[1] A seasonal analysis assesing variations in the oxygen isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) was conducted in the San Francisco Bay estuarine system, California. Isotopic fractionation of oxygen in DIP (exchange of oxygen between phosphate and environmental water) at surface water temperatures occurs only as a result of enzyme‐mediated, biological reactions. Accordingly, if phospate demand is low relative to input and phosphate is not heavily cycled in the ecosystem, the oxygen isotopic composition of DIP (δ18Op) will reflect the isotopic composition of the source of phosphate to the system. Such is the case for the North San Francisco Bay, an anthropogenically impacted estuary with high surface water phosphate concentrations. Variability in the δ18Op in the bay is primarily controlled by mixing of water masses with different δ18Op signatures. The δ18Op values range from 11.4‰ at the Sacramento River to 20.1‰ at the Golden Gate. Deviations from the two‐component mixing model for the North Bay reflect additional, local sources of phosphate to the estuary that vary seasonally. Most notably, deviations from the mixing model occur at the confluence of a major river into the bay during periods of high river discharge and near wastewater treatment outlets. These data suggest that δ18Op can be an effective tool for identifying P point sources and understanding phosphate dynamics in estuarine systems.
Lake Winnipeg supports the largest commercial fishery on Canadian Prairies. It has been influenced by a variety of environmental forces and anthropogenic activities. To gain a better understanding of recent changes in nutrient status of the lake, it is important to reconstruct its previous history from sedimentary records. Lacustrine sediments are known to be an important sink of many dissolved and suspended substances, including phosphorus, hence, they provide a permanent historical record of changes occurring in the lake. These changes may be induced by natural factors or by anthropogenic activities in the watershed. Phosphorus profiles from dated sediment cores collected in 1999 and 1994 from the South Basin of Lake Winnipeg were investigated to determine phosphorus enrichment in recent sediments. To interpret the nutrient status and depositional conditions responsible for the trends in total phosphorus, three operationally defined forms of phosphorus (P) were determined: non-apatite inorganic P, apatite P, and organic P. Significant increases in sediment phosphorus concentrations were observed in the uppermost 20 cm of the cores and several anomalies were observed at depth. A doubling in total phosphorus relative to aluminum over the last fifty years is largely due to increases in the non-apatite inorganic fraction, suggesting that much of sedimentary phosphorus increase is attributable to changes in the nutrient status of the water column related to anthropogenic inputs. Organic phosphorus exhibits a subtle increase in the upper 20 cm of the gravity cores, likely due to increases in the primary productivity of the lake. Except for the slight increase in deeper sediments, apatite phosphorus, which is thought to be of detrital origin, remained fairly constant over the length of the cores. Anomalous spikes in phosphorus concentrations deeper in the cores, comprised mainly of the non-apatite inorganic phosphorus fraction, likely resulted from natural variation in local oxidizing conditions, possibly induced by changes in water circulation and/or changes in sediment deposition rates due to climatic variation. The results of this investigation contribute to increased understanding of the depositional history of phosphorus in the lake over the last millennium.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/14634980600876039","issn":"14634988","usgsCitation":"Mayer, T., Simpson, S.L., Thorleifson, L.H., Lockhart, W., and Wilkinson, P.M., 2006, Phosphorus geochemistry of recent sediments in the South Basin of Lake Winnipeg: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, v. 9, no. 3, p. 307-318, https://doi.org/10.1080/14634980600876039.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"318","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236968,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"Lake Winnipeg","volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a78bae4b0c8380cd7877d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mayer, T.","contributorId":29353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simpson, S. L.","contributorId":46508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thorleifson, L. Harvey","contributorId":103430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorleifson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Harvey","affiliations":[{"id":38105,"text":"Minnesota Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":418202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lockhart, W.L.","contributorId":73800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockhart","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilkinson, Philip M.","contributorId":86001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkinson","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028443,"text":"70028443 - 2006 - Geographical patterns of human diet derived from stable-isotope analysis of fingernails","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70028443","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":729,"text":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographical patterns of human diet derived from stable-isotope analysis of fingernails","docAbstract":"Carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of human fingernails were measured in 490 individuals in the western US and 273 individuals in southeastern Brazil living in urban areas, and 53 individuals living in a moderately isolated area in the central Amazon region of Brazil and consuming mostly locally grown foods. In addition, we measured the carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of common food items to assess the extent to which these isotopic signatures remain distinct for people eating both omnivorous and vegetarian diets and living in different parts of the world, and the extent to which dietary information can be interpreted from these analyses. Fingernail ??13C values (mean ?? standard deviation) were -15.4 ?? 1.0 and -18.8 ?? 0.8??? and ??15N values were 10.4 ?? 0.7 and 9.4 ?? 0.6??? for southeastern Brazil and western US populations, respectively. Despite opportunities for a \"global supermarket\" effect to swamp out carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in these two urbanized regions of the world, differences in the fingernail isotope ratios between southeastern Brazil and western US populations persisted, and appeared to be more associated with regional agricultural and animal production practices. Omnivores and vegetarians from Brazil and the US were isotopically distinct, both within and between regions. In a comparison of fingernails of individuals from an urban city and isolated communities in the Amazonian region, the urban region was similar to southeastern Brazil, whereas individuals from isolated nonurban communities showed distinctive isotopic values consistent with their diets and with the isotopic values of local foods. Although there is a tendency for a \"global supermarket\" diet, carbon and nitrogen isotopes of human fingernails hold dietary information directly related to both food sources and dietary practices in a region. ?? 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.20409","issn":"00029483","usgsCitation":"Nardoto, G., Silva, S., Kendall, C., Ehleringer, J., Chesson, L., Ferraz, E., Moreira, M., Ometto, J.P., and Martinelli, L., 2006, Geographical patterns of human diet derived from stable-isotope analysis of fingernails: American Journal of Physical Anthropology, v. 131, no. 1, p. 137-146, https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20409.","startPage":"137","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210352,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20409"},{"id":237247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"131","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1792e4b0c8380cd55554","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nardoto, G.B.","contributorId":81689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nardoto","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Silva, S.","contributorId":68518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ehleringer, J.R.","contributorId":47965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehleringer","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chesson, L.A.","contributorId":19764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesson","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ferraz, E.S.B.","contributorId":43157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferraz","given":"E.S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moreira, M.Z.","contributorId":106303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moreira","given":"M.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ometto, Jean P. H. B.","contributorId":50715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ometto","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"P. H. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Martinelli, L.A.","contributorId":76257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinelli","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70028595,"text":"70028595 - 2006 - Predation on walleye eggs by fish on reefs in western Lake Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T09:11:07","indexId":"70028595","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predation on walleye eggs by fish on reefs in western Lake Erie","docAbstract":"We examined diets of fishes from gillnet and egg pump collections conducted on reefs in western Lake Erie during walleye (Sander vitreus) egg incubation periods from 1994–1999 and 2004 to assess incidence of walleye eggs in fish diets. We collected no potential egg predators in samples taken in 1994 but from 1995–1999 and in 2004 we caught 22 different species of fish on reefs in addition to spawning walleye. In most years, white perch (Morone americana) stomachs contained more walleye eggs than any other species on the reefs averaging 253 eggs per stomach. We also found lower numbers of walleye eggs in the stomachs of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus; 53 eggs/stomach), johnny darter (Etheostoma nigrum; 2 eggs/stomach), logperch (Percina caprodes; 10 eggs/stomach), quillback (Carpiodes cyprinus; 184 eggs/stomach), rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris; 3 eggs/stomach), round goby (Neogobius melanostomus; 4 eggs/stomach), sculpin (Cottidae; 21 eggs/stomach), silver chub (Macrhybopsis storeriana; 3 eggs/stomach), spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius; 14 eggs/stomach), trout-perch (Percopsis omiscomaycus; 30 eggs/stomach), white sucker (Catastomus commersonii; 20 eggs/stomach), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens; 181 eggs/stomach). Similar to other studies of predation on walleye eggs, our results indicate that prolonged incubation periods increase the potential for egg loss due to predation.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","doi":"10.3394/0380-1330(2006)32[415:POWEBF]2.0.CO;2","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Roseman, E., Taylor, W., Hayes, D., Jones, A., and Francis, J., 2006, Predation on walleye eggs by fish on reefs in western Lake Erie: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 32, no. 3, p. 415-423, https://doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2006)32[415:POWEBF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"415","endPage":"423","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236395,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8166e4b0c8380cd7b4f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roseman, E.F. 0000-0002-5315-9838","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5315-9838","contributorId":76531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseman","given":"E.F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":418763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, W.W.","contributorId":61002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayes, D.B.","contributorId":21743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, A.L.","contributorId":63049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Francis, J.T.","contributorId":40401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francis","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028444,"text":"70028444 - 2006 - 2480 Ma mafic magmatism in the northern Black Hills, South Dakota: A new link connecting the Wyoming and Superior cratons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70028444","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"2480 Ma mafic magmatism in the northern Black Hills, South Dakota: A new link connecting the Wyoming and Superior cratons","docAbstract":"The Laramide Black Hills uplift of southwest South Dakota exposes a Precambrian crystalline core of ???2560-2600 Ma basement granitoids nonconformably overlain by two Paleoproterozoic intracratonic rift successions. In the northern Black Hills, a 1 km thick, layered sill (the Blue Draw metagabbro) that intrudes the older rift succession provides a key constraint on the timing of mafic magmatism and of older rift-basin sedimentation. Ion microprobe spot analyses of megacrysts of magmatic titanite from a horizon of dioritic pegmatite in the uppermost sill portion yield a 207Pb/206Pb upper-intercept age of 2480 ?? 6 Ma (all age errors ??2??), comparable to two-point 207Pb/206Pb errorchron ages obtained by Pb stepwise leaching of the same titanites. Nearly concordant domains in coexisting magmatic zircon yield apparent spot ages ranging from 2458 ?? 16 to 2284 ?? 20 Ma (i.e., differentially reset along U-Pb concordia), and hornblende from an associated metadiorite yields a partially reset date with oldest apparent-age increments ranging between 2076 ?? 16 and 2010 ?? 8 Ma. We interpret these data as indicating that an episode of gabbroic magmatism occurred at 2480 Ma, in response to earlier rifting of the eastern edge of the Wyoming craton. Layered mafic intrusions of similar thickness and identical age occur along a rifted belt in the southern Superior craton (Sudbury region, Ontario). Moreover, these mafic intrusions are spatially aligned using previous supercontinent restorations of the Wyoming and Superior cratons (Kenorland-Superia configurations). This new \"piercing point\" augments one previously inferred by spatial-temporal correlation of the Paleoproterozoic Huronian (southern Ontario) and Snowy Pass (southeastern Wyoming) supergroups. We propose that layered mafic intrusions extending from Nemo, South Dakota, to Sudbury, Ontario, delineate an axial rift zone along which Wyoming began to separate from Superior during initial fragmentation of the Neoarchean supercontinent at ???2480 Ma. ?? 2006 NRC Canada.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/E06-066","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Dahl, P., Hamilton, M., Wooden, J.L., Foland, K., Frei, R., McCombs, J., and Holm, D., 2006, 2480 Ma mafic magmatism in the northern Black Hills, South Dakota: A new link connecting the Wyoming and Superior cratons: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 43, no. 10, p. 1579-1600, https://doi.org/10.1139/E06-066.","startPage":"1579","endPage":"1600","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210353,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/E06-066"},{"id":237248,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e255e4b0c8380cd45ace","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dahl, P.S.","contributorId":81688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahl","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamilton, M.A.","contributorId":88551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foland, K.A.","contributorId":13357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foland","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frei, R.","contributorId":88537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frei","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McCombs, J.A.","contributorId":41204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCombs","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Holm, D.K.","contributorId":68955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70028446,"text":"70028446 - 2006 - Filling in the gaps: Modelling native species richness and invasions using spatially incomplete data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:54","indexId":"70028446","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Filling in the gaps: Modelling native species richness and invasions using spatially incomplete data","docAbstract":"Detailed knowledge of patterns of native species richness, an important component of biodiversity, and non-native species invasions is often lacking even though this knowledge is essential to conservation efforts. However, we cannot afford to wait for complete information on the distribution and abundance of native and harmful invasive species. Using information from counties well surveyed for plants across the USA, we developed models to fill data gaps in poorly surveyed areas by estimating the density (number of species km -2) of native and non-native plant species. Here, we show that native plant species density is non-random, predictable, and is the best predictor of non-native plant species density. We found that eastern agricultural sites and coastal areas are among the most invaded in terms of non-native plant species densities, and that the central USA appears to have the greatest ratio of non-native to native species. These large-scale models could also be applied to smaller spatial scales or other taxa to set priorities for conservation and invasion mitigation, prevention, and control efforts. ?? 2006 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diversity and Distributions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00278.x","issn":"13669516","usgsCitation":"Jarnevich, C., Stohlgren, T., Barnett, D., and Kartesz, J., 2006, Filling in the gaps: Modelling native species richness and invasions using spatially incomplete data: Diversity and Distributions, v. 12, no. 5, p. 511-520, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00278.x.","startPage":"511","endPage":"520","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477574,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00278.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210382,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00278.x"}],"volume":"12","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1006e4b0c8380cd53ad7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarnevich, C. S.","contributorId":54932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"C. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnett, D.","contributorId":64204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kartesz, J.","contributorId":61005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kartesz","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028604,"text":"70028604 - 2006 - Effects of livestock watering sites on alien and native plants in the Mojave Desert, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70028604","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of livestock watering sites on alien and native plants in the Mojave Desert, USA","docAbstract":"Increased livestock densities near artificial watering sites create disturbance gradients called piospheres. We studied responses of alien and native annual plants and native perennial plants within 9 piospheres in the Mojave Desert of North America. Absolute and proportional cover of alien annual plants increased with proximity to watering sites, whereas cover and species richness of native annual plants decreased. Not all alien species responded the same, as the alien forb Erodium cicutarium and the alien grass Schismus spp. increased with proximity to watering sites, and the alien annual grass Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens decreased. Perennial plant cover and species richness also declined with proximity to watering sites, as did the structural diversity of perennial plant cover classes. Significant effects were focused within 200 m of the watering sites, suggesting that control efforts for alien annual plants and restoration efforts for native plants should optimally be focused within this central part of the piosphere gradient.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.022","issn":"01401963","usgsCitation":"Brooks, M., Matchett, J., and Berry, K., 2006, Effects of livestock watering sites on alien and native plants in the Mojave Desert, USA: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 67, no. SUPPL., p. 125-147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.022.","startPage":"125","endPage":"147","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209813,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.022"},{"id":236536,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"SUPPL.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0748e4b0c8380cd5161c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, M.L.","contributorId":70322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matchett, J.R.","contributorId":11535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matchett","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berry, K.H.","contributorId":17934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028606,"text":"70028606 - 2006 - Impact of quaternary climate on seepage at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70028606","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Impact of quaternary climate on seepage at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Uranium-series ages, oxygen-isotopic compositions, and uranium contents were determined in outer growth layers of opal and calcitefrom 0.5- to 3-centimeter-thick mineral coatings hosted by lithophysal cavities in the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, the proposed site of a permanent repository for high-level radioactive waste. Micrometer-scale growth layering in the minerals was imaged using a cathodoluminescence detector on a scanning electron microscope. Determinations of the chemistry, ages, and delta oxygen-18 (??18O) values of the growth layers were conducted by electron microprobe analysis and secondary ion mass spectrometry techniques at spatial resolutions of 2 to about 20 micrometers (??m) and 25 to 40 ??m, respectively. Growth rates for the last 300 thousand years (k.y.) calculated from about 300 new high-resolution uranium-series ages range from approximately 0.5 to 1.5 ??m/k.y. for 1- to 3-centimeter-thick coatings, whereas coatings less than about 1-centimeter-thick have growth rates less than 0.5 ??m/k.y. At the depth of the proposed repository, correlations of uranium concentration and ??18O values with regional climate records indicate that unsaturated zone percolation and seepage water chemistries have responded to changes in climate during the last several hundred thousand years.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, IHLRWM","conferenceTitle":"11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference","conferenceDate":"30 April 2006 through 4 May 2006","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","isbn":"0894486918; 9780894486913","usgsCitation":"Whelan, J.F., Paces, J., Neymark, L., Schmitt, A., and Grove, M., 2006, Impact of quaternary climate on seepage at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, in Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, IHLRWM, v. 2006, Las Vegas, NV, 30 April 2006 through 4 May 2006, p. 199-206.","startPage":"199","endPage":"206","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2006","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38c5e4b0c8380cd616b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whelan, J. F.","contributorId":45328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paces, J.B. 0000-0002-9809-8493","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":27482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neymark, L.A. 0000-0003-4190-0278","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-0278","contributorId":56673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmitt, A.K.","contributorId":75320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grove, M.","contributorId":65271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028090,"text":"70028090 - 2006 - Set standard deviation, repeatability and offset of absolute gravimeter A10-008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028090","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2718,"text":"Metrologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Set standard deviation, repeatability and offset of absolute gravimeter A10-008","docAbstract":"The set standard deviation, repeatability and offset of absolute gravimeter A10-008 were assessed at the Walferdange Underground Laboratory for Geodynamics (WULG) in Luxembourg. Analysis of the data indicates that the instrument performed within the specifications of the manufacturer. For A10-008, the average set standard deviation was (1.6 0.6) ??Gal (1Gal ??? 1 cm s -2), the average repeatability was (2.9 1.5) ??Gal, and the average offset compared to absolute gravimeter FG5-216 was (3.2 3.5) ??Gal. ?? 2006 BIPM and IOP Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Metrologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1088/0026-1394/43/5/012","issn":"00261394","usgsCitation":"Schmerge, D., and Francis, O., 2006, Set standard deviation, repeatability and offset of absolute gravimeter A10-008: Metrologia, v. 43, no. 5, p. 414-418, https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/43/5/012.","startPage":"414","endPage":"418","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487557,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/1339","text":"External Repository"},{"id":210173,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/43/5/012"},{"id":237015,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d6de4b08c986b3183cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmerge, D.","contributorId":37139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmerge","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Francis, O.","contributorId":60007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francis","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028035,"text":"70028035 - 2006 - Influence of riffle and snag habitat specific sampling on stream macroinvertebrate assemblage measures in bioassessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70028035","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of riffle and snag habitat specific sampling on stream macroinvertebrate assemblage measures in bioassessment","docAbstract":"Stream macroinvertebrate communities vary naturally among types of habitats where they are sampled, which affects the results of environmental assessment. We analyzed macroinvertebrates collected from riffle and snag habitats to evaluate influences of habitat-specific sampling on taxon occurrence, assemblage measures, and biotic indices. We found considerably more macroinvertebrate taxa unique to snags (143 taxa) than to riffles (75 taxa), and the numbers of taxa found in both riffles and snags (149 taxa) were similar to that found in snags. About 64% of the 47 macroinvertebrate measures we tested differed significantly between riffles and snags. Eighty percent intercepts of regressions between biotic indices and urban or agricultural land uses differed significantly between riffles and snags. The Hilsenhoff biotic index calculated from snag samples explained 69% of the variance of riffle samples and classified 66% of the sites into the same stream health group as the riffle samples. However, four multimetric indices for snag samples explained less than 50% of the variance of riffle samples and classified less than 50% of the sites into the same health group as the riffle samples. We concluded that macroinvertebrate indices developed for riffle/run habitat should not be used for snag samples to assess stream impairment. We recommend developing an index of biotic integrity specifically for snags and using snags as an alternate sampling substrate for streams that naturally lack riffles. ?? Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10661-005-9025-4","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Wang, L., Weigel, B., Kanehl, P., and Lohman, K., 2006, Influence of riffle and snag habitat specific sampling on stream macroinvertebrate assemblage measures in bioassessment: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 119, no. 1-3, p. 245-273, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-9025-4.","startPage":"245","endPage":"273","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210360,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-9025-4"},{"id":237256,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b72e4b0c8380cd6252d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, L.","contributorId":76904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weigel, B.W.","contributorId":20530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weigel","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kanehl, P.","contributorId":40407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanehl","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lohman, K.","contributorId":26257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohman","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028087,"text":"70028087 - 2006 - Landscape conditions predisposing grizzly bears to conflicts on private agricultural lands in the western USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028087","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape conditions predisposing grizzly bears to conflicts on private agricultural lands in the western USA","docAbstract":"We used multiple logistic regression to model how different landscape conditions contributed to the probability of human-grizzly bear conflicts on private agricultural ranch lands. We used locations of livestock pastures, traditional livestock carcass disposal areas (boneyards), beehives, and wetland-riparian associated vegetation to model the locations of 178 reported human-grizzly bear conflicts along the Rocky Mountain East Front, Montana, USA during 1986-2001. We surveyed 61 livestock producers in the upper Teton watershed of north-central Montana, to collect spatial and temporal data on livestock pastures, boneyards, and beehives for the same period, accounting for changes in livestock and boneyard management and beehive location and protection, for each season. We used 2032 random points to represent the null hypothesis of random location relative to potential explanatory landscape features, and used Akaike's Information Criteria (AIC/AICC) and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistics for model selection. We used a resulting \"best\" model to map contours of predicted probabilities of conflict, and used this map for verification with an independent dataset of conflicts to provide additional insights regarding the nature of conflicts. The presence of riparian vegetation and distances to spring, summer, and fall sheep or cattle pastures, calving and sheep lambing areas, unmanaged boneyards, and fenced and unfenced beehives were all associated with the likelihood of human-grizzly bear conflicts. Our model suggests that collections of attractants concentrated in high quality bear habitat largely explain broad patterns of human-grizzly bear conflicts on private agricultural land in our study area. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2005.12.001","issn":"00063207","usgsCitation":"Wilson, S., Madel, M., Mattson, D., Graham, J., and Merrill, T., 2006, Landscape conditions predisposing grizzly bears to conflicts on private agricultural lands in the western USA: Biological Conservation, v. 130, no. 1, p. 47-59, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.12.001.","startPage":"47","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210147,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.12.001"},{"id":236979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"130","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4404e4b0c8380cd667a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, S.M.","contributorId":52731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madel, M.J.","contributorId":33111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madel","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mattson, D.J.","contributorId":57022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattson","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graham, J.M.","contributorId":57651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Merrill, T.","contributorId":89301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":79399,"text":"sir20055293 - 2006 - Recovery of the black-footed ferret: Progress and continuing challenges- Proceedings of the Symposium on the Status of the Black-footed Ferret and Its Habitat, Fort Collins, Colorado, January 28-29, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-14T12:50:29","indexId":"sir20055293","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5293","title":"Recovery of the black-footed ferret: Progress and continuing challenges- Proceedings of the Symposium on the Status of the Black-footed Ferret and Its Habitat, Fort Collins, Colorado, January 28-29, 2004","docAbstract":"The black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) is a member of the weasel family (Mustelidae) and is closely related to the Siberian polecat (M. eversmannii) of Asian steppes and the European polecat (M. putorius). Compared to its relatives, the black-footed ferret is an extreme specialist, depending on the prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) of North American grasslands for food and using prairie dog burrows for shelter. The black-footed ferret’s close association with prairie dogs was an important factor in its decline. Prairie dogs were regarded as an agricultural pest as human settlement progressed westward, and they became important hosts for plague as that disease colonized eastward from its sources of introduction on the west coast. Prairie dog numbers were dramatically reduced by poisoning, cropland conversions, and plague during the first half of the 20th century, and black-footed ferret populations declined precipitously. The black-footed ferret was included on the first lists of endangered species, and its status was precarious by the time the Endangered Species Act of 1973 was passed. Its rebound from a low point of 10 known individuals in spring of 1985 (Biggins and others, 2006) is impressive, but the species is not yet “recovered” in either the biological or legal sense (for further details, see Lockhart and others, this volume).
","conferenceTitle":"Symposium on the Status of the Black-footed Ferret and Its Habitat","conferenceDate":"January 28-29, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055293","usgsCitation":"2006, Recovery of the black-footed ferret: Progress and continuing challenges- Proceedings of the Symposium on the Status of the Black-footed Ferret and Its Habitat, Fort Collins, Colorado, January 28-29, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5293, viii, 288 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055293.","productDescription":"viii, 288 p.","numberOfPages":"300","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-01-28","temporalEnd":"2004-01-29","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120903,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2005_5293.jpg"},{"id":13854,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5293/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"tableOfContents":"Acknowledgments.....v
\nDedication.....vii
\nSection I. Background.....1
\nThe Symposium in Context (Dean E. Biggins) .....3
\nA Historical Perspective on Recovery of the Black-footed Ferret and the Biological and Political Challenges Affecting Its Future (J. Michael Lockhart, E. Tom Thorne, and Donald R. Gober).....6
\nSection II. Managing Captive Populations.....21
\nAn Adaptive Management Approach for Black-footed Ferrets in Captivity (Paul E. Marinari and Julie S. Kreeger) .....23
\nUse of Reproductive Technology for Black-footed Ferret Recovery (JoGayle Howard, Rachel M. Santymire, Paul E. Marinari, Julie S. Kreeger, Linwood Williamson, and David E. Wildt) .....28
\nThe Genetic Legacy of the Black-footed Ferret: Past, Present, and Future (Samantha M. Wisely).....37
\nSection III. Searching for Wild Black-footed Ferrets......45
\nA History of Searches for Black-footed Ferrets (Louis R. Hanebury and Dean E. Biggins).....47
\nSection IV. Locating and Evaluating Habitat.....67
\nAreas Where Habitat Characteristics Could Be Evaluated To Identify Potential Black-footed Ferret Reintroduction Sites and Develop Conservation Partnerships (Robert J. Luce).....69 A Habitat-based Technique To Allocate Black-footed Ferret Recovery Among Jurisdictional Entities (Andrea E. Ernst, Aaron L. Clark, and Donald R. Gober) .....89
\nHabitat Restoration and Management (Joe C. Truett, Kristy Bly-Honness, Dustin H. Long, and Michael K. Phillips).....97
\nBlack-tailed Prairie Dog Interactions with Other Herbivores: Mediation via Alterations of Vegetation (James K. Detling).....111
\nShooting Prairie Dogs (Archie F. Reeve and Timothy C. Vosburgh).....119
\nHabitat Preferences and Intraspecific Competition in Black-footed Ferrets (Dean E. Biggins, Jerry L. Godbey, Marc R. Matchett, and Travis M. Livieri).....129
\nEvaluating Habitat for Black-footed Ferrets: Revision of an Existing Model (Dean E. Biggins, J. Michael Lockhart, and Jerry L. Godbey).....143
\nSection V. Reestablishing Populations .....153
\nMonitoring Black-footed Ferrets During Reestablishment of Free-ranging Populations: Discussion of Alternative Methods and Recommended Minimum Standards (Dean E. Biggins, Jerry L. Godbey, Marc R. Matchett, Louis R. Hanebury, Travis M. Livieri, and Paul E. Marinari).....155
\nRadio Telemetry for Black-footed Ferret Research and Monitoring (Dean E. Biggins, Jerry L. Godbey, Brian J. Miller, and Louis R. Hanebury).....175
\nPostrelease Movements and Survival of Adult and Young Black-footed Ferrets (Dean E. Biggins, Jerry L. Godbey, Travis M. Livieri, Marc R. Matchett, and Brent D. Bibles) .....191
\nDoes Predator Management Enhance Survival of Reintroduced Black-footed Ferrets? (Stewart W. Breck, Dean E. Biggins, Travis M. Livieri, Marc R. Matchett, and Valerie Kopcso).....203
\nSection VI. Managing Diseases .....211
\nRecent Trends in Plague Ecology (Kenneth L. Gage and Michael Y. Kosoy) .....213 iv
\nExposure of Captive Black-footed Ferrets to Plague and Implications for Species Recovery (Jerry L. Godbey, Dean E. Biggins, and Della Garelle).....233
\nUse of Pesticides To Mitigate the Effects of Plague (David B. Seery).....238
\nVaccination as a Potential Means To Prevent Plague in Black-footed Ferrets (Tonie E. Rocke, Pauline Nol, Paul E. Marinari, Julie S. Kreeger, Susan R. Smith, Gerard P. Andrews, and Arthur W. Friedlander) .....243
\nThe Quest for a Safe and Effective Canine Distemper Virus Vaccine for Black-footed Ferrets (Jeffrey Wimsatt, Dean E. Biggins, Elizabeth S. Williams, and Victor M. Becerra) .....248
\nSection VII. Extended Abstracts.....269
\nIdentifying Focal Areas for Conservation of Black-footed Ferrets and Prairie Dog Associates (Jonathan Proctor,Bill Haskins, and Steve Forrest).....271
\nWhite-tailed Prairie Dog Population Survey and Habitat Evaluation in Western Wyoming (John A. Baroch and David A. Plume) .....275
\nCan the Systemic Insecticide Nitenpyram Be Used for Flea Control on Black-tailed Prairie Dogs? (Jeff N. Borchert and Jeff J. Mach).....278
\nFleas and Small Mammal Hosts Within and Adjacent to the Coyote Basin White-tailed Prairie Dog Colony in Northeastern Utah (Lianna K. Etchberger, William E. Stroh, Brent D. Bibles, Matthew R. Dzialak, and Richard C. Etchberger) .....281
\nEffects of Moonlight on Cover Usage and Spatial Learning of Black-footed Ferrets (Samantha N. Marcum,Dean E. Biggins, and Jennifer A. Clarke) .....284
\nModeling Black-footed Ferret Energetics: Are Southern Release Sites Better? (Lauren A. Harrington, Dean E. Biggins, and A. William Alldredge) .....286
","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635438","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630688,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Brian J.","contributorId":73682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Brian J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630689,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godbey, Jerry L. godbeyj@usgs.gov","contributorId":5121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godbey","given":"Jerry","email":"godbeyj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":630690,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630691,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028036,"text":"70028036 - 2006 - Denali fault slip rates and Holocene-late Pleistocene kinematics of central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T12:54:41","indexId":"70028036","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Denali fault slip rates and Holocene-late Pleistocene kinematics of central Alaska","docAbstract":"The Denali fault is the principal intracontinental strike-slip fault accommodating deformation of interior Alaska associated with the Yakutat plate convergence. We obtained the first quantitative late Pleistocene-Holocene slip rates on the Denali fault system from dating offset geomorphic features. Analysis of cosmogenic 10Be concentrations in boulders (n = 27) and sediment (n = 13) collected at seven sites, offset 25-170 m by the Denali and Totschunda faults, gives average ages that range from 2.4 ± 0.3 ka to 17.0 ± 1.8 ka. These offsets and ages yield late Pleistocene-Holocene average slip rates of 9.4 ± 1.6, 12.1 ± 1.7, and 8.4 ± 2.2 mm/yr-1 along the western, central, and eastern Denali fault, respectively, and 6.0 ± 1.2 mm/yr-1 along the Totschunda fault. Our results suggest a westward decrease in the mean Pleistocene-Holocene slip rate. This westward decrease likely results from partitioning of slip from the Denali fault system to thrust faults to the north and west. 2006 Geological Society of America.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G22361.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Matmon, A., Schwartz, D.P., Haeussler, P.J., Finkel, R., Lienkaemper, J.J., Stenner, H.D., and Dawson, T.E., 2006, Denali fault slip rates and Holocene-late Pleistocene kinematics of central Alaska: Geology, v. 34, no. 8, p. 645-648, https://doi.org/10.1130/G22361.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"645","endPage":"648","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237257,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210361,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G22361.1"}],"volume":"34","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe94e4b0c8380cd4edde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matmon, A.","contributorId":14983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matmon","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":52968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Finkel, R.","contributorId":103028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkel","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lienkaemper, J. J.","contributorId":71947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stenner, Heidi D.","contributorId":35868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stenner","given":"Heidi","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dawson, T. E.","contributorId":84537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70028037,"text":"70028037 - 2006 - Groundwater-surface water interaction in the riparian zone of an incised channel, Walnut Creek, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70028037","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater-surface water interaction in the riparian zone of an incised channel, Walnut Creek, Iowa","docAbstract":"Riparian zones of many incised channels in agricultural regions are cropped to the channel edge leaving them unvegetated for large portions of the year. In this study we evaluated surface and groundwater interaction in the riparian zone of an incised stream during a spring high flow period using detailed stream stage and hydraulic head data from six wells, and water quality sampling to determine whether the riparian zone can be a source of nitrate pollution to streams. Study results indicated that bank storage of stream water from Walnut Creek during a large storm water runoff event was limited to a narrow 1.6 m zone immediately adjacent to the channel. Nitrate concentrations in riparian groundwater were highest near the incised stream where the unsaturated zone was thickest. Nitrate and dissolved oxygen concentrations and nitrate-chloride ratios increased during a spring recharge period then decreased in the latter portion of the study. We used MODFLOW and MT3DMS to evaluate dilution and denitrification processes that would contribute to decreasing nitrate concentrations in riparian groundwater over time. MT3DMS model simulations were improved with a denitrification rate of 0.02 1/d assigned to the floodplain sediments implying that denitrification plays an important role in reducing nitrate concentrations in groundwater. We conclude that riparian zones of incised channels can potentially be a source of nitrate to streams during spring recharge periods when the near-stream riparian zone is largely unvegetated. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.014","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Schilling, K.E., Li, Z., and Zhang, Y., 2006, Groundwater-surface water interaction in the riparian zone of an incised channel, Walnut Creek, Iowa: Journal of Hydrology, v. 327, no. 1-2, p. 140-150, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.014.","startPage":"140","endPage":"150","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210389,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.014"}],"volume":"327","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dd1e4b0c8380cd5c057","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, K. E.","contributorId":61982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Z.","contributorId":29160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, Y.-K.","contributorId":44309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Y.-K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79168,"text":"sir20065151 - 2006 - Water quality of the Crescent River basin, Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Alaska, 2003-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-07T18:17:03","indexId":"sir20065151","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5151","title":"Water quality of the Crescent River basin, Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Alaska, 2003-2004","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service conducted a water-quality investigation of the Crescent River Basin in Lake Clark National Park and Preserve from May 2003 through September 2004. The Crescent River Basin was studied because it has a productive sockeye salmon run that is important to the Cook Inlet commercial fishing industry. Water-quality, biology, and limnology characteristics were assessed. Glacier-fed streams that flow into Crescent Lake transport suspended sediment that is trapped by the lake. Suspended sediment concentrations from the Lake Fork Crescent River (the outlet stream of Crescent Lake) were less than 10 milligrams per liter, indicating a high trapping efficiency of Crescent Lake. The North Fork Crescent River transports suspended sediment throughout its course and provides most of the suspended sediment to the main stem of the Crescent River downstream from the confluence of the Lake Fork Crescent River. Three locations on Crescent Lake were profiled during the summer of 2004. Turbidity profiles indicate sediment plumes within the water column at various times during the summer. Turbidity values are higher in June, reflecting the glacier-fed runoff into the lake. Lower values of turbidity in August and September indicate a decrease of suspended sediment entering Crescent Lake. The water type throughout the Crescent River Basin is calcium bicarbonate. Concentrations of nutrients, major ions, and dissolved organic carbon are low. Alkalinity concentrations are generally less than 20 milligrams per liter, indicating a low buffering capacity of these waters. Streambed sediments collected from three surface sites analyzed for trace elements indicated that copper concentrations at all sites were above proposed guidelines. However, copper concentrations are due to the local geology, not anthropogenic factors. Zooplankton samples from Crescent Lake indicated the main taxa are Cyclops sp., a Copepod, and within that taxa were a relatively small number of ovigerous (egg-bearing) individuals. Cyclops sp. are one of the primary food sources for rearing sockeye salmon juveniles and were most prevalent in the July sampling. Qualitative-Multi-Habitat algae samples were collected from two surface-water sites. A total of 59 taxa were found and were comprised of 4 phyla: Rhodophyta (red algae), Cyanophyta (blue-green algae), Chlorophyta (green algae), and Chrysophyta (diatoms). Twenty-two algal taxa were collected from the upper site, North Fork Crescent River, whereas twice as many taxa were collected from the downstream site, Crescent River near the mouth.
","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/sir20065151","usgsCitation":"Brabets, T.P., and Ourso, R.T., 2006, Water quality of the Crescent River basin, Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Alaska, 2003-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5151, v, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065151.","productDescription":"v, 40 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"0","numberOfPages":"45","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8623,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5151/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.15167236328125,\n 59.80616004020659\n ],\n [\n -155.15167236328125,\n 60.50187784207829\n ],\n [\n -153.402099609375,\n 60.50187784207829\n ],\n [\n -153.402099609375,\n 59.80616004020659\n ],\n [\n -155.15167236328125,\n 59.80616004020659\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606486","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabets, Timothy P. tbrabets@usgs.gov","contributorId":2087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"Timothy","email":"tbrabets@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ourso, Robert T. 0000-0002-5952-8681 rtourso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5952-8681","contributorId":203207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ourso","given":"Robert","email":"rtourso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028088,"text":"70028088 - 2006 - The contribution of leaching to the rapid release of nutrients and carbon in the early decay of wetland vegetation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028088","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The contribution of leaching to the rapid release of nutrients and carbon in the early decay of wetland vegetation","docAbstract":"Our goal was to quantify the coupled process of litter turnover and leaching as a source of nutrients and fixed carbon in oligotrophic, nutrient-limited wetlands. We conducted poisoned and non-poisoned incubations of leaf material from four different perennial wetland plants (Eleocharis spp., Cladium jamaicense, Rhizophora mangle and Spartina alterniflora) collected from different oligotrophic freshwater and estuarine wetland settings. Total phosphorus (TP) release from the P-limited Everglades plant species (Eleocharis spp., C. jamaicense and R. mangle) was much lower than TP release by the salt marsh plant S. alterniflora from N-limited North Inlet (SC). For most species and sampling times, total organic carbon (TOC) and TP leaching losses were much greater in poisoned than non-poisoned treatments, likely as a result of epiphytic microbial activity. Therefore, a substantial portion of the C and P leached from these wetland plant species was bio-available to microbial communities. Even the microbes associated with S. alterniflora from N-limited North Inlet showed indications of P-limitation early in the leaching process, as P was removed from the water column. Leaves of R. mangle released much more TOC per gram of litter than the other species, likely contributing to the greater waterborne [DOC] observed by others in the mangrove ecotone of Everglades National Park. Between the two freshwater Everglades plants, C. jamaicense leached nearly twice as much P than Eleocharis spp. In scaling this to the landscape level, our observed leaching losses combined with higher litter production of C. jamaicense compared to Eleocharis spp. resulted in a substantially greater P leaching from plant litter to the water column and epiphytic microbes. In conclusion, leaching of fresh plant litter can be an important autochthonous source of nutrients in freshwater and estuarine wetland ecosystems. ?? Springer 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10750-006-0124-1","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Davis, S.E., Childers, D., and Noe, G., 2006, The contribution of leaching to the rapid release of nutrients and carbon in the early decay of wetland vegetation: Hydrobiologia, v. 569, no. 1, p. 87-97, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0124-1.","startPage":"87","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210148,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0124-1"},{"id":236980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"569","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa5ee4b08c986b3227f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, S. E. III","contributorId":83720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"S.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Childers, D.L.","contributorId":44334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childers","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noe, G.B.","contributorId":66464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028130,"text":"70028130 - 2006 - Seasonal persistence and population characteristics of Escherichia coli and entercocci in deep backshore sand of two freshwater beaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-16T17:40:53.098484","indexId":"70028130","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2503,"text":"Journal of Water and Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal persistence and population characteristics of Escherichia coli and entercocci in deep backshore sand of two freshwater beaches","docAbstract":"We studied the shoreward and seasonal distribution of E. coli and enterococci in sand (at the water table) at two southern Lake Michigan beaches—Dunbar and West Beach (in Indiana). Deep, backshore sand (∼20 m inland) was regularly sampled for 15 months during 2002–2003. E. coli counts were not significantly different in samples taken at 5-m intervals from 0–40 m inland (P=0.25). Neither E. coli nor enterococci mean counts showed any correlation or differences between the two beaches studied. In laboratory experiments, E. coli readily grew in sand supplemented with lake plankton, suggesting that in situ E. coli growth may occur when temperature and natural organic sources are adequate. Of the 114 sand enterococci isolates tested, positive species identification was obtained for only 52 (46%), with E. faecium representing the most dominant species (92%). Genetic characterization by ribotyping revealed no distinct genotypic pattern (s) for E. coli, suggesting that the sand population was rather a mixture of numerous strains (genotypes). These findings indicate that E. coli and enterococci can occur and persist for extended periods in backshore sand at the groundwater table. Although this study was limited to two beaches of southern Lake Michigan, similar findings can be expected at other temperate freshwater beaches. The long-term persistence of these bacteria, perhaps independent of pollution events, complicates their use as indicator organisms. Further, backshore sand at the water table may act as a reservoir for these bacteria and potentially for human pathogens.
","language":"English","publisher":"IWA Publishing","doi":"10.2166/wh.2006.518","issn":"14778920","usgsCitation":"Byappanahalli, M., Whitman, R., Shively, D., Ting, W., Tseng, C., and Nevers, M., 2006, Seasonal persistence and population characteristics of Escherichia coli and entercocci in deep backshore sand of two freshwater beaches: Journal of Water and Health, v. 4, no. 3, p. 313-320, https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2006.518.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"320","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385665,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Indiana","otherGeospatial":"southern Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.0394287109375,\n 42.68647341541784\n ],\n [\n -87.528076171875,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n -87.4951171875,\n 41.56203190200195\n ],\n [\n -86.9293212890625,\n 41.50034959128928\n ],\n [\n -86.28662109375,\n 41.90636538970964\n ],\n [\n -86.0394287109375,\n 42.68647341541784\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88cfe4b08c986b316ba3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byappanahalli, M.N.","contributorId":11384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byappanahalli","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitman, R.L.","contributorId":69750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shively, D.A.","contributorId":78123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ting, W.T.E.","contributorId":107486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ting","given":"W.T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tseng, C.C.","contributorId":63599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tseng","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nevers, M.B.","contributorId":13787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevers","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028230,"text":"70028230 - 2006 - Simulating the influences of various fire regimes on caribou winter habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-04T10:32:03","indexId":"70028230","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating the influences of various fire regimes on caribou winter habitat","docAbstract":"Caribou are an integral component of high‐latitude ecosystems and represent a major subsistence food source for many northern people. The availability and quality of winter habitat is critical to sustain these caribou populations. Caribou commonly use older spruce woodlands with adequate terrestrial lichen, a preferred winter forage, in the understory. Changes in climate and fire regime pose a significant threat to the long‐term sustainability of this important winter habitat. Computer simulations performed with a spatially explicit vegetation succession model (ALFRESCO) indicate that changes in the frequency and extent of fire in interior Alaska may substantially impact the abundance and quality of winter habitat for caribou. We modeled four different fire scenarios and tracked the frequency, extent, and spatial distribution of the simulated fires and associated changes to vegetation composition and distribution. Our results suggest that shorter fire frequencies (i.e., less time between recurring fires) on the winter range of the Nelchina caribou herd in eastern interior Alaska will result in large decreases of available winter habitat, relative to that currently available, in both the short and long term. A 30% shortening of the fire frequency resulted in a 3.5‐fold increase in the area burned annually and an associated 41% decrease in the amount of spruce–lichen forest found on the landscape. More importantly, simulations with more frequent fires produced a relatively immature forest age structure, compared to that which currently exists, with few stands older than 100 years. This age structure is at the lower limits of stand age classes preferred by caribou from the Nelchina herd. Projected changes in fire regime due to climate warming and/or additional prescribed burning could substantially alter the winter habitat of caribou in interior Alaska and lead to changes in winter range use and/or population dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[1730:STIOVF]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Rupp, T., Olson, M., Adams, L., Dale, B.W., Joly, K., Henkelman, J., Collins, W.B., and Starfield, A.M., 2006, Simulating the influences of various fire regimes on caribou winter habitat: Ecological Applications, v. 16, no. 5, p. 1730-1743, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[1730:STIOVF]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1730","endPage":"1743","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477373,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[1730:stiovf]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237164,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fdbe4b08c986b31919d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rupp, T. Scott","contributorId":21395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupp","given":"T. Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olson, Mark","contributorId":91009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dale, Bruce W.","contributorId":6769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dale","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Joly, Kyle","contributorId":53117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joly","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":417145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Henkelman, Jonathan","contributorId":55196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henkelman","given":"Jonathan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Collins, William B.","contributorId":190452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Starfield, Anthony M.","contributorId":17142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starfield","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70028170,"text":"70028170 - 2006 - Mountain hydrology of the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T12:45:48","indexId":"70028170","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mountain hydrology of the western United States","docAbstract":"Climate change and climate variability, population growth, and land use change drive the need for new hydrologic knowledge and understanding. In the mountainous West and other similar areas worldwide, three pressing hydrologic needs stand out: first, to better understand the processes controlling the partitioning of energy and water fluxes within and out from these systems; second, to better understand feedbacks between hydrological fluxes and biogeochemical and ecological processes; and, third, to enhance our physical and empirical understanding with integrated measurement strategies and information systems. We envision an integrative approach to monitoring, modeling, and sensing the mountain environment that will improve understanding and prediction of hydrologic fluxes and processes. Here extensive monitoring of energy fluxes and hydrologic states are needed to supplement existing measurements, which are largely limited to streamflow and snow water equivalent. Ground‐based observing systems must be explicitly designed for integration with remotely sensed data and for scaling up to basins and whole ranges.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004387","usgsCitation":"Bales, R.C., Molotch, N.P., Painter, T.H., Dettinger, M., Rice, R., and Dozier, J., 2006, Mountain hydrology of the western United States: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 8, Article W08432; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004387.","productDescription":"Article W08432; 13 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477359,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005wr004387","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5eb5e4b0c8380cd70c02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bales, Roger C.","contributorId":189659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bales","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Molotch, Noah P. 0000-0003-4733-8060","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4733-8060","contributorId":203466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Molotch","given":"Noah","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":36627,"text":"University of Colorado, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":416888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Painter, Thomas H.","contributorId":193067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Painter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332 mddettin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":146383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael D.","email":"mddettin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rice, Robert","contributorId":149915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rice","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dozier, Jeff","contributorId":190695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dozier","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028221,"text":"70028221 - 2006 - Fasting augments PCB impact on liver metabolism in anadromous Arctic Char","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T12:43:49","indexId":"70028221","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3608,"text":"Toxicological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fasting augments PCB impact on liver metabolism in anadromous Arctic Char","docAbstract":"Anadromous arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) undertake short feeding migrations to seawater every summer and accumulate lipids, while the rest of the year is spent in fresh water where the accumulated lipid reserves are mobilized. We tested the hypothesis that winter fasting and the associated polychlorinated biphenyls' (PCBs) redistribution from lipid depots to critical tissues impair the liver metabolic capacity in these animals. Char were administered Aroclor 1254 (0, 1, 10, and 100 mg/ kg body mass) orally and maintained for 4 months without feeding to mimic seasonal winter fasting, while fed groups (0 and 100 mg Aroclor 1254/kg) were maintained for comparison. A clear dose-related increase in PCB accumulation and cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) protein content was observed in the livers of fasted fish. This PCB concentration and CYP1A response with the high dose of Aroclor were 1.5-fold and 3-fold greater in the fasted than in the fed fish, respectively. In fed fish, PCB exposure lowered liver glycogen content, whereas none of the other metabolic indicators were significantly affected. In fasted fish, PCB exposure depressed liver glycogen content and activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and elevated 3-hydroxyacylcoA dehydrogenase activity and glucocorticoid receptor protein expression. There were no significant impacts of PCB on heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) and hsp90 contents in either fed or fasted fish. Collectively, our study demonstrates that winter emaciation associated with the anadromous lifestyle predisposes arctic char to PCB impact on hepatic metabolism including disruption of the adaptive metabolic responses to extended fasting. ?? 2006 Oxford University Press.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/toxsci/kfj154","issn":"10966080","usgsCitation":"Vijayan, M., Aluru, N., Maule, A., and Jorgensen, E., 2006, Fasting augments PCB impact on liver metabolism in anadromous Arctic Char: Toxicological Sciences, v. 91, no. 2, p. 431-439, https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfj154.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"431","endPage":"439","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477365,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfj154","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237023,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210181,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfj154"}],"volume":"91","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0efee4b0c8380cd536f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vijayan, M.M.","contributorId":33087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vijayan","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aluru, N.","contributorId":80454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aluru","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maule, A.G.","contributorId":45067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jorgensen, E.H.","contributorId":13782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgensen","given":"E.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}