{"pageNumber":"2477","pageRowStart":"61900","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184660,"records":[{"id":70028239,"text":"70028239 - 2006 - Effect of dispersal at range edges on the structure of species ranges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028239","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of dispersal at range edges on the structure of species ranges","docAbstract":"Range edges are of particular interest to ecology because they hold key insights into the limits of the realized niche and associated population dynamics. A recent feature of Oikos summarized the state of the art on range edge ecology. While the typical question is what causes range edges, another important question is how range edges influence the distribution of abundances across a species geographic range when dispersal is present. We used a single species population dynamics model on a coupled-lattice to determine the effects of dispersal on peripheral populations as compared to populations at the core of the range. In the absence of resource gradients, the reduced neighborhood and thus lower connectivity or higher isolation among populations at the range edge alone led to significantly lower population sizes in the periphery of the range than in the core. Lower population sizes mean higher extinction risks and lower adaptability at the range edge, which could inhibit or slow range expansions, and thus effectively stabilize range edges. The strength of this effect depended on the potential population growth rate and the maximum dispersal distance. Lower potential population growth rates led to a stronger effect of dispersal resulting in a higher difference in population sizes between the two areas. The differential effect of dispersal on population sizes at the core and periphery of the range in the absence of resource gradients implies that traditional, habitat-based distribution models could result in misleading conclusions about the habitat quality in the periphery. Lower population sizes at the periphery are also relevant to conservation, because habitat removal not only eliminates populations but also creates new edges. Populations bordering these new edges may experience declines, due to their increased isolation. ?? OIKOS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oikos","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14825.x","issn":"00301299","usgsCitation":"Bahn, V., O’Connor, R., and Krohn, W., 2006, Effect of dispersal at range edges on the structure of species ranges: Oikos, v. 115, no. 1, p. 89-96, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14825.x.","startPage":"89","endPage":"96","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":498948,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14825.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":210400,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14825.x"},{"id":237305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05d4e4b0c8380cd50fa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bahn, V.","contributorId":23741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bahn","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Connor, R.J.","contributorId":37861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krohn, W.B.","contributorId":64355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohn","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028309,"text":"70028309 - 2006 - Sea-level and tectonic control of middle to late Pleistocene turbidite systems in Santa Monica Basin, offshore California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70028309","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3369,"text":"Sedimentology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea-level and tectonic control of middle to late Pleistocene turbidite systems in Santa Monica Basin, offshore California","docAbstract":"Small turbidite systems offshore from southern California provide an opportunity to track sediment from river source through the turbidity-current initiation process to ultimate deposition, and to evaluate the impact of changing sea level and tectonics. The Santa Monica Basin is almost a closed system for terrigenous sediment input, and is supplied principally from the Santa Clara River. The Hueneme fan is supplied directly by the river, whereas the smaller Mugu and Dume fans are nourished by southward longshore drift. This study of the Late Quaternary turbidite fill of the Santa Monica Basin uses a dense grid of high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles tied to new radiocarbon ages for Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1015 back to 32 ka. Over the last glacial cycle, sedimentation rates in the distal part of Santa Monica Basin averaged 2-3 mm yr-1, with increases at times of extreme relative sea-level lowstand. Coarser-grained mid-fan lobes prograded into the basin from the Hueneme, Mugu and Dume fans at times of rapid sea-level fall. These pulses of coarse-grained sediment resulted from river channel incision and delta cannibalization. During the extreme lowstand of the last glacial maximum, sediment delivery was concentrated on the Hueneme Fan, with mean depositional rates of up to 13 mm yr-1 on the mid- and upper fan. During the marine isotope stage (MIS) 2 transgression, enhanced rates of sedimentation of > 4 mm yr-1 occurred on the Mugu and Dume fans, as a result of distributary switching and southward littoral drift providing nourishment to these fan systems. Longer-term sediment delivery to Santa Monica Basin was controlled by tectonics. Prior to MIS 10, the Anacapa ridge blocked the southward discharge of the Santa Clara River into the Santa Monica Basin. The pattern and distribution of turbidite sedimentation was strongly controlled by sea level through the rate of supply of coarse sediment and the style of initiation of turbidity currents. These two factors appear to have been more important than the absolute position of sea level. ?? 2006 The Authors. Journal compilation 2006 International Association of Sedimentologists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00797.x","issn":"00370746","usgsCitation":"Normark, W.R., Piper, D., and Sliter, R., 2006, Sea-level and tectonic control of middle to late Pleistocene turbidite systems in Santa Monica Basin, offshore California: Sedimentology, v. 53, no. 4, p. 867-897, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00797.x.","startPage":"867","endPage":"897","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210404,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00797.x"},{"id":237309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8814e4b08c986b3167cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piper, D.J.W.","contributorId":17351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"D.J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7219,"text":"Natural Resources Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":417483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sliter, R.","contributorId":66311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028190,"text":"70028190 - 2006 - One-day rate measurements for estimating net nitrification potential in humid forest soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028190","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"One-day rate measurements for estimating net nitrification potential in humid forest soils","docAbstract":"Measurements of net nitrification rates in forest soils have usually been performed by extended sample incubation (2-8 weeks), either in the field or in the lab. Because of disturbance effects, these measurements are only estimates of nitrification potential and shorter incubations may suffice. In three separate studies of northeastern USA forest soil surface horizons, we found that laboratory nitrification rates measured over 1 day related well to those measured over 4 weeks. Soil samples of Oa or A horizons were mixed by hand and the initial extraction of subsamples, using 2 mol L-1 KCl, occurred in the field as soon as feasible after sampling. Soils were kept near field temperature and subsampled again the following day in the laboratory. Rates measured by this method were about three times higher than the 4-week rates. Variability in measured rates was similar over either incubation period. Because NO3- concentrations were usually quite low in the field, average rates from 10 research watersheds could be estimated with only a single, 1-day extraction. Methodological studies showed that the concentration of NH4+ increased slowly during contact time with the KCl extractant and, thus, this contact time should be kept similar during the procedure. This method allows a large number of samples to be rapidly assessed. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2006.04.022","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Ross, D., Fredriksen, G., Jamison, A., Wemple, B., Bailey, S., Shanley, J.B., and Lawrence, G., 2006, One-day rate measurements for estimating net nitrification potential in humid forest soils: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 230, no. 1-3, p. 91-95, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.04.022.","startPage":"91","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210204,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.04.022"},{"id":237055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"230","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e31e4b0c8380cd7551e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, D.S.","contributorId":33867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fredriksen, G.","contributorId":56434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredriksen","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jamison, A.E.","contributorId":97692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jamison","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wemple, B.C.","contributorId":89331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wemple","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bailey, S.W.","contributorId":29113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shanley, J. B.","contributorId":52226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lawrence, G.B. 0000-0002-8035-2350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":76347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70028236,"text":"70028236 - 2006 - Strontium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028236","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strontium","docAbstract":"China, Mexico, Spain and Turkey are the world's leading producers of celestite (strontium sulphate). These countries accounted for 98% of the total world production in 2005. For the same period, US apparent consumption of strontium decreased to 12.3 kt. Imports were 21.2 kt, of which 84% came from Mexico. Imports of celestite and strontium carbonate decreased 71% and 24% respectively.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00265187","usgsCitation":"Ober, J., 2006, Strontium: Mining Engineering, v. 58, no. 6.","startPage":"57","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9ba2e4b08c986b31cfe0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ober, J.A.","contributorId":76351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ober","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028342,"text":"70028342 - 2006 - Pharmaceuticals and other organic chemicals in selected north-central and northwestern Arkansas streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:19:03","indexId":"70028342","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pharmaceuticals and other organic chemicals in selected north-central and northwestern Arkansas streams","docAbstract":"

Recently, our attention has focused on the low level detection of many antibiotics, pharmaceuticals, and other organic chemicals in water resources. The limited studies available suggest that urban or rural streams receiving wastewater effluent are more susceptible to contamination. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of antibiotics, pharmaceuticals, and other organic chemicals at 18 sites on seven selected streams in Arkansas, USA, during March, April, and August 2004. Water samples were collected upstream and downstream from the influence of effluent discharges in northwestern Arkansas and at one site on a relatively undeveloped stream in north-central Arkansas. At least one antibiotic, pharmaceutical, or other organic chemical was detected at all sites, except at Spavinaw Creek near Mayesville, Arkansas. The greatest number of detections was observed at Mud Creek downstream from an effluent discharge, including 31 pharmaceuticals and other organic chemicals. The detection of these chemicals occurred in higher frequency at sites downstream from effluent discharges compared to those sites upstream from effluent discharges; total chemical concentration was also greater downstream. Wastewater effluent discharge increased the concentrations of detergent metabolites, fire retardants, fragrances and flavors, and steroids in these streams. Antibiotics and associated degradation products were only found at two streams downstream from effluent discharges. Overall, 42 of the 108 chemicals targeted in this study were found in water samples from at least one site, and the most frequently detected organic chemicals included caffeine, phenol, para-cresol, and acetyl hexamethyl tetrahydro naphthalene (AHTN).

","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2005.0248","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Haggard, B., Galloway, J., Green, W.R., and Meyer, M.T., 2006, Pharmaceuticals and other organic chemicals in selected north-central and northwestern Arkansas streams: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 35, no. 4, p. 1078-1087, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0248.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1078","endPage":"1087","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477376,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0248","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210431,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0248"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a786de4b0c8380cd786c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haggard, B. E.","contributorId":69755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haggard","given":"B. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galloway, J.M.","contributorId":65114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, W. R.","contributorId":68354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, M. T.","contributorId":92279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031192,"text":"70031192 - 2006 - Precipitation of lead-zinc ores in the Mississippi Valley-type deposit at Treves, Cevennes region of southern France","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-27T14:03:32","indexId":"70031192","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1765,"text":"Geofluids","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precipitation of lead-zinc ores in the Mississippi Valley-type deposit at Treves, Cevennes region of southern France","docAbstract":"

The Trèves zinc–lead deposit is one of several Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposits in the Cévennes region of southern France. Fluid inclusion studies show that the ore was deposited at temperatures between approximately 80 and 150°C from a brine that derived its salinity mainly from the evaporation of seawater past halite saturation. Lead isotope studies suggest that the metals were extracted from local basement rocks. Sulfur isotope data and studies of organic matter indicate that the reduced sulfur in the ores was derived from the reduction of Mesozoic marine sulfate by thermochemical sulfate reduction or bacterially mediated processes at a different time or place from ore deposition. The large range of δ34S values determined for the minerals in the deposit (12.2–19.2‰ for barite, 3.8–13.8‰ for sphalerite and galena, and 8.7 to −21.2‰ for pyrite), are best explained by the mixing of fluids containing different sources of sulfur. Geochemical reaction path calculations, based on quantitative fluid inclusion data and constrained by field observations, were used to evaluate possible precipitation mechanisms. The most important precipitation mechanism was probably the mixing of fluids containing different metal and reduced sulfur contents. Cooling, dilution, and changes in pH of the ore fluid probably played a minor role in the precipitation of ores. The optimum results that produced the most metal sulfide deposition with the least amount of fluid was the mixing of a fluid containing low amounts of reduced sulfur with a sulfur-rich, metal poor fluid. In this scenario, large amounts of sphalerite and galena are precipitated, together with smaller quantities of pyrite precipitated and dolomite dissolved. The relative amounts of metal precipitated and dolomite dissolved in this scenario agree with field observations that show only minor dolomite dissolution during ore deposition. The modeling results demonstrate the important control of the reduced sulfur concentration on the Zn and Pb transport capacity of the ore fluid and the volumes of fluid required to form the deposit. The studies of the Trèves ores provide insights into the ore-forming processes of a typical MVT deposit in the Cévennes region. However, the extent to which these processes can be extrapolated to other MVT deposits in the Cévennes region is problematic. Nevertheless, the evidence for the extensive migration of fluids in the basement and sedimentary cover rocks in the Cévennes region suggests that the ore forming processes for the Trèves deposit must be considered equally viable possibilities for the numerous fault-controlled and mineralogically similar MVT deposits in the Cévennes region.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-8123.2006.00126.x","issn":"14688115","usgsCitation":"Leach, D., Macquar, J., Lagneau, V., Leventhal, J., Emsbo, P., and Premo, W., 2006, Precipitation of lead-zinc ores in the Mississippi Valley-type deposit at Treves, Cevennes region of southern France: Geofluids, v. 6, no. 1, p. 24-44, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-8123.2006.00126.x.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"24","endPage":"44","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238881,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211574,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-8123.2006.00126.x"}],"country":"France","otherGeospatial":"Cevennes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 2.0654296875,\n 43.37311218382002\n ],\n [\n 2.0654296875,\n 44.87144275016589\n ],\n [\n 5.6689453125,\n 44.87144275016589\n ],\n [\n 5.6689453125,\n 43.37311218382002\n ],\n [\n 2.0654296875,\n 43.37311218382002\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a811ce4b0c8380cd7b396","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leach, D.","contributorId":47548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leach","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Macquar, J.-C.","contributorId":41623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macquar","given":"J.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lagneau, V.","contributorId":6250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lagneau","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leventhal, J.","contributorId":16583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leventhal","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Emsbo, P.","contributorId":59901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emsbo","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Premo, W. 0000-0001-9904-4801","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-4801","contributorId":100191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Premo","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028252,"text":"70028252 - 2006 - Diagnostic criteria for proliferative hepatic lesions in brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-18T11:08:07","indexId":"70028252","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagnostic criteria for proliferative hepatic lesions in brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus","docAbstract":"Brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus is used as indicator species for contaminant effects at areas of concern (AOC) in the Great Lakes and other areas. One of the beneficial use impairments at numerous AOC is 'fish tumors and other deformities'. An impairment occurs when the prevalence of fish tumors and other deformities exceeds those at unimpacted or control sites or when survey data confirm the presence of neoplastic or preneoplastic liver lesions in bullhead or white sucker Catostomus commersonii. Numerous surveys have been conducted over the years assessing neoplasia in these fishes, both liver and skin tumors. However, a major problem in comparing the results has been a lack of consistent criteria for evaluating histological changes in bullhead livers. As individual AOC develop and implement remedial action plans, realistic and attainable delisting targets need to be specified. For this to occur and be consistent from site to site there must be standardization of the criteria being used to evaluate specific impairments. In this report, specific diagnostic criteria are provided for both non-neoplastic and neoplastic proliferative hepatocellular and biliary lesions. These criteria should assist fish pathologists in describing and categorizing proliferative liver lesions from brown bullhead. ?? Inter-Research 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","issn":"01775103","usgsCitation":"Blazer, V., Fournie, J., Wolf, J., and Wolfe, M., 2006, Diagnostic criteria for proliferative hepatic lesions in brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 72, no. 1, p. 19-30.","productDescription":"p.19-30","startPage":"19","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":265914,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.int-res.com/articles/dao2006/72/d072p019.pdf"},{"id":236955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a009de4b0c8380cd4f813","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fournie, J.W.","contributorId":83463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournie","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolf, J.C.","contributorId":19338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolfe, M.J.","contributorId":30187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028145,"text":"70028145 - 2006 - Detection of water quality trends at high, median, and low flow in a Catskill Mountain stream, New York, through a new statistical method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T16:59:39","indexId":"70028145","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection of water quality trends at high, median, and low flow in a Catskill Mountain stream, New York, through a new statistical method","docAbstract":"

The effects of changes in acid deposition rates resulting from the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 should first appear in stream waters during rainstorms and snowmelt, when the surface of the watershed is most hydrologically connected to the stream. Early detection of improved stream water quality is possible if trends at high flow could be separately determined. Trends in concentrations of sulfate (SO42−), nitrate (NO3−), calcium plus magnesium (Ca2++Mg2+), and acid‐neutralizing capacity (ANC) in Biscuit Brook, Catskill Mountains, New York, were assessed through segmented regression analysis (SRA). The method uses annual concentration‐to‐discharge relations to predict concentrations for specific discharges, then compares those annual values to determine trends at specific discharge levels. Median‐flow trends using SRA were comparable to those predicted by the seasonal Kendall tau test and a multiple regression residual analysis. All of these methods show that stream water SO42− concentrations have decreased significantly since 1983; Ca2++Mg2+ concentrations have decreased at a steady but slower rate than SO42−; and ANC shows no trend. The new SRA method, however, reveals trends that differ at specified flow levels. ANC has increased, and NO3−concentrations have decreased at high flows, but neither has changed as significantly at low flows. The general downward trend in SO42− flattened at median flow and reversed at high flow between 1997 and 2002. The reversal of the high‐flow SO42− trend is consistent with increases in SO42− concentrations in both precipitation and soil solutions at Biscuit Brook. Separate calculation of high‐flow trends provides resource managers with an early detection system for assessing changes in water quality resulting from changes in acidic deposition.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2004WR003892","usgsCitation":"Murdoch, P., and Shanley, J.B., 2006, Detection of water quality trends at high, median, and low flow in a Catskill Mountain stream, New York, through a new statistical method: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 8, Article W08407; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003892.","productDescription":"Article W08407; 12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff7be4b0c8380cd4f1fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S.","contributorId":73547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028132,"text":"70028132 - 2006 - Remote sensing for grassland management in the arid Southwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70028132","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3228,"text":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","onlineIssn":"1551-5028","printIssn":"1550-7424","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote sensing for grassland management in the arid Southwest","docAbstract":"We surveyed a group of rangeland managers in the Southwest about vegetation monitoring needs on grassland. Based on their responses, the objective of the RANGES (Rangeland Analysis Utilizing Geospatial Information Science) project was defined to be the accurate conversion of remotely sensed data (satellite imagery) to quantitative estimates of total (green and senescent) standing cover and biomass on grasslands and semidesert grasslands. Although remote sensing has been used to estimate green vegetation cover, in arid grasslands herbaceous vegetation is senescent much of the year and is not detected by current remote sensing techniques. We developed a ground truth protocol compatible with both range management requirements and Landsat's 30 m resolution imagery. The resulting ground-truth data were then used to develop image processing algorithms that quantified total herbaceous vegetation cover, height, and biomass. Cover was calculated based on a newly developed Soil Adjusted Total Vegetation Index (SATVI), and height and biomass were estimated based on reflectance in the near infrared (NIR) band. Comparison of the remotely sensed estimates with independent ground measurements produced r2 values of 0.80, 0.85, and 0.77 and Nash Sutcliffe values of 0.78, 0.70, and 0.77 for the cover, plant height, and biomass, respectively. The approach for estimating plant height and biomass did not work for sites where forbs comprised more than 30% of total vegetative cover. The ground reconnaissance protocol and image processing techniques together offer land managers accurate and timely methods for monitoring extensive grasslands. The time-consuming requirement to collect concurrent data in the field for each image implies a need to share the high fixed costs of processing an image across multiple users to reduce the costs for individual rangeland managers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rangeland Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2111/05-201R.1","issn":"15507424","usgsCitation":"Marsett, R., Qi, J., Heilman, P., Biedenbender, S., Watson, M., Amer, S., Weltz, M., Goodrich, D., and Marsett, R., 2006, Remote sensing for grassland management in the arid Southwest: Rangeland Ecology and Management, v. 59, no. 5, p. 530-540, https://doi.org/10.2111/05-201R.1.","startPage":"530","endPage":"540","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487561,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/643104","text":"External Repository"},{"id":210309,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2111/05-201R.1"},{"id":237193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa6fbe4b0c8380cd8515e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marsett, R.C.","contributorId":66905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsett","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Qi, J.","contributorId":48718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heilman, P.","contributorId":44731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heilman","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biedenbender, S.H.","contributorId":95670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biedenbender","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Watson, M.C.","contributorId":18959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Amer, S.","contributorId":27663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amer","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Weltz, M.","contributorId":105903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weltz","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Goodrich, D.","contributorId":101864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodrich","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Marsett, R.","contributorId":69322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsett","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70028253,"text":"70028253 - 2006 - Delineating a shallow fault zone and dipping bed rock strata using multichannal analysis of surface waves with a land streamer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-25T09:59:29","indexId":"70028253","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Delineating a shallow fault zone and dipping bed rock strata using multichannal analysis of surface waves with a land streamer","docAbstract":"

The multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) seismic method was used to delineate a fault zone and gently dipping sedimentary bedrock at a site overlain by several meters of regolith. Seismic data were collected rapidly and inexpensively using a towed 30-channel land streamer and a rubberband-accelerated weight-drop seismic source. Data processed using the MASW method imaged the subsurface to a depth of about 20m\">20m20m and allowed detection of the overburden, gross bedding features, and fault zone. The fault zone was characterized by a lower shear-wave velocity (Vs)\">(Vs)(Vs) than the competent bedrock, consistent with a large-scale fault, secondary fractures, and in-situ weathering. The MASW 2D Vs\">VsVs section was further interpreted to identify dipping beds consistent with local geologic mapping. Mapping of shallow-fault zones and dipping sedimentary rock substantially extends the applications of the MASW method.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.2227521","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Ivanov, J., Miller, R., Lacombe, P., Johnson, C., and Lane, J., 2006, Delineating a shallow fault zone and dipping bed rock strata using multichannal analysis of surface waves with a land streamer: Geophysics, v. 71, no. 5, p. A39-A42, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2227521.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"A39","endPage":"A42","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","city":"West Trenton","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.82603549957275,\n 40.25437660372649\n ],\n [\n -74.80174541473389,\n 40.25437660372649\n ],\n [\n -74.80174541473389,\n 40.27012860983725\n ],\n [\n -74.82603549957275,\n 40.27012860983725\n ],\n [\n -74.82603549957275,\n 40.25437660372649\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe60e4b0c8380cd4ece4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ivanov, J.","contributorId":107068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lacombe, P.","contributorId":96891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacombe","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, C. D.","contributorId":8120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lane, J.W. Jr.","contributorId":66723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"J.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028254,"text":"70028254 - 2006 - Dynamics of viral hemorrhagic septicemia, viral erythrocytic necrosis and ichthyophoniasis in confined juvenile Pacific herring Clupea pallasii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T13:33:05","indexId":"70028254","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of viral hemorrhagic septicemia, viral erythrocytic necrosis and ichthyophoniasis in confined juvenile Pacific herring Clupea pallasii","docAbstract":"

Capture of wild, juvenile herring Clupea pallasii from Puget Sound (Washington, USA) and confinement in laboratory tanks resulted in outbreaks of viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS), viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN) and ichthyophoniasis; however, the timing and progression of the 3 diseases differed. The VHS epidemic occurred first, characterized by an initially low infection prevalence that increased quickly with confinement time, peaking at 93 to 98% after confinement for 6 d, then decreasing to negligible levels after 20 d. The VHS outbreak was followed by a VEN epidemic that, within 12 d of confinement, progressed from undetectable levels to 100% infection prevalence with >90% of erythrocytes demonstrating inclusions. The VEN epidemic persisted for 54 d, after which the study was terminated, and was characterized by severe blood dyscrasias including reduction of mean hematocrit from 42 to 6% and replacement of mature erythrocytes with circulating erythroblasts and ghost cells. All fish with ichthyophoniasis at capture died within the first 3 wk of confinement, probably as a result of the multiple stressors associated with capture, transport, confinement, and progression of concomitant viral diseases. The results illustrate the differences in disease ecology and possible synergistic effects of pathogens affecting marine fish and highlight the difficulty in ascribing a single causation to outbreaks of disease among populations of wild fishes. ?? Inter-Research 2006.

","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao070201","issn":"01775103","usgsCitation":"Hershberger, P., Hart, A., Gregg, J., Elder, N., and Winton, J., 2006, Dynamics of viral hemorrhagic septicemia, viral erythrocytic necrosis and ichthyophoniasis in confined juvenile Pacific herring Clupea pallasii: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 70, no. 3, p. 201-208, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao070201.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487565,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao070201","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236990,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a043ae4b0c8380cd50874","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hershberger, P.","contributorId":64826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, A.","contributorId":104273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gregg, J.","contributorId":27662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elder, N.","contributorId":93230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elder","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winton, J.","contributorId":55627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028333,"text":"70028333 - 2006 - Estimating locations and magnitudes of earthquakes in southern California from modified Mercalli intensities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70028333","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating locations and magnitudes of earthquakes in southern California from modified Mercalli intensities","docAbstract":"Modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) assignments, instrumental moment magnitudes M, and epicenter locations of thirteen 5.6 ??? M ??? 7.1 \"training-set\" events in southern California were used to obtain the attenuation relation MMI = 1.64 + 1.41M - 0.00526 * ??h - 2.63 * log ??h, where ??h is the hypocentral distance in kilometers and M is moment magnitude. Intensity magnitudes MI and locations for five 5.9 ??? M ??? 7.3 independent test events were consistent with the instrumental source parameters. Fourteen \"historical\" earthquakes between 1890 and 1927 were then analyzed. Of particular interest are the MI 7.2 9 February 1890 and MI 6.6 28 May 1892 earthquakes, which were previously assumed to have occurred near the southern San Jacinto fault; a more likely location is in the Eastern California Shear Zone (ECSZ). These events, and the 1992 M 7.3 Landers and 1999 M 7.1 Hector Mine events, suggest that the ECSZ has been seismically active since at least the end of the nineteenth century. The earthquake catalog completeness level in the ECSZ is ???M 6.5 at least until the early twentieth century.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050205","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Bakun, W.H., 2006, Estimating locations and magnitudes of earthquakes in southern California from modified Mercalli intensities: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 4 A, p. 1278-1295, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050205.","startPage":"1278","endPage":"1295","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210293,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050205"},{"id":237171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"4 A","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b28e4b0c8380cd525d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakun, W. H.","contributorId":67055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028332,"text":"70028332 - 2006 - Acoustic bed velocity and bed load dynamics in a large sand bed river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-03T16:36:26","indexId":"70028332","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acoustic bed velocity and bed load dynamics in a large sand bed river","docAbstract":"

Development of a practical technology for rapid quantification of bed load transport in large rivers would represent a revolutionary advance for sediment monitoring and the investigation of fluvial dynamics. Measurement of bed load motion with acoustic Doppler current profiles (ADCPs) has emerged as a promising approach for evaluating bed load transport. However, a better understanding of how ADCP data relate to conditions near the stream bed is necessary to make the method practical for quantitative applications. In this paper, we discuss the response of ADCP bed velocity measurements, defined as the near-bed sediment velocity detected by the instrument's bottom-tracking feature, to changing sediment-transporting conditions in the lower Missouri River. Bed velocity represents a weighted average of backscatter from moving bed load particles and spectral reflections from the immobile bed. The ratio of bed velocity to mean bed load particle velocity depends on the concentration of the particles moving in the bed load layer, the bed load layer thickness, and the backscatter strength from a unit area of moving particles relative to the echo strength from a unit area of unobstructed bed. A model based on existing bed load transport theory predicted measured bed velocities from hydraulic and grain size measurements with reasonable success. Bed velocities become more variable and increase more rapidly with shear stress when the transport stage, defined as the ratio of skin friction to the critical shear stress for particle entrainment, exceeds a threshold of about 17. This transition in bed velocity response appears to be associated with the appearance of longer, flatter bed forms at high transport stages.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union, Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2005JF000411","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Gaeuman, D., and Jacobson, R., 2006, Acoustic bed velocity and bed load dynamics in a large sand bed river: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 111, no. 2, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JF000411.","productDescription":"14 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477522,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jf000411","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210292,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JF000411"}],"volume":"111","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e69ce4b0c8380cd47525","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaeuman, D.","contributorId":73807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaeuman","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobson, R. B. 0000-0002-8368-2064","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":92614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028278,"text":"70028278 - 2006 - A 16-year time series of 1 km AVHRR satellite data of the conterminous United States and Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T09:55:16","indexId":"70028278","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A 16-year time series of 1 km AVHRR satellite data of the conterminous United States and Alaska","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed a 16-year time series of vegetation condition information for the conterminous United States and Alaska using 1 km Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. The AVHRR data have been processed using consistent methods that account for radiometric variability due to calibration uncertainty, the effects of the atmosphere on surface radiometric measurements obtained from wide field-of-view observations, and the geometric registration accuracy. The conterminous United States and Alaska data sets have an atmospheric correction for water vapor, ozone, and Rayleigh scattering and include a cloud mask derived using the Clouds from AVHRR (CLAVR) algorithm. In comparison with other AVHRR time series data sets, the conterminous United States and Alaska data are processed using similar techniques. The primary difference is that the conterminous United States and Alaska data are at 1 km resolution, while others are at 8 km resolution. The time series consists of weekly and biweekly maximum normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) composites.

","language":"English","publisher":"Ingenta","doi":"10.14358/PERS.72.9.1027","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Eidenshink, J., 2006, A 16-year time series of 1 km AVHRR satellite data of the conterminous United States and Alaska: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 72, no. 9, p. 1027-1035, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.72.9.1027.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1027","endPage":"1035","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477448,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.72.9.1027","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236816,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c9cb2ee4b08400b1fdb6dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eidenshink, Jeff","contributorId":95156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eidenshink","given":"Jeff","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028162,"text":"70028162 - 2006 - Genetic characterization of Zostera asiatica on the Pacific Coast of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-17T19:40:37","indexId":"70028162","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":861,"text":"Aquatic Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic characterization of Zostera asiatica on the Pacific Coast of North America","docAbstract":"

We gathered sequence information from the nuclear 5.8S rDNA gene and associated internal transcribed spacers, ITS-1 and ITS-2 (5.8S rDNA/ITS), and the chloroplast maturase K (matK) gene, from Zostera samples collected from subtidal habitats in Monterey and Santa Barbara (Isla Vista) bays, California, to test the hypothesis that these plants are conspecific with Z. asiatica Miki of Asia. Sequences from approximately 520 base pairs of the nuclear 5.8S rDNA/ITS obtained from the subtidal Monterey and Isla Vista Zostera samples were identical to homologous sequences obtained from Z. marina collected from intertidal habitats in Japan, Alaska, Oregon and California. Similarly, sequences from the matK gene from the subtidal Zostera samples were identical to matK sequences obtained from Z. marina collected from intertidal habitats in Japan, Alaska, Oregon and California, but differed from Z. asiatica sequences accessioned into GenBank. This suggests the subtidal plants are conspecific with Z. marina, not Z. asiatica. However, we found that herbarium samples accessioned into the Kyoto University Herbarium, determined to be Z. asiatica, yielded 5.8S rDNA/ITS sequences consistent with either Z. japonica, in two cases, or Z. marina, in one case. Similar results were observed for the chloroplast matK gene; we found haplotypes that were inconsistent with published matK sequences from Z. asiatica collected from Japan. These results underscore the need for closer examination of the relationship between Z. marina along the Pacific Coast of North America, and Z. asiatica of Asia, for the retention and verification of specimens examined in scientific studies, and for assessment of the usefulness of morphological characters in the determination of taxonomic relationships within Zosteraceae.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2006.03.011","issn":"03043770","usgsCitation":"Talbot, S.L., Wyllie-Echeverria, S., Ward, D.H., Rearick, J.R., Sage, G.K., Chesney, B., and Phillips, R.C., 2006, Genetic characterization of Zostera asiatica on the Pacific Coast of North America: Aquatic Botany, v. 85, no. 3, p. 169-176, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2006.03.011.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"176","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a156ae4b0c8380cd54ddb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wyllie-Echeverria, S.","contributorId":17819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wyllie-Echeverria","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rearick, Jolene R. 0000-0003-0942-8268 jrearick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0942-8268","contributorId":195245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rearick","given":"Jolene","email":"jrearick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sage, George K. 0000-0003-1431-2286 ksage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-2286","contributorId":87833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sage","given":"George","email":"ksage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":416847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chesney, B.","contributorId":27250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesney","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Phillips, R. C.","contributorId":65655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70028331,"text":"70028331 - 2006 - Use of radars to monitor stream discharge by noncontact methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T08:00:07","indexId":"70028331","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of radars to monitor stream discharge by noncontact methods","docAbstract":"

Conventional measurements of river flows are costly, time‐consuming, and frequently dangerous. This report evaluates the use of a continuous wave microwave radar, a monostatic UHF Doppler radar, a pulsed Doppler microwave radar, and a ground‐penetrating radar to measure river flows continuously over long periods and without touching the water with any instruments. The experiments duplicate the flow records from conventional stream gauging stations on the San Joaquin River in California and the Cowlitz River in Washington. The purpose of the experiments was to directly measure the parameters necessary to compute flow: surface velocity (converted to mean velocity) and cross‐sectional area, thereby avoiding the uncertainty, complexity, and cost of maintaining rating curves. River channel cross sections were measured by ground‐penetrating radar suspended above the river. River surface water velocity was obtained by Bragg scattering of microwave and UHF Doppler radars, and the surface velocity data were converted to mean velocity on the basis of detailed velocity profiles measured by current meters and hydroacoustic instruments. Experiments using these radars to acquire a continuous record of flow were conducted for 4 weeks on the San Joaquin River and for 16 weeks on the Cowlitz River. At the San Joaquin River the radar noncontact measurements produced discharges more than 20% higher than the other independent measurements in the early part of the experiment. After the first 3 days, the noncontact radar discharge measurements were within 5% of the rating values. On the Cowlitz River at Castle Rock, correlation coefficients between the USGS stream gauging station rating curve discharge and discharge computed from three different Doppler radar systems and GPR data over the 16 week experiment were 0.883, 0.969, and 0.992. Noncontact radar results were within a few percent of discharge values obtained by gauging station, current meter, and hydroacoustic methods. Time series of surface velocity obtained by different radars in the Cowlitz River experiment also show small‐amplitude pulsations not found in stage records that reflect tidal energy at the gauging station. Noncontact discharge measurements made during a flood on 30 January 2004 agreed with the rated discharge to within 5%. Measurement at both field sites confirm that lognormal velocity profiles exist for a wide range of flows in these rivers, and mean velocity is approximately 0.85 times measured surface velocity. Noncontact methods of flow measurement appear to (1) be as accurate as conventional methods, (2) obtain data when standard contact methods are dangerous or cannot be obtained, and (3) provide insight into flow dynamics not available from detailed stage records alone.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004430","usgsCitation":"Costa, J.E., Cheng, R.T., Haeni, F., Melcher, N., Spicer, K., Hayes, E., Plant, W., Hayes, K., Teague, C., and Barrick, D., 2006, Use of radars to monitor stream discharge by noncontact methods: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 7, W07422; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004430.","productDescription":"W07422; 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf61e4b08c986b329b17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Costa, J. E.","contributorId":28977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haeni, F.P.","contributorId":87105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Melcher, N.","contributorId":74187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melcher","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spicer, K.R.","contributorId":67230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spicer","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hayes, E.","contributorId":29158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Plant, W.","contributorId":62398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hayes, K.","contributorId":55178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Teague, C.","contributorId":30412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teague","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Barrick, D.","contributorId":105888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrick","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70028163,"text":"70028163 - 2006 - Evolution of the CD4 family: teleost fish possess two divergent forms of CD4 in addition to lymphocyte activation gene-3","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-17T16:31:55","indexId":"70028163","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2350,"text":"Journal of Immunology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolution of the CD4 family: teleost fish possess two divergent forms of CD4 in addition to lymphocyte activation gene-3","docAbstract":"

The T cell coreceptor CD4 is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the Ig superfamily and is essential for cell-mediated immunity. Two different genes were identified in rainbow trout that resemble mammalian CD4. One (trout CD4) encodes four extracellular Ig domains reminiscent off mammalian CD4, whereas the other (CD4REL) codes for two Ig domains. Structural motifs within the amino acid sequences suggest that the two Ig domains of CD4REL duplicated to generate the four-domain molecule of CD4 and the related gene, lymphocyte activation gene-3. Here we present evidence that both of these molecules in trout are homologous to mammalian CD4 and that teleosts encode an additional CD4 family member, lymphocyte activation gene-3, which is a marker for activated T cells. The syntenic relationships of similar genes in other teleost and non-fish genomes provide evidence for the likely evolution of CD4-related molecules in vertebrates, with CD4REL likely representing the primordial form in fish. Expression of both CD4 genes is highest in the thymus and spleen, and mRNA expression of these genes is limited to surface IgM- lymphocytes, consistent with a role for T cell functionality. Finally, the intracellular regions of both CD4 and CD4REL possess the canonical CXC motif involved in the interaction off CD4 with p56LCK, implying that similar mechanisms for CD4 + T cell activation are present in all vertebrates. Our results therefore raise new questions about T cell development and functionality in lower vertebrates that cannot be answered by current mammalian models and, thus, is of fundamental importance for understanding the evolution of cell-mediated immunity in gnathosomes. Copyright ?? 2006 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Immunologists","doi":"10.4049/jimmunol.177.6.3939","issn":"00221767","usgsCitation":"Laing, K., Zou, J., Purcell, M.K., Phillips, R., Secombes, C., and Hansen, J., 2006, Evolution of the CD4 family: teleost fish possess two divergent forms of CD4 in addition to lymphocyte activation gene-3: Journal of Immunology, v. 177, no. 6, p. 3939-3951, https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.177.6.3939.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"3939","endPage":"3951","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477360,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.177.6.3939","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237161,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"177","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d87e4b0c8380cd53085","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laing, K.J.","contributorId":17037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laing","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zou, J.J.","contributorId":72580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zou","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Purcell, M. K.","contributorId":78464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phillips, R.","contributorId":49081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Secombes, C.J.","contributorId":74568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Secombes","given":"C.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hansen, J.D.","contributorId":107880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028279,"text":"70028279 - 2006 - CO2 jets formed by sublimation beneath translucent slab ice in Mars' seasonal south polar ice cap","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-19T09:54:04","indexId":"70028279","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"CO2 jets formed by sublimation beneath translucent slab ice in Mars' seasonal south polar ice cap","docAbstract":"

The martian polar caps are among the most dynamic regions on Mars, growing substantially in winter as a significant fraction of the atmosphere freezes out in the form of CO2 ice. Unusual dark spots, fans and blotches form as the south-polar seasonal CO2 ice cap retreats during spring and summer. Small radial channel networks are often associated with the location of spots once the ice disappears. The spots have been proposed to be simply bare, defrosted ground; the formation of the channels has remained uncertain. Here we report infrared and visible observations that show that the spots and fans remain at CO2 ice temperatures well into summer, and must be granular materials that have been brought up to the surface of the ice, requiring a complex suite of processes to get them there. We propose that the seasonal ice cap forms an impermeable, translucent slab of CO2 ice that sublimates from the base, building up high-pressure gas beneath the slab. This gas levitates the ice, which eventually ruptures, producing high-velocity CO 2 vents that erupt sand-sized grains in jets to form the spots and erode the channels. These processes are unlike any observed on Earth.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/nature04945","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Kieffer, H.H., Christensen, P.R., and Titus, T.N., 2006, CO2 jets formed by sublimation beneath translucent slab ice in Mars' seasonal south polar ice cap: Nature, v. 442, no. 7104, p. 793-796, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04945.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"793","endPage":"796","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"442","issue":"7104","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2d3e4b0c8380cd4b3e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kieffer, Hugh H.","contributorId":41137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christensen, Phillip R.","contributorId":18098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028122,"text":"70028122 - 2006 - Temperature and kairomone induced life history plasticity in coexisting Daphnia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028122","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":863,"text":"Aquatic Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature and kairomone induced life history plasticity in coexisting Daphnia","docAbstract":"We investigated the life history alterations of coexisting Daphnia species responding to environmental temperature and predator cues. In a laboratory experiment, we measured Daphnia life history plasticity under different predation risk and temperature treatments that simulate changing environmental conditions. Daphnia pulicaria abundance and size at first reproduction (SFR) declined, while ephippia (resting egg) formation increased at high temperatures. Daphnia mendotae abundance and clutch size increased with predation risk at high temperatures, but produced few ephippia. Thus, each species exhibited phenotypic plasticity, but responded in sharply different ways to the same environmental cues. In Glen Elder reservoir, Kansas USA, D. pulicaria dominance shifted to D. mendotae dominance as temperature and predation risk increased from March to June in both 1999 and 2000. Field estimates of life history shifts mirrored the laboratory experiment results, suggesting that similar phenotypic responses to seasonal cues contribute to seasonal Daphnia population trends. These results illustrate species-specific differences in life history plasticity among coexisting zooplankton taxa. ?? Springer-Verlag 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10452-006-9035-5","issn":"13862588","usgsCitation":"Bernot, R.J., Dodds, W.K., Quist, M., and Guy, C., 2006, Temperature and kairomone induced life history plasticity in coexisting Daphnia: Aquatic Ecology, v. 40, no. 3, p. 361-372, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10452-006-9035-5.","startPage":"361","endPage":"372","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210175,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10452-006-9035-5"}],"volume":"40","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4b9e4b08c986b320534","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bernot, R. J.","contributorId":18563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernot","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dodds, W. K.","contributorId":21297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dodds","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quist, M.C. 0000-0001-8268-1839","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-1839","contributorId":62805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guy, C.S.","contributorId":59160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028094,"text":"70028094 - 2006 - Nest success of mountain plovers relative to anthropogenic edges in eastern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028094","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest success of mountain plovers relative to anthropogenic edges in eastern Colorado","docAbstract":"We monitored nest success of mountain plovers (Charadrius montanus) relative to distance from the nearest anthropogenic edges, such as fence lines, roads, and perimeters of crop fields, in 2003 and 2004. We located and observed 163 mountain plover nests in eastern Colorado (USA). At least one egg hatched in 81 of 163 nests. Successful nests occurred at a mean distance of 93.94 m ?? 8.87 SE, whereas unsuccessful nests were located 84.39 m ?? 8.95 SE from the nearest edge. Based on our model selection criteria (AIC c), nests farther from edges were not necessarily more successful than those closer to edges. The logistic regression coefficient for edge effects (0.13 ?? 0.12 SE) suggests that nests farther from edges are more successful. However, the standard error for the edge coefficient was large and the 95% confidence interval (-0.08, 0.35) encompassed zero, suggesting nest success was independent of distance from an anthropomorphic edge. We conclude that phenomena determining nest success of mountain plovers cannot be attributed to the single factor of anthropogenic edges in this fragmented landscape.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[191:NSOMPR]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00384909","usgsCitation":"Mettenbrink, C., Dreitz, V., and Knopf, F., 2006, Nest success of mountain plovers relative to anthropogenic edges in eastern Colorado: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 51, no. 2, p. 191-196, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[191:NSOMPR]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"191","endPage":"196","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488101,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[191:nsompr]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":210228,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[191:NSOMPR]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":237087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6487e4b0c8380cd729f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mettenbrink, C.W.","contributorId":40866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mettenbrink","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dreitz, V.J.","contributorId":65432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreitz","given":"V.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knopf, F.L.","contributorId":26998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028330,"text":"70028330 - 2006 - Temporal variations of heavy metals in coral Porites lutea from Guangdong Province, China: Influences from industrial pollution, climate and economic factors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-11T08:38:23","indexId":"70028330","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1233,"text":"Chinese Journal of Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal variations of heavy metals in coral Porites lutea from Guangdong Province, China: Influences from industrial pollution, climate and economic factors","docAbstract":"

The eight heavy metals Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb have been determined in samples of coral Porites lutea collected from Dafangji Island waters (21°21′N, 111°11′E), Dianbai County, Guangdong Province, China, by the ICP-MS method. The samples represent the growth of coral in the period of 1982–2001. The results showed that the waters were polluted by the heavy metals Cu, Ni, Zn, and Pb in certain years, but not by other metals. The contamination may have come from industrial sources, including electroplating, metallurgy, mining, and aquatic industries in the coastal areas.

\n

The correlation coefficients among the metals and climatic and economic factors indicate that the metals Ni, Zn, and Cd behave similarly. Copper and Mn are positively correlated, and cobalt is negatively correlated with Cr, Ni, Zn, and Cd. Lead is not correlated with any other metals but is correlated with sea surface water temperature, air temperature, GDP and industrial-agricultural production in Dianbai County. Lead in corals is related to the enhanced pollution level of ocean waters as a result of increased industrial activities.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chinese Journal of Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/BF02872172","issn":"10009426","usgsCitation":"Peng, Z., Liu, J., Zhou, C., Nie, B., and Chen, T., 2006, Temporal variations of heavy metals in coral Porites lutea from Guangdong Province, China: Influences from industrial pollution, climate and economic factors: Chinese Journal of Geochemistry, v. 25, no. 2, p. 132-138, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02872172.","startPage":"132","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba52ee4b08c986b32088b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peng, Z.","contributorId":95598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhou, C.","contributorId":88466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nie, B.","contributorId":34709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nie","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chen, T.","contributorId":107836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028286,"text":"70028286 - 2006 - Mussel dynamics model: A hydroinformatics tool for analyzing the effects of different stressors on the dynamics of freshwater mussel communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028286","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mussel dynamics model: A hydroinformatics tool for analyzing the effects of different stressors on the dynamics of freshwater mussel communities","docAbstract":"A model for simulating freshwater mussel population dynamics is presented. The model is a hydroinformatics tool that integrates principles from ecology, river hydraulics, fluid mechanics and sediment transport, and applies the individual-based modelling approach for simulating population dynamics. The general model layout, data requirements, and steps of the simulation process are discussed. As an illustration, simulation results from an application in a 10 km reach of the Upper Mississippi River are presented. The model was used to investigate the spatial distribution of mussels and the effects of food competition in native unionid mussel communities, and communities infested by Dreissena polymorpha, the zebra mussel. Simulation results were found to be realistic and coincided with data obtained from the literature. These results indicate that the model can be a useful tool for assessing the potential effects of different stressors on long-term population dynamics, and consequently, may improve the current understanding of cause and effect relationships in freshwater mussel communities. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.03.018","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Morales, Y., Weber, L., Mynett, A., and Newton, T., 2006, Mussel dynamics model: A hydroinformatics tool for analyzing the effects of different stressors on the dynamics of freshwater mussel communities: Ecological Modelling, v. 197, no. 3-4, p. 448-460, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.03.018.","startPage":"448","endPage":"460","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210102,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.03.018"},{"id":236921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"197","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60dfe4b0c8380cd71713","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morales, Y.","contributorId":47961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morales","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weber, L.J.","contributorId":79988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mynett, A.E.","contributorId":31188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mynett","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newton, T.J.","contributorId":104428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028121,"text":"70028121 - 2006 - Time series and recurrence interval models to predict the vulnerability of streams to episodic acidification in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-06T13:51:05","indexId":"70028121","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time series and recurrence interval models to predict the vulnerability of streams to episodic acidification in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia","docAbstract":"

Acid rain affects headwater streams by temporarily reducing the acid‐neutralizing capacity (ANC) of the water, a process termed episodic acidification. The increase in acidic components in stream water can have deleterious effects on the aquatic biota. Although acidic deposition is uniform across Shenandoah National Park (SNP) in north central Virginia, the stream water quality response during rain events varies substantially. This response is a function of the catchment's underlying geology and topography. Geologic and topographic data for SNP's 231 catchments are readily available; however, long‐term measurements (tens of years) of ANC and accompanying discharge are not and would be prohibitively expensive to collect. Transfer function time series models were developed to predict hourly ANC from discharge for five SNP catchments with long‐term water‐quality and discharge records. Hourly ANC predictions over short time periods (≤1 week) were averaged, and distributions of the recurrence intervals of annual water‐year minimum ANC values were model‐simulated for periods of 6, 24, 72, and 168 hours. The distributions were extrapolated to the rest of the SNP catchments on the basis of catchment geology and topography. On the basis of the models, large numbers of SNP streams have 6‐ to 168‐hour periods of low‐ANC values, which may stress resident fish populations. Smaller catchments are more vulnerable to episodic acidification than larger catchments underlain by the same bedrock. Catchments with similar topography and size are more vulnerable if underlain by less basaltic/carbonate bedrock. Many catchments are predicted to have successive years of low‐ANC values potentially sufficient to extirpate some species.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004740","usgsCitation":"Deviney, F.A., Rice, K.C., and Hornberger, G., 2006, Time series and recurrence interval models to predict the vulnerability of streams to episodic acidification in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 9, Article W09405; 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004740.","productDescription":"Article W09405; 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477567,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005wr004740","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237016,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.20068359374999,\n 38.6275996886131\n ],\n [\n -78.1512451171875,\n 38.7283759182398\n ],\n [\n -78.12103271484375,\n 38.76693348394693\n ],\n [\n -78.1182861328125,\n 38.86109762182888\n ],\n [\n -78.19244384765625,\n 38.92522904714054\n ],\n [\n -78.25286865234375,\n 38.86965182408357\n ],\n [\n -78.24188232421875,\n 38.83756825896614\n ],\n [\n -78.30230712890624,\n 38.841846903808985\n ],\n [\n -78.3929443359375,\n 38.77121637244273\n ],\n [\n -78.4259033203125,\n 38.713375686254714\n ],\n [\n -78.3984375,\n 38.638327308061875\n ],\n [\n -78.4918212890625,\n 38.55031345037904\n ],\n [\n -78.5577392578125,\n 38.567495358827344\n ],\n [\n -78.59344482421875,\n 38.51378825951165\n ],\n [\n -78.55224609374999,\n 38.436379603\n ],\n [\n -78.607177734375,\n 38.41271038284709\n ],\n [\n -78.71429443359375,\n 38.33088431959971\n ],\n [\n -78.80218505859375,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -78.826904296875,\n 38.21012996629426\n ],\n [\n -78.82965087890625,\n 38.13239618602294\n ],\n [\n -78.82415771484375,\n 38.07404145941957\n ],\n [\n -78.70330810546875,\n 38.1237539824224\n ],\n [\n -78.695068359375,\n 38.201496974020806\n ],\n [\n -78.56597900390625,\n 38.28131307922966\n ],\n [\n -78.45611572265625,\n 38.34381037525605\n ],\n [\n -78.37921142578125,\n 38.371808917147554\n ],\n [\n -78.3544921875,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -78.31054687499999,\n 38.50948995925553\n ],\n [\n -78.23638916015625,\n 38.55031345037904\n ],\n [\n -78.23638916015625,\n 38.59326051987162\n ],\n [\n -78.20068359374999,\n 38.6275996886131\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}\n","volume":"42","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3b0e4b08c986b325f47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deviney, Frank A.","contributorId":22447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deviney","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":416642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hornberger, George M.","contributorId":63894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"George M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028287,"text":"70028287 - 2006 - Seismic properties of Leg 195 serpentinites and their geophysical implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-02T15:24:27","indexId":"70028287","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5640,"text":"Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results","onlineIssn":"1096-7451","printIssn":"0884-5891","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"195","chapter":"11","title":"Seismic properties of Leg 195 serpentinites and their geophysical implications","docAbstract":"

Knowledge of seismic velocities is necessary to constrain the lithologies encountered in seismic studies. We measured the seismic velocities, both compressional and shear wave, of clasts recovered during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 195 from a serpentine mud volcano, the South Chamorro Seamount. The compressional wave velocities of these clasts vary from a lower value of 5.5 km/s to an upper value of 6.1 km/s at a confining stress of 200 MPa. The shear wave velocities vary from a lower value of 2.8 km/s to an upper value of 3.3 km/s at a confining stress of 200 MPa. The densities of the samples vary from 2548 to 2701 kg/m3. These velocities and densities are representative of the highly serpentinized harzburgite and dunite mineralogy of the clasts. Velocities from a seismic study of the Izu-Bonin forearc wedge were used to calculate the degree of serpentinization in the forearc wedge. The seismic velocities of the forearc wedge are higher than the velocities of the clasts recovered from the South Chamorro Seamount, suggesting that the clasts are more serpentinized than the forearc wedge.

","language":"English","publisher":"Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University","publisherLocation":"College Station, TX","doi":"10.2973/odp.proc.sr.195.104.2004","usgsCitation":"Courtier, A.M., Hart, D.J., and Christensen, N.I., 2006, Seismic properties of Leg 195 serpentinites and their geophysical implications: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results 195, v. 195, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.195.104.2004.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"195","publicComments":"Volume topic: Seafloor Observatories and the Kuroshio Current: covering Leg 195 of the cruises of the Drilling Vessel JOIDES Resolution, Apra Harbor, Guam, to Keelung, Taiwan, Sites 1200-1202, 2 March-2 May 2001","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b3be4b08c986b3176b4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shinohara, Masanao","contributorId":81468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shinohara","given":"Masanao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730064,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Salisbury, Matthew H.","contributorId":31463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salisbury","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730065,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richter, Carl","contributorId":27861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richter","given":"Carl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730066,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Courtier, Anna M.","contributorId":75393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Courtier","given":"Anna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, David J.","contributorId":67580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christensen, Nikolas I.","contributorId":95927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Nikolas","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":7001,"text":"Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":417401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028120,"text":"70028120 - 2006 - Persistence of 10-year old Exxon Valdez oil on Gulf of Alaska beaches: The importance of boulder-armoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T12:21:51","indexId":"70028120","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistence of 10-year old Exxon Valdez oil on Gulf of Alaska beaches: The importance of boulder-armoring","docAbstract":"

Oil stranded as a result of the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill has persisted for >10 years at study sites on Gulf of Alaska shores distant from the spill's origin. These sites were contaminated by \"oil mousse\", which persists in these settings due to armoring of underlying sediments and their included oil beneath boulders. The boulder-armored beaches that we resampled in 1999 showed continued contamination by subsurface oil, despite their exposure to moderate to high wave energies. Significant declines in surface oil cover occurred at all study sites. In contrast, mousse has persisted under boulders in amounts similar to what was present in 1994 and probably in 1989. Especially striking is the general lack of weathering of this subsurface oil over the last decade. Oil at five of the six armored-beach sites 10 years after the spill is compositionally similar to 11-day old Exxon Valdez oil. Analysis of movements in the boulder-armor that covers the study beaches reveals that only minor shifts have occurred since 1994, suggesting that over the last five, and probably over the last 10 years, boulder-armors have remained largely unmoved at the study sites. These findings emphasize the importance of particular geomorphic parameters in determining stranded oil persistence. Surface armoring, combined with stranding of oil mousse, results in the unexpectedly lengthy persistence of only lightly to moderately weathered oil within otherwise high-energy wave environments.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.01.005","issn":"0025326X","usgsCitation":"Irvine, G.V., Mann, D.H., and Short, J.W., 2006, Persistence of 10-year old Exxon Valdez oil on Gulf of Alaska beaches: The importance of boulder-armoring: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 52, no. 9, p. 1011-1022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.01.005.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1011","endPage":"1022","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook Inlet, Gulf of Alaska, Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.91748046875,\n 56.18225387824831\n ],\n [\n -145.5908203125,\n 56.18225387824831\n ],\n [\n -145.5908203125,\n 61.7419302246182\n ],\n [\n -157.91748046875,\n 61.7419302246182\n ],\n [\n -157.91748046875,\n 56.18225387824831\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76e0e4b0c8380cd7836a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irvine, Gail V. girvine@usgs.gov","contributorId":2368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"Gail","email":"girvine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mann, Daniel H.","contributorId":67010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Short, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":26602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Short","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}