As many as 2.4 million adult American shad annually pass John Day Dam, Columbia River to spawn upriver, yet food web interactions of juvenile shad rearing in John Day Reservoir are unexplored. We collected zooplankton and conducted mid-water trawls in McNary (June-July) and John Day reservoirs (August-November) from 1994 through 1996 during the outmigration of subyearling American shad and Chinook salmon. Juvenile American shad were abundant and represented over 98% of the trawl catch in late summer. The five major taxa collected in zooplankton tows were Bosmina longirostris, Daphnia, cyclopoid cope-pods, rotifers, and calanoid copepods. We evaluated total crustacean zooplankton abundance and Daphnia biomass in relation to water temperature, flow, depth, diel period, and cross-sectional location using multiple regression. Differences in zooplankton abundance were largely due to differences in water temperature and flow. Spatial variation in total zooplankton abundance was observed in McNary Reservoir, but not in John Day Reservoir. Juvenile American shad generally fed on numerically abundant prey, despite being less preferred than larger bodied zooplankton. A decrease in cladoceran abundance and size in August coupled with large percentages of Daphnia in juvenile American shad stomachs indicated heavy planktivory. Smaller juvenile American shad primarily fed on Daphnia in August, but switched to more evasive copepods as the mean size of fish increased and Daphnia abundance declined. Because Daphnia are particularly important prey items for subyearling Chinook salmon in mainstem reservoirs in mid to late summer, alterations in the cladoceran food base is of concern for the management of outmigrating salmonids and other Columbia River fishes. ?? 2006 by the Northwest Scientific Association. All rights reserved.
","language":"English","issn":"0029344X","usgsCitation":"Haskell, C.A., Tiffan, K., and Rondorf, D., 2006, Food habits of Juvenile American Shad and dynamics of zooplankton in the lower Columbia River: Northwest Science, v. 80, no. 1, p. 47-64.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"John Day reservoir, McNary reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.04029846191405,\n 46.18553528880526\n ],\n [\n -118.99978637695312,\n 46.19694327530828\n ],\n [\n -118.92288208007812,\n 46.15319980124842\n ],\n [\n -118.90296936035158,\n 46.069896058164055\n ],\n [\n -118.96202087402342,\n 46.002208482091724\n ],\n [\n -118.99772644042969,\n 46.01842291576195\n ],\n [\n -118.97918701171874,\n 46.09751924866049\n ],\n [\n -119.014892578125,\n 46.140355438132914\n ],\n [\n -119.04579162597656,\n 46.17935497410555\n ],\n [\n -119.04029846191405,\n 46.18553528880526\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.83827972412108,\n 45.683637738627986\n ],\n [\n -120.93681335449219,\n 45.663246602170034\n ],\n [\n -120.94505310058595,\n 45.649808381806956\n ],\n [\n -120.91964721679688,\n 45.62892474973852\n ],\n [\n -120.83415985107422,\n 45.66972459187524\n ],\n [\n -120.83827972412108,\n 45.683637738627986\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a12bce4b0c8380cd543fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haskell, C. A.","contributorId":94082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haskell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tiffan, K.F.","contributorId":19327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":419226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":419227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028934,"text":"70028934 - 2006 - Development and implementation of software systems for imaging spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028934","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development and implementation of software systems for imaging spectroscopy","docAbstract":"Specialized software systems have played a crucial role throughout the twenty-five year course of the development of the new technology of imaging spectroscopy, or hyperspectral remote sensing. By their very nature, hyperspectral data place unique and demanding requirements on the computer software used to visualize, analyze, process and interpret them. Often described as a marriage of the two technologies of reflectance spectroscopy and airborne/spaceborne remote sensing, imaging spectroscopy, in fact, produces data sets with unique qualities, unlike previous remote sensing or spectrometer data. Because of these unique spatial and spectral properties hyperspectral data are not readily processed or exploited with legacy software systems inherited from either of the two parent fields of study. This paper provides brief reviews of seven important software systems developed specifically for imaging spectroscopy.","largerWorkTitle":"International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)","conferenceTitle":"2006 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS","conferenceDate":"31 July 2006 through 4 August 2006","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.2006.510","isbn":"0780395107; 9780780395107","usgsCitation":"Boardman, J., Clark, R.N., Mazer, A., Biehl, L., Kruse, F., Torson, J., and Staenz, K., 2006, Development and implementation of software systems for imaging spectroscopy, in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Denver, CO, 31 July 2006 through 4 August 2006, p. 1969-1973, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2006.510.","startPage":"1969","endPage":"1973","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209907,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2006.510"},{"id":236659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0025e4b0c8380cd4f5f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boardman, J.W.","contributorId":106301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boardman","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mazer, A.S.","contributorId":27660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazer","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biehl, L.L.","contributorId":70981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biehl","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kruse, F.A.","contributorId":30676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"F.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Torson, J.","contributorId":106691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torson","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Staenz, K.","contributorId":40790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staenz","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70028702,"text":"70028702 - 2006 - Effects of live-well conditions on mortality and largemouth bass virus prevalence in largemouth bass caught during summer tournaments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70028702","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of live-well conditions on mortality and largemouth bass virus prevalence in largemouth bass caught during summer tournaments","docAbstract":"We evaluated the effect of improved live-well conditions and the interaction of tournament stress and largemouth bass virus (LMBV) on tournament-associated mortality of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides caught during 12 summer tournaments. Improvements in live-well conditions (reduction in water temperature by 2-5??C; addition of NaCl; continuous aeration) significantly reduced initial mortality of largemouth bass from 7% to 3% (F 1,11 = 10.29, P < 0.01). However, postrelease mortality of fish held for 5 d in net-pens or raceways was not reduced by the improved live-well conditions and averaged 76% for all tournament fish (F1,11 = 0.09, P = 0.77). The percentage of angler-caught fish infected with LMBV at the end of tournaments (14%) was significantly higher (P = 0.05) than the percentage infected in the general population (7%). The percentage of LMBV-infected fish increased during the post-tournament retention period to 64% for fish from live wells with improved conditions and 70% for fish from control live wells. Reference fish collected by electrofishing and held with tournament fish for 5 d also had high mortality (59%) and LMBV prevalence (47%), but these variables were significantly lower than those for tournament fish (mortality: F 2,30 = 3.63, P = 0.04; prevalence [Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test]: P < 0.01). Many of the fish also had bacterial diseases during the post-tournament period, so the effect of LMBV on postrelease mortality could not be determined. However, the higher postrelease mortality of tournament and reference fish in our study relative to that observed in previous tournaments on lakes presumed free of LMBV suggests that this newly discovered pathogen influences measurement of post-tournament mortality. Increases in LMBV prevalence after typical fishing tournaments without prolonged post-tournament fish confinement will probably be lower than those we observed, but further research on the effects of LMBV on fish released from tournaments is warranted. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M04-210.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Schramm, H., Walters, A., Grizzle, J., Beck, B., Hanson, L.A., and Rees, S., 2006, Effects of live-well conditions on mortality and largemouth bass virus prevalence in largemouth bass caught during summer tournaments: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 26, no. 4, p. 812-825, https://doi.org/10.1577/M04-210.1.","startPage":"812","endPage":"825","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209738,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M04-210.1"},{"id":236435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0747e4b0c8380cd51619","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schramm, H.L. Jr.","contributorId":103823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schramm","given":"H.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, A.R.","contributorId":22953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grizzle, J.M.","contributorId":57016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grizzle","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beck, B.H.","contributorId":30423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"B.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hanson, L. A.","contributorId":21111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"L.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rees, S.B.","contributorId":83322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rees","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028723,"text":"70028723 - 2006 - Factors influencing nest success of songbirds in aspen and willow riparian areas in the Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T14:57:23","indexId":"70028723","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors influencing nest success of songbirds in aspen and willow riparian areas in the Great Basin","docAbstract":"Recent studies have examined the effects of livestock grazing, agriculture, and human habitation on nest predation and brood parasitism in riparian areas in the western United States. However, we know little about factors influencing nest success in riparian areas lacking such anthropogenic influences, in part because the influences are so pervasive. We studied riparian bird communities in a 115 000 ha wildlife refuge where livestock grazing was discontinued > 10 years ago, and which has little nearby agriculture or human habitation. We monitored nests on 24 aspen (Populus tremuloides) and 10 willow (Salix spp.) plots. Brood parasitism rates were substantially lower than at other western sites and did not differ between aspen and willow habitats. Nest success in aspen was relatively high compared to that reported for other western sites and higher than in willow. Predators may have been able to find nests more efficiently in willow than in aspen because territory densities were higher in willow (40 versus 30 pairs per ha, respectively), because willow had less structural heterogeneity, or both. We did not find strong evidence that nest success was influenced by aspen patch size or distance to riparian edge, indicating that even small aspen patches provide valuable nesting habitat. Weather was an important cause of nest failure, particularly at higher elevations during late-spring snowstorms. Our results indicate that riparian areas without major anthropogenic impacts, especially aspen stands, constitute high-quality breeding habitat and warrant conservation focus. ?? The Cooper Ornithological Society 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[842:FINSOS]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Heltzel, J., and Earnst, S., 2006, Factors influencing nest success of songbirds in aspen and willow riparian areas in the Great Basin: Condor, v. 108, no. 4, p. 842-855, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[842:FINSOS]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"842","endPage":"855","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477486,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[842:finsos]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236717,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209951,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[842:FINSOS]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"108","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ec7e4b0c8380cd53608","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heltzel, J.M.","contributorId":61626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heltzel","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Earnst, S.L.","contributorId":27018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earnst","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028879,"text":"70028879 - 2006 - Transport of horseshoe crab eggs by waves and swash on an estuarine beach: Implications for foraging shorebirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70028879","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of horseshoe crab eggs by waves and swash on an estuarine beach: Implications for foraging shorebirds","docAbstract":"The abundance of horseshoe crab eggs in the swash zone and remaining on the beach after tide levels fall was evaluated to identify how numbers of eggs available to shorebirds differ with fluctuations in spawning numbers of horseshoe crabs, wave energies and beach elevation changes. Field data were gathered 1-6 June 2004 at Slaughter Beach on the west side of Delaware Bay, USA. Counts of spawning crabs and process data from a pressure transducer and an anemometer and wind vane were related to number of eggs, embryos and larvae taken at depth and on the surface of the foreshore and in the active swash zone using a streamer trap. Beach elevation changes and depths of sediment activation were used to determine the potential for buried eggs to be exhumed by waves and swash. Mean significant wave heights during high water levels ranged from 0.08 to 0.40 m. Spawning counts were low (50-140 females km-1) when wave heights were low; no spawning occurred when wave heights were high. Vegetative litter (wrack) on the beach provides local traps for eggs, making more eggs available for shorebirds. Accumulation of litter on days when wave energy is low increases the probability that eggs will remain on the surface. High wave energies transport more eggs in the swash, but these eggs are dispersed or buried, and fewer eggs remain on the beach. Peaks in the number of eggs in the swash uprush occur during tidal rise and around time of high tide. The number of eggs in transport decreases during falling tide. Many more eggs move in the active swash zone than are found on the beach after water level falls, increasing the efficiency of bird foraging in the swash. Greater numbers of eggs in the swash during rising tide than falling tide and fewer eggs at lower elevations on the beach, imply that foraging becomes less productive as the tide falls and may help account for the tendency of shorebirds to feed on rising tides rather than on falling or low tides on days when no spawning occurs. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2006.06.027","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, K., Jackson, N., Smith, D., and Weber, R., 2006, Transport of horseshoe crab eggs by waves and swash on an estuarine beach: Implications for foraging shorebirds: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 70, no. 3, p. 438-448, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.06.027.","startPage":"438","endPage":"448","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209644,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.06.027"},{"id":236308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb751e4b08c986b3271bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, K.F.","contributorId":17733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, N.L.","contributorId":104189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":420153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weber, R.G.","contributorId":38686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028703,"text":"70028703 - 2006 - Shear velocity estimates on the inner shelf off Grays Harbor, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-27T10:52:35","indexId":"70028703","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shear velocity estimates on the inner shelf off Grays Harbor, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"Shear velocity was estimated from current measurements near the bottom off Grays Harbor, Washington between May 4 and June 6, 2001 under mostly wave-dominated conditions. A downward-looking pulse-coherent acoustic Doppler profiler (PCADP) and two acoustic-Doppler velocimeters (field version; ADVFs) were deployed on a tripod at 9-m water depth. Measurements from these instruments were used to estimate shear velocity with (1) a modified eddy-correlation (EC) technique, (2) the log-profile (LP) method, and (3) a dissipation-rate method. Although values produced by the three methods agreed reasonably well (within their broad ranges of uncertainty), there were important systematic differences. Estimates from the EC method were generally lowest, followed by those from the inertial-dissipation method. The LP method produced the highest values and the greatest scatter. We show that these results are consistent with boundary-layer theory when sediment-induced stratification is present. The EC method provides the most fundamental estimate of kinematic stress near the bottom, and stratification causes the LP method to overestimate bottom stress. These results remind us that the methods are not equivalent and that comparison among sites and with models should be made carefully. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2006.07.025","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Sherwood, C.R., Lacy, J., and Voulgaris, G., 2006, Shear velocity estimates on the inner shelf off Grays Harbor, Washington, USA: Continental Shelf Research, v. 26, no. 17-18, p. 1995-2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2006.07.025.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"1995","endPage":"2018","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Grays Harbor","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.5,\n 46.33\n ],\n [\n -123.5,\n 46.33\n ],\n [\n -123.5,\n 47.5\n ],\n [\n -124.5,\n 47.5\n ],\n [\n -124.5,\n 46.33\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"17-18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e57e4b08c986b31889f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherwood, C. R.","contributorId":48235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lacy, J.R.","contributorId":68508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacy","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voulgaris, G.","contributorId":73701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voulgaris","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028823,"text":"70028823 - 2006 - Geomorphic effects of large debris flows and flash floods, northern Venezuela, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70028823","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3804,"text":"Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, Supplementband","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomorphic effects of large debris flows and flash floods, northern Venezuela, 1999","docAbstract":"A rare, high-magnitude storm in northern Venezuela in December 1999 triggered debris flows and flash floods, and caused one of the worst natural disasters in the recorded history of the Americas. Some 15,000 people were killed. The debris flows and floods inundated coastal communities on alluvial fans at the mouths of a coastal mountain drainage network and destroyed property estimated at more than $2 billion. Landslides were abundant and widespread on steep slopes within areas underlain by schist and gneiss from near the coast to slightly over the crest of the mountain range. Some hillsides were entirely denuded by single or coalescing failures, which formed massive debris flows in river channels flowing out onto densely populated alluvial fans at the coast. The massive amount of sediment derived from 24 watersheds along 50 km of the coast during the storm and deposited on alluvial fans and beaches has been estimated at 15 to 20 million m3. Sediment yield for the 1999 storm from the approximately 200 km2 drainage area of watersheds upstream of the alluvial fans was as much as 100,000 m3/km2. Rapid economic development in this dynamic geomorphic environment close to the capital city of Caracas, in combination with a severe rain storm, resulted in the death of approximately 5% of the population (300,000 total prior to the storm) in the northern Venezuelan state of Vargas. ?? 2006 Gebru??der Borntraeger.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, Supplementband","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00442798","usgsCitation":"Larsen, M.C., and Wieczorek, G.F., 2006, Geomorphic effects of large debris flows and flash floods, northern Venezuela, 1999: Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, Supplementband, v. 145, p. 147-175.","startPage":"147","endPage":"175","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"145","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2789e4b0c8380cd59996","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, M. C.","contributorId":66287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wieczorek, G. F.","contributorId":50143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"G.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028704,"text":"70028704 - 2006 - Breeding ecology and nesting habitat associations of five marsh bird species in western New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70028704","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding ecology and nesting habitat associations of five marsh bird species in western New York","docAbstract":"Nesting habitats and nest success of five species of marsh birds were studied during 1997 and 1998 at the Iroquois National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) and the adjacent Oak Orchard and Tonawanda State Wildlife Management Areas (WMA) located in western New York. Nest searches located 18 American Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus), 117 Least Bittern (Ixobrychus exilis), 189 Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps), 23 Sora (Porzana carolina), and 72 Virginia Rail (Rallus limicola) nests. Average nest densities in 1998, our best nest searching year, ranged from 0.01/ha for Soras (N = 8) to 0.28/ha for Pied-billed Grebes (N = 160). Mayfield nest success estimates for Least Bittern were 80% (N = 16) in 1997 and 46% (N = 37) in 1998. Nest success estimates were 72% (N = 55) for Pied-billed Grebe, 43% (N = 6) for Sora, and 38% (N = 20) for Virginia Rail. Nests of all five species were located in ???70% emergent vegetation with a mean water depth of 24-56 cm and an average vegetation height that ranged from 69-133 cm. Logistic regression models were developed for each species using habitat variables at nest and random site locations. Each model was ranked with Akaike's Information Criterion for small sample size (AICc). In general, our best models indicated that increased emergent vegetation and horizontal cover with shallow water depths improved the odds of encountering marsh bird nests in the wetlands of western New York. We suggest that managing wetlands as a complex, at different stages of succession, would best benefit marsh bird species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[427:BEANHA]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15244695","usgsCitation":"Lor, S., and Malecki, R., 2006, Breeding ecology and nesting habitat associations of five marsh bird species in western New York: Waterbirds, v. 29, no. 4, p. 427-436, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[427:BEANHA]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"427","endPage":"436","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209765,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[427:BEANHA]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f26ce4b0c8380cd4b17e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lor, S.","contributorId":49495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lor","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malecki, R.A.","contributorId":70498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malecki","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028705,"text":"70028705 - 2006 - Coastal landslide material loss rates associated with severe climatic events","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70028705","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coastal landslide material loss rates associated with severe climatic events","docAbstract":"Deep-seated landslides along the California coast deliver large amounts of material to the nearshore littoral environment. Landslide movement, a combined result of slope base undercutting by waves and ground saturation, is highly episodic. Movement occurs primarily during periods of high rainfall and large waves, such as those associated with El Nin??o events. This analysis applies remote-sensing techniques to quantify the volumetric net loss rates at three specific landslide sites along the Big Sur coast over three approximately decadal time periods, two of which contained the largest El Nin??o events of the twentieth century. High-resolution historical terrain models were compared in order to provide surface-elevation change data for each landslide complex. To determine the material influx to the littoral system, the landslide complexes were divided into upper and lower slopes, and the surface-elevation change was converted to a volume loss. Some material lost from the upper slope was deposited at the slope base, not into the littoral system. We describe a method to calculate the net loss that omits the deposition volumes from the upper slope. Loss rates were found to be substantially higher during the periods in which El Nin??o events occurred. This is especially true during the period of the 1997-1998 El Nin??o, when 75% of the total material volume was lost, and loss rates were much as sixteen times higher than during non-El Nin??o periods. ?? 2006 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G22900A.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Hapke, C., and Green, K., 2006, Coastal landslide material loss rates associated with severe climatic events: Geology, v. 34, no. 12, p. 1077-1080, https://doi.org/10.1130/G22900A.1.","startPage":"1077","endPage":"1080","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209766,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G22900A.1"},{"id":236473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f784e4b0c8380cd4cb6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hapke, C.J.","contributorId":108233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, K.R.","contributorId":72185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028833,"text":"70028833 - 2006 - The practical use of simplicity in developing ground water models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028833","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The practical use of simplicity in developing ground water models","docAbstract":"The advantages of starting with simple models and building complexity slowly can be significant in the development of ground water models. In many circumstances, simpler models are characterized by fewer defined parameters and shorter execution times. In this work, the number of parameters is used as the primary measure of simplicity and complexity; the advantages of shorter execution times also are considered. The ideas are presented in the context of constructing ground water models but are applicable to many fields. Simplicity first is put in perspective as part of the entire modeling process using 14 guidelines for effective model calibration. It is noted that neither very simple nor very complex models generally produce the most accurate predictions and that determining the appropriate level of complexity is an ill-defined process. It is suggested that a thorough evaluation of observation errors is essential to model development. Finally, specific ways are discussed to design useful ground water models that have fewer parameters and shorter execution times.","largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00227.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., 2006, The practical use of simplicity in developing ground water models, in Ground Water, v. 44, no. 6, p. 775-781, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00227.x.","startPage":"775","endPage":"781","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209931,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2006.00227.x"},{"id":236691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baec0e4b08c986b3242f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028779,"text":"70028779 - 2006 - Addition of simultaneous heat and solute transport and variable fluid viscosity to SEAWAT","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70028779","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Addition of simultaneous heat and solute transport and variable fluid viscosity to SEAWAT","docAbstract":"SEAWAT is a finite-difference computer code designed to simulate coupled variable-density ground water flow and solute transport. This paper describes a new version of SEAWAT that adds the ability to simultaneously model energy and solute transport. This is necessary for simulating the transport of heat and salinity in coastal aquifers for example. This work extends the equation of state for fluid density to vary as a function of temperature and/or solute concentration. The program has also been modified to represent the effects of variable fluid viscosity as a function of temperature and/or concentration. The viscosity mechanism is verified against an analytical solution, and a test of temperature-dependent viscosity is provided. Finally, the classic Henry-Hilleke problem is solved with the new code. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2006.04.005","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Thorne, D., Langevin, C., and Sukop, M., 2006, Addition of simultaneous heat and solute transport and variable fluid viscosity to SEAWAT: Computers & Geosciences, v. 32, no. 10, p. 1758-1768, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2006.04.005.","startPage":"1758","endPage":"1768","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209769,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2006.04.005"},{"id":236477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6e7e4b0c8380cd47705","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorne, D.","contributorId":64009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorne","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langevin, C.D.","contributorId":25976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sukop, M.C.","contributorId":88468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sukop","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70180912,"text":"70180912 - 2006 - Postrelease movements and survival of adult and young black-footed ferrets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T14:43:10","indexId":"70180912","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Postrelease movements and survival of adult and young black-footed ferrets","docAbstract":"A successful captive breeding program for highly endangered black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) has resulted in surplus animals that have been released at multiple sites since 1991. Because reproductive output of captive ferrets declines after several years, many adult ferrets must be removed from captive breeding facilities annually to keep total production high. Adults are routinely released, with young-of-the-year, on prairie dog (Cynomys spp.) colonies. We evaluated postrelease movements and survival rates for 94 radio-tagged young and adult ferrets. Radio-tagged adult ferrets made longer movements than young ferrets during the night of release and had significantly lower survival rates for the first 14 days. Coyotes (Canis latrans) caused the largest number of ferret losses. A larger data set of 623 ferrets represented adults and young that were individually marked with passive integrated transponders but were not radio tagged. Minimum survival rates, calculated primarily from ferrets detected during spotlight searches and identified with tag readers, again were significantly lower for adults than for young ferrets at 30 days postrelease (10.1 percent and 45.5 percent survival, respectively) and at 150 days postrelease (5.7 percent and 25.9 percent). Assessment of known survival time by using linear modeling demonstrated a significant interaction between age and sex, with greater disparity between adults and kits for females than for males. Postrelease survival of adult ferrets might be increased if animals were given earlier and longer exposure to the quasinatural environments of preconditioning pens.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Recovery of the black-footed ferret: Progress and continuing challenges- Proceedings of the Symposium on the Status of the Black-footed Ferret and Its Habitat, Fort Collins, Colorado, January 28-29, 2004 (Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5293)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Symposium on the Status of the Black-footed Ferret and Its Habitat","conferenceDate":"January 28-29, 2004","conferenceLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Biggins, D.E., Godbey, J.L., Livieri, T., Matchett, M.R., and Bibles, B.D., 2006, Postrelease movements and survival of adult and young black-footed ferrets, in Recovery of the black-footed ferret: Progress and continuing challenges- Proceedings of the Symposium on the Status of the Black-footed Ferret and Its Habitat, Fort Collins, Colorado, January 28-29, 2004 (Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5293), Fort Collins, CO, January 28-29, 2004, p. 191-200.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"200","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334903,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334902,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5293/report.pdf#page=202","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589aeab3e4b0efcedb72d255","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godbey, Jerry L. godbeyj@usgs.gov","contributorId":5121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godbey","given":"Jerry","email":"godbeyj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":662798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Livieri, Travis M.","contributorId":16265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livieri","given":"Travis M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Matchett, Marc R.","contributorId":35581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matchett","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bibles, Brent D.","contributorId":77720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bibles","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028780,"text":"70028780 - 2006 - The use of artificial impoundments by two amphibian species in the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70028780","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2898,"text":"Northeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of artificial impoundments by two amphibian species in the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area","docAbstract":"We compared breeding activity of Ambystoma maculatum (Spotted Salamander) and Rana sylvatica (Wood Frog) in artificial impoundments to patterns in natural wetlands over a three-year period in the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area. Rana sylvatica were 5.6 times more likely to use natural bodies of water for breeding than artificial impoundments, while A. maculatum were 2.7 times more likely to use natural bodies of water. Both species were approximately 9 times more likely to breed in fishless bodies of water than in waters with predatory fish. Ambystoma maculatum were 6 times more likely to breed in wetlands with more stable seasonal hydroperiods, while R. sylvatica were only 2 times more likely to do so. We conclude that the high likelihood of fish presence in impoundments was the primary explanation for why both species were less likely to use impoundments than natural wetlands, while the tendency of A. maculatum to avoid natural wetlands with shorter hydroperiods explained why differences in use between pond types was more pronounced for R. sylvatica.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northeastern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1656/1092-6194(2006)13[459:TUOAIB]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10926194","usgsCitation":"Julian, J., Snyder, C., and Young, J., 2006, The use of artificial impoundments by two amphibian species in the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area: Northeastern Naturalist, v. 13, no. 4, p. 459-468, https://doi.org/10.1656/1092-6194(2006)13[459:TUOAIB]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"459","endPage":"468","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209770,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1656/1092-6194(2006)13[459:TUOAIB]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb161e4b08c986b3252fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Julian, J.T.","contributorId":106686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julian","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snyder, C.D.","contributorId":73540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, J.A. 0000-0002-4500-3673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-3673","contributorId":37674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":419723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028739,"text":"70028739 - 2006 - DNA damage and external lesions in brown bullheads (Ameiurus nebulosus) from contaminated habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T10:18:47","indexId":"70028739","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"DNA damage and external lesions in brown bullheads (Ameiurus nebulosus) from contaminated habitats","docAbstract":"The Comet assay was used to compare levels of DNA damage in brown bullheads (Ameiurus nebulosus) collected from three known contaminated locations, the Cuyahoga River (OH, USA), Ashtabula River (OH, USA; both tributaries to Lake Erie, USA), and Ashumet Pond (Cape Cod, MA, USA), with brown bullheads collected from three paired reference sites, Old Woman Creek (OH, USA), Conneaut River (OH, USA; both tributaries to Lake Erie), and Great Herring Pond (mainland MA, USA), respectively. Blood was sampled from each fish, and the Comet assay was conducted on erythrocytes. The assay results demonstrate that fish from the three contaminated sites each suffered higher DNA damage compared with fish from their respective reference sites. The results also show that the genetic damage was associated with the occurrence of external lesions and deformities in fish. The Comet assay is sufficiently sensitive to detect exposure of natural fish populations to environmental levels of genotoxic contaminants.
Little information is available on the effects of implanting 23-mm passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags in salmonids less than 90 mm fork length (FL). Using juvenile steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss (range, 73–97 mm FL), we compared instantaneous growth rates and survival among three experimental groups: control, surgery with no tag, and surgery with tag. Survival rate was lower for tagged fish (86%) than for control and surgery−no tag fish (virtually 100% in each group). Approximately 90% of the mortalities occurred during days 1–3. Growth rate for the tagged group was lower for the first two 10-d measurement intervals; however, during the third 10-d interval, growth rates for tagged fish equaled or exceeded values for the other groups. These results suggest that tagged fish recovered by day 20. Growth rates for the control and surgery−no tag groups did not differ from one another during any measurement interval. Tag retention rate was 97% over the 30-d period of the study. It appears that the combination of fish length and tag size in this study resulted in short-term negative effects on growth rate and survival; however, 23-mm PIT tags may still be useful for studies of salmonids 80–90 mm FL when survival is not the parameter of interest.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1577/M05-111.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Bateman, D., and Gresswell, R., 2006, Survival and growth of age-0 steelhead after surgical implantation of 23-mm passive integrated transponders: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 26, no. 3, p. 545-550, https://doi.org/10.1577/M05-111.1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"545","endPage":"550","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209615,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M05-111.1"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba2b0e4b08c986b31f8ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bateman, D.S.","contributorId":21103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bateman","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gresswell, R. E.","contributorId":38084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028689,"text":"70028689 - 2006 - Submarine gravity slides on the Paleozoic continental slope at the western edge of the Great Basin, east-cental California: A mechanism for development of unconformities in slope environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028689","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3481,"text":"Stratigraphy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Submarine gravity slides on the Paleozoic continental slope at the western edge of the Great Basin, east-cental California: A mechanism for development of unconformities in slope environments","docAbstract":"The middle Paleozoic continental slope, represented by rocks exposed near Badger Flat in the northwestern Inyo Mountains, at the western edge of the Great Basin in east-central California, failed by submarine gravity sliding twice during Silurian and Devonian time. Each time a major unconformity was developed between the surface exposed beneath the slides and the much younger rocks deposited after the slope failures. The first slope-failure event took place between the late Early Silurian and the end of the Late Silurian when much of the upper member of the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian Ely Springs Dolomite was detached and displaced as a coherent slab ???1 km down slope. The second event occurred in the Middle Devonian when rocks of the Ely Springs Dolomite were again detached, this time forming a rockslide that traveled about 10km down slope to the northwest where it was deposited as a chaotic breccia >250m thick. These events took place as the region was undergoing substantial geomorphic change. The first detachment resulted from an abrupt steepening of the slope, an event previously recognized as having occurred all along the continental margin from eastern California to central Idaho. The second event probably was triggered by a pronounced drop in sea level on the already rather steep slope. At least one similar detachment resulting in an unconformity has been recognized along the middle Paleozoic margin in central Nevada. Recognition of these slope-failure events in an area of unusually complete exposure of middle Paleozoic slope deposits provides an excellent example of a mechanism other than submarine erosion or nondeposition to explain the development of unconformities in ancient slope sequences.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Stratigraphy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00262803","usgsCitation":"Stevens, C., and Stone, P., 2006, Submarine gravity slides on the Paleozoic continental slope at the western edge of the Great Basin, east-cental California: A mechanism for development of unconformities in slope environments: Stratigraphy, v. 3, no. 2, p. 139-149.","startPage":"139","endPage":"149","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236257,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d25e4b08c986b31d680","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, C.H.","contributorId":16102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"C.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, P.","contributorId":93632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028844,"text":"70028844 - 2006 - Quantity-activity relationship of denitrifying bacteria and environmental scaling in streams of a forested watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70028844","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantity-activity relationship of denitrifying bacteria and environmental scaling in streams of a forested watershed","docAbstract":"The spatial variability of subreach denitrification rates in streams was evaluated with respect to controlling environmental conditions, molecular examination of denitrifying bacteria, and dimensional analysis. Denitrification activities ranged from 0 and 800 ng-N gsed-1 d-1 with large variations observed within short distances (<50 m) along stream reaches. A log-normal probability distribution described the range in denitrification activities and was used to define low (16% of the probability distributibn), medium (68%), and high (16%) denitrification potential groups. Denitrifying bacteria were quantified using a competitive polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) technique that amplified the nirK gene that encodes for nitrite reductase. Results showed a range of nirK quantities from 103 to 107 gene-copy-number gsed.-1 A nonparametric statistical test showed no significant difference in nirK quantifies among stream reaches, but revealed that samples with a high denitrification potential had significantly higher nirK quantities. Denitrification activity was positively correlated with nirK quantities with scatter in the data that can be attributed to varying environmental conditions along stream reaches. Dimensional analysis was used to evaluate denitrification activities according to environmental variables that describe fluid-flow properties, nitrate and organic material quantities, and dissolved oxygen flux. Buckingham's pi theorem was used to generate dimensionless groupings and field data were used to determine scaling parameters. The resulting expressions between dimensionless NO3- flux and dimensionless groupings of environmental variables showed consistent scaling, which indicates that the subreach variability in denitrification rates can be predicted by the controlling physical, chemical, and microbiological conditions. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006JG000254","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"O’Connor, B., Hondzo, M., Dobraca, D., LaPara, T., Finlay, J., and Brezonik, P., 2006, Quantity-activity relationship of denitrifying bacteria and environmental scaling in streams of a forested watershed: Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences, v. 111, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JG000254.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477469,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jg000254","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209642,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JG000254"},{"id":236306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a924ce4b0c8380cd80794","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Connor, B.L.","contributorId":24977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hondzo, Miki","contributorId":11816,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hondzo","given":"Miki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12693,"text":"Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering and St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, Minneapolis, MN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":419954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dobraca, D.","contributorId":99755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dobraca","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LaPara, T.M.","contributorId":24150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPara","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Finlay, J.A.","contributorId":98097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finlay","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brezonik, P.L.","contributorId":27001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brezonik","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028688,"text":"70028688 - 2006 - Automatic alignment of vector data and orthoimagery for the national map","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028688","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Automatic alignment of vector data and orthoimagery for the national map","docAbstract":"A general problem in combining road vector data with orthoimagery from different sources is that they rarely align. There are a variety of causes to this problem, but the most common one is that the latest products are collected with higher accuracy and improved processing techniques. In previous work, we developed techniques to automatically correct the alignment of vector data with orthoimagery using a technique called conflation. However, in applying our technique to real-world datasets provided by USGS, we discovered that these techniques failed in some areas. In this paper, we describe some refinements to our original approach that provide consistently better results in aligning the vector data with the orthoimagery.","largerWorkTitle":"ACM International Conference Proceeding Series","conferenceTitle":"7th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research, Dg.o 2006","conferenceDate":"21 May 2006 through 24 May 2006","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","doi":"10.1145/1146598.1146680","usgsCitation":"Knoblock, C., Shahabi, C., Chen, C., and Usery, E., 2006, Automatic alignment of vector data and orthoimagery for the national map, in ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, v. 151, San Diego, CA, 21 May 2006 through 24 May 2006, p. 303-304, https://doi.org/10.1145/1146598.1146680.","startPage":"303","endPage":"304","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209997,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1146598.1146680"}],"volume":"151","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eef8e4b0c8380cd4a094","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knoblock, C.A.","contributorId":105107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knoblock","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shahabi, C.","contributorId":51521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shahabi","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chen, C.-C.","contributorId":22559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"C.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Usery, E.L.","contributorId":45355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028707,"text":"70028707 - 2006 - Field investigation of the drift shadow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70028707","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Field investigation of the drift shadow","docAbstract":"The \"Drift Shadow\" is defined as the relatively drier region that forms below subsurface cavities or drifts in unsaturated rock. Its existence has been predicted through analytical and numerical models of unsaturated flow. However, these theoretical predictions have not been demonstrated empirically to date. In this project we plan to test the drift shadow concept through field investigations and compare our observations to simulations. Based on modeling studies we have an identified a suitable site to perform the study at an inactive mine in a sandstone formation. Pretest modeling studies and preliminary characterization of the site are being used to develop the field scale tests.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, IHLRWM","conferenceTitle":"11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference","conferenceDate":"30 April 2006 through 4 May 2006","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","isbn":"0894486918; 9780894486913","usgsCitation":"Su, G., Kneafsey, T., Ghezzehei, T., Cook, P., and Marshall, B., 2006, Field investigation of the drift shadow, in Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, IHLRWM, v. 2006, Las Vegas, NV, 30 April 2006 through 4 May 2006, p. 48-54.","startPage":"48","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2006","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fc2e4b0c8380cd539e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Su, G.W.","contributorId":23314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Su","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kneafsey, T.J.","contributorId":40330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kneafsey","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ghezzehei, T.A.","contributorId":68948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ghezzehei","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cook, P.J.","contributorId":67271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marshall, B.D.","contributorId":19581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028871,"text":"70028871 - 2006 - Seismic characteristics of central Brazil crust and upper mantle: A deep seismic refraction study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-28T15:07:48.918445","indexId":"70028871","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic characteristics of central Brazil crust and upper mantle: A deep seismic refraction study","docAbstract":"[1] A two‐dimensional model of the Brazilian central crust and upper mantle was obtained from the traveltime interpretation of deep seismic refraction data from the Porangatu and Cavalcante lines, each approximately 300 km long. When the lines were deployed, they overlapped by 50 km, forming an E‐W transect approximately 530 km long across the Tocantins Province and western São Francisco Craton. The Tocantins Province formed during the Neoproterozoic when the São Francisco, the Paranapanema, and the Amazon cratons collided, following the subduction of the former Goiás ocean basin. Average crustal VP and VP/VS ratios, Moho topography, and lateral discontinuities within crustal layers suggest that the crust beneath central Brazil can be associated with major geological domains recognized at the surface. The Moho is an irregular interface, between 36 and 44 km deep, that shows evidences of first‐order tectonic structures. The 8.05 and 8.23 km s−1 P wave velocities identify the upper mantle beneath the Porangatu and Cavalcante lines, respectively. The observed seismic features allow for the identification of (1) the crust has largely felsic composition in the studied region, (2) the absence of the mafic‐ultramafic root beneath the Goiás magmatic arc, and (3) block tectonics in the foreland fold‐and‐thrust belt of the northern Brasília Belt during the Neoproterozoic. Seismic data also suggested that the Bouguer gravimetric discontinuities are mainly compensated by differences in mass distribution within the lithospheric mantle. Finally, the Goiás‐Tocantins seismic belt can be interpreted as a natural seismic alignment related to the Neoproterozoic mantle domain.