The northern High Plains aquifer is the primary source of water used for domestic, industrial, and irrigation purposes in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Wyoming. Despite the aquifer’s importance to the regional economy, fundamental ground-water characteristics, such as vertical gradients in water chemistry and age, remain poorly defined. As part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water-Quality Assessment Program, water samples from nested, short-screen monitoring wells installed in the northern High Plains aquifer were analyzed for major ions, nutrients, trace elements, dissolved organic carbon, pesticides, stable and radioactive isotopes, dissolved gases, and other parameters to evaluate vertical gradients in water chemistry and age in the aquifer. Chemical data and tritium and radiocarbon ages show that water in the aquifer was chemically and temporally stratified in the study area, with a relatively thin zone of recently recharged water (less than 50 years) near the water table overlying a thicker zone of older water (1,800 to 15,600 radiocarbon years). In areas where irrigated agriculture was an important land use, the recently recharged ground water was characterized by elevated concentrations of major ions and nitrate and the detection of pesticide compounds. Below the zone of agricultural influence, major-ion concentrations exhibited small increases with depth and distance along flow paths because of rock/water interactions. The concentration increases were accounted for primarily by dissolved calcium, sodium, bicarbonate, sulfate, and silica. In general, the chemistry of ground water throughout the aquifer was of high quality. None of the approximately 90 chemical constituents analyzed in each sample exceeded primary drinking-water standards.
Mass-balance models indicate that changes in groundwater chemistry along flow paths in the aquifer can be accounted for by small amounts of feldspar and calcite dissolution; goethite and clay-mineral precipitation; organic-carbon and pyrite oxidation; oxygen reduction and denitrification; and cation exchange. Mixing with surface water affected the chemistry of ground water in alluvial sediments of the Platte River Valley. Radiocarbon ages in the aquifer, adjusted for carbon mass transfers, ranged from 1,800 to 15,600 14C years before present. These results have important implications with respect to development of ground-water resources in the Sand Hills. Most of the water in the aquifer predates modern anthropogenic activity so excessive removal of water by pumping is not likely to be replenished by natural recharge in a meaningful timeframe. Vertical gradients in ground-water age were used to estimate long-term average recharge rates in the aquifer. In most areas, the recharge rates ranged from 0.02 to 0.05 foot per year. The recharge rate was 0.2 foot per year in one part of the aquifer characterized by large downward hydraulic gradients.
Nitrite plus nitrate concentrations at the water table were 0.13 to 3.13 milligrams per liter as nitrogen, and concentrations substantially decreased with depth in the aquifer. Dissolved-gas and nitrogen-isotope data indicate that denitrification in the aquifer removed 0 to 97 percent (average = 50 percent) of the nitrate originally present in recharge. The average amount of nitrate removed by denitrification in the aquifer north of the Platte River (Sand Hills) was substantially greater than the amount removed south of the river (66 as opposed to 0 percent), and the extent of nitrate removal appears to be related to the presence of thick deposits of sediment on top of the Ogallala Group in the Sand Hills that contained electron donors, such as organic carbon and pyrite, to support denitrification.
Apparent rates of dissolved-oxygen reduction and denitrification were estimated on the basis of decreases in dissolved-oxygen concentrations and increases in concentrations of excess nitrogen gas and ground-water ages along flow paths from the water table to deeper wells. Median rates of dissolved-oxygen reduction and denitrification south of the Platte River were at least 10 times smaller than the median rates north of the river in the Sand Hills. The relatively large denitrification rates in the Sand Hills indicate that the aquifer in that area may have a greater capacity to attenuate nitrate contamination than the aquifer south of the river, depending on rates of ground-water movement in the two areas. Small denitrification rates south of the river indicate that nitrate contamination in that part of the aquifer would likely persist for a longer period of time.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20065294","isbn":"1411317734","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P., Böhlke, J., and Carney, C.P., 2007, Vertical gradients in water chemistry and age in the Northern High Plains Aquifer, Nebraska, 2003 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5294, vii, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065294.","productDescription":"vii, 58 p.","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2006_5294.jpg"},{"id":342018,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5294/pdf/sir06-5294_508.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.5 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P.","contributorId":100084,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carney","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79784,"text":"sir20075034 - 2007 - Water-balance model of a wetland on the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-24T22:40:45.809061","indexId":"sir20075034","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5034","title":"Water-balance model of a wetland on the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota","docAbstract":"A numerical water-balance model was developed to simulate the responses of a wetland on the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota, to historical and possible extreme hydrological inputs and to changes in hydrological inputs that might occur if a proposed refinery is built on the reservation. Results from model simulations indicated that the study wetland would likely contain water during most historical and extreme-precipitation events with the addition of maximum potential discharges of 0.6 acre-foot per day from proposed refinery holding ponds. Extended periods with little precipitation and above-normal temperatures may result in the wetland becoming nearly dry, especially if potential holding-pond discharges are near zero. Daily simulations based on the historical-enhanced climate data set for May and June 2005, which included holding-pond discharges of 0.6 acre-foot per day, indicated that the study-wetland maximum simulated water volume was about 16.2 acre-feet and the maximum simulated water level was about 1.2 feet at the outlet culvert. Daily simulations based on the extreme summer data set, created to represent an extreme event with excessive June precipitation and holding-pond discharges of 0.6 acre-foot per day, indicated that the study-wetland maximum simulated water volume was about 38.6 acre-feet and the maximum simulated water level was about 2.6 feet at the outlet culvert. A simulation performed using the extreme winter climate data set and an outlet culvert blocked with snow and ice resulted in the greatest simulated wetland water volume of about 132 acre-feet and the greatest simulated water level, which would have been about 6.2 feet at the outlet culvert, but water was not likely to overflow an adjacent highway.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20075034","usgsCitation":"Vining, K.C., 2007, Water-balance model of a wetland on the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5034, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075034.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126813,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5034.jpg"},{"id":392122,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_81157.htm"},{"id":9470,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5034/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Fort Berthold Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.8917,\n 47.9667\n ],\n [\n -101.8542,\n 47.9667\n ],\n [\n -101.8542,\n 47.9972\n ],\n [\n -101.8917,\n 47.9972\n ],\n [\n -101.8917,\n 47.9667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db545de5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vining, Kevin C. 0000-0001-5738-3872 kcvining@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5738-3872","contributorId":308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vining","given":"Kevin","email":"kcvining@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79780,"text":"sir20065281 - 2007 - Hydrogeology, Ground-Water-Age Dating, Water Quality, and Vulnerability of Ground Water to Contamination in a Part of the Whitewater Valley Aquifer System near Richmond, Indiana, 2002-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T10:16:06","indexId":"sir20065281","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5281","title":"Hydrogeology, Ground-Water-Age Dating, Water Quality, and Vulnerability of Ground Water to Contamination in a Part of the Whitewater Valley Aquifer System near Richmond, Indiana, 2002-2003","docAbstract":"Assessments of the vulnerability to contamination of ground-water sources used by public-water systems, as mandated by the Federal Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1996, commonly have involved qualitative evaluations based on existing information on the geologic and hydrologic setting. The U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program has identified ground-water-age dating; detailed water-quality analyses of nitrate, pesticides, trace elements, and wastewater-related organic compounds; and assessed natural processes that affect those constituents as potential, unique improvements to existing methods of qualitative vulnerability assessment. To evaluate the improvement from use of these methods, in 2002 and 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Richmond, Indiana, compiled and interpreted hydrogeologic data and chemical analyses of water samples from seven wells in a part of the Whitewater Valley aquifer system in a former glacial valley near Richmond. This study investigated the application of ground-water-age dating, dissolved-gas analyses, and detailed water-quality analyses to quantitatively evaluate the vulnerability of ground water to contamination and to identify processes that affect the vulnerability to specific contaminants in an area of post-1972 greenfield development.
\nThe aquifer system in the study area includes an unconfined sand and gravel aquifer used for public-water supply (upper aquifer) and a confined sand and gravel aquifer (lower aquifer) separated by a till confining unit. Several hydrogeologic and cultural measures indicate that the upper aquifer is qualitatively vulnerable to contamination: the upper aquifer is unconfined and has a shallow depth to the water table (from about 4.75 to 14 feet below land surface), low-permeability sediments in the unsaturated zone are thin (less than 10 feet thick), estimated ground-water-flow rates through the upper aquifer are relatively rapid (the highest estimated rates ranged from 0.44 to about 5.0 feet per day), and potential contaminant sources were present.
\nGround-water-age dates indicate that ground-water samples represented recharge from about the time greenfield development began south of the ground-water-flow divide and that changes in water quality would lag changes in contaminant inputs. Estimates of ground-water age, computed with dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12) and trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC-113) concentrations in water samples collected from seven observation wells in February and March 2003, indicated that water in the upper aquifer had recharged within about 13 to 30 years before sampling. Ground-water ages were youngest (from about 13 to 15 years since recharge) in water from the shallow wells along the glacial-valley margin and oldest (30 years) in water from a well at the base of the aquifer in the valley center. Ground-water ages determined for the shallow wells may be affected by mixing of recent recharge with older ground water from deeper in the aquifer, as indicated by upward hydraulic gradients between paired shallow and deep wells in the upper aquifer. Other parts of the Whitewater Valley aquifer system with similar hydrogeologic characteristics could be expected to have similarly young ground-water ages and residence times.
\nAnalyses of water samples collected from the seven observation wells in August and September 2002 indicated that concentrations of chloride, sodium, and nitrate generally were larger in ground water from the upper aquifer than in other parts of the Whitewater Valley aquifer system. Drinking-water-quality standards for Indiana were exceeded in water samples from one well for chloride concentrations, from four wells for dissolved-solids concentrations, and from one well for nitrate concentrations. Application of low-level methods for trace-element analyses determined that concentrations of aluminum, cobalt, iron, lithium, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, uranium, vanadium, and zinc were less than or equal to 8 micrograms per liter; concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and copper were less than or equal to 1 microgram per liter. Application of low-level analytical methods to water samples enabled the detection of several pesticides and volatile, semivolatile, and wastewater-related organic compounds; concentrations of individual pesticides and volatile organic compounds were less than 0.1 microgram per liter and concentrations of individual wastewater organic compounds were less than 0.5 microgram per liter. The low-level analytical methods will provide useful data with which to compare future changes in water quality.
\nResults of detailed water-quality analyses, ground-waterage dating, and dissolved-gas analyses indicated the vulnerability of ground water to specific types of contamination, the sequence of contaminant introduction to the aquifer relative to greenfield development, and processes that may mitigate the contamination. Concentrations of chloride and sodium and chloride/bromide weight ratios in sampled water from five wells indicated the vulnerability of the upper aquifer to roaddeicer contamination. Ground-water-age estimates from these wells indicated the onset of upgradient road-deicer use within the previous 25 years. Nitrate in the upper aquifer predates the post-1972 development, based on a ground-water-age date (30 years) and the nitrate concentration (5.12 milligrams per liter as nitrogen) in water from a deep well. Vulnerability of the aquifer to nitrate contamination is limited partially by denitrification. Detection of one to four atrazine transformation products in water samples from the upper aquifer indicated biological and hydrochemical processes that may limit the vulnerability of the ground water to atrazine contamination. Microbial processes also may limit the aquifer vulnerability to small inputs of halogenated aliphatic compounds, as indicated by microbial transformations of trichlorofluoromethane and trichlorotrifluoroethane relative to dichlorodifluoromethane. The vulnerability of ground water to contamination in other parts of the aquifer system also may be mitigated by hydrodynamic dispersion and biologically mediated transformations of nitrate, pesticides, and some organic compounds. Identification of the sequence of contamination and processes affecting the vulnerability of ground water to contamination would have been unlikely with conventional assessment methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Society","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065281","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Richmond, Indiana","usgsCitation":"Buszka, P.M., Watson, L.R., and Greeman, T.K., 2007, Hydrogeology, Ground-Water-Age Dating, Water Quality, and Vulnerability of Ground Water to Contamination in a Part of the Whitewater Valley Aquifer System near Richmond, Indiana, 2002-2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5281, viii, 120 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065281.","productDescription":"viii, 120 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194396,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20065281.GIF"},{"id":9468,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5281/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana, Ohio","county":"Darke, Dearborn, Fayette, Franklin, Preble, Randolph, Union, Wayne","otherGeospatial":"Whitewater Valley Aquifer 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Paul M. 0000-0001-8218-826X pmbuszka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8218-826X","contributorId":1786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buszka","given":"Paul","email":"pmbuszka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watson, Lee R.","contributorId":83545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greeman, Theodore K.","contributorId":30655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeman","given":"Theodore","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79759,"text":"sir20065300 - 2007 - Characterization of habitat and biological communities at fixed sites in the Great Salt Lake basins, Utah, Idaho, and Wyoming, water years 1999-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T19:55:29","indexId":"sir20065300","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5300","title":"Characterization of habitat and biological communities at fixed sites in the Great Salt Lake basins, Utah, Idaho, and Wyoming, water years 1999-2001","docAbstract":"Habitat and biological communities were sampled at 10 sites in the Great Salt Lake Basins as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment program to assess the occurrence and distribution of biological organisms in relation to environmental conditions. Sites were distributed among the Bear River, Weber River, and Utah Lake/Jordan River basins and were selected to represent stream conditions in different land-use settings that are prominent within the basins, including agriculture, rangeland, urban, and forested.
High-gradient streams had more diverse habitat conditions with larger substrates and more dynamic flow characteristics and were typically lower in discharge than low-gradient streams, which had a higher degree of siltation and lacked variability in geomorphic channel characteristics, which may account for differences in habitat. Habitat scores were higher at high-gradient sites with high percentages of forested land use within their basins. Sources and causes of stream habitat impairment included effects from channel modifications, siltation, and riparian land use. Effects of hydrologic modifications were evident at many sites.
Algal sites where colder temperatures, less nutrient enrichment, and forest and rangeland uses dominated the basins contained communities that were more sensitive to organic pollution, siltation, dissolved oxygen, and salinity than sites that were warmer, had higher degrees of nutrient enrichment, and were affected by agriculture and urban land uses. Sites that had high inputs of solar radiation and generally were associated with agricultural land use supported the greatest number of algal species.
Invertebrate samples collected from sites where riffles were the richest-targeted habitat differed in species composition and pollution tolerance from those collected at sites that did not have riffle habitat (nonriffle sites), where samples were collected in depositional areas, woody snags, or macrophyte beds. Invertebrate taxa richness, pollution tolerance, and trophic interactions at riffle and nonriffle sites responded differently to environmental variables.
Fish communities were assessed in relation to the designated beneficial use for aquatic life for each site. Fish-community sites in basins where agriculture and urbanization were prevalent consistently had poorer conditions than sites with forest and rangeland uses. Warm temperatures appear to be limiting most native fish species, and more introduced, warm-water fish species were present at sites with warmer temperatures. Ranges of environmental conditions where native species were present or absent were identified.
The farthest-upstream site in each of the three basins had better ecological condition overall, as indicated by the integrity of habitat and the presence of more sensitive algae, invertebrate, and fish species than were observed at sites downstream. The farthest-downstream site in each of the three basins showed the poorest ecological condition, with more tolerant organisms present, degraded habitat and water-quality conditions, and a high degree of effects from agriculture, grazing, and urbanization. Of the mid-basin sites, the site most affected by urbanization had more degraded biological condition than the agricultural indicator site of similar basin size.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065300","usgsCitation":"Albano, C., and Giddings, E.M., 2007, Characterization of habitat and biological communities at fixed sites in the Great Salt Lake basins, Utah, Idaho, and Wyoming, water years 1999-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5300, x, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065300.","productDescription":"x, 82 p.","numberOfPages":"95","temporalStart":"1998-10-01","temporalEnd":"2001-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9434,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5300/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.236328125,\n 39.86758762451019\n ],\n [\n -111.87377929687499,\n 39.64799732373418\n ],\n [\n -111.324462890625,\n 40.019201307686785\n ],\n [\n -111.302490234375,\n 40.3130432088809\n ],\n [\n -110.753173828125,\n 40.98819156349393\n ],\n [\n -110.50048828124999,\n 41.902277040963696\n ],\n [\n -110.55541992187499,\n 42.601619944327965\n ],\n [\n -111.77490234375,\n 42.771211138625894\n ],\n [\n -112.412109375,\n 42.431565872579185\n ],\n [\n -112.510986328125,\n 41.566141964768384\n ],\n [\n -112.43408203124999,\n 41.15384235711447\n ],\n [\n -112.12646484375,\n 40.763901280945866\n ],\n [\n -112.236328125,\n 39.86758762451019\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4e48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albano, Christine M.","contributorId":17681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albano","given":"Christine M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giddings, Elise M. P.","contributorId":55819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giddings","given":"Elise","email":"","middleInitial":"M. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79761,"text":"sir20075026 - 2007 - Hydrologic conditions and water-quality conditions following underground coal mining in the North Fork of the Right Fork of Miller Creek drainage basin, Carbon and Emery Counties, Utah, 2004-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T09:39:06","indexId":"sir20075026","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5026","title":"Hydrologic conditions and water-quality conditions following underground coal mining in the North Fork of the Right Fork of Miller Creek drainage basin, Carbon and Emery Counties, Utah, 2004-2005","docAbstract":"In 2004 and 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, reassessed the hydrologic system in and around the drainage basin of the North Fork of the Right Fork (NFRF) of Miller Creek, in Carbon and Emery Counties, Utah. The reassessment occurred 13 years after cessation of underground coal mining that was performed beneath private land at shallow depths (30 to 880 feet) beneath the NFRF of Miller Creek. This study is a follow-up to a previous USGS study of the effects of underground coal mining on the hydrologic system in the area from 1988 to 1992. The previous study concluded that mining related subsidence had impacted the hydrologic system through the loss of streamflow over reaches of the perennial portion of the stream, and through a significant increase in dissolved solids in the stream. The previous study also reported that no substantial differences in spring-water quality resulted from longwall mining, and that no clear relationship between mining subsidence and spring discharge existed.
During the summers of 2004 and 2005, the USGS measured discharge and collected water-quality samples from springs and surface water at various locations in the NFRF of Miller Creek drainage basin, and maintained a streamflow-gaging station in the NFRF of Miller Creek. This study also utilized data collected by Cyprus–Plateau Mining Corporation from 1992 through 2001.
Of thirteen monitored springs, five have discharge levels that have not returned to those observed prior to August 1988, which is when longwall coal mining began beneath the NFRF of Miller Creek. Discharge at two of these five springs appears to fluctuate with wet and dry cycles and is currently low due to a drought that occurred from 1999–2004. Discharge at two other of the five springs did not increase with increased precipitation during the mid-1990s, as was observed at other monitored springs. This suggests that flowpaths to these springs may have been altered by land subsidence caused by underground coal mining. Analysis of possible impacts to the fifth spring were inconclusive due to a lack of data collected during the mid-1990s. Discharge at eight other monitored springs in the study area appears to be controlled mainly by climatic fluctuations and was generally near the value measured prior to 1988. Discharge at one of these eight springs is significantly greater than that measured during the longwall mining period. Concentrations of magnesium, calcium, sulfate, and dissolved solids at one undermined spring were elevated in relation to other springs in the study area. Dissolved solids concentration at this spring ranged from 539–709 milligrams per liter. Dissolved-solids concentration for all other springs in the study area ranged from 163 to 360 milligrams per liter and was near the median value measured prior to longwall mining beneath the NFRF of Miller Creek drainage basin.
Baseflow measured at a streamflow-gaging station on the NFRF of Miller Creek located downstream of the mined area during the summer of 2004 was near 5 gallons per minute. Baseflow in 2005 increased to 7–8 gallons per minute, due to increased precipitation. This is slightly greater than the range of baseflow measured near the end of the longwall mining period which was approximately 3–5 gallons per minute.
Seepage investigations carried out in the summer of 2004 and 2005 along the NFRF of Miller Creek showed a net loss of surface flow along the studied reach. Specific areas within the study reach had streamflow losses prior to longwall mining, however, the study reach as a whole was observed to gain in discharge when measured in 1986–1988, immediately before longwall mining began. The area where the greatest loss in discharge from the NFRF of Miller Creek occurred corresponds to an area where overburden (material overlying a deposit of useful geological materials or bedrock) is between 700 and 210 feet thick. Overburden thickness at the place where the streambed first dried up was approximately 600 feet thick. In 2004, approximately 1,600 ft of the streambed of the NFRF of Miller Creek was dry. Only 300 feet of the streambed was dry during the wetter year of 2005. Prior to longwall mining, no dry reaches were observed, though seepage loss was documented. Average discharge measured at a tributary to the NFRF of Miller Creek has increased from 1.6 gallons per minute measured during longwall mining to 7.2 gallons per minute measured in 2004–2005. During both years of this study, the lower reach of the stream regained flow from this tributary and from seepage gains.
Water quality in the lower reach of the NFRF of Miller Creek downstream of the longwall-mined area, showed significantly higher concentrations of magnesium, calcium, sulfate, and strontium, in relation to water in the upper reach of the NFRF of Miller Creek and to the springs sampled in the area. Dissolved-solids concentration measured in the lower reach of the stream in 2004 and 2005 ranged from 1,880 to 2,220 milligrams per liter, while sulfate concentrations ranged from 1,090 to 1,320 mg/L. The maximum contaminant level for drinking water in the state of Utah for dissolved solids and sulfate is 2,000 and 1,000 mg/L respectively. Concentrations of these ions are slightly greater than those measured during and just following mining beneath the NFRF of Miller Creek drainage basin, but are significantly higher than those measured prior to mining. With the exception of strontium, dissolved metals concentrations in the NFRF of Miller Creek were similar to those measured in area springs. pH in the creek and at all spring sites was near neutral. Qualitative observations of the creek bottom suggest that mining-related activities have had little effect on vegetative growth.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20075026","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Wilkowske, C., Cillessen, J., and Brinton, P., 2007, Hydrologic conditions and water-quality conditions following underground coal mining in the North Fork of the Right Fork of Miller Creek drainage basin, Carbon and Emery Counties, Utah, 2004-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5026, vi, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075026.","productDescription":"vi, 62 p.","numberOfPages":"71","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9436,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5026/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Carbon County, Emery County","otherGeospatial":"Miller Creek drainage basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.12945556640625,\n 39.47383544493172\n ],\n [\n -111.12945556640625,\n 39.5633531658293\n ],\n [\n -110.91041564941406,\n 39.5633531658293\n ],\n [\n -110.91041564941406,\n 39.47383544493172\n ],\n [\n -111.12945556640625,\n 39.47383544493172\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db61460a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilkowske, C.D.","contributorId":63050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkowske","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cillessen, J.L.","contributorId":33803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cillessen","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brinton, P.N.","contributorId":37844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brinton","given":"P.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79758,"text":"ofr20071048 - 2007 - Chemical and hydrologic data from the Cement Creek and upper Animas River confluence and mixing zone, Silverton, Colorado, September 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T10:34:20","indexId":"ofr20071048","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1048","title":"Chemical and hydrologic data from the Cement Creek and upper Animas River confluence and mixing zone, Silverton, Colorado, September 1997","docAbstract":"Cement Creek, an acidic tributary, discharges into the circum-neutral Animas River (pH>7) in Silverton, Colorado located in the high-elevation San Juan Mountains. Mixing of Animas River water with acidic metal rich Cement Creek water raises water pH and produces metal precipitates. This report presents selected anion, cation, chloride, and sulfate data along with hydrologic data highlighting the mixing of these streams during the low-flow period in late summer 1997.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071048","usgsCitation":"Schemel, L.E., and Cox, M.H., 2007, Chemical and hydrologic data from the Cement Creek and upper Animas River confluence and mixing zone, Silverton, Colorado, September 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1048, iv, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071048.","productDescription":"iv, 4 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1997-09-01","temporalEnd":"1997-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192418,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9433,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1048/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Silverton","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.71820068359374,\n 37.77505678240509\n ],\n [\n -107.62069702148438,\n 37.77505678240509\n ],\n [\n -107.62069702148438,\n 37.85100126460795\n ],\n [\n -107.71820068359374,\n 37.85100126460795\n ],\n [\n -107.71820068359374,\n 37.77505678240509\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b1e4b07f02db5307b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schemel, Laurence E. lschemel@usgs.gov","contributorId":4085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schemel","given":"Laurence","email":"lschemel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, Marisa H.","contributorId":52146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Marisa","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79757,"text":"tm5A9 - 2007 - Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group--Determination of dissolved isoxaflutole and its sequential degradation products, diketonitrile and benzoic acid, in water using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T10:40:20","indexId":"tm5A9","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"5-A9","title":"Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group--Determination of dissolved isoxaflutole and its sequential degradation products, diketonitrile and benzoic acid, in water using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"An analytical method for the determination of isoxaflutole and its sequential degradation products, diketonitrile and a benzoic acid analogue, in filtered water with varying matrices was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group in Lawrence, Kansas. Four different water-sample matrices fortified at 0.02 and 0.10 ug/L (micrograms per liter) are extracted by vacuum manifold solid-phase extraction and analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization in negative-ion mode with multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM). Analytical conditions for mass spectrometry detection are optimized, and quantitation is carried out using the following MRM molecular-hydrogen (precursor) ion and product (p) ion transition pairs: 357.9 (precursor), 78.9 (p), and 277.6 (p) for isoxaflutole and diketonitrile, and 267.0 (precursor), 159.0 (p), and 223.1 (p) for benzoic acid. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-d3 is used as the internal standard, and alachlor ethanesulfonic acid-d5 is used as the surrogate standard.\r\n\r\nCompound detection limits and reporting levels are calculated using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency procedures. The mean solid-phase extraction recovery values ranged from 104 to 108 percent with relative standard deviation percentages ranging from 4.0 to 10.6 percent. The combined mean percentage concentration normalized to the theoretical spiked concentration of four water matrices analyzed eight times at 0.02 and 0.10 ug/L (seven times for the reagent-water matrix at 0.02 ug/L) ranged from approximately 75 to 101 percent with relative standard deviation percentages ranging from approximately 3 to 26 percent for isoxaflutole, diketonitrile, and benzoic acid. The method detection limit (MDL) for isoxaflutole and diketonitrile is 0.003 ug/L and 0.004 ug/L for benzoic acid. Method reporting levels (MRLs) are 0.011, 0.010, and 0.012 ug/L for isoxaflutole, diketonitrile, and benzoic acid, respectively. On the basis of the calculated MRLs and MDLs and evaluation of the signal-to-noise ratios for each compound, the MRLs and MDLs are set at 0.010 and 0.003 ug/L, respectively, for all three compounds.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tm5A9","usgsCitation":"Meyer, M.T., Lee, E., and Scribner, E.A., 2007, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group--Determination of dissolved isoxaflutole and its sequential degradation products, diketonitrile and benzoic acid, in water using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 5-A9, vi, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm5A9.","productDescription":"vi, 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124950,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_5_a9.jpg"},{"id":9432,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2007/tm5a9/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62baf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, Edward A.","contributorId":47475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Edward A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scribner, Elisabeth A.","contributorId":80265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scribner","given":"Elisabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79754,"text":"ofr20071025 - 2007 - Floodwater chemistry in the Yolo Bypass during winter and spring, 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T10:31:56","indexId":"ofr20071025","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1025","title":"Floodwater chemistry in the Yolo Bypass during winter and spring, 1998","docAbstract":"A preliminary investigation of temporal and spatial variations in floodwater chemistry was conducted during winter and spring 1998 in the Yolo Bypass floodplain of the Sacramento River system. Samples were collected at locations along the eastern margin of the floodplain over the duration of the study and across the floodplain during major periods of inundation. Specific conductance and dissolved organic carbon concentrations along the eastern margin of the Yolo Bypass varied inversely with discharge. The Sacramento River was the greatest source of discharge to the floodplain during major periods of inundation. Increases in specific conductance and dissolved organic carbon were observed along the eastern margin during periods of lower discharge, when local streams accounted for a significant fraction of the total discharge through the Yolo Bypass. Apparent influences of local stream discharges also were observed in surface waters near the western margin of the floodplain during major periods of inundation. Although river and local stream sources of suspended particulate matter appeared important, in-floodplain processes were likely contributors to temporal and spatial variability in concentrations. Values for the C:N ratio of the particulate matter were lowest during periods of decreasing and low discharge through the floodplain, indicating production of phytoplankton in floodplain waters or supply to the floodplain by local stream sources. Phytoplankton discharged from the Yolo Bypass was detected by chlorophyll a monitors downstream in the Sacramento River during this study.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071025","usgsCitation":"Schemel, L.E., and Cox, M.H., 2007, Floodwater chemistry in the Yolo Bypass during winter and spring, 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1025, v, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071025.","productDescription":"v, 13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9429,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1025/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df74b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schemel, Laurence E. lschemel@usgs.gov","contributorId":4085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schemel","given":"Laurence","email":"lschemel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, Marisa H.","contributorId":52146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Marisa","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79749,"text":"ofr20071080 - 2007 - Streamflow and nutrient fluxes of the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin and subbasins for the period of record through 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-20T10:34:42","indexId":"ofr20071080","displayToPublicDate":"2007-04-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1080","displayTitle":"Streamflow and Nutrient Fluxes of the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin and Subbasins for the Period of Record Through 2005","title":"Streamflow and nutrient fluxes of the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin and subbasins for the period of record through 2005","docAbstract":"U.S. Geological Survey has monitored streamflow and water quality systematically in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB) for more than five decades. This report provides streamflow and estimates of nutrient delivery (flux) to the Gulf of Mexico from both the Atchafalaya River and the main stem of the Mississippi River. This report provides streamflow and nutrient flux estimates for nine major subbasins of the Mississippi River. This report also provides streamflow and flux estimates for 21 selected subbasins of various sizes, hydrology, land use, and geographic location within the Basin. The information is provided at each station for the period for which sufficient water-quality data are available to make statistically based flux estimates (starting as early as water year1 1960 and going through water year 2005). Nutrient fluxes are estimated using the adjusted maximum likelihood estimate, a type of regression-model method; nutrient fluxes to the Gulf of Mexico also are estimated using the composite method. Regression models were calibrated using a 5-year moving calibration period; the model was used to estimate the last year of the calibration period. Nutrient flux estimates are provided for six water-quality constituents: dissolved nitrite plus nitrate, total organic nitrogen plus ammonia nitrogen (total Kjeldahl nitrogen), dissolved ammonia, total phosphorous, dissolved orthophosphate, and dissolved silica.\r\n\r\nAdditionally, the contribution of streamflow and net nutrient flux for five large subbasins comprising the MARB were determined from streamflow and nutrient fluxes from seven of the aforementioned major subbasins. These five large subbasins are: 1. Lower Mississippi, 2. Upper Mississippi, 3. Ohio/Tennessee, 4. Missouri, and 5. Arkansas/Red.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071080","usgsCitation":"Aulenbach, B.T., Buxton, H.T., Battaglin, W.A., and Coupe, R.H., 2007, Streamflow and nutrient fluxes of the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin and subbasins for the period of record through 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1080, Available online only, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071080.","productDescription":"Available online only","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1959-10-01","temporalEnd":"2005-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":443,"text":"National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9423,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1080/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Atchfalaya River Basin, Mississippi River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.5872802734375,\n 29.204918463909035\n ],\n [\n -89.813232421875,\n 29.204918463909035\n ],\n [\n -89.813232421875,\n 32.71797709835758\n ],\n [\n -92.5872802734375,\n 32.71797709835758\n ],\n [\n -92.5872802734375,\n 29.204918463909035\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4f8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aulenbach, Brent T. 0000-0003-2863-1288 btaulenb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2863-1288","contributorId":3057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulenbach","given":"Brent","email":"btaulenb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buxton, Herbert T. hbuxton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"Herbert","email":"hbuxton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coupe, Richard H. 0000-0001-8679-1015 rhcoupe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-1015","contributorId":551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"Richard","email":"rhcoupe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":79745,"text":"sir20065271 - 2007 - Hydrogeology and Simulated Ground-Water Flow in the Salt Pond Region of Southern Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-17T14:20:40","indexId":"sir20065271","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5271","title":"Hydrogeology and Simulated Ground-Water Flow in the Salt Pond Region of Southern Rhode Island","docAbstract":"The Salt Pond region of southern Rhode Island extends from Westerly to Narragansett Bay and forms the natural boundary between the Atlantic Ocean and the shallow, highly permeable freshwater aquifer of the South Coastal Basin. Large inputs of fresh ground water coupled with the low flushing rates to the open ocean make the salt ponds particularly susceptible to eutrophication and bacterial contamination. Ground-water discharge to the salt ponds is an important though poorly quantified source of contaminants, such as dissolved nutrients. \r\n\r\nA ground-water-flow model was developed and used to delineate the watersheds to the salt ponds, including the areas that contribute ground water directly to the ponds and the areas that contribute ground water to streams that flow into ponds. The model also was used to calculate ground-water fluxes to these coastal areas for long-term average conditions. As part of the modeling analysis, adjustments were made to model input parameters to assess potential uncertainties in model-calculated watershed delineations and in ground-water discharge to the salt ponds. \r\n\r\nThe results of the simulations indicate that flow to the salt ponds is affected primarily by the ease with which water is transmitted through a glacial moraine deposit near the regional ground-water divide, and by the specified recharge rate used in the model simulations. The distribution of the total freshwater flow between direct ground-water discharge and ground-water-derived surface-water (streamflow) discharge to the salt ponds is affected primarily by simulated stream characteristics, including the streambed-aquifer connection and the stream stage. The simulated position of the ground-water divide and, therefore, the model-calculated watershed delineations for the salt ponds, were affected only by changes in the transmissivity of the glacial moraine.\r\n\r\nSelected changes in other simulated hydraulic parameters had substantial effects on total freshwater discharge and the distribution of direct ground-water discharge and ground-water-derived surface-water (streamflow) discharge to the salt ponds, but still provided a reasonable match to the hydrologic data available for model calibration. To reduce the uncertainty in predictions of watershed areas and ground-water discharge to the salt ponds, additional hydrogeologic data would be required to constrain the model input parameters that have the greatest effect on the simulation results.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065271","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council","usgsCitation":"Masterson, J., Sorenson, J.R., Stone, J.R., Moran, S.B., and Hougham, A., 2007, Hydrogeology and Simulated Ground-Water Flow in the Salt Pond Region of Southern Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5271, viii, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065271.","productDescription":"viii, 57 p.","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9418,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5271/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8b91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masterson, John P. 0000-0003-3202-4413 jpmaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3202-4413","contributorId":1865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masterson","given":"John P.","email":"jpmaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sorenson, Jason R. 0000-0001-5553-8594 jsorenso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5553-8594","contributorId":3468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorenson","given":"Jason","email":"jsorenso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stone, Janet Radway jrstone@usgs.gov","contributorId":1695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Janet","email":"jrstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Radway","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moran, S. Bradley","contributorId":101339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bradley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hougham, Andrea","contributorId":81207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hougham","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":79739,"text":"sir20065154 - 2007 - Estimated water use and availability in the Pawtuxet and Quinebaug River basins, Rhode Island, 1995-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-25T10:59:43","indexId":"sir20065154","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5154","title":"Estimated water use and availability in the Pawtuxet and Quinebaug River basins, Rhode Island, 1995-99","docAbstract":"Water availability became a concern in Rhode Island during a drought in 1999, and an investigation was needed to assess demands on the hydrologic system from withdrawals during periods of little to no precipitation. The low water levels during the drought prompted the U.S. Geological Survey and the Rhode Island Water Resources Board to begin a series of studies on water use and availability in each drainage area in Rhode Island for 1995–99. The study area for this report, which includes the Pawtuxet River Basin in central Rhode Island (231.6 square miles) and the Quinebaug River Basin in western Rhode Island (60.97 square miles), was delineated as the surface-water drainage areas of these basins.
During the study period from 1995 through 1999, two major water suppliers withdrew an average of 71.86 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) from the Pawtuxet River Basin; of this amount, about 35.98 Mgal/d of potable water were exported to other basins in Rhode Island. The estimated water withdrawals from minor water suppliers were 0.026 Mgal/d in the Pawtuxet River Basin and 0.003 Mgal/d in the Quinebaug River Basin. Total self-supply withdrawals were 2.173 Mgal/d in the Pawtuxet River Basin and 0.360 Mgal/d in the Quinebaug River Basin, which has no public water supply. Total water use averaged 18.07 Mgal/d in the Pawtuxet River Basin and 0.363 Mgal/d in the Quinebaug River Basin. Total return flow in the Pawtuxet River Basin was 30.64 Mgal/d, which included about 12.28 Mgal/d that were imported from other basins in Rhode Island. Total return flow was 0.283 Mgal/d in the Quinebaug River Basin.
During times of little to no recharge in the form of precipitation, the surface- and ground-water flows are from storage primarily in the stratified sand and gravel deposits; water also flows through the till deposits, but at a slower rate. The ground water discharging to the streams during times of little to no recharge from precipitation is referred to as base flow. The PART program, a computerized hydrograph-separation application, was used to analyze the data collected at two selected index stream-gaging stations to determine water availability on the basis of the 75th, 50th, and 25th percentiles of the total base flow; the base flow for the 7-day, 10-year low-flow scenario; and the base flow for the Aquatic Base Flow scenario for both stations. The index stream-gaging stations used in the analysis were the Branch River at Forestdale, Rhode Island (period of record 1957–1999) and the Nooseneck River at Nooseneck, Rhode Island (period of record 1964–1980). A regression equation was used to estimate unknown base-flow contributions from sand and gravel deposits at the two stations. The base-flow contributions from sand and gravel deposits and till deposits at the index stations were computed for June, July, August, and September within the periods of record, and divided by the area of each type of surficial deposit at each index station. These months were selected because they define a period when there is usually an increased demand for water and little to no precipitation. The base flows at the stream-gaging station Branch River at Forestdale, Rhode Island were lowest in August at the 75th, 50th, and 25th percentiles (29.67, 21.48, and 13.30 Mgal/d, respectively). The base flows at the stream-gaging station Nooseneck River at Nooseneck, Rhode Island were lowest in September at the 75th percentile (3.551 Mgal/d) and lowest in August at the 50th and 25th percentiles (2.554 and 1.811 Mgal/d).
The base flows per unit area for the index stations were multiplied by the areas of sand and gravel and till in the studyarea subbasins to determine the amount of available water for each scenario. The water availability in the Pawtuxet River Basin at the 50th percentile ranged from 126.5 Mgal/d in August to 204.7 Mgal/d in June, and the total gross water availability for the 7-day, 10-year low-flow scenario at the 50th percentile ranged from 112.2 Mgal/d in August to 190.4 Mgal/d in June. The Scituate Reservoir safe yield was 83 Mgal/d in all scenarios. Water availability in the Quinebaug River Basin ranged from 13.94 Mgal/d in August to 30.53 Mgal/d in June at the 50th percentile. The total gross water availability for the 7-day, 10-year low-flow scenario at the 50th percentile ranged from 14.26 Mgal/d in August to 42.69 Mgal/d in June.
Because water withdrawals and use are greater during the summer than other times of the year, water availability in June, July, August, and September was compared to water withdrawals in the basin and subbasins. The ratios of water withdrawn to water available were calculated for the 75th, 50th, and 25th percentiles for the subbasins; the closer the ratio is to 1, the closer the withdrawals are to the estimated water available, and the less net water is available. Withdrawals in July were higher than in the other summer months in both basins. In the Pawtuxet River Basin, the ratios were close to 1 in July for the estimated gross yield (from sand and gravel and from till and from the Scituate Reservoir safe yield), 7-day, 10-year low-flow scenario, and Aquatic Base Flow scenario at the 75th percentile and in August for all three scenarios at the 50th and 25th percentiles. In the Quinebaug River Basin, the ratios were close to 1 in August for the estimated gross yield; 7-day, 10-year low-flow scenario; and Aquatic Base Flow scenario.
A long-term water budget was calculated for 1941 through 1999 to identify and assess the basin and subbasin inflow and outflows for the Pawtuxet and Quinebaug River Basins. The water withdrawals and return flows used in the budget were from 1995 through 1999. Inflow was assumed to be equal to outflow; total inflows and outflows were 574.9 Mgal/d in the Pawtuxet River Basin and 148.4 Mgal/d in the Quinebaug River Basin. Precipitation and return flow were 95 and 5 percent of the estimated inflows to the Pawtuxet River Basin, respectively. Precipitation was 100 percent of the estimated inflow to the Quinebaug River Basin; return flow was less than 1 percent of the inflow. Evapotranspiration, streamflow, and water withdrawals were 46, 41, and 13 percent, respectively, of the estimated outflows in the Pawtuxet River Basin. Evapotranspiration and streamflow were 49 and 51 percent, respectively, of the estimated outflows in the Quinebaug River Basin. Water withdrawals were less than 1 percent of outflows in the Quinebaug River Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20065154","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Rhode Island Water Resources Board","usgsCitation":"Wild, E.C., and Nimiroski, M.T., 2007, Estimated water use and availability in the Pawtuxet and Quinebaug River basins, Rhode Island, 1995-99: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5154, vii, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065154.","productDescription":"vii, 68 p.","temporalStart":"1995-01-01","temporalEnd":"1999-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190826,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20065154.JPG"},{"id":9410,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5154/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Pawtuxet and Quinebaug River basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.7572021484375,\n 42.0064481470799\n ],\n [\n -71.74346923828125,\n 41.97582726102573\n ],\n [\n -71.72698974609375,\n 41.94110578381598\n ],\n [\n -71.70639038085936,\n 41.89409955811395\n ],\n [\n -71.69677734375,\n 41.86853817536259\n ],\n [\n -71.6473388671875,\n 41.864447405239375\n ],\n [\n -71.6033935546875,\n 41.898188430430444\n ],\n [\n -71.57180786132812,\n 41.88694340165634\n ],\n [\n -71.55258178710938,\n 41.86240192202145\n ],\n [\n -71.50177001953125,\n 41.84501267270692\n ],\n [\n -71.47293090820311,\n 41.83785101947692\n ],\n [\n -71.42898559570312,\n 41.822501920711076\n ],\n [\n -71.39877319335938,\n 41.78360106648078\n ],\n [\n -71.40975952148438,\n 41.75287318430239\n ],\n [\n -71.43722534179688,\n 41.71085461169185\n ],\n [\n -71.47018432617188,\n 41.68932225997044\n ],\n [\n -71.50726318359375,\n 41.67086022030498\n ],\n [\n -71.54571533203125,\n 41.64520971221468\n ],\n [\n -71.56768798828125,\n 41.60312076451184\n ],\n [\n -71.6253662109375,\n 41.60722821271717\n ],\n [\n -71.66107177734375,\n 41.65752323108278\n ],\n [\n -71.68167114257812,\n 41.672911819602085\n ],\n [\n -71.72286987304688,\n 41.66675682554943\n ],\n [\n -71.79153442382812,\n 41.67393759473024\n ],\n [\n -71.79977416992188,\n 42.00950942549379\n ],\n [\n -71.7572021484375,\n 42.0064481470799\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd464","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wild, Emily C. 0000-0001-6157-7629 ecwild@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6157-7629","contributorId":1810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wild","given":"Emily","email":"ecwild@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5081,"text":"Libraries","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nimiroski, Mark T.","contributorId":65898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimiroski","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79740,"text":"ofr20061113 - 2007 - U.S. Geological Survey scientific activities in the exploration of Antarctica: 2002-03 field season","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T14:43:55","indexId":"ofr20061113","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1113","title":"U.S. Geological Survey scientific activities in the exploration of Antarctica: 2002-03 field season","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) mapping program in Antarctica is one of the longest continuously funded projects in the United States Antarctic Program (USAP). This is the 53rd U.S. expedition to Antarctica in which USGS scientists have participated. The financial support from the National Science Foundation, which extends back to the time of the International Geophysical Year (IGY) in 1956–57, can be attributed to the need for accurate maps of specific field areas or regions where NSF-funded science projects were planned. The epoch of Antarctic exploration during the IGY was being driven by science, and, in a spirit of peaceful cooperation, the international scientific community wanted to limit military activities on the continent to logistical support. The USGS, a Federal civilian science agency in the Department of the Interior, had, since its founding in 1879, carried out numerous field-based national (and some international) programs in biology, geology, hydrology, and mapping. Therefore, the USGS was the obvious choice for these tasks, because it already had a professional staff of experienced mapmakers and program managers with the foresight, dedication, and understanding of the need for accurate maps to support the science programs in Antarctica when asked to do so by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. Public Laws 85-743 and 87-626, signed in August 1958 and in September 1962, respectively, authorized the Secretary, U.S. Department of the Interior, through the USGS, to support mapping and scientific work in Antarctica. The USGS mapping and science programs still play a significant role in the advancement of science in Antarctica today. Antarctica is the planet's 5th largest continent [13.2 million km2 (5.1 million mi2)], it contains the world's largest (of two) remaining ice sheets, and it is considered to be one of the most important scientific laboratories on Earth. This report provides documentation of USGS scientific activities in the exploration of Antarctica during the 2002–03 field season (Mullins, 2002).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061113","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with United States Antarctic Program, National Science Foundation","usgsCitation":"Meunier, T.K., Williams, R.S., and Ferrigno, J.G., 2007, U.S. Geological Survey scientific activities in the exploration of Antarctica: 2002-03 field season: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1113, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061113.","productDescription":"5 p.","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20061113.png"},{"id":9411,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1113/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":293506,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1113/pdf/2006-1113.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-85.1 ], [ -180.0,-60.0 ], [ 180.0,-60.0 ], [ 180.0,-85.1 ], [ -180.0,-85.1 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db612ad8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meunier, Tony K.","contributorId":52662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meunier","given":"Tony","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":19946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79742,"text":"ofr20061116 - 2007 - U.S. Geological Survey scientific activities in the exploration of Antarctica: 1946-2006 record of personnel in Antarctica and their postal cachets: U.S. Navy (1946-48, 1954-60), International Geophysical Year (1957-58), and USGS (1960-2006)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T14:43:15","indexId":"ofr20061116","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1116","title":"U.S. Geological Survey scientific activities in the exploration of Antarctica: 1946-2006 record of personnel in Antarctica and their postal cachets: U.S. Navy (1946-48, 1954-60), International Geophysical Year (1957-58), and USGS (1960-2006)","docAbstract":"Antarctica, a vast region encompassing 13.2 million km2 (5.1 million mi2), is considered to be one of the most important scientific laboratories on Earth. During the past 60 years, the USGS, in collaboration and with logistical support from the National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs, has sent 325 USGS scientists to Antarctica to work on a wide range of projects: 169 personnel from the NMD (mostly aerial photography, surveying, and geodesy, primarily used for the modern mapping of Antarctica), 138 personnel from the GD (mostly geophysical and geological studies onshore and offshore), 15 personnel from the WRD (mostly hydrological/glaciological studies in the McMurdo Dry Valleys), 2 personnel from the BRD (microbiological studies in the McMurdo Dry Valleys), and 1 person from the Director's Office (P. Patrick Leahy, Acting Director, 2005–06 austral field season). Three GD scientists and three NMD scientists have carried out field work in Antarctica 9 or more times: John C. Behrendt (15), who started in 1956–57 and published two memoirs (Behrendt, 1998, 2005), Arthur B. Ford (10), who started in 1960–61, and Gary D. Clow (9), who started in 1985–86; Larry D. Hothem (12), who began as a winter-over geodesist at Mawson Station in 1968–69, and Jerry L. Mullins (12), who started in 1982–83 and followed in the legendary footsteps of his NMD predecessor, William R. MacDonald (9), who started in 1960–61 and supervised the acquisition of more than 1,000,000 square miles of aerial photography of Antarctica. This report provides a record as complete as possible, of USGS and non-USGS collaborating personnel in Antarctica from 1946–2006, the geographic locations of their work, and their scientific/engineering disciplines represented. Postal cachets for each year follow the table of personnel and scientific activities in the exploration of Antarctica during those 60 years.
\nTo commemorate special events and projects in Antarctica, it became an international practice to create postal cachets. A cachet is defined as a seal, emblem, or commemorative design printed or stamped on an envelope to mark a philatelic or special event. All stamp collectors are familiar with engraved cachets on envelopes of \"First-Day-of-Issue\" stamps. For Antarctica, a stamped (inked) impression informs the scientist, historian, stamp collector, and general public about the multidisciplinary science projects staffed by USGS scientists and other specialists during a specific austral summer field season. Because philatelic cachets were created by team members for each USGS field season, in most cases depicting the specific areas and scientific objectives, the cachets have become a convenient documentation of the people, projects, and geographic places for that year. Because the cachets are representative of USGS activities, each year's cachet is included in that year's Open-File Report (1960–61 to 2005–06). Starting with the 1983–84 season, however, two USGS cachets were prepared for the next seven years, one for the winter team at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, until 1992–93, and the other for all other field sites. Multiple cachets were created by USGS divisional programs during the 1962–63, 1963–64, 1970–71, 1972–73, 1975–76, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1983–84, 1984–85, 1986–87, 1995–96, 2003–04, and the 2005–06 years.
\nThis report includes facsimiles of each annual postal cachet (or postal cachets) designed by USGS graphic specialists and provides a record of USGS personnel (and non-USGS collaborating scientists) and their science division affiliation for each austral field season. In addition, cachets used by USGS personnel for U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (1946–47), U.S. Navy Operation Windmill (1947–48), U.S. Navy U.S.S. Atka reconnaissance cruise (1954–55), U.S. Navy Operation Deep Freeze (DF) (I, 1955–56; II, 1956–57; III, 1957–58; IV, 1958–59; and DF 60, 1959–60), and the International Geophysical Year (1957–58) are included, because USGS scientists made use of these cachets when involved in each of the field activities during these austral field seasons.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061116","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with United States Antarctic Program, National Science Foundation","usgsCitation":"Meunier, T.K., Williams, R.S., and Ferrigno, J.G., 2007, U.S. Geological Survey scientific activities in the exploration of Antarctica: 1946-2006 record of personnel in Antarctica and their postal cachets: U.S. Navy (1946-48, 1954-60), International Geophysical Year (1957-58), and USGS (1960-2006): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1116, ii, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061116.","productDescription":"ii, 57 p.","numberOfPages":"60","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20061116.png"},{"id":293495,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1116/pdf/2006-1116.pdf"},{"id":9413,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1116/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-85.1 ], [ -180.0,-60.0 ], [ 180.0,-60.0 ], [ 180.0,-85.1 ], [ -180.0,-85.1 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db612f84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meunier, Tony K.","contributorId":52662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meunier","given":"Tony","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":19946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79741,"text":"ofr20061114 - 2007 - U.S. Geological Survey scientific activities in the exploration of Antarctica: 1995-96 field season","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T14:43:34","indexId":"ofr20061114","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1114","title":"U.S. Geological Survey scientific activities in the exploration of Antarctica: 1995-96 field season","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) mapping program in Antarctica is one of the longest continuously funded projects in the United States Antarctic Program (USAP). This is the 46th U.S. expedition to Antarctica in which USGS scientists have participated. The financial support from the National Science Foundation, which extends back to the time of the International Geophysical Year (IGY) in 1956-57, can be attributed to the need for accurate maps of specific field areas or regions where NSF-funded science projects were planned. The epoch of Antarctic exploration during the IGY was being driven by science and, in a spirit of peaceful cooperation, the international scientific community wanted to limit military activities on the continent to logistical support. The USGS, a Federal civilian science agency in the Department of the Interior, had, since its founding in 1879, carried out numerous field-based national (and some international) programs in biology, geology, hydrology, and mapping. Therefore, the USGS was the obvious choice for these tasks, because it already had a professional staff of experienced mapmakers and program managers with the foresight, dedication, and understanding of the need for accurate maps to support the science programs in Antarctica when asked to do so by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. Public Laws 85-743 and 87-626, signed in August 1958 and in September 1962, respectively, authorized the Secretary, U.S. Department of the Interior, through the USGS, to support mapping and scientific work in Antarctica. The USGS mapping and science programs still play a significant role in the advancement of science in Antarctica today. Antarctica is the planet's 5th largest continent (13.2 million km2 (5.1 million mi2)), it contains the world's largest (of two) remaining ice sheet, and it is considered to be one of the most important scientific laboratories on Earth. This report provides documentation of USGS scientific activities in the exploration of Antarctica during the 1995-96 field season (Mullins and Meunier, 1995).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061114","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with United States Antarctic Program, National Science Foundation","usgsCitation":"Meunier, T.K., Williams, R.S., and Ferrigno, J.G., 2007, U.S. Geological Survey scientific activities in the exploration of Antarctica: 1995-96 field season: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1114, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061114.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1995-01-01","temporalEnd":"1996-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20061114.png"},{"id":9412,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1114/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":293500,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1114/pdf/2006-1114.pdf"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-85.1 ], [ -180.0,-60.0 ], [ 180.0,-60.0 ], [ 180.0,-85.1 ], [ -180.0,-85.1 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db61282a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meunier, Tony K.","contributorId":52662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meunier","given":"Tony","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":19946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferrigno, Jane G. jferrign@usgs.gov","contributorId":39825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrigno","given":"Jane","email":"jferrign@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79744,"text":"ds252 - 2007 - Surface-Water Conditions in Georgia, Water Year 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-02T11:25:44","indexId":"ds252","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"252","title":"Surface-Water Conditions in Georgia, Water Year 2005","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Georgia Water Science Center-in cooperation with Federal, State, and local agencies-collected surface-water streamflow, water-quality, and ecological data during the 2005 Water Year (October 1, 2004-September 30, 2005). These data were compiled into layers of an interactive ArcReaderTM published map document (pmf). ArcReaderTM is a product of Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc (ESRI?). Datasets represented on the interactive map are\r\n* continuous daily mean streamflow \r\n* continuous daily mean water levels \r\n* continuous daily total precipitation \r\n* continuous daily water quality (water temperature, specific conductance dissolved oxygen, pH, and turbidity) \r\n* noncontinuous peak streamflow \r\n* miscellaneous streamflow measurements \r\n* lake or reservoir elevation \r\n* periodic surface-water quality \r\n* periodic ecological data \r\n* historical continuous daily mean streamflow discontinued prior to the 2005 water year \r\n\r\nThe map interface provides the ability to identify a station in spatial reference to the political boundaries of the State of Georgia and other features-such as major streams, major roads, and other collection stations. Each station is hyperlinked to a station summary showing seasonal and annual stream characteristics for the current year and for the period of record. For continuous discharge stations, the station summary includes a one page graphical summary page containing five graphs, a station map, and a photograph of the station. The graphs provide a quick overview of the current and period-of-record hydrologic conditions of the station by providing a daily mean discharge graph for the water year, monthly statistics graph for the water year and period of record, an annual mean streamflow graph for the period of record, an annual minimum 7-day average streamflow graph for the period of record, and an annual peak streamflow graph for the period of record. Additionally, data can be accessed through the layer's link to the National Water Inventory System Web (NWISWeb) Interface.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ds252","usgsCitation":"Painter, J.A., and Landers, M.N., 2007, Surface-Water Conditions in Georgia, Water Year 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 252, Available as a CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds252.","productDescription":"Available as a CD-ROM","temporalStart":"2004-10-01","temporalEnd":"2005-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9415,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2007/252/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a821","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Painter, Jaime A. 0000-0001-8883-9158 jpainter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-9158","contributorId":1466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"Jaime","email":"jpainter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landers, Mark N. 0000-0002-3014-0480 landers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3014-0480","contributorId":1103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landers","given":"Mark","email":"landers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79728,"text":"ofr20071068 - 2007 - Seismic Shear Wave Reflection Imaging at the Former Fort Ord, Monterey, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:56","indexId":"ofr20071068","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1068","title":"Seismic Shear Wave Reflection Imaging at the Former Fort Ord, Monterey, California","docAbstract":"At the former Fort Ord in Monterey County, California, contamination threatens an aquifer that provides drinking water for local communities. Assessment and remediation require accurate hydrological modeling, which in turn require a thorough understanding of aquifer stratigraphy. In order to help guide remediation efforts at the site, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, has undertaken seismic reflection surveys, testing compressional (P) and horizontally polarized shear (SH) waves. Sledgehammer-source SH data show reflections from interfaces up to approximately 60 m deep, which correspond with the major boundaries between aquifers and aquitards. In contrast, P-wave data show only the reflection from the water table at approximately 30 m depth. We collected SH data along two transects and processed these data to produce reflection images. The interpreted SH-wave images agree with available well information, constrain the geology for ground-water models, and provide guidance for future geophysical studies. These favorable results demonstrate the effectiveness of SH reflection methods for imaging unconsolidated aquifer layers at the former Fort Ord and at other sites with similar geologic conditions.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071068","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Haines, S.S., Burton, B., and Hunter, L.E., 2007, Seismic Shear Wave Reflection Imaging at the Former Fort Ord, Monterey, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1068, iii, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071068.","productDescription":"iii, 13 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9395,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1068/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":191503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faa46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haines, Seth S. 0000-0003-2611-8165 shaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-8165","contributorId":1344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"Seth","email":"shaines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, Bethany L. 0000-0001-5011-7862 blburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-7862","contributorId":1341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Bethany L.","email":"blburton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":290670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunter, Lewis E.","contributorId":79568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"Lewis","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79714,"text":"ofr20071035 - 2007 - Hydrologic Data Summary for the Northeast Creek/Fresh Meadow Estuary, Acadia National Park, Maine, 2000-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:20","indexId":"ofr20071035","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1035","title":"Hydrologic Data Summary for the Northeast Creek/Fresh Meadow Estuary, Acadia National Park, Maine, 2000-2001","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Park Service, collected data in Northeast Creek estuary, Mt. Desert Island, Maine, to establish baseline water-quality conditions including estuarine nutrient concentrations. Five sampling sites in Northeast Creek were established and monitored continuously for temperature and specific conductance during May to November, 2000 and 2001. Stream stage, which was affected by ocean tidal dynamics, was recorded at the most downstream site and at one upstream site. Discrete water samples for nutrient concentrations were collected biweekly during May to November, 2000 and 2001, at the five sampling sites, and an additional site seaward of the estuary mouth. Results indicated that the salinity regime of Northeast Creek estuary is dynamic and highly regulated by strong seasonal variations in freshwater runoff, as well as limited seawater exchange caused by a constriction at the bridge, at the downstream end of the estuary. Oligohaline conditions (0.5-5 practical salinity units) occasionally extend to the estuary mouth. During other periods oligohaline and mesohaline (5-20 practical salinity units) conditions exist in some areas of the estuary; polyhaline/marine (20-35 practical salinity units) conditions occasionally exist near the mouth. A saltwater wedge in the bottom water, due to density stratification, was observed to migrate upstream as fresh surface-water inputs diminished during the onset of summer low-flow conditions. Although specific conductance ranged widely at most sites because of tidal influences, other water-quality constituents, including nutrient and chlorophyll-a concentrations, exhibited seasonal distribution patterns in which maximum levels generally occurred in early to mid-summer and again in the fall over both field seasons.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071035","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Caldwell, J.M., and Culbertson, C.W., 2007, Hydrologic Data Summary for the Northeast Creek/Fresh Meadow Estuary, Acadia National Park, Maine, 2000-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1035, iv, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071035.","productDescription":"iv, 81 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2001-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192046,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9370,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1035/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db614356","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caldwell, James M. 0000-0001-5880-443X jmcald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5880-443X","contributorId":1882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"James","email":"jmcald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Culbertson, Charles W. cculbert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culbertson","given":"Charles","email":"cculbert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79720,"text":"fs20073018 - 2007 - Physiological Ecology and Ecohydrology of Coastal Forested Wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:19","indexId":"fs20073018","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-3018","title":"Physiological Ecology and Ecohydrology of Coastal Forested Wetlands","docAbstract":"The form, function, and productivity of wetland communities are influenced strongly by the hydrologic regime of an area. Wetland ecosystems persist by depending upon surpluses of rainfall, evapotranspiration, soil moisture, and frequency and amplitude of water-level fluctuations. Yet, wetland vegetation can also influence ecosystem water economy through conservative water- and carbon-use strategies at several organizational scales.\r\n\r\nScientists have described leaf-level water-use efficiency in coastal mangrove forests as being among the highest of any ecosystem. These forested wetlands occur in intertidal areas and often persist under flooded saline conditions. Are these same strategies used by other types of coastal forested wetlands? Do conservative water-use strategies reflect a consequence of salt balance more than efficiency in water use per se? At what organizational scales do these strategies manifest? These are just a few of the questions being answered by physiological and landscape ecologists at the U.S. Geological Survey National Wetlands Research Center (NWRC).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20073018","usgsCitation":"Krauss, K.W., 2007, Physiological Ecology and Ecohydrology of Coastal Forested Wetlands (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2007-3018, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20073018.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125015,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2007_3018.jpg"},{"id":9376,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3018/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685616","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729 kraussk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":2017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"kraussk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79717,"text":"sir20065213 - 2007 - A Precipitation-Runoff Model for the Blackstone River Basin, Massachusetts and Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:22","indexId":"sir20065213","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5213","title":"A Precipitation-Runoff Model for the Blackstone River Basin, Massachusetts and Rhode Island","docAbstract":"A Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) precipitation-runoff model of the Blackstone River Basin was developed and calibrated to study the effects of changing land- and water-use patterns on water resources. The 474.5 mi2 Blackstone River Basin in southeastern Massachusetts and northern Rhode Island is experiencing rapid population and commercial growth throughout much of its area. This growth and the corresponding changes in land-use patterns are increasing stress on water resources and raising concerns about the future availability of water to meet residential and commercial needs. Increased withdrawals and wastewater-return flows also could adversely affect aquatic habitat, water quality, and the recreational value of the streams in the basin. \r\n\r\nThe Blackstone River Basin was represented by 19 hydrologic response units (HRUs): 17 types of pervious areas (PERLNDs) established from combinations of surficial geology, land-use categories, and the distribution of public water and public sewer systems, and two types of impervious areas (IMPLNDs). Wetlands were combined with open water and simulated as stream reaches that receive runoff from surrounding pervious and impervious areas. This approach was taken to achieve greater flexibility in calibrating evapotranspiration losses from wetlands during the growing season. The basin was segmented into 50 reaches (RCHRES) to represent junctions at tributaries, major lakes and reservoirs, and drainage areas to streamflow-gaging stations. Climatological, streamflow, water-withdrawal, and wastewater-return data were collected during the study to develop the HSPF model. Climatological data collected at Worcester Regional Airport in Worcester, Massachusetts and T.F. Green Airport in Warwick, Rhode Island, were used for model calibration. A total of 15 streamflow-gaging stations were used in the calibration. Streamflow was measured at eight continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations that are part of the U.S. Geological Survey cooperative streamflow-gaging network, and at seven partial-record stations installed in 2004 for this study. Because the model-calibration period preceded data collection at the partial-record stations, a continuous streamflow record was estimated at these stations by correlation with flows at nearby continuous-record stations to provide additional streamflow data for model calibration. Water-use information was compiled for 1996-2001 and included municipal and commercial/industrial withdrawals, private residential withdrawals, golf-course withdrawals, municipal wastewater-return flows, and on-site septic effluent return flows. Streamflow depletion was computed for all time-varying ground-water withdrawals prior to simulation. Water-use data were included in the model to represent the net effect of water use on simulated hydrographs. Consequently, the calibrated values of the hydrologic parameters better represent the hydrologic response of the basin to precipitation. \r\n\r\nThe model was calibrated for 1997-2001 to coincide with the land-use and water-use data compiled for the study. Four long-term stations (Nipmuc River near Harrisville, Rhode Island; Quinsigamond River at North Grafton, Massachusetts; Branch River at Forestdale, Rhode Island; and Blackstone River at Woonsocket, Rhode Island) that monitor flow at 3.3, 5.4, 19, and 88 percent of the total basin area, respectively, provided the primary model-calibration points. Hydrographs, scatter plots, and flow-duration curves of observed and simulated discharges, along with various model-fit statistics, indicated that the model performed well over a range of hydrologic conditions. For example, the total runoff volume for the calibration period simulated at the Nipmuc River near Harrisville, Rhode Island; Quinsigamond River at North Grafton, Massachusetts; Branch River at Forestdale, Rhode Island; and Blackstone River at Woonsocket, Rhode Island streamflow-gaging stations differed from the observed runoff v","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20065213","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Rhode Island Water Resources Board","usgsCitation":"Barbaro, J.R., and Zarriello, P.J., 2007, A Precipitation-Runoff Model for the Blackstone River Basin, Massachusetts and Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5213, x, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065213.","productDescription":"x, 71 p.","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9373,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5213/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4963e4b0b290850ef1e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barbaro, Jeffrey R. 0000-0002-6107-2142 jrbarbar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-2142","contributorId":1626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbaro","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jrbarbar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zarriello, Phillip J. 0000-0001-9598-9904 pzarriel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9598-9904","contributorId":1868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarriello","given":"Phillip","email":"pzarriel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79705,"text":"sir20075017 - 2007 - Ground-Water Conditions and Studies in Georgia, 2004-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T09:36:22","indexId":"sir20075017","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5017","title":"Ground-Water Conditions and Studies in Georgia, 2004-2005","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collects ground-water data and conducts studies to monitor hydrologic conditions, better define ground-water resources, and address problems related to water supply, water use, and water quality. During 2004-2005, ground-water levels were monitored continuously in a network of 183 wells completed in major aquifers throughout the State. Because of missing data or the short period of record for a number of these wells (less than 3 years), a total of 171 wells from the network are discussed in this report. These wells include 19 in the surficial aquifer system, 20 in the Brunswick aquifer system and equivalent sediments, 69 in the Upper Floridan aquifer, 17 in the Lower Floridan aquifer and underlying units, 10 in the Claiborne aquifer, 1 in the Gordon aquifer, 10 in the Clayton aquifer, 12 in the Cretaceous aquifer system, 2 in Paleozoic-rock aquifers, and 11 in crystalline-rock aquifers. Data from the network indicate that generally water levels rose after the end of a drought (fall 2002), with water levels in 152 of the wells in the normal or above-normal range by 2005. An exception to this pattern of water-level recovery is in the Cretaceous aquifer system where water levels in 7 of the 12 wells monitored were below normal during 2005.\r\n\r\nIn addition to continuous water-level data, periodic synoptic water-level measurements were collected and used to construct potentiometric-surface maps for the Upper Floridan aquifer in the Camden County-Charlton County area during September 2004 and May 2005, in the Brunswick area during June 2004 and June 2005, and in the City of Albany-Dougherty County area during October 2004 and during October 2005. In general, the configuration of the potentiometric surfaces showed little change during 2004-2005 in each of the areas.\r\n\r\nGround-water quality in the Upper Floridan aquifer is monitored in the Albany, Savannah, and Brunswick areas, and in Camden County; and the Lower Floridan aquifer, monitored in the Savannah and Brunswick areas and in Camden County. In the Albany area, nitrate concentrations generally increased since the end of the drought during 2002. Concentrations increased in water collected from 13 of the 16 wells sampled during 2004-2005 and by November 2005, water from 2 wells had nitrate as N concentrations that were above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) 10-milligram-per-liter (mg/L) drinking-water standard.\r\n\r\nIn the Savannah area, measurement of fluid conductivity and chloride concentration in water samples from discrete depths in three wells completed in the Upper Floridan aquifer and one well in the Lower Floridan aquifer were used to assess changes in water quality in the Savannah area. At Tybee Island, chloride concentrations in samples from the Lower Floridan aquifer increased during 2004-2005 and were above the 250-mg/L USEPA drinking-water standard. At Skidaway Island, water in the Upper Floridan aquifer is fresh, and chloride concentrations did not appreciably change during 2004-2005. However, chloride concentrations in samples collected from the Lower Floridan aquifer during 2004-2005 showed disparate changes; whereby, chloride concentration increased in the deepest sampled interval (1,070 feet) and decreased in a shallower sampled interval (900 feet). At Fort Pulaski, water samples collected from the Upper Floridan aquifer are fresh and did not appreciably change during 2004-2005.\r\n\r\nIn the Brunswick area, maps showing the chloride concentration of water in the Upper Floridan aquifer were constructed using data collected from 41 wells during June 2004 and from 39 wells during June 2005. Analyses indicate that concentrations remained above the USEPA drinking-water standard in an approximate 2-square-mile area. During 2004-2005, chloride concentrations increased in samples from 18 wells and decreased in samples from 11 wells.\r\n\r\nIn the Camden County area, chloride concentrations during 2004-2005 were analyzed in water","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20075017","usgsCitation":"Leeth, D.C., Peck, M., and Painter, J.A., 2007, Ground-Water Conditions and Studies in Georgia, 2004-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5017, 295p.; Main Report [iv, 122 p.]; 1 Appendix [173 p.(p 123-295)], https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075017.","productDescription":"295p.; Main Report [iv, 122 p.]; 1 Appendix [173 p.(p 123-295)]","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9342,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5017/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.330810546875,\n 30.581179257386985\n ],\n [\n -85.330810546875,\n 32.616243412727385\n ],\n [\n -82.584228515625,\n 32.616243412727385\n ],\n [\n -82.584228515625,\n 30.581179257386985\n ],\n [\n -85.330810546875,\n 30.581179257386985\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b43ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leeth, David C. cleeth@usgs.gov","contributorId":1403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leeth","given":"David","email":"cleeth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":290617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peck, Michael F. mfpeck@usgs.gov","contributorId":1467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"Michael F.","email":"mfpeck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Painter, Jaime A. 0000-0001-8883-9158 jpainter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8883-9158","contributorId":1466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"Jaime","email":"jpainter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79700,"text":"sir20075021 - 2007 - Evaluation of tandem offline and online solid-phase extraction with liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry for the analysis of antibiotics in ambient water and comparision to an independent method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-21T11:43:16","indexId":"sir20075021","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-5021","displayTitle":"Evaluation of Offline Tandem and Online Solid-Phase Extraction with Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry for Analysis of Antibiotics in Ambient Water and Comparison to an Independent Method","title":"Evaluation of tandem offline and online solid-phase extraction with liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry for the analysis of antibiotics in ambient water and comparision to an independent method","docAbstract":"This report describes the performance of an offline tandem solid-phase extraction (SPE) method and an online SPE method that use liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for the analysis of 23 and 35 antibiotics, respectively, as used in several water-quality surveys conducted since 1999. In the offline tandem SPE method, normalized concentrations for the quinolone, macrolide, and sulfonamide antibiotics in spiked environmental samples averaged from 81 to 139 percent of the expected spiked concentrations. A modified standard-addition technique was developed to improve the quantitation of the tetracycline antibiotics, which had 'apparent' concentrations that ranged from 185 to 1,200 percent of their expected spiked concentrations in matrix-spiked samples. In the online SPE method, normalized concentrations for the quinolone, macrolide, sulfonamide, and tetracycline antibiotics in matrix-spiked samples averaged from 51 to 142 percent of their expected spiked concentrations, and the beta-lactam antibiotics in matrix-spiked samples averaged from 22 to 76 percent of their expected spiked concentration. \r\n\r\nComparison of 44 samples analyzed by both the offline tandem SPE and online SPE methods showed 50 to 100 percent agreement in sample detection for overlapping analytes and 68 to 100 percent agreement in a presence-absence comparison for all analytes. The offline tandem and online SPE methods were compared to an independent method that contains two overlapping antibiotic compounds, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, for 96 and 44 environmental samples, respectively. The offline tandem SPE showed 86 and 92 percent agreement in sample detection and 96 and 98 percent agreement in a presence-absence comparison for sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, respectively. The online SPE method showed 57 and 56 percent agreement in sample detection and 72 and 91 percent agreement in presence-absence comparison for sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, respectively. A linear regression with an R2 of 0.91 was obtained for trimethoprim concentrations, and an R2 of 0.35 was obtained for sulfamethoxazole concentrations determined from samples analyzed by the offline tandem SPE and online SPE methods. \r\n\r\nLinear regressions of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole concentrations determined from samples analyzed by the offline tandem SPE method and the independent M3 pharmaceutical method yielded R2 of 0.95 and 0.87, respectively. Regressed comparison of the offline tandem SPE method to the online SPE and M3 methods showed that the online SPE method gave higher concentrations for sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim than were obtained from the offline tandem SPE or M3 methods.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20075021","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and the US Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Meyer, M.T., Lee, E., Ferrell, G., Bumgarner, J., and Varns, J., 2007, Evaluation of tandem offline and online solid-phase extraction with liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry for the analysis of antibiotics in ambient water and comparision to an independent method: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5021, vi, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20075021.","productDescription":"vi, 28 p.","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9336,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5021/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9d69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, M. T.","contributorId":92279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, E.A.","contributorId":48608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferrell, G.M.","contributorId":92681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrell","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bumgarner, J.E.","contributorId":82410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bumgarner","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Varns, Jerry","contributorId":80373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varns","given":"Jerry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":290602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":79707,"text":"ofr20071028 - 2007 - Dichloroethene and vinyl chloride degradation potential in wetland sediments at Twin Lakes and Pen Branch, Savannah River National Laboratory, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-26T10:47:13","indexId":"ofr20071028","displayToPublicDate":"2007-03-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2007-1028","title":"Dichloroethene and vinyl chloride degradation potential in wetland sediments at Twin Lakes and Pen Branch, Savannah River National Laboratory, South Carolina","docAbstract":"A series of 14C-radiotracer-based microcosm experiments was conducted to assess the mechanisms and products of degradation of dichloroethene (DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC) in wetland sediments at the Department of Energy (DOE) Savannah River National Laboratory. This project investigated the potential for biotic and abiotic DCE and VC degradation in wetland sediments from the Twin Lakes area of the C-BRP investigative unit and from the portion of Pen Branch located directly down gradient from the CMP investigative unit.\r\n\r\nSubstantial degradation of [1,2-14C] DCE and [1,2-14C] VC to 14CO2 was observed in all viable sediment microcosms prepared under oxic conditions. These results indicate that microbial mineralization processes, involving direct oxidation or cometabolic oxidation, are the primary mechanisms of DCE and VC biodegradation in Twin Lake and Pen Branch sediments under oxic conditions.\r\n\r\nSubstantial degradation of [1,2-14C] DCE and [1,2-14C] VC was observed in all viable sediment microcosms incubated under anoxic conditions. Production of 14CO2 was observed in all sediment microcosms under anoxic conditions. In general, the accumulation of mineralization products (14CO2 and 14CH4) was comparable to the accumulation of those reduced daughter products (14C-VC, 14C-ethene or 14C-ethane) traditionally identified with chloroethene reductive dechlorination. These results indicate that microbial mineralization processes can be an important component of DCE and VC degradation in Twin Lake and Pen Branch sediments under anoxic conditions. These results demonstrate that an evaluation of the efficiency of in situ DCE and VC biodegradation in Twin Lakes and Pen Branch that is based solely on the observed accumulation of reduced daughter products may underestimate substantially the total extent of contaminant biodegradation and, thus, the contribution of biodegradation to overall contaminant attenuation.\r\n\r\nNo evidence of abiotic degradation of [1,2-14C] DCE or [1,2-14C] VC was observed in heat-sterilized control treatments in this study under oxic or anoxic conditions. Efforts to enrich and isolate microorganisms involved in the mineralization of [1,2-14C] cis-DCE and/or [1,2-14C] VC were unsuccessful.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20071028","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Department of Energy Savannah River National Laboratory","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P.M., 2007, Dichloroethene and vinyl chloride degradation potential in wetland sediments at Twin Lakes and Pen Branch, Savannah River National Laboratory, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1028, vi, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071028.","productDescription":"vi, 15 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9344,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1028/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Pen Branch, Savannah River, Twin Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.02667236328125,\n 32.87843385746406\n ],\n [\n -82.02667236328125,\n 33.486435450999885\n ],\n [\n -81.13540649414062,\n 33.486435450999885\n ],\n [\n -81.13540649414062,\n 32.87843385746406\n ],\n [\n -82.02667236328125,\n 32.87843385746406\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d9b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":290622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}