastructure, nationally essential agricultural areas, and valued habitats and restoration investments that support endangered and threatened salmon recovery are underway but are in need of more informed projections of compound flood hazards.
A Delft3D Flexible Mesh hydrodynamic model was constructed and used to assess changes in the extent, frequency, and timing of flood exposure associated with higher sea level and stream runoff projected to occur in the 2040s and 2080s. The model was also used to evaluate the change in and potential mitigating effects to flood exposure associated with individual and cumulative salmon-habitat-restoration strategies. Model simulations also evaluated the sensitivity of sedimentation to the individual and cumulative effects of higher fluvial delivery, trapping by sea-level rise, and changes in hydrodynamics associated with the rerouting of flows by proposed restoration strategies. The model performed well, having mean absolute errors for water levels below 1 foot (0.3 meters) when tested during a 2-year period for two recent flood events of record, the February 2, 2020, “Super Bowl flood” and the January 8, 2009, stream flood, both of which caused substantial flooding and damage across the study area. Fluvial discharge was found to dominate flood hazard at higher elevations in the study area, whereas near the coast, sea-level rise is computed to turn a less extreme 2-year (50 percent annual exceedance probability [AEP]) bankfull streamflow, which, at present (2023), causes nuisance flooding, into a more extreme 5-year (20 percent AEP) and 10 percent AEP stream-flood event by the 2050s and 2100, respectively.
The February 2020 Super Bowl flood was calculated to be a 10-year or 10 percent AEP peak-flow event, and the January 2009 flood was calculated to be a 25-year (4 percent AEP) peak-flow event. Extreme events such as the February 2020 Super Bowl flood and the January 2009 flood caused extensive damage across the Nooksack River floodplain, and model computations predict these magnitudes of events would have notably greater effect in the 2040s and 2080s in response to higher projected sea level and stream runoff. The modeled January 2009 flood is predicted to transform into a flood event, causing flood exposure that is comparable to the 100-year or 1 percent AEP flood by the 2040s. The modeled January 2009 flood is also predicted to exceed the flood exposure of the recent November 16, 2021, flood, which caused substantial damage in the lower Nooksack River floodplain and restricted access for emergency-management efforts on important arterial roadways in the area; the measured peak discharge during the November 16, 2021, flood exceeded that of the January 2009 flood.
Two of several identified alternative strategies that reroute floodwaters to restore salmon habitat were projected to reduce exposure to the increasingly impactful 10 and 4 percent AEP stream-flood events through the 2080s. The effects of the suggested alternatives, however, were found to reduce flow velocities, promote additional sedimentation, and reduce flow conveyance in the main-stem Nooksack River, a concern to flood-management efforts, navigation, and fishing. The model also suggests that main-stem channel sedimentation is likely, given projected climate change. Higher stream runoff that increases fluvial-sediment delivery and higher sea levels that retard downstream flow are expected to lead to greater sedimentation. Lastly, the model was used to assess the sensitivity of flood exposure to the individual and cumulative effects of climate changes, alternative strategies, and sedimentation, including recently observed decadal-scale aggradation patterns. These results indicate that sediment is likely to continue to be a challenge to flood-management efforts and that nature-based alternatives that benefit ecosystem restoration may also mitigate flood exposure for several decades.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235047","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through Washington State Department of Fish and WildlifePacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2885 Mission St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
Herpesvirus infections of sturgeon pose a potential threat to sturgeon culture efforts worldwide. A new epitheliotropic herpesvirus named Acipenser herpesvirus 3 (AciHV-3) was detected in hatchery-reared Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens displaying skin lesions in central Canada. The growths were discovered in the fall, reached average prevalence levels of 0.2–40% and eventually regressed. No unusual mortality was observed. The cellular changes within the lesions included epithelial hyperplasia and were reminiscent of other herpesvirus infections. The virus was not evident in lesions examined by electron microscopy. Skin tissue homogenates from symptomatic sturgeon produced atypical cytopathic effects on a primary Lake Sturgeon cell line, and next-generation sequence analysis of the DNA samples revealed the presence of an alloherpesvirus. A new genotyping PCR assay targeting the major capsid protein sequence detected AciHV-3 in symptomatic Lake Sturgeon as well as other apparently healthy sturgeon species. Bayesian inference of phylogeny reconstructed with a concatenation of five alloherpesvirus core proteins revealed a new Alloherpesviridae lineage isomorphic with a new genus. The presence of AciHV-3 homologs in cell lines and sturgeon sequence datasets, low sequence divergence among these homologs and branching patterns within the genotyping phylogeny provide preliminary evidence of an endogenous virus lifestyle established in an ancestral sturgeon.
","largerWorkTitle":"Emerging infections in aquatic animals","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/pathogens12091115","usgsCitation":"Clouthier, S., Tomczyk, M., Schroeder, T., Klassen, C., Dufresne, A., Emmenegger, E.J., Nalpathamkalam, T., Wang, Z., and Thiruvahindrapuram, B., 2023, A new sturgeon herpesvirus from juvenile Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens displaying epithelial skin lesions: Pathogens, v. 12, no. 9, 1115, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12091115.","productDescription":"1115, 26 p.","ipdsId":"IP-154978","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442257,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12091115","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":420492,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Manitoba","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.28759320572811,\n 48.98205477467826\n ],\n [\n -95.07572434769403,\n 49.07031271021711\n ],\n [\n -95.1843918659909,\n 52.8984412868532\n ],\n [\n -89.06528809858986,\n 56.85577726933772\n ],\n [\n -90.83082461579636,\n 57.24628923157991\n ],\n [\n -92.27978727811632,\n 57.02311423605937\n ],\n [\n -93.42600371656945,\n 58.80328732297937\n ],\n [\n -94.54388785569745,\n 58.72642676191015\n ],\n [\n -94.70586377755109,\n 60.01132134606894\n ],\n [\n -102.00017657806876,\n 59.916965659359505\n ],\n [\n -102.02628368241909,\n 56.09507363975544\n ],\n [\n -101.28759320572811,\n 48.98205477467826\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clouthier, Sharon","contributorId":210029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clouthier","given":"Sharon","affiliations":[{"id":38053,"text":"Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Freshwater Institute, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N6, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tomczyk, Marek","contributorId":328964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tomczyk","given":"Marek","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78538,"text":"Manitoba, Agriculture & Resource Development Veterinary Diagnostic Services, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5S6, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schroeder, Tamara","contributorId":265647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Tamara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54748,"text":"Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N6, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klassen, Cheryl","contributorId":328965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klassen","given":"Cheryl","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78539,"text":"Manitoba Hydro, 360 Portage Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3C 0G8, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dufresne, Andre","contributorId":328966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dufresne","given":"Andre","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78540,"text":"National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Emmenegger, Eveline J. 0000-0001-5217-6030 eemmenegger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5217-6030","contributorId":2434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmenegger","given":"Eveline","email":"eemmenegger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nalpathamkalam, Thomas","contributorId":328967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nalpathamkalam","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78542,"text":"The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4; Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wang, Zhuozhi","contributorId":328968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Zhuozhi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78542,"text":"The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4; Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Thiruvahindrapuram, Bhooma","contributorId":328969,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thiruvahindrapuram","given":"Bhooma","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78542,"text":"The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4; Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70248002,"text":"sir20235095 - 2023 - Surrogate regression models estimating nitrate concentrations at six springs in Gooding County, south-central Idaho, 2018–22","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-12T21:18:37.918599","indexId":"sir20235095","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-31T09:35:05","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-5095","displayTitle":"Surrogate Regression Models Estimating Nitrate Concentrations at Six Springs in Gooding County, South-Central Idaho, 2018–22","title":"Surrogate regression models estimating nitrate concentrations at six springs in Gooding County, south-central Idaho, 2018–22","docAbstract":"Populations of endangered Banbury Springs limpet (Idaholanx fresti) and threatened Bliss Rapids snail (Taylorconcha serpenticola) are declining in springs north of the Snake River along the southern Gooding County boundary, in south-central Idaho. One hypothesis for the decline is that increased macrophyte growth, associated with elevated nitrate concentrations in the springs, is decreasing aquatic habitat for the limpet and snail populations. In support of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service efforts to understand the population declines, the U.S. Geological Survey developed surrogate regression models to estimate nitrate concentrations at six springs influenced by upgradient agriculture, which results in an increase and decrease each year of streamflow, specific conductance, and nitrate concentrations. The surrogate regression models use continuous specific conductance data and streamflow data (available at two springs from existing U.S. Geological Survey streamgages).
The spring surrogate regression models showed that specific conductance can be an effective surrogate for nitrate in springs affected by agriculture and that the model results improved when streamflow data were included. Four of the six springs had surrogate regression models (using specific conductance and day of the year as explanatory variables) that performed well based on model summary statistics, and these models improved further with the inclusion of streamflow as an explanatory variable. The surrogate regression models at four springs had coefficient of determination (R2) values ranging from 0.79 to 0.94. The root mean squared error of the four models ranged from 0.07 to 0.11 milligrams per liter. Two of the six springs were not well modeled, with adjusted R2 values of 0.15 and 0.80. The surrogate regression models for these two springs also did not meet the required assumption of linearity between explanatory and response variables for linear regression. The surrogate regression models show that specific conductance can be an effective surrogate for nitrate in springs affected by agriculture and that models are improved where streamflow data are included. These surrogates improve understanding of nitrate concentration variability in the springs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235095","usgsCitation":"Skinner, K.D., 2023, Surrogate regression models estimating nitrate concentrations at six springs in Gooding County, south-central Idaho, 2018–22: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5095, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235095.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 22 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-147907","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420343,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5095/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":420347,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5095/sir20235095.XML"},{"id":420346,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5095/images"},{"id":420345,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20235095/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2023-5095"},{"id":420344,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5095/sir20235095.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023-5095"},{"id":420348,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BXIBF9","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Surrogate regression model data for estimating nitrate concentrations at six springs in Gooding County, south-central Idaho"},{"id":501061,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_115234.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Gooding County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115,\n 42.9167\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 42.6\n ],\n [\n -114.6,\n 42.6\n ],\n [\n -114.6,\n 42.9167\n ],\n [\n -115,\n 42.9167\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Idaho Water Science Center
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Light pollution is a global phenomenon where anthropogenic light sources continue to grow unabated, affecting both social and ecological systems. This is leaving parks and protected areas as some of the last vestiges of naturally dark environments for protecting views of the night sky. Yet, even parks and protected areas have outdoor lighting. Alternative lighting practices are needed to reduce or prevent light pollution from within parks. However, making parks darker may not be desirable for some visitors if they believe it will reduce navigability, safety, or restrict how they recreate (e.g., requiring the use of red-light flashlights after dark and before dawn). How visitors will respond to alternative lighting practices that park managers can implement is still unknown. We used an on-site intercept survey at nine state and national park units in Utah, U.S., to investigate nighttime visitors' support or opposition to management actions to protect night sky quality and their interest in learning about topics related to night skies. Further, this study also segmented visitors into two groups: those ‘dependent’ on the dark sky as a resource and those whose activities did not depend on a dark sky. Defining what a ‘dark sky dependent’ visitor is, which has yet to be done in the literature, is a fundamental step to furthering night sky research and management efforts. Across nine parks and protected areas, 62% of nighttime visitors participated in dark sky dependent activities. Findings indicate broad support for management actions designed to improve night sky quality, with between 74% and 89% of all visitors supporting seven different management actions. There was stronger support from dark sky dependent visitors for some elements of alternative lighting practices, but there was still strong support for those who do not participate in dark sky dependent outdoor recreation. Additionally, between 57% and 75% of visitors were interested in learning more about topics related to night skies. This research indicates most visitors would welcome actions to preserve the quality of the rapidly dwindling naturally dark experiences offered by parks and protected areas.
We investigate the effects of site response on source parameter estimates using earthquakes recorded by the LArge-n Seismic Survey in Oklahoma (LASSO). While it is well known that near-surface unconsolidated sediments can cause an apparent breakdown of earthquake self-similarity, the influence of laterally varying site conditions remains unclear. We analyze site conditions across the 1825-station array on a river plain within an area of 40 km by 23 km using vertical ground motions from 14 regional earthquakes. While the source radiation pattern controls P-wave ground motions below 8 Hz, the surface geology correlates with P-wave ground motions above 8 Hz and S-wave ground motions at 2–21 Hz. Stations installed in alluvial sediments have vertical ground motions that can exceed three times the array median. We use the variation of ground motion of regional earthquakes across the array as a proxy for site effects. The corner frequencies and stress drops of local earthquakes (ML = 0.01–3) estimated using a standard single-spectra approach show negative correlations with the site-effect proxy, while the seismic moments show positive correlations. In contrast, the spectral-ratio approach effectively shows no correlation. The overall bias is small as expected for this relatively homogeneous structure; accurate estimation of site-related biases requires at least 30 stations. Correcting for site-related biases reduces the standard deviations of the source parameters by less than 13% of the total variations. Remaining variations are partially associated with source directivity and model misfits— as small earthquakes can have complex ruptures.
Research examining organic-matter hosted porosity has significantly increased during the last decade due to greater focus on understanding hydrocarbon migration and storage in source-rock reservoirs, and technological advances in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) capabilities. The examination of nanometer-scale organic-matter hosted porosity by SEM requires the preparation of exceptionally flat geologic samples beyond the abilities of traditional mechanical polishing, which can deform or otherwise obscure organic surfaces. To meet this demand, broad ion beam (BIB) milling was introduced as a sample preparation technique for SEM petrographic analysis of geologic samples. As with any sample preparation technique, there can be unintended consequences. In this study, we examined the development of nanometer-scale sputter-induced voids caused by BIB milling of thermoset plastic binder material [poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA] used for the mounting of geologic samples, and artifact sputter-induced voids in the organic matter of Green River Formation and Kimmeridge Clay Formation source rocks. Development of artifact sputter-induced voids was evaluated in relation to variations in the slope of the sample examination surface (0.0–4.9% slope), effectively varying the angle of ion incidence. The results indicate that only minor variations in the angle of ion incidence can generate sputter-induced voids in both PMMA (10.0–386.2 nm diameter sputter-induced voids) and sample sedimentary organic matter (solid bitumen; 12.2–103.6 nm diameter sputter-induced voids). Overall, average artifact pore diameters increased with increasing ion incidence angle within PMMA. Although sputter-induced voids within solid bitumen in the Green River Formation sample were only found in limited extent, the size of these void artifacts falls within the same size range as naturally occurring meso-macroporosity. That is, the pore-like artifacts could easily be misconstrued as naturally developed organic porosity, which is a major concern for SEM-based porosity evaluation methods. This study describes the factors that contribute to the creation of artifact sputter-induced voids, their distinguishing characteristics, and best practices for avoiding the creation of ion-induced artifacts.
Shelters are critical for many species as protection from predators and extreme temperatures. Successful conservation of reptiles requires understanding both shelter site requirements and availability. The Eastern Indigo Snake (EIS; Drymarchon couperi) is endemic to the southeastern U.S. and is federally listed. Recovery has focused on maximizing unfragmented landscapes, with less attention on fine-scale features such as shelter sites. In the northern EIS range, Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) burrows are used extensively for shelter. Although EIS in peninsular Florida often shelter in tortoise burrows, they also use other shelters where tortoise burrows are scarce or absent. Solely focusing EIS survey and management efforts where Gopher Tortoises are present may overlook occupied habitats and misallocate resources. We investigated the importance of different shelter sites in central Florida using data from radio-tracked EIS. We modeled the use of shelter categories as a function of sex, season, and habitat using Bayesian multinomial Generalized Linear Models. Results showed that EIS in peninsular Florida used Gopher Tortoise burrows across all seasons and habitats. Tortoise burrow use was highest in xeric habitats and lowest in mesic habitats where burrows are most and least abundant, respectively. There was less variability in shelter site use in disturbed habitats and flatwoods. Tortoise burrow use by EIS in the cool season across sexes and habitats in our study was much lower than in southern Georgia. Our results indicate that EIS are less dependent on Gopher Tortoise burrows in peninsular Florida and that suitable habitats with few or no tortoise burrows could still provide conservation value for EIS.
","language":"English","publisher":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","usgsCitation":"Bolt, M., Bauder, J.M., Legare, M., Jenkins, C., Rothermel, B., and Breininger, D., 2023, Eastern Indigo snake (Drymarchon couperi) shelter site use In peninsular Florida, USA, and implicatIons for habItat conservatIon: Herpetological Conservation and Biology, v. 18, no. 2, p. 362-373.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"362","endPage":"373","ipdsId":"IP-139825","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482919,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.herpconbio.org/contents_vol18_issue2.html","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"}},{"id":482920,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, 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Gavia immer (common loon) were negatively affected from the spill. The Open Ocean Trustee Implementation Group funded the project “Restoration of Common Loons in Minnesota” to restore common loons lost to the spill. Here, we report on activities conducted for this project in an eight-county region in Minnesota in calendar year 2022. We identified a subset of territories that were monitored in 2021 as focal territories (n=99) from which multiyear study inferences can ultimately be made. We monitored nonfocal territories on all study lakes as well. We conducted surveys from May 9 to August 12, 2022. At least 1 nest attempt was observed in 68 of 99 focal territories, and a second nest attempt after a failed initial attempt was observed in 17 focal territories. Chicks or other evidence of hatching was observed in 33 of 99 territories. Data collected in 2021 and 2022 for this project are presented in a U.S. Geological Survey data release (https://doi.org/10.5066/P9LA536E). We present no formal data analysis in this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231062","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and Minnesota Pollution Control Agency","usgsCitation":"Beatty, W.S., Fara, L.J., Houdek, S.C., Rabasco, R., Rettler, S., Rasmussen, E., Kenow, K.P., Gray, B.R., Yang, S., and Amoth, K., 2023, Restoration of Gavia immer (common loon) in Minnesota—2022 annual report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1062, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231062.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 5 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-151382","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420377,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2630 Fanta Reed Road
La Crosse, WI 54603
Several coastal ecosystems—most notably mangroves and tidal marshes—exhibit biogenic feedbacks that are facilitating adjustment to relative sea-level rise (RSLR), including the sequestration of carbon and the trapping of mineral sediment1. The stability of reef-top habitats under RSLR is similarly linked to reef-derived sediment accumulation and the vertical accretion of protective coral reefs2. The persistence of these ecosystems under high rates of RSLR is contested3. Here we show that the probability of vertical adjustment to RSLR inferred from palaeo-stratigraphic observations aligns with contemporary in situ survey measurements. A deficit between tidal marsh and mangrove adjustment and RSLR is likely at 4 mm yr−1 and highly likely at 7 mm yr−1 of RSLR. As rates of RSLR exceed 7 mm yr−1, the probability that reef islands destabilize through increased shoreline erosion and wave over-topping increases. Increased global warming from 1.5 °C to 2.0 °C would double the area of mapped tidal marsh exposed to 4 mm yr−1 of RSLR by between 2080 and 2100. With 3 °C of warming, nearly all the world’s mangrove forests and coral reef islands and almost 40% of mapped tidal marshes are estimated to be exposed to RSLR of at least 7 mm yr−1. Meeting the Paris agreement targets would minimize disruption to coastal ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41586-023-06448-z","usgsCitation":"Saintilan, N., Horton, B., Törnqvist, T., Ashe, E., Khan, N., Schuerch, M., Perry, C., Kopp, R.E., Garner, G., Murray, N., Rogers, K., Albert, S., Kelleway, J., Shaw, T., Woodroffe, C.D., Lovelock, C.E., Goddard, M., Hutley, L.B., Kovalenko, K., Feher, L., and Guntenspergen, G.R., 2023, Widespread retreat of coastal habitat is likely at warming levels above 1.5 °C: Nature, v. 621, p. 112-119, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06448-z.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"112","endPage":"119","ipdsId":"IP-147653","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488163,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06448-z","text":"Publisher Index 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University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":936215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ashe, Erica","contributorId":194112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ashe","given":"Erica","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":936216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Khan, Nicole","contributorId":120381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khan","given":"Nicole","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":936217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schuerch, Mark","contributorId":202872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schuerch","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36543,"text":"Cambridge Coastal Research Unit (CCRU) Department of Geography, University of","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":936218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Perry, Chris","contributorId":224306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perry","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40853,"text":"UE","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":936219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kopp, Robert E.","contributorId":193396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kopp","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":936220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Garner, Gregory","contributorId":287423,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garner","given":"Gregory","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61579,"text":"Rutgers Univ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":936221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Murray, Nicholas","contributorId":354712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murray","given":"Nicholas","affiliations":[{"id":40403,"text":"James Cook University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":936222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rogers, Kerrylee","contributorId":64151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rogers","given":"Kerrylee","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16754,"text":"University of Wollongong, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":936223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Albert, Simon","contributorId":354714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Albert","given":"Simon","affiliations":[{"id":12552,"text":"University of Queensland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":936224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Kelleway, Jeffrey","contributorId":149007,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelleway","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17618,"text":"Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":936225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Shaw, Timothy","contributorId":354716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaw","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[{"id":16631,"text":"Nanyang Technological University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":936226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Woodroffe, Colin D.","contributorId":78665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodroffe","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":936227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Lovelock, Catherine E.","contributorId":64787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovelock","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":936228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Goddard, Madeline","contributorId":354719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goddard","given":"Madeline","affiliations":[{"id":12877,"text":"Charles Darwin University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":936229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Hutley, Lindsay B.","contributorId":146566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hutley","given":"Lindsay","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":936230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Kovalenko, Katya 0000-0001-7363-212X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7363-212X","contributorId":270372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kovalenko","given":"Katya","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56155,"text":"Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota, Duluth","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":936231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Feher, Laura 0000-0002-5983-6190","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5983-6190","contributorId":221894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feher","given":"Laura","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":936232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":936233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21}]}} ,{"id":70249665,"text":"70249665 - 2023 - Estimating fat content in barred owls (Strix varia) with predictive models developed from direct measures of proximate body composition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-24T13:44:20.534571","indexId":"70249665","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-30T08:42:28","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3919,"text":"Conservation Physiology","onlineIssn":"2051-1434","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating fat content in barred owls (Strix varia) with predictive models developed from direct measures of proximate body composition","docAbstract":"Body condition indices and related metrics can help assess habitat quality and other ecological processes, and ideally, these metrics are based on measures of lipids directly extracted from the species of interest. In recent decades, barred owls (Strix varia) have become a species of conservation concern as they invaded older forests of the US Pacific Northwest, and caused population declines of the closely related and federally threatened northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina). A simple and effective measure of barred owl body condition could help to understand how habitat quality varies within their new range, which in turn can inform their management and other aspects of their ecology. Using 77 barred owl carcasses collected during experimental removals in Washington and Oregon, USA, we measured the amount of lipid in each specimen with proximate body composition analysis. We then fit and compared (with adjusted R2 values) alternative linear regression models to estimate the percent lipids in dry mass of the owls based on morphometric body condition indices, a qualitative fat score of subcutaneous breast fat, sex and the time of year females were collected (relative to egg production). Adjusted R2 values for all models ranged from 0.49 to 0.87, with the best model including mass divided by foot-pad length, fat score, sex and the time of year a female was collected. Most models generated comparable estimates of percent lipids at a population level and we provided correction factors to apply these models when used with live barred owls, allowing for site-specific comparisons of body condition among individuals inhabiting a diversity of environmental conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/conphys/coad069","usgsCitation":"Baumbusch, R.C., Dugger, K., and Wiens, D., 2023, Estimating fat content in barred owls (Strix varia) with predictive models developed from direct measures of proximate body composition: Conservation Physiology, v. 11, no. 1, coad069, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coad069.","productDescription":"coad069, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-139469","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442265,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coad069","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435202,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BY17SZ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Fat content and morphometric data in barred owls (Strix varia) in the Pacific Northwest"},{"id":422066,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baumbusch, Ryan C.","contributorId":331066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baumbusch","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":79110,"text":"Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dugger, Katie M. 0000-0002-4148-246X cdugger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-246X","contributorId":4399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"Katie","email":"cdugger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiens, David 0000-0002-2020-038X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2020-038X","contributorId":267230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiens","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70248336,"text":"70248336 - 2023 - Reanalysis ignores pertinent data, includes inappropriate observations, and disregards realities of applied ecology: Response to Huso and Dalthorp (2023)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-11T15:57:44.852952","indexId":"70248336","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-30T06:53:38","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reanalysis ignores pertinent data, includes inappropriate observations, and disregards realities of applied ecology: Response to Huso and Dalthorp (2023)","docAbstract":"1) We recently demonstrated efficacy of automated curtailment of wind turbines in reducing fatalities of eagles at a study site in Wyoming, USA. Huso and Dalthorp criticize our work, asserting that there are several ‘major errors’ that render our previous work as providing ‘no meaningful support’ for automated curtailment. As we show here, our data do indeed provide support for the efficacy of automated curtailment.
2) The purported major errors they identify include: having only 1 year of post-treatment data, having only one control and one treatment site, using the control site for inference, choosing an arbitrary demarcation date between the ‘before’ and ‘after’ periods, analysing the number, rather than the rate, of fatalities, and not including data they consider pertinent. These claims are unsupported because all result from misreading our study, ignoring realities of causal inference in field ecology, or are matters of preference.
3) Most importantly, we did not fail to include pertinent data and we provided sufficient criteria in the manuscript to explain inclusion of carcasses in our study. As stated in our previous study, the eagle carcasses we did not include were found either outside of search areas or incidentally, and thus did not meet criteria for inclusion. Further, Huso and Dalthorp present a standard for spatial and temporal replication that is inconsistent with their own recent work and many other studies in this field. Finally, their reanalysis of our data ignores the control site while including inappropriate data and thus is not suitable for inference.
4) We appreciate the unusually thorough critique of our work provided by Huso and Dalthorp. Despite the major errors in their argument, this discussion provides a platform for further evaluation of our original work.
5) Synthesis and applications. We show that incorporating control site data and using our a priori demarcation of before and after periods into Huso and Dalthorp's reanalysis returns meaningful support for automated curtailment. We also direct the reader to an updated analysis that uses components of the approach Huso and Dalthorp suggest, along with additional data and a number of other analytical improvements, to validate and strengthen our original conclusions.
As human development continues to expand, wildlife must relocate or adapt to survive. Many mammalian mesopredators, such as the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), have adapted to living alongside human development. Furthermore, top-down predation pressure may be altered in nuanced ways within the human environment. Species such as opossums may be shielded from predation by human development or behavioral changes in predators. Understanding how dominant and subordinate mesopredators co-exist across natural and developed areas will provide insight into how wildlife communities are structured. Our objective was to evaluate how opossum occupancy, abundance, and activity were associated with human development and the relative abundance of their predators. We used data from a nationwide camera trapping study, Snapshot USA, to estimate opossum occupancy, abundance, and activity. We related these measures to the surrounding landscape and urbanization variables. We found that opossum occupancy was positively associated with anthropogenic sound (a surrogate for human activity). Furthermore, opossums in heavily forested areas were more likely to be detected in locations with higher predicted anthropogenic sounds. In areas with a high density of human housing, opossum relative abundance increased when predator abundance increased. We also found opossums were strictly nocturnal and shifted their activity to earlier in the evening in the presence of high predator abundance. Our results suggest that humans and their urban development can have multidimensional impacts on opossum behavior and occurrence, and could facilitate changes in predator–prey dynamics. Future research should evaluate if the association of opossums with urban areas is due to human-subsidized resources or caused by reduced mortality from altered predator–prey dynamics.
The central Idaho metallogenic province hosts numerous mineral deposit types. These include Late Cretaceous precious-polymetallic vein deposits, amagmatic Paleocene–Eocene breccia-hosted gold-tungsten-antimony deposits, and Eocene mercury deposits in metasedimentary roof pendants and in Late Cretaceous granitoids. Hot-springs gold deposits in Eocene volcanic rocks are also included in the central Idaho province. New sensitive high mass-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) uranium-lead (U-Pb) ages for igneous rocks and for detrital zircon analyses of metasedimentary rocks along with geologic mapping clarify the geologic framework of the mineral deposits. This framework includes (1) structural controls for regional distribution of mining districts, (2) progressive structural development of individual districts, (3) regional sedimentary facies and their control of metals associations resulting in regional belts, and (4) influences of the several regional magmatic events.
In central Idaho, 15 mining districts form two clusters that are grouped about a 200-kilometer (km) long system of normal faults. The northwestern cluster is in the regional hanging wall west of large, west-side-down faults, and the mineral deposits are located along smaller faults and fractures that cut the regional hanging wall. The southeastern cluster is in the regional hanging wall east of a linked large east-side-down fault and along and controlled by related hanging wall faults. At the southern extent of the regional fault system, the Yellow Pine-Thunder Mountain districts span a nearly 24-km-wide, east-tilted crustal block of normal-fault dominoes, exposing original crustal depths from 5 to 10 km deep on the west in the Late Cretaceous to shallow-surface depths on the east in the Eocene.
Ore deposition in the northwestern district cluster was primarily Late Cretaceous and related to Idaho batholith plutons with only a single deposit related to a small Eocene intrusion; in the southeastern cluster, most deposits were initiated in the Late Cretaceous but with varying manifestations of overprinted Eocene mineralization activity. In the Yellow Pine-Thunder Mountain districts at the southern extent of the southern cluster, several mineralizing pulses occurred during hanging-wall collapse, such that (1) early deposits were multiply overprinted and (2) deposit depths, ages, and structural characteristics change progressively eastward. Originally deep-seated western Yellow Pine district deposits are Late Cretaceous viscoplastic mesothermal veins overprinted by Paleocene and Eocene breccia-hosted epithermal deposits. Central Yellow Pine district deposits contain early deeper vein systems but are primarily Paleocene and Eocene breccia-hosted epithermal deposits in Late Cretaceous plutonic rocks and Proterozoic–Paleozoic roof pendant rocks. Eastern district deposits are Eocene hot-springs-related deposits in the roof pendant. Thunder Mountain deposits farthest east are near-surface hot-springs deposits in Eocene volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks that overlie buried Cretaceous igneous and older roof pendant rocks.
The mining district clusters are sited across several northwest-striking paleostratigraphic belts that are exposed in roof pendants and are offset by the regional normal fault system. A northeastern belt is Mesoproterozoic strata associated with gold-silver-copper±cobalt deposits. A central belt of Neoproterozoic rocks is not associated with mineral deposits in the central Idaho mineral province. A southwestern belt composed of probable Paleozoic deep-water miogeoclinal slope rocks and late Paleozoic epicratonic basinal rocks is thin and narrowly exposed but associated with gold-silver-antimony-tungsten±mercury deposits. These metasedimentary rocks (and their metal associations) are parts of regional mineral belts in which metal endowments are related to particular sedimentary facies belts and their Cretaceous thrust-fault juxtaposition and where these features have proximity to Late Cretaceous or Eocene igneous rocks. Offset and preservation or erosional stripping of these facies belts, thrust plates, igneous settings, and the associated regional mineral belts were controlled by the sense and magnitude of displacements across the regional normal-fault system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1884","programNote":"Mineral Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Lund, K., Aleinikoff, J.N., and Holm-Denoma, C., 2023, Roles of regional structures and country-rock facies in defining mineral belts in central Idaho mineral province with detail for Yellow Pine and Thunder Mountain mining districts (ver. 1.1, September 2023): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1884, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1884.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 53 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-108495","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422432,"rank":6,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1884/pp1884.xml"},{"id":422431,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1884/images"},{"id":420574,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1884/versionHist.txt","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":500195,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_115237.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":420149,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P931I3A3","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"SHRIMP U-Pb and LA-ICPMS U-Pb geochronologic data for igneous and metasedimentary rocks in central Idaho mineral province, U.S.A., 2023"},{"id":420146,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1884/pp1884.pdf","text":"Report","size":"19.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP 1884"},{"id":420145,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1884/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":422433,"rank":7,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp1884/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"PP 1884"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Yellow Pine and Thunder Mountain Mining Districts","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.00,\n 47.00\n ],\n [\n -117.00,\n 43.00\n ],\n [\n -112.00,\n 43.00\n ],\n [\n -112.00,\n 47.00\n ],\n [\n -117.00,\n 47.00\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: August 29, 2023; Version 1.1: September 6, 2023","contact":"Center Director, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 973
Denver, CO 80225
Restoring degraded river systems is an enormous challenge, especially given the uncertainty in a time of climate change. Here, Roy Petrakis explains how restoration approaches informed by remote sensing and a climate adaptation framework increase the potential for overall success. He discusses research being done on the Gila River as a case study of how it might work.
","language":"English","publisher":"Global Water Forum","usgsCitation":"Petrakis, R., 2023, Riparian vegetation response amid variable climate conditions across the Upper Gila River watershed: informing Tribal restoration priorities: Global Water Forum, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-155917","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421077,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":421045,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.globalwaterforum.org/2023/08/29/riparian-vegetation-response-amid-variable-climate-conditions-across-the-upper-gila-river-watershed-informing-tribal-restoration-priorities/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Upper Gila River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.2150413407472,\n 33.921819242248176\n ],\n [\n -112.15304164609323,\n 32.62606143590165\n ],\n [\n -107.9990621042783,\n 32.10231560964455\n ],\n [\n -107.9990621042783,\n 33.880663865600326\n ],\n [\n -112.2150413407472,\n 33.921819242248176\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petrakis, Roy E. 0000-0001-8932-077X rpetrakis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8932-077X","contributorId":174623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petrakis","given":"Roy","email":"rpetrakis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":883808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70247959,"text":"70247959 - 2023 - Improvements and evaluation of the agro-hydrologic VegET model for large-area water budget analysis and drought monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-29T14:48:08.706864","indexId":"70247959","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-29T09:26:17","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10778,"text":"Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improvements and evaluation of the agro-hydrologic VegET model for large-area water budget analysis and drought monitoring","docAbstract":"We enhanced the agro-hydrologic VegET model to include snow accumulation and melt processes and the separation of runoff into surface runoff and deep drainage. Driven by global weather datasets and parameterized by land surface phenology (LSP), the enhanced VegET model was implemented in the cloud to simulate daily soil moisture (SM), actual evapotranspiration (ETa), and runoff (R) for the conterminous United States (CONUS) and the Greater Horn of Africa (GHA). Evaluation of the VegET model with independent data showed satisfactory performance, capturing the temporal variability of SM (Pearson correlation r: 0.22–0.97), snowpack (r: 0.86–0.88), ETa (r: 0.41–0.97), and spatial variability of R (r: 0.81–0.90). Absolute magnitudes showed some biases, indicating the need of calibrating the model for water budget analysis. The seasonal Landscape Water Requirement Satisfaction Index (L-WRSI) for CONUS and GHA showed realistic depictions of drought hazard extent and severity, indicating the usefulness of the L-WRSI for the convergence of an evidence toolkit used by the Famine Early Warning System Network to monitor potential food insecurity conditions in different parts of the world. Using projected weather datasets and landcover-based LSP, the VegET model can be used not only for global monitoring of drought conditions, but also for evaluating scenarios on the effect of a changing climate and land cover on agriculture and water resources.
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Inc., Contractor to the USGS EROS Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Khand, Kul Bikram 0000-0002-1593-1508","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1593-1508","contributorId":259185,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Khand","given":"Kul Bikram","affiliations":[{"id":52326,"text":"AFDS, Contractor to USGS ERSOS Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boiko, Olena 0000-0002-2007-7852","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-7852","contributorId":272079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boiko","given":"Olena","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":56343,"text":"KBR, Contractor to USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Velpuri, Naga Manohar 0000-0002-6370-1926","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-1926","contributorId":222983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Velpuri","given":"Naga Manohar","affiliations":[{"id":40633,"text":"CIGAR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70247956,"text":"70247956 - 2023 - Methane pore accessibility, densification, and accommodation by organic matter in the Niobrara Formation at wet-gas thermal maturity conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-06T16:38:03.899689","indexId":"70247956","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-29T08:51:17","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methane pore accessibility, densification, and accommodation by organic matter in the Niobrara Formation at wet-gas thermal maturity conditions","docAbstract":"Petroleum within unconventional source-rock reservoirs is hosted in organic matter and mineral pore space as well as in voids and microfractures. Recent work has shown that for source-rock reservoirs in the dry gas window, significant portions of methane (CH4), the main component of petroleum at elevated maturities, can be stored within fine (<5 nm) organic matter porosity. However, within reservoirs at lower thermal maturities (e.g., peak oil or wet-gas conditions), the distribution and behavior of CH4 and the higher alkanes that comprise gas condensates across pore sizes is unclear, especially for pores with diameters <50 nm. Understanding CH4 distribution within these settings provides insight for petroleum generation, movement, and recoverability, ultimately enabling increased accuracy of estimated ultimate recovery. Here wide Q-range total neutron scattering was used to evaluate perdeuterated methane (CD4) behavior at reservoir pressures (200–750 bar) and temperature (60 °C) in a sample at the late oil/wet gas thermal maturity stage from the Late Cretaceous Niobrara Formation, an active petroleum producing formation within the Denver-Julesburg Basin, U.S.
Neutron scattering data show that mesopores within the Niobrara Formation sample exhibit mass fractal scattering, similar to previously measured U.S. marine shale samples. In the presence of CD4, scattering intensities between Q = 0.02–0.1 Å−1 (corresponding to nominal pore diameters from 25 to 5 nm, respectively) decrease with increased pressure up to 750 bar where at least 80% of all pores with ~25 nm diameters are CD4 accessible. In contrast, between Q = 0.1–1 Å−1 (corresponding to nominal pore diameters from 5 to 0.5 nm, respectively), scattering intensity initially increased at the lowest CD4 pressure tested (200 bar) before decreasing with increasing pressure. These signal fluctuations with CD4 pressure are interpreted to arise from the creation of pores with diameters <5 nm, likely through deformation of solid bitumen by supercritical CD4, and/or the incorporation of CD4 within sample organic matter. This new porosity represents an increase of at least ~8% in available pore volume within the sample, although the majority of these pores do not persist following removal of CD4. Additionally, there is strong evidence for densification of CD4 within the sample indicated by a shift in the CD4 intermolecular scattering peak to higher Q-values compared to bulk CD4. These results provide insight into fluid properties within source-rock reservoirs at late oil/wet gas thermal maturities, especially as they relate to organic porosity interconnectivity, and are discussed with perspective toward pressure management of gas condensate wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2023.104349","usgsCitation":"Jubb, A., Ruppert, L., Youngs, T.G., Headen, T., Birdwell, J.E., Cheshire, M., and Stokes, M., 2023, Methane pore accessibility, densification, and accommodation by organic matter in the Niobrara Formation at wet-gas thermal maturity conditions: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 277, 104349, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2023.104349.","productDescription":"104349, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-154727","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442277,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2023.104349","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":420235,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Denver-Julesburg Basin, Niobrara Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.02880665370498,\n 42.072937510618914\n ],\n [\n -106.02880665370498,\n 38.95504946256716\n ],\n [\n -100.78377317259927,\n 38.95504946256716\n ],\n [\n -100.78377317259927,\n 42.072937510618914\n ],\n [\n -106.02880665370498,\n 42.072937510618914\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"277","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jubb, Aaron M. 0000-0001-6875-1079","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-1079","contributorId":201978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jubb","given":"Aaron M.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruppert, Leslie F. 0000-0002-7453-1061","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7453-1061","contributorId":242600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"Leslie F.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Youngs, Tristan G. 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A.","affiliations":[{"id":36465,"text":"Disordered Materials Group (ISIS), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, U.K.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Headen, Tom","contributorId":328770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Headen","given":"Tom","affiliations":[{"id":78486,"text":"ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Birdwell, Justin E. 0000-0001-8263-1452 jbirdwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-1452","contributorId":3302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdwell","given":"Justin","email":"jbirdwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cheshire, Michael","contributorId":328771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheshire","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78487,"text":"Chevron Technology Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stokes, Martha 0000-0002-2838-8380","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2838-8380","contributorId":269608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stokes","given":"Martha","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70247962,"text":"70247962 - 2023 - Exploring the interior of Europa with the Europa Clipper","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-29T13:48:55.146919","indexId":"70247962","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-29T08:36:12","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3454,"text":"Space Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploring the interior of Europa with the Europa Clipper","docAbstract":"The Galileo mission to Jupiter revealed that Europa is an ocean world. The Galileo magnetometer experiment in particular provided strong evidence for a salty subsurface ocean beneath the ice shell, likely in contact with the rocky core. Within the ice shell and ocean, a number of tectonic and geodynamic processes may operate today or have operated at some point in the past, including solid ice convection, diapirism, subsumption, and interstitial lake formation.
The science objectives of the Europa Clipper mission include the characterization of Europa’s interior; confirmation of the presence of a subsurface ocean; identification of constraints on the depth to this ocean, and on its salinity and thickness; and determination of processes of material exchange between the surface, ice shell, and ocean.
Three broad categories of investigation are planned to interrogate different aspects of the subsurface structure and properties of the ice shell and ocean: magnetic induction, subsurface radar sounding, and tidal deformation. These investigations are supplemented by several auxiliary measurements. Alone, each of these investigations will reveal unique information. Together, the synergy between these investigations will expose the secrets of the Europan interior in unprecedented detail, an essential step in evaluating the habitability of this ocean world.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11214-023-00990-y","usgsCitation":"Roberts, J., McKinnon, W., Elder, C., Tobie, G., Biersteker, J., Young, D., Park, R., Steinbrugge, G., Nimmo, F., Howell, S., Castillo-Rogez, J., Cable, M., Abrahams, J., Bland, M.T., Chivers, C., Cochrane, C., Dombard, A., Ernst, C.M., Genova, A., Gerekos, C., Glein, C.R., Harris, C., Hay, H., Hayne, P.O., Hedman, M., Hussmann, H., Jia, X., Khurana, K., Kiefer, W., Kirk, R.L., Kivelson, M., Lawrence, J.D., Leonard, E.J., Lunine, J., Mazarico, E., McCord, T.B., McEwen, A.S., Paty, C., Quick, L., Raymond, C.A., Retherford, K., Roth, L., Rymer, A., Saur, J., Scanlan, K., Schroeder, D., Senske, D., Shao, W., Soderlund, K., Spiers, E., Styczinski, M., Tortora, P., Vance, S., Villarreal, M., Weiss, B., Westlake, J., Withers, P., Wolfenbarger, N., Buratti, B.J., Korth, H., Pappalardo, R., and Group, I.T., 2023, Exploring the interior of Europa with the Europa Clipper: Space Science Reviews, v. 219, 46, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-023-00990-y.","productDescription":"46, 44 p.","ipdsId":"IP-147851","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-023-00990-y","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":420231,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Europa","volume":"219","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, James","contributorId":328791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":78498,"text":"Johns Hoplins Applied Physics Lab","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKinnon, William 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by the spread of non-native invasive species. Many studies demonstrate that invasions reduce local biodiversity but we lack an understanding of how impacts vary across environments at the macroscale. Using ~11,500 vegetation surveys from ecosystems across the United States, we quantified how the relationship between non-native plant cover and native plant diversity varied across different compositions of invading plants (measured by non-native plant richness and evenness) and environmental contexts (measured by productivity and human activity).
Continental United States.
Surveys from 1990s-present.
Terrestrial plant communities.
We fit mixed effects models to understand how native plant richness, diversity and evenness varied with non-native cover. We tested how this relationship varied when non-native cover interacted with non-native plant richness and evenness, and with productivity and human activity.
Across the United States, communities with greater cover of non-native plants had lower native plant richness and diversity but higher evenness, suggesting rare native plants can be lost while dominant plants decline in abundance. The relationship between non-native cover and native community diversity varied with non-native plant richness and evenness but was not associated with productivity and human activity. Negative associations were strongest in areas with low non-native richness and evenness, characterizing plant communities that were invaded by a dominant non-native plant.
Non-native plant cover provides a first approximation of invasion impacts on native community diversity, but the magnitude of impact depended on non-native plant richness and evenness. Relationships between non-native cover and native diversity were consistent in strength across continental scale gradients of productivity and human activity. Therefore, at the macroscale, invasive plant impacts on native plant communities likely depend more on the characteristics of the invading plants, that is the presence of a dominant invader, than on the environmental context.
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Ines","contributorId":236833,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ibanez","given":"Ines","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":887639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Petri, Laís","contributorId":331416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petri","given":"Laís","affiliations":[{"id":37387,"text":"University of Michigan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Vilà, Montserrat","contributorId":331419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vilà","given":"Montserrat","affiliations":[{"id":64996,"text":"University of Sevilla","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Bradley, Bethany A. 0000-0003-4912-4971","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4912-4971","contributorId":299998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Bethany A.","affiliations":[{"id":64995,"text":"University of Massachusetts, Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70248868,"text":"70248868 - 2023 - Potential economic consequences along migratory flyways from reductions in breeding habitat of migratory waterbirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-03T16:34:21.911286","indexId":"70248868","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-29T07:17:48","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential economic consequences along migratory flyways from reductions in breeding habitat of migratory waterbirds","docAbstract":"The migration of species, often across continents, makes it difficult to quantify the cumulative effects of local- and regional-scale conservation actions. Further, variation in stakeholder interests, differing jurisdictional governance processes, priorities, and monitoring abilities across the migratory range shapes place-specific differences in management actions. These differences may lead management of migratory species to benefit both species and stakeholders in some places more than others. In the case of North American waterfowl, possible reduction of wetland protection in breeding areas may lead to substantive shifts in benefits among stakeholders across their range by adversely affecting recreational viewing and hunting opportunities for these species. To understand possible consequences of wetland loss in the U.S. Prairie Pothole Region, the breeding region for 12 focal species of waterfowl, on the recreation economics for these species, we modeled a causal pathway linking wetland loss in the breeding grounds to changes in duck abundance and then assessed the consequences of that change in abundance on recreational hunting and viewing within migratory flyways. Under a scenario where wetland protections cease, we find annual economic activity associated with recreation may decrease as much as \\$489 million at the highest levels of predicted wetland loss, the majority of it coming from impacts to viewing behavior in the Mississippi Flyway. The number of hunters may decline by as much as 18,000, leading to \\$32 million less in annual economic activity. At highest levels of wetland loss, viewing value is expected to decline by more than one-quarter. Lost economic value associated with reductions in recreation in the Mississippi and Central Flyway states is not likely to be overcome by increases in agricultural economic output in drained wetlands of the Prairie Pothole Region. Our analyses indicate local effects of national water policies likely have far-reaching consequences because of the multi-dimensional connections arising from place-specific differences in management action, global and national agricultural economic drivers of crop expansion, and the biotic phenomena of transcontinental avian migration. Reductions in habitat in one location could ramify to economic consequences throughout the continent through connections fostered by migrating waterfowl.
Assessing the ecological risk of contaminants in the field typically involves consideration of a complex mixture of compounds which may or may not be detected via instrumental analyses. Further, there are insufficient data to predict the potential biological effects of many detected compounds, leading to their being characterized as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Over the past several years, advances in chemistry, toxicology, and bioinformatics have resulted in a variety of concepts and tools that can enhance the pragmatic assessment of the ecological risk of CECs. The present Focus article describes a 10+- year multiagency effort supported through the U.S. Great Lakes Restoration Initiative to assess the occurrence and implications of CECs in the North American Great Lakes. State-of-the-science methods and models were used to evaluate more than 700 sites in about approximately 200 tributaries across lakes Ontario, Erie, Huron, Michigan, and Superior, sometimes on multiple occasions. Studies featured measurement of up to 500 different target analytes in different environmental matrices, coupled with evaluation of biological effects in resident species, animals from in situ and laboratory exposures, and in vitro systems. Experimental taxa included birds, fish, and a variety of invertebrates, and measured endpoints ranged from molecular to apical responses. Data were integrated and evaluated using a diversity of curated knowledgebases and models with the goal of producing actionable insights for risk assessors and managers charged with evaluating and mitigating the effects of CECs in the Great Lakes. This overview is based on research and data captured in approximately about 90 peer-reviewed journal articles and reports, including approximately about 30 appearing in a virtual issue comprised of highlighted papers published in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry or Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2506–2518. © 2023 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Mantle plumes originate at depths near the core−mantle boundary (~2,800 km). As such, they provide invaluable information about the composition of the deep mantle and insight into convection, crustal formation, and crustal recycling, as well as global heat and volatile budgets. In this Review, we discuss the effectiveness and challenges of using isotopic analyses of plume-generated rocks to infer mantle composition and to constrain geodynamic models. Isotopic analyses of plume-derived ocean island basalts, including radiogenic (Sr, Nd, Pb, Hf, W, noble gas) and stable isotopes (Li, C, O, S, Fe, Tl), permit determination of mantle plume composition, which in turn generate insight into mantle plume origins, dynamics, mantle heterogeneities, early-formed mantle reservoirs, crustal recycling processes, core−mantle interactions and mantle evolution. Nevertheless, the magmatic flux, temperature, tectonic environment and compositions of mantle plumes can vary. Consequently, plumes and their melts are best evaluated along a spectrum that acknowledges their different properties, particularly mantle flux, before making interpretations about the interior of the Earth. To provide insight into specific mantle and plume processes, future work should document correlations across elemental and isotopic data sets on the same sample powder, coordinate targeting sampling strategies, and refine stable isotopic fractionation factors through experiments. Such work will benefit from collaboration across geochemical laboratories, as well as among geochemists, mineral physicists, seismologists and geodynamicists.