This study investigates patterns of plant diversity following wildfires in fire‐prone shrublands of California, seeks to understand those patterns in terms of both local and landscape factors, and considers the implications for fire management. Ninety study sites were established following extensive wildfires in 1993, and 1000‐m2 plots were used to sample a variety of parameters. Data on community responses were collected for five years following fire. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to relate plant species richness to plant abundance, fire severity, abiotic conditions, within‐plot heterogeneity, stand age, and position in the landscape. Temporal dynamics of average richness response was also modeled. Richness was highest in the first year following fire, indicating postfire enhancement of diversity. A general decline in richness over time was detected, with year‐to‐year variation attributable to annual variations in precipitation. Peak richness in the landscape was found where (1) plant abundance was moderately high, (2) within‐plot heterogeneity was high, (3) soils were moderately low in nitrogen, high in sand content, and with high rock cover, (4) fire severity was low, and (5) stands were young prior to fire. Many of these characteristics were correlated with position in the landscape and associated conditions. We infer from the SEM results that postfire richness in this system is strongly influenced by local conditions and that these conditions are, in turn, predictably related to landscape‐level conditions. For example, we observed that older stands of shrubs were characterized by more severe fires, which were associated with a low recovery of plant cover and low richness. These results may have implications for the use of prescribed fire in this system if these findings extrapolate to prescribed burns as we would expect.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0503:ASEMAO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Grace, J., and Keeley, J., 2006, A structural equation model analysis of postfire plant diversity in California shrublands: Ecological Applications, v. 16, p. 503-514, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0503:ASEMAO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"503","endPage":"514","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.6083984375,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n -121.904296875,\n 36.70365959719456\n ],\n [\n -120.498046875,\n 34.59704151614417\n ],\n [\n -118.43261718749999,\n 33.76088200086917\n ],\n [\n -117.2900390625,\n 32.58384932565662\n ],\n [\n -115.00488281250001,\n 32.58384932565662\n ],\n [\n -114.82910156249999,\n 32.95336814579932\n ],\n [\n -114.2578125,\n 34.05265942137599\n ],\n [\n -114.3896484375,\n 34.92197103616377\n ],\n [\n -118.6083984375,\n 37.996162679728116\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6274","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028802,"text":"70028802 - 2006 - Effects of human recreation on the incubation behavior of American Oystercatchers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028802","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of human recreation on the incubation behavior of American Oystercatchers","docAbstract":"Human recreational disturbance and its effects on wildlife demographics and behavior is an increasingly important area of research. We monitored the nesting success of American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) in coastal North Carolina in 2002 and 2003. We also used video monitoring at nests to measure the response of incubating birds to human recreation. We counted the number of trips per hour made by adult birds to and from the nest, and we calculated the percent time that adults spent incubating. We asked whether human recreational activities (truck, all-terrain vehicle [ATV], and pedestrian traffic) were correlated with parental behavioral patterns. Eleven a priori models of nest survival and behavioral covariates were evaluated using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) to see whether incubation behavior influenced nest survival. Factors associated with birds leaving their nests (n = 548) included ATV traffic (25%), truck traffic (17%), pedestrian traffic (4%), aggression with neighboring oystercatchers or paired birds exchanging incubation duties (26%), airplane traffic (1%) and unknown factors (29%). ATV traffic was positively associated with the rate of trips to and away from the nest (??1 = 0.749, P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with percent time spent incubating (??1 = -0.037, P = 0.025). Other forms of human recreation apparently had little effect on incubation behaviors. Nest survival models incorporating the frequency of trips by adults to and from the nest, and the percentage of time adults spent incubating, were somewhat supported in the AIC analyses. A low frequency of trips to and from the nest and, counter to expectations, low percent time spent incubating were associated with higher daily nest survival rates. These data suggest that changes in incubation behavior might be one mechanism by which human recreation affects the reproductive success of American Oystercatchers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1676/05-084.1","issn":"15594491","usgsCitation":"McGowan, C., and Simons, T., 2006, Effects of human recreation on the incubation behavior of American Oystercatchers: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 118, no. 4, p. 485-493, https://doi.org/10.1676/05-084.1.","startPage":"485","endPage":"493","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477411,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/240823","text":"External Repository"},{"id":210001,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1676/05-084.1"},{"id":236787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a071ae4b0c8380cd51566","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGowan, C.P.","contributorId":19760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGowan","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simons, T.R.","contributorId":56334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028355,"text":"70028355 - 2006 - Local thickening of the Cascadia forearc crust and the origin of seismic reflectors in the uppermost mantle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-09T15:13:21","indexId":"70028355","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Local thickening of the Cascadia forearc crust and the origin of seismic reflectors in the uppermost mantle","docAbstract":"Seismic reflection profiles from three different surveys of the Cascadia forearc are interpreted using P wave velocities and relocated hypocentres, which were both derived from the first arrival travel time inversion of wide-angle seismic data and local earthquakes. The subduction decollement, which is characterized beneath the continental shelf by a reflection of 0.5 s duration, can be traced landward into a large duplex structure in the lower forearc crust near southern Vancouver Island. Beneath Vancouver Island, the roof thrust of the duplex is revealed by a 5–12 km thick zone, identified previously as the E reflectors, and the floor thrust is defined by a short duration reflection from a < 2-km-thick interface at the top of the subducting plate. We show that another zone of reflectors exists east of Vancouver Island that is approximately 8 km thick, and identified as the D reflectors. These overlie the E reflectors; together the two zones define the landward part of the duplex. The combined zones reach depths as great as 50 km. The duplex structure extends for more than 120 km perpendicular to the margin, has an along-strike extent of 80 km, and at depths between 30 km and 50 km the duplex structure correlates with a region of anomalously deep seismicity, where velocities are less than 7000 m s− 1. We suggest that these relatively low velocities indicate the presence of either crustal rocks from the oceanic plate that have been underplated to the continent or crustal rocks from the forearc that have been transported downward by subduction erosion. The absence of seismicity from within the E reflectors implies that they are significantly weaker than the overlying crust, and the reflectors may be a zone of active ductile shear. In contrast, seismicity in parts of the D reflectors can be interpreted to mean that ductile shearing no longer occurs in the landward part of the duplex. Merging of the D and E reflectors at 42–46 km depth creates reflectivity in the uppermost mantle with a vertical thickness of at least 15 km. We suggest that pervasive reflectivity in the upper mantle elsewhere beneath Puget Sound and the Strait of Georgia arises from similar shear zones.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.021","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Calvert, A., Ramachandran, K., Kao, H., and Fisher, M.A., 2006, Local thickening of the Cascadia forearc crust and the origin of seismic reflectors in the uppermost mantle: Tectonophysics, v. 420, no. 1-2, p. 175-188, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.021.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"188","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210159,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.021"},{"id":236995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Cascadia forearc","volume":"420","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a48e7e4b0c8380cd681fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calvert, A.J.","contributorId":16614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramachandran, K.","contributorId":71735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramachandran","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kao, H.","contributorId":53585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kao","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, M. A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028549,"text":"70028549 - 2006 - Macroinvertebrate assemblage recovery following a catastrophic flood and debris flows in an Appalachian mountain stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028549","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Macroinvertebrate assemblage recovery following a catastrophic flood and debris flows in an Appalachian mountain stream","docAbstract":"In June 1995, heavy rains caused severe flooding and massive debris flows on the Staunton River, a 3rd-order stream in the Blue Ridge Mountains (Virginia, USA). Scouring caused the loss of the riparian zone and repositioned the stream channel of the lower 2.1 km of the stream. Between 1998 and 2001, we conducted seasonal macroinvertebrate surveys at sites on the Staunton River and on White Oak Canyon Run, a reference stream of similar size and geology that was relatively unaffected by the flood. Our study was designed to determine the extent to which flood-induced changes to the stream channel and riparian habitats caused long-term changes to macroinvertebrate community structure and composition. Sites within the impacted zone of the Staunton River supported diverse stable benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages 3 y after the flood despite dramatic and persistent changes in environmental factors known to be important controls on stream ecosystem function. However, significant differences in total macroinvertebrate density and trophic structure could be attributed to the flood. In autumn, densities of most feeding guilds, including shredders, were higher at impacted-zone sites than at all other sites, suggesting higher overall productivity in the impacted zone. Higher shredder density in the impacted zone was surprising in light of expected decreases in leaf-litter inputs because of removal of riparian forests. In contrast, in spring, we observed density differences in only one feeding guild, scrapers, which showed higher densities at impacted-zone sites than at all other sites. This result conformed to a priori expectations that reduced shading in the impacted zone would lead to increased light and higher instream primary production. We attribute the seasonal differences in trophic structure to the effects of increased temperatures on food quality and to the relationship between the timing of our sampling and the emergence patterns of important taxa. ?? 2006 by The North American Benthological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1899/0887-3593(2006)025[0825:MARFAC]2.0.CO;2","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Snyder, C., and Johnson, Z., 2006, Macroinvertebrate assemblage recovery following a catastrophic flood and debris flows in an Appalachian mountain stream: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 25, no. 4, p. 825-840, https://doi.org/10.1899/0887-3593(2006)025[0825:MARFAC]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"825","endPage":"840","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209970,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/0887-3593(2006)025[0825:MARFAC]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b19e4b0c8380cd692b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, C.D.","contributorId":73540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Z.B.","contributorId":67277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Z.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028898,"text":"70028898 - 2006 - Abundance and distribution of selected elements in soils, stream sediments, and selected forage plants from desert tortoise habitats in the Mojave and Colorado deserts, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70028898","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abundance and distribution of selected elements in soils, stream sediments, and selected forage plants from desert tortoise habitats in the Mojave and Colorado deserts, USA","docAbstract":"A baseline and background chemical survey was conducted in southeastern California, USA, to identify potential sources of toxicants in natural and anthropogenically-altered habitats of the threatened desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). Soil, stream sediment, and plant samples were collected from six tortoise habitat study areas in the Mojave and Colorado deserts and analysed for up to 66 different elements. The chemical analyses provided new information on the abundances and distributions of selected elements in this region. Soil, stream-sediment, and plant analyses showed distinct variations in bulk chemistries from locality to locality. Variations were, in general, consistent with the many types of exposed rock units in the region, their highly variable bulk mineralogies, and chemical contents. Of elements in soils that might have been toxic to tortoises, only As seemed to be anomalous region-wide. Some soil and plant anomalies were clearly anthropogenic. In the Rand and Atolia mining districts, soil anomalies for As, Au, Cd, Hg, Sb, and(or) W and plant anomalies for As, Sb, and(or) W extend as far as ???15 km outward from the present area of mining; soils containing anomalous Hg were found at least 6 km away from old piles of tailings. The anomalous concentrations of As and Hg may have been the source of elevated levels of these elements found in ill tortoises from the region. In the Goldstone mining district, soil anomalies extended several km from the mining area. These areas probably represented anthropogenic surface contamination of dust redistributed by wind, vehicles, and rainfall. One of two study areas transected by a paved road (Chemehuevi Valley) showed weakly elevated levels of Pb, which extended as far as ???22 m from the pavement edge and were probably related to vehicle exhaust. No soil or plant samples from historically used military areas (Goldstone, Goffs, Chemehuevi Valley, Chuckwalla Bench) contained anomalous concentrations of the elements As, Cu, Cr, Fe, Pb, or Zn that could be ascribed to military maneuvers, vehicles, or ordnance. For future studies, the distribution and abundance of elements in the tortoise forage plants need to be evaluated for the respective roles of dust and systemic uptake. Additional chemical data from tortoise necropsies and nutritional studies are needed to determine the effects of potentially toxic elements in tortoise habitats on their health. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.018","issn":"01401963","usgsCitation":"Chaffee, M., and Berry, K., 2006, Abundance and distribution of selected elements in soils, stream sediments, and selected forage plants from desert tortoise habitats in the Mojave and Colorado deserts, USA: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 67, no. SUPPL., p. 35-87, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.018.","startPage":"35","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"53","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209906,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.018"},{"id":236656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"SUPPL.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e659e4b0c8380cd47365","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaffee, M.A.","contributorId":108049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaffee","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, K.H.","contributorId":17934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028514,"text":"70028514 - 2006 - Feasibility of an implantable capsule for limiting lifespan of grass carp","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028514","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2180,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Plant Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feasibility of an implantable capsule for limiting lifespan of grass carp","docAbstract":"The grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is an herbivorous cyprinid stocked to control undesirable aquatic vegetation. However, stocking grass carp presents several problems including complete eradication of submersed aquatic vegetation, dispersal out of the target area, adverse effects on fish communities, and damage to waterfowl habitat and native vegetation. The purpose of this research was to consider the feasibility of an implantable capsule for limiting the lifespan of grass carp. Stainless steel dowel pins were inserted into 49 fish to identify the most appropriate site to implant the capsule. The throat region along the body's longitudinal axis was identified as the most suitable location because it resulted in minimal loss over an 8-month holding period. Rotenone solutions were injected into the ventral surface between the pelvic fins to determine the lethal dosage to 95% of the population (LD 95). The LD95 for grass carp increased curvilin-early with fish weight. Four polymers that merit further evaluation in constructing the capsule are poly[bis(p-carboxyphenoxy) propane anhydride], poly[bis(p- carboxyphenoxy) hexane anhydride], poly-1-lactide, and poly(??-caprolactone) . Implants are commonly used to deliver pharmaceutical products in medical and veterinarian applications, and have been used in fish. Developing a bioerodible capsule could increase the safety and flexibility of stocking grass carp for control of aquatic plants, and may also be applicable for management of other exotic species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Aquatic Plant Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01466623","usgsCitation":"Thomas, R., Miranda, L., and Kirk, J., 2006, Feasibility of an implantable capsule for limiting lifespan of grass carp: Journal of Aquatic Plant Management, v. 44, no. JULY, p. 80-89.","startPage":"80","endPage":"89","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"JULY","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f37e4b0c8380cd5380f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, R.M.","contributorId":87736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miranda, L.E.","contributorId":58406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"L.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirk, J.P.","contributorId":99744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":76779,"text":"ofr20061033 - 2006 - Use of NEXRAD to study shorebird migration in the Prairie Pothole region: A feasibility study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T14:46:01","indexId":"ofr20061033","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-1033","title":"Use of NEXRAD to study shorebird migration in the Prairie Pothole region: A feasibility study","docAbstract":"An essential component of shorebird conservation is identifying, protecting, and managing high-priority stopover sites and migration habitats crucial to the long-term persistence of migrating shorebirds. Because of the tremendous variability in migrant shorebird occurrence patterns in the Prairie Pothole Region of the U.S. (Skagen 1997), it is labor- and cost-intensive to locate the majority of sites used heavily by shorebirds in any one migration period. Because WSR-88D (Weather Surveillance Radar – 1988 Doppler) or NEXRAD (NEXt generation weather RADar) has been useful for locating migrating birds and revealing migration patterns and important roosting sites of some species (e.g., Diehl and others 2003, Gauthreaux and Belser 2003), we undertook a pilot field study to determine wheTHER it also might be feasible to use NEXRAD for locating important stopover sites used by migrating shorebirds in the prairie potholes landscape. Coordinated efforts to advance the applicability of radar technology to bird conservation are underway (Ruth and others 2005).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20061033","usgsCitation":"Melcher, C.P., Skagen, S.K., and Randall, L., 2006, Use of NEXRAD to study shorebird migration in the Prairie Pothole region: A feasibility study: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1033, Report: iii, 8 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20061033.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 8 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190679,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20061033.PNG"},{"id":320241,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1033/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":320242,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1033/appendix.ppt"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6051ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Melcher, Cynthia P. 0000-0002-8044-9689 melcherc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8044-9689","contributorId":5094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melcher","given":"Cynthia","email":"melcherc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":287885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skagen, Susan K. 0000-0002-6744-1244 skagens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-1244","contributorId":2009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skagen","given":"Susan","email":"skagens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":287884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Randall, Lori 0000-0003-0100-994X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0100-994X","contributorId":10879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"Lori","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":287886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79168,"text":"sir20065151 - 2006 - Water quality of the Crescent River basin, Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Alaska, 2003-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-07T18:17:03","indexId":"sir20065151","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5151","title":"Water quality of the Crescent River basin, Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Alaska, 2003-2004","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service conducted a water-quality investigation of the Crescent River Basin in Lake Clark National Park and Preserve from May 2003 through September 2004. The Crescent River Basin was studied because it has a productive sockeye salmon run that is important to the Cook Inlet commercial fishing industry. Water-quality, biology, and limnology characteristics were assessed. Glacier-fed streams that flow into Crescent Lake transport suspended sediment that is trapped by the lake. Suspended sediment concentrations from the Lake Fork Crescent River (the outlet stream of Crescent Lake) were less than 10 milligrams per liter, indicating a high trapping efficiency of Crescent Lake. The North Fork Crescent River transports suspended sediment throughout its course and provides most of the suspended sediment to the main stem of the Crescent River downstream from the confluence of the Lake Fork Crescent River. Three locations on Crescent Lake were profiled during the summer of 2004. Turbidity profiles indicate sediment plumes within the water column at various times during the summer. Turbidity values are higher in June, reflecting the glacier-fed runoff into the lake. Lower values of turbidity in August and September indicate a decrease of suspended sediment entering Crescent Lake. The water type throughout the Crescent River Basin is calcium bicarbonate. Concentrations of nutrients, major ions, and dissolved organic carbon are low. Alkalinity concentrations are generally less than 20 milligrams per liter, indicating a low buffering capacity of these waters. Streambed sediments collected from three surface sites analyzed for trace elements indicated that copper concentrations at all sites were above proposed guidelines. However, copper concentrations are due to the local geology, not anthropogenic factors. Zooplankton samples from Crescent Lake indicated the main taxa are Cyclops sp., a Copepod, and within that taxa were a relatively small number of ovigerous (egg-bearing) individuals. Cyclops sp. are one of the primary food sources for rearing sockeye salmon juveniles and were most prevalent in the July sampling. Qualitative-Multi-Habitat algae samples were collected from two surface-water sites. A total of 59 taxa were found and were comprised of 4 phyla: Rhodophyta (red algae), Cyanophyta (blue-green algae), Chlorophyta (green algae), and Chrysophyta (diatoms). Twenty-two algal taxa were collected from the upper site, North Fork Crescent River, whereas twice as many taxa were collected from the downstream site, Crescent River near the mouth.
","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/sir20065151","usgsCitation":"Brabets, T.P., and Ourso, R.T., 2006, Water quality of the Crescent River basin, Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Alaska, 2003-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5151, v, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065151.","productDescription":"v, 40 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"0","numberOfPages":"45","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8623,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5151/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.15167236328125,\n 59.80616004020659\n ],\n [\n -155.15167236328125,\n 60.50187784207829\n ],\n [\n -153.402099609375,\n 60.50187784207829\n ],\n [\n -153.402099609375,\n 59.80616004020659\n ],\n [\n -155.15167236328125,\n 59.80616004020659\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606486","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabets, Timothy P. tbrabets@usgs.gov","contributorId":2087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"Timothy","email":"tbrabets@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":289278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ourso, Robert T. 0000-0002-5952-8681 rtourso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5952-8681","contributorId":203207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ourso","given":"Robert","email":"rtourso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174745,"text":"70174745 - 2006 - Riparian willow restoration at Arapaho National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-15T09:16:32","indexId":"70174745","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5140,"text":"The Green Line, Colorado Riparian Association Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Riparian willow restoration at Arapaho National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"Riparian willow communities along the Illinois River at Arapaho National Wildlife Refuge in North Park near Walden, Colorado, provide important habitat for a number of wildlife species, including neotropical migratory birds. Existing stands in the northern (downstream) portion of the refuge are sparse and discontinuous (Photo 1) compared to upstream portions of the Illinois River and the parallel Michigan River.
","language":"English","publisher":"Colorado Riparian Association","usgsCitation":"Auble, G., Roelle, J., and TImberman, A., 2006, Riparian willow restoration at Arapaho National Wildlife Refuge: The Green Line, Colorado Riparian Association Newsletter, v. 17, no. 4, p. 1-5.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325297,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://coloradoriparian.org/riparian-willow-restoration-at-arapaho-national-wildlife-refuge/"},{"id":325298,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578a0932e4b0c1aacab7d436","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auble, G.T.","contributorId":19505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roelle, J. E.","contributorId":88292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"TImberman, A.","contributorId":172914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"TImberman","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70182546,"text":"70182546 - 2006 - Remotely sensed data available from the US Geological Survey EROS Data Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T11:10:09","indexId":"70182546","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Remotely sensed data available from the US Geological Survey EROS Data Center","docAbstract":"The Center for Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) is a field center of the geography discipline within the US geological survey (USGS) of the Department of the Interior. The EROS Data Center (EDC) was established in the early 1970s as the nation’s principal archive of remotely sensed data. Initially the EDC was responsible for the archive, reproduction, and distribution of black-and-white and color-infrared aerial photography acquired under numerous mapping programs conducted by various Federal agencies including the USGS, Department of Agriculture, Environmental Protection Agency, and NASA. The EDC was also designated the central archive for data acquired by the first satellite sensor designed for broad-scale earth observations in support of civilian agency needs for earth resource information. A four-band multispectral scanner (MSS) and a return-beam vidicon (RBV) camera were initially flown on the Earth Resources Technology Satellite-1, subsequently designated Landsat-1. The synoptic coverage, moderate spatial resolution, and multi-spectral view provided by these data stimulated scientists with an unprecedented perspective from which to study the Earth’s surface and to understand the relationships between human activity and natural systems.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth science satellite remote sensing— Data, computational processing, and tools","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Berlin, Germany ","usgsCitation":"Dwyer, J.L., 2006, Remotely sensed data available from the US Geological Survey EROS Data Center, chap. of Earth science satellite remote sensing— Data, computational processing, and tools, p. 18-51.","productDescription":"32 p. ","startPage":"18","endPage":"51","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336201,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b1543fe4b01ccd54fc5ebd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Qu, J.J.","contributorId":182468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Qu","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671525,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gao, W.","contributorId":42031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gao","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671526,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kafatos, M.","contributorId":23753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kafatos","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671527,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murphy, R.E.","contributorId":182469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671528,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Salomonson, V.V.","contributorId":61968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salomonson","given":"V.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671529,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Dwyer, John L. 0000-0002-8281-0896","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-0896","contributorId":6136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1015171,"text":"1015171 - 2006 - Migration stopovers and the conservation of arctic-breeding Calidrine sandpipers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T13:20:39","indexId":"1015171","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migration stopovers and the conservation of arctic-breeding Calidrine sandpipers","docAbstract":"Long-distance migration, one of the most physically demanding events in the animal kingdom, is well developed in many species of Charadriidae and Scolopacidae. Some shorebirds renowned for their extraordinary long-distance migrations, notably American Golden-Plover (Pluvialis dominica), Red Knot (Calidris canutus rufa), and White-rumped Sandpiper (C. fuscicollis), travel as many as 15,000 km between southern South American wintering grounds and Canadian Arctic breeding areas. Migration strategies of shorebirds vary in many aspects. There are remarkable accounts of shorebirds, such as northbound Red Knots, that stage in a few key sites for 2–3 weeks and lay on extensive body stores, then fly nonstop for distances of ≤2,500 km (Harrington 2001, Piersma et al. 2005). Less well known are the examples of populations that refuel only briefly at stopover sites, disperse broadly on the landscape, and fly shorter distances between sites (Skagen 1997, Haig et al. 1998, Warnock et al. 1998). This latter pattern applies to many long-distance migrant shorebirds that cross the interior plains of North America during spring and fall migrations. For them, interior wetland complexes provide critical refueling resources along the direct routes between summering and wintering grounds (Skagen et al. 1999). In this issue of The Auk, Krapu et al. (2006) describe patterns and implications of fat deposition by Semipalmated Sandpipers (C. pusilla), White-rumped Sandpipers, and Baird's Sandpipers (C. bairdii) refueling during northward migration across the prairies of mid-continental North America.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[313:MSATCO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Skagen, S.K., 2006, Migration stopovers and the conservation of arctic-breeding Calidrine sandpipers: The Auk, v. 123, no. 2, p. 313-322, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[313:MSATCO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"322","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477569,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[313:msatco]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635556","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skagen, Susan K. 0000-0002-6744-1244 skagens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-1244","contributorId":2009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skagen","given":"Susan","email":"skagens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":322418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1015173,"text":"1015173 - 2006 - Species richness and patterns of invasion in plants, birds, and fishes in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-27T10:46:58","indexId":"1015173","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Species richness and patterns of invasion in plants, birds, and fishes in the United States","docAbstract":"We quantified broad-scale patterns of species richness and species density (mean # species/km2) for native and non-indigenous plants, birds, and fishes in the continental USA and Hawaii. We hypothesized that the species density of native and non-indigenous taxa would generally decrease in northern latitudes and higher elevations following declines in potential evapotranspiration, mean temperature, and precipitation. County data on plants (n = 3004 counties) and birds (n=3074 counties), and drainage (6 HUC) data on fishes (n = 328 drainages) showed that the densities of native and non-indigenous species were strongly positively correlated for plant species (r = 0.86, P < 0.0001), bird species (r = 0.93, P<0.0001), and fish species (r = 0.41, P<0.0001). Multiple regression models showed that the densities of native plant and bird species could be strongly predicted (adj. R2 = 0.66 in both models) at county levels, but fish species densities were less predictable at drainage levels (adj. R2 = 0.31,P<0.0001). Similarly, non-indigenous plant and bird species densities were strongly predictable (adj. R2 = 0.84 and 0.91 respectively), but non-indigenous fish species density was less predictable (adj. R2 = 0.38). County level hotspots of native and non-indigenous plants, birds, and fishes were located in low elevation areas close to the coast with high precipitation and productivity (vegetation carbon). We show that (1) native species richness can be moderately well predicted with abiotic factors; (2) human populations have tended to settle in areas rich in native species; and (3) the richness and density of non-indigenous plant, bird, and fish species can be accurately predicted from biotic and abiotic factors largely because they are positively correlated to native species densities. We conclude that while humans facilitate the initial establishment, invasions of non-indigenous species, the spread and subsequent distributions of non-indigenous species may be controlled largely by environmental factors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10530-005-6422-0","usgsCitation":"Stohlgren, T.J., Barnett, D., Flather, C., Fuller, P.L., Peterjohn, B.G., Kartesz, J., and Master, L.L., 2006, Species richness and patterns of invasion in plants, birds, and fishes in the United States: Biological Invasions, v. 8, no. 3, p. 427-447, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-005-6422-0.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"427","endPage":"447","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634fce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stohlgren, Thomas J. 0000-0001-9696-4450 stohlgrent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-4450","contributorId":2902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"Thomas","email":"stohlgrent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnett, David","contributorId":174944,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnett","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flather, Curtis","contributorId":104779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flather","given":"Curtis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuller, Pamela L. 0000-0002-9389-9144 pfuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9389-9144","contributorId":3217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Pamela","email":"pfuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":322422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peterjohn, Bruce G. bpeterjohn@usgs.gov","contributorId":4493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterjohn","given":"Bruce","email":"bpeterjohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":322425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kartesz, John","contributorId":11132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kartesz","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Master, Lawrence L.","contributorId":174945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Master","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":1015174,"text":"1015174 - 2006 - Stakeholder opinions regarding management of Conservation Reserve Program lands to address environmental and wildlife issues","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-01T16:30:08","indexId":"1015174","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1909,"text":"Human Dimensions of Wildlife","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stakeholder opinions regarding management of Conservation Reserve Program lands to address environmental and wildlife issues","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
The water resources of the western United States depend heavily on snowpack to store part of the wintertime precipitation into the drier summer months. A well-documented shift toward earlier runoff in recent decades has been attributed to 1) more precipitation falling as rain instead of snow and 2) earlier snowmelt. The present study addresses the former, documenting a regional trend toward smaller ratios of winter-total snowfall water equivalent (SFE) to winter-total precipitation (P) during the period 1949-2004. The trends toward reduce d SFE are a response to warming across the region, with the most significant reductions occurring where winter wet-day minimum temperatures, averaged over the study period, were warmer than -5??C. Most SFE reductions were associated with winter wet-day temperature increases between 0?? and +3??C over the study period. Warmings larger than this occurred mainly at sites where the mean temperatures were cool enough that the precipitation form was less susceptible to warming trends. The trends toward reduced SFE/P ratios w ere most pronounced in March regionwide and in January near the West Coast, corresponding, to widespread warming in these months. While mean temperatures in March were sufficiently high to allow the warming, trend to produce SFE/P declines across the study region, mean January temperatures were cooler. with the result that January SFE/P impacts were restricted to the lower elevations near the West Coast. Extending the analysis back to 1920 sho ws that although the trends presented here may be partially attributable to interdecadal climate variability associated with the Pacific decadal oscillation. they also appear to result from still longer-term climate shifts.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/JCLI3850.1","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Knowles, N., Dettinger, M.D., and Cayan, D., 2006, Trends in snowfall versus rainfall in the western United States: Journal of Climate, v. 19, no. 18, p. 4545-4559, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3850.1.","startPage":"4545","endPage":"4559","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477609,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli3850.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237172,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210294,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3850.1"}],"volume":"19","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb804e4b08c986b32760d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knowles, N.","contributorId":61212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":417760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":417758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028383,"text":"70028383 - 2006 - Stochastic uncertainty analysis for unconfined flow systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T12:01:36","indexId":"70028383","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stochastic uncertainty analysis for unconfined flow systems","docAbstract":"A new stochastic approach proposed by Zhang and Lu (2004), called the Karhunen‐Loeve decomposition‐based moment equation (KLME), has been extended to solving nonlinear, unconfined flow problems in randomly heterogeneous aquifers. This approach is on the basis of an innovative combination of Karhunen‐Loeve decomposition, polynomial expansion, and perturbation methods. The random log‐transformed hydraulic conductivity field (lnKS) is first expanded into a series in terms of orthogonal Gaussian standard random variables with their coefficients obtained as the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the covariance function of lnKS. Next, head h is decomposed as a perturbation expansion series Σh(m), where h(m) represents the mth‐order head term with respect to the standard deviation of lnKS. Then h(m) is further expanded into a polynomial series of m products of orthogonal Gaussian standard random variables whose coefficients hi1,i2,...,im(m) are deterministic and solved sequentially from low to high expansion orders using MODFLOW‐2000. Finally, the statistics of head and flux are computed using simple algebraic operations on hi1,i2,...,im(m). A series of numerical test results in 2‐D and 3‐D unconfined flow systems indicated that the KLME approach is effective in estimating the mean and (co)variance of both heads and fluxes and requires much less computational effort as compared to the traditional Monte Carlo simulation technique.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004766","usgsCitation":"Liu, G., Zhang, D., and Lu, Z., 2006, Stochastic uncertainty analysis for unconfined flow systems: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 9, Article W09412; 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004766.","productDescription":"Article W09412; 18 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477501,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005wr004766","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9855e4b08c986b31bf9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Gaisheng","contributorId":15158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Gaisheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Dongxiao","contributorId":26409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Dongxiao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lu, Zhiming","contributorId":174148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhiming","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028381,"text":"70028381 - 2006 - Evidence for a polar ethane cloud on Titan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028381","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for a polar ethane cloud on Titan","docAbstract":"Spectra from Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer reveal the presence of a vast tropospheric cloud on Titan at latitudes 51?? to 68?? north and all longitudes observed (10?? to 190?? west). The derived characteristics indicate that this cloud is composed of ethane and forms as a result of stratospheric subsidence and the particularly cool conditions near the moon's north pole. Preferential condensation of ethane, perhaps as ice, at Titan's poles during the winters may partially explain the lack of liquid ethane oceans on Titan's surface at middle and lower latitudes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.1128245","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Griffith, C., Penteado, P., Rannou, P., Brown, R., Boudon, V., Baines, K.H., Clark, R., Drossart, P., Buratti, B., Nicholson, P., McKay, C., Coustenis, A., Negrao, A., and Jaumann, R., 2006, Evidence for a polar ethane cloud on Titan: Science, v. 313, no. 5793, p. 1620-1622, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1128245.","startPage":"1620","endPage":"1622","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210028,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1128245"}],"volume":"313","issue":"5793","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d30e4b0c8380cd52e7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffith, C.A.","contributorId":10141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Penteado, P.","contributorId":105109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Penteado","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rannou, P.","contributorId":19761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rannou","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, R.","contributorId":101419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boudon, V.","contributorId":23745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boudon","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Clark, R.","contributorId":100780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Drossart, P.","contributorId":29574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drossart","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Buratti, B.","contributorId":51433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Nicholson, P.","contributorId":24550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"McKay, C.P.","contributorId":41122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKay","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Coustenis, A.","contributorId":11398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coustenis","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Negrao, A.","contributorId":52777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Negrao","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70028059,"text":"70028059 - 2006 - Relationship between quartz trace elements and SEM-Cathodoluminescence textures revealed using WDS mapping techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70028059","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Relationship between quartz trace elements and SEM-Cathodoluminescence textures revealed using WDS mapping techniques","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","language":"English","doi":"10.1017/S1431927606160365","issn":"14319276","usgsCitation":"Lowers, H., and Rusk, B., 2006, Relationship between quartz trace elements and SEM-Cathodoluminescence textures revealed using WDS mapping techniques, in Microscopy and Microanalysis, v. 12, no. SUPPL. 2, p. 56-57, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927606160365.","startPage":"56","endPage":"57","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210226,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1431927606160365"},{"id":237085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"SUPPL. 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a73ae4b0e8fec6cdc413","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowers, H.A. 0000-0001-5360-9264","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":31843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"H.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rusk, B.G.","contributorId":48667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rusk","given":"B.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028373,"text":"70028373 - 2006 - Association of the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake and seismicity near Summervile with a 12º bend in the East Coast fault system and triple-fault junctions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-20T08:50:35","indexId":"70028373","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3443,"text":"Southeastern Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Association of the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake and seismicity near Summervile with a 12º bend in the East Coast fault system and triple-fault junctions","docAbstract":"Seismic-reflection data were integrated with other geophysical, geologic, and seismicity data to better determine the location and nature of buried faults in the Charleston, South Carolina, region. Our results indicate that the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake and seismicity near Summerville are related to local stresses caused by a 12?? bend in the East Coast fault system (ECFS) and two triple-fault junctions. One triple junction is formed by the intersection of the northwest-trending Ashley River fault with the two segments of the ECFS north and south of the bend. The other triple junction is formed by the intersection of the northeast-trending Summerville fault and a newly discovered northwest-trending Berkeley fault with the ECFS about 10 km north of the bend. The Summerville fault is a northwest-dipping border fault of the Triassic-age Jedburg basin that is undergoing reverse-style reactivation. This reverse-style reactivation is unusual because the Summerville fault parallels the regional stress field axis, suggesting that the reactivation is from stresses applied by dextral motion on the ECFS. The southwest-dip and reverse-type motion of the Berkeley fault are interpreted from seismicity data and a seismic-reflection profile in the western part of the study area. Our results also indicate that the East Coast fault system is a Paleozoic basement fault and that its reactivation since early Mesozoic time has fractured through the overlying allochthonous terranes.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00383678","usgsCitation":"Marple, R., and Miller, R., 2006, Association of the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake and seismicity near Summervile with a 12º bend in the East Coast fault system and triple-fault junctions: Southeastern Geology, v. 44, no. 3, p. 101-127.","startPage":"101","endPage":"127","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee92e4b0c8380cd49e26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marple, R.","contributorId":62819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marple","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R.","contributorId":19118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028187,"text":"70028187 - 2006 - Abrupt transitions during sustained explosive eruptions: Examples from the 1912 eruption of Novarupta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-03T18:23:13","indexId":"70028187","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abrupt transitions during sustained explosive eruptions: Examples from the 1912 eruption of Novarupta, Alaska","docAbstract":"Plinian/ignimbrite activity stopped briefly and abruptly 16 and 45 h after commencement of the 1912 Novarupta eruption defining three episodes of explosive volcanism before finally giving way after 60 h to effusion of lava domes. We focus here on the processes leading to the termination of the second and third of these three episodes. Early erupted pumice from both episodes show a very similar range in bulk vesicularity, but the modal values markedly decrease and the vesicularity range widens toward the end of Episode III. Clasts erupted at the end of each episode represent textural extremes; at the end of Episode II, clasts have very thin glass walls and a predominance of large bubbles, whereas at the end of Episode III, clasts have thick interstices and more small bubbles. Quantitatively, all clasts have very similar vesicle size distributions which show a division in the bubble population at 30 ??m vesicle diameter and cumulative number densities ranging from 107-109 cm-3. Patterns seen in histograms of volume fraction and the trends in the vesicle size data can be explained by coalescence signatures superimposed on an interval of prolonged nucleation and free growth of bubbles. Compared to experimental data for bubble growth in silicic melts, the high 1912 number densities suggest homogeneous nucleation was a significant if not dominant mechanism of bubble nucleation in the dacitic magma. The most distinct clast populations occurred toward the end of Plinian activity preceding effusive dome growth. Distributions skewed toward small sizes, thick walls, and teardrop vesicle shapes are indicative of bubble wall collapse marking maturation of the melt and onset of processes of outgassing. The data suggest that the superficially similar pauses in the 1912 eruption which marked the ends of episodes II and III had very different causes. Through Episode III, the trend in vesicle size data reflects a progressive shift in the degassing process from rapid magma ascent and coupled gas exsolution to slower ascent with partial open-system outgassing as a precursor to effusive dome growth. No such trend is visible in the Episode II clast assemblages; we suggest that external changes involving failure of the conduit/vent walls are more likely to have effected the break in explosive activity at 45 h. ?? Springer-Verlag 2006.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00445-006-0067-4","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Adams, N., Houghton, B.F., and Hildreth, W., 2006, Abrupt transitions during sustained explosive eruptions: Examples from the 1912 eruption of Novarupta, Alaska: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 69, no. 2, p. 189-206, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-006-0067-4.","startPage":"189","endPage":"206","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210153,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-006-0067-4"}],"volume":"69","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e647e4b0c8380cd472ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, N.K.","contributorId":83729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"N.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houghton, Bruce F. 0000-0002-7532-9770","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-9770","contributorId":140077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houghton","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13351,"text":"University of Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":416956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hildreth, W. 0000-0002-7925-4251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":100487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1003987,"text":"1003987 - 2006 - Wetland environmental conditions associated with the risk of avian cholera outbreaks and the abundance of Pasteurella multocida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-21T11:22:08","indexId":"1003987","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wetland environmental conditions associated with the risk of avian cholera outbreaks and the abundance of Pasteurella multocida","docAbstract":"Avian cholera is a significant infectious disease affecting waterfowl across North America and occurs worldwide among various avian species. Despite the importance of this disease, little is known about the factors that cause avian cholera outbreaks and what management strategies might be used to reduce disease mortality. Previous studies indicated that wetland water conditions may affect survival and transmission of Pasteurella multocida, the agent that causes avian cholera. These studies hypothesized that water conditions affect the likelihood that avian cholera outbreaks will occur in specific wetlands. To test these predictions, we collected data from avian cholera outbreak and non-outbreak (control) wetlands throughout North America (wintera??spring 1995a??1996 to 1998a??1999) to evaluate whether water conditions were associated with outbreaks. Conditional logistic regression analysis on paired outbreak and non-outbreak wetlands indicated no significant association between water conditions and the risk of avian cholera outbreaks. For wetlands where avian cholera outbreaks occurred, linear regression showed that increased eutrophic nutrient concentrations (Potassium [K], nitrate [NO3], phosphorus [P], and phosphate [PO3]) were positively related to the abundance of P. multocida recovered from water and sediment samples. Wetland protein concentration and an El Ni??o event were also associated with P. multocida abundance. Our results indicate that wetland water conditions are not strongly associated with the risk of avian cholera outbreaks; however, some variables may play a role in the abundance of P. multocida bacteria and might be important in reducing the severity of avian cholera outbreaks.
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For both bodies, VIMS maps over time and solar phase angles provide information for a multitude of atmospheric constituents and aerosol layers, providing new insights into atmospheric structure and dynamical and chemical processes. For Saturn, salient early results include evidence for phosphine depletion in relatively dark and less cloudy belts at temperate and mid-latitudes compared to the relatively bright and cloudier Equatorial Region, consistent with traditional theories of belts being regions of relative downwelling. Additional Saturn results include (1) the mapping of enhanced trace gas absorptions at the south pole, and (2) the first high phase-angle, high-spatial-resolution imagery of CH4 fluorescence. An additional fundamental new result is the first nighttime near-infrared mapping of Saturn, clearly showing discrete meteorological features relatively deep in the atmosphere beneath the planet's sunlit haze and cloud layers, thus revealing a new dynamical regime at depth where vertical dynamics is relatively more important than zonal dynamics in determining cloud morphology. Zonal wind measurements at deeper levels than previously available are achieved by tracking these features over multiple days, thereby providing measurements of zonal wind shears within Saturn's troposphere when compared to cloudtop movements measured in reflected sunlight. For Titan, initial results include (1) the first detection and mapping of thermal emission spectra of CO, CO2, and CH3D on Titan's nightside limb, (2) the mapping of CH4 fluorescence over the dayside bright limb, extending to ??? 750 km altitude, (3) wind measurements of ???0.5 ms-1, favoring prograde, from the movement of a persistent (multiple months) south polar cloud near 88??S latitude, and (4) the imaging of two transient mid-southern-latitude cloud features. ?? 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