Historic introductions of nonnative rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss into the native habitats of cutthroat trout O. clarkii have impacted cutthroat trout populations through introgressive hybridization, creating challenges and concerns for cutthroat trout conservation. We examined the effects of rainbow trout introductions on the native westslope cutthroat trout O. c. lewisii within the Stehekin River drainage, North Cascades National Park, Washington, by analyzing 1,763 salmonid DNA samples from 18 locations with nine diagnostic nuclear DNA markers and one diagnostic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) marker. Pure westslope cutthroat trout populations only occurred above upstream migration barriers in the Stehekin River and Park Creek. Two categories of rainbow trout admixture were observed: (1) less than 10% within the Stehekin River drainage above the Bridge Creek confluence and the middle and upper Bridge Creek drainage and (2) greater than 30% within the Stehekin River below the Bridge Creek confluence and in lower Bridge Creek. Hybrid indices and multilocus genotypes revealed an absence of rainbow trout and reduced hybrid diversity within the Stehekin River above the Bridge Creek confluence relative to hybrid diversity in the Stehekin River below the confluence and within lower Bridge Creek. Cytonuclear disequilibrium statistics revealed assortative mating between westslope cutthroat and rainbow trout but not among hybrids within the same locations. This suggests that a randomly mating hybrid swarm does not currently exist. However, continual migration of parental genotypes into the study location could also create significant cytonuclear disequilibria. The Stehekin River represents a novel and unique example of a dynamic hybridization zone where the invasion of rainbow trout alleles into the Stehekin River westslope cutthroat trout population above the Bridge Creek confluence appears to be impeded, suggesting that divergent ecological or evolutionary mechanisms promote the population structure within the Stehekin River drainage, depending upon location.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/T05-209.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Ostberg, C., and Rodriguez, R.J., 2006, Hybridization and cytonuclear associations among native westslope cutthroat trout, introduced rainbow trout, and their hybrids within the Stehekin River drainage, North Cascades National Park: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 135, no. 4, p. 924-942, https://doi.org/10.1577/T05-209.1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"924","endPage":"942","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236284,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209624,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T05-209.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.97869873046875,\n 48.67101262432597\n ],\n [\n -121.30004882812499,\n 48.542068763606494\n ],\n [\n -121.11328124999999,\n 48.23930899024905\n ],\n [\n -120.5255126953125,\n 48.372672242291294\n ],\n [\n -120.68206787109375,\n 48.66557095325139\n ],\n [\n -120.92651367187499,\n 48.68189420361744\n ],\n [\n -120.97869873046875,\n 48.67101262432597\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"135","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32c1e4b0c8380cd5ea52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ostberg, C.O.","contributorId":15361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostberg","given":"C.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, R. J.","contributorId":53107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028963,"text":"70028963 - 2006 - Surface slip associated with the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake measured on alinement arrays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028963","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface slip associated with the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake measured on alinement arrays","docAbstract":"Although still continuing, surface slip from the 2004 Parkfield earth-quake as measured on alinement arrays appears to be approaching about 30-35 cm between Parkfield and Gold Hill. This includes slip along the main trace and the Southwest Fracture Zone (SWFZ). Slip here was higher in 1966 at about 40 cm. The distribution of 2004 slip appears to have a shape similar to that of the 1966 event, but final slip is expected to be lower in 2004 by about 3-15 cm, even when continuing slip is accounted for. Proportionately, this difference is most notable at the south end at Highway 46, where the 1966 event slip was 13 cm compared to the 2004 slip of 4 cm. Continuous Global Positioning System and creepmeters suggest that significant surface coseismic slip apparently occurred mainly on the SWFZ and perhaps on Middle Mountain (the latter possibly caused by shaking) (Langbein et al., 2005). Creepmeters indicate only minor (<0.2 cm) surface coseismic slip occurred on the main trace between Parkfield and Gold Hill. We infer that 3-6 cm slip accumulated across our arrays in the first 24 hr. At Highway 46, slip appears complete, whereas the remaining sites are expected to take 2-6 years to reach their background creep rates. Following the 1966 event, afterslip at one site persisted as much as 5-10 years. The much longer recurrence intervals between the past two Parkfield earthquakes and the decreasing slip per event may suggest that larger slip deficits are now growing along the Parkfield segment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050806","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Lienkaemper, J.J., Baker, B., and McFarland, F., 2006, Surface slip associated with the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake measured on alinement arrays: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 4 B, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050806.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209805,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050806"},{"id":236524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"4 B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9fc0e4b08c986b31e7eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lienkaemper, J. J.","contributorId":71947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, B.","contributorId":63595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McFarland, F.S.","contributorId":25741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFarland","given":"F.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028903,"text":"70028903 - 2006 - Complementary population dynamics of exotic and native Daphnia in North American reservoir communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028903","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":883,"text":"Archiv fur Hydrobiologie","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complementary population dynamics of exotic and native Daphnia in North American reservoir communities","docAbstract":"During its invasion of North America, the exotic Daphnia lumholtzi has rapidly colonized numerous reservoirs, natural lakes, and large rivers. In the current study, we examine the overlap between D. lumholtzi and native Daphnia species through analysis of two data sets: co-occurrence in reservoirs of the south-central United States and population dynamics in one reservoir. In 171 reservoirs and oxbow lakes, D. lumholtzi was among the most prevalent species and its distribution was independent of other Daphnia species. Over a 28-month period in Stockton Lake, Missouri, D. lumholtzi was abundant only in late summer, a period when the epilimnion was warm (25-30??C) and cyanobacteria were common. Native Daphnia (D. mendotae, D. parvula, and D. retrocurva) complemented this pattern, being generally rare in summer and most abundant during winter and spring. Peak densities and average fecundities of native Daphnia during the cooler months were typically greater than densities and fecundities of D. lumholtzi in summer. The complementary population dynamics between native and exotic species may be significant for the food webs in warm reservoirs, with D. lumholtzi providing another food resource when the abundance of large zooplankton is ordinarily low. ?? 2006 E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archiv fur Hydrobiologie","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1127/0003-9136/2006/0167-0245","issn":"00039136","usgsCitation":"Havel, J., and Graham, J., 2006, Complementary population dynamics of exotic and native Daphnia in North American reservoir communities: Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, v. 167, no. 1-4, p. 245-264, https://doi.org/10.1127/0003-9136/2006/0167-0245.","startPage":"245","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210007,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0003-9136/2006/0167-0245"},{"id":236794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"167","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8f5e4b0c8380cd4d375","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Havel, J.E.","contributorId":72548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Havel","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graham, J.L. 0000-0002-6420-9335","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-9335","contributorId":79226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028898,"text":"70028898 - 2006 - Abundance and distribution of selected elements in soils, stream sediments, and selected forage plants from desert tortoise habitats in the Mojave and Colorado deserts, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70028898","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abundance and distribution of selected elements in soils, stream sediments, and selected forage plants from desert tortoise habitats in the Mojave and Colorado deserts, USA","docAbstract":"A baseline and background chemical survey was conducted in southeastern California, USA, to identify potential sources of toxicants in natural and anthropogenically-altered habitats of the threatened desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). Soil, stream sediment, and plant samples were collected from six tortoise habitat study areas in the Mojave and Colorado deserts and analysed for up to 66 different elements. The chemical analyses provided new information on the abundances and distributions of selected elements in this region. Soil, stream-sediment, and plant analyses showed distinct variations in bulk chemistries from locality to locality. Variations were, in general, consistent with the many types of exposed rock units in the region, their highly variable bulk mineralogies, and chemical contents. Of elements in soils that might have been toxic to tortoises, only As seemed to be anomalous region-wide. Some soil and plant anomalies were clearly anthropogenic. In the Rand and Atolia mining districts, soil anomalies for As, Au, Cd, Hg, Sb, and(or) W and plant anomalies for As, Sb, and(or) W extend as far as ???15 km outward from the present area of mining; soils containing anomalous Hg were found at least 6 km away from old piles of tailings. The anomalous concentrations of As and Hg may have been the source of elevated levels of these elements found in ill tortoises from the region. In the Goldstone mining district, soil anomalies extended several km from the mining area. These areas probably represented anthropogenic surface contamination of dust redistributed by wind, vehicles, and rainfall. One of two study areas transected by a paved road (Chemehuevi Valley) showed weakly elevated levels of Pb, which extended as far as ???22 m from the pavement edge and were probably related to vehicle exhaust. No soil or plant samples from historically used military areas (Goldstone, Goffs, Chemehuevi Valley, Chuckwalla Bench) contained anomalous concentrations of the elements As, Cu, Cr, Fe, Pb, or Zn that could be ascribed to military maneuvers, vehicles, or ordnance. For future studies, the distribution and abundance of elements in the tortoise forage plants need to be evaluated for the respective roles of dust and systemic uptake. Additional chemical data from tortoise necropsies and nutritional studies are needed to determine the effects of potentially toxic elements in tortoise habitats on their health. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.018","issn":"01401963","usgsCitation":"Chaffee, M., and Berry, K., 2006, Abundance and distribution of selected elements in soils, stream sediments, and selected forage plants from desert tortoise habitats in the Mojave and Colorado deserts, USA: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 67, no. SUPPL., p. 35-87, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.018.","startPage":"35","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"53","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209906,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.018"},{"id":236656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"SUPPL.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e659e4b0c8380cd47365","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaffee, M.A.","contributorId":108049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaffee","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, K.H.","contributorId":17934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028897,"text":"70028897 - 2006 - Sampling blood from big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in the field with and without anesthesia: Impacts on survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70028897","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sampling blood from big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in the field with and without anesthesia: Impacts on survival","docAbstract":"Blood was collected from wild big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) with and without anesthesia in Fort Collins, Colorado in 2004 to assess the impacts of these procedures on short-term survival and 1-yr return rates. Short-term survival and 1-yr return rates after release were passively monitored using PIT tag detection hoops placed at selected buildings. Comparison of 14-day maximum likelihood survival estimates from bats not bled (142 adult females, 62 volant juveniles), and bats sampled for blood with anesthesia (96 adult females, 23 volant juveniles) and without anesthesia (112 adult females, 22 volant juveniles) indicated no adverse effects of either treatment (juveniles: X2=53.38, df=41, P=0.09; adults: X2=39.09, df=44, P=0.68). Return rates of bats one year after sampling were similar among adult female controls (75.4%, n=142, 95% CI=67.4-82.2%), females sampled for blood with anesthesia (83.0%, n=112, 95% CI=74.8-89.5%), and females sampled without anesthesia (87.5%, n=96, 95% CI=79.2-93.4%). Lack of an effect was also noted in 1-yr return rates of juvenile females. These data suggest that the use of anesthesia during sampling of blood has no advantages in terms of enhancement of survival in big brown bats. ?? Wildlife Disease Association 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00903558","usgsCitation":"Ellison, L., O'Shea, T., Wimsatt, J., Pearce, R., Neubaum, D., Neubaum, M., and Bowen, R.A., 2006, Sampling blood from big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in the field with and without anesthesia: Impacts on survival: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 42, no. 4, p. 849-852.","startPage":"849","endPage":"852","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab073e4b0c8380cd87afa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellison, L.E.","contributorId":103610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellison","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Shea, T. J. 0000-0002-0758-9730","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9730","contributorId":50100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Shea","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wimsatt, J.","contributorId":78289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wimsatt","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pearce, R.D.","contributorId":45439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Neubaum, D.J.","contributorId":43720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neubaum","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Neubaum, M.A.","contributorId":50866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neubaum","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bowen, R. A.","contributorId":80623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70028886,"text":"70028886 - 2006 - Cloud-to-ground lightning and surface rainfall in warm-season Florida thunderstorms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028886","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cloud-to-ground lightning and surface rainfall in warm-season Florida thunderstorms","docAbstract":"Relationships between cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning and surface rainfall have been examined in nine isolated, warm-season thunderstorms on the east coast of central Florida. CG flashes and the associated rain volumes were measured as a function of time in storm-centered reference frames that followed each storm over a network of rain gauges. Values of the storm-average rain volume per CG flash ranged from 0.70 ?? 104 to 6.4 ?? 104 m3/CG flash, with a mean (and standard deviation) of 2.6 ?? 104 ?? 2.1 ?? 104 m3/CG flash. Values of the rain volume concurrent with CG flashes ranged from 0.11 ?? 104 to 4.9 ?? 104 m3/CG flash with a mean of 2.1 ?? 104 ?? 2.0 ?? 104 m3/CG flash. The lag-time between the peak CG flash rate and the peak rainfall rate (using 5 min bins), and the results of a lag correlation analysis, show that surface rainfall tends to follow the lightning (positive lag) by up to 20 min in six storms. In one storm the rainfall preceded the lightning by 5 min, and two storms had nonsignificant lags. Values of the lagged rain volume concurrent with CG flashes ranged from 0.43 ?? 104 to 4.9 ?? 104 m3/CG flash, and the mean was 1.9 ?? 104 ?? 1.7 ?? 104 m3/CG flash. For the five storms that produced 12 or more flashes and had significant lags, a plot of the optimum lag time versus the total number of CG flashes shows a linear trend (R2 = 0.56). The number of storms is limited, but the lag results do indicate that large storms tend to have longer lags. A linear fit to the lagged rain volume vs. the number of concurrent CG flashes has a slope of 1.9 ?? 104 m3/CG flash (R2 = 0.83). We conclude that warm-season Florida thunderstorms produce a roughly constant rain volume per CG flash and that CG lightning can be used to estimate the location and intensity of convective rainfall in that weather regime. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005JD006802","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Gungle, B., and Krider, E., 2006, Cloud-to-ground lightning and surface rainfall in warm-season Florida thunderstorms: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 111, no. 19, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006802.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477402,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jd006802","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209746,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006802"},{"id":236447,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f676e4b0c8380cd4c79d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gungle, B.","contributorId":90920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gungle","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krider, E.P.","contributorId":107914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krider","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030230,"text":"70030230 - 2006 - Restoration and colonization of freshwater mussels and fish in a southeastern United States tailwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:10","indexId":"70030230","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Restoration and colonization of freshwater mussels and fish in a southeastern United States tailwater","docAbstract":"The French Broad River originates in North Carolina, flows west into Tennessee and at its confluence with the Holston River forms the Tennessee River. Douglas Dam, located on the French Broad River 52 km above its mouth, is operated primarily for peaking hydroelectric power and flood control. Prior to completion of the dam in 1943, the lower French Broad River contained about 53 species of freshwater mussels and 100 species of fish. By 1977, the fauna in the 52-km-long tailwater was reduced to 12 species of mussels and 42 native species of fish. Improvements in tailwater conditions occurred following initiation of minimum flows in 1987, and consistent reaeration of discharge in 1993. From 1988 to 2002, we sampled three sites (4, 28, and 39 km downstream of the dam) to monitor the fish assemblage. Each year since 1988, we have collected one or more additional species, indicating continued immigration. We collected 82 native and 9 exotic species of fish overall, but the maximum of 67 species in 1 year suggests that some species reside in the tailwater at low densities or all immigrants may not successfully colonize the tailwater. There is limited potential for most extirpated species of mussels to naturally recolonize the tailwater because source populations are isolated. Consequently, 19 754 adult mussels of 19 species were introduced between 1997 and 2000. Survival of translocated mussels has been high, and successful reproduction of at least one translocated species has occurred. Additionally, four mussel species are naturally colonizing the tailwater. Colonization and recruitment of additional mussel species is expected as populations of their host fishes increase. We believe that the improved conditions of the tailwater may allow for the re-establishment of sustaining populations of 30 mussel species of historic occurrence, but the continued operation of Douglas Dam as a peaking hydroelectric project will reduce the probability of successfully reintroducing some species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Research and Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/rra.919","issn":"15351459","usgsCitation":"Layzer, J., and Scott, E., 2006, Restoration and colonization of freshwater mussels and fish in a southeastern United States tailwater: River Research and Applications, v. 22, no. 4, p. 475-491, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.919.","startPage":"475","endPage":"491","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212140,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.919"},{"id":239576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaabde4b0c8380cd864dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Layzer, J.B.","contributorId":53878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Layzer","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, E.M. Jr.","contributorId":63617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"E.M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028849,"text":"70028849 - 2006 - Age and duration of eclogite-facies metamorphism, North Qaidam HP/UHP terrane, Western China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028849","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age and duration of eclogite-facies metamorphism, North Qaidam HP/UHP terrane, Western China","docAbstract":"Amphibolite-facies para-and orthogneisses near Dulan, at the southeast end of the North Qaidam terrane, enclose minor eclogite and peridotite which record ultra-high pressure (UHP) metamorphism associated with the Early Paleozoic continental collision of the Qilian and Qaidam microplates. Field relations and coesite inclusions in zircons from paragneiss suggest that felsic, mafic, and ultramafic rocks all experienced UHP metamorphism and a common amphibolite-facies retrogression. SHRIMP-RG U-Pb and REE analyses of zircons from four eclogites yield weighted mean ages of 449 to 422 Ma, and REE patterns (flat HREE, no Eu anomaly) and inclusions of garnet, omphacite, and rutile indicate these ages record eclogite-facies metamorphism. The coherent field relations of these samples, and the similar range of individual ages in each sample suggests that the ???25 m.y. age range reflects the duration of eclogite-facies conditions in the studied samples. Analyses from zircon cores in one sample yield scattered 433 to 474 Ma ages, reflecting partial overlap on rims, and constrain the minimum age of eclogite protolith crystallization. Inclusions of Th + REE-rich epidote, and zircon REE patterns are consistent with prograde metamorphic growth. In the Lu??liang Shan, approximately 350 km northwest in the North Qaidam terrane, ages interpreted to record eclogite-facies metamorphism of eclogite and garnet peridotite are as old as 495 Ma and as young as 414 Ma, which suggests that processes responsible for extended high-pressure residence are not restricted to the Dulan region. Evidence of prolonged eclogite-facies metamorphism in HP/UHP localities in the Northeast Greenland eclogite province, the Western Gneiss Region of Norway, and the western Alps suggests that long eclogite-facies residence may be globally significant in continental subduction/collision zones.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Journal of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2475/09.2006.01","issn":"00029599","usgsCitation":"Mattinson, C., Wooden, J.L., Liou, J.G., Bird, D., and Wu, C., 2006, Age and duration of eclogite-facies metamorphism, North Qaidam HP/UHP terrane, Western China: American Journal of Science, v. 306, no. 9, p. 683-711, https://doi.org/10.2475/09.2006.01.","startPage":"683","endPage":"711","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477590,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/09.2006.01","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209698,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2475/09.2006.01"},{"id":236378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"306","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8d8e4b0c8380cd47ef2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mattinson, C.G.","contributorId":11391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattinson","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liou, J. G.","contributorId":87687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liou","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bird, D.K.","contributorId":24934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wu, C.L.","contributorId":91671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028823,"text":"70028823 - 2006 - Geomorphic effects of large debris flows and flash floods, northern Venezuela, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70028823","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3804,"text":"Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, Supplementband","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomorphic effects of large debris flows and flash floods, northern Venezuela, 1999","docAbstract":"A rare, high-magnitude storm in northern Venezuela in December 1999 triggered debris flows and flash floods, and caused one of the worst natural disasters in the recorded history of the Americas. Some 15,000 people were killed. The debris flows and floods inundated coastal communities on alluvial fans at the mouths of a coastal mountain drainage network and destroyed property estimated at more than $2 billion. Landslides were abundant and widespread on steep slopes within areas underlain by schist and gneiss from near the coast to slightly over the crest of the mountain range. Some hillsides were entirely denuded by single or coalescing failures, which formed massive debris flows in river channels flowing out onto densely populated alluvial fans at the coast. The massive amount of sediment derived from 24 watersheds along 50 km of the coast during the storm and deposited on alluvial fans and beaches has been estimated at 15 to 20 million m3. Sediment yield for the 1999 storm from the approximately 200 km2 drainage area of watersheds upstream of the alluvial fans was as much as 100,000 m3/km2. Rapid economic development in this dynamic geomorphic environment close to the capital city of Caracas, in combination with a severe rain storm, resulted in the death of approximately 5% of the population (300,000 total prior to the storm) in the northern Venezuelan state of Vargas. ?? 2006 Gebru??der Borntraeger.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, Supplementband","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00442798","usgsCitation":"Larsen, M.C., and Wieczorek, G.F., 2006, Geomorphic effects of large debris flows and flash floods, northern Venezuela, 1999: Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, Supplementband, v. 145, p. 147-175.","startPage":"147","endPage":"175","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"145","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2789e4b0c8380cd59996","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, M. C.","contributorId":66287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wieczorek, G. F.","contributorId":50143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"G.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003968,"text":"1003968 - 2006 - Systematically describing gross lesions in corals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-20T14:59:27","indexId":"1003968","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Systematically describing gross lesions in corals","docAbstract":"Many coral diseases are characterized based on gross descriptions and, given the lack or difficulty of applying existing laboratory tools to understanding causes of coral diseases, most new diseases will continued to be described based on appearance in the field. Unfortunately, many existing descriptions of coral disease are ambiguous or open to subjective interpretation, making comparisons between oceans problematic. One reason for this is that the process of describing lesions is often confused with that of assigning causality for the lesion. However, causality is usually something not obtained in the field and requires additional laboratory tests. Because a concise and objective morphologic description provides the foundation for a case definition of any disease, there is a need for a consistent and standardized process to describe lesions of corals that focuses on morphology. We provide a framework to systematically describe and name diseases in corals involving 4 steps: (1) naming the disease, (2) describing the lesion, (3) formulating a morphologic diagnosis and (4) formulating an etiologic diagnosis. This process focuses field investigators on describing what they see and separates the process of describing a lesion from that of inferring causality, the latter being more appropriately done using laboratory techniques. ","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao070155","usgsCitation":"Work, T., and Aeby, G.S., 2006, Systematically describing gross lesions in corals: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 70, no. 1-2, p. 155-160, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao070155.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"160","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477559,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao070155","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db6878cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":16804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aeby, Greta S.","contributorId":64783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aeby","given":"Greta","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13394,"text":"Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":314770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015122,"text":"1015122 - 2006 - A permutation test for quantile regression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-30T10:33:35","indexId":"1015122","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2151,"text":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A permutation test for quantile regression","docAbstract":"A drop in dispersion, F-ratio like, permutation test (D) for linear quantile regression estimates (0≤τ≤1) had relative power ≥1 compared to quantile rank score tests (T) for hypotheses on parameters other than the intercept. Power was compared for combinations of sample sizes (n=20−300) and quantiles (τ=0.50−0.99) where both tests maintained valid Type I error rates in simulations with p=2 and 6 parameters in homogeneous and heterogeneous error models. The D test required two modifications of permuting residuals from null, reduced parameter models to maintain correct Type I error rates when null models were constrained through the origin or included multiple parameters. A double permutation scheme was used when null models were constrained through the origin and all but 1 of the zero residuals were deleted for null models with multiple parameters. Although there was considerable overlap in sample size, quantiles, and hypotheses where both the D and rank score tests maintained correct Type I error rates, we identified regions at smaller n and more extreme quantiles where one or the other maintained better error rates. Confidence intervals on parameters for an ecological application relating Lahontan cutthroat trout densities to stream channel width:depth were estimated by test inversion, demonstrating a smoother pattern of slightly narrower intervals across quantiles than those provided by the rank score test.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1198/108571106X96835","usgsCitation":"Cade, B.S., and Richards, J.D., 2006, A permutation test for quantile regression: Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, v. 11, no. 1, p. 106-126, https://doi.org/10.1198/108571106X96835.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"106","endPage":"126","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab830","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cade, Brian S. 0000-0001-9623-9849 cadeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9623-9849","contributorId":1278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"Brian","email":"cadeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richards, Jon D.","contributorId":181580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richards","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028064,"text":"70028064 - 2006 - Comparing mean high water and high water line shorelines: Should prosy-datum offsets be incorporated into shoreline change analysis?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70028064","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing mean high water and high water line shorelines: Should prosy-datum offsets be incorporated into shoreline change analysis?","docAbstract":"More than one type of shoreline indicator can be used in shoreline change analyses, and quantifying the effects of this practice on the resulting shoreline change rates is important. Comparison of three high water line (proxy-based) shorelines and a mean high water intercept (datum-based) shoreline collected from simultaneous aerial photographic and lidar surveys of a relatively steep reflective beach (tan ?? = 0.07), which experiences a moderately energetic wave climate (annual average Hs = 1.2 m), reveals an average horizontal offset of 18.8 m between the two types of shoreline indicators. Vertical offsets are also substantial and are correlated with foreshore beach slope and corresponding variations in wave runup. Incorporating the average horizontal offset into both a short-term, endpoint shoreline change analysis and a long-term, linear regression analysis causes rates to be shifted an average of -0.5 m/y and -0.1 m/y, respectively. The rate shift increases with increasing horizontal offset and decreasing measurement intervals and, depending on the rapidity of shoreline change rates, is responsible for varying degrees of analysis error. Our results demonstrate that under many circumstances, the error attributable to proxy-datum offsets is small relative to shoreline change rates and thus not important. Furthermore, we find that when the error associated with proxy-datum offsets is large enough to be important, the shoreline change rates themselves are not likely to be significant. A total water level model reveals that the high water line digitized by three independent coastal labs for this study was generated by a combination of large waves and a high tide several days before the collection of aerial photography. This illustrates the complexity of the high water line as a shoreline indicator and calls into question traditional definitions, which consider the high water line a wetted bound or \"marks left by the previous high tide.\".","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2112/04-0401.1","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Moore, L.J., Ruggiero, P., and List, J.H., 2006, Comparing mean high water and high water line shorelines: Should prosy-datum offsets be incorporated into shoreline change analysis?: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 22, no. 4, p. 894-905, https://doi.org/10.2112/04-0401.1.","startPage":"894","endPage":"905","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210280,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/04-0401.1"},{"id":237155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f836e4b0c8380cd4cf4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, L. J.","contributorId":53132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruggiero, P.","contributorId":25995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruggiero","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"List, J. H.","contributorId":70406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028530,"text":"70028530 - 2006 - Diet, prey delivery rates, and prey biomass of Northern Goshawks in East-Central Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70028530","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3489,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diet, prey delivery rates, and prey biomass of Northern Goshawks in East-Central Arizona","docAbstract":"Recent concern over persistence of Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) populations in Arizona has stemmed from two long-term demography studies that report substantial yearly fluctuations in productivity and evidence of a declining population. Although many factors could be involved in changes in productivity and population declines, availability of food is one such factor. As part of a demography study on the Sitgreaves portion of the Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest in Arizona, we used remote cameras to assess diets of goshawks. Northern Goshawks preyed upon 22 species during two nesting seasons. Adult pairs tended to specialize on particular species of prey. Prey delivery rates decreased throughout the nesting season with a corresponding increase in biomass in the latter stages of the nestling and fledgling periods. Adults appeared to take larger prey as nestlings increased in age.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies in Avian Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01979922","usgsCitation":"Rogers, A.S., DeStefano, S., and Ingraldi, M., 2006, Diet, prey delivery rates, and prey biomass of Northern Goshawks in East-Central Arizona: Studies in Avian Biology, no. 31, p. 219-227.","startPage":"219","endPage":"227","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00d9e4b0c8380cd4f95d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rogers, A. S.","contributorId":101448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"A.","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeStefano, S.","contributorId":84309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingraldi, M.F.","contributorId":41214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingraldi","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70190534,"text":"70190534 - 2006 - Is a healthy ecosystem one that is rich in parasites?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T14:12:20","indexId":"70190534","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3653,"text":"Trends in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Is a healthy ecosystem one that is rich in parasites?","docAbstract":"Historically, the role of parasites in ecosystem functioning has been considered trivial because a cursory examination reveals that their relative biomass is low compared with that of other trophic groups. However there is increasing evidence that parasite-mediated effects could be significant: they shape host population dynamics, alter interspecific competition, influence energy flow and appear to be important drivers of biodiversity. Indeed they influence a range of ecosystem functions and have a major effect on the structure of some food webs. Here, we consider the bottom-up and top-down processes of how parasitism influences ecosystem functioning and show that there is evidence that parasites are important for biodiversity and production; thus, we consider a healthy system to be one that is rich in parasite species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cell Press","doi":"10.1016/j.tree.2006.04.007","usgsCitation":"Hudson, P., Dobson, A.P., and Lafferty, K.D., 2006, Is a healthy ecosystem one that is rich in parasites?: Trends in Ecology and Evolution, v. 21, no. 7, p. 381-385, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2006.04.007.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"385","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345505,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b10936e4b020cdf7d8da00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hudson, Peter J.","contributorId":85056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dobson, Andrew P.","contributorId":63693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dobson","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028654,"text":"70028654 - 2006 - Cassini/VIMS hyperspectral observations of the HUYGENS landing site on Titan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028654","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3083,"text":"Planetary and Space Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cassini/VIMS hyperspectral observations of the HUYGENS landing site on Titan","docAbstract":"Titan is one of the primary scientific objectives of the NASA-ESA-ASI Cassini-Huygens mission. Scattering by haze particles in Titan's atmosphere and numerous methane absorptions dramatically veil Titan's surface in the visible range, though it can be studied more easily in some narrow infrared windows. The Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) instrument onboard the Cassini spacecraft successfully imaged its surface in the atmospheric windows, taking hyperspectral images in the range 0.4-5.2 ??m. On 26 October (TA flyby) and 13 December 2004 (TB flyby), the Cassini-Huygens mission flew over Titan at an altitude lower than 1200 km at closest approach. We report here on the analysis of VIMS images of the Huygens landing site acquired at TA and TB, with a spatial resolution ranging from 16 to14.4 km/pixel. The pure atmospheric backscattering component is corrected by using both an empirical method and a first-order theoretical model. Both approaches provide consistent results. After the removal of scattering, ratio images reveal subtle surface heterogeneities. A particularly contrasted structure appears in ratio images involving the 1.59 and 2.03 ??m images north of the Huygens landing site. Although pure water ice cannot be the only component exposed at Titan's surface, this area is consistent with a local enrichment in exposed water ice and seems to be consistent with DISR/Huygens images and spectra interpretations. The images show also a morphological structure that can be interpreted as a 150 km diameter impact crater with a central peak. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary and Space Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2006.06.016","issn":"00320633","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, S., Le Mouelic, S., Sotin, C., Clenet, H., Clark, R.N., Buratti, B., Brown, R.H., McCord, T.B., Nicholson, P.D., and Baines, K.H., 2006, Cassini/VIMS hyperspectral observations of the HUYGENS landing site on Titan: Planetary and Space Science, v. 54, no. 15, p. 1510-1523, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2006.06.016.","startPage":"1510","endPage":"1523","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477489,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/0906.5476","text":"External Repository"},{"id":209994,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2006.06.016"},{"id":236780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f390e4b0c8380cd4b8ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, S.","contributorId":54329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Le Mouélic, Stéphane","contributorId":92786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Le Mouélic","given":"Stéphane","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clenet, H.","contributorId":7485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clenet","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Buratti, B.","contributorId":51433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McCord, T. B.","contributorId":69695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70028048,"text":"70028048 - 2006 - Status and trends in demography of northern spotted owls, 1985-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028048","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3773,"text":"Wildlife Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status and trends in demography of northern spotted owls, 1985-2003","docAbstract":"We analyzed demographic data from northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) from 14 study areas in Washington, Oregon, and California for 1985-2003. The purpose of our analyses was to provide an assessment of the status and trends of northern spotted owl populations throughout most of their geographic range. The 14 study areas made up approximately 12% of the range of the subspecies and included federal, tribal, private, and mixed federal and private lands. The study areas also included all the major forest types that the subspecies inhabits. The analyses followed rigorous protocols that were developed a priori and were the result of extensive discussions and consensus among the authors. Our primary objectives were to estimate fecundity, apparent survival (??), and annual rate of population change (??) and to determine if there were any temporal trends in these population parameters. In addition to analyses of data from individual study areas, we conducted 2 meta-analyses on each demographic parameter. One meta-analysis was conducted on all 14 areas, and the other was restricted to the 8 areas that constituted the Effectiveness Monitoring Plan for northern spotted owls under the Northwest Forest Plan. The average number of years of reproductive data per study area was 14 (range = 5-19), and the average number of recapture occasions per study area was 13 (range = 4-18). Only 1 study area had <12 years of data. Our results were based on 32,054 captures and resightings of 11,432 banded individuals for estimation of survival and 10,902 instances in which we documented the number of young produced by territorial females. The number of young fledged (NYF) per territorial female was analyzed by testing a suite of a priori models that included (1) effects of age, (2) linear or quadratic time trends, (3) presence of barred owls (Strix varia) in spotted owl territories, and (4) an even-odd year effect. The NYF varied among years on most study areas with a biennial cycle of high reproduction in even-numbered years and low reproduction in odd-numbered years. These cyclic fluctuations did not occur on all study areas, and the even-odd year effect waned during the last 5 years of the study. Fecundity was highest for adults (x??=0.372, SE=0.029), lower for 2-year-olds (x??=0.208, SE=0.032), and very low for 1-year-olds (x??=0.074, SE = 0.029). Fecundity was stable over time for 6 areas (Rainier, Olympic, Warm Springs, H. J. Andrews, Klamath, and Marin), declining for 6 areas (Wenatchee, Cle Elum, Oregon Coast Range, Southern Oregon Cascades, Northwest California, and Simpson), and slightly increasing for 2 areas (Tyee, Hoopa). We found little association between NYF and the proportion of northern spotted owl territories where barred owls were detected, although results were suggestive of a negative effect of barred owls on the Wenatchee and Olympic study areas. The meta-analysis on fecundity indicated substantial annual variability with no increasing or decreasing trends. Fecundity was highest in the mixed-conifer region of eastern Washington (x??=0.560, SE=0.041) and lowest in the Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) region of the Oregon coast (x??=0.306, SE=0.039). We used Cormack-Jolly-Seber open population models and Program MARK to estimate apparent survival rates of owls >1 year old. We found no differences in apparent survival rates between sexes except for 1 area (Marin), which had only 6 years of data. Estimates of apparent survival from individual study areas indicated that there were differences among age classes with adults generally having higher survival than 1- and 2-year-olds. Apparent survival rates ranged from 0.750 (SE=0.026) to 0.886 (SE=0.010) for adults, 0.626 (SE=0.073) to 0.886 (SE=0.010) for 2-year-olds, and 0.415 (SE=0.111) to 0.860 (SE=0.017) for 1-year-olds. These estimates were comparable to survival rates from previous studies on the subspecies. We found evidence for negative time trends in survival rate","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Monographs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00840173","usgsCitation":"Anthony, R., Forsman, E., Franklin, A., Anderson, D., Burnham, K., White, G.C., Schwarz, C., Nichols, J., Hines, J., Olson, G., Ackers, S., Andrews, L., Biswell, B., Carlson, P., Diller, L., Dugger, K., Fehring, K., Fleming, T., Gerhardt, R., Gremel, S., Gutierrez, R.J., Happe, P., Herter, D., Higley, J., Horn, R., Irwin, L., Loschl, P., Reid, J., and Sovern, S., 2006, Status and trends in demography of northern spotted owls, 1985-2003: Wildlife Monographs, no. 163, p. 1-48.","startPage":"1","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"48","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"163","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9795e4b08c986b31bb4b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Krausman, P.R.","contributorId":35525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krausman","given":"P.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508910,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Anthony, R.G.","contributorId":107641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Forsman, E.D.","contributorId":88324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forsman","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Franklin, A.B.","contributorId":105667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franklin","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, David R.","contributorId":8413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burnham, K.P.","contributorId":63760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schwarz, C.J.","contributorId":102680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research 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K.E.","contributorId":62010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fehring","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Fleming, T.L.","contributorId":107008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Gerhardt, R.P.","contributorId":54394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerhardt","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Gremel, S.A.","contributorId":104272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gremel","given":"S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Gutierrez, R. J.","contributorId":7647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gutierrez","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Happe, P.J.","contributorId":20109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Happe","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Herter, D.R.","contributorId":101863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herter","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Higley, J.M.","contributorId":102681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higley","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Horn, R.B.","contributorId":68526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horn","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Irwin, L.L.","contributorId":72579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Loschl, P.J.","contributorId":96045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loschl","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Reid, J.A.","contributorId":90907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Sovern, S.G.","contributorId":21725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sovern","given":"S.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29}]}} ,{"id":70028590,"text":"70028590 - 2006 - Tidal saltmarsh fragmentation and persistence of San Pablo Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia samuelis): Assessing benefits of wetland restoration in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-26T16:38:15","indexId":"70028590","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3489,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tidal saltmarsh fragmentation and persistence of San Pablo Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia samuelis): Assessing benefits of wetland restoration in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"The San Pablo Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia samuelis) is one of three morphologically distinct Song Sparrow subspecies in tidal marshes of the San Francisco Bay estuary. These subspecies are rare, because as the human population has grown, diking and development have resulted in loss of 79% of the historic tidal marshes. Hundreds of projects have been proposed in the past decade to restore tidal marshes and benefit endemic populations. To evaluate the value of these restoration projects for Song Sparrows, we developed a population viability analysis (PVA) model to examine persistence of samuelis subspecies in relation to parcel size, connectivity, and catastrophe in San Pablo Bay. A total of 101 wetland parcels were identified from coverages of modern and historic tidal marshes. Parcels were grouped into eight fragments in the historical landscape and 10 in the present landscape. Fragments were defined as a group of parcels separated by >1 km, a distance that precluded regular interchange. Simulations indicated that the historic (circa 1850) samuelis population was three times larger than the modern population. However, only very high levels (>70% mortality) of catastrophe would threaten their persistence. Persistence of populations was sensitive to parcel size at a carrying capacity of <10 pairs, but connectivity of parcels was found to have little importance because habitats were dominated by a few large parcels. Our analysis indicates little risk of extinction of the samuelis subspecies with the current extent of tidal marshes, but the vulnerability of the small-est parcels suggests that restoration should create larger continuous tracts. Thus, PVA models may be useful tools for balancing the costs and benefits of restoring habitats for threatened tidal-marsh populations in wetland restoration planning.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies in Avian Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01979922","isbn":"0943610702; 9780943610702","usgsCitation":"Takekawa, J.Y., Sacks, B., Woo, I., Johnson, M., and Wylie, G., 2006, Tidal saltmarsh fragmentation and persistence of San Pablo Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia samuelis): Assessing benefits of wetland restoration in San Francisco Bay: Studies in Avian Biology, no. 32, p. 238-246.","startPage":"238","endPage":"246","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb37ae4b08c986b325ded","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Greenberg R.Maldonado J.E.Droege S.McDonald M.V.","contributorId":128314,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Greenberg R.Maldonado J.E.Droege S.McDonald M.V.","id":536637,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":418747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sacks, B.N.","contributorId":64431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sacks","given":"B.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woo, I.","contributorId":45861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woo","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, M.L.","contributorId":39525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wylie, G.D.","contributorId":68238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}