Most of the northern half of Warren County is in the Northwestern Glaciated Plateau Section of the Appalachian Plateaus Physiographic Province. The remainder of the county is in the High Plateau Section. The glacial outwash sand and gravel hydrogeologic unit is the most extensively used unconsolidated unit for water supply in Warren County because it is capable of yielding large amounts of water to wells and it is situated in populated valleys. The median well yield for 47 specific-capacity tests was 25 gal/min (gallons per minute); well yields ranged from 2 to 1,600 gal/min. Acceptable well yields for domestic supply also are available from other unconsolidated hydrogeologic units including alluvium, colluvium, glacial drift, ice-contact stratified sand and gravel, and undifferentiated alluvium and glacial lacustrine. The median well yields during specific-capacity tests of wells in these five hydrogeologic units ranged from 8 to 18 gal/min.
A comparison of the median specific capacities for wells in the unconsolidated and bedrock hydrogeologic units indicates that wells completed in the outwash sand and gravel hydrogeologic unit had the highest median specific capacity of 6.0 (gal/min)/ft (gallons per minute per foot); specific capacities for wells completed in the outwash sand and gravel unit ranged from 0.14 to 300 (gal/min)/ft. For wells completed in the bedrock hydrogeologic units, their corresponding median specific capacities are Pottsville Group, 0.5 (gal/min)/ft; Shenango Formation, 0.44 (gal/min)/ft; Cuyahoga Formation, 0.24 (gal/min)/ft; Knapp Formation, 0.45 (gal/min)/ft; Corry Sandstone through Riceville Formation, 0.67 (gal/min)/ft; Riceville Formation, 1.5 (gal/min)/ft; Oswayo Formation, 0.07 (gal/min)/ft; Venango Formation, 1.0 (gal/min)/ft; and Chadakoin Formation, 0.71 (gal/min)/ft.
Annual precipitation at Warren for the years 1984-87 was above the long-term mean. The 4-year average of the annual hydrologic balance for 1984 indicated 40 percent of the precipitation was lost to evapotranspiration. Ground-water discharge, commonly defined as base flow, accounted for about 29 percent of precipitation, and surface runoff made up 31 percent. During 1984-87, ground-water discharge made up from 47 to 50 percent of total runoff or streamflow. In 1990, ground-water withdrawals made up only 1.3 percent [13.8 Mgal/d (million gallons per day)] of the total withdrawals for the county. However, ground water is the predominant source for domestic, municipal, and industrial water supplies in Warren County outside of the larger cities.
Wetlands act as natural transition zones between ground water and surface water, characterized by the complex interdependency of hydrology, chemical and physical properties, and biotic effects. Although field and laboratory demonstrations have shown efficient natural attenuation processes in the non-seep wetland areas and stream bottom sediments of West Branch Canal Creek, chlorinated volatile organic compounds are present in a freshwater tidal creek at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. Volatile organic compound concentrations in surface water indicate that in some areas of the wetland, preferential flow paths or seeps allow transport of organic compounds from the contaminated sand aquifer to the overlying surface water without undergoing natural attenuation. From 2002 through 2004, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Environmental Conservation and Restoration Division of the U.S. Army Garrison, Aberdeen Proving Ground, characterized preferential ground-water seepage as part of an ongoing investigation of contaminant distribution and natural attenuation processes in wetlands at this site. Seep areas were discrete and spatially consistent during thermal infrared surveys in 2002, 2003, and 2004 throughout West Branch Canal Creek wetlands. In these seep areas, temperature measurements in shallow pore water and sediment more closely resembled those in ground water than those in nearby surface water. Generally, pore water in seep areas contaminated with chlorinated volatile organic compounds had lower methane and greater volatile organic compound concentrations than pore water in non-seep wetland sediments. The volatile organic compounds detected in shallow pore water in seeps were spatially similar to the dominant volatile organic compounds in the underlying Canal Creek aquifer, with both parent and anaerobic daughter compounds detected. Seep locations characterized as focused seeps contained the highest concentrations of chlorinated parent compounds, relatively low concentrations of chlorinated daughter compounds, and insignificant concentrations of methane in shallow pore water samples. These seeps were primarily along the creek edge or formed a dendritic-like pattern between the wetland and creek channel. In contrast, seep locations characterized as diffuse seeps contained relatively high concentrations of chlorinated daughter compounds (or a mixture of daughter and parent compounds) and detectable methane concentrations in shallow pore water samples. These seeps were primarily along the wetland boundary. Qualitative thermal infrared surveys coupled with quantitative verification of temperature differences, and screening for volatile organic compound and methane concentrations proved to be effective tools in determining the overall extent of preferential seepage. Hydrologic and physical properties of wetland sediments were characterized at two focused and one diffuse seep location. In the seeps with focused discharge, measured seepage was consistent over the tidal cycle, whereas more variability with tidal fluctuation was measured in the diffuse seep location. At all locations, areas were identified within the general seep boundaries where discharge was minimal. In all cases, the geometric mean of non-zero vertical flux measurements was greater than those previously reported in the non-seep wetland sediments using flow-net analysis. Flux was greater in the focused discharge areas than in the diffuse discharge area, and all fluxes were within the range reported in the literature for wetland discharge. Vertical hydraulic conductivity estimated from seepage flux and a mean vertical gradient at seeps with focused discharge resulted in a minimum hydraulic conductivity two orders of magnitude greater than those estimated in the non-seep sediment. In contrast, vertical conductivity estimates at a diffuse seep were similar to estimates along a nearby line of section through a non-seep area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20065233","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Garrison, Aberdeen Proving Ground Environmental Conservation and Restoration Division, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","usgsCitation":"Majcher, E.H., Phelan, D.J., Lorah, M.M., and McGinty, A.L., 2007, Characterization of Preferential Ground-Water Seepage From a Chlorinated Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Aquifer to West Branch Canal Creek, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, 2002-04: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5233, viii, 193 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065233.","productDescription":"viii, 193 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122382,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2006_5233.jpg"},{"id":10157,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5233/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.36749999999999,39.266666666666666 ], [ -76.36749999999999,39.45 ], [ -76.11749999999999,39.45 ], [ -76.11749999999999,39.266666666666666 ], [ -76.36749999999999,39.266666666666666 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4e0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Majcher, Emily H.","contributorId":61109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Majcher","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phelan, Daniel J.","contributorId":51716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelan","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lorah, Michelle M. 0000-0002-9236-587X mmlorah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9236-587X","contributorId":1437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorah","given":"Michelle","email":"mmlorah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGinty, Angela L.","contributorId":95575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGinty","given":"Angela","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70212971,"text":"70212971 - 2007 - Nutrient chemistry, transformation and release in riparian groundwater seep discharge during the final meter of subsurface transport, Minnesota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-09T15:13:13.372752","indexId":"70212971","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-02T10:05:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3678,"text":"Verhandlugen Internationale Vereingung fur Limnologie","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nutrient chemistry, transformation and release in riparian groundwater seep discharge during the final meter of subsurface transport, Minnesota, USA","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/03680770.2008.11902161","usgsCitation":"Triska, F.J., Duff, J.H., Jackman, A.P., and Avanzino, R.J., 2007, Nutrient chemistry, transformation and release in riparian groundwater seep discharge during the final meter of subsurface transport, Minnesota, USA: Verhandlugen Internationale Vereingung fur Limnologie, v. 30, no. 3, p. 435-440, https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.2008.11902161.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"435","endPage":"440","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378103,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Shingobee River headwaters","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.95458984375,\n 46.37725420510028\n ],\n [\n -93.62548828125,\n 46.37725420510028\n ],\n [\n -93.62548828125,\n 47.82053186746053\n ],\n [\n -95.95458984375,\n 47.82053186746053\n ],\n [\n -95.95458984375,\n 46.37725420510028\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Triska, Frank J.","contributorId":88781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triska","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":797857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duff, John H. jhduff@usgs.gov","contributorId":961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"John","email":"jhduff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":797858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackman, Alan P.","contributorId":28239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackman","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":797859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Avanzino, Ronald J.","contributorId":24355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avanzino","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":797860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70212970,"text":"70212970 - 2007 - Radionuclides in soils, 1960–2006: A view from the World Congress of Soil Science","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-09T15:15:11.005073","indexId":"70212970","displayToPublicDate":"2007-09-02T09:56:19","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2263,"text":"Journal of Environmental Radioactivity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radionuclides in soils, 1960–2006: A view from the World Congress of Soil Science","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.11.004","usgsCitation":"Landa, E.R., and Uchida, S., 2007, Radionuclides in soils, 1960–2006: A view from the World Congress of Soil Science: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, v. 99, no. 6, p. 873-874, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.11.004.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"873","endPage":"874","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378102,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landa, Edward R. erlanda@usgs.gov","contributorId":2112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"Edward","email":"erlanda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":797855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Uchida, S.","contributorId":229599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Uchida","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41692,"text":"Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":797856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80257,"text":"sir20075134 - 2007 - Simulated effects of projected 2010 withdrawals on ground-water flow and water levels in the New Jersey coastal plain – A task of the New Jersey Water Supply Plan, 2006 revision","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-15T11:44:03.273292","indexId":"sir20075134","displayToPublicDate":"2007-08-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5134","title":"Simulated effects of projected 2010 withdrawals on ground-water flow and water levels in the New Jersey coastal plain – A task of the New Jersey Water Supply Plan, 2006 revision","docAbstract":"A ground-water flow model previously developed as part of a Regional Aquifer System Analysis (RASA) of the New Jersey Coastal Plain was used to simulate ground-water flow in eight major confined aquifers to help evaluate ground-water resources in support of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection's revision of the New Jersey State Water Supply Plan. This model was calibrated to 1998 steady-state and transient conditions. Withdrawals at wells in operation in 1998 were varied in three scenarios to evaluate their effects on flow directions, water levels, and water budgets in the confined aquifers. The scenarios used to predict changes in pumpage from 1998 to 2010 were based on (1) a continuation of 1990-99 trends in water use, (2) public-supply withdrawals estimated from county population projections, and (3) restricted withdrawals in Water-Supply Critical Areas. Total withdrawals in these three scenarios were approximately 366, 362, and 355 million gallons per day, respectively. The results of these simulations are used by New Jersey water-management officials to help address water-supply concerns for the State.\r\n\r\nIn the revision of the New Jersey State Water Supply Plan, the eight major confined aquifers of the New Jersey Coastal Plain and their outcrop areas are divided into 41 hydrologic budget areas (HBAs). Simulation results were used to assess the effects of changing ground-water withdrawals on water levels and the flow budgets in each budget area. Simulation results for each scenario were compared with 1998 (baseline) simulated water levels and flow budgets.\r\n\r\nThe 41 hydrologic budget areas are in areas of large ground-water withdrawals, water-level declines, and (or) saltwater-intrusion potential. Their boundaries are based on various hydrologic, geohydrologic, and withdrawal conditions, such as aquifer extent, location of the 250-milligram-per-liter isochlor, aquifer outcrop area, and ground-water divides. The budget areas include primarily the onshore, freshwater portions of the aquifers. A budget analysis was done for each of the hydrologic budget areas for each scenario. Ground-water withdrawals, leakage to streams, net leakage to overlying and underlying aquifers, lateral flow to adjacent budget areas, and the flow direction at the 250-milligram-per-liter isochlor were evaluated.\r\n\r\nAlthough three different methods were applied to predict future pumping rates, the simulated water levels for scenarios 1 and 2 were generally within 2 feet of each other in most areas in the confined aquifers, but differences of more than 2 feet occurred locally. Differences in values of flow-budget components between scenarios 1 and 2 as a percentage change from 1998 values were generally within 2 percent in most hydrologic budget areas, but values of some budget components in some hydrologic budget areas differed by more than 2 percent. Simulated water levels recovered as much as 4 feet more in northeastern Camden and northwestern Burlington Counties in the Lower Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer, and as much as 3 feet more in the same area in the Upper and Middle Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifers when pumpage restrictions were imposed in Critical Area 2 (scenario 3).\r\n\r\nIn the Wenonah-Mount-Laurel aquifer, water levels declined continually in Monmouth County (HBA 8) downdip from the outcrop (in Critical Area 1) from 1988 to 2010 in all three scenarios, although most of the water levels farther downdip from this area in Critical Area 1 are still recovering because of mandated reductions in pumpage in the 1990s. In the Englishtown aquifer system, water levels declined continually in small areas in HBA 13 in central Monmouth County (in Critical Area 1) and in western Monmouth County downdip from the outcrop from 1988 to 2010 in all three scenarios, although most of the water levels farther downdip from this area are still recovering because of the mandated reductions in pumpage.\r\n\r\nIn the Upper Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquif","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20075134","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Gordon, A.D., 2007, Simulated effects of projected 2010 withdrawals on ground-water flow and water levels in the New Jersey coastal plain – A task of the New Jersey Water Supply Plan, 2006 revision: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5134, x, 116 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075134.","productDescription":"x, 116 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10077,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5134/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":392871,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81666.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.5597,\n 38.9267\n ],\n [\n -73.9706,\n 38.9267\n ],\n [\n -73.9706,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -75.5597,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -75.5597,\n 38.9267\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602b7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gordon, Alison D. 0000-0002-9502-8633 agordon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9502-8633","contributorId":890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"Alison","email":"agordon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80250,"text":"sir20075102 - 2007 - Environmental Setting of the Granger Drain and DR2 Basins, Washington, 2003-04","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:23","indexId":"sir20075102","displayToPublicDate":"2007-08-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5102","title":"Environmental Setting of the Granger Drain and DR2 Basins, Washington, 2003-04","docAbstract":"The Granger Drain and DR2 basins are located in the Yakima River basin in south central Washington. These agricultural basins are one of five areas in the United States selected for study as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program Agricultural Chemicals: Source, Transport, and Fate Study. The Program is designed to describe water-quality conditions and trends based on representative surface- and ground-water resources across the Nation. The objective of the Agricultural Chemicals topical study is to investigate the sources, transport, and fate of selected agricultural chemicals in a variety of agriculturally diverse environmental settings. The Granger Drain and DR2 basins were selected for the Agricultural Chemicals topical study because they represent the irrigated agricultural setting that characterizes eastern Washington. These basins are located in one of the most productive agricultural areas in the United States. This report describes the environmental setting of the Granger Drain and DR2 basins in the context of how agricultural practices, including agricultural chemical applications and irrigation methods, interface with natural settings and hydrologic processes.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075102","usgsCitation":"Payne, K.L., Johnson, H.M., and Black, R.W., 2007, Environmental Setting of the Granger Drain and DR2 Basins, Washington, 2003-04: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5102, vi, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075102.","productDescription":"vi, 27 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10070,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5102/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","projection":"Albers","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.21666666666667,46.3 ], [ -120.21666666666667,46.5 ], [ -119.95,46.5 ], [ -119.95,46.3 ], [ -120.21666666666667,46.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6673af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Payne, Karen L. klpayne@usgs.gov","contributorId":3839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"Karen","email":"klpayne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":292092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Henry M. 0000-0002-7571-4994","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7571-4994","contributorId":105291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Black, Robert W. 0000-0002-4748-8213 rwblack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4748-8213","contributorId":1820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"Robert","email":"rwblack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80247,"text":"ofr20071238 - 2007 - Estimates of Monthly Ground-Water Recharge to the Yakima River Basin Aquifer System, Washington, 1960-2001, for Current Land-Use and Land-Cover Conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:20","indexId":"ofr20071238","displayToPublicDate":"2007-08-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1238","title":"Estimates of Monthly Ground-Water Recharge to the Yakima River Basin Aquifer System, Washington, 1960-2001, for Current Land-Use and Land-Cover Conditions","docAbstract":"Unique ID grid with a unique value per Hydrologic Response Unit (HRU) per basin in reference to the estimated ground-water recharge for current conditions in the Yakima Basin Aquifer System, (USGS report SIR 2007-5007). Total 78,144 unique values.\r\n\r\nThis grid made it easy to provide estimates of monthly ground-water recharge for water years 1960-2001in an electronic format for water managers, planners, and hydrologists, that could be related back to a spatially referenced grid by the unique ID.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071238","usgsCitation":"Vaccaro, J.J., and Olsen, T.D., 2007, Estimates of Monthly Ground-Water Recharge to the Yakima River Basin Aquifer System, Washington, 1960-2001, for Current Land-Use and Land-Cover Conditions: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1238, Raster Grid; Metadata; Monthly Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071238.","productDescription":"Raster Grid; Metadata; Monthly Files","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192240,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10067,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1238/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.53548,45.978280 ], [ -121.53548,47.599262 ], [ -119.17294,47.599262 ], [ -119.17294,45.978280 ], [ -121.53548,45.978280 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcbdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vaccaro, J. J.","contributorId":48173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaccaro","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsen, T. D.","contributorId":41463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80246,"text":"ds284 - 2007 - Selected micrometeorological, soil-moisture, and evapotranspiration data at Amargosa Desert Research Site in Nye County near Beatty, Nevada, 2001-05","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T10:35:24","indexId":"ds284","displayToPublicDate":"2007-08-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"284","title":"Selected micrometeorological, soil-moisture, and evapotranspiration data at Amargosa Desert Research Site in Nye County near Beatty, Nevada, 2001-05","docAbstract":"Selected micrometeorological and soil-moisture data were collected at the Amargosa Desert Research Site adjacent to a low-level radio-active waste and hazardous chemical waste facility near Beatty, Nevada, 2001-05. Evapotranspiration data were collected from February 2002 through the end of December 2005. Data were col-lected in support of ongoing research to improve the understanding of hydrologic and contaminant-transport processes in arid environments. Micrometeorological data include solar radiation, net radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, saturated and ambient vapor pressure, wind speed and direction, barometric pressure, precipitation, near-surface soil temperature, soil-heat flux and soil-water content. All micrometeorological data were collected using a 10-second sampling interval by data loggers that output daily and hourly mean values. Daily maximum and minimum values are based on hourly mean values. Precipitation data output includes daily and hourly totals. Selected soil-moisture profiles at depth include periodic measurements of soil volumetric water-content measurements at nine neutron-probe access tubes to depths ranging from 5.25 to 29.25 meters. Evapotranspiration data include measurement of daily evapotranspiration and 15-minute fluxes of the four principal energy budget components of latent-heat flux, sensible-heat flux, soil-heat flux, and net radiation. Other data collected and used in equations to determine evapotranspiration include temperature and water content of soil, temperature and vapor pressure of air, and covariance values. Evapotranspiration and flux estimates during 15-minute intervals were calculated at a 0.1-second execution interval using the eddy covariance method. Data files included in this report contain the complete micrometeorological, soil-moisture, and evapotranspiration field data sets. These data files are presented in tabular Excel spreadsheet format. This report highlights selected data contained in the computer generated data files using figures, tables, and brief discussions. Instrumentation used for data collection also is described. Water-content profiles are shown to demonstrate variability of water content with depth. Time-series data are plotted to illustrate temporal variations in micrometeorological, soil-water content, and evapotranspiration data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds284","usgsCitation":"Johnson, M.J., Mayers, C.J., Garcia, C.A., and Andraski, B.J., 2007, Selected micrometeorological, soil-moisture, and evapotranspiration data at Amargosa Desert Research Site in Nye County near Beatty, Nevada, 2001-05: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 284, Report: vi, 29 p.; 13 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds284.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 29 p.; 13 Appendices","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10066,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2007/284/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","city":"Beatty, NV","otherGeospatial":"Amargosa Desert Research Site","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.25,36 ], [ -117.25,37 ], [ -115.75,37 ], [ -115.75,36 ], [ -117.25,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa7f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Michael J. johnsonm@usgs.gov","contributorId":2282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michael","email":"johnsonm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayers, C. Justin cjmayers@usgs.gov","contributorId":94745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayers","given":"C.","email":"cjmayers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Justin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garcia, C. Amanda 0000-0003-3776-3565 cgarcia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3776-3565","contributorId":1899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"C.","email":"cgarcia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Amanda","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":292080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80240,"text":"tm6E2 - 2007 - OPR-PPR, a computer program for assessing data importance to model predictions using linear statistics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T10:37:27","indexId":"tm6E2","displayToPublicDate":"2007-08-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-E2","title":"OPR-PPR, a computer program for assessing data importance to model predictions using linear statistics","docAbstract":"The OPR-PPR program calculates the Observation-Prediction (OPR) and Parameter-Prediction (PPR) statistics that can be used to evaluate the relative importance of various kinds of data to simulated predictions. The data considered fall into three categories: (1) existing observations, (2) potential observations, and (3) potential information about parameters. The first two are addressed by the OPR statistic; the third is addressed by the PPR statistic. The statistics are based on linear theory and measure the leverage of the data, which depends on the location, the type, and possibly the time of the data being considered. For example, in a ground-water system the type of data might be a head measurement at a particular location and time. As a measure of leverage, the statistics do not take into account the value of the measurement. As linear measures, the OPR and PPR statistics require minimal computational effort once sensitivities have been calculated. Sensitivities need to be calculated for only one set of parameter values; commonly these are the values estimated through model calibration. OPR-PPR can calculate the OPR and PPR statistics for any mathematical model that produces the necessary OPR-PPR input files. In this report, OPR-PPR capabilities are presented in the context of using the ground-water model MODFLOW-2000 and the universal inverse program UCODE_2005.\r\n\r\nThe method used to calculate the OPR and PPR statistics is based on the linear equation for prediction standard deviation. Using sensitivities and other information, OPR-PPR calculates (a) the percent increase in the prediction standard deviation that results when one or more existing observations are omitted from the calibration data set; (b) the percent decrease in the prediction standard deviation that results when one or more potential observations are added to the calibration data set; or (c) the percent decrease in the prediction standard deviation that results when potential information on one or more parameters is added.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chapter 2 of Book 6. Modeling Techniques, Section E. Model Analysis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","doi":"10.3133/tm6E2","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Tonkin, M.J., Tiedeman, C.R., Ely, D.M., and Hill, M.C., 2007, OPR-PPR, a computer program for assessing data importance to model predictions using linear statistics: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-E2, viii, 115 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6E2.","productDescription":"viii, 115 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10059,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2007/tm6e2/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tonkin, Matthew J.","contributorId":26376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tonkin","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tiedeman, Claire R. 0000-0002-0128-3685 tiedeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0128-3685","contributorId":196777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiedeman","given":"Claire","email":"tiedeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ely, D. Matthew","contributorId":100052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80238,"text":"ofr20071240 - 2007 - Legacy mercury in Alviso Slough, south San Francisco Bay, California: Concentration, speciation and mobility","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-01T19:41:05.962082","indexId":"ofr20071240","displayToPublicDate":"2007-08-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1240","title":"Legacy mercury in Alviso Slough, south San Francisco Bay, California: Concentration, speciation and mobility","docAbstract":"Mercury (Hg) is a significant contaminant in the waters, sediment and biota of San Francisco Bay, largely resulting from extensive historic regional mining activities. Alviso Slough represents one of the most mercury contaminated waterways entering south San Francisco Bay, as it is associated with the drainage of the New Almaden mercury mining district. Wetland habitat restoration of former salt manufacturing ponds adjacent to Alviso Slough is currently being planned. One management scenario being considered is a levee breach between Alviso Slough and Pond A8, which will allow reconnection of the salt pond with the tidal slough. This action is projected to increase the tidal prism within Alviso Slough and result in some degree of sediment remobilization as the main channel deepens and widens. The focus of the current study is to assess: a) the current mercury species composition and concentration in sediments within the Alviso Slough main channel and its associated fringing marsh plain, b) how much of each mercury species will be mobilized as a result of projected channel deepening and widening, and c) potential changes in inorganic reactive mercury bioavailability (for conversion to toxic methylmercury) associated with the mobilized sediment fraction. The current report details the field sampling approach and all laboratory analyses conducted, as well as provides the complete dataset associated with this project including a) a quantitative assessment of mercury speciation (total mercury, reactive mercury and methylmercury), b) estimates of the quantity of sediment and mercury mobilized based on 20-foot and 40-foot levee wall notch scenarios, and c) results from a sediment scour experiment examining the changes in the reactive mercury pool under four treatment conditions (high / low salinity and oxic / anoxic water). Ancillary sediment data also collected and reported herein include bulk density, organic content, magnetic susceptibility, percent dry weight, grain size, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, core photography, and detailed lithographic descriptions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071240","usgsCitation":"Marvin-DiPasquale, M., and Cox, M.H., 2007, Legacy mercury in Alviso Slough, south San Francisco Bay, California: Concentration, speciation and mobility: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1240, vi, 99 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071240.","productDescription":"vi, 99 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192114,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10057,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1240/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":388750,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81621.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.728271484375,\n 37.87485339352928\n ],\n [\n -122.22290039062499,\n 37.33522435930639\n ],\n [\n -121.871337890625,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -121.981201171875,\n 37.68382032669382\n ],\n [\n -122.15698242187499,\n 38.004819966413194\n ],\n [\n -122.728271484375,\n 37.87485339352928\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a61d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark","contributorId":57423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, Marisa H.","contributorId":52146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Marisa","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80230,"text":"ofr20071135 - 2007 - Aquatic Community, Hydrologic, and Water-Quality Data for Apopka, Bugg, Rock, and Wekiva Springs, Central Florida, 1931-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:08","indexId":"ofr20071135","displayToPublicDate":"2007-08-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1135","title":"Aquatic Community, Hydrologic, and Water-Quality Data for Apopka, Bugg, Rock, and Wekiva Springs, Central Florida, 1931-2006","docAbstract":"This report summarizes aquatic community, hydrologic, and water-quality data collected or compiled by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for Apopka, Bugg, Rock, and Wekiva springs from October 1, 2005 to September 30, 2006. Aquatic community data are summarized for quarterly collections of benthic macroinvertebrates, and fishes collected during one sampling event per spring. Hydrologic data for each spring were compiled from the USGS, St. Johns River Water Management District, and a private landowner. Water-quality data collected by the USGS consisted of quarterly psysicochemical, chlorophyll-a, and pheophytin-a measurements; water-quality data were collected on the same days that the benthic macroinvertebrates were sampled.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071135","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the St. Johns River Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Walsh, S.J., and Kroening, S.E., 2007, Aquatic Community, Hydrologic, and Water-Quality Data for Apopka, Bugg, Rock, and Wekiva Springs, Central Florida, 1931-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1135, vi, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071135.","productDescription":"vi, 50 p.","temporalStart":"2005-10-01","temporalEnd":"2006-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1135/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":91232,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1135/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db67a0e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, Stephen J. 0000-0002-1009-8537 swalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1009-8537","contributorId":1456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Stephen","email":"swalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":292027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kroening, Sharon E.","contributorId":67868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroening","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80222,"text":"sir20075105 - 2007 - Water Resources of the Duck River Watershed, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:41","indexId":"sir20075105","displayToPublicDate":"2007-08-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5105","title":"Water Resources of the Duck River Watershed, Tennessee","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey began a study in 2003 in cooperation with the Tennessee Duck River Development Agency to assess the hydrology of the Duck River watershed from Normandy Dam downstream to Columbia, Tennessee. Ground-water-level data, spring-flow, bacteria samples, and streamflow were collected during this study to characterize the hydrology of the study area. The emphasis of this study was to characterize the temporal and spatial variability of the various components that make up streamflow in the Duck River in this study area.\r\n\r\nWater-level data from wells in the study area indicate a good hydraulic connection between the aquifer and the river, with little long-term storage of water following recharge events. Variations in spring flow and ground-water temperature at springs indicate that a large component of water issuing from springs has a short residence time in the aquifer for most of the springs monitored in the study area. Escherichia coli densities in samples collected from springs are similar to concentrations in samples from tributaries and the Duck River.\r\n\r\nBase-flow synoptic discharge measurements, flow-duration analysis of tributary streams, and streamflow accounting analysis indicate the portion of the watershed between Pottsville and Columbia yields more water than the portion between Shelbyville and Pottsville. Base-flow synoptic measurements show that Fountain Creek yields more water than other tributary basins in the study area, whereas base-flow synoptic measurements on the mainstem indicate that streamflow in the Duck River between Pottsville and Columbia could vary by 10 percent as the result of gaining and losing reaches. These results are applicable for average flow conditions that occurred during the study. Flow-duration analysis indicates that tributaries in this part of the watershed have a large component of ground-water contributing base flow. Streamflow accounting analysis for two periods of extended recession was used to determine the contributions of flow releases from Normandy Dam, tributaries, wastewater discharges, and ground-water discharge. The analysis indicated this same section of the mainstem of the Duck River between Pottsville and Columbia had as much as four times more ground-water discharge as sections upstream from Pottsville.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075105","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Tennessee Duck River Development Agency","usgsCitation":"Knight, R., and Kingsbury, J., 2007, Water Resources of the Duck River Watershed, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5105, vi, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075105.","productDescription":"vi, 46 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121046,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5105.jpg"},{"id":10042,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5105/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.83333333333333,35.333333333333336 ], [ -87.83333333333333,36.166666666666664 ], [ -85.91666666666667,36.166666666666664 ], [ -85.91666666666667,35.333333333333336 ], [ -87.83333333333333,35.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db68884e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knight, R.R.","contributorId":59063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kingsbury, J.A.","contributorId":21583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kingsbury","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80219,"text":"sir20075159 - 2007 - Re-Evaluation of the 1921 Peak Discharge at Skagit River near Concrete, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:21","indexId":"sir20075159","displayToPublicDate":"2007-08-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5159","title":"Re-Evaluation of the 1921 Peak Discharge at Skagit River near Concrete, Washington","docAbstract":"The peak discharge record at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) gaging station at Skagit River near Concrete, Washington, is a key record that has come under intense scrutiny by the scientific and lay person communities in the last 4 years. A peak discharge of 240,000 cubic feet per second for the flood on December 13, 1921, was determined in 1923 by USGS hydrologist James Stewart by means of a slope-area measurement. USGS then determined the peak discharges of three other large floods on the Skagit River (1897, 1909, and 1917) by extending the stage-discharge rating through the 1921 flood measurement. The 1921 estimate of peak discharge was recalculated by Flynn and Benson of the USGS after a channel roughness verification was completed based on the 1949 flood on the Skagit River. The 1949 recalculation indicated that the peak discharge probably was 6.2 percent lower than Stewart's original estimate but the USGS did not officially change the peak discharge from Stewart's estimate because it was not more than a 10-percent change (which is the USGS guideline for revising peak flows) and the estimate already had error bands of 15 percent. All these flood peaks are now being used by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to determine the 100-year flood discharge for the Skagit River Flood Study so any method to confirm or improve the 1921 peak discharge estimate is warranted.\r\n\r\nDuring the last 4 years, two floods have occurred on the Skagit River (2003, 2006) that has enabled the USGS to collect additional data, do further analysis, and yet again re-evaluate the 1921 peak discharge estimate. Since 1949, an island/bar in the study reach has reforested itself. This has complicated the flow hydraulics and made the most recent recalculation of the 1921 flood based on channel roughness verification that used 2003 and 2006 flood data less reliable. However, this recent recalculation did indicate that the original peak-discharge calculation by Stewart may be high, and it added to a body of evidence that indicates a revision in the 1921 peak discharge estimate is appropriate.\r\n\r\nThe USGS has determined that a lower peak-discharge estimate (5.0 percent lower) similar to the 1949 estimates is most appropriate based on (1) a recalculation of the 1921 flood using a channel roughness verification from the 1949 flood data, (2) a recalculation of the 1921 flood using a channel roughness verification from 2003 and 2006 flood data, and (3) straight-line extension of the stage-discharge relation at the gage based on current-meter discharge measurements. Given the significance of the 1921 flood peak, revising the estimate is appropriate even though it is less than the 10-percent guideline established by the USGS for revision. Revising the peak is warranted because all work subsequent to 1921 point to the 1921 peak being lower than originally published.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075159","usgsCitation":"Mastin, M.C., 2007, Re-Evaluation of the 1921 Peak Discharge at Skagit River near Concrete, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5159, iv, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075159.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10039,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5159/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6486d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, M. C.","contributorId":90782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":292002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70184326,"text":"70184326 - 2007 - Publishing our \"ugly babies”","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-11T18:41:56","indexId":"70184326","displayToPublicDate":"2007-08-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Publishing our \"ugly babies”","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00351.x","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, A.M., 2007, Publishing our \"ugly babies”: Ground Water, v. 45, no. 6, p. 655-655, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00351.x.","productDescription":"1 p. ","startPage":"655","endPage":"655","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2007.00351.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336952,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4f9e4b014cc3a3ba4f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, Allen M. 0000-0002-6425-9607 ashapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":2164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Allen","email":"ashapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80212,"text":"sir20075124 - 2007 - Assessment of hydrology, water quality, and trace elements in selected placer-mined creeks in the birch creek watershed near central, Alaska, 2001-05","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-13T16:28:46","indexId":"sir20075124","displayToPublicDate":"2007-08-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5124","title":"Assessment of hydrology, water quality, and trace elements in selected placer-mined creeks in the birch creek watershed near central, Alaska, 2001-05","docAbstract":"Executive Summary The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, completed an assessment of hydrology, water quality, and trace-element concentrations in streambed sediment of the upper Birch Creek watershed near Central, Alaska. The assessment covered one site on upper Birch Creek and paired sites, upstream and downstream from mined areas, on Frying Pan Creek and Harrison Creek. Stream-discharge and suspended-sediment concentration data collected at other selected mined and unmined sites helped characterize conditions in the upper Birch Creek watershed. The purpose of the project was to provide the Bureau of Land Management with baseline information to evaluate watershed water quality and plan reclamation efforts. Data collection began in September 2001 and ended in September 2005. There were substantial geomorphic disturbances in the stream channel and flood plain along several miles of Harrison Creek. Placer mining has physically altered the natural stream channel morphology and removed streamside vegetation. There has been little or no effort to re-contour waste rock piles. During high-flow events, the abandoned placer-mine areas on Harrison Creek will likely contribute large quantities of sediment downstream unless the mined areas are reclaimed. During 2004 and 2005, no substantial changes in nutrient or major-ion concentrations were detected in water samples collected upstream from mined areas compared with water samples collected downstream from mined areas on Frying Pan Creek and Harrison Creek that could not be attributed to natural variation. This also was true for dissolved oxygen, pH, and specific conductance-a measure of total dissolved solids. Sample sites downstream from mined areas on Harrison Creek and Frying Pan Creek had higher median suspended-sediment concentrations, by a few milligrams per liter, than respective upstream sites. However, it is difficult to attach much importance to the small downstream increase, less than 10 milligrams per liter, in median suspended-sediment concentration for either basin. During low-flow conditions in 2004 and 2005, previously mined areas investigated on Harrison Creek and on Frying Pan Creek did not contribute substantial suspended sediments to sample sites downstream from the mined areas. No substantial mining-related water- or sediment-quality problems were detected at any of the sites investigated in the upper Birch Creek watershed during low-flow conditions. Average annual streamflow and precipitation were near normal in 2002 and 2003. Drought conditions, extreme forest fire impact, and low annual streamflow set apart the 2004 and 2005 summer seasons. Daily mean streamflow for upper Birch Creek varied throughout the period of record-from maximums of about 1,000 cubic feet per second to minimums of about 20 cubic feet per second. Streamflow increased and decreased rapidly in response to rainfall and rapid snowmelt events because the steep slopes, thin soil cover, and permafrost areas in the watershed have little capacity to retain runoff. Median suspended-sediment concentrations for the 115 paired samples from Frying Pan Creek and 101 paired samples from Harrison Creek were less than the 20 milligrams per liter total maximum daily load. The total maximum daily load was set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for the upper Birch Creek basin in 1996. Suspended-sediment paired-sample data were collected using automated samplers in 2004 and 2005, primarily during low-flow conditions. Suspended-sediment concentrations in grab samples from miscellaneous sites ranged from less than 1 milligram per liter during low-flow conditions to 1,386 milligrams per liter during a high-flow event on upper Birch Creek. Streambed-sediment samples were collected at six sites on Harrison Creek, two sites on Frying Pan Creek, and one site on upper Birch Creek. Trace-element concentrations of mercury, lead, and zinc in streambed sedimen
","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075124","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, B., and Langley, D.E., 2007, Assessment of hydrology, water quality, and trace elements in selected placer-mined creeks in the birch creek watershed near central, Alaska, 2001-05: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5124, viii, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075124.","productDescription":"viii, 51 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2001-09-01","temporalEnd":"2005-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10031,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5124/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -146.41666666666666,65 ], [ -146.41666666666666,65.66666666666667 ], [ -144.16666666666666,65.66666666666667 ], [ -144.16666666666666,65 ], [ -146.41666666666666,65 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672958","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennedy, Ben W.","contributorId":104519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Ben W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langley, Dustin E.","contributorId":91904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langley","given":"Dustin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80208,"text":"sim2972 - 2007 - Alluvial Bars of the Obed Wild and Scenic River, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:41","indexId":"sim2972","displayToPublicDate":"2007-08-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2972","title":"Alluvial Bars of the Obed Wild and Scenic River, Tennessee","docAbstract":"In 2004, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Park Service (NPS) initiated a reconnaissance study of alluvial bars along the Obed Wild and Scenic River (Obed WSR), in Cumberland and Morgan Counties, Tennessee. The study was partly driven by concern that trapping of sand by upstream impoundments might threaten rare, threatened, or endangered plant habitat by reducing the supply of sediment to the alluvial bars. The objectives of the study were to: (1) develop a preliminary understanding of the distribution, morphology, composition, stability, and vegetation structure of alluvial bars along the Obed WSR, and (2) determine whether evidence of human alteration of sediment dynamics in the Obed WSR warrants further, more detailed examination.\r\n\r\nThis report presents the results of the reconnaissance study of alluvial bars along the Obed River, Clear Creek, and Daddys Creek in the Obed WSR. The report is based on: (1) field-reconnaissance visits by boat to 56 alluvial bars along selected reaches of the Obed River and Clear Creek; (2) analysis of aerial photographs, topographic and geologic maps, and other geographic data to assess the distribution of alluvial bars in the Obed WSR; (3) surveys of topography, surface particle size, vegetation structure, and ground cover on three selected alluvial bars; and (4) analysis of hydrologic records.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sim2972","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Wolfe, W., Fitch, K., and Ladd, D., 2007, Alluvial Bars of the Obed Wild and Scenic River, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2972, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sim2972.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10021,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2007/2972/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85,36 ], [ -85,36.166666666666664 ], [ -84.58333333333333,36.166666666666664 ], [ -84.58333333333333,36 ], [ -85,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae6e4b07f02db68b740","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolfe, W.J.","contributorId":10069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitch, K.C.","contributorId":14061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitch","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ladd, D.E.","contributorId":34956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ladd","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":80204,"text":"sir20075122 - 2007 - Concentrations of glyphosate, its degradation product, aminomethylphosphonic acid, and glufosinate in ground- and surface-water, rainfall, and soil samples collected in the United States, 2001-06","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-09T15:41:34.03997","indexId":"sir20075122","displayToPublicDate":"2007-08-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5122","displayTitle":"Concentrations of Glyphosate, Its Degradation Product, Aminomethylphosphonic Acid, and Glufosinate in Ground- and Surface-Water, Rainfall, and Soil Samples Collected in the United States, 2001-06","title":"Concentrations of glyphosate, its degradation product, aminomethylphosphonic acid, and glufosinate in ground- and surface-water, rainfall, and soil samples collected in the United States, 2001-06","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a number of studies from 2001 through 2006 to investigate and document the occurrence, fate, and transport of glyphosate, its degradation product, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and glufosinate in 2,135 ground- and surface-water samples, 14 rainfall samples, and 193 soil samples. Analytical methods were developed to detect and measure glyphosate, AMPA, and glufosinate in water, rainfall, and soil. Results show that AMPA was detected more frequently and occurred at similar or higher concentrations than the parent compound, glyphosate, whereas glufosinate was seldom found in the environment. Glyphosate and AMPA were detected more frequently in surface water than in ground water. Trace levels of glyphosate and AMPA may persist in the soil from year to year. The methods and data described in this report are useful to researchers and regulators interested in the occurrence, fate, and transport of glyphosate and AMPA in the environment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075122","usgsCitation":"Scribner, E.A., Battaglin, W.A., Gilliom, R.J., and Meyer, M.T., 2007, Concentrations of glyphosate, its degradation product, aminomethylphosphonic acid, and glufosinate in ground- and surface-water, rainfall, and soil samples collected in the United States, 2001-06: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5122, vi, 112 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075122.","productDescription":"vi, 112 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2001-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National 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rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80159,"text":"ofr20071034 - 2007 - Initial Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) digital elevation model research and development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-15T15:27:15.460244","indexId":"ofr20071034","displayToPublicDate":"2007-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1034","title":"Initial Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) digital elevation model research and development","docAbstract":"The Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) offers a consistent and documented dataset that can be used to guide large-scale field operations, to integrate hydrologic and ecological responses, and to support biological and ecological assessments that measure ecosystem responses to the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (Telis, 2006). To produce historic and near-real time maps of water depths, the EDEN requires a system-wide digital elevation model (DEM) of the ground surface. Accurate Everglades wetland ground surface elevation data were non-existent before the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) undertook the collection of highly accurate surface elevations at the regional scale. These form the foundation for EDEN DEM development. This development process is iterative as additional high accuracy elevation data (HAED) are collected, water surfacing algorithms improve, and additional ground-based ancillary data become available. Models are tested using withheld HAED and independently measured water depth data, and by using DEM data in EDEN adaptive management applications. Here the collection of HAED is briefly described before the approach to DEM development and the current EDEN DEM are detailed. Finally future research directions for continued model development, testing, and refinement are provided.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071034","usgsCitation":"Initial Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) Digital Elevation Model Research and Development; 2007; OFR; 2007-1034; Jones, John W.; Price, Susan D.","productDescription":"xi, 18 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194433,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1034/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":9970,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1034/ofr20071034.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.76 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2007-1034"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.11862740583817,\n 26.70489837770232\n ],\n [\n -81.81504185065552,\n 26.70489837770232\n ],\n [\n -81.81504185065552,\n 25.09416821042484\n ],\n [\n -80.11862740583817,\n 25.09416821042484\n ],\n [\n -80.11862740583817,\n 26.70489837770232\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Revised and Reprinted in 2007","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
The Lower Crooked River is a remarkable groundwater-fed stream flowing through vertical basalt canyons in the Deschutes River Valley ecoregion in central Oregon (Pater and others, 1998). The 9-mile section of the river between the Crooked River National Grasslands boundary near Ogden Wayside and river mile (RM) 8 is protected under the National Wild and Scenic Rivers Act (16 U.S.C. 1271-1287) for its outstandingly remarkable scenic, recreational, geologic, hydrologic, wildlife, and botanical values (ORVs), and significant fishery and cultural values. Groundwater springs flow directly out of the canyon walls into the Lower Crooked River and create a unique hydrologic setting for native coldwater fish, such as inland Columbia Basin redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri). To protect and enhance the ORVs that are the basis for the wild and scenic designation, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has identified the need to evaluate, among other conditions, fish presence and habitat use of the Lower Crooked River. The results of this and other studies will provide a scientific basis for communication and cooperation between the BLM, Oregon Water Resources Department, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) and all water users within the basin. These biological studies initiated by the BLM in the region reflect a growing national awareness of the impacts of agricultural and municipal water use on the integrity of freshwater ecosystems.
\nBiological surveys are needed to better understand the aquatic ecosystem of the Lower Crooked River. This baseline information will be valuable to public land managers whose task is to balance resource use while protecting the unique attributes (that is, ORVs) of the Lower Crooked River. The habitat requirements of coldwater fishes in this section of stream are of particular interest due to state and federal regulation of water temperature in order to protect and restore fish populations. Historical data on the distribution and abundance of stream fishes in the Lower Crooked River are limited to point observations by fishermen and local biologists because steep canyon walls have limited access to most of the river.
\nSurveys of aquatic habitat (channel morphology and substrate composition) have been conducted for the BLM by the ODFW (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1997), U.S. Forest Service (United States Forest Service, 2003), and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), but fish surveys using electrofishing gear have never been conducted in the isolated 11-mile section of the Crooked River Gorge, and visual observations with mask and snorkel have only been made at isolated point locations where hiking trails provide access to the river (K. Jones, Steve Marx, and Brett Hodgson, ODFW; P. Lickwar, USFWS; pers. comm.). Thus, there is a poor understanding of stream fish presence and distribution throughout Lower Crooked River.
\nInformation on fish assemblages is available for the Deschutes River basin and applies generally to the Lower Crooked River because the two rivers were connected historically (Zimmerman and Ratliff 2003). The construction of dams throughout the Deschutes River basin has eliminated historic runs of salmon and steelhead and prevented migration of bull trout and Pacific lamprey into the Crooked River system. Native fish species expected to occur in the Lower Crooked River include Columbia Basin redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri), mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni), sculpin (Cottus spp.), two species of dace (Rhinichthys spp.), two species of sucker (Catostomus spp.), northern pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus oregonensis), chiselmouth (Acrocheilus alutaceus), and redside shiner (Richardsonius balteatus). Threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), a species native to western Oregon, also occurs in the basin but is believed to be introduced (D. Markle, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, personnel commun.). Extensive stocking of rainbow trout has contributed to a large population of naturalized fish of hatchery origin in the Lower Crooked River. Due to the difficulty of differentiating between wild redband trout and naturalized rainbow trout of hatchery origin, the general classification of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is used throughout this report to describe the fish that were observed in the Lower Crooked River. Exotic fish species expected to occur in the Lower Crooked River include large- and smallmouth bass (Micropterus spp.), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), and brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosis) (Zimmerman and Ratliff 2003).
\nThe goal of this project was to examine longitudinal patterns in fish assemblages, aquatic habitat, and water temperature in the Lower Crooked River during summer conditions. Specific objectives were to (1) characterize the spatial distribution of native and non-native fishes, (2) describe variation in channel morphology, substrate composition, and water temperature, and (3) evaluate the associations between fishes, aquatic habitat, and water temperature.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071125","usgsCitation":"Torgersen, C., Hockman-Wert, D.P., Bateman, D., Leer, D., and Gresswell, R., 2007, Longitudinal patterns of fish assemblages, aquatic habitat, and water temperature in the Lower Crooked River, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1125, iv, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071125.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320123,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1125/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":10026,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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-121.28150939941406,\n 44.46355835252282\n ],\n [\n -121.28854751586914,\n 44.464660968610104\n ],\n [\n -121.29678726196288,\n 44.466253599525196\n ],\n [\n -121.30107879638672,\n 44.47017373665921\n ],\n [\n -121.3033103942871,\n 44.473603640679436\n ],\n [\n -121.30416870117189,\n 44.47654339797436\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db6408ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torgersen, Christian E. 0000-0001-8325-2737","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8325-2737","contributorId":48143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torgersen","given":"Christian E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hockman-Wert, David P.","contributorId":87228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hockman-Wert","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bateman, Douglas S.","contributorId":19644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bateman","given":"Douglas S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leer, David W.","contributorId":31069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leer","given":"David W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gresswell, Robert E.","contributorId":13194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"Robert E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":80145,"text":"sir20075031 - 2007 - Simulation of Regional Ground-Water Flow in the Suwannee River Basin, Northern Florida and Southern Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T09:39:13","indexId":"sir20075031","displayToPublicDate":"2007-07-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5031","title":"Simulation of Regional Ground-Water Flow in the Suwannee River Basin, Northern Florida and Southern Georgia","docAbstract":"The Suwannee River Basin covers a total of nearly 9,950 square miles in north-central Florida and southern Georgia. In Florida, the Suwannee River Basin accounts for 4,250 square miles of north-central Florida. Evaluating the impacts of increased development in the Suwannee River Basin requires a quantitative understanding of the boundary conditions, hydrogeologic framework and hydraulic properties of the Floridan aquifer system, and the dynamics of water exchanges between the Suwannee River and its tributaries and the Floridan aquifer system. \r\n\r\nMajor rivers within the Suwannee River Basin are the Suwannee, Santa Fe, Alapaha, and Withlacoochee. Four rivers west of the Suwannee River are the Aucilla, the Econfina, the Fenholloway, and the Steinhatchee; all drain to the Gulf of Mexico. Perhaps the most notable aspect of the surface-water hydrology of the study area is that large areas east of the Suwannee River are devoid of channelized, surface drainage; consequently, most of the drainage occurs through the subsurface.\r\n\r\nThe ground-water flow system underlying the study area plays a critical role in the overall hydrology of this region of Florida because of the dominance of subsurface drain-age, and because ground-water flow sustains the flow of the rivers and springs.\r\n\r\nThree principal hydrogeologic units are present in the study area: the surficial aquifer system, the intermediate aquifer system, and the Floridan aquifer system. The surficial aquifer system principally consists of unconsoli-dated to poorly indurated siliciclastic deposits. The intermediate aquifer system, which contains the intermediate confining unit, lies below the surficial aquifer system (where present), and generally consists of fine-grained, uncon-solidated deposits of quartz sand, silt, and clay with interbedded limestone of Miocene age. Regionally, the intermediate aquifer system and intermediate con-fining unit act as a confining unit that restricts the exchange of water between the over-lying surficial and underlying Upper Floridan aquifers. The Upper Floridan aquifer is present throughout the study area and is extremely permeable and typically capable of transmitting large volumes of water. This high permeability largely is due to the widening of fractures and formation of conduits within the aquifer through dissolu-tion of the limestone by infiltrating water. This process has also produced numerous karst features such as springs, sinking streams, and sinkholes.\r\n\r\nA model of the Upper Floridan aquifer was created to better understand the ground-water system and to provide resource managers a tool to evaluate ground-water and surface-water interactions in the Suwannee River Basin. The model was developed to simulate a single Upper Floridan aquifer layer. Recharge datasets were developed to represent a net flux of water to the top of the aquifer or the water table during a period when the system was assumed to be under steady-state conditions (September 1990). A potentiometric-surface map representing water levels during September 1990 was prepared for the Suwannee River Water Management District (SRWMD), and the heads from those wells were used for calibration of the model. Additionally, flows at gaging sites for the Suwannee, Alapaha, Withlacoochee, Santa Fe, Fenholloway, Aucilla, Ecofina, and Steinhatchee Rivers were used during the calibration process to compare to model computed flows. Flows at seven first-magnitude springs selected by the SRWMD also were used to calibrate the model.\r\n\r\nCalibration criterion for matching potentiometric heads was to attain an absolute residual mean error of 5 percent or less of the head gradient of the system which would be about 5 feet. An absolute residual mean error of 4.79 feet was attained for final calibration. Calibration criterion for matching streamflow was based on the quality of measurements made in the field. All measurements used were rated ?good,? so the desire was for simulated values to be wi","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/sir20075031","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Suwannee River Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Planert, M., 2007, Simulation of Regional Ground-Water Flow in the Suwannee River Basin, Northern Florida and Southern Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5031, vi, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075031.","productDescription":"vi, 50 p.","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5031.jpg"},{"id":9961,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5031/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Suwannee River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.5,29 ], [ -84.5,32.25 ], [ -81,32.25 ], [ -81,29 ], [ -84.5,29 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2fc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Planert, Michael","contributorId":56659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Planert","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":80131,"text":"sir20075049 - 2007 - Recharge area, base-flow and quick-flow discharge rates and ages, and general water quality of Big Spring in Carter County, Missouri, 2000-04","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-30T10:27:01","indexId":"sir20075049","displayToPublicDate":"2007-07-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5049","displayTitle":"Recharge Area, Base-Flow and Quick-Flow Discharge Rates and Ages, and General Water Quality of Big Spring in Carter County, Missouri, 2000-04","title":"Recharge area, base-flow and quick-flow discharge rates and ages, and general water quality of Big Spring in Carter County, Missouri, 2000-04","docAbstract":"Exploration for lead deposits has occurred in a mature karst area of southeast Missouri that is highly valued for its scenic beauty and recreational opportunities. The area contains the two largest springs in Missouri (Big Spring and Greer Spring), both of which flow into federally designated scenic rivers. Concerns about potential mining effects on the area ground water and aquatic biota prompted an investigation of Big Spring.
Water-level measurements made during 2000 helped define the recharge area of Big Spring, Greer Spring, Mammoth Spring, and Boze Mill Spring. The data infer two distinct potentiometric surfaces. The shallow potentiometric surface, where the depth-to-water is less than about 250 feet, tends to mimic topographic features and is strongly controlled by streams. The deep potentiometric surface, where the depth-to-water is greater than about 250 feet represents ground-water hydraulic heads within the more mature karst areas. A highly permeable zone extends about 20 mile west of Big Spring toward the upper Hurricane Creek Basin. Deeper flowing water in the Big Spring recharge area is directed toward this permeable zone. The estimated sizes of the spring recharge areas are 426 square miles for Big Spring, 352 square miles for Greer Spring, 290 square miles for Mammoth Spring, and 54 square miles for Boze Mill Spring.
A discharge accumulation curve using Big Spring daily mean discharge data shows no substantial change in the discharge pattern of Big Spring during the period of record (water years 1922 through 2004). The extended periods when the spring flow deviated from the trend line can be attributed to prolonged departures from normal precipitation. The maximum possible instantaneous flow from Big Spring has not been adequately defined because of backwater effects from the Current River during high-flow conditions. Physical constraints within the spring conduit system may restrict its maximum flow. The largest discharge measured at Big Spring during the period of record (water years 1922 through 2004) was 1,170 cubic feet per second on December 7, 1982.
The daily mean water temperature of Big Spring was monitored during water years 2001 through 2004 and showed little variability, ranging from 13 to 15° C (degree Celsius). Water temperatures generally vary less than 1° C throughout the year. The warmest temperatures occur during October and November and decrease until April, indicating Big Spring water temperature does show a slight seasonal variation.
The use of the traditional hydrograph separation program HYSEP to determine the base flow and quick flow or runoff components at Big Spring failed to yield base-flow and quick-flow discharge curves that matched observations of spring characteristics. Big Spring discharge data were used in combination with specific conductance data to develop an improved hydrograph separation method for the spring. The estimated annual mean quick flow ranged from 15 to 48 cubic feet per second for the HYSEP analysis and ranged from 26 to 154 cubic feet per second for the discharge and specific conductance method for water years 2001 to 2004.
Using the discharge and specific conductance method, the estimated base-flow component rises abruptly as the spring hydrograph rises, attains a peak value on the same day as the discharge peak, and then declines abruptly from its peak value. Several days later, base flow begins to increase again at an approximately linear trend, coinciding with the time at which the percentage of quick flow has reached a maximum after each recharge-induced discharge peak. The interval between the discharge peak and the peak in percentage quick flow ranges from 8 to 11 days for seven hydrograph peaks, consistent with quick-flow traveltime estimates by dye-trace tests from the mature karst Hurricane Creek Basin in the central part of the recharge area.
Concentrations of environmental tracers chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs: CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113), and sulfur hexafluoride in discharge from Big Spring vary approximately linearly with percent quick flow from about 5 to 45 percent of discharge. Linear extrapolation to 100 percent quick flow implies CFC and SF6 concentrations nearly identical to those in the 2002 atmosphere and indicates a modern age for the quick-flow component. Tracer concentrations for less than about 5 percent quick flow are increasingly lower than those expected from linear extrapolation to zero percent quick flow, indicating that the reservoir of older water in the Big Spring watershed may be a series of water mixtures with piston-flow ages greater than those obtained by extrapolation to zero percent quick flow. Each sample point with a low percentage of quick flow (less than 5 percent) may be a unique mixture.
Environmental tracer data from Big Spring plot intermediate to the simple binary mixing of modern and old, pre-tracer water and results from the exponential mixture model. The mean ages of waters in the base-flow component approximately range from 30 to 200 years. The mean age of the base-flow component is youngest (30 to 40 years) in samples containing the highest quick-flow component (45 percent quick flow) and increases to 200 years or more as the fraction of quick flow decreases to less than 5 percent. Tritium data are consistent with a model of dilution of a modern component with an old, pre-tracer component and indicates that the old fraction is mostly pre-1960s in age with mean residence time of more than several hundred years. All of the samples from Big Spring and Greer Spring have water temperatures warmer than their nitrogen-argon recharge temperature, which range from approximately 10.5 to 14° C, suggesting recharge to the Big Spring watershed occurs primarily in late winter to early spring. The water temperatures at Big Spring are consistent with relatively shallow circulation (less than about 600 feet), and the water does not appear to be warmed by deep circulation along a geothermal gradient.
Specific conductance values and concentrations of most inorganic constituents in water samples from Big Spring generally decrease with increasing discharge because of dilution with quick-flow water of lower ionic strength. Concentrations of some constituents such as chloride and nitrite plus nitrate, and fecal coliform densities, however, did not decrease with increasing discharge, indicating that quick flow probably is a more important source of these constituents compared to base flow. Water samples from Big Spring plot along the line of dolomite dissolution by carbonic acid, are at equilibrium with dolomite and calcite, and have a molar ratio of Ca:Mg of near 1, indicating dissolution of the mineral dolomite as the primary control on concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate. The flux of calcium and magnesium from Big Spring represents the dissolution of about 1,950 cubic feet of dolomite per day. The suspended sediment load of Big Spring was estimated to range from about 1 to about 70 tons per day, and the sediment load during base-flow periods ranged from about 1 to about 7 tons per day.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075049","usgsCitation":"Imes, J.L., Plummer, N., Kleeschulte, M.J., and Schumacher, J., 2007, Recharge area, base-flow and quick-flow discharge rates and ages, and general water quality of Big Spring in Carter County, Missouri, 2000-04: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5049, vi, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075049.","productDescription":"vi, 80 p.","temporalStart":"2000-10-01","temporalEnd":"2004-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194397,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9946,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5049/pdf/SIR2007-5049.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","county":"Carter County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-90.78,37.0503],[-90.7316,37.0505],[-90.7311,36.9992],[-90.7132,36.999],[-90.7116,36.9708],[-90.6955,36.9701],[-90.6953,36.9284],[-90.6781,36.9282],[-90.6797,36.8842],[-90.6596,36.8834],[-90.6609,36.8544],[-90.6619,36.8109],[-90.8418,36.8131],[-90.8987,36.8138],[-90.9372,36.8144],[-90.9476,36.8145],[-90.9481,36.8177],[-90.9556,36.8178],[-91.009,36.8193],[-91.0083,36.8234],[-91.1164,36.8247],[-91.2245,36.8254],[-91.2234,36.8857],[-91.2192,37.0009],[-91.2178,37.0457],[-91.2159,37.0892],[-91.183,37.0889],[-91.1081,37.0872],[-91.108,37.0912],[-91.0722,37.0917],[-91.0682,37.0921],[-91.0675,37.0962],[-91.0542,37.096],[-91.0329,37.0958],[-91.0184,37.0988],[-90.9618,37.1008],[-90.9639,37.0537],[-90.7841,37.0503],[-90.78,37.0503]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Carter\",\"state\":\"MO\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a75e4b07f02db644b5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Imes, Jeffrey L. jimes@usgs.gov","contributorId":2983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imes","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jimes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":291794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kleeschulte, Michael J.","contributorId":75891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleeschulte","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schumacher, John G. jschu@usgs.gov","contributorId":2055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schumacher","given":"John G.","email":"jschu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":80116,"text":"sir20075113 - 2007 - Use of chemical analysis and assays of semipermeable membrane devices extracts to assess the response of bioavailable organic pollutants in streams to urbanization in six metropolitan areas of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-15T17:50:34","indexId":"sir20075113","displayToPublicDate":"2007-07-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5113","title":"Use of chemical analysis and assays of semipermeable membrane devices extracts to assess the response of bioavailable organic pollutants in streams to urbanization in six metropolitan areas of the United States","docAbstract":"Studies to assess the effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems are being conducted as part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. The overall objectives of these studies are to (1) determine how hydrologic, geomorphic, water quality, habitat, and biological characteristics respond to land-use changes associated with urbanization in specific environmental settings, and (2) compare these responses across environmental settings. As part of an integrated assessment, semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were deployed in streams along a gradient of urban land-use intensity in and around Atlanta, Georgia; Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina; and Denver-Fort Collins, Colorado, in 2003; and Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas; Milwaukee-Green Bay, Wisconsin; and Portland, Oregon, in 2004. Sites were selected to avoid point-source discharge and to minimize natural variability within each of the six metropolitan areas. In addition to standard chemical analysis for hydrophobic organic contaminants, three assays were used to address mixtures and potential toxicity: (1) Fluoroscan provides an estimate of the total concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); (2) the P450RGS assay indicates the presence and levels of aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists; and (3) Microtox® measures toxicological effects on photo-luminescent bacteria.
Of the 140 compounds targeted or identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis in this study, 67 were not detected. In terms of numbers and types of compounds, the following were detected: 2 wood preservatives, 6 insecticides (parent compounds), 5 herbicides, 22 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 2 dibenzofurans, 4 polychlorinated biphenyls, 7 compounds associated with fragrances or personal care products, 4 steroids associated with wastewater, 5 polydibromated diphenyl ethers (flame retardants), 3 plasticizers, 3 antimicrobials/disinfectants, and 3 detergent metabolites.
Of the 73 compounds detected and three assays utilized, 29 were detected in 25 percent or more of the streams and were strongly related to increases in urban intensity (defined as having a Spearman’s rho > 0.5 with percent urban land cover) in at least one of the six metropolitan areas investigated. These 29 endpoints included 16 PAHs, a wood preservative (pentachloroanisole), 2 insecticides (chlorpyrifos and chlordane), 3 herbicides (benfluralin, trifluralin, and dacthal), a synthetic musk (hexahydrohexamethylcyclopentabenzopyran, HHCB), 2 furans (methyldibenzofuran and benzo[b]naphtho[2,3-d]furan), and a flame retardant (BDE 47). In addition, the number of compounds detected and results of the Fluoroscan and P450RGS assays were strongly related to urban intensity.
Average water concentrations estimated from SPMDs were compared to screening benchmarks for the protection of human health and aquatic life; of the 14 compounds with available benchmarks, 3 compounds (anthracene, dieldrin, and diazinon) exceeded those levels in one or more streams. Both dieldrin and anthracene exceeded their respective benchmarks in seven streams, and diazinon in only one stream. There were more exceedances in Milwaukee-Green Bay and Raleigh-Durham than in the other metropolitan areas, and there were no exceedances in Dallas-Fort Worth.
The six metropolitan areas studied differed in the number and types of endpoints related to urban intensity, probably from a combination of factors governing source strength, transport, and fate of hydrophobic compounds. The number of endpoints strongly related to urban intensity ranged from 3 in Dallas-Fort Worth and Portland to 21 in Raleigh-Durham. High frequencies of detection and strong correlations with urban land cover for pyrogenic PAHs (such as unsubstituted 4-ringed PAHs) in all six metropolitan areas indicate that these compounds are an important component of urbanization, regardless of location. Pentachloroanisole, dibenzofurans, and petrogenic PAHs (alkylated PAHs and heterocyclic dibenzothiophenes) were frequently detected and strongly related to urban intensity in Atlanta, Raleigh-Durham, Milwaukee-Green Bay, and Denver-Fort Collins. Two insecticides were related to urban intensity: chlorpyrifos in Atlanta, Raleigh-Durham, and Dallas-Fort Worth; and chlordane in Raleigh-Durham. Three herbicides were strongly related to urban intensity: trifluralin in Atlanta and Raleigh-Durham; benfluralin in Atlanta, and dacthal in Denver-Fort Collins. The detection frequencies for most wastewater indicator compounds were too low to establish relations with urban intensity. Of the wastewater compounds analyzed, HHCB in Raleigh-Durham and Denver-Fort Collins, and BDE 47 in Denver-Fort Collins and Dallas-Forth Worth, had the strongest relations with urban intensity.
In addition to pyrogenic PAHs, levels of aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists (as measured by the P450RGS assay) were strongly related to increasing urban intensity in all six metropolitan areas. PAHs were the only group of aryl hydrocarbon agonists consistently detected and related with urban intensity in all six metropolitan areas. It is unknown which compounds in the SPMDs caused the increased response in the P450RGS assay because the SPMDs likely contained many aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists not quantified by chemical analysis. It is clear that bioavailable, aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists increase in streams with increasing urban intensity in the basin. Potential toxicity mediated by this metabolic pathway should be considered in integrated assessments of the response of aquatic biota to urbanization.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075113","usgsCitation":"Bryant, W., Goodbred, S.L., Leiker, T.L., Inouye, L., and Johnson, B., 2007, Use of chemical analysis and assays of semipermeable membrane devices extracts to assess the response of bioavailable organic pollutants in streams to urbanization in six metropolitan areas of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5113, Report: viii, 47 p.; 2 Appendices (Excel files), https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075113.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 47 p.; 2 Appendices (Excel files)","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5113.jpg"},{"id":9944,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5113/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6051cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bryant, Wade L. Jr. wbbryant@usgs.gov","contributorId":1777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"Wade L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"wbbryant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":291770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goodbred, Steve L.","contributorId":93149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodbred","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leiker, Thomas L.","contributorId":77620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leiker","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Inouye, Laura","contributorId":74834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Inouye","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, B. Thomas","contributorId":105101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"B. Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":80115,"text":"fs20073049 - 2007 - Summary of the Ground-Water-Level Hydrologic Conditions in New Jersey 2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:21","indexId":"fs20073049","displayToPublicDate":"2007-07-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3049","title":"Summary of the Ground-Water-Level Hydrologic Conditions in New Jersey 2006","docAbstract":"Ground water is one of the Nation's most important natural resources. It provides about 40 percent of our Nation's public water supply. Currently, nearly one-half of New Jersey's drinking-water is supplied by over 300,000 wells that serve more than 4.3 million people (John P. Nawyn, U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 2007). New Jersey's population is projected to grow by more than a million people by 2030 (U.S. Census Bureau, accessed March 2, 2006, at http://www.census.gov). As demand for water increases, managing the development and use of the ground-water resource so that the supply can be maintained for an indefinite time without causing unacceptable environmental, economic, or social consequences is of paramount importance.\r\n\r\nThis report describes the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) New Jersey Water Science Center Observation Well Networks. Record low ground-water levels during water year 2006 (October 1, 2005 to September 30, 2006) are listed, and water levels in six selected water-table observation wells and three selected confined wells are shown in hydrographs. The report describes the trends in water levels in various confined aquifers in southern New Jersey and in water-table and fracture rock aquifers throughout the State. Web site addresses to access the data also are included.\r\n\r\nThe USGS has operated a network of observation wells in New Jersey since 1923 for the purpose of monitoring ground-water-level changes throughout the State. Long-term systematic measurement of water levels in observation wells provides the data needed to evaluate changes in the ground-water resource over time. Records of ground-water levels are used to evaluate the effects of climate changes and water-supply development, to develop ground-water models, and to forecast trends.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20073049","usgsCitation":"Jones, W., and Pope, D., 2007, Summary of the Ground-Water-Level Hydrologic Conditions in New Jersey 2006: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3049, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073049.","productDescription":"6 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-10-01","temporalEnd":"2006-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3049.jpg"},{"id":9943,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3049/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76,38.75 ], [ -76,41.5 ], [ -73.75,41.5 ], [ -73.75,38.75 ], [ -76,38.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db69840d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Walter","contributorId":78026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Walter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pope, Daryll","contributorId":64350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Daryll","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80110,"text":"sir20075018 - 2007 - Selenium and other elements in water and adjacent rock and sediment of Toll Gate Creek, Aurora, Arapahoe County, Colorado, December 2003 through March 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-30T10:29:57","indexId":"sir20075018","displayToPublicDate":"2007-07-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5018","displayTitle":"Selenium and Other Elements in Water and Adjacent Rock and Sediment of Toll Gate Creek, Aurora, Arapahoe County, Colorado, December 2003 through March 2004","title":"Selenium and other elements in water and adjacent rock and sediment of Toll Gate Creek, Aurora, Arapahoe County, Colorado, December 2003 through March 2004","docAbstract":"Streamwater and solid samples (rock, unconsolidated sediment, stream sediment, and efflorescent material) in the Toll Gate Creek watershed, Colorado, were collected and analyzed for major and trace elements to determine trace-element concentrations and stream loads from December 2003 through March 2004, a period of seasonally low flow. Special emphasis was given to selenium (Se) concentrations because historic Se concentrations exceeded current (2004) stream standards. The goal of the project was to assess the distribution of Se concentration and loads in Toll Gate Creek and to determine the potential for rock and unconsolidated sediment in the basin to be sources of Se to the streamwater.\r\n\r\nStreamwater samples and discharge measurements were collected during December 2003 and March 2004 along Toll Gate Creek and its two primary tributaries - West Toll Gate Creek and East Toll Gate Creek. During both sampling periods, discharge ranged from 2.5 liters per second to 138 liters per second in the watershed. Discharge was greater in March 2004 than December 2003, but both periods represent low flow in Toll Gate Creek, and results of this study should not be extended to periods of higher flow. Discharge decreased moving downstream in East Toll Gate Creek but increased moving downstream along West Toll Gate Creek and the main stem of Toll Gate Creek, indicating that these two streams gain flow from ground water. Se concentrations in streamwater samples ranged from 7 to 70 micrograms per liter, were elevated in the upstream-most samples, and were greater than the State stream standard of 4.6 micrograms per liter. Se loads ranged from 6 grams per day to 250 grams per day, decreased in a downstream direction along East Toll Gate Creek, and increased in a downstream direction along West Toll Gate Creek and Toll Gate Creek. The largest Se-load increases occurred between two sampling locations on West Toll Gate Creek during both sampling periods and between the two sampling locations on the main stem of Toll Gate Creek during the December 2003 sampling. These load increases may indicate that sources of Se exist between these two locations; however, Se loading along West Toll Gate Creek and Toll Gate Creek primarily was characterized by gradual downstream increases in load. Linear regressions between Se load and discharge for both sampling periods had large, significant values of r2 (r2 > 0.96, p < 0.0001) because increases in Se load (per unit of flow increase) were generally constant. This relation is evidence for a constant addition of water having a relatively constant Se concentration over much of the length of Toll Gate Creek, a result which is consistent with a ground-water source for the Se loads.\r\n\r\nRock outcroppings along the stream were highly weathered, and Se concentrations in rock and other solid samples ranged from below detection (1 part per million) to 25 parts per million. One sample of efflorescence (a surface encrustation produced by evaporation) had the greatest selenium concentration of all solid samples, was composed of thenardite (sodium sulfate), gypsum (calcium sulfate) and minor halite (sodium chloride), and released all of its Se during a 30-minute water-leaching procedure. Calculations indicate there was an insufficient amount of this material present throughout the watershed to account for the observed Se load in the stream. However, this material likely indicates zones of ground-water discharge that contain Se.\r\n\r\nThis report did not identify an unequivocal source of Se in Toll Gate Creek. However, multiple lines of evidence indicate that ground-water discharge supplies Se to Toll Gate Creek: (1) the occurrence of elevated Se concentrations in the stream throughout the watershed and in the headwater regions, upstream from industrial sources; (2) the progressive increase in Se loads moving downstream, which indicates a continuous input of Se along the stream rather than input from point sources; (3) the occurr","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075018","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the City of Aurora, Colorado, Utilities Department","usgsCitation":"Herring, J., and Walton-Day, K., 2007, Selenium and other elements in water and adjacent rock and sediment of Toll Gate Creek, Aurora, Arapahoe County, Colorado, December 2003 through March 2004 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5018, vi, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075018.","productDescription":"vi, 58 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-12-01","temporalEnd":"2004-03-30","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5018.jpg"},{"id":9938,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5018/pdf/sir07-5018_508.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Arapahoe County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.88333333333334,39.61666666666667 ], [ -104.88333333333334,39.766666666666666 ], [ -104.7,39.766666666666666 ], [ -104.7,39.61666666666667 ], [ -104.88333333333334,39.61666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a00e4b07f02db5f7c90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herring, J. R.","contributorId":43348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herring","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":68339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":80107,"text":"fs20073044 - 2007 - Biological conditions in streams of Johnson County, Kansas, and nearby Missouri, 2003 and 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-30T10:50:20","indexId":"fs20073044","displayToPublicDate":"2007-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3044","title":"Biological conditions in streams of Johnson County, Kansas, and nearby Missouri, 2003 and 2004","docAbstract":"Johnson County is one of the fastest growing and most populated counties in Kansas. Urban development affects streams by altering stream hydrology, geomorphology, water chemistry, and habitat, which then can lead to adverse effects on fish and macroinvertebrate communities. In addition, increasing sources of contaminants in urbanizing streams results in public-health concerns associated with exposure to and consumption of contaminated water.
Biological assessments, or surveys of organisms living in aquatic environments, are crucial components of water-quality programs because they provide an indication of how well water bodies support aquatic life. This fact sheet describes current biological conditions of Johnson County streams and characterizes stream biology relative to urban development.
Biological conditions were evaluated by collecting macroinvertebrate samples from 15 stream sites in Johnson County, Kansas, in 2003 and 2004 (fig. 1). Data from seven additional sites, collected as part of a separate study with similar objectives in Kansas and Missouri (Wilkison and others, 2005), were evaluated to provide a more comprehensive assessment of watersheds that cross State boundaries. Land-use and water- and streambed-sediment-quality data also were used to evaluate factors that may affect macroinvertebrate communities.
Metrics are indices used to measure, or evaluate, macroinvertebrate response to various factors such as human disturbance. Multimetric scores, which integrated 10 different metrics that measure various aspects of macroinvertebrate communities, including organism diversity, composition, tolerance, and feeding characteristics, were used to evaluate and compare biological health of Johnson County streams.
This information is useful to city and county officials for defining current biological conditions, evaluating conditions relative to State biological criteria, evaluating effects of urbanization, developing effective water-quality management plans, and documenting changes in biological conditions and water quality.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","doi":"10.3133/fs20073044","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Johnson County Stormwater Management Program","usgsCitation":"Poulton, B.C., Rasmussen, T.J., and Lee, C., 2007, Biological conditions in streams of Johnson County, Kansas, and nearby Missouri, 2003 and 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3044, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073044.","productDescription":"2 p.","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3044.jpg"},{"id":9934,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3044/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":341827,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3044/pdf/FS20073044.pdf","text":"Report","size":"984 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas, Missouri","county":"Jackson County, Johnson County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.08333333333333,38.666666666666664 ], [ -95.08333333333333,39.166666666666664 ], [ -94.41666666666667,39.166666666666664 ], [ -94.41666666666667,38.666666666666664 ], [ -95.08333333333333,38.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db623664","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poulton, Barry C. 0000-0002-7219-4911 bpoulton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7219-4911","contributorId":2421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulton","given":"Barry","email":"bpoulton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rasmussen, Teresa J. 0000-0002-7023-3868 rasmuss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7023-3868","contributorId":3336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Teresa","email":"rasmuss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":291748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Casey J. 0000-0002-5753-2038","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5753-2038","contributorId":31062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Casey J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":291749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}