We investigated effects of ecological and physiological factors on brood patch area and prolactin levels in free-ranging Lesser Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens; hereafter “Snow Geese”) and Ross's Geese (C. rossii). On the basis of the body-size hypothesis, we predicted that the relationships between prolactin levels, brood patch area, and body condition would be stronger in Ross's Geese than in the larger Snow Geese. We found that brood patch area was positively related to clutch volume and inversely related to prolactin levels in Ross's Geese, but not in Snow Geese. Nest size, nest habitat, and first egg date did not affect brood patch area in either species. Prolactin levels increased as incubation progressed in female Snow Geese, but this relationship was not significant in Ross's Geese. Prolactin levels and body condition (as indexed by size-adjusted body mass) were inversely related in Ross's Geese, but not in Snow Geese. Our findings are consistent with the prediction that relationships between prolactin levels, brood patch area, and body condition are relatively stronger in Ross's Geese, because they mobilize endogenous reserves at faster rates than Snow Geese.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[405:EAPFAB]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Jonsson, J., Afton, A., Alisauskas, R., Bluhm, C., and El Halawani, M., 2006, Ecological and physiological factors affecting brood patch area and prolactin levels in arctic-nesting geese: The Auk, v. 123, no. 2, p. 405-418, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[405:EAPFAB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"405","endPage":"418","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477464,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[405:eapfab]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239396,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0543e4b0c8380cd50d1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jonsson, J.E.","contributorId":61623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jonsson","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alisauskas, R.T.","contributorId":89645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alisauskas","given":"R.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bluhm, C.K.","contributorId":40016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bluhm","given":"C.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"El Halawani, M.E.","contributorId":92491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"El Halawani","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030218,"text":"70030218 - 2006 - Comparison of breeding bird and vegetation communities in primary and secondary forests of Great Smoky Mountains National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-19T12:05:11","indexId":"70030218","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of breeding bird and vegetation communities in primary and secondary forests of Great Smoky Mountains National Park","docAbstract":"We compared breeding bird communities and vegetation characteristics at paired point locations in primary (undisturbed) and mature secondary forest (70-100 years old) sites in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA to understand how sites logged prior to creation of the park compare to undisturbed sites following 70 years of protection from human disturbance. We found that bird and vegetation communities are currently similar, but retain some differences in species composition. Rank abundance curves for primary and secondary forest bird communities showed very similar patterns of species dominance. Species composition was also similar on the two sites which shared 24 of the 25 most frequently recorded species. Nonetheless, comparisons of density estimates derived from distance sampling showed three bird species were more abundant on primary forest sites and that one bird species was significantly more abundant on secondary forest sites. Notably, comparisons based on raw counts (unadjusted for potential differences in detectability) produced somewhat different results. Analyses of vegetation samples for the paired sites also showed relative similarity, but with some differences between primary and secondary forests. Primary forest sites had more large trees (trees greater than 50 cm diameter at breast height) and late successional species. Primary forest sites had a denser tall shrub layer while secondary forest sites had a denser canopy layer. Nonetheless, tree species richness, basal area of live trees and number of standing snags did not differ between primary and secondary forest sites. Results indicate that breeding bird communities on sites within the park that were logged commercially 70 years ago are currently quite similar to bird communities on sites with no history of human disturbance. Similarities between the bird communities on previously disturbed and undisturbed sites in Great Smoky Mountains National Park may exceed those on more fragmented landscapes because large patches of primary forest, adjacent to commercially logged sites, remained in the park when it was established in 1935. These patches of primary forest may have served as source areas for commercially logged sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Ltd.","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2005.10.044","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Simons, T.R., Shriner, S.A., and Farnsworth, G.L., 2006, Comparison of breeding bird and vegetation communities in primary and secondary forests of Great Smoky Mountains National Park: Biological Conservation, v. 129, no. 3, p. 302-311, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.10.044.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"302","endPage":"311","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239395,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Great Smoky Mountains National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.17886352539062,\n 35.81001773806242\n ],\n [\n -83.15139770507811,\n 35.807790334456776\n ],\n [\n -83.10745239257812,\n 35.78662688467009\n ],\n [\n -83.067626953125,\n 35.74316846139925\n ],\n [\n -83.03329467773438,\n 35.69634053686432\n ],\n [\n -83.01956176757811,\n 35.65060102359122\n ],\n [\n -83.0291748046875,\n 35.60148556537354\n ],\n [\n -83.06488037109375,\n 35.55457449014312\n ],\n [\n -83.0950927734375,\n 35.529991058953534\n ],\n [\n -83.18435668945312,\n 35.49198366469642\n ],\n [\n -83.37661743164062,\n 35.44612729642443\n ],\n [\n -83.45489501953125,\n 35.42374884923695\n ],\n [\n -83.53591918945312,\n 35.4159149234562\n ],\n [\n -83.68148803710936,\n 35.40360292969232\n ],\n [\n -83.80783081054688,\n 35.41703410234845\n ],\n [\n -83.89022827148438,\n 35.43605776486772\n ],\n [\n -83.95889282226562,\n 35.47632833265731\n ],\n [\n -84.00146484374999,\n 35.50651802802079\n ],\n [\n -84.0179443359375,\n 35.5478706653327\n ],\n [\n -84.01931762695312,\n 35.60371874069731\n ],\n [\n -83.97537231445312,\n 35.65729624809628\n ],\n [\n -83.91769409179688,\n 35.68518697509636\n ],\n [\n -83.87237548828125,\n 35.7019167328534\n ],\n [\n -83.82431030273438,\n 35.69522525087309\n ],\n [\n -83.79547119140625,\n 35.66510663398735\n ],\n [\n -83.7652587890625,\n 35.655064568953875\n ],\n [\n -83.73367309570312,\n 35.67737855391475\n ],\n [\n -83.69659423828125,\n 35.711952902907186\n ],\n [\n -83.61968994140624,\n 35.721987809328716\n ],\n [\n -83.551025390625,\n 35.73425097869431\n ],\n [\n -83.48648071289061,\n 35.75431391021905\n ],\n [\n -83.40408325195312,\n 35.766572101173516\n ],\n [\n -83.36837768554688,\n 35.80110774881785\n ],\n [\n -83.30245971679688,\n 35.821153818963175\n ],\n [\n -83.21319580078125,\n 35.827834717743585\n ],\n [\n -83.17886352539062,\n 35.81001773806242\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"129","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f853e4b0c8380cd4d019","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simons, Theodore R. 0000-0002-1884-6229 tsimons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1884-6229","contributorId":2623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"Theodore","email":"tsimons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":426174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shriner, Susan A.","contributorId":168690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shriner","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13407,"text":"Colorado State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":426172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farnsworth, George L.","contributorId":168691,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farnsworth","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030936,"text":"70030936 - 2006 - Methanogenic calcite, 13C-depleted bivalve shells, and gas hydrate from a mud volcano offshore southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030936","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methanogenic calcite, 13C-depleted bivalve shells, and gas hydrate from a mud volcano offshore southern California","docAbstract":"Methane and hydrogen sulfide vent from a cold seep above a shallowly buried methane hydrate in a mud volcano located 24 km offshore southern California in?? 800 m of water. Bivalves, authigenic calcite, and methane hydrate were recovered in a 2.1 m piston core. Aragonite shells of two bivalve species are unusually depleted in 13C (to -91??? ??13C), the most 13C-depleted shells of marine macrofauna yet discovered. Carbon isotopes for both living and dead specimens indicate that they used, in part, carbon derived from anaerobically oxidized methane to construct their shells. The ??13C values are highly variable, but most are within the range -12??? to -91???. This variability may be diagnostic for identifying cold-seep-hydrate systems in the geologic record. Authigenic calcite is abundant in the cores down to ???1.5 m subbottom, the top of the methane hydrate. The calcite is depleted in 13C (??13C = -46??? to -58???), indicating that carbon produced by anaerobically oxidized methane is the main source of the calcite. Methane sources include a geologic hydrocarbon reservoir from Miocene source rocks, and biogenic and thermogenic degradation of organic matter in basin sediments. Oxygen isotopes indicate that most calcite formed out of isotopic equilibrium with ambient bottom water, under the influence of gas hydrate dissociation and strong methane flux. High metal content in the mud volcano sediment indicates leaching of basement rocks by fluid circulating along an underlying fault, which also allows for a high flux of fossil methane. ?? 2006 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G22098.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Hein, J., Normark, W.R., McIntyre, B., Lorenson, T., and Powell, C., 2006, Methanogenic calcite, 13C-depleted bivalve shells, and gas hydrate from a mud volcano offshore southern California: Geology, v. 34, no. 2, p. 109-112, https://doi.org/10.1130/G22098.1.","startPage":"109","endPage":"112","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211475,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G22098.1"},{"id":238770,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5542e4b0c8380cd6d187","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McIntyre, B.R.","contributorId":80485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntyre","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lorenson, T.D.","contributorId":7715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Powell, C.L. II","contributorId":93520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"C.L.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030217,"text":"70030217 - 2006 - State summaries: Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030217","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"State summaries: Utah","docAbstract":"The value of Utah's mineral production in 2005 was estimated to be a record $3.58 billion. This was $1.26 billion higher than the revised value of $2.32 billion for 2004. All major industry segments gained in value in 2005. In the value of nonfuel mineral production, Utah ranked fourth. The outlook for 2006 is cautiously optimistic. The value of mineral production is projected to increase slightly in 2006 due to increased production of most base and precious metals, coal and most major industrial minerals.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00265187","usgsCitation":"Bon, R., and Krahulec, K., 2006, State summaries: Utah: Mining Engineering, v. 58, no. 5, p. 116-122.","startPage":"116","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239364,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b96d9e4b08c986b31b74f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bon, R.L.","contributorId":26880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bon","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krahulec, K.A.","contributorId":42429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krahulec","given":"K.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030216,"text":"70030216 - 2006 - The potential for chromium to affect the fertilization process of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-01T11:11:28","indexId":"70030216","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The potential for chromium to affect the fertilization process of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"The Hanford Nuclear Reservation in south central Washington was claimed by the federal government as a site for the production of plutonium. During the course of production and operation of the facilities at Hanford, radionuclides and chromium were discharged directly into the river and also contaminated the groundwater. This study was designed to assess the effects of chromium (Cr) on Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) fertilization under exposure conditions similar to those of the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River. Chinook salmon gametes were exposed to aqueous Cr concentrations ranging from 0 to 266 μg Cr l−1. The current ambient water-quality criteria (AWQC) established for the protection of aquatic life (United States Environmental Protection Agency [USEPA] 1986) is 11 μg Cr l−1. Cr has been measured in pore water from bottom sediments of the Columbia River at concentrations >600 μg Cr l−1. Under exposure conditions designed to closely mimic events that occur in the river, the fertilization of Chinook salmon eggs was not affected by concentrations of Cr ranging from 11 to 266 μg Cr l−1. Data suggest that the instantaneous nature of fertilization likely limits the potential effects of Cr on fertilization success. As a result, the current AWQC of 11 μg Cr l−1 is most likely protective of Chinook salmon fertilization.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-005-0010-2","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Farag, A., Harper, D., Cleveland, L., Brumbaugh, W.G., and Little, E.E., 2006, The potential for chromium to affect the fertilization process of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River, Washington, USA: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 50, no. 4, p. 575-579, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-005-0010-2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"575","endPage":"579","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211970,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-005-0010-2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Hanford Reach","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.80590820312499,\n 46.66074749832071\n ],\n [\n -119.8553466796875,\n 46.59661864884465\n ],\n [\n -119.61914062499999,\n 46.63435070293566\n ],\n [\n -119.5147705078125,\n 46.66074749832071\n ],\n [\n -119.39941406249999,\n 46.54752767224308\n ],\n [\n -119.3280029296875,\n 46.46813299215554\n ],\n [\n -119.26208496093751,\n 46.58529390583601\n ],\n [\n -119.41589355468749,\n 46.71350244599995\n ],\n [\n -119.5037841796875,\n 46.74738913515841\n ],\n [\n -119.72900390625001,\n 46.68336307047754\n ],\n [\n -119.80590820312499,\n 46.66074749832071\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baeaee4b08c986b32427d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farag, A.M.","contributorId":106273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harper, D.D.","contributorId":82526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cleveland, L.","contributorId":82084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brumbaugh, W. G.","contributorId":106441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":426169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Little, E. E.","contributorId":13187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":426165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030215,"text":"70030215 - 2006 - Speciation of volatile arsenic at geothermal features in Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T15:43:38.639607","indexId":"70030215","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Speciation of volatile arsenic at geothermal features in Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"Geothermal features in the Yellowstone National Park contain up to several milligram per liter of aqueous arsenic. Part of this arsenic is volatilized and released into the atmosphere. Total volatile arsenic concentrations of 0.5–200 mg/m3 at the surface of the hot springs were found to exceed the previously assumed nanogram per cubic meter range of background concentrations by orders of magnitude. Speciation of the volatile arsenic was performed using solid-phase micro-extraction fibers with analysis by GC–MS. The arsenic species most frequently identified in the samples is (CH3)2AsCl, followed by (CH3)3As, (CH3)2AsSCH3, and CH3AsCl2 in decreasing order of frequency. This report contains the first documented occurrence of chloro- and thioarsines in a natural environment. Toxicity, mobility, and degradation products are unknown.
Updated proxy reconstructions of water year (October–September) streamflow for four key gauges in the Upper Colorado River Basin were generated using an expanded tree ring network and longer calibration records than in previous efforts. Reconstructed gauges include the Green River at Green River, Utah; Colorado near Cisco, Utah; San Juan near Bluff, Utah; and Colorado at Lees Ferry, Arizona. The reconstructions explain 72–81% of the variance in the gauge records, and results are robust across several reconstruction approaches. Time series plots as well as results of cross‐spectral analysis indicate strong spatial coherence in runoff variations across the subbasins. The Lees Ferry reconstruction suggests a higher long‐term mean than previous reconstructions but strongly supports earlier findings that Colorado River allocations were based on one of the wettest periods in the past 5 centuries and that droughts more severe than any 20th to 21st century event occurred in the past.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004455","usgsCitation":"Woodhouse, C.A., Gray, S., and Meko, D.M., 2006, Updated streamflow reconstructions for the Upper Colorado River Basin: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 5, Article W05415; 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004455.","productDescription":"Article W05415; 16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238910,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Upper Colorado River Basin","volume":"42","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd1ce4b08c986b328ece","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodhouse, Connie A.","contributorId":187601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodhouse","given":"Connie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":32413,"text":"University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, 85721","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":430076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, Stephen T. sgray@usgs.gov","contributorId":221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Stephen T.","email":"sgray@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meko, David M.","contributorId":145887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meko","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":430075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028985,"text":"70028985 - 2006 - Precipitation induced stream flow: An event based chemical and isotopic study of a small stream in the Great Plains region of the USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028985","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precipitation induced stream flow: An event based chemical and isotopic study of a small stream in the Great Plains region of the USA","docAbstract":"A small stream in the Great Plains of USA was sampled to understand the streamflow components following intense precipitation and the influence of water storage structures in the drainage basin. Precipitation, stream, ponds, ground-water and soil moisture were sampled for determination of isotopic (D, 18O) and chemical (Cl, SO4) composition before and after two intense rain events. Following the first storm event, flow at the downstream locations was generated primarily through shallow subsurface flow and runoff whereas in the headwaters region - where a pond is located in the stream channel - shallow ground-water and pond outflow contributed to the flow. The distinct isotopic signatures of precipitation and the evaporated pond water allowed separation of the event water from the other sources that contributed to the flow. Similarly, variations in the Cl and SO4 concentrations helped identify the relative contributions of ground-water and soil moisture to the streamflow. The relationship between deuterium excess and Cl or SO4 content reveals that the early contributions from a rain event to streamflow depend upon the antecedent climatic conditions and the position along the stream channel within the watershed. The design of this study, in which data from several locations within a watershed were collected, shows that in small streams changes in relative contributions from ground water and soil moisture complicate hydrograph separation, with surface-water bodies providing additional complexity. It also demonstrates the usefulness of combined chemical and isotopic methods in hydrologic investigations, especially the utility of the deuterium excess parameter in quantifying the relative contributions of various source components to the stream flow. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.04.004","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Machavaram, M., Whittemore, D.O., Conrad, M., and Miller, N., 2006, Precipitation induced stream flow: An event based chemical and isotopic study of a small stream in the Great Plains region of the USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 330, no. 3-4, p. 470-480, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.04.004.","startPage":"470","endPage":"480","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209908,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.04.004"},{"id":236660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"330","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a811ae4b0c8380cd7b383","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Machavaram, M.V.","contributorId":9051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machavaram","given":"M.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whittemore, Donald O.","contributorId":28748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittemore","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conrad, M.E.","contributorId":26088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, N.L.","contributorId":82904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031021,"text":"70031021 - 2006 - Eolian additions to late Quaternary alpine soils, Indian Peaks Wilderness Area, Colorado Front Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70031021","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":899,"text":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eolian additions to late Quaternary alpine soils, Indian Peaks Wilderness Area, Colorado Front Range","docAbstract":"Surface horizons of many alpine soils on Quaternary deposits in high-mountain settings are enriched in silt. The origin of these particles has been debated, particularly in the Rocky Mountain region of North America. The most common explanations are frost shattering of coarser particles and eolian additions from distant sources. We studied soil A horizons on alpine moraines of late-glacial (Satanta Peak) age in the Colorado Front Range. Surface horizons of soils on these moraines are enriched in silt and have a particle size distribution that resembles loess and dust deposits found elsewhere. The compositions of sand and silt fractions of the soils were compared to possible local source rocks, using immobile trace elements Ti, Nb, Zr, Ce, and Y. The sand fractions of soils have a wide range of trace element ratios, similar to the range of values in the local biotite gneiss bedrock. In contrast, silt fractions have narrower ranges of trace element ratios that do not overlap the range of these ratios in biotite gneiss. The particle size and geochemical results support an interpretation that silts in these soils are derived from airborne dust. Eolian silts were most likely derived from distant sources, such as the semiarid North Park and Middle Park basins to the west. We hypothesize that much of the eolian influx to soils of the Front Range occurred during an early to mid-Holocene warm period, when sediment availability in semiarid source basins was at a maximum.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1657/1523-0430(2006)038[0120:EATLQA]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15230430","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., and Benedict, J., 2006, Eolian additions to late Quaternary alpine soils, Indian Peaks Wilderness Area, Colorado Front Range: Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, v. 38, no. 1, p. 120-130, https://doi.org/10.1657/1523-0430(2006)038[0120:EATLQA]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"120","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211699,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1657/1523-0430(2006)038[0120:EATLQA]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":239041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09fee4b0c8380cd52148","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benedict, J.B.","contributorId":66059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031022,"text":"70031022 - 2006 - Mixing of shallow and deep groundwater as indicated by the chemistry and age of karstic springs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70031022","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mixing of shallow and deep groundwater as indicated by the chemistry and age of karstic springs","docAbstract":"Large karstic springs in east-central Florida, USA were studied using multi-tracer and geochemical modeling techniques to better understand groundwater flow paths and mixing of shallow and deep groundwater. Spring water types included Ca-HCO3 (six), Na-Cl (four), and mixed (one). The evolution of water chemistry for Ca-HCO3 spring waters was modeled by reactions of rainwater with soil organic matter, calcite, and dolomite under oxic conditions. The Na-Cl and mixed-type springs were modeled by reactions of either rainwater or Upper Floridan aquifer water with soil organic matter, calcite, and dolomite under oxic conditions and mixed with varying proportions of saline Lower Floridan aquifer water, which represented 4-53% of the total spring discharge. Multiple-tracer data-chlorofluorocarbon CFC-113, tritium (3H), helium-3 (3Hetrit), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) - for four Ca-HCO3 spring waters were consistent with binary mixing curves representing water recharged during 1980 or 1990 mixing with an older (recharged before 1940) tracer-free component. Young-water mixing fractions ranged from 0.3 to 0.7. Tracer concentration data for two Na-Cl spring waters appear to be consistent with binary mixtures of 1990 water with older water recharged in 1965 or 1975. Nitrate-N concentrations are inversely related to apparent ages of spring waters, which indicated that elevated nitrate-N concentrations were likely contributed from recent recharge. ?? Springer-Verlag 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10040-005-0478-x","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Toth, D.J., and Katz, B., 2006, Mixing of shallow and deep groundwater as indicated by the chemistry and age of karstic springs: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 14, no. 5, p. 827-847, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-005-0478-x.","startPage":"827","endPage":"847","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211700,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-005-0478-x"},{"id":239042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b88e4b0c8380cd6f607","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toth, D. J.","contributorId":46563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toth","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":82702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031029,"text":"70031029 - 2006 - A new species of freshwater mussel (Bivalvia: Unionidae), Pleurobema athearni, from the Coosa River Drainage of Alabama, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031029","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3814,"text":"Zootaxa","onlineIssn":"1175-5334","printIssn":"1175-5326","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new species of freshwater mussel (Bivalvia: Unionidae), Pleurobema athearni, from the Coosa River Drainage of Alabama, USA","docAbstract":"The Mobile Basin historically supported one of the most diverse freshwater mussel (Bivalvia: Unionidae) assemblages in North America. More than 65 species of mussels are known from the Basin, but it is difficult to determine how many species were present historically. The drainage's unique physical habitat was largely destroyed between the late 1800s and mid-1900s by impoundment and channel modifications of most of the larger rivers. Many species that were once common are now restricted to small headwater rivers and mid-sized tributaries. Recent Coosa River tributary surveys revealed a new, undescribed species of Pleurobema. This new species, Pleurobema athearni, is distinctive in outward appearance, shell morphometry and reproductive morphology, and can be distinguished from other Coosa River drainage unionids. Our analysis indicates that P. athearni is morphologically different from other similar taxa. It differs both in shell width/length and width/height ratios and thus provides a simple, quantitative means to differentiate this species from P. georgianum (Lea, 1841) Fusconaia barnesiana (Lea, 1838), and F. cerina (Conrad, 1838), which it superficially resembles and that also occur in the area. Our morphological diagnosis of this species is supported by recent molecular analyses that suggest this species is a Pleurobema and one closely related to other endemic Coosa River drainage unionids. The discovery of a new species of large, long-lived macroinvertebrate from a relatively well-sampled drainage in a populated region of the southeast United States underscores the need for more detailed surveys in isolated stretches of tributary streams. It should also serve as a reminder that almost 40 species of aquatic mollusks have been extirpated from the Mobile Basin before anything could be learned about their habitat or life history requirements. Copyright ?? 2006 Magnolia Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Zootaxa","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"11755326","usgsCitation":"Gangloff, M., Williams, J., and Feminella, J., 2006, A new species of freshwater mussel (Bivalvia: Unionidae), Pleurobema athearni, from the Coosa River Drainage of Alabama, USA: Zootaxa, no. 1118, p. 43-56.","startPage":"43","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"1118","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4b6e4b0c8380cd46878","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gangloff, M.M.","contributorId":76938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gangloff","given":"M.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, J.D.","contributorId":74701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feminella, J.W.","contributorId":50269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feminella","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70031032,"text":"70031032 - 2006 - Rayleigh-wave diffractions due to a void in the layered half space","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T13:34:43","indexId":"70031032","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3317,"text":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rayleigh-wave diffractions due to a void in the layered half space","docAbstract":"Void detection is challenging due to the complexity of near-surface materials and the limited resolution of geophysical methods. Although multichannel, high-frequency, surface-wave techniques can provide reliable shear (S)-wave velocities in different geological settings, they are not suitable for detecting voids directly based on anomalies of the S-wave velocity because of limitations on the resolution of S-wave velocity profiles inverted from surface-wave phase velocities. Xia et al. (2006a) derived a Rayleigh-wave diffraction traveltime equation due to a void in the homogeneous half space. Encouraging results of directly detecting a void from Rayleigh-wave diffractions were presented (Xia et al., 2006a). In this paper we used four two-dimensional square voids in the layered half space to demonstrate the feasibility of detecting a void with Rayleigh-wave diffractions. Rayleigh-wave diffractions were recognizable for all these models after removing direct surface waves by F-K filtering. We evaluate the feasibility of applying the Rayleigh-wave diffraction traveltime equation to a void in the layered earth model. The phase velocity of diffracted Rayleigh waves is predominately determined by surrounding materials of a void. The modeling results demonstrate that the Rayleigh-wave diffraction traveltime equation due to a void in the homogeneous half space can be applied to the case of a void in the layered half space. In practice, only two diffraction times are necessary to define the depth to the top of a void and the average velocity of diffracted Rayleigh waves. ?? 2005 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.2369782","issn":"10523812","usgsCitation":"Xia, J., Xu, Y., Miller, R., and Nyquist, J.E., 2006, Rayleigh-wave diffractions due to a void in the layered half space: SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, v. 25, no. 1, p. 1406-1410, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2369782.","startPage":"1406","endPage":"1410","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211395,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2369782"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a955de4b0c8380cd8197f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xu, Y.","contributorId":47816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nyquist, Jonathan E.","contributorId":101801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nyquist","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":34225,"text":"Temple University, Philadelphia, Pa.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":429700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029008,"text":"70029008 - 2006 - Cassini observations of flow-like features in western Tui Regio, Titan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70029008","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cassini observations of flow-like features in western Tui Regio, Titan","docAbstract":"A large (>3 ?? 104 km2), lobate, 5-??m-bright region seen by Cassini on Titan's leading equatorial region is best explained as a flow field. We discuss observations from the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer and Imaging Science Subsystem of the feature and present a map of the field. We establish relative ages of flow features and discuss possible formation mechanisms and the implications of this finding for the evolution of Titan's surface. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006GL026843","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Barnes, J.W., Brown, R.H., Radebaugh, J., Buratti, B.J., Sotin, C., Le Mouelic, S., Rodriguez, S., Turtle, E.P., Perry, J., Clark, R., Baines, K.H., and Nicholson, P.D., 2006, Cassini observations of flow-like features in western Tui Regio, Titan: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 33, no. 16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026843.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477496,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl026843","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209985,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026843"},{"id":236767,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f38ee4b0c8380cd4b89f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, J. W.","contributorId":14554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Radebaugh, J.","contributorId":34639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Radebaugh","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Le Mouélic, Stéphane","contributorId":92786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Le Mouélic","given":"Stéphane","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rodriguez, S.","contributorId":54329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Turtle, E. P.","contributorId":44281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turtle","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Perry, J.","contributorId":41173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Clark, R.","contributorId":100780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70031054,"text":"70031054 - 2006 - Characterization and petrologic interpretation of olivine-rich basalts at Gusev Crater, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T12:04:20","indexId":"70031054","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization and petrologic interpretation of olivine-rich basalts at Gusev Crater, Mars","docAbstract":"Rocks on the floor of Gusev crater are basalts of uniform composition and mineralogy. Olivine, the only mineral to have been identified or inferred from data by all instruments on the Spirit rover, is especially abundant in these rocks. These picritic basalts are similar in many respects to certain Martian meteorites (olivine-phyric shergottites). The olivine megacrysts in both have intermediate compositions, with modal abundances ranging up to 20-30%. Associated minerals in both include low-calcium and high-calcium pyroxenes, plagioclase of intermediate composition, iron-titanium-chromium oxides, and phosphate. These rocks also share minor element trends, reflected in their nickel-magnesium and chromium-magnesium ratios. Gusev basalts and shergottites appear to have formed from primitive magmas produced by melting an undepleted mantle at depth and erupted without significant fractionation. However, apparent differences between Gusev rocks and shergottites in their ages, plagioclase abundances, and volatile contents preclude direct correlation. Orbital determinations of global olivine distribution and compositions by thermal emission spectroscopy suggest that olivine-rich rocks may be widespread. Because weathering under acidic conditions preferentially attacks olivine and disguises such rocks beneath alteration rinds, picritic basalts formed from primitive magmas may even be a common component of the Martian crust formed during ancient and recent times.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2005JE002477","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"McSween, H., Wyatt, M., Gellert, R., Bell, J., Morris, R., Herkenhoff, K.E., Crumpler, L., Milam, K., Stockstill, K., Tornabene, L., Arvidson, R., Bartlett, P., Blaney, D., Cabrol, N., Christensen, P.R., Clark, B.C., Crisp, J., Des Marais, D., Economou, T., Farmer, J., Farrand, W., Ghosh, A., Golombek, M., Gorevan, S., Greeley, R., Hamilton, V., Johnson, J.R., Joliff, B., Klingelhofer, G., Knudson, A., McLennan, S., Ming, D., Moersch, J., Rieder, R., Ruff, S.W., Schroder, C., de Souza, P., Squyres, S.W., Wanke, H., Wang, A., Yen, A., and Zipfel, J., 2006, Characterization and petrologic interpretation of olivine-rich basalts at Gusev Crater, Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 111, no. 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However, few of the studies that investigate habitat associations at multiple spatial scales have considered the potential effects of cross-scale correlations in measured habitat variables. When cross-scale correlations in such studies are strong, conclusions drawn about the relative strength of habitat associations at different spatial scales may be inaccurate. Here we adapt and demonstrate an analytical technique based on variance decomposition for quantifying the influence of cross-scale correlations on multiscale habitat associations. We used the technique to quantify the variation in nest-site locations of Red-naped Sapsuckers (Sphyrapicus nuchalis) and Northern Flickers (Colaptes auratus) associated with habitat descriptors at three spatial scales. We demonstrate how the method can be used to identify components of variation that are associated only with factors at a single spatial scale as well as shared components of variation that represent cross-scale correlations. Despite the fact that no explanatory variables in our models were highly correlated (r < 0.60), we found that shared components of variation reflecting cross-scale correlations accounted for roughly half of the deviance explained by the models. These results highlight the importance of both conducting habitat analyses at multiple spatial scales and of quantifying the effects of cross-scale correlations in such analyses. Given the limits of conventional analytical techniques, we recommend alternative methods, such as the variance-decomposition technique demonstrated here, for analyzing habitat associations at multiple spatial scales. ?? 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A histological analysis of lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) and Ross's geese (C. rossii)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:10","indexId":"70030717","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2226,"text":"Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do geese fully develop brood patches? A histological analysis of lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) and Ross's geese (C. rossii)","docAbstract":"Most birds develop brood patches before incubation; epidermis and dermis in the brood patch region thicken, and the dermal connective tissue becomes increasingly vascularized and infiltrated by leukocytes. However, current dogma states that waterfowl incubate without modifications of skin within the brood patch region. The incubation periods of lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens; hereafter called snow geese) and Ross's geese (C. rossii) are 2-6 days shorter than those of other goose species; only females incubate. Thus, we hypothesized that such short incubation periods would require fully developed brood patches for sufficient heat transfer from incubating parents to eggs. We tested this hypothesis by analyzing the skin histology of abdominal regions of snow and Ross's geese collected at Karrak Lake, Nunavut, Canada. For female snow geese, we found that epidermis and dermis had thickened and vascularization of dermis was 14 times greater, on average, than that observed in males (n=5 pairs). Our results for Ross's geese (n=5 pairs) were more variable, wherein only one of five female Ross's geese fully developed a brood patch. Our results are consistent with three hypotheses about brood patch development and its relationship with different energetic cost-benefit relationships, resulting from differences in embryonic development and body size. ?? Springer-Verlag 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00360-006-0066-y","issn":"01741578","usgsCitation":"Jonsson, J., Afton, A., Homberger, D., Henk, W., and Alisauskas, R., 2006, Do geese fully develop brood patches? A histological analysis of lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) and Ross's geese (C. rossii): Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology, v. 176, no. 5, p. 453-462, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-006-0066-y.","startPage":"453","endPage":"462","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212111,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00360-006-0066-y"},{"id":239536,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"176","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0361e4b0c8380cd50466","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jonsson, J.E.","contributorId":61623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jonsson","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Homberger, D.G.","contributorId":56033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homberger","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Henk, W.G.","contributorId":64891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henk","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Alisauskas, R.T.","contributorId":89645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alisauskas","given":"R.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030718,"text":"70030718 - 2006 - Comparative ecology of the Flammulated Owl and Northern Saw-whet Owl during fall migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030718","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative ecology of the Flammulated Owl and Northern Saw-whet Owl during fall migration","docAbstract":"We compared the migration ecology of two owl species that exhibit different migration strategies: the Flammulated Owl (Otus flammeolus) and the Northern Saw-whet Owl (Aegolius acadicus). During fall 1999-2004, we captured 117 Flammulated Owls and 1433 Northern Saw-whet Owls in the southern Boise Mountains of southwestern Idaho. These owl species exhibited contrasting seasonal timing and body condition. Flammulated Owl captures peaked in mid-September and Northern Saw-whet Owl captures peaked in early to mid-October. Flammulated Owls displayed greater body condition than Northern Saw-whet Owls and increasing condition scores during the season, whereas Northern Saw-whet Owls had no apparent seasonal condition patterns. Based on seasonal timing of captures, both species showed unimodal movement patterns characteristic of fall migrants. However, in 1999 both species' capture rates were at least double those in other years of this study. Flammulated Owls' earlier arrival and departure, coupled with superior body condition, were consistent among years and typical of a long-distance migration strategy. In contrast, the Northern Saw-whet Owls' later arrival, more lengthy passage, and variable body condition were more characteristic of a short-distance migrant strategy. Furthermore, Northern Saw-whet Owls' body condition was significantly lower during the irruptive year than during nonirruptive years, supporting the notion that population density affects their migratory condition. ?? 2006 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08921016","usgsCitation":"Stock, S., Heglund, P., Kaltenecker, G., Carlisle, J., and Leppert, L., 2006, Comparative ecology of the Flammulated Owl and Northern Saw-whet Owl during fall migration: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 40, no. 2, p. 120-129.","startPage":"120","endPage":"129","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f817e4b0c8380cd4ce8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stock, S.L.","contributorId":99374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stock","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heglund, P.J.","contributorId":44505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heglund","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaltenecker, G.S.","contributorId":80489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaltenecker","given":"G.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carlisle, J.D.","contributorId":16221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leppert, L.","contributorId":64024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leppert","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030716,"text":"70030716 - 2006 - Insect visitation and pollen deposition in an invaded prairie plant community","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:10","indexId":"70030716","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Insect visitation and pollen deposition in an invaded prairie plant community","docAbstract":"Invasive plants with large flowering displays have been shown to compete with native plants for pollinator services, often to the detriment of native plant fitness. In this study, we compare the pollinator communities and pollen deposited on stigmas of native plant species within and away from stands of the invasive alien plant, leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) at a large natural area in North Dakota, USA. Specifically, we ask if infestation influences (1) visitation rates and taxonomic composition of visitors to native flowers, and (2) the amount of conspecific pollen, number of pollen species, and proportion of heterospecific pollen on stigmas of native plants. We observed visits to selected native species during May and June 2000 and 2001. Stigmas were collected from a subsample of the flowers within these plots, squashed, and the pollen identified and counted under a light microscope. Visitation varied between years and among species of native plants: infestation had mixed effects in 2000 but visitation, especially by halictids was always lower within infestations in 2001. Despite differences in visitation between years, we found significantly less conspecific pollen on stigmas from infested plots in six of eight cases; we never found significantly more conspecific pollen on stigmas from within infestations. Our results emphasize the temporal variability in plant-pollinator relations and the added complexity imposed by an invasive species that will always make prediction of effects difficult. Nonetheless, the consistently lower conspecific pollen counts on native stigmas within infestations, regardless of visitation, suggest the likelihood of negative effects. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2005.12.009","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Larson, D., Royer, R., and Royer, M., 2006, Insect visitation and pollen deposition in an invaded prairie plant community: Biological Conservation, v. 130, no. 1, p. 148-159, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.12.009.","startPage":"148","endPage":"159","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212110,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.12.009"}],"volume":"130","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c13e4b0c8380cd62a53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, D.L. 0000-0001-5202-0634","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5202-0634","contributorId":69501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":428365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royer, R.A.","contributorId":99500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royer","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Royer, M.R.","contributorId":81456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royer","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030712,"text":"70030712 - 2006 - Changes in stream chemistry and nutrient export following a partial harvest in the Catskill Mountains, New York, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70030712","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in stream chemistry and nutrient export following a partial harvest in the Catskill Mountains, New York, USA","docAbstract":"Clearcut forest harvesting typically results in large changes in stream water chemistry in northeastern North America. The effects of partial forest harvests on stream chemistry have not received as much attention, even though partial cutting is a more common forestry practice than clearcutting in this region. Changes in stream water chemistry following a partial cut are reported here from a 10 ha study catchment in a northern hardwood forest in the Catskill Mountains of southern New York, and are compared to those of a nearby 48 ha reference catchment. The lower two thirds of the treatment catchment was harvested in February-April 2002 by a shelterwood method, such that 33% of the basal area of the catchment was removed. Stream NO3-, NH4+, Ca2+, K+, and total dissolved aluminum (Alto) concentrations increased significantly after the harvest. Stream Ca2+, Mg2+ and NH4+ concentrations peaked 5 months after the initiation of the harvest, NO 3- and K+ concentrations peaked 6 months after cutting, and Alto concentrations peaked 1 year after cutting. Streamflow was not significantly affected by the harvest when compared to the flow of three nearby streams. Export of NO3- in stream water increased five-fold the year after the cut, and briefly exceeded atmospheric inputs of inorganic nitrogen during 4 months in the fall of 2002. Changes in stream NO3- and K+ concentrations were less than predicted by the relative basal area removed compared with those of a recent nearby clearcut. In contrast, changes in Ca2+, Mg 2+ and Alto concentrations were approximately proportional to basal area removal in these two cuts. Stream chemistry returned to values close to those of the pre-cut period and to reference values by early spring of 2003, just over a year after the initiation of the harvest, except for NO 3- concentrations, which remained elevated above background 18-20 months after completion of the cut.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.060","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Wang, X., Burns, D.A., Yanai, R., Briggs, R., and Germain, R., 2006, Changes in stream chemistry and nutrient export following a partial harvest in the Catskill Mountains, New York, USA: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 223, no. 1-3, p. 103-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.060.","startPage":"103","endPage":"112","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212056,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.060"},{"id":239466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"223","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f42be4b0c8380cd4bba3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, X.","contributorId":22076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":29450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yanai, R.D.","contributorId":14196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yanai","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Briggs, R.D.","contributorId":79704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Germain, R.H.","contributorId":41652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germain","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030735,"text":"70030735 - 2006 - A discovery of extremely-enriched boehmite from coal in the Junger Coalfield, the northeastern Ordos Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:18","indexId":"70030735","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":634,"text":"Acta Geologica Sinica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A discovery of extremely-enriched boehmite from coal in the Junger Coalfield, the northeastern Ordos Basin","docAbstract":"The authors found an extremely-enriched boehmite and its associated minerals for the first time in the super-thick No. 6 coal seam from the Junger Coalfield in the northeastern Ordos Basin by using technologies including the X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, and optical microscope. The content of boehmite is as high as 13.1%, and the associated minerals are goyazite, zircon, rutile, goethite, galena, clausthalite, and selenio-galena. The heavy minerals assemblage is similar to that in the bauxite of the Benxi Formation from North China. The high boehmite in coal is mainly from weathering crust bauxite of the Benxi Formation from the northeastern coal-accumulation basin. The gibbsite colloidstone solution was removed from bauxite to the peat mire, and boehmite was formed via compaction and dehydration of gibbsite colloidstone solution in the period of peat accumulation and early period of diagenesis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta Geologica Sinica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"Chinese","issn":"00015717","usgsCitation":"Dai, S., Ren, D., Li, S., and Chou, C., 2006, A discovery of extremely-enriched boehmite from coal in the Junger Coalfield, the northeastern Ordos Basin: Acta Geologica Sinica, v. 80, no. 2, p. 294-300.","startPage":"294","endPage":"300","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3c1e4b0c8380cd461e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dai, S.","contributorId":9757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dai","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ren, D.","contributorId":79212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ren","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Li, S.","contributorId":41969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chou, C.","contributorId":66056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}