Atmospheric concentrations of elemental mercury (Hg0), reactive gaseous Hg (RGM), and particulate Hg (pHg) concentrations were measured in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), U.S.A. using high resolution, real time atmospheric mercury analyzers (Tekran 2537A, 1130, and 1135). A survey of Hg0 concentrations at various locations within YNP showed that concentrations generally reflect global background concentrations of 1.5–2.0 ng m− 3, but a few specific locations associated with concentrated geothermal activity showed distinctly elevated Hg0 concentrations (about 9.0 ng m− 3). At the site of intensive study located centrally in YNP (Canyon Village), Hg0 concentrations did not exceed 2.5 ng m− 3; concentrations of RGM were generally below detection limits of 0.88 pg m− 3 and never exceeded 5 pg m− 3. Concentrations of pHg ranged from below detection limits to close to 30 pg m−3. RGM and pHg concentrations were not correlated with any criteria gases (SO2, NOx, O3); however pHg was weakly correlated with the concentration of atmospheric particles. We investigated three likely sources of Hg at the intensive monitoring site: numerous geothermal features scattered throughout YNP, re-suspended soils, and wildfires near or in YNP. We examined relationships between the chemical properties of aerosols (as measured using real time, single particle mass spectrometry; aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer; ATOFMS) and concentrations of atmospheric pHg. Based on the presence of particles with distinct chemical signatures of the wildfires, and the absence of signatures associated with the other sources, we concluded that wildfires in the park were the main source of aerosols and associated pHg to our sampling site.
Territorial songbirds generally use song to defend territories and attract mates, but conspecific song may also serve as a cue to attract other male songbirds to a breeding site. Although known to occur in some colonial and forest-associated species, only recently have investigators examined conspecific attraction in grassland species. We used a playback experiment to examine the possible role of conspecific attraction for males searching for potentially suitable breeding habitat in a grassland specialist, the Baird's Sparrow (Ammodramus bairdii). Experimental playback plots and control plots with similar landscape and vegetation characteristics were established at two sites in North Dakota. Baird's Sparrows colonized three of six experimental plots and none of six control plots. Males on experimental plots established territories adjacent to the playback stations and were sometimes observed counter-singing with the playback of conspecific songs. Vegetation characteristics were similar on all study plots, and did not explain differences in bird density on our treatment plots. Although we found that playback of conspecific songs attracted male Baird's Sparrows to previously unoccupied, potentially suitable habitat, further experiments are needed to examine the importance of conspecific attraction relative to other cues that birds may use, such as vegetation features. The conservation and management implications of conspecific attraction are not completely understood, but the presence of conspecifics should be considered as a potential cue in habitat selection by all species of birds.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1557-9263.2006.00066.x","issn":"02738570","usgsCitation":"Ahlering, M., Johnson, D.H., and Faaborg, J., 2006, Conspecific attraction in a grassland bird, the Baird's Sparrow: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 77, no. 4, p. 365-371, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2006.00066.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"371","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236878,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210070,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2006.00066.x"}],"volume":"77","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa01e4b0c8380cd4d889","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahlering, M.A.","contributorId":59611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahlering","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Faaborg, John","contributorId":32871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faaborg","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028309,"text":"70028309 - 2006 - Sea-level and tectonic control of middle to late Pleistocene turbidite systems in Santa Monica Basin, offshore California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70028309","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3369,"text":"Sedimentology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea-level and tectonic control of middle to late Pleistocene turbidite systems in Santa Monica Basin, offshore California","docAbstract":"Small turbidite systems offshore from southern California provide an opportunity to track sediment from river source through the turbidity-current initiation process to ultimate deposition, and to evaluate the impact of changing sea level and tectonics. The Santa Monica Basin is almost a closed system for terrigenous sediment input, and is supplied principally from the Santa Clara River. The Hueneme fan is supplied directly by the river, whereas the smaller Mugu and Dume fans are nourished by southward longshore drift. This study of the Late Quaternary turbidite fill of the Santa Monica Basin uses a dense grid of high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles tied to new radiocarbon ages for Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1015 back to 32 ka. Over the last glacial cycle, sedimentation rates in the distal part of Santa Monica Basin averaged 2-3 mm yr-1, with increases at times of extreme relative sea-level lowstand. Coarser-grained mid-fan lobes prograded into the basin from the Hueneme, Mugu and Dume fans at times of rapid sea-level fall. These pulses of coarse-grained sediment resulted from river channel incision and delta cannibalization. During the extreme lowstand of the last glacial maximum, sediment delivery was concentrated on the Hueneme Fan, with mean depositional rates of up to 13 mm yr-1 on the mid- and upper fan. During the marine isotope stage (MIS) 2 transgression, enhanced rates of sedimentation of > 4 mm yr-1 occurred on the Mugu and Dume fans, as a result of distributary switching and southward littoral drift providing nourishment to these fan systems. Longer-term sediment delivery to Santa Monica Basin was controlled by tectonics. Prior to MIS 10, the Anacapa ridge blocked the southward discharge of the Santa Clara River into the Santa Monica Basin. The pattern and distribution of turbidite sedimentation was strongly controlled by sea level through the rate of supply of coarse sediment and the style of initiation of turbidity currents. These two factors appear to have been more important than the absolute position of sea level. ?? 2006 The Authors. Journal compilation 2006 International Association of Sedimentologists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00797.x","issn":"00370746","usgsCitation":"Normark, W.R., Piper, D., and Sliter, R., 2006, Sea-level and tectonic control of middle to late Pleistocene turbidite systems in Santa Monica Basin, offshore California: Sedimentology, v. 53, no. 4, p. 867-897, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00797.x.","startPage":"867","endPage":"897","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210404,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00797.x"},{"id":237309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8814e4b08c986b3167cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piper, D.J.W.","contributorId":17351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"D.J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7219,"text":"Natural Resources Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":417483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sliter, R.","contributorId":66311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028190,"text":"70028190 - 2006 - One-day rate measurements for estimating net nitrification potential in humid forest soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028190","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"One-day rate measurements for estimating net nitrification potential in humid forest soils","docAbstract":"Measurements of net nitrification rates in forest soils have usually been performed by extended sample incubation (2-8 weeks), either in the field or in the lab. Because of disturbance effects, these measurements are only estimates of nitrification potential and shorter incubations may suffice. In three separate studies of northeastern USA forest soil surface horizons, we found that laboratory nitrification rates measured over 1 day related well to those measured over 4 weeks. Soil samples of Oa or A horizons were mixed by hand and the initial extraction of subsamples, using 2 mol L-1 KCl, occurred in the field as soon as feasible after sampling. Soils were kept near field temperature and subsampled again the following day in the laboratory. Rates measured by this method were about three times higher than the 4-week rates. Variability in measured rates was similar over either incubation period. Because NO3- concentrations were usually quite low in the field, average rates from 10 research watersheds could be estimated with only a single, 1-day extraction. Methodological studies showed that the concentration of NH4+ increased slowly during contact time with the KCl extractant and, thus, this contact time should be kept similar during the procedure. This method allows a large number of samples to be rapidly assessed. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2006.04.022","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Ross, D., Fredriksen, G., Jamison, A., Wemple, B., Bailey, S., Shanley, J.B., and Lawrence, G., 2006, One-day rate measurements for estimating net nitrification potential in humid forest soils: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 230, no. 1-3, p. 91-95, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.04.022.","startPage":"91","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210204,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.04.022"},{"id":237055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"230","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e31e4b0c8380cd7551e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, D.S.","contributorId":33867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fredriksen, G.","contributorId":56434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredriksen","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jamison, A.E.","contributorId":97692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jamison","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wemple, B.C.","contributorId":89331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wemple","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bailey, S.W.","contributorId":29113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shanley, J. B.","contributorId":52226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lawrence, G.B. 0000-0002-8035-2350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":76347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70028100,"text":"70028100 - 2006 - Proterozoic evolution of the western margin of the Wyoming craton: Implications for the tectonic and magmatic evolution of the northern Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70028100","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Proterozoic evolution of the western margin of the Wyoming craton: Implications for the tectonic and magmatic evolution of the northern Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"Defining the extent and age of basement provinces west of the exposed western margin of the Archean Wyoming craton has been elusive because of thick sedimentary cover and voluminous Cretaceous-Tertiary magmatism. U-Pb zircon geochronological data from small exposures of pre-Belt supergroup basement along the western side of the Wyoming craton, in southwestern Montana, reveal crystallization ages ranging from ???2.4 to ???1.8 Ga. Rock-forming events in the area as young as ???1.6 Ga are also indicated by isotopic (Nd, Pb, Sr) signatures and xenocrystic zircon populations in Cretaceous-Eocene granitoids. Most of this lithosphere is primitive, gives ages ???1.7-1.86 Ga, and occurs in a zone that extends west to the Neoproterozoic rifted margin of Laurentia. These data suggest that the basement west of the exposed Archean Wyoming craton contains accreted juvenile Paleoproterozoic arc-like terranes, along with a possible mafic underplate of similar age. This area is largely under the Mesoproterozoic Belt basin and intruded by the Idaho batholith. We refer to this Paleoproterozoic crust herein as the Selway terrane. The Selway terrane has been more easily reactivated and much more fertile for magma production and mineralization than the thick lithosphere of the Wyoming craton, and is of prime importance for evaluating Neoproterozoic continental reconstructions. ?? 2006 NRC Canada.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/E06-052","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Foster, D., Mueller, P., Mogk, D., Wooden, J.L., and Vogl, J., 2006, Proterozoic evolution of the western margin of the Wyoming craton: Implications for the tectonic and magmatic evolution of the northern Rocky Mountains: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 43, no. 10, p. 1601-1619, https://doi.org/10.1139/E06-052.","startPage":"1601","endPage":"1619","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210306,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/E06-052"},{"id":237190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f74e4b0c8380cd7f78b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, D.A.","contributorId":82865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, P.A.","contributorId":86117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mogk, D.W.","contributorId":61575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mogk","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vogl, J.J.","contributorId":105516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogl","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028099,"text":"70028099 - 2006 - Dissimilatory arsenate and sulfate reduction in sediments of two hypersaline, arsenic-rich soda lakes: Mono and Searles Lakes, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T10:10:46","indexId":"70028099","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissimilatory arsenate and sulfate reduction in sediments of two hypersaline, arsenic-rich soda lakes: Mono and Searles Lakes, California","docAbstract":"A radioisotope method was devised to study bacterial respiratory reduction of arsenate in sediments. The following two arsenic-rich soda lakes in California were chosen for comparison on the basis of their different salinities: Mono Lake (∼90 g/liter) and Searles Lake (∼340 g/liter). Profiles of arsenate reduction and sulfate reduction were constructed for both lakes. Reduction of [73As]arsenate occurred at all depth intervals in the cores from Mono Lake (rate constant [k] = 0.103 to 0.04 h−1) and Searles Lake (k = 0.012 to 0.002 h−1), and the highest activities occurred in the top sections of each core. In contrast, [35S]sulfate reduction was measurable in Mono Lake (k = 7.6 ×104 to 3.2 × 10−6 h−1) but not in Searles Lake. Sediment DNA was extracted, PCR amplified, and separated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to obtain phylogenetic markers (i.e., 16S rRNA genes) and a partial functional gene for dissimilatory arsenate reduction (arrA). The amplified arrA gene product showed a similar trend in both lakes; the signal was strongest in surface sediments and decreased to undetectable levels deeper in the sediments. More arrA gene signal was observed in Mono Lake and was detectable at a greater depth, despite the higher arsenate reduction activity observed in Searles Lake. A partial sequence (about 900 bp) was obtained for a clone (SLAS-3) that matched the dominant DGGE band found in deeper parts of the Searles Lake sample (below 3 cm), and this clone was found to be closely related to SLAS-1, a novel extremophilic arsenate respirer previously cultivated from Searles Lake.
Natural attenuation of contaminants in groundwater depends on an adequate supply of electron acceptors to stimulate biodegradation. In an alluvial aquifer contaminated with leachate from an unlined municipal landfill, the mechanism of recharge infiltration was investigated as a source of electron acceptors. Water samples were collected monthly at closely spaced intervals in the top 2 m of the saturated zone from a leachate-contaminated well and an uncontaminated well, and analyzed for δ18O, δ2H, non-volatile dissolved organic carbon (NVDOC), SO42−, NO3− and Cl−. Monthly recharge amounts were quantified using the offset of the δ18O or δ2H from the local meteoric water line as a parameter to distinguish water types, as evaporation and methanogenesis caused isotopic enrichment in waters from different sources. Presence of dissolved SO42− in the top 1 to 2 m of the saturated zone was associated with recharge; SO42− averaged 2.2 mM, with maximum concentrations of 15 mM. Nitrate was observed near the water table at the contaminated site at concentrations up to 4.6 mM. Temporal monitoring of δ2H and SO42− showed that vertical transport of recharge carried SO42− to depths up to 1.75 m below the water table, supplying an additional electron acceptor to the predominantly methanogenic leachate plume. Measurements of δ34S in SO42−indicated both SO42− reduction and sulfide oxidation were occurring in the aquifer. Depth-integrated net SO42− reduction rates, calculated using the natural Cl−gradient as a conservative tracer, ranged from 7.5 × 10− 3 to 0.61 mM·d− 1 (over various depth intervals from 0.45 to 1.75 m). Sulfate reduction occurred at both the contaminated and uncontaminated sites; however, median SO42− reduction rates were higher at the contaminated site. Although estimated SO42− reduction rates are relatively high, significant decreases in NVDOC were not observed at the contaminated site. Organic compounds more labile than the leachate NVDOC may be present in the root zone, and SO42− reduction may be coupled to methane oxidation. The results show that sulfur (and possibly nitrogen) redox processes within the top 2 m of the aquifer are directly related to recharge timing and seasonal water level changes in the aquifer. The results suggest that SO42−reduction associated with the infiltration of recharge may be a significant factor affecting natural attenuation of contaminants in alluvial aquifers.
This paper presents the design of a dynamic chamber system that allows full transmission of PAR and UV radiation and permits enclosed intact foliage to maintain normal physiological function while Hg(0) flux rates are quantified in the field. Black spruce and jack pine foliage both emitted and absorbed Hg(0), exhibiting compensation points near atmospheric Hg(0) concentrations of ∼2−3 ng m-3. Using enriched stable Hg isotope spikes, patterns of spike Hg(II) retention on foliage were investigated. Hg(0) evasion rates from foliage were simultaneously measured using the chamber to determine if the decline of foliar spike Hg(II) concentrations over time could be explained by the photoreduction and re-emission of spike Hg to the atmosphere. This mass balance approach suggested that spike Hg(0) fluxes alone could not account for the measured decrease in spike Hg(II) on foliage following application, implying that either the chamber underestimates the true photoreduction of Hg(II) to Hg(0) on foliage, or other mechanisms of Hg(II) loss from foliage, such as cuticle weathering, are in effect. The radiation spectrum responsible for the photoreduction of newly deposited Hg(II) on foliage was also investigated. Our spike experiments suggest that some of the Hg(II) in wet deposition retained by the forest canopy may be rapidly photoreduced to Hg(0) and re-emitted back to the atmosphere, while another portion may be retained by foliage at the end of the growing season, with some being deposited in litterfall. This finding has implications for the estimation of Hg dry deposition based on throughfall and litterfall fluxes.
The diel and seasonal food habits of young-of-year (YOY) and post-young-of-year (PYOY) Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr were assayed over the course of 11 months in the West Brook, Massachusetts USA. Gut fullness of YOY salmon did not vary significantly among months. PYOY salmon exhibited significant seasonal differences in gut fullness, with peak fullness occurring in the spring and late fall. Significant diel differences in PYOY gut fullness occurred in June and April, with peak fullness always occurring at dawn. Prey composition varied substantially among months. Dominant prey items of PYOY salmon were baetid mayflies in June, July, and August, limnephilid caddisflies in October and November, and ephemerellid mayflies in February and April. Few differences in prey composition between PYOY and YOY salmon were observed. Fish growth was unrelated to prey availability, but gut fullness explained up to 97% of growth variation across seasons. Results suggest that spring and fall are critical periods of feeding for PYOY salmon and that diel feeding intensity shifts seasonally.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2006.9665028","issn":"02705060","usgsCitation":"Grader, M., and Letcher, B., 2006, Diel and seasonal variation in food habits of Atlantic salmon parr in a small stream: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 21, no. 3, p. 503-517, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2006.9665028.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"503","endPage":"517","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385655,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00bde4b0c8380cd4f8b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grader, M.","contributorId":14624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grader","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":416636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028116,"text":"70028116 - 2006 - Diurnal time-activity budgets of redheads (Aythya americana) wintering in seagrass beds and coastal ponds in Louisiana and Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-17T15:13:31","indexId":"70028116","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Diurnal time-activity budgets of redheads (Aythya americana) wintering in seagrass beds and coastal ponds in Louisiana and Texas","title":"Diurnal time-activity budgets of redheads (Aythya americana) wintering in seagrass beds and coastal ponds in Louisiana and Texas","docAbstract":"Diurnal time-activity budgets were determined for wintering redheads (Aythya americana) from estuarine seagrass beds in Louisiana (Chandeleur Sound) and Texas (Laguna Madre) and from ponds adjacent to the Laguna Madre. Activities differed (p<0.0001) by location, month, and diurnal time period. Resting and feeding were the most frequent activities of redheads at the two estuarine sites, whereas drinking was almost nonexistent. Birds on ponds in Texas engaged most frequently in resting and drinking, but feeding was very infrequent. Redheads from the Louisiana estuarine site rested less than birds in Texas at either the Laguna Madre or freshwater ponds. Redheads in Louisiana fed more than birds in Texas; this was partially because of weather differences (colder temperatures in Louisiana), but the location effect was still significant even when we adjusted the model for weather effects. Redheads in Louisiana showed increased resting and decreased feeding as winter progressed, but redheads in Texas did not exhibit a seasonal pattern in either resting or feeding. In Louisiana, birds maintained a high level of feeding activity during the early morning throughout the winter, whereas afternoon feeding tapered off in mid- to late-winter. Texas birds showed a shift from morning feeding in early winter to afternoon feeding in late winter. Males and females at both Chandeleur Sound and Laguna Madre showed differences in their activities, but because the absolute difference seldom exceeded 2%, biological significance is questionable. Diurnal time-activity budgets of redheads on the wintering grounds are influenced by water salinities and the use of dietary fresh water, as well as by weather conditions, tides, and perhaps vegetation differences between sites. The opportunity to osmoregulate via dietary freshwater, vs. via nasal salt glands, may have a significant effect on behavioral allocations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/s10750-006-0058-7","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Michot, T., Woodin, M., Adair, S., and Moser, E., 2006, Diurnal time-activity budgets of redheads (Aythya americana) wintering in seagrass beds and coastal ponds in Louisiana and Texas: Hydrobiologia, v. 567, no. 1, p. 113-128, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0058-7.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"128","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.7178955078125,\n 25.83697740052369\n ],\n [\n -96.98181152343749,\n 25.83697740052369\n ],\n [\n -96.98181152343749,\n 27.868216579514076\n ],\n [\n -97.7178955078125,\n 27.868216579514076\n ],\n [\n -97.7178955078125,\n 25.83697740052369\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.29388427734375,\n 29.191731712018708\n ],\n [\n -89.17739868164062,\n 29.191731712018708\n ],\n [\n -89.17739868164062,\n 30.27211440480969\n ],\n [\n -90.29388427734375,\n 30.27211440480969\n ],\n [\n -90.29388427734375,\n 29.191731712018708\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"567","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0341e4b0c8380cd503b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michot, T.C. 0000-0002-7044-987X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-987X","contributorId":43426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michot","given":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodin, M.C.","contributorId":97307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodin","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adair, S.E.","contributorId":8276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adair","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moser, E.B.","contributorId":6243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moser","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028113,"text":"70028113 - 2006 - Potential inhibitors to recovery of Acropora palmata populations in St. John, US Virgin Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028113","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential inhibitors to recovery of Acropora palmata populations in St. John, US Virgin Islands","docAbstract":"Populations of Acropora palmata in the Caribbean were decimated in the 1970s and 1980s, with little apparent signs of recovery until the late 1990s. Here, we document an increase in A. palmata colonies between 2001 and 2003 at 8 of 11 monitoring sites in waters adjacent to the island of St. John, US Virgin Islands. The shallow waters along the NW coast of the island exhibited the greatest increase in colony abundance, perhaps due to greater larval supply and/or conditions that favor settlement and subsequent survivorship. Of concern, however, is the lack of survival of large colonies (at all sites), which are most frequently affected by stressors (e.g. Coralliophila abbreviata, damselfishes, active disease) and are most likely to be remnants (colonies with discontinuous, living coral-tissue over an existing coral framework). Predation by C. abbreviata and active coral disease may directly contribute to the development of these remnant colonies. In addition, we recorded damage to colonies attributed to damselfishes and raise the possibility that these territorial reef-inhabitants act as vectors in the transmission of coral disease. While the incidence of disease around St. John is generally low, it may persist as a ubiquitous, chronic stress. Finally, because stressors are more prevalent on large colonies and in high-density stands, they have the potential to inhibit the recovery of A. palmata populations to their historic condition. ?? Inter-Research 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Grober-Dunsmore, R., Bonito, V., and Frazer, T., 2006, Potential inhibitors to recovery of Acropora palmata populations in St. John, US Virgin Islands: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 321, p. 123-132.","startPage":"123","endPage":"132","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"321","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7f46e4b0c8380cd7aa26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grober-Dunsmore, R.","contributorId":58797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grober-Dunsmore","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonito, V.","contributorId":22560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonito","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frazer, T.K.","contributorId":10215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frazer","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028176,"text":"70028176 - 2006 - Potential effects of recurrent low oxygen conditions on the Illinois Cave amphipod","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028176","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2201,"text":"Journal of Cave and Karst Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential effects of recurrent low oxygen conditions on the Illinois Cave amphipod","docAbstract":"The caves of Illinois' sinkhole plain are the sole habitat of the Illinois Cave amphipod (Gammarus acherondytes), a federally endangered species. The sinkhole plain is a hydrologically-connected sequence of karstified limestone that constitutes an extensive karst aquifer which serves as an important source of potable water for area residents. During this investigation, we examined the ground-water quality in caves within two ground-water basins: 1) Illinois Caverns, where the amphipod is now present after previously reported to have been extirpated from the lower reaches, and 2) Stemler Cave, where the amphipod is reported to have been extirpated. The chemical composition of cave streams in Illinois Caverns and Stemler Cave were compared to determine which parameters, if any, could have contributed to the loss of G. acherondytes from Stemler Cave. Stream water in Stemler Cave contained higher concentrations of organic carbon, potassium, silica, chloride, fluoride, sulfate, iron and manganese than Illinois Caverns. Perhaps most importantly, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in Stemler Cave were, during periods of low flow, substantially lower than in Illinois Caverns. Based on land use, there are probably at least eight times more private septic systems in the Stemler Cave ground-water basin than in the Illinois Caverns ground-water basin. Low DO concentrations were likely the result of microbial breakdown of soil organic matter and wastewater treatment system effluent, and the oxidation of pyrite in bedrock. The near-hypoxic DO in Stemler Cave that occurred during low-flow conditions, and, we speculate, a limited range of G. acherondytes within the Stemler Cave ground-water basin due to a metabolic advantage of the stygophilic aquatic invertebrates over the stygobitic G. acherodytes, resulted in the apparent loss of G. acherondytes from Stemler Cave.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Cave and Karst Studies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10906924","usgsCitation":"Panno, S., Hackley, K.C., Kelly, W., Hwang, H., Wilhelm, F., Taylor, S., and Stiff, B., 2006, Potential effects of recurrent low oxygen conditions on the Illinois Cave amphipod: Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, v. 68, no. 2, p. 55-63.","startPage":"55","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7edce4b0c8380cd7a7c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Panno, S.V.","contributorId":102990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panno","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hackley, Keith C.","contributorId":12166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelly, W.R.","contributorId":74120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hwang, H.-H.","contributorId":6981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hwang","given":"H.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilhelm, F.M.","contributorId":94844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilhelm","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Taylor, S.J.","contributorId":26872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stiff, B.J.","contributorId":42015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stiff","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70028168,"text":"70028168 - 2006 - Helium isotopes in ferromanganese crusts from the central Pacific Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-09T13:13:33","indexId":"70028168","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Helium isotopes in ferromanganese crusts from the central Pacific Ocean","docAbstract":"Helium isotopes have been measured in samples of two ferromanganese crusts (VA13/2 and CD29-2) from the central Pacific Ocean. With the exception of the deepest part of crust CD29-2 the data can be explained by a mixture of implanted solar- and galactic cosmic ray-produced (GCR) He, in extraterrestrial grains, and radiogenic He in wind-borne continental dust grains. 4He concentrations are invariant and require retention of less than 12% of the in situ He produced since crust formation. Loss has occurred by recoil and diffusion. High 4He in CD29-2 samples older than 42 Ma are correlated with phosphatization and can be explained by retention of up to 12% of the in situ-produced 4He. 3He/4He of VA13/2 samples varies from 18.5 to 1852 Ra due almost entirely to variation in the extraterrestrial He contribution. The highest 3He/4He is comparable to the highest values measured in interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) and micrometeorites (MMs). Helium concentrations are orders of magnitude lower than in oceanic sediments reflecting the low trapping efficiency for in-falling terrestrial and extraterrestrial grains of Fe-Mn crusts. The extraterrestrial 3He concentration of the crusts rules out whole, undegassed 4–40 μm diameter IDPs as the host. Instead it requires that the extraterrestrial He inventory is carried by numerous particles with significantly lower He concentrations, and occasional high concentration GCR-He-bearing particles.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2006.05.015","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Basu, S., Stuart, F., Klemm, V., Korschinek, G., Knie, K., and Hein, J., 2006, Helium isotopes in ferromanganese crusts from the central Pacific Ocean: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 70, no. 15, p. 3996-4006, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.05.015.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3996","endPage":"4006","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210338,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.05.015"},{"id":237230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Pacific Ocean","volume":"70","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a303fe4b0c8380cd5d4a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Basu, S.","contributorId":55365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Basu","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stuart, F.M.","contributorId":6780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuart","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klemm, V.","contributorId":43898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klemm","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Korschinek, G.","contributorId":85726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korschinek","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knie, K.","contributorId":75079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knie","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028166,"text":"70028166 - 2006 - Controls of bedrock geochemistry on soil and plant nutrients in Southeastern Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-17T16:49:15.810141","indexId":"70028166","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Controls of bedrock geochemistry on soil and plant nutrients in Southeastern Utah","docAbstract":"The cold deserts of the Colorado Plateau contain numerous geologically and geochemically distinct sedimentary bedrock types. In the area near Canyonlands National Park in Southeastern Utah, geochemical variation in geologic substrates is related to the depositional environment with higher concentrations of Fe, Al, P, K, and Mg in sediments deposited in alluvial or marine environments and lower concentrations in bedrock derived from eolian sand dunes. Availability of soil nutrients to vegetation is also controlled by the formation of secondary minerals, particularly for P and Ca availability, which, in some geologic settings, appears closely related to variation of CaCO3 and Ca-phosphates in soils. However, the results of this study also indicate that P content is related to bedrock and soil Fe and Al content suggesting that the deposition history of the bedrock and the presence of P-bearing Fe and Al minerals, is important to contemporary P cycling in this region. The relation between bedrock type and exchangeable Mg and K is less clear-cut, despite large variation in bedrock concentrations of these elements. We examined soil nutrient concentrations and foliar nutrient concentration of grasses, shrubs, conifers, and forbs in four geochemically distinct field sites. All four of the functional plant groups had similar proportional responses to variation in soil nutrient availability despite large absolute differences in foliar nutrient concentrations and stoichiometry across species. Foliar P concentration (normalized to N) in particular showed relatively small variation across different geochemical settings despite large variation in soil P availability in these study sites. The limited foliar variation in bedrock-derived nutrients suggests that the dominant plant species in this dryland setting have a remarkably strong capacity to maintain foliar chemistry ratios despite large underlying differences in soil nutrient availability.
","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-005-0092-8","issn":"","usgsCitation":"Neff, J.C., Reynolds, R.L., Sanford, R., Fernandez, D., and Lamothe, P.J., 2006, Controls of bedrock geochemistry on soil and plant nutrients in Southeastern Utah: Ecosystems, v. 9, no. 6, p. 879-893, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-005-0092-8.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"879","endPage":"893","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Canyonlands National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.25741577148438,\n 37.94419750075404\n ],\n [\n -109.63668823242188,\n 37.94419750075404\n ],\n [\n -109.63668823242188,\n 38.50089258896462\n ],\n [\n -110.25741577148438,\n 38.50089258896462\n ],\n [\n -110.25741577148438,\n 37.94419750075404\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbcce4b0c8380cd4df78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neff, J. C.","contributorId":29935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":139068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanford, R.L. Jr.","contributorId":10983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"R.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fernandez, D.","contributorId":68094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandez","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lamothe, Paul J. plamothe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"Paul","email":"plamothe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":416869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028103,"text":"70028103 - 2006 - Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Morphology, crater fill, and relevance for impact structures on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70028103","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2715,"text":"Meteoritics and Planetary Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Morphology, crater fill, and relevance for impact structures on Mars","docAbstract":"The late Eocene Chesapeake Bay impact structure (CBIS) on the Atlantic margin of Virginia is one of the largest and best-preserved \"wet-target\" craters on Earth. It provides an accessible analog for studying impact processes in layered and wet targets on volatile-rich planets. The CBIS formed in a layered target of water, weak clastic sediments, and hard crystalline rock. The buried structure consists of a deep, filled central crater, 38 km in width, surrounded by a shallower brim known as the annular trough. The annular trough formed partly by collapse of weak sediments, which expanded the structure to ???85 km in diameter. Such extensive collapse, in addition to excavation processes, can explain the \"inverted sombrero\" morphology observed at some craters in layered targets. The distribution of crater-fill materials i n the CBIS is related to the morphology. Suevitic breccia, including pre-resurge fallback deposits, is found in the central crater. Impact-modified sediments, formed by fluidization and collapse of water-saturated sand and silt-clay, occur in the annular trough. Allogenic sediment-clast breccia, interpreted as ocean-resurge deposits, overlies the other impactites and covers the entire crater beneath a blanket of postimpact sediments. The formation of chaotic terrains on Mars is attributed to collapse due to the release of volatiles from thick layered deposits. Some flat-floored rimless depressions with chaotic infill in these terrains are impact craters that expanded by collapse farther than expected for similar-sized complex craters in solid targets. Studies of crater materials in the CBIS provide insights into processes of crater expansion on Mars and their links to volatiles. ?? The Meteoritical Society, 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Meteoritics and Planetary Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10869379","usgsCitation":"Horton, J.W., Ormo, J., Powars, D., and Gohn, G.S., 2006, Chesapeake Bay impact structure: Morphology, crater fill, and relevance for impact structures on Mars: Meteoritics and Planetary Science, v. 41, no. 10, p. 1613-1624.","startPage":"1613","endPage":"1624","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237226,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5b3e4b0c8380cd4c38c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horton, J. Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365 whorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":81184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"whorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wright","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ormo, J.","contributorId":55626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ormo","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powars, D.S.","contributorId":7303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powars","given":"D.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gohn, G. S.","contributorId":25937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gohn","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028294,"text":"70028294 - 2006 - Platinum-group element, Gold, Silver and Base Metal distribution in compositionally zoned sulfide droplets from the Medvezky Creek Mine, Noril'sk, Russia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028294","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Platinum-group element, Gold, Silver and Base Metal distribution in compositionally zoned sulfide droplets from the Medvezky Creek Mine, Noril'sk, Russia","docAbstract":"Concentrations of Ag, Au, Cd, Co, Re, Zn and Platinum-group elements (PGE) have been determined in sulfide minerals from zoned sulfide droplets of the Noril'sk 1 Medvezky Creek Mine. The aims of the study were; to establish whether these elements are located in the major sulfide minerals (pentlandite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and cubanite), to establish whether the elements show a preference for a particular sulfide mineral and to investigate the model, which suggests that the zonation in the droplets is caused by the crystal fractionation of monosulfide solid solution (mss). Nickel, Cu, Ag, Re, Os, Ir, Ru, Rh and Pd, were found to be largely located in the major sulfide minerals. In contrast, less than 25% of the Au, Cd, Pt and Zn in the rock was found to be present in these sulfides. Osmium, Ir, Ru, Rh and Re were found to be concentrated in pyrrhotite and pentlandite. Palladium and Co was found to be concentrated in pentlandite. Silver, Cd and Zn concentrations are highest in chalcopyrite and cubanite. Gold and platinum showed no preference for any of the major sulfide minerals. The enrichment of Os, Ir, Ru, Rh and Re in pyrrhotite and pentlandite (exsolution products of mss) and the low levels of these elements in the cubanite and chalcopyrite (exsolution products of intermediate solid solution, iss) support the mss crystal fractionation model, because Os, Ir, Ru, Rh and Re are compatible with mss. The enrichment of Ag, Cd and Zn in chalcopyrite and cubanite also supports the mss fractionation model these minerals are derived from the fractionated liquid and these elements are incompatible with mss and thus should be enriched in the fractionated liquid. Gold and Pt do not partition into either iss or mss and become sufficiently enriched in the final fractionated liquid to crystallize among the iss and mss grains as tellurides, bismithides and alloys. During pentlandite exsolution Pd appears to have diffused from the Cu-rich portion of the droplet into pentlandite. ?? Springer-Verlag 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00410-006-0100-9","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Barnes, S., Cox, R., and Zientek, M.L., 2006, Platinum-group element, Gold, Silver and Base Metal distribution in compositionally zoned sulfide droplets from the Medvezky Creek Mine, Noril'sk, Russia: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 152, no. 2, p. 187-200, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-006-0100-9.","startPage":"187","endPage":"200","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210210,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00410-006-0100-9"},{"id":237063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"152","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7c2fe4b0c8380cd79852","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, S.-J.","contributorId":95631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"S.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, R.A.","contributorId":17818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zientek, M. L.","contributorId":6118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zientek","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028292,"text":"70028292 - 2006 - Perspectives on basaltic magma crystallization and differentiation: Lava-lake blocks erupted at Mauna Loa volcano summit, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-08T11:27:19","indexId":"70028292","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2588,"text":"LITHOS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Perspectives on basaltic magma crystallization and differentiation: Lava-lake blocks erupted at Mauna Loa volcano summit, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Explosive eruptions at Mauna Loa summit ejected coarse-grained blocks (free of lava coatings) from Moku'aweoweo caldera. Most are gabbronorites and gabbros that have 0–26 vol.% olivine and 1–29 vol.% oikocrystic orthopyroxene. Some blocks are ferrogabbros and diorites with micrographic matrices, and diorite veins (≤2 cm) cross-cut some gabbronorites and gabbros. One block is an open-textured dunite.
The MgO of the gabbronorites and gabbros ranges ∼ 7–21 wt.%. Those with MgO >10 wt.% have some incompatible-element abundances (Zr, Y, REE; positive Eu anomalies) lower than those in Mauna Loa lavas of comparable MgO; gabbros (MgO <10 wt.%) generally overlap lava compositions. Olivines range Fo83–58, clinopyroxenes have Mg#s ∼83–62, and orthopyroxene Mg#s are 84–63 — all evolved beyond the mineral-Mg#s of Mauna Loa lavas. Plagioclase is An75–50. Ferrogabbro and diorite blocks have ∼ 3–5 wt.% MgO (TiO2 3.2–5.4%; K2O 0.8–1.3%; La 16–27 ppm), and a diorite vein is the most evolved (SiO2 59%, K2O 1.5%, La 38 ppm). They have clinopyroxene Mg#s 67–46, and plagioclase An57–40. The open-textured dunite has olivine ∼ Fo83.5. Seven isotope ratios are 87Sr/86Sr 0.70394–0.70374 and 143Nd/144Nd 0.51293–0.51286, and identify the suite as belonging to the Mauna Loa system.
Gabbronorites and gabbros originated in solidification zones of Moku'aweoweo lava lakes where they acquired orthocumulate textures and incompatible-element depletions. These features suggest deeper and slower cooling lakes than the lava lake paradigm, Kilauea Iki, which is basalt and picrite. Clinopyroxene geobarometry suggests crystallization at <1 kbar P. Highly evolved mineral Mg#s, <75, are largely explained by cumulus phases exposed to evolving intercumulus liquids causing compositional ‘shifts.’ Ferrogabbro and diorite represent segregation veins from differentiated intercumulus liquids filter pressed into rigid zones of cooling lakes. Clinopyroxene geobarometry suggests <300 bar P. Open-textured dunite represents olivine-melt mush, precursor to vertical olivine-rich bodies (as in Kilauea Iki). Its Fo83.5 identifies the most primitive lake magma as ∼8.3 wt.% MgO. Mass balancing and MELTS show that such a magma could have yielded both ferrogabbro and diorite by ≥50% fractional crystallization, but under different fO2: < FMQ (250 bar) led to diorite, and FMQ (250 bar) yielded ferrogabbro. These segregation veins, documented as similar to those of Kilauea, testify to appreciable volumes of ‘rhyolitic’ liquid forming in oceanic environments. Namely, SiO2-rich veins are intrinsic to all shields that reached caldera stage to accommodate various-sized cooling, differentiating lava lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.lithos.2006.03.005","issn":"00244937","usgsCitation":"McCarter, R.L., Fodor, R., and Trusdell, F., 2006, Perspectives on basaltic magma crystallization and differentiation: Lava-lake blocks erupted at Mauna Loa volcano summit, Hawaii: LITHOS, v. 90, no. 3-4, p. 187-213, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2006.03.005.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"213","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Mauna Loa volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.55679321289062, 20.128155311797183 ], [ 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R.V.","contributorId":106638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fodor","given":"R.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trusdell, Frank A. 0000-0002-0681-0528 trusdell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0681-0528","contributorId":754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"Frank A.","email":"trusdell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028288,"text":"70028288 - 2006 - Petrology and chemistry of Permian coals from the Paraná Basin: 1. Santa Terezinha, Leão-Butiá and Candiota Coalfields, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-20T09:36:44","indexId":"70028288","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrology and chemistry of Permian coals from the Paraná Basin: 1. Santa Terezinha, Leão-Butiá and Candiota Coalfields, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil","docAbstract":"The current paper presents results on petrological and geochemical coal seam characterization in Permian coal-bearing strata from the Paraná Basin, southern Brazil. Sequence stratigraphic analysis shows that peat accumulation in Permian time was closely linked to transgressive/regressive cycles, with peat accumulation occurring in a predominantly back barrier/lagoonal setting.
\nCoal petrographic analysis indicates subbituminous coals at Candiota and Leão-Butiá and high volatile bituminous coals at Santa Terezinha, where locally the coal seams are thermally altered by volcanic intrusions. Petrographic composition is highly variable, with seams at Candiota and Santa Terezinha frequently enriched in inertinite.
\nChemical analyses indicate that all coals are mineral matter-rich (mean 49.09 wt.%), with SiO2 and Al2O3 dominating as determined by ICP-AES. Quartz is also the predominant mineral detected by X-ray diffraction, where it is associated with feldspar, kaolinite and hematite and iron-rich carbonates. The results from Scanning Electron Microscopy are broadly consistent with the bulk chemical and mineralogical analysis. Quartz and clays are common in all samples analyzed. Other minerals observed were, amongst others, carbonates (calcite, siderite, ankerite), pyrite, monazite, kaolinite, barite, sphalerite, rutile and quartz of volcanic origin.
\nThe distribution of trace elements is well within the range typical for coal basins of other areas despite the fact that the Paraná Basin coals are very high in ash yields. The average concentrations for elements of environmental concern (As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, U, V, Zn) are similar to or less than the mean values for U.S. coal. However, considered on an equal energy basis, Paraná Basin coals will produce in combustion 5 to 10 times the amount of most elements compared to an equal weight US coal.
\nConcentrations of major and trace elements, such as Fe, B and S, appear to be controlled by depositional setting, with increasing values in coal seams overlain by brackish/marine strata.
\nHierarchical cluster analysis identified three groups of major minerals and seven groups of trace elements based on similarity levels. On a regional scale, the coalfields can be separated by the differences in rank (Candiota and Leão-Butiá versus Santa Terezinha) and by applying discriminant analysis based on 4 trace elements (Li, As, Sr, Sb). Highest Rb and Sr values occur at Candiota and are linked to syngenetic volcanism of the area, whereas high Y and Sr values at Santa Terezinha can be related to the frequent diabase intrusions in that area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2005.10.006","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Kalkreuth, W., Holz, M., Kern, M., Machado, G., Mexias, A., Silva, M., Willett, J., Finkelman, R., and Burger, H., 2006, Petrology and chemistry of Permian coals from the Paraná Basin: 1. Santa Terezinha, Leão-Butiá and Candiota Coalfields, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 68, no. 1-2 SPEC. ISS., p. 79-116, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.10.006.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"116","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236957,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210129,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.10.006"}],"volume":"68","issue":"1-2 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7819e4b0c8380cd7862d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkreuth, W.","contributorId":12255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkreuth","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holz, M.","contributorId":71376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holz","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kern, M.","contributorId":64438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kern","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Machado, G.","contributorId":76121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machado","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mexias, A.","contributorId":78530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mexias","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Silva, M.B.","contributorId":31189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Willett, J.","contributorId":54010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willett","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Finkelman, R.","contributorId":56812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Burger, H.","contributorId":86558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burger","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70028252,"text":"70028252 - 2006 - Diagnostic criteria for proliferative hepatic lesions in brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-18T11:08:07","indexId":"70028252","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagnostic criteria for proliferative hepatic lesions in brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus","docAbstract":"Brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus is used as indicator species for contaminant effects at areas of concern (AOC) in the Great Lakes and other areas. One of the beneficial use impairments at numerous AOC is 'fish tumors and other deformities'. An impairment occurs when the prevalence of fish tumors and other deformities exceeds those at unimpacted or control sites or when survey data confirm the presence of neoplastic or preneoplastic liver lesions in bullhead or white sucker Catostomus commersonii. Numerous surveys have been conducted over the years assessing neoplasia in these fishes, both liver and skin tumors. However, a major problem in comparing the results has been a lack of consistent criteria for evaluating histological changes in bullhead livers. As individual AOC develop and implement remedial action plans, realistic and attainable delisting targets need to be specified. For this to occur and be consistent from site to site there must be standardization of the criteria being used to evaluate specific impairments. In this report, specific diagnostic criteria are provided for both non-neoplastic and neoplastic proliferative hepatocellular and biliary lesions. These criteria should assist fish pathologists in describing and categorizing proliferative liver lesions from brown bullhead. ?? Inter-Research 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","issn":"01775103","usgsCitation":"Blazer, V., Fournie, J., Wolf, J., and Wolfe, M., 2006, Diagnostic criteria for proliferative hepatic lesions in brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 72, no. 1, p. 19-30.","productDescription":"p.19-30","startPage":"19","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":265914,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.int-res.com/articles/dao2006/72/d072p019.pdf"},{"id":236955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a009de4b0c8380cd4f813","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fournie, J.W.","contributorId":83463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournie","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolf, J.C.","contributorId":19338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolfe, M.J.","contributorId":30187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028313,"text":"70028313 - 2006 - Numerical simulation of tsunami generation by cold volcanic mass flows at Augustine Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-21T20:42:19","indexId":"70028313","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2824,"text":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical simulation of tsunami generation by cold volcanic mass flows at Augustine Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"Many of the world's active volcanoes are situated on or near coastlines. During eruptions, diverse geophysical mass flows, including pyroclastic flows, debris avalanches, and lahars, can deliver large volumes of unconsolidated debris to the ocean in a short period of time and thereby generate tsunamis. Deposits of both hot and cold volcanic mass flows produced by eruptions of Aleutian arc volcanoes are exposed at many locations along the coastlines of the Bering Sea, North Pacific Ocean, and Cook Inlet, indicating that the flows entered the sea and in some cases may have initiated tsunamis. We evaluate the process of tsunami generation by cold granular subaerial volcanic mass flows using examples from Augustine Volcano in southern Cook Inlet. Augustine Volcano is the most historically active volcano in the Cook Inlet region, and future eruptions, should they lead to debris-avalanche formation and tsunami generation, could be hazardous to some coastal areas. Geological investigations at Augustine Volcano suggest that as many as 12-14 debris avalanches have reached the sea in the last 2000 years, and a debris avalanche emplaced during an A.D. 1883 eruption may have initiated a tsunami that was observed about 80 km east of the volcano at the village of English Bay (Nanwalek) on the coast of the southern Kenai Peninsula. Numerical simulation of mass-flow motion, tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation for Augustine Volcano indicate only modest wave generation by volcanic mass flows and localized wave effects. However, for east-directed mass flows entering Cook Inlet, tsunamis are capable of reaching the more populated coastlines of the southwestern Kenai Peninsula, where maximum water amplitudes of several meters are possible.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/nhess-6-671-2006","issn":"15618633","usgsCitation":"Waythomas, C.F., Watts, P., and Walder, J.S., 2006, Numerical simulation of tsunami generation by cold volcanic mass flows at Augustine Volcano, Alaska: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, v. 6, no. 5, p. 671-685, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-6-671-2006.","startPage":"671","endPage":"685","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477396,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-6-671-2006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236819,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267917,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-6-671-2006"}],"volume":"6","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a692ce4b0c8380cd73bd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waythomas, C. F.","contributorId":10065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watts, P.","contributorId":81669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walder, J. S.","contributorId":32561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walder","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}