{"pageNumber":"2482","pageRowStart":"62025","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68802,"records":[{"id":70040746,"text":"70040746 - 1969 - Floods in New York - 1967","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T18:23:46","indexId":"70040746","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5495,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Report of Investigations","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"RI-3","title":"Floods in New York - 1967","language":"English","publisher":"New York State Water Resources Commission","publisherLocation":"Albany, NY","usgsCitation":"Robinson, F., 1969, Floods in New York - 1967: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Report of Investigations RI-3, 32 p.","productDescription":"32 p.","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263180,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.76,40.48 ], [ -79.76,45.02 ], [ -71.86,45.02 ], [ -71.86,40.48 ], [ -79.76,40.48 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a61d04e4b0d446a665c9ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, F.L.","contributorId":56720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70040749,"text":"70040749 - 1969 - Time-of-travel study, Mohawk River Rome, New York to Cohoes, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T18:24:17","indexId":"70040749","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5495,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Report of Investigations","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"RI-6","title":"Time-of-travel study, Mohawk River Rome, New York to Cohoes, New York","language":"English","publisher":"New York State Water Resources Commission","publisherLocation":"Albany, NY","usgsCitation":"Shindel, H., 1969, Time-of-travel study, Mohawk River Rome, New York to Cohoes, New York: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Report of Investigations RI-6, 48 p.","productDescription":"48 p.","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263183,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.76,40.48 ], [ -79.76,45.02 ], [ -71.86,45.02 ], [ -71.86,40.48 ], [ -79.76,40.48 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a61d77e4b0d446a665ca1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shindel, H.L.","contributorId":17652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shindel","given":"H.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70040748,"text":"70040748 - 1969 - Ground-water pollution from natural gas and oil production in New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T18:24:06","indexId":"70040748","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5495,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Report of Investigations","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"RI-5","title":"Ground-water pollution from natural gas and oil production in New York","language":"English","publisher":"New York State Water Resources Commission","publisherLocation":"Albany, NY","usgsCitation":"Crain, L., 1969, Ground-water pollution from natural gas and oil production in New York: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Report of Investigations RI-5, 15 p.","productDescription":"15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263182,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.76,40.48 ], [ -79.76,45.02 ], [ -71.86,45.02 ], [ -71.86,40.48 ], [ -79.76,40.48 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a61d22e4b0d446a665c9e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crain, L.J.","contributorId":70829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crain","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70040747,"text":"70040747 - 1969 - Instructions for data storage-Characteristics of New York lakes-Part 1-Gazetteer of lakes, ponds and reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T18:23:55","indexId":"70040747","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5495,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Report of Investigations","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"RI-4","title":"Instructions for data storage-Characteristics of New York lakes-Part 1-Gazetteer of lakes, ponds and reservoirs","language":"English","publisher":"New York State Water Resources Commission","publisherLocation":"Albany, NY","usgsCitation":"Greeson, P., Williams, G., and Robinson, F., 1969, Instructions for data storage-Characteristics of New York lakes-Part 1-Gazetteer of lakes, ponds and reservoirs: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Report of Investigations RI-4, 28 p.","productDescription":"28 p.","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263181,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.76,40.48 ], [ -79.76,45.02 ], [ -71.86,45.02 ], [ -71.86,40.48 ], [ -79.76,40.48 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a61d31e4b0d446a665c9e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greeson, P. E.","contributorId":50908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeson","given":"P. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Gary E.","contributorId":86112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Gary E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, F.L.","contributorId":56720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70046326,"text":"wdrNM681 - 1969 - Water resources data for New Mexico, water year 1968; Part 1. Surface water records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-08T10:53:12","indexId":"wdrNM681","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NM-68-1","title":"Water resources data for New Mexico, water year 1968; Part 1. Surface water records","docAbstract":"The surface-water records for the 1968 water year for gaging stations, partial record stations, and miscellaneous sites within the State of New Mexico are given in this report. For convenience there are also included records for a few pertinent gaging stations in bordering States. The records were collected and computed by the Water Resources Division of the U. S. Geological Survey, under the direction of W. E. Hale, District Chief, Water Resources Division. This report is the eighth in a series presenting, annually, basic data on surfacewater records by States. Through September 30, 1960, \"the records of discharge and stage of streams and contents and stage of lakes or reservoirs were published in an annual series of U. S. Geological Survey water-supply papers entitled \"Surface Water Supply of the United States.!! Since 1951 there have been 20 volumes in the series; each volume covered an area whose boundaries coincided with those of certain natural drainage areas. The records in New Mexico were contained in Parts 7, 8, and 9 of that series. Beginning with the 1961 water year, streamflow records and related data have been released by the Geological Survey in annual reports on a State-boundary basis. Distribution of these basic-data reports is limited and primarily for local needs. The records will be published in Geological Survey water-supply papers at 5-year intervals. These 5-year water-supply papers will show daily discharge and will be compiled on the same geographical areas previously used for the annual series; however, some of the 14 parts of conterminous United States will be further subdivided.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Santa Fe, NM","doi":"10.3133/wdrNM681","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of New Mexico and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1969, Water resources data for New Mexico, water year 1968; Part 1. Surface water records: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NM-68-1, 258 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNM681.","productDescription":"258 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273455,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274524,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1968/nm-68/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.052,31.3322 ], [ -109.052,37.0003 ], [ -103.002,37.0003 ], [ -103.002,31.3322 ], [ -109.052,31.3322 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b300eae4b01368e589e420","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70040752,"text":"70040752 - 1969 - Floods in New York-1968","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T18:24:48","indexId":"70040752","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5495,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Report of Investigations","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"RI-9","title":"Floods in New York-1968","language":"English","publisher":"New York State Water Resources Commission","publisherLocation":"Albany, NY","usgsCitation":"Robison, F., 1969, Floods in New York-1968: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Report of Investigations RI-9, 30 p.","productDescription":"30 p.","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263186,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.76,40.48 ], [ -79.76,45.02 ], [ -71.86,45.02 ], [ -71.86,40.48 ], [ -79.76,40.48 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a61d11e4b0d446a665c9d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robison, F.L.","contributorId":41889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robison","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70040751,"text":"70040751 - 1969 - The limnology of Oneida Lake-An interim report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T18:24:39","indexId":"70040751","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5495,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Report of Investigations","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"RI-8","title":"The limnology of Oneida Lake-An interim report","language":"English","publisher":"New York State Water Resources Commission","publisherLocation":"Albany, NY","usgsCitation":"Greeson, P., and Meyers, G., 1969, The limnology of Oneida Lake-An interim report: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Report of Investigations RI-8, 64 p.","productDescription":"64 p.","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263185,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.76,40.48 ], [ -79.76,45.02 ], [ -71.86,45.02 ], [ -71.86,40.48 ], [ -79.76,40.48 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a61d62e4b0d446a665ca06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greeson, P. E.","contributorId":50908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeson","given":"P. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyers, G.S.","contributorId":51610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70040753,"text":"70040753 - 1969 - Time-of-travel study, Upper Hudson River, Fort Edward, New York to Troy lock and dam, Troy, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T18:24:57","indexId":"70040753","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5495,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Report of Investigations","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"RI-10","title":"Time-of-travel study, Upper Hudson River, Fort Edward, New York to Troy lock and dam, Troy, New York","language":"English","publisher":"New York State Water Resources Commission","publisherLocation":"Albany, NY","usgsCitation":"Shindel, H., 1969, Time-of-travel study, Upper Hudson River, Fort Edward, New York to Troy lock and dam, Troy, New York: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Report of Investigations RI-10, 37 p.","productDescription":"37 p.","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263187,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.76,40.48 ], [ -79.76,45.02 ], [ -71.86,45.02 ], [ -71.86,40.48 ], [ -79.76,40.48 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a61d7ce4b0d446a665ca1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shindel, H.L.","contributorId":17652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shindel","given":"H.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70040750,"text":"70040750 - 1969 - Water availability in urban areas of the Susquehanna River basin-A preliminary appraisal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T18:24:27","indexId":"70040750","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5495,"text":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Report of Investigations","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"RI-7","title":"Water availability in urban areas of the Susquehanna River basin-A preliminary appraisal","language":"English","publisher":"New York State Water Resources Commission","publisherLocation":"Albany, NY","usgsCitation":"MacNish, R., Randall, A., and Ku, H., 1969, Water availability in urban areas of the Susquehanna River basin-A preliminary appraisal: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Report of Investigations RI-7, 24 p.","productDescription":"24 p.","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263184,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.76,40.48 ], [ -79.76,45.02 ], [ -71.86,45.02 ], [ -71.86,40.48 ], [ -79.76,40.48 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50a61d84e4b0d446a665ca25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacNish, R.D.","contributorId":16442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacNish","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Randall, A. D.","contributorId":81077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ku, H.F.H.","contributorId":53012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ku","given":"H.F.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":468955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70164503,"text":"70164503 - 1969 - Some factors influencing susceptibility of rainbow trout to the acute toxicity of an ethyl mercury phosphate formulation (Timsan)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-08T16:10:24","indexId":"70164503","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some factors influencing susceptibility of rainbow trout to the acute toxicity of an ethyl mercury phosphate formulation (Timsan)","docAbstract":"<p class=\"last\">This study determined the influence of water temperature (55&ndash;68&deg; F), dissolved oxygen (4&ndash;12 ppm), water hardness as CaCO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp;(20&ndash;256 ppm), and chloride ions (to 2 mM) on the susceptibility of rainbow trout (<i>Salmo gairdneri</i>) to the acute toxicity of ethyl mercury phosphate (EMP). The fish were exposed for one hour to 0.125 ppm EMP, the active ingredient of Timsan, a commercial EMP formulation. The death rate because of the exposure to EMP increased with an increase in water temperature, a decrease in dissolved oxygen, and an increase in chloride ions; calcium appeared to have no effect. The effect of water temperature and dissolved oxygen was ascribed to changes in the respiration rate of the fish, and a chemical explanation is presented for the effect of chloride ions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1969)98[419:SFISOR]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Amend, D.F., Yasutake, W.T., and Morgan, R., 1969, Some factors influencing susceptibility of rainbow trout to the acute toxicity of an ethyl mercury phosphate formulation (Timsan): Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 98, no. 3, p. 419-425, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1969)98[419:SFISOR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"419","endPage":"425","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316710,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b9ca91e4b08d617f63a86f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amend, Donald F.","contributorId":106543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amend","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yasutake, William T.","contributorId":70444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yasutake","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan, Reginald","contributorId":156361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morgan","given":"Reginald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5220821,"text":"5220821 - 1969 - The killing efficiency of soft iron shot","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:58","indexId":"5220821","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:28","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3638,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The killing efficiency of soft iron shot","docAbstract":"A cooperative research effort between the ammunition industry and the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife is aimed at finding a suitable non-toxic substitute for lead shot. A contract study by an independent research organization evaluated ways of coating or detoxifying lead shot or replacing it with another metal. As a result of that study, the only promising candidate is soft iron. Previous tests of hard iron shot had suggested that its killing effectiveness was poor at longer ranges due to the lower density. In addition, its hardness caused excessive damage to shotgun barrels.  A unique, automated shooting facility was constructed at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center to test the killing effectiveness of soft iron shot under controlled conditions. Tethered game-farm mallards were transported across a shooting point in a manner simulating free flight. A microswitch triggered a mounted shotgun so that each shot was 'perfect.' A soft iron shot, in Number 4 size, was produced by the ammunition industry and loaded in 12-gauge shells to give optimum ballistic performance. Commercial loads of lead shot in both Number 4 and Number 6 size were used for comparison.  A total of 2,010 ducks were shot at ranges of 30 to 65 yards and at broadside and head-on angles in a statistically designed procedure. The following data were recorded for each duck: time until death, broken wing or leg bones, and number of embedded shot. Those ducks not killed outright were held for 10 days. From these data, ducks were categorized as 'probably bagged,' 'probably lost cripples,' or survivors.  The test revealed that the killing effectiveness of this soft iron shot was superior to its anticipated performance and close to that obtained with commercial lead loads containing an equal number of pellets. Bagging a duck, in terms of rapid death or broken wing, was primarily dependent on the probability of a shot striking that vital area, and therefore a function of range. There was no indication that iron shot would result in greater crippling loss.  Despite the apparent effectiveness of this iron shot, transition to its use in waterfowl hunting is not now possible. The sample used for this test was produced by a laboratory procedure that is unsuitable for manufacture. There is no process for producing soft iron shot in the quantities needed. Industry is doing its best to resolve this problem.  ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Andrews, R., and Longcore, J.R., 1969, The killing efficiency of soft iron shot: Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, v. 34, p. 337-345.","productDescription":"337-345","startPage":"337","endPage":"345","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199398,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64b250","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, R.","contributorId":62662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70047559,"text":"70047559 - 1969 - Water resources investigation program for Rio Aconcagua Valley, Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-30T20:14:29.119392","indexId":"70047559","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-01T10:25:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Water resources investigation program for Rio Aconcagua Valley, Chile","docAbstract":"This report, prepared at the request of the Government of Chile under the auspices of the U. S. Agency for International Development (US AID), is based on a 2-month assignment (Oct. 22 to Dec. 31, 1969) of the author and outlines a program of water resources studies. The study program, if followed to its conclusion, will provide the basic hydrologic and hydrogeologic information and analysis essential for planning optimum future development and use of the water resources of the valley.","language":"English, Spanish","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Santiago, Chile","doi":"10.3133/70047559","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Government of Chile","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.E., 1969, Water resources investigation program for Rio Aconcagua Valley, Chile: Open-File Report, iii, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70047559.","productDescription":"iii, 59 p.","numberOfPages":"66","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":276365,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047559/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":277871,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047559/report.pdf"}],"country":"Chile","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.9962,-34.0071 ], [ -71.9962,-31.8356 ], [ -69.9911,-31.8356 ], [ -69.9911,-34.0071 ], [ -71.9962,-34.0071 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520a0404e4b0026c2bc11d26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, John Ezra","contributorId":93582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"Ezra","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70039428,"text":"70039428 - 1969 - Activities and services of the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver area, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-11T01:01:51","indexId":"70039428","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-22T11:37:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Activities and services of the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver area, Colorado","docAbstract":"This booklet is a summary of the activities and services of the United States Geological Survey, written for people who have visited or plan to visit one or more of its offices in the Denver area as well as to provide general information about the Geological Survey and its work. Sources of additional information are listed on pages 42-43.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70039428","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1969, Activities and services of the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver area, Colorado, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039428.","productDescription":"45 p.","numberOfPages":"47","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261566,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039428/report.pdf"},{"id":261567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039428/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Denver","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.11666666666666,39.61666666666667 ], [ -105.11666666666666,39.85 ], [ -1.0677777777777777,39.85 ], [ -1.0677777777777777,39.61666666666667 ], [ -105.11666666666666,39.61666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6b1e4b0c8380cd475bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5658,"text":"pp498D - 1969 - Chemical properties of ground water and their corrosion and encrustation effects on wells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-15T13:09:06","indexId":"pp498D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"498","chapter":"D","title":"Chemical properties of ground water and their corrosion and encrustation effects on wells","docAbstract":"<p>Well waters in Egypt, Nigeria, and West Pakistan were studied for their chemical properties and corrosive or encrusting behavior. From the chemical composition of the waters, reaction states with reference to equilibrium were tested for 29 possible coexisting oxides, carbonates, sulfides, and elements. Of the 29 solids considered, only calcite, CaCO<sub>3</sub>, and ferric hydroxide, Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub>, showed any correlation with the corrosiveness of the waters to mild steel (iron metal). All 39 of the waters tested were out of equilibrium with iron metal, but those waters in equilibrium or supersaturated with both calcite and ferric hydroxide were the least corrosive. Supersaturation with other solid phases apparently was unrelated to corrosion. </p><p>A number of solids may form surface deposits in wells and lead to decreased yields by fouling well intakes (screens and gravel packs) or increasing friction losses in casings. Calcite, CaCO<sub>3</sub>; ferric hydroxide, Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub>; magnetite, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>; siderite, FeCO<sub>3</sub>; hausmannite, Mn<sub>3</sub>0<sub>4</sub> (tetragonal); manganese spinel, Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (isometric); three iron sulfides mackinawite, FeS (tetragonal); greigite, Fe<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub> (isometric); and smythite, Fe<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub> (rhombohedral)-copper hydroxide, Co(OH)<sub>2</sub>; and manganese hydroxide, Mn(OH)<sub>2</sub>, were all at least tentatively identified in the deposits sampled. </p><p>Of geochemical interest is the demonstration that simple stable equilibrium models fail in nearly every case to predict compositions of water yielded by the wells studied. Only one stable phase (calcite) was found to exhibit behavior approximately predictable from stable equilibrium considerations. No other stable phase was found to behave as would be predicted from equilibrium considerations. All the solids found to precipitate (except calcite) are metastable in that they are not the least soluble phases possible in the systems studied. </p><p>In terms of metastable equilibrium, siderite and ferric hydroxide behave approximately as would be predicted from equilibrium considerations, but both are metastable and the presence of neither would be anticipated if only the most stable phases were considered. The behaviors of none of the other solids would be predictable from either stable or metastable equilibrium considerations. An unanswered problem raised by the study reported here is how, or by what paths, truly stable phases form if first precipitates are generally metastable.</p><p>The utility of the findings in well design and operation is in no way impaired by the general lack of equilibrium. Conditions leading to either corrosion (which is related to lack of supersaturation with protective phases), or encrustation (supersaturation&nbsp;with phases that were found to precipitate), or both, apparently can be identified. The application of the methods described can be of great importance in developing unexploited ground-water resources in that certain practical problems can be identified before extensive well construction and unnecessary well failure.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology of aquifer systems","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/pp498D","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Governments of Nigeria, the United Arab Republic, and West Pakistan, under the auspices of the United States Agency for International Development Studies of well waters from Nigeria, Egypt, and Pakistan","usgsCitation":"Barnes, I., and Clarke, F., 1969, Chemical properties of ground water and their corrosion and encrustation effects on wells: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 498, iv, p. D1-D58, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp498D.","productDescription":"iv, p. D1-D58","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":32162,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0498d/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.59 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":117859,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0498d/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Egypt, Nigeria, Pakistan","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[34.9226,29.50133],[34.64174,29.09942],[34.42655,28.34399],[34.15451,27.8233],[33.92136,27.6487],[33.58811,27.97136],[33.13676,28.41765],[32.42323,29.85108],[32.32046,29.76043],[32.73482,28.70523],[33.34876,27.69989],[34.10455,26.14227],[34.47387,25.59856],[34.79507,25.03375],[35.69241,23.92671],[35.49372,23.75237],[35.52598,23.10244],[36.69069,22.20485],[36.86623,22],[32.9,22],[29.02,22],[25,22],[25,25.6825],[25,29.23865],[24.70007,30.04419],[24.95762,30.6616],[24.80287,31.08929],[25.16482,31.56915],[26.49533,31.58568],[27.45762,31.32126],[28.45048,31.02577],[28.91353,30.87005],[29.68342,31.18686],[30.09503,31.4734],[30.97693,31.55586],[31.68796,31.4296],[31.96041,30.9336],[32.19247,31.26034],[32.99392,31.02407],[33.7734,30.96746],[34.26544,31.21936],[34.9226,29.50133]]],[[[8.50029,4.77198],[7.46211,4.41211],[7.0826,4.46469],[6.69807,4.24059],[5.89817,4.26245],[5.3628,4.88797],[5.03357,5.6118],[4.32561,6.27065],[3.57418,6.2583],[2.6917,6.25882],[2.74906,7.87073],[2.72379,8.50685],[2.91231,9.13761],[3.22035,9.44415],[3.70544,10.06321],[3.60007,10.33219],[3.79711,10.73475],[3.57222,11.32794],[3.61118,11.66017],[3.68063,12.5529],[3.96728,12.95611],[4.10795,13.53122],[4.36834,13.74748],[5.44306,13.86592],[6.44543,13.49277],[6.82044,13.11509],[7.33075,13.09804],[7.80467,13.34353],[9.01493,12.82666],[9.52493,12.8511],[10.11481,13.27725],[10.70103,13.24692],[10.98959,13.38732],[11.5278,13.32898],[12.30207,13.03719],[13.08399,13.59615],[13.3187,13.55636],[13.99535,12.46157],[14.18134,12.48366],[14.57718,12.08536],[14.46819,11.90475],[14.41538,11.57237],[13.57295,10.79857],[13.30868,10.16036],[13.1676,9.64063],[12.95547,9.41777],[12.75367,8.71776],[12.21887,8.30582],[12.06395,7.79981],[11.83931,7.39704],[11.74577,6.98138],[11.05879,6.64443],[10.49738,7.05536],[10.11828,7.03877],[9.52271,6.45348],[9.23316,6.44449],[8.75753,5.47967],[8.50029,4.77198]]],[[[75.15803,37.13303],[75.8969,36.66681],[76.19285,35.8984],[77.83745,35.49401],[76.87172,34.65354],[75.75706,34.50492],[74.2402,34.74889],[73.74995,34.3177],[74.10429,33.44147],[74.45156,32.7649],[75.25864,32.27111],[74.40593,31.69264],[74.42138,30.97981],[73.45064,29.97641],[72.82375,28.96159],[71.77767,27.91318],[70.6165,27.9892],[69.51439,26.94097],[70.16893,26.49187],[70.28287,25.72223],[70.8447,25.2151],[71.04324,24.35652],[68.8426,24.35913],[68.17665,23.69197],[67.44367,23.94484],[67.14544,24.66361],[66.37283,25.42514],[64.53041,25.23704],[62.9057,25.21841],[61.49736,25.07824],[61.87419,26.23997],[63.31663,26.75653],[63.2339,27.21705],[62.75543,27.37892],[62.72783,28.25964],[61.77187,28.69933],[61.36931,29.30328],[60.87425,29.82924],[62.54986,29.31857],[63.55026,29.46833],[64.148,29.34082],[64.35042,29.56003],[65.04686,29.47218],[66.34647,29.88794],[66.38146,30.7389],[66.93889,31.30491],[67.68339,31.30315],[67.79269,31.58293],[68.55693,31.71331],[68.92668,31.62019],[69.31776,31.90141],[69.26252,32.50194],[69.68715,33.1055],[70.32359,33.35853],[69.93054,34.02012],[70.8818,33.98886],[71.15677,34.34891],[71.11502,34.73313],[71.61308,35.1532],[71.49877,35.65056],[71.26235,36.07439],[71.84629,36.50994],[72.92002,36.72001],[74.06755,36.83618],[74.57589,37.02084],[75.15803,37.13303]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Egypt\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e3daa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, Ivan","contributorId":56619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Ivan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clarke, Frank Eldridge","contributorId":107255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"Frank Eldridge","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":6309,"text":"pp542G - 1969 - Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on various communities","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":6309,"text":"pp542G - 1969 - Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on various communities","indexId":"pp542G","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"chapter":"G","title":"Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on various communities"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70048211,"text":"pp542 - 1969 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities","indexId":"pp542","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70048211,"text":"pp542 - 1969 - The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities","indexId":"pp542","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-28T19:46:13.571561","indexId":"pp542G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"542","chapter":"G","title":"Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on various communities","docAbstract":"<p>The 1964 earthquake caused wide-spread damage to inhabited places throughout more than 60,000 square miles of south-central Alaska. This report describes damage to all communities in the area except Anchorage, Whittier, Homer, Valdez, Seward, the communities of the Kodiak group of islands, and communities in the Copper River Basin; these were discussed in previous chapters of the Geological Survey's series of reports on the earthquake. At the communities discussed herein, damage resulted primarily from sea waves of diverse origins, displacements of the land relative to sea level, and seismic shaking. Waves took all of the 31 lives lost at those communities; physical damage was primarily from the waves and vertical displacements of the land relative to sea level.</p>\n</br>\n<p>Destructive waves of local origin struck during or immediately after the earthquake throughout much of Prince William Sound, the southern Kenai Peninsula, and the shores of Kenai Lake. In Prince William Sound, waves demolished all but one home at the native village of Chenega, destroyed homesites at Point Nowell and Anderson Bay, and caused varying amounts of damage to waterfront facilities at Sawmill Bay, Latouche, Port Oceanic, Port Nellie Juan, Perry Island, and western Port Valdez. The local waves, which ran up as high as 70 feet above tide level at Chenega and more than 170 feet in several uninhabited parts of the Sound, took nearly all of the lives lost by drowning at these communities. Destructive local waves that devastated shores of Anderson Bay and adjacent parts of western Port Valdez probably were generated primarily by massive submarine slides of glacial and fluvioglacial deposits ; the origin of the waves that caused damage at most of the other communities and at extensive uninhabited segments of shoreline is not known. At these places the most probable generative mechanisms are: unidentified submarine slides of unconsolidated deposits, and (or) the horizontal tectonic displacements, of 20 to more than 60 feet, that occurred in the Prince William Sound region during the earthquake.</p>\n</br>\n<p>A train of long-period seismic sea waves that began about 20 minutes after the start of the earthquake inundated shores along the Gulf of Alaska coast to a maximum height of 35 feet above tide level. At the communities described, they virtually destroyed two logging camps at Whidbey Bay and Puget Bay on the south coast of the Kenai Peninsula, caused moderate damage to boat harbors and docks at Seldovia and Cordova, floated away some beach cabins in the Cordova area, and drowned two people, one at Point Whitshed near Cordora and one at the Cape Saint Elias Light Station. The seismic sea waves were generated by regional tectonic uplift of the sea floor on the Continental Shelf.</p>\n</br>\n<p>Vertical tectonic displacements of the land relative to sea level that accompanied the earthquake affected virtually all the coastal communities. Tectonic subsidence of 5 to 6 feet, augmented locally by surficial subsidence of unconsolidated deposits required either the relocation or raising of structures at Portage, Girdwood, and Hope on Turnagain Arm. Shoreline submergence resulting from about 3½ feet of tectonic subsidence at Seldovia necessitated raising all waterfront facilities and the airstrip above the level of high tides. On the other hand, tectonic uplift of the land in the Prince Williams Sound region required deepening of the small-boat harbors at Cordora and Tatitlek, dredging of the waterways in the Cordova area, and lengthening of some docks or piers at Cordova, the Cape Hinchinbrook Light Station, and in Sawmill Bay.</p>\n</br>\n<p>Significant structural damage from direct seismic shaking was largely confined to fluid containers and a pier facility near Kenai. Indirect damage from fissuring and differential settling of foundation mterials in the vicinity of the Cordova airfield mused damage to a building, underground utilities, an airfield fill, and the highway. Minor amounts of direct and indirect damage from seismic vibrations were sustained by most of the communities situated on unconsolidated deposits as far east as Yakutat, north to Fairbanks, and west to King Salmon. Except for a few cracked or toppled chimney, all the damage from shaking was confined to areas of thick, unconsolidated deposits. Foundation damage was almost entirely restricted to water-saturated unconsolidated deposits which, when liquefied by seismic shaking, could spread laterally toward free faces and (or) settle differentially through compaction.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Alaska earthquake, March 27, 1964: Effects on communities (Professional Paper 542)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.3133/pp542G","usgsCitation":"Plafker, G., Kachadoorian, R., Eckel, E.B., and Mayo, L.R., 1969, Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, on various communities: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 542, Report: vi, 50 p.; 2 Plates: 47 x 35 inches and 41.96 x 37 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp542G.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 50 p.; 2 Plates: 47 x 35 inches and 41.96 x 37 inches","numberOfPages":"61","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":380,"text":"Menlo ParkCalif. 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,{"id":67978,"text":"ha316 - 1969 - Water resources of Antelope County, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:30","indexId":"ha316","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"316","title":"Water resources of Antelope County, Nebraska","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ha316","usgsCitation":"Souders, V.L., and Shaffer, F.B., 1969, Water resources of Antelope County, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 316, 5 maps on 3 sheets :col. ;46 x 31 cm. and 23 x 16 cm., sheets 66 x 119 cm., folded in envelope 32 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ha316.","productDescription":"5 maps on 3 sheets :col. ;46 x 31 cm. and 23 x 16 cm., sheets 66 x 119 cm., folded in envelope 32 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":186137,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":89209,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/316/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":89210,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/316/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":89211,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/316/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":89212,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/316/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":89213,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/316/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":89214,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/316/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.25,42 ], [ -98.25,42.25 ], [ -98,42.25 ], [ -98,42 ], [ -98.25,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0b32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Souders, Vernon L.","contributorId":95145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Souders","given":"Vernon","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaffer, F. Butler","contributorId":8856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"Butler","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":15393,"text":"ofr69202 - 1969 - Cretaceous sedimentation and tectonism in the southeastern Kaiparowits region, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-28T17:44:06.445282","indexId":"ofr69202","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-202","title":"Cretaceous sedimentation and tectonism in the southeastern Kaiparowits region, Utah","docAbstract":"Upper Cretaceous strata in the southeastern Kaiparowits region of south-central Utah consist of approximately 3,500 feet of interfingering sandstone, mudstone, shale, and coal in the Dakota Formation (oldest), Tropic Shale, Straight Cliffs Formation, and Wahweap Formation (youngest). The formations consist of several depositional facies that can be recognized by characteristic lithologies bedding structures, and fossils; these are the alluvial plain, deltaic plain, lagoonal-paludal, barrier sandstone, and offshore marine facies. The distribution of facies clearly defines the paleogeography of the region during several cycles of marine transgression and regression. The nonmarine beds were deposited on a broad alluvial coastal plain that was bordered on the west and southwest by highlands and on the east and northeast by the Western Interior seaway. The marine beds were deposited whenever the seaway advanced into or across the region. \r\n\r\nThe Dakota Formation and the lower part of the Tropic Shale were deposited in nonmarine and marine environments, while the shoreline advanced generally westward across the region. The middle and upper part of the Tropic Shale and the Tibbet Canyon and Smoky Hollow Members of the Straight Cliffs Formation were deposited in marine and nonmarine environments when the seaway had reached its greatest areal extent and began a gradual northeastward withdrawal. An unconformity at the top of the Smoky Hollow represents a period of erosion and possibly nondeposition before deposition of the John Henry Member of the Straight Cliffs. \r\n\r\nThe John Henry Member grades from nonmarine in the southwest to predominantly marine in the northeast, and was deposited during two relatively minor cycles of transgression and regression. The Drip Tank Member at the top of the Straight Cliffs Formation is a widespread sandstone unit deposited mainly in fluvial environments. Some of the beds in the northeastern part of the region were probably deposited in marine waters during the final incursion of the seaway into the Kaiparowits region. The overlying Wahweap Formation was deposited in nonmarine environments. Slight but continued tectonism during Late Cretaceous time is indicated by lateral changes of facies and thickness variations that coincide at least partly with present structures. These criteria indicate that Laramide tectonism consisted of two phases. An early phase that lasted from about late Albian to late Campanian time included regional subsidence, basin downwarping, and movement on local folds and faults. A later phase that lasted from late Campanian to about late Paleocene time included regional uplift, monoclinal flexing, and probable new faulting, as well as continued basin downwarping and movement on local folds and probably on the older faults. \r\n\r\nThe principal economic resource in the Kaiparowits region is bituminous or subbituminous coal in the john Henry Member. Because basin downwarping and movement on local folds occurred during deposition, the thicker and more continuous coal beds are in the ancestral synclines and tile deeper part of the structural basin. Presently indicated resources total 7.3 billion tons, but considerably larger quantities are probably present in the unexplored parts of the region. Several potential resources include ground water, titaniferous sandstone, and possibly oil and gas.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr69202","usgsCitation":"Peterson, F., 1969, Cretaceous sedimentation and tectonism in the southeastern Kaiparowits region, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-202, Report: 259 p.; 21 Plates: 56.21 x 22.56 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr69202.","productDescription":"Report: 259 p.; 21 Plates: 56.21 x 22.56 inches or 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,{"id":55927,"text":"ofr69216 - 1969 - Ground water for irrigation in the Perhem area, Otter Tail County, west-central Minnesota","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":55927,"text":"ofr69216 - 1969 - Ground water for irrigation in the Perhem area, Otter Tail County, west-central Minnesota","indexId":"ofr69216","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"Ground water for irrigation in the Perhem area, Otter Tail County, west-central Minnesota"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2573,"text":"wsp2003 - 1972 - Availability of ground water for irrigation from glacial outwash in the Perham area, Otter Tail County, Minnesota","indexId":"wsp2003","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Availability of ground water for irrigation from glacial outwash in the Perham area, Otter Tail County, Minnesota"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2573,"text":"wsp2003 - 1972 - Availability of ground water for irrigation from glacial outwash in the Perham area, Otter Tail County, Minnesota","indexId":"wsp2003","publicationYear":"1972","noYear":false,"title":"Availability of ground water for irrigation from glacial outwash in the Perham area, Otter Tail County, Minnesota"},"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-20T14:48:52","indexId":"ofr69216","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-216","title":"Ground water for irrigation in the Perhem area, Otter Tail County, west-central Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr69216","usgsCitation":"Reeder, H., 1969, Ground water for irrigation in the Perhem area, Otter Tail County, west-central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-216, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr69216.","productDescription":"62 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":184949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Otter Tail County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-95.1627,46.7191],[-95.1624,46.6306],[-95.1545,46.6303],[-95.1559,46.3708],[-95.1563,46.2828],[-95.1464,46.2825],[-95.1454,46.108],[-95.7693,46.1073],[-96.0862,46.1076],[-96.2667,46.109],[-96.2656,46.2854],[-96.2813,46.2851],[-96.2827,46.6308],[-96.1729,46.6307],[-96.1745,46.7187],[-96.0228,46.7179],[-96.0163,46.7199],[-96.0062,46.7178],[-95.1627,46.7191]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Otter Tail\",\"state\":\"MN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dbef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeder, H.O.","contributorId":108169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeder","given":"H.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":55929,"text":"ofr69217 - 1969 - A reappraisal of the ground-water resources of Winkler County, Texas, with particular emphasis on conditions in the vicinity of Kermit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T16:57:50","indexId":"ofr69217","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-217","title":"A reappraisal of the ground-water resources of Winkler County, Texas, with particular emphasis on conditions in the vicinity of Kermit","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr69217","usgsCitation":"Reeves, R., 1969, A reappraisal of the ground-water resources of Winkler County, Texas, with particular emphasis on conditions in the vicinity of Kermit: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-217, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr69217.","productDescription":"35 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":183954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Winkler County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-102.7982,32.0871],[-102.7986,31.6513],[-103.1387,31.6505],[-103.3276,31.6513],[-103.3265,32.0007],[-103.3084,32.0006],[-103.0642,31.9996],[-103.0641,32.0856],[-102.7982,32.0871]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Winkler\",\"state\":\"TX\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a86ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeves, R.D.","contributorId":95043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":55953,"text":"ofr69281 - 1969 - Memorandum on the ground-water resources of Pharr Mounds Historic Site, Natchez Trace Parkway, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:19","indexId":"ofr69281","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-281","title":"Memorandum on the ground-water resources of Pharr Mounds Historic Site, Natchez Trace Parkway, Mississippi","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr69281","usgsCitation":"Thomson, F., 1969, Memorandum on the ground-water resources of Pharr Mounds Historic Site, Natchez Trace Parkway, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-281, 3 p., 1 fig., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr69281.","productDescription":"3 p., 1 fig.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db613f56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomson, F.H.","contributorId":8132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomson","given":"F.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":55957,"text":"ofr69305 - 1969 - Program of the Water Resources Division, Texas District, for the 1969 fiscal year and summary of District activities during fiscal year 1968","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:19","indexId":"ofr69305","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-305","title":"Program of the Water Resources Division, Texas District, for the 1969 fiscal year and summary of District activities during fiscal year 1968","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr69305","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1969, Program of the Water Resources Division, Texas District, for the 1969 fiscal year and summary of District activities during fiscal year 1968: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-305, 36 p., 1 fig., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr69305.","productDescription":"36 p., 1 fig.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e0ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":55958,"text":"ofr69311 - 1969 - Water in Maryland--a review of the Free State's liquid assets","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":55958,"text":"ofr69311 - 1969 - Water in Maryland--a review of the Free State's liquid assets","indexId":"ofr69311","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"title":"Water in Maryland--a review of the Free State's liquid assets"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047532,"text":"70047532 - 1970 - Water in Maryland: a review of the Free State's liquid assets","indexId":"70047532","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Water in Maryland: a review of the Free State's liquid assets"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70047532,"text":"70047532 - 1970 - Water in Maryland: a review of the Free State's liquid assets","indexId":"70047532","publicationYear":"1970","noYear":false,"title":"Water in Maryland: a review of the Free State's liquid assets"},"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-08T13:47:38","indexId":"ofr69311","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-311","title":"Water in Maryland--a review of the Free State's liquid assets","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr69311","usgsCitation":"Walker, P., 1969, Water in Maryland--a review of the Free State's liquid assets: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-311, 35 p., 28 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr69311.","productDescription":"35 p., 28 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa18a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, P.N.","contributorId":37817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"P.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":12332,"text":"ofr69306 - 1969 - Synthetic record study and velocity determinations of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Rocky Mountain Arsenal No. 1, P.I.D.W., C NW-NW, Section 26, Township 2S, Range 67W, Adams County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:27","indexId":"ofr69306","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-306","title":"Synthetic record study and velocity determinations of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Rocky Mountain Arsenal No. 1, P.I.D.W., C NW-NW, Section 26, Township 2S, Range 67W, Adams County, Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr69306","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1969, Synthetic record study and velocity determinations of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Rocky Mountain Arsenal No. 1, P.I.D.W., C NW-NW, Section 26, Township 2S, Range 67W, Adams County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-306, 9 p. ill. (some folded, some col.) :29 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr69306.","productDescription":"9 p. ill. (some folded, some col.) :29 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687c99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":12327,"text":"ofr69307 - 1969 - Summary report on mineral resources of the Picket Range area, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-28T19:58:21.686064","indexId":"ofr69307","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69-307","title":"Summary report on mineral resources of the Picket Range area, Washington","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr69307","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1969, Summary report on mineral resources of the Picket Range area, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 69-307, Report: 13 p.; 3 Plates: 36.84 x 37.11 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr69307.","productDescription":"Report: 13 p.; 3 Plates: 36.84 x 37.11 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":493044,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8424.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":40557,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0307/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40556,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0307/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40555,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0307/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40554,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0307/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142996,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1969/0307/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Picket Range area, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.647,\n              49\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.647,\n              48.583\n            ],\n            [\n              -121,\n              48.583\n            ],\n            [\n              -121,\n              49\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.647,\n              49\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697e22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2790,"text":"wsp1894 - 1969 - Water resources of Windward Oahu, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:28","indexId":"wsp1894","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1894","title":"Water resources of Windward Oahu, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Windward Oahu lies in a large cavity--an erosional remnant of the Koolau volcanic dome at its greatest stage of growth. Outcrops include volcanic rocks associated with caldera collapse and the main fissure zone which is marked by a dike complex that extends along the main axis of the dome. The fissure zone intersects and underlies the Koolau Range north of Waiahole Valley. South of Waiahole Valley, the crest of the Koolau Range is in the marginal dike zone, an area of scattered dikes. The crest of the range forms the western boundary of windward Oahu. \r\n\r\nDikes, mostly vertical and parallel or subparallel to the fissure zone, control movement and discharge of ground water because they are less permeable than the rocks they intrude. Dikes impound or partly impound ground water by preventing or retarding its movement toward discharge points. The top of this water, called high-level water in Hawaii, is at an altitude of about 1,000 feet in the north end of windward Oahu and 400 feet near the south end in Waimanalo Valley. It underlies most of the area and extends near or to the surface in poorly permeable rocks in low-lying areas. Permeability is high in less weathered mountain areas and is highest farthest away from the dike complex. \r\n\r\nGround-water storage fluctuates to some degree owing to limited changes in the level of the ground-water reservoir--maximum storage is about 60,000 million gallons. The fluctuations control the rate at which ground water discharges. \r\n\r\nEven at its lowest recorded level, the reservoir contains a major part of the storage capacity because most of the area is perennially saturated to or near the surface. Tunnels have reduced storage by about 26,000 million gallons--only a fraction of the total storage--by breaching dike controls. Much of the reduction in storage can be restored if the .breached dike controls are replaced by flow-regulating bulkheads. \r\n\r\nPerennial streams intersect high-level water and collectively form its principal discharge. The larger streams are those that cut deepest into high-level reservoirs. Except near the coast in the northern end of the area, where dikes are absent, total base flow of streams equals total ground-water discharge. Development of high-level water by tunnels and wells diverts ground-water discharge from streams, decreasing the base flow of these streams. Construction of Haiku tunnel decreased the flow of Kahaluu Stream, 2 ? miles away, by about 26 percent. \r\n\r\nThe dependable flow of water is estimated at 118 mgd (million gallons per day), of which 84 mgd is discharged by streams, tunnels, springs, and wells The remaining 34 mgd is underflow, most of it discharging into the sea near the northern end of ,the area. Average flow is estimated at 220 mgd, of which 159 mgd is. inventoried flow and 61 mgd is estimated underflow. \r\n\r\nSpecific capacity of wells tapping lava flows of the Koolau Volcanic Series ranges from less than 1 to 11 gallons per minute per foot of drawdown in the dike-complex zone and from 2 to 100 in the marginal dike zone. A transmissivity of 4,000,000 gallons per day per foot was determined for the basal aquifer. \r\n\r\nPermeabilities of rocks in high mountainous areas penetrated by water-development tunnels were compared by recession constants determined from free-flow drainage. \r\n\r\nEvapotranspiration was estimated from regression curves obtained by correlating median annual rainfall and median annual pan evaporation. Evapotranspiration values from these curves compared favorably w4th values obtained from water-budget listings of rainfall and measured ground-water flow. \r\n\r\nThe chemical quality of water in wells and tunnels tapping rocks of the Koolau and Honolulu Volcanic Series is excellent. Except in a few isolated areas near the shore, the chloride content of the water from these sources is generally less than 100 parts per million. Wells tapping calcareous materials are subject to sea-water contamination under heavy pumping.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp1894","usgsCitation":"Takasaki, K., Hirashima, G.T., and Lubke, E., 1969, Water resources of Windward Oahu, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1894, vii, 119 p. :illus., maps (3 fold. col. in pocket) ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1894.","productDescription":"vii, 119 p. :illus., maps (3 fold. col. in pocket) ;24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110031,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25111.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25111"},{"id":138868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1894/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29271,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1894/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29272,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1894/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29273,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1894/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29274,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1894/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e574d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Takasaki, K. J.","contributorId":44523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takasaki","given":"K. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hirashima, George Tokusuke","contributorId":16398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirashima","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"Tokusuke","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lubke, E.R.","contributorId":74363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lubke","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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