{"pageNumber":"247","pageRowStart":"6150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10957,"records":[{"id":70025260,"text":"70025260 - 2003 - Post-breeding distribution of Long-tailed Ducks Clangula hyemalis from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-16T15:08:59.701556","indexId":"70025260","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-breeding distribution of Long-tailed Ducks Clangula hyemalis from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Breeding populations of Long-tailed Ducks <i>Clangula hyemalis</i> have declined in western Alaska, particularly on the Yukon-Kuskokwim (Y-K) Delta, and the species is currently considered a species of particular concern by the U.S. Fish &amp; Wildlife Service in Alaska. Potential factors that may have contributed to this decline that occurred away from the breeding grounds could not be considered since moulting and wintering areas for this population were unknown. A study was conducted in 1998 and 1999 to locate the moulting and wintering areas of the Y-K Delta breeding population. VHF and satellite transmitters were deployed to identify areas used by moulting birds. Based on the locations identified by satellite telemetry, aerial surveys were flown to locate birds marked with VHF transmitters, then low-level aerial surveys were designed and conducted to determine the number of birds using these and adjacent areas. Moulting locations of 54 marked female Long-tailed Ducks were identified: 13 marked females were found in wetlands and large lakes on the Y-K Delta, 11 in coastal lagoons at St Lawrence Island, Alaska, and two along the coast of the Chukotka Peninsula, Russia. A autumn staging area was identified along the east coast of the Chukotka Peninsula which was used by seven of 10 birds with satellite transmitters providing locations during that period. Birds wintered in coastal waters of the North Pacific Ocean north of 50°N and between 150°E and 130°W. The wide distribution of birds in winter suggests little probability of a single factor in winter contributing to the decline.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.R., McCaffery, B.J., and Flint, P.L., 2003, Post-breeding distribution of Long-tailed Ducks Clangula hyemalis from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: Wildfowl, v. 54, p. 103-113.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"113","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":235774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":405183,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildfowl.wwt.org.uk/index.php/wildfowl/article/view/1161","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -166.39892578125,\n              60.3812902796077\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.4765625,\n              60.3812902796077\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.4765625,\n              63.40136142059639\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.39892578125,\n              63.40136142059639\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.39892578125,\n              60.3812902796077\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"54","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e57e4b0c8380cd7a49f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCaffery, B. J.","contributorId":99355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCaffery","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":404491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025215,"text":"70025215 - 2003 - Tectonic controls of Mississippi Valley-type lead-zinc mineralization in orogenic forelands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-11T14:12:14.992932","indexId":"70025215","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic controls of Mississippi Valley-type lead-zinc mineralization in orogenic forelands","docAbstract":"Most of the world's Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) zinc-lead deposits occur in orogenic forelands. We examine tectonic aspects of foreland evolution as part of a broader study of why some forelands are rich in MVT deposits, whereas others are barren. The type of orogenic foreland (collisional versus Andean-type versus inversion-type) is not a first-order control, because each has MVT deposits (e.g., Northern Arkansas, Pine Point, and Cevennes, respectively). In some MVT districts (e.g., Tri-State and Central Tennessee), mineralization took place atop an orogenic forebulge, a low-amplitude (a few hundred meters), long-wavelength (100-200 km) swell formed by vertical loading of the foreland plate. In the foreland of the active Banda Arc collision zone, a discontinuous forebulge reveals some of the physiographic and geologic complexities of the forebulge environment, and the importance of sea level in determining whether or not a forebulge will emerge and thus be subject to erosion. In addition to those on extant forebulges, some MVT deposits occur immediately below unconformities that originated at a forebulge, only to be subsequently carried toward the orogen by the plate-tectonic conveyor (e.g., Daniel's Harbour and East Tennessee). Likewise, some deposits are located along syn-collisional, flexure-induced normal and strike-slip faults in collisional forelands (e.g., Northern Arkansas, Daniel's Harbour, and Tri-State districts). These findings reveal the importance of lithospheric flexure, and suggest a conceptual tectonic model that accounts for an important subset of MVT deposits-those in the forelands of collisional orogens. The MVT deposits occur both in flat-lying and in thrust-faulted strata; in the latter group, mineralization postdated thrusting in some instances (e.g., Picos de Europa) but may have predated thrusting in other cases (e.g., East Tennessee).","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00126-003-0355-2","issn":"","usgsCitation":"Bradley, D.C., and Leach, D.L., 2003, Tectonic controls of Mississippi Valley-type lead-zinc mineralization in orogenic forelands: Mineralium Deposita, v. 38, no. 6, p. 652-667, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-003-0355-2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"652","endPage":"667","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236179,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba456e4b08c986b320275","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, D. C.","contributorId":17634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leach, D. L.","contributorId":18758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leach","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":404269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70025141,"text":"70025141 - 2003 - Effects of CRP field age and cover type on ring-necked pheasants in eastern South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70025141","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of CRP field age and cover type on ring-necked pheasants in eastern South Dakota","docAbstract":"Loss of native grasslands to tillage has increased the importance of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) grasslands to maintain ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) populations. Despite the importance of CRP to pheasants, little is known about the effects of CRP field age and cover type on pheasant abundance and productivity in the northern Great Plains. Therefore, we assessed effects of these characteristics on pheasant use of CRP fields. We stratified CRP grasslands (n=42) by CRP stand age (old [10-13 yrs] vs. new [1-3 yrs] grasslands) and cover type (CP1 [cool-season grasslands] vs. CP2 [warm-season grasslands]) in eastern South Dakota and used crowing counts and roadside brood counts to index ring-necked pheasant abundance and productivity. Field-age and cover-type effects on pheasant abundance and productivity were largely the result of differences in vegetation structure among fields. More crowing pheasants were recorded in old cool-season CRP fields than any other age or cover type, and more broods were recorded in cool- than warm-season CRP fields. Extending existing CRP contracts another 5-10 years would provide the time necessary for new fields to acquire the vegetative structure used most by pheasants without a gap in habitat availability. Cool-season grass-legume mixtures (CP1) that support higher pheasant productivity should be given equal or higher ratings than warm-season (CP2) grass stands. We also recommend that United States Department of Agriculture administrators and field staff provide broader and more flexible guidelines on what seed mixtures can be used in CRP grassland plantings in the northern Great Plains. This would allow landowners and natural resource professionals who manage pheasant habitat to plant a mosaic of cool- and warm-season CRP grassland habitats.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Eggebo, S., Higgins, K., Naugle, D., and Quamen, F., 2003, Effects of CRP field age and cover type on ring-necked pheasants in eastern South Dakota: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 31, no. 3, p. 779-785.","startPage":"779","endPage":"785","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0648e4b0c8380cd511ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eggebo, S.L.","contributorId":107909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eggebo","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higgins, K.F.","contributorId":55767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naugle, D.E.","contributorId":85289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naugle","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quamen, F.R.","contributorId":89326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quamen","given":"F.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70025092,"text":"70025092 - 2003 - Entropy and generalized least square methods in assessment of the regional value of streamgages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:26","indexId":"70025092","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Entropy and generalized least square methods in assessment of the regional value of streamgages","docAbstract":"The Illinois State Water Survey performed a study to assess the streamgaging network in the State of Illinois. One of the important aspects of the study was to assess the regional value of each station through an assessment of the information transfer among gaging records for low, average, and high flow conditions. This analysis was performed for the main hydrologic regions in the State, and the stations were initially evaluated using a new approach based on entropy analysis. To determine the regional value of each station within a region, several information parameters, including total net information, were defined based on entropy. Stations were ranked based on the total net information. For comparison, the regional value of the same stations was assessed using the generalized least square regression (GLS) method, developed by the US Geological Survey. Finally, a hybrid combination of GLS and entropy was created by including a function of the negative net information as a penalty function in the GLS. The weights of the combined model were determined to maximize the average correlation with the results of GLS and entropy. The entropy and GLS methods were evaluated using the high-flow data from southern Illinois stations. The combined method was compared with the entropy and GLS approaches using the high-flow data from eastern Illinois stations. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00244-0","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Markus, M., Vernon, K.H., and Tasker, G.D., 2003, Entropy and generalized least square methods in assessment of the regional value of streamgages: Journal of Hydrology, v. 283, no. 1-4, p. 107-121, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00244-0.","startPage":"107","endPage":"121","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235985,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209483,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00244-0"}],"volume":"283","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0983e4b0c8380cd51f57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markus, M.","contributorId":54781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markus","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vernon, Knapp H.","contributorId":91287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vernon","given":"Knapp","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tasker, Gary D.","contributorId":83097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tasker","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70025030,"text":"70025030 - 2003 - Recent and historical distributions of Canada lynx in Maine and the Northeast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-22T17:47:18.091752","indexId":"70025030","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2898,"text":"Northeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent and historical distributions of Canada lynx in Maine and the Northeast","docAbstract":"<p><span>The contiguous United States population of Canada lynx (</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Lynx canadensis</span><span>&nbsp;Kerr) is listed as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act. However, the historic distribution of lynx in the Northeast is poorly understood. We used museum records, bibliographic records, and interviews to reconstruct the past distribution of lynx in Maine, which is at the current southern limit of the species' distribution in the eastern United States. We found a total of 118 records, representing at least 509 lynx in Maine. Lynx were observed throughout Maine, 1833–1912, with the exception of coastal areas. After 1913, lynx were most common in the forests of western and northern Maine, and absent to rare along the coast, but had not returned to southern Maine by 1999. Thirty-nine kittens representing at least 21 litters were distributed throughout northern and western Maine, 1864–1999. Populations apparently fluctuated, and in some years 200–300 lynx were harvested in Maine. Prior to the 1900s, lynx were much more widely distributed in the Northeast, ranging from Pennsylvania north into Quebec. Because Canada lynx have had a long presence in northern New England, and at times were relatively common, this species merits serious consideration in conservation planning in this region.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1656/1092-6194(2003)010[0363:RAHDOC]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10926194","usgsCitation":"Hoving, C., Joseph, R., and Krohn, W., 2003, Recent and historical distributions of Canada lynx in Maine and the Northeast: Northeastern Naturalist, v. 10, no. 4, p. 363-382, https://doi.org/10.1656/1092-6194(2003)010[0363:RAHDOC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"363","endPage":"382","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388319,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","otherGeospatial":"Northeast United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -69.12597656249999,\n              47.45780853075031\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.09277343749999,\n              46.437856895024204\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.015625,\n              45.336701909968134\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.5869140625,\n              44.96479793033101\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.619140625,\n              45.02695045318546\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.9697265625,\n              43.48481212891603\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.453125,\n              42.4234565179383\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.1015625,\n              41.96765920367816\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.2783203125,\n              42.032974332441405\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.740234375,\n              40.51379915504413\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.60937499999999,\n              41.07935114946899\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.236328125,\n              43.61221676817573\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.9287109375,\n              44.902577996288876\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.8955078125,\n              47.27922900257082\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.12597656249999,\n              47.45780853075031\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a95e5e4b0c8380cd81cd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoving, C.L.","contributorId":32333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoving","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Joseph, R.A.","contributorId":69331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joseph","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krohn, W.B.","contributorId":64355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohn","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024975,"text":"70024975 - 2003 - Isotopic age of the Black Forest Bed, Petrified Forest Member, Chinle Formation, Arizona: An example of dating a continental sandstone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70024975","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic age of the Black Forest Bed, Petrified Forest Member, Chinle Formation, Arizona: An example of dating a continental sandstone","docAbstract":"Zircons from the Black Forest Bed, Petrified Forest Member, Chinle Formation, in Petrified Forest National Park, yield ages that range from Late Triassic to Late Archean. Grains were analyzed by multigrain TIMS (thermal-ionization mass spectrometry), single-crystal TIMS, and SHRIMP (sensitive, high-resolution ion-microprobe). Multiple-grain analysis yielded a discordia trajectory with a lower intercept of 207 ?? 2 Ma, which because of the nature of multiple-grain sampling of a detrital bed, is not considered conclusive. Analysis of 29 detrital-zircon grains by TIMS yielded U-PB ages of 2706 ?? 6 Ma to 206 ?? 6 Ma. Eleven of these ages lie between 211 and 216 ?? 6.8 Ma. Our statistical analysis of these grains indicates that the mean of the ages, 213 ?? 1.7 Ma, reflects more analytical error than geologic variability in sources of the grains. Grains with ages of ca. 1400 Ma were derived from the widespread plutons of that age exposed throughout the southwestern Cordillera and central United States. Twelve grains analyzed by SHRIMP provide 206Pb*/238U ages from 214 ?? 2 Ma to 200 ?? 4 Ma. We use these data to infer that cores of inherited material were present in many zircons and that single-crystal analysis provides an accurate estimation of the age of the bed. We further propose that, even if some degree of reworking has occurred, the very strong concentration of ages at ca. 213 Ma provides a maximum age for the Black Forest Bed of 213 ?? 1.7 Ma. The actual age of the bed may be closer to 209 Ma. Dating continental successions is very difficult when distinct ash beds are not clearly identified, as is the case in the Chinle Formation. Detrital zircons in the Black Forest Bed, however, are dominated by an acicular morphology with preserved delicate terminations. The shape of these crystals and their inferred environment of deposition in slow-water settings suggest that the crystals were not far removed from their site of deposition in space and likely not far in time. Plinian ash clouds derived from explosive eruptions along the early Mesozoic Cordilleran margin provided the crystals to the Chinle basin, where local conditions insured their preservation. In the case of the Black Forest Bed, the products of one major eruption may dominate the volcanic contribution to the unit. Volcanic detritus in the Chinle Formation was derived from multiple, distinct sources. Coarse pebble- to cobble-size material may have originated in eastern California and/or western Arizona, where Triassic plutons are exposed. Fine-grained detritus, in contrast, was carried in ash clouds that derived from caldera eruptions in east-central California or western Nevada.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/B25254.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Riggs, N.R., Ash, S., Barth, A.P., Gehrels, G.E., and Wooden, J.L., 2003, Isotopic age of the Black Forest Bed, Petrified Forest Member, Chinle Formation, Arizona: An example of dating a continental sandstone: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 115, no. 11, p. 1315-1323, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25254.1.","startPage":"1315","endPage":"1323","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207924,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25254.1"},{"id":233221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f91e4b0c8380cd64605","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riggs, N. R.","contributorId":27519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riggs","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ash, S.R.","contributorId":100925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ash","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barth, A. P.","contributorId":16997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barth","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gehrels, G. E.","contributorId":9660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gehrels","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024969,"text":"70024969 - 2003 - Deformation and the timing of gas generation and migration in the eastern Brooks Range foothills, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-25T15:22:49.377632","indexId":"70024969","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deformation and the timing of gas generation and migration in the eastern Brooks Range foothills, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p class=\"abstractnoin\">Along the southeast border of the 1002 Assessment Area in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, an explicit link between gas generation and deformation in the Brooks Range fold and thrust belt is provided through petrographic, fluid inclusion, and stable isotope analyses of fracture cements integrated with zircon fission-track data. Predominantly quartz-cemented fractures, collected from thrusted Triassic and Jurassic rocks, contain crack-seal textures, healed microcracks, and curved crystals and fluid inclusion populations, which suggest that cement growth occurred before, during, and after deformation. Fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures (175–250<img src=\"https://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2003/11nov/1823/IMAGES/DEG.JPG\" alt=\"deg\" data-mce-src=\"https://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2003/11nov/1823/IMAGES/DEG.JPG\">C) and temperature trends in fracture samples suggest that cements grew at 7–10 km depth during the transition from burial to uplift and during early uplift. CH<sub>4</sub>-rich (dry gas) inclusions in the Shublik Formation and Kingak Shale are consistent with inclusion entrapment at high thermal maturity for these source rocks. Pressure modeling of these CH<sub>4</sub>-rich inclusions suggests that pore fluids were overpressured during fracture cementation.</p><p>Zircon fission-track data in the area record postdeposition denudation associated with early Brooks Range deformation at 64<span>&nbsp;</span><img src=\"https://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2003/11nov/1823/IMAGES/PLUSMN.JPG\" alt=\"plusmn\" data-mce-src=\"https://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2003/11nov/1823/IMAGES/PLUSMN.JPG\"><span>&nbsp;</span>3 Ma. With a closure temperature of 225–240<img src=\"https://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2003/11nov/1823/IMAGES/DEG.JPG\" alt=\"deg\" data-mce-src=\"https://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2003/11nov/1823/IMAGES/DEG.JPG\">C, the zircon fission-track data overlap homogenization temperatures of coeval aqueous inclusions and inclusions containing dry gas in Kingak and Shublik fracture cements. This critical time-temperature relationship suggests that fracture cementation occurred during early Brooks Range deformation. Dry gas inclusions suggest that Shublik and Kingak source rocks had exceeded peak oil and gas generation temperatures at the time structural traps formed during early Brooks Range deformation. The timing of hydrocarbon generation with respect to deformation therefore represents an important exploration risk for gas exploration in this part of the Brooks Range fold and thrust belt. The persistence of gas high at thermal maturity levels suggests, however, that significant volumes of gas may have been generated.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/07100301111","usgsCitation":"Parris, T., Burruss, R., and O’Sullivan, P.B., 2003, Deformation and the timing of gas generation and migration in the eastern Brooks Range foothills, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 87, no. 11, p. 1823-1846, https://doi.org/10.1306/07100301111.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"1823","endPage":"1846","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233114,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -149.20052773619736,\n              71.95556099002448\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.94899570242555,\n              71.95556099002448\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.94899570242555,\n              69.19546906747962\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.20052773619736,\n              69.19546906747962\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.20052773619736,\n              71.95556099002448\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"87","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe44e4b0c8380cd4ec1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parris, T. M.","contributorId":10199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parris","given":"T. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burruss, R.C. 0000-0001-6827-804X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-804X","contributorId":99574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burruss","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Sullivan, P. B.","contributorId":39950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Sullivan","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024959,"text":"70024959 - 2003 - Production waters associated with the Ferron coalbed methane fields, central Utah: Chemical and isotopic composition and volumes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70024959","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Production waters associated with the Ferron coalbed methane fields, central Utah: Chemical and isotopic composition and volumes","docAbstract":"This study investigated the composition of water co-produced with coalbed methane (CBM) from the Upper Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale in east-central Utah to better understand coalbed methane reservoirs. The Ferron coalbed methane play currently has more than 600 wells producing an average of 240 bbl/day/well water. Water samples collected from 28 wellheads in three fields (Buzzards Bench, Drunkards Wash, and Helper State) of the northeast-southwest trending play were analyzed for chemical and stable isotopic composition.Water produced from coalbed methane wells is a Na-Cl-HCO3 type. Water from the Drunkards Wash field has the lowest total dissolved solids (TDS) (6300 mg/l) increasing in value to the southeast and northeast. In the Helper State field, about 6 miles northeast, water has the highest total dissolved solids (43,000 mg/l), and major ion abundance indicates the possible influence of evaporite dissolution or mixing with a saline brine. In the southern Buzzards Bench field, water has variable total dissolved solids that are not correlated with depth or spatial distance. Significant differences in the relative compositions are present between the three fields implying varying origins of solutes and/or different water-rock interactions along multiple flow paths.Stable isotopic values of water from the Ferron range from +0.9??? to -11.4??? ?? 18O and -32??? to -90??? ?? 2H and plot below the global meteoric water line (GMWL) on a line near, but above values of present-day meteoric water. Isotopic values of Ferron water are consistent with modification of meteoric water along a flow path by mixing with an evolved seawater brine and/or interaction with carbonate minerals. Analysis of isotopic values versus chloride (conservative element) and total dissolved solids concentrations indicates that recharge water in the Buzzards Bench area is distinct from recharge water in Drunkards Wash and is about 3 ??C warmer. These variations in isotopes along with compositional variations imply that the Ferron reservoir is heterogeneous and compartmentalized, and that multiple flow paths may exist. ?? 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(03)00086-7","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Rice, C.A., 2003, Production waters associated with the Ferron coalbed methane fields, central Utah: Chemical and isotopic composition and volumes: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 56, no. 1-2, p. 141-169, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(03)00086-7.","startPage":"141","endPage":"169","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207769,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(03)00086-7"}],"volume":"56","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8de8e4b0c8380cd7eeda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, C. A.","contributorId":106116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70024870,"text":"70024870 - 2003 - The fate of wastewater-derived nitrate in the subsurface of the Florida Keys: Key Colony Beach, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-16T09:07:03","indexId":"70024870","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The fate of wastewater-derived nitrate in the subsurface of the Florida Keys: Key Colony Beach, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>Shallow injection is the predominant mode of wastewater disposal for most tourist-oriented facilities and some residential communities in the US Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Concern has been expressed that wastewater nutrients may be escaping from the saline groundwater system into canals and surrounding coastal waters and perhaps to the reef tract 10&nbsp;km offshore, promoting unwanted algal growth and degradation of water quality. We performed a field study of the fate of wastewater-derived nitrate in the subsurface of a Florida Keys residential community (Key Colony Beach, FL) that uses this disposal method, analyzing samples from 21 monitoring wells and two canal sites. The results indicate that wastewater injection at 18–27&nbsp;m depth into saline groundwater creates a large buoyant plume that flows quickly (within days) upward to a confining layer 6&nbsp;m below the surface, and then in a fast flow path toward a canal 200&nbsp;m to the east within a period of weeks to months. Low-salinity groundwaters along the fast flow path have nitrate concentrations that are not significantly reduced from that of the injected wastewaters (ranging from 400 to 600&nbsp;μmol&nbsp;kg<sup>−1</sup>). Portions of the low-salinity plume off the main axis of flow have relatively long residence times (&gt;2 months) and have had their nitrate concentrations strongly reduced by a combination of mixing and denitrification. These waters have dissolved N<sub>2</sub>&nbsp;concentrations up to 1.6 times air-saturation values with δ<sup>15</sup> N[N<sub>2</sub>]=0.5-5‰, δ<sup>15</sup>N[NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>]=16-26‰, and calculated isotope fractionation factors of about −12±4‰, consistent with denitrification as the predominant nitrate reduction reaction. Estimated rates of denitrification of wastewater in the aquifer are of the order of 4&nbsp;μmol&nbsp;kg<sup>-1</sup>&nbsp;N&nbsp;day<sup>-1</sup>&nbsp;or 0.008&nbsp;day<sup>-1</sup>. The data indicate that denitrification reduces the nitrate load of the injected wastewater substantially, but not completely, before it discharges to nearby canals.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0272-7714(03)00131-8","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Griggs, E., Kump, L., and Böhlke, J., 2003, The fate of wastewater-derived nitrate in the subsurface of the Florida Keys: Key Colony Beach, Florida: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 58, no. 3, p. 517-539, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(03)00131-8.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"517","endPage":"539","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207653,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(03)00131-8"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Keys","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.991455078125,\n              25.522614647623293\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.035400390625,\n              25.596948323286135\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.15625,\n              25.596948323286135\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2716064453125,\n              25.54244147012483\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.3814697265625,\n              25.35891851754525\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.70556640625,\n              25.110471486223346\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.34277343749999,\n              24.886436490787712\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.9854736328125,\n              24.701924833689933\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.144775390625,\n              24.716895455859337\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.3590087890625,\n              24.632038149596895\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.3370361328125,\n              24.52213723599524\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.0404052734375,\n              24.427145340082046\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.45263671875,\n              24.48214938647425\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.10107421874999,\n              24.577099744289427\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.76599121093749,\n              24.716895455859337\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.4034423828125,\n              24.946219074360084\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.255126953125,\n              25.140311914680755\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.991455078125,\n              25.522614647623293\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505babf9e4b08c986b3231bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griggs, E.M.","contributorId":33887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griggs","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kump, L.R.","contributorId":80863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kump","given":"L.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024642,"text":"70024642 - 2003 - Morphological variation in glochidia shells of six species of Elliptio from Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Coast drainages in the southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70024642","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3147,"text":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphological variation in glochidia shells of six species of Elliptio from Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Coast drainages in the southeastern United States","docAbstract":"The genus Elliptio, with 36 currently recognized species, is the largest genus in the family Unionidae in North America. The genus is represented by two species, Elliptio crassidens and E. dilatata, in the Interior Basin and 34 species in drainages of the eastern Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Coast. The paucity and variation of conchological characters in the genus Elliptio makes it extremely difficult to define species and determine relationships. We examined glochidia from six species of Elliptio in an effort to determine if there are useful characteristics for species level identification and/or characters for identification of species groups. Elliptio species were selected to represent different morphological groups from four drainages in the southeastern United States. The glochidia from E. crassidens, E. dariensis, E. hopetonensis, E. icterina, E. shepardiana, and E. mcmichaeli were qualitatively compared, using scanning electron microscopy, with each other and with descriptions of these and other Elliptio glochidia described in the literature. Two groups were identified. The crassidens group, including E. crassidens, E. dariensis, and E. mcmichaeli, had subtriangular glochidia with a triangular styliform hook extending from the ventral margin of the valve and rough exterior valve sculpturing. Adults of this group had wrinkled or corrugated sculpturing on the posterior slope of the shell. The complanata group, including E. hopetonensis, E. icterina, and E. shepardiana, had subelliptical glochidia with a broad flange extending the entire ventral margin and loose-looped exterior valve sculpturing. Adults of this group lack sculpturing on the posterior slope of the shell. Differences in glochidial morphometrics were found, however, additional work is needed to determine if they are reliable for species level identification.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0006324X","usgsCitation":"O’Brien, C.A., Williams, J., and Hoggarth, M., 2003, Morphological variation in glochidia shells of six species of Elliptio from Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Coast drainages in the southeastern United States: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, v. 116, no. 3, p. 719-731.","startPage":"719","endPage":"731","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233166,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e45e4b0c8380cd70903","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Brien, C. A.","contributorId":35908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, J.D.","contributorId":74701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoggarth, M.A.","contributorId":70565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoggarth","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":51982,"text":"wri034045 - 2003 - Comprehensive water quality of the Boulder Creek Watershed, Colorado, during high-flow and low-flow conditions, 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-20T22:28:43.026829","indexId":"wri034045","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-08T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"03-4045","title":"Comprehensive water quality of the Boulder Creek Watershed, Colorado, during high-flow and low-flow conditions, 2000","docAbstract":"<h1>Executive Summary</h1><p>The Boulder Creek Watershed, Colorado, is 1160 square kilometers in area and ranges in elevation from 1480 to 4120 meters above sea level. Streamflow originates primarily as snowmelt near the Continental Divide, and thus discharge varies seasonally and annually (Chapter 1). Most of the water in Boulder Creek is diverted for domestic, agricultural, and industrial use. Some diverted water is returned to the creek as wastewater effluent and by ditch returns, and additional water enters as groundwater and by transbasin diversions. These diversions and returns lead to complex temporal and spatial variations in discharge. The variations in discharge, along with natural factors such as geology and climate, and anthropogenic factors such as wastewater treatment, agriculture, mining, and urbanization, can affect water chemistry. As with many watersheds in the American West, dependable water quality and sufficient water supply are issues facing local water managers and users. </p><p>Detailed water-quality and sediment sampling allows the identification of sources and sinks of chemical constituents and an understanding of the processes at work in a river system. This study, the most comprehensive water-quality analysis performed for Boulder Creek to date, was a cooperative effort of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the city of Boulder. Geographic information systems and modeling programs were used to delineate watershed boundaries, land cover, and geology (Chapter 2). During high-flow (June 2000) and low-flow (October 2000) conditions, researchers evaluated 226 water-quality variables, including basic water-quality indicators (Chapter 3), major ions and trace elements (Chapter 4), wastewater-derived organic compounds (Chapter 5), and pesticides (Chapter 6). Discharge (Chapter 1) and bed-sediment particle size and mineralogy (Chapter 7) were also evaluated. This cooperative study was facilitated by the Boulder Area&nbsp;Sustainability Information Network (BASIN), which provides public access to environmental information about the Boulder Creek Watershed on a website, www.basin.org. In addition to the USGS and city of Boulder data, researchers at the Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research at the University of Colorado provided water chemistry data for the headwaters of North Boulder Creek, upstream of the reach of the USGS/city of Boulder sampling sites (Chapter 8). &nbsp;</p><p>Snowmelt produces high flows in Boulder Creek in late spring to early summer (Chapter 1). Because precipitation falling in the headwaters is very dilute (specific conductance about 5 microsiemens per centimeter), most chemical constituents are present in lower concentrations during high flows (Chapters 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8). However, concentrations of some constituents, such as total suspended solids (Chapter 3) and organic carbon (Chapter 5), increase during the spring snowmelt flush.&nbsp;</p><p> The upper basin, which consists of alpine, subalpine, montane, and foothills regions west of the mouth of Boulder Canyon, is underlain by Precambrian igneous and metamorphic rocks (Chapter 1). Major dissolved inorganic constituents in headwater sites were found to be enriched by factors of 10 to 20 relative to precipitation; this is consistent with minor weathering of the local crystalline bedrock (Chapter 4). Some anthropogenic input is observed in the headwaters; precipitation introduces nitrogen derived from fossil fuel combustion and agricultural activities (Chapter 8).</p><p>The lower basin, which consists of the plains region east of the mouth of Boulder Canyon, is underlain by Mesozoic sedimentary rock and Quaternary alluvium, and has substantially more anthropogenic sources. Concentrations of most dissolved inorganic constituents increased in the lower basin. Differentiation between natural and anthropogenic sources of some dissolved constituents is difficult because both sources contribute to the water composition in this region. The increase of most major constituents&nbsp;(bicarbonate, calcium, chloride, magnesium, sodium, and sulfate) is consistent with weathering of the underlying sedimentary bedrock (Chapter 4). It is likely that anthropogenic loading of constituents in this reach occurs during storm events. Fecal coliform concentrations were variable and in some cases exceeded state standards, primarily during low-flow conditions (Chapter 3).</p><p>Effluent from Boulder’s 75th Street Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) has a substantial impact on the water chemistry of lower Boulder Creek. The WWTP increases the concentrations of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus (Chapter 3), major ions and trace metals (Chapter 4), and organic carbon (Chapter 5) in Boulder Creek. The effluent contained a spike in gadolinium, a rare earth element that is ingested for magnetic resonance imaging as a contrasting agent and then excreted to the urban wastewater system. The effluent also contained trace organic compounds such as surfactants, pharmaceuticals, hormones (Chapter 5), and pesticides (Chapter 6), which also were detected at downstream Boulder Creek sites. Water chemistry of Boulder Creek downstream of the WWTP is largely controlled by the degree of dilution of the wastewater effluent, which varies depending on the baseflow of Boulder Creek, the volume of wastewater effluent, and depletion by agricultural diversions. Coal Creek, a tributary of Boulder Creek, contains wastewater effluent from four additional WWTPs, and increases the load of many constituents in Boulder Creek. In addition to the impact from wastewater effluent, lower Boulder&nbsp;Creek is affected by agricultural land use. Eleven of 84 analyzed pesticides were detected in Boulder Creek or its inflows, primarily in the eastern section of the watershed (Chapter 6).&nbsp;</p><p>This collaborative study provides an in-depth evaluation of the hydrology, water chemistry, and sediment mineralogy of North Boulder Creek, Middle Boulder Creek, Boulder Creek, and major inflows. The detailed sampling and analysis in this report provide a baseline for future reference, as well as information on the effect of land use and geology on water chemistry. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri034045","usgsCitation":"Murphy, S.F., Verplanck, P.L., and Barber, L.B., 2003, Comprehensive Water Quality of the Boulder Creek Watershed, Colorado, During High-Flow and Low-Flow Conditions, 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4045, 198 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034045.","productDescription":"xiii, 198 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology 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7"},{"id":366656,"rank":13,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4045/wri20034025_Errata.pdf","text":"Errata","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 2003-4025 Errata"},{"id":366652,"rank":9,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4045/wri20034025_Chapter5.pdf","text":"Report Chapter 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 2003-4025 Chapter 5"},{"id":366650,"rank":7,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4045/wri20034025_Chapter3.pdf","text":"Report Chapter 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 2003-4025 Chapter 3"},{"id":179190,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4045/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":366644,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4045/wri20034025.pdf","text":"Entire Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 2003-4025"},{"id":366646,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4045/wri20034025_Foreword.pdf","text":"Report Foreword","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 2003-4025 Foreword"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Boulder Creek Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.029052734375,\n              39.806426117299374\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.1888427734375,\n              39.806426117299374\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.1888427734375,\n              40.29419163838167\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.029052734375,\n              40.29419163838167\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.029052734375,\n              39.806426117299374\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources\">Earth System Processes Division, Water Resources Mission Area</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3215 Marine St., Suite E-127<br>Boulder, CO 80303</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Foreword</li><li>Executive Summary</li><li>CHAPTER 1- Environmental Setting and Hydrology of the Boulder Creek Watershed, Colorado</li><li>CHAPTER 2- Delineation and Characterization of the Boulder Creek Watershed and its Sub-Watersheds</li><li>CHAPTER 3- Basic Water Quality in the Boulder Creek Watershed, Colorado, During High-Flow and Low-Flow Conditions, 2000</li><li>CHAPTER 4- Inorganic Water Chemistry of the Boulder Creek Watershed, Colorado, During High-Flow and Low-Flow Conditions, 2000</li><li>CHAPTER 5- Natural and Contaminant Organic Compounds in the Boulder Creek Watershed, Colorado, During High-Flow and Low-Flow Conditions, 2000 During High-Flow and Low-Flow Conditions, 2000</li><li>CHAPTER 6- Pesticides in the Boulder Creek Watershed, Colorado, During High-Flow and Low-Flow Conditions, 2000</li><li>CHAPTER 7- Quantitative Mineralogy and Particle-Size Distribution of Bed Sediments in the Boulder Creek Watershed, Colorado</li><li>CHAPTER 8- Headwater Catchments of North Boulder Creek, Colorado</li></ul>","publishedDate":"2006-04-20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7f52","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Murphy, Sheila F. 0000-0002-5481-3635 sfmurphy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-3635","contributorId":1854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Sheila","email":"sfmurphy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749284,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Verplanck, Philip L. 0000-0002-3653-6419 plv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"Philip","email":"plv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768700,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768701,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":50631,"text":"ofr02164 - 2003 - Ground-water sampling, analytical results, and water-level measurements at sites FT03, LF13, and WP14/LF15, East Management Unit, Dover Air Force Base, Delaware, January-October 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-24T18:33:48.942549","indexId":"ofr02164","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-164","title":"Ground-water sampling, analytical results, and water-level measurements at sites FT03, LF13, and WP14/LF15, East Management Unit, Dover Air Force Base, Delaware, January-October 2000","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force, collected ground-water samples and made water-level measurements from January through October 2000 to monitor natural attenuation at four sites in the East Management Unit of Dover Air Force Base in Kent County, Delaware. The information in this report is based on data from ground-water samples collected during two sampling events, which occurred from January through March 2000 and September through October 2000. Ground-water samples and water-level measurements were collected from 36 monitor wells during the first sampling event. During the second sampling event, groundwater samples were collected from 34 monitor wells and water-level measurements were made in 29 monitor wells. Water-level measurements were also made in 103 wells during a synoptic in March 2000. The analytical results from the groundwater samples, the water-level measurements, and data-collection techniques are presented in this report. Analytical results indicate that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's maximum contaminant levels for constituents analyzed were exceeded in 10 samples collected during the first sampling event and 11 samples collected during the second sampling event. An independent quality-assurance data validation indicated that the water-quality data collected during this study were of good quality, reproducible, and unbiased.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02164","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the United States Air Force, Dover Air Force Base","usgsCitation":"Alexander, K.C., and Barbaro, J.R., 2003, Ground-water sampling, analytical results, and water-level measurements at sites FT03, LF13, and WP14/LF15, East Management Unit, Dover Air Force Base, Delaware, January-October 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-164, v, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02164.","productDescription":"v, 66 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":430464,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0164/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":162118,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0164/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware","county":"Kent County","otherGeospatial":"Dover Air Force Base","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.52302610683567,\n              39.1493849677438\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.52302610683567,\n              39.08758530675095\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.4310127254424,\n              39.08758530675095\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.4310127254424,\n              39.1493849677438\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.52302610683567,\n              39.1493849677438\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69694e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, Kristen C.","contributorId":32580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Kristen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barbaro, Jeffrey Ralph","contributorId":62264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbaro","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"Ralph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":47515,"text":"wri024204 - 2003 - Simulation of the shallow aquifer in the vicinity of Silver Lake, Washington County, Wisconsin, using analytic elements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-28T18:58:04.096795","indexId":"wri024204","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4204","title":"Simulation of the shallow aquifer in the vicinity of Silver Lake, Washington County, Wisconsin, using analytic elements","docAbstract":"<p>Shallow ground-water flow in the vicinity of Silver Lake, Washington County, Wisconsin, was investigated to develop an understanding of the hydrology of the shallow aquifer, define a water balance for the lake, delineate ground-water recharge areas for the lake, and to estimate solute flux toward the lake. A single-layer, steady-state, analytic-element model was used to simulate shallow ground-water flow. Regional model parameters include a recharge rate of 4 inches per year, hydraulic conductivity of 50 feet per day and a model base of 800 feet above sea level. A model inhomogeneity was added to represent deviations from these regional values for an area roughly coincident with the Kettle Moraine Area that trends through the study area. Model calibration was accomplished by varying the regional parameter values and those of the inhomogeneity through trial-and-error to determine a best-fit match between simulated and measured values for head and streamflow targets. There was no change to the regional parameter values as a result of calibration, however, the calibrated values for the inhomogeneity are: recharge rate of 12 inches per year, hydraulic conductivity of 20 feet per day, and a model base of 900 feet. These changes represent a four- to five-fold reduction in transmissivity within the inhomogeneity as compared to the regional model.</p>\n<p>A Silver Lake water budget was defined using both published hydrologic data and simulations using the calibrated model. Model simulations show that 1.08 cubic feet per second of ground water enters Silver Lake on the upgradient (primarily western) side and 0.08 cubic feet per second recharges to ground water on the downgradient (primarily eastern) side. Net precipitation (precipitation minus evaporation) on the lake is 0.04 cubic feet per second. Collectively, these water-budget terms provide a residual value of 1.04 cubic feet per second flow to Silver Creek at the north end of Silver Lake, which is a very good match to the range of measured flow (0.7 to 5.2 cubic feet per second). Ground-water recharge areas for Silver Lake are largely on the western side of the lake. The recharge area for the northern two-thirds of Silver Lake is west toward Big Cedar Lake. Assuming a porosity of 20 percent, model results indicate that the 50-year time-of-travel for recharge to Silver Lake does not extend to Big Cedar Lake. The recharge area for the southern one-third of Silver Lake is west toward Little Cedar Lake. Model results indicate that time of travel for recharge to Silver Lake from Little Cedar Lake is about 15 to 20 years. For travel times greater than 15 or 20 years, the ground-water recharge area for Little Cedar Lake and inflow from Big Cedar Lake also should be considered recharge affecting Silver Lake. Solute flux toward Silver Lake was calculated based on simulated ground-water flux and measured concentrations in the upgradient piezometers and observation wells.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024204","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Silver Lake Protection and Rehabilitation District","usgsCitation":"Dunning, C.P., Thomas, J.C., and Lin, Y., 2003, Simulation of the shallow aquifer in the vicinity of Silver Lake, Washington County, Wisconsin, using analytic elements: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4204, v, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024204.","productDescription":"v, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407533,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54501.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":168727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4204/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":84454,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4204/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Washington County","otherGeospatial":"Silver Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.29299926757812,\n              43.34540466524301\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.29299926757812,\n              43.42699324866588\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.18107604980469,\n              43.42699324866588\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.18107604980469,\n              43.34540466524301\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.29299926757812,\n              43.34540466524301\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a0eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunning, C. P.","contributorId":35792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunning","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Judith Coffman","contributorId":73261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"Coffman","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lin, Yu-Feng","contributorId":108167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"Yu-Feng","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":44894,"text":"wri024196 - 2003 - Investigation of water quality in the Great Sand Dunes National Monument and Preserve, Saguache County, Colorado, February 1999 through September 2000: Qualifying for outstanding waters designation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:13","indexId":"wri024196","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4196","title":"Investigation of water quality in the Great Sand Dunes National Monument and Preserve, Saguache County, Colorado, February 1999 through September 2000: Qualifying for outstanding waters designation","docAbstract":"Great Sand Dunes National Monument and Preserve is located on the eastern side of the San Luis Valley in south-central Colorado. The monument covers 60.4 square miles in Saguache and Alamosa Counties and lies at the base of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, where a unique combination of climate, topography, and hydrology has created and maintained the Nation?s tallest inland sand dunes. The Sangre de Cristo Mountains, which rise to more than 14,000 feet to the north and east of the dunes, are the source of several streams that flow around the dunes and eventually recharge the aquifer beneath the valley. Sand Creek and Medano Creeks are the largest of the streams in the monument that originate in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains; several ephemeral streams flow into Sand Creek and Medano Creek. Maintaining the high surface-water quality in the Great Sand Dunes National Monument and Preserve is identified as a critical issue by the National Park Service. Additionally, the National Park Service has indicated a desire to pursue an Outstanding Waters Designation, which offers the highest level of water-quality protection available under the Clean Water Act and Colorado regulations. This designation is designed to prevent any degradation from existing conditions (Chatman and others, 1997). Assessment is needed to evaluate whether the water quality of the streams in the monument meets the requirements for an Outstanding Waters Designation. Historically, prospecting and mining activities have occurred in the watersheds of Sand and Medano Creeks; currently, however, there is no mining activity in those watersheds. In addition, the camping and recreation that occur upstream from the monument on national preserve lands and water activities that occur in Medano Creek during the summer are a potential source of human-waste contamination.  Figure 1. Location of study area, sampling sites, and indication of sites that meet or exceed instream standards. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the National Park Service, investigated the water quality at 15 sites (fig. 1) from February 1999 through September 2000 to identify baseline water-quality conditions and to determine if the water met standards to qualify for the Outstanding Waters Designation. This report describes current water-quality conditions in streams in the monument and compares the water-quality data to Colorado instream standards to assist the State of Colorado Water Quality Control Commission in the determination of qualification for Outstanding Waters Designation.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024196","usgsCitation":"Ferguson, S.A., 2003, Investigation of water quality in the Great Sand Dunes National Monument and Preserve, Saguache County, Colorado, February 1999 through September 2000: Qualifying for outstanding waters designation: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4196, 8 p. : ill., map ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024196.","productDescription":"8 p. : ill., map ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169966,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3787,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024196","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4783e4b07f02db483888","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferguson, Sheryl A.","contributorId":78698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferguson","given":"Sheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":53263,"text":"ofr2003358 - 2003 - Delta revival: Restoring a California ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-04T15:13:05.716256","indexId":"ofr2003358","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-358","title":"Delta revival: Restoring a California ecosystem","docAbstract":"'Delta Revival: Restoring a California Ecosystem' shows scientists from many disciplines working together to guide the unprecendented restoration of the Sacramento- San Joaquin Delta east of San Francisco Bay.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr2003358","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, and California Bay Delta Authority, 2003, Delta revival: Restoring a California ecosystem: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-358, HTML Document; DVD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2003358.","productDescription":"HTML Document; DVD-ROM","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":174410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":53287,"text":"wdrNY021 - 2003 - Water Resources Data New York Water Year 2002, Volume 1. Eastern New York Excluding Long Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-13T08:43:50","indexId":"wdrNY021","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NY-02-1","title":"Water Resources Data New York Water Year 2002, Volume 1. Eastern New York Excluding Long Island","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 2002 water year for New York consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and ground-water levels. This volume contains records for water discharge at 147 gaging stations; stage only at 8 gaging stations; stage and contents at 4 gaging stations, and 18 other lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 29 gaging stations; and water levels at 14 observation wells. Also included are data for 32 crest-stage partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These data together with the data in volumes 2 and 3 represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with State, Municipal, and Federal agencies in New York.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrNY021","usgsCitation":"Butch, G., Murray, P., Hebert, G., and Weigel, J.F., 2003, Water Resources Data New York Water Year 2002, Volume 1. Eastern New York Excluding Long Island: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NY-02-1, 525 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNY021.","productDescription":"525 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4990,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/wdr-ny-02-1/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":360234,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/wdr-ny-02-1/pdf/rept2002.all.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd242","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butch, G.K.","contributorId":63849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butch","given":"G.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murray, P.M.","contributorId":33358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hebert, G.J.","contributorId":18445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hebert","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weigel, J. F.","contributorId":74394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weigel","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":51956,"text":"ofr037 - 2003 - Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter of the mid and outer continental shelf, head of De Soto Canyon, northeastern Gulf of Mexico: data, images, and GIS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-01T14:15:22","indexId":"ofr037","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-7","title":"Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter of the mid and outer continental shelf, head of De Soto Canyon, northeastern Gulf of Mexico: data, images, and GIS","docAbstract":"<p>The mid to outer continental shelf off Mississippi-Alabama and off northwest Florida were the focus of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) multibeam echosounder (MBES) mapping cruises in 2000 and 2001, respectively. These areas were mapped to investigate the extent of \"deep-water reefs\" first suggested by Ludwig and Walton (1957). The reefs off Mississippi and Alabama were initially described in water depths of 60 to 120 m (Ludwig and Walton, 1957) but the 2000 mapping found reef and hardgrounds to be much more extensive than previously thought (Gardner et al., 2001). The persistent trend of reef-like features along the outer shelf of Mississippi-Alabama suggested the trend might continue along the northwest Florida mid and outer shelf so a MBES-mapping effort was mounted in 2001 to test this suggestion. It is critical to determine the accurate location, geomorphology, and types of the ridges and reefs that occur in this region to understand the Quaternary history of the area and to assess their importance as benthic habitats for fisheries.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The area known as the \"Head of De Soto Canyon\" is the large unmapped region between the 2000 and 2001 mapped areas. It was unknown whether the reefs of the Mississippi-Alabama shelf continue eastward into the head of De Soto Canyon and connect with the ridges and reefs mapped on the northwest Florida outer shelf. The existence of carbonate-cemented Quaternary to Holocene sandstones along the western wall of the head of De Soto Canyon (Shipp and Hopkins, 1978; Benson et al., 1997; W.W. Schroeder, personal commun., 2002) is of interest because of the potential benthic habitats they may represent. In the summer of 2002, the USGS, in cooperation with Minerals Management Service (MMS), the University of New Hampshire, and the University of New Brunswick, conducted a MBES survey of the Head of De Soto Canyon Region connecting the 2000 and 2001 mapped regions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr037","usgsCitation":"Gardner, J.V., Hughes Clarke, J.E., Mayer, L.A., and Dartnell, P., 2003, Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter of the mid and outer continental shelf, head of De Soto Canyon, northeastern Gulf of Mexico: data, images, and GIS: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-7, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr037.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179164,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr037.GIF"},{"id":4504,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0007/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":285234,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0007/intro.html"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"De Soto Canyon;Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.2747,27.9653 ], [ -90.2747,31.5879 ], [ -84.0015,31.5879 ], [ -84.0015,27.9653 ], [ -90.2747,27.9653 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db64049e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, James V.","contributorId":93035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hughes Clarke, John E.","contributorId":58676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hughes Clarke","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mayer, Larry A.","contributorId":69583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":244536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":47745,"text":"wri024225 - 2003 - Nutrient, trace-element, and ecological history of Musky Bay, Lac Courte Oreilles, Wisconsin, as inferred from sediment cores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-13T14:17:14","indexId":"wri024225","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4225","title":"Nutrient, trace-element, and ecological history of Musky Bay, Lac Courte Oreilles, Wisconsin, as inferred from sediment cores","docAbstract":"<p>Sediment cores were collected from Musky Bay, Lac Courte Oreilles, and from surrounding areas in 1999 and 2001 to determine whether the water quality of Musky Bay has declined during the last 100 years or more as a result of human activity, specifically cottage development and cranberry farming. Selected cores were analyzed for sedimentation rates, nutrients, minor and trace elements, biogenic silica, diatom assemblages, and pollen over the past several decades. Two cranberry bogs constructed along Musky Bay in 1939 and the early 1950s were substantially expanded between 1950?62 and between 1980?98. Cottage development on Musky Bay has occurred at a steady rate since about 1930, although currently housing density on Musky Bay is one-third to one-half the housing density surrounding three other Lac Courte Oreilles bays. Sedimentation rates were reconstructed for a core from Musky Bay by use of three lead radioisotope models and the cesium-137 profile. The historical average mass and linear sedimentation rates for Musky Bay are 0.023 grams per square centimeter per year and 0.84 centimeters per year, respectively, for the period of about 1936?90. There is also limited evidence that sedimentation rates may have increased after the mid-1990s. Historical changes in input of organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur to Musky Bay could not be directly identified from concentration profiles of these elements because of the potential for postdepositional migration and recycling. Minor- and trace-element profiles from the Musky Bay core possibly reflect historical changes in the input of clastic material over time, as well as potential changes in atmospheric deposition inputs. The input of clastic material to the bay increased slightly after European settlement and possibly in the 1930s through 1950s. Concentrations of copper in the Musky Bay core increased steadily through the early to mid-1900s until about 1980 and appear to reflect inputs from atmospheric deposition. Aluminum- normalized concentrations of calcium, copper, nickel, and zinc increased in the Musky Bay core in the mid-1990s. However, concentrations of these elements in surficial sediment from Musky Bay were similar to concentrations in other Lac Courte Oreilles bays, nearby lakes, and soils and were below probable effects concentrations for aquatic life. Biogenic-silica, diatom-community, and pollen profiles indicate that Musky Bay has become more eutrophic since about 1940 with the onset of cottage development and cranberry farming. The water quality of the bay has especially degraded during the last 25 years with increased growth of aquatic plants and the onset of a floating algal mat during the last decade. Biogenic silica data indicate that diatom production has consistently increased since the 1930s. Diatom assemblage profiles indicate a shift from low-nutrient species to higher-nutrient species during the 1940s and that aquatic plants reached their present density and/or composition during the 1970s. The diatom Fragilaria capucina (indicative of algal mat) greatly increased during the mid-1990s. Pollen data indicate that milfoil, which often becomes more common with elevated nutrients, became more widespread after 1920. The pollen data also indicate that wild rice was present in the eastern end of Musky Bay during the late 1800s and the early 1900s but disappeared after about 1920, probably because of water-level changes more so than eutrophication.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024225","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lac Courte Oreilles Tribe Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade, and Consumer Protection","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, F.A., Garrison, P.J., Fitzgerald, S., and Elder, J.F., 2003, Nutrient, trace-element, and ecological history of Musky Bay, Lac Courte Oreilles, Wisconsin, as inferred from sediment cores: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4225, vi, 141 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024225.","productDescription":"vi, 141 p.","numberOfPages":"148","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4076,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wi.water.usgs.gov/pubs/wrir-02-4225/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":84658,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4225/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4225/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lac Courte Oreilles, Musky Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.43165588378905,\n              45.99934661801396\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.5157699584961,\n              45.915810457254395\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.52881622314453,\n              45.88976919245778\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.4944839477539,\n              45.81994707894864\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.45362854003906,\n              45.8151615345158\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.37741088867188,\n              45.85606466507107\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.36058807373047,\n              45.859890320433756\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.32041931152344,\n              45.88259972825987\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.29878997802733,\n              45.898371328091486\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.30290985107422,\n              45.92631906688105\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.28746032714844,\n              45.96403812284582\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.29432678222656,\n              45.97859367638589\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.34101867675781,\n              46.008647135033385\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.39183044433594,\n              46.01842291576195\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.43920898437499,\n              46.01508503858\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.43165588378905,\n              45.99934661801396\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696760","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith A. fafitzpa@usgs.gov","contributorId":1182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith","email":"fafitzpa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":236140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garrison, Paul J.","contributorId":73193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fitzgerald, Sharon A. safitzge@usgs.gov","contributorId":4532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"Sharon A.","email":"safitzge@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":236141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elder, John F.","contributorId":23919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elder","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":236142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":53433,"text":"wri024258 - 2003 - Simulations of Flooding on Pea River and Whitewater Creek in the Vicinity of the Proposed Elba Bypass at Elba, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:58","indexId":"wri024258","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4258","title":"Simulations of Flooding on Pea River and Whitewater Creek in the Vicinity of the Proposed Elba Bypass at Elba, Alabama","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional finite-element surface-water model was used to study the effects of proposed modifications to the State Highway 203 corridor (proposed Elba Bypass/relocated U.S. Highway 84) on water-surface elevations and flow distributions during flooding in the Pea River and Whitewater Creek Basins at Elba, Coffee County, Alabama. Flooding was first simulated for the March 17, 1990, flood, using the 1990 flood-plain conditions to calibrate the model to match measured data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers after the flood. After model calibration, the effects of flooding were simulated for four scenarios: (1) floods having the 50- and 100-year recurrence intervals for the existing flood-plain, bridge, highway, and levee conditions; (2) floods having the 50- and 100-year recurrence intervals for the existing flood-plain and levee conditions with the State Highway 203 embankment and bridge removed; (3) floods having the 50- and 100-year recurrence intervals for the existing flood-plain, bridge, and highway conditions with proposed modifications (elevating) to the levee; and (4) floods having the 50- and 100-year recurrence intervals for the proposed conditions reflecting the Elba Bypass and modified levee.\r\nThe simulation of floodflow for the Pea River and Whitewater Creek flood of March 17, 1990, in the study reach compared closely to flood profile data obtained after the flood. The flood of March 17, 1990, had an estimated peak discharge of 58,000 cubic feet per second at the gage (just below the confluence) and was estimated to be between a 50-year and 100-year flood event. The estimated peak discharge for Pea River and Whitewater Creek was 40,000 and 42,000 cubic feet per second, respectively.\r\nSimulation of floodflows for the 50-year flood (51,400 cubic feet per second) at the gage for existing flood-plain, bridge, highway, and levee conditions indicated that about 31 percent of the peak flow was conveyed by the State Highway 203 bridge over Whitewater Creek, approximately 12 percent overtopped the State Highway 203 embankment, and about 57 percent was conveyed by the Pea River flood plain east of State Highway 125. For this simulation, flow from Pea River (2,380 cubic feet per second) overtopped State Highway 125 and crossed over into the Whitewater Creek flood plain north of State Highway 203, creating one common flood plain. The water-surface elevation estimated at the downstream side of the State Highway 203 bridge crossing Whitewater Creek was 202.82 feet. The girders for both the State Highway 203 and U.S. Highway 84 bridges were partially submerged, but U.S. Highway 84 was not overtopped.\r\nFor the 100-year flood (63,500 cubic feet per second) at the gage, the simulation indicated that about 25 percent of the peak flow was conveyed by the State Highway 203 bridge over Whitewater Creek, approximately 24 percent overtopped the State Highway 203 embankment, and about 51 percent was conveyed by the Pea River flood plain east of State Highway 125. The existing levee adjacent to Whitewater Creek was overtopped by a flow of 3,200 cubic feet per second during the 100-year flood. For this simulation, flow from Pea River (6,710 cubic feet per second) overtopped State Highway 125 and crossed over into the Whitewater Creek flood plain north of State Highway 203. The water-surface elevation estimated at the downstream side of the State Highway 203 bridge crossing Whitewater Creek was 205.60 feet. The girders for both the State Highway 203 and U.S. Highway 84 bridges were partially submerged, and the west end of the U.S. Highway 84 bridge was overtopped.\r\nSimulation of floodflows for the 50-year flood at the gage for existing flood-plain and levee conditions, but with the State Highway 203 embankment and bridge removed, yielded a lower water-surface elevation (202.90 feet) upstream of this bridge than that computed for the existing conditions. For the 100-year flood, the simulation indi","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024258","usgsCitation":"Hedgecock, T.S., 2003, Simulations of Flooding on Pea River and Whitewater Creek in the Vicinity of the Proposed Elba Bypass at Elba, Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4258, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024258.","productDescription":"35 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":100364,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4258/report.pdf","size":"11964","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":180807,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4258/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d3e4b07f02db548e12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hedgecock, T. Scott","contributorId":20783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedgecock","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":52662,"text":"wri034061 - 2003 - Analysis of tests of subsurface injection, storage, and recovery of freshwater in Lancaster, Antelope Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-09T10:06:11","indexId":"wri034061","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4061","title":"Analysis of tests of subsurface injection, storage, and recovery of freshwater in Lancaster, Antelope Valley, California","docAbstract":"Ground-water levels in Lancaster, California, declined more than 200 feet during the 20th century, resulting in reduced ground-water supplies and more than 6 feet of land subsidence. Facing continuing population growth, water managers are seeking solutions to these problems. Injection of imported, treated fresh water into the aquifer system when it is most available and least expensive, for later use during high-demand periods, is being evaluated as part of a management solution. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Los Angeles County Department of Public Works and the Antelope Valley-East Kern Water Agency, monitored a pilot injection program, analyzed the hydraulic and subsidence-related effects of injection, and developed a simulation/optimization model to help evaluate the effectiveness of using existing and proposed wells in an injection program for halting the decline of ground-water levels and avoiding future land subsidence while meeting increasing ground-water demand.\r\n\r\nA variety of methods were used to measure aquifer-system response to injection. Water levels were measured continuously in nested (multi-depth) piezometers and monitoring wells and periodically in other wells that were within several miles of the injection site. Microgravity surveys were done to estimate changes in the elevation of the water table in the absence of wells and to estimate specific yield. Aquifer-system deformation was measured directly and continuously using a dual borehole extensometer and indirectly using continuous Global Positioning System (GPS), first-order spirit leveling, and an array of tiltmeters. The injected water and extracted water were sampled periodically and analyzed for constituents, including chloride and trihalomethanes. Measured injection rates of about 750 gallons per minute (gal/min) per well at the injection site during a 5-month period showed that injection at or above the average extraction rates at that site (about 800 gal/min) was hydraulically feasible.\r\n\r\nAnalyses of these data took many forms. Coupled measurements of gravity and water-level change were used to estimate the specific yield near the injection wells, which, in turn, was used to estimate areal water-table changes from distributed measurements of gravity change. Values of the skeletal components of aquifer-system storage, which are key subsidence-related characteristics of the system, were derived from continuous measurements of water levels and aquifer-system deformation. A numerical model of ground-water flow was developed for the area surrounding Lancaster and used to estimate horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivities. A chemical mass balance was done to estimate the recovery of injected water.\r\n\r\nThe ground-water-flow model was used to project changes in ground-water levels for 10 years into the future, assuming no injection, no change in pumping distribution, and forecasted increases in ground-water demand. Simulated ground-water levels decreased throughout the Lancaster area, suggesting that land subsidence would continue as would the depletion of ground-water supplies and an associated loss of well production capacity. A simulation/optimization model was developed to help identify optimal injection and extraction rates for 16 existing and 13 proposed wells to avoid future land subsidence and to minimize loss of well production capacity while meeting increasing ground-water demands. Results of model simulations suggest that these objectives can be met with phased installation of the proposed wells during the 10-year period. Water quality was not considered in the optimization, but chemical-mass-balance results indicate that a sustained injection program likely would have residual effects on the chemistry of ground water.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri034061","usgsCitation":"Phillips, S.P., Carlson, C.S., Metzger, L.F., Howle, J.F., Galloway, D.L., Sneed, M., Ikehara, M.E., Hudnut, K.W., and King, N.E., 2003, Analysis of tests of subsurface injection, storage, and recovery of freshwater in Lancaster, Antelope Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4061, 122 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034061.","productDescription":"122 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5160,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ca.water.usgs.gov/pubs/wrir_03-4061.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Califronia","city":"Lancaster","otherGeospatial":"Antelope Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.48892211914062,\n              34.44429120303373\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.6470947265625,\n              34.44429120303373\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.6470947265625,\n              35.03336986422378\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.48892211914062,\n              35.03336986422378\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.48892211914062,\n              34.44429120303373\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680ac5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Steven P. 0000-0002-5107-868X sphillip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5107-868X","contributorId":1506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Steven","email":"sphillip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":245737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlson, Carl S. 0000-0001-7142-3519 cscarlso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7142-3519","contributorId":1694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Carl","email":"cscarlso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":245738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Metzger, Loren F. 0000-0003-2454-2966 lmetzger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2454-2966","contributorId":1378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metzger","given":"Loren","email":"lmetzger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":245736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Howle, James F. 0000-0003-0491-6203 jfhowle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-6203","contributorId":2225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howle","given":"James","email":"jfhowle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":245739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Galloway, Devin L. 0000-0003-0904-5355 dlgallow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Devin","email":"dlgallow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":245735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sneed, Michelle 0000-0002-8180-382X micsneed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8180-382X","contributorId":155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sneed","given":"Michelle","email":"micsneed@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":245733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ikehara, Marti E.","contributorId":53757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ikehara","given":"Marti","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hudnut, Kenneth W. 0000-0002-3168-4797 hudnut@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-4797","contributorId":2550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"Kenneth","email":"hudnut@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":245740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"King, Nancy E. nking@usgs.gov","contributorId":586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Nancy","email":"nking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":245734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":53868,"text":"bsr020004 - 2002 - Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends (BEST) Program: Environmental contaminants and their effects on fish in the Mississippi River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-11T13:01:43.580348","indexId":"bsr020004","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-10T09:05:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9,"text":"Biological Science Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2002-0004","displayTitle":"Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends (BEST) Program: Environmental Contaminants and their Effects on Fish in the Mississippi River Basin","title":"Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends (BEST) Program: Environmental contaminants and their effects on fish in the Mississippi River Basin","docAbstract":"We collected, examined, and analyzed 1378 fish of 22 species from 47 sites in the Mississippi River basin (MRB) during 1995 and from a reference site in 1996. The sampling sites in the MRB represented National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program (NCBP) stations situated at key points on major rivers and National Water- Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) stations located on lower-order rivers and streams in the Eastern Iowa Basins (EIB) and Mississippi Embayment (MSE) Study Units. The reference site was the water supply system of the USGS-Leetown Science Center in rural Jefferson County, WV. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio; carp) and black basses (Micropterus spp.; bass), the targeted species, together represented 82% of the fish collected. Each fish was examined in the field for externally and internally visible gross lesions, selected organs were weighed to compute various ponderal and organo-somatic indices, and selected tissues and fluids were obtained and preserved for analysis of biomarkers. Fish health indicators included splenic macrophage aggregates, lysozyme activity, and hispathological analysis of liver, kidney, and other tissues. Reproductive biomarkers included analysis of plasma concentrations of vitellogenin (vtg) and the sex steroid hormones 17&#61666;-estradiol (E2) and 11-ketotestosterone (11- kt); and the histological determination of percent oocyte atresia (in female fish) and gonadal stage. Hepatic ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity was also measured. Composite samples of whole fish from each station were grouped by species and gender and analyzed for persistent organochlorine and elemental contaminants and for dioxin-like activity (TCDD-EQ) using the H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay. Organochlorine and inorganic contaminant concentrations in fish were generally low relative to historical levels at most sites, but remained present at concentrations representing threats to piscivorous wildlife in some locations. Toxaphene and DDT (mostly as p,p?-DDE) concentrations remained elevated in fish from the cottongrowing regions of the lower Mississippi valley, and were generally greater in the smaller streams draining agricultural areas (that is, in the MSE Study Unit) than at large river sites. Cyclodiene pesticide concentrations were also greatest in the EIB Study Unit and elsewhere in the corn-growing regions of the mid-MRB. Former point-sources of organochlorine pesticides also remained evident, especially in the Mississippi River near Memphis, TN. Consistent with previous findings, total PCB concentrations tended to be greatest (1-3 &#61621;g/g) in the industrialized and urbanized Ohio River and Upper Mississippi sub-basins and at Memphis, TN, and were generally correlated with TCDD-EQ and EROD activity. Conversely, PCB concentrations were low (<0.1 &#61621;g/g) in the more agricultural parts of the MRB. Concentrations of inorganic contaminants were also relatively low and stable or declining relative to past levels at most sites. Exceptions were Hg and Se; Hg concentrations were slightly elevated (>0.3 &#61621;g/g) in bass from the Mississippi River at Memphis and several other sites and in carp from one MSE site. Concentrations of Se were also great enough to constitute a hazard to piscivorous wildlife (>0.6 &#61621;g/g) at several MRB sites in the western parts of the MRB and were especially high (4-5 &#61621;g/g) in fish from John Martin Reservoir, CO, where elevated concentrations were reported previously. Biomarker results indicated that fish from many stations had been exposed to contaminants, but at no sites did findings indicate exposure to high concentrations of toxic chemicals. Noteworthy among biomarker findings was that 73% of the male smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui) from the Mississippi River at Lake City, MN (Lake Pepin) were intersex as indicated by the histological detection of ovotestes; and the combined EROD and H4IIE results indicated that fish from several rural sites in the","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Schmitt, C.J., 2002, Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends (BEST) Program: Environmental contaminants and their effects on fish in the Mississippi River Basin: Biological Science Report 2002-0004, xiii, 241 p.","productDescription":"xiii, 241 p.","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4699,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bsr/2002/0004/bsr20020004.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":178229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bsr/2002/0004/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.59374999999999,\n              30.826780904779774\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.396484375,\n              32.84267363195431\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.08984375,\n              36.66841891894786\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.5078125,\n              41.178653972331674\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.75976562499999,\n              41.178653972331674\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.330078125,\n              42.87596410238256\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.17578124999999,\n              45.02695045318546\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.955078125,\n              47.87214396888731\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.767578125,\n              48.86471476180277\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.32617187499999,\n              49.210420445650286\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.77539062499999,\n              49.095452162534826\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.60937499999999,\n              48.69096039092549\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.763671875,\n              45.1510532655634\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.19335937499999,\n              40.44694705960048\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.71093749999999,\n              38.685509760012\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.0859375,\n              37.85750715625203\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.625,\n              35.88905007936091\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.373046875,\n              29.916852233070173\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3515625,\n              28.38173504322308\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.681640625,\n              29.38217507514529\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.59374999999999,\n              30.826780904779774\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db622fa6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmitt, Christopher J. 0000-0001-6804-2360 cjschmitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Christopher","email":"cjschmitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70159906,"text":"70159906 - 2002 - Modeling and measuring snow for assessing climate change impacts in Glacier National Park, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T09:09:42","indexId":"70159906","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-17T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modeling and measuring snow for assessing climate change impacts in Glacier National Park, Montana","docAbstract":"<p>A 12-year program of global change research at Glacier National Park by the U.S. Geological Survey and numerous collaborators has made progress in quantifying the role of snow as a driver of mountain ecosystem processes. Spatially extensive snow surveys during the annual accumulation/ablation cycle covered two mountain watersheds and approximately 1,000 km2 . Over 7,000 snow depth and snow water equivalent (SWE) measurements have been made through spring 2002. These augment two SNOTEL sites, 9 NRCS snow courses, and approximately 150 snow pit analyses. Snow data were used to establish spatially-explicit interannual variability in snowpack SWE. East of the Continental Divide, snowpack SWE was lower but also less variable than west of the Divide. Analysis of snowpacks suggest downward trends in SWE, a reduction in snow cover duration, and earlier melt-out dates during the past 52 years. Concurrently, high elevation forests and treelines have responded with increased growth. However, the 80 year record of snow from 3 NRCS snow courses reflects a strong influence from the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, resulting in 20-30 year phases of greater or lesser mean SWE. Coupled with the fine-resolution spatial snow data from the two watersheds, the ecological consequences of changes in snowpack can be empirically assessed at a habitat patch scale. This will be required because snow distribution models have had varied success in simulating snowpack accumulation/ablation dynamics in these mountain watersheds, ranging from R2=0.38 for individual south-facing forested snow survey routes to R2=0.95 when aggregated to the watershed scale. Key ecological responses to snowpack changes occur below the watershed scale, such as snow-mediated expansion of forest into subalpine meadows, making continued spatially-explicit snow surveys a necessity.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of International Snow Science Workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Snow Science Workshop","conferenceDate":"September 29 - October 4, 2002","conferenceLocation":"Penticton, British Columbia","language":"English","publisher":"Montana State University","publisherLocation":"Bozeman, MT","usgsCitation":"Fagre, D.B., Selkowitz, D.J., Reardon, B., Holzer, K., and McKeon, L., 2002, Modeling and measuring snow for assessing climate change impacts in Glacier National Park, Montana, <i>in</i> Proceedings of International Snow Science Workshop, Penticton, British Columbia, September 29 - October 4, 2002, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":311861,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311860,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://arc.lib.montana.edu/snow-science/search.php?workshop=International+Snow+Science+Workshop+Proceedings+2002"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.08178710937499,\n              49.005447494058096\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.9609375,\n              48.73807825631017\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.7796630859375,\n              48.669198799260045\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.4940185546875,\n              48.50932644976633\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.1754150390625,\n              48.381793961204984\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.9996337890625,\n              48.06706753191901\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.04931640625,\n              48.35989909002194\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.2470703125,\n              48.53479452317522\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.3843994140625,\n              48.75618876280552\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.4613037109375,\n              48.99824008113872\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.08178710937499,\n              49.005447494058096\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566175dce4b06a3ea36c56d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fagre, Daniel B. 0000-0001-8552-9461 dan_fagre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-9461","contributorId":2036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"Daniel","email":"dan_fagre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Selkowitz, David J. 0000-0003-0824-7051 dselkowitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0824-7051","contributorId":3259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selkowitz","given":"David","email":"dselkowitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reardon, Blase","contributorId":150198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reardon","given":"Blase","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":580983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holzer, Karen","contributorId":89055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"Karen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKeon, Lisa 0000-0002-1760-0235 lisa_mckeon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1760-0235","contributorId":3683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKeon","given":"Lisa","email":"lisa_mckeon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70159747,"text":"70159747 - 2002 - Effectiveness of Brucella abortus Strain 19 single calfhood vaccination in elk (Cervus elaphus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-19T13:29:04","indexId":"70159747","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-08T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Effectiveness of Brucella abortus Strain 19 single calfhood vaccination in elk (Cervus elaphus)","docAbstract":"<p>Brucellosis in Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) bison and elk has been a source of controversy and focus of the Greater Yellowstone Interagency Brucellosis Committee (GYIBC) for years. Brucellosis has been eradicated from cattle in the 3 states of Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho and all three states currently are classified as &ldquo;brucellosis free&rdquo; with regard to livestock. Yet free-ranging elk that attend feedgrounds in the GYA, and bison in Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks, still have high seroprevalence to the disease and are viewed as a threat to the state-federal cooperative national brucellosis eradication program. Recently, cattle in eastern Idaho were found infected with brucellosis and transmission was apparently from fed elk. The GYIBC, formed of state and federal agencies involved in wildlife and livestock management in the 3 states, has committed to eventual elimination of the disease from wildlife. Management tools to control or eliminate the disease are limited; however, wildlife vaccination is one of the methods currently employed. Effective wildlife vaccination depends on dose efficacy, deliverability, and safety to non-targeted species. We commenced a single-dose efficacy study of vaccine Brucella abortus strain 19 (S19) in elk in 1999.</p>","conferenceTitle":"51st Annual Wildlife Disease Association Conference","conferenceDate":"July 28-August 1, 2002","conferenceLocation":"Arcata, CA","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","usgsCitation":"Roffe, T.J., Jones, L.C., Coffin, K., and Sweeney, S., 2002, Effectiveness of Brucella abortus Strain 19 single calfhood vaccination in elk (Cervus elaphus), 51st Annual Wildlife Disease Association Conference, Arcata, CA, July 28-August 1, 2002, p. 149-150.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"150","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311566,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311565,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.wildlifedisease.org/wda/CONFERENCES.aspx"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.6595458984375,\n              43.20517581723733\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.6595458984375,\n              45.3868773482704\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.7591552734375,\n              45.3868773482704\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.7591552734375,\n              43.20517581723733\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.6595458984375,\n              43.20517581723733\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564f00c3e4b064dd1d09557c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Williams, Beth","contributorId":149997,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Beth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580321,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quist, Charlotte","contributorId":104436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"Charlotte","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580322,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Roffe, Thomas J.","contributorId":56596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roffe","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, Lee C.","contributorId":149998,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coffin, Kenneth","contributorId":149999,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coffin","given":"Kenneth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sweeney, Steven J.","contributorId":31159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweeney","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5224185,"text":"5224185 - 2002 - Metal concentrations in zebra mussels and sediments from embayments and riverine environments of eastern Lake Erie, southern Lake Ontario, and the Niagara River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-10T16:44:43.22897","indexId":"5224185","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:56","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metal concentrations in zebra mussels and sediments from embayments and riverine environments of eastern Lake Erie, southern Lake Ontario, and the Niagara River","docAbstract":"<p>Concentrations of 14 metals were studied in the soft tissues of zebra mussels (<i>Dreissena polymorpha</i>) and sediments from 16 Great Lakes embayments and riverine environments. Samples were collected in 1993 and 1994 during the early and late autumn period when the body mass of mussels is least affected by reproductive activities. There was a significant difference in geometric mean concentrations of all metals except Cu in mussels sampled from different sites, and there was a significant difference in the geometric mean concentrations of all metals but Cd, Mn, and Zn between years. The higher metal concentrations in mussels from this study were generally similar to those in mussels from contaminated European and U.S. locations, and those with lower concentrations were similar to those from uncontaminated European and U.S. locations. Geometric mean sediment concentrations of all metals differed significantly among sites. Sediment concentrations of metals from some sites were above EPA guidelines for moderately polluted harbor sediments. Sites where zebra mussels had higher concentrations of Al, Cr, and V tended to be the same sites as those where sediment concentrations of these metals were also higher. However, there was not a significant statistical relationship between concentrations of metals in zebra mussels and sediments, except for Mg.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-002-1176-5","usgsCitation":"Lowe, T., and Day, D.D., 2002, Metal concentrations in zebra mussels and sediments from embayments and riverine environments of eastern Lake Erie, southern Lake Ontario, and the Niagara River: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 43, no. 3, p. 301-308, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-002-1176-5.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"308","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, Niagara River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.14501953125,\n              42.293564192170095\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.309814453125,\n              41.68932225997044\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.1455078125,\n              42.407234661551875\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.73901367187499,\n              42.72280375732727\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.85986328125,\n              43.229195113965005\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.42041015625,\n              43.30919109985686\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.991943359375,\n              43.28520334369384\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.5634765625,\n              43.205175817237304\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.83837890625,\n              43.229195113965005\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.09130859375,\n              43.55651037504758\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.124267578125,\n              43.8028187190472\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.025390625,\n              44.04811573082351\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.50830078125,\n              43.50872101129684\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.25537109375,\n              43.31718491566705\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.420166015625,\n              43.08493742707592\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2001953125,\n              42.83569550641452\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.14501953125,\n              42.293564192170095\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6258e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowe, T. P.","contributorId":26028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"T. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day, D. D.","contributorId":28711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5224158,"text":"5224158 - 2002 - Temporal variation in bird counts within a Hawaiian rainforest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-22T16:38:11.727327","indexId":"5224158","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:55","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal variation in bird counts within a Hawaiian rainforest","docAbstract":"We studied monthly and annual variation in density estimates of nine forest bird species along an elevational gradient in an east Maui rainforest.  We conducted monthly variable circular-plot counts for 36 consecutive months along transects running downhill from timberline.  Density estimates were compared by month, year, and station for all resident bird species with sizeable populations, including four native nectarivores, two native insectivores, a non-native insectivore, and two non-native generalists.  We compared densities among three elevational strata and between breeding and nonbreeding seasons.  All species showed significant differences in density estimates among months and years.  Three native nectarivores had higher density estimates within their breeding season (December-May) and showed decreases during periods of low nectar production following the breeding season.  All insectivore and generalist species except one had higher density estimates within their March-August breeding season.  Density estimates also varied with elevation for all species, and for four species a seasonal shift in population was indicated.  Our data show that the best time to conduct counts for native forest birds on Maui is January-February, when birds are breeding or preparing to breed, counts are typically high, variability in density estimates is low, and the likelihood for fair weather is best.  Temporal variations in density estimates documented in our study site emphasize the need for consistent, well-researched survey regimens and for caution when drawing conclusions from, or basing management decisions on, survey data.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/condor/104.3.469","usgsCitation":"Simon, J.C., Pratt, T., Berlin, K.E., Kowalsky, J.R., Fancy, S., and Hatfield, J., 2002, Temporal variation in bird counts within a Hawaiian rainforest: Condor, v. 104, no. 3, p. 469-481, https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/104.3.469.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"469","endPage":"481","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478588,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/104.3.469","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":202900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -160.400390625,\n              21.3303150734318\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.5439453125,\n              20.385825381874263\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.26953125,\n              18.8543103618898\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.3466796875,\n              18.8543103618898\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.423828125,\n              19.352610894378625\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.357421875,\n              21.739091217718574\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.81835937499997,\n              22.350075806124867\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.6201171875,\n              22.350075806124867\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.400390625,\n              21.3303150734318\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dce4b07f02db5e1b3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simon, John C.","contributorId":71673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, T.K.","contributorId":13717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berlin, Kim E.","contributorId":70522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berlin","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kowalsky, James R.","contributorId":54707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kowalsky","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fancy, S.G.","contributorId":8957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fancy","given":"S.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":41372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
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