{"pageNumber":"2484","pageRowStart":"62075","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184684,"records":[{"id":70030229,"text":"70030229 - 2006 - Characteristics of a ringtail (Bassariscus astutus) population in Trans Pecos, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70030229","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3534,"text":"Texas Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characteristics of a ringtail (Bassariscus astutus) population in Trans Pecos, Texas","docAbstract":"Despite the common occurrence of ringtails (Bassariscus astutus) few studies have been conducted to assess population characteristics. The objectives of this study were to determine (1) habitat selection, (2) home range, (3) denning characteristics, and (4) food habits of ringtails in the Trans Pecos region of west Texas. Seventeen ringtails were captured between November 1999 and January 2001 using Havahart live box traps. Second- and third-order habitat selection was determined for a ringtail population using range sites, slope, elevation, and vegetation communities. Diets were determined from volumetric scat analysis. The mean summer and winter range sizes (100% Minimum Convex Polygon [MCP]) for ringtails (n = 5) were 0.28 ?? 0.163 km2 and 0.63 ?? 0.219 km2, respectively. Overlap between ringtail ranges averaged 33.3%. Ringtails preferred catclaw (Mimosa biuncifera), persimmon (Diospyros texana), oak (Quercus sp.) bottom and catclaw/goldeneye (Viguiera stenoloba), sideoats (Bouteloua curtipendula) slope communities. Rock dens were used exclusively by ringtails, with 80.6% of dens found on slopes between 30-60%. Plant (seeds and miscellaneous vegetation) and animal material were found in 74.6 and 86.6% of scats, respectively. Findings suggest that ringtails in Trans Pecos, Texas, are an important component of the ecosystem and that management practices should conserve canyon habitats and adjacent slopes for ringtails.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Texas Journal of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00404403","usgsCitation":"Ackerson, B., and Harveson, L., 2006, Characteristics of a ringtail (Bassariscus astutus) population in Trans Pecos, Texas: Texas Journal of Science, v. 58, no. 2, p. 169-184.","startPage":"169","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f493e4b0c8380cd4bdc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerson, B.K.","contributorId":20853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerson","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harveson, L.A.","contributorId":73408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harveson","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030958,"text":"70030958 - 2006 - Indirect food web interactions: Sea otters and kelp forest fishes in the Aleutian archipelago","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70030958","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Indirect food web interactions: Sea otters and kelp forest fishes in the Aleutian archipelago","docAbstract":"Although trophic cascades - the effect of apex predators on progressively lower trophic level species through top-down forcing - have been demonstrated in diverse ecosystems, the broader potential influences of trophic cascades on other species and ecosystem processes are not well studied. We used the overexploitation, recovery and subsequent collapse of sea otter (Enhydra lutris) populations in the Aleutian archipelago to explore if and how the abundance and diet of kelp forest fishes are influenced by a trophic cascade linking sea otters with sea urchins and fleshy macroalgae. We measured the abundance of sea urchins (biomass density), kelp (numerical density) and fish (Catch per unit effort) at four islands in the mid-1980s (when otters were abundant at two of the islands and rare at the two others) and in 2000 (after otters had become rare at all four islands). Our fish studies focused on rock greenling (Hexagrammos lagocephalus), the numerically dominant species in this region. In the mid-1980s, the two islands with high-density otter populations supported dense kelp forests, relatively few urchins, and abundant rock greenling whereas the opposite pattern (abundant urchins, sparse kelp forests, and relatively few rock greenling) occurred at islands where otters were rare. In the 2000, the abundances of urchins, kelp and greenling were grossly unchanged at islands where otters were initially rare but had shifted to the characteristic pattern of otter-free systems at islands where otters were initially abundant. Significant changes in greenling diet occurred between the mid-1980s and the 2000 although the reasons for these changes were difficult to assess because of strong island-specific effects. Whereas urchin-dominated communities supported more diverse fish assemblages than kelp-dominated communities, this was not a simple effect of the otter-induced trophic cascade because all islands supported more diverse fish assemblages in 2000 than in the mid-1980s. ?? Springer-Verlag 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oecologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00442-005-0230-1","issn":"00298549","usgsCitation":"Reisewitz, S., Estes, J.A., and Simenstad, C., 2006, Indirect food web interactions: Sea otters and kelp forest fishes in the Aleutian archipelago: Oecologia, v. 146, no. 4, p. 623-631, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0230-1.","startPage":"623","endPage":"631","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211298,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0230-1"}],"volume":"146","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-09-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3a98e4b0c8380cd61dda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reisewitz, S.E.","contributorId":86561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reisewitz","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simenstad, C.A.","contributorId":6798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simenstad","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030527,"text":"70030527 - 2006 - Thermodynamic properties and crystal structure refinement of ferricopiapite, coquimbite, rhomboclase, and Fe2(SO4)3(H2O)5","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T09:17:37","indexId":"70030527","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1593,"text":"European Journal of Mineralogy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermodynamic properties and crystal structure refinement of ferricopiapite, coquimbite, rhomboclase, and Fe2(SO4)3(H2O)5","docAbstract":"Enthalpies of formation of ferricopiapite [nominally Fe4.67(SO4)6(OH)2 (H2O)20]. coquimbite [Fe2(SO4)3(H2O)9], rhomboclase [(H3O)Fe(SO4)2 (H2O)3], and Fe2(SO4)3(H2O)5 were measured by acid (5 N HCl) solution calorimetry. The samples were characterized by wet chemical analyses and synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The refinement of XRD patterns gave lattice parameters, atomic positions, thermal factors, and occupancies of the sites. The calculated formulae differ slightly from the nominal compositions: Fe4.78(SO4)6 (OH)2.34(H2O)20.71 (ferricopiapite), (Fe1.47Al0.53)(SO4)3 (H2O)9.65 (coquimbite), (H3O)1.34Fe(SO4)2.17 (H2O)3.06 (rhomboclase), and Fe2(SO4)3 (H2O)5.03. All thermodynamic data are given per mole of these formulae. The measured standard enthalpies (in kJ/mol) of formation from the elements (crystalline Fe, Al, S, and ideal gases O2 and H2) at T = 298.15 K are -4115.8??4.1 [Fe2(SO4)3 (H2O)5.03], -12045.1??9.2 (ferricopiapite), -5738.4??3.3 (coquimbite), and -3201.1??2.6 (rhomboclase). Standard entropy (S??) was estimated as a sum of entropies of oxide, hydroxide, and sulfate components. The estimated S?? (in J/mol.K) values for the iron sulfates are 488.2 [Fe2(SO4)3 (H2O)5.03], 1449.2 (ferricopiapite), 638.3 (coquimbite), and 380.1 (rhomboclase). The calculated Gibbs free energies of formation (in kJ/mol) are -3499.7??4.2 [Fe2(SO4)3 (H2O)5.03], -10089.8??9.3 (ferricopiapite), -4845.6??3.3 (coquimbite), and -2688.0??2.7 (rhomboclase). These results combined with other available thermodynamic data allow construction of mineral stability diagrams in the FeIII2(SO4)3-FeII SO4-H2O system. One such diagram is provided, indicating that the order of stability of ferric sulfate minerals with decreasing pH in the range of 1.5 to -0.5 is: hydronium jarosite, ferricopiapite, and rhomboclase. ?? 2006 E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"European Journal of Mineralogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1127/0935-1221/2006/0018-0175","issn":"09351221","usgsCitation":"Majzlan, J., Navrotsky, A., McCleskey, R.B., and Alpers, C.N., 2006, Thermodynamic properties and crystal structure refinement of ferricopiapite, coquimbite, rhomboclase, and Fe2(SO4)3(H2O)5: European Journal of Mineralogy, v. 18, no. 2, p. 175-186, https://doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2006/0018-0175.","startPage":"175","endPage":"186","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211928,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2006/0018-0175"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb272e4b08c986b3257e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Majzlan, J.","contributorId":42427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Majzlan","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Navrotsky, A.","contributorId":45841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Navrotsky","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":427531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":427534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030957,"text":"70030957 - 2006 - Effects of enhanced zinc and copper in drinking water on spatial memory and fear conditioning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70030957","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of enhanced zinc and copper in drinking water on spatial memory and fear conditioning","docAbstract":"Ingestion of enhanced zinc can cause memory impairments and copper deficiencies. This study examined the effect of zinc supplementation, with and without copper, on two types of memory. Rats raised pre- and post-natally on 10 mg/kg ZnCO3 or ZnSO4 in the drinking water were tested in a fear-conditioning experiment at 11 months of age. Both zinc groups showed a maladaptive retention of fearful memories compared to controls raised on tap water. Rats raised on 10 mg/kg ZnCO3, 10 mg/kg ZnCO3 + 0.25 mg/kg CuCl2, or tap water, were tested for spatial memory ability at 3 months of age. Significant improvements in performance were found in the ZnCO3 + CuCl2 group compared to the ZnCO3 group, suggesting that some of the cognitive deficits associated with zinc supplementation may be remediated by addition of copper. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.019","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Chrosniak, L., Smith, L., McDonald, C., Jones, B., and Flinn, J., 2006, Effects of enhanced zinc and copper in drinking water on spatial memory and fear conditioning: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 88, no. 1-3 SPEC. ISS., p. 91-94, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.019.","startPage":"91","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211271,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.019"},{"id":238534,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"1-3 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06dde4b0c8380cd5145e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chrosniak, L.D.","contributorId":67721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chrosniak","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, L.N.","contributorId":20533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"L.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonald, C.G.","contributorId":62824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, B.F.","contributorId":52156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flinn, J.M.","contributorId":45892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flinn","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70030611,"text":"70030611 - 2006 - Spirit rover localization and topographic mapping at the landing site of Gusev crater, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-07T17:06:21","indexId":"70030611","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spirit rover localization and topographic mapping at the landing site of Gusev crater, Mars","docAbstract":"<p>By sol 440, the Spirit rover has traversed a distance of 3.76 km (actual distance traveled instead of odometry). Localization of the lander and the rover along the traverse has been successfully performed at the Gusev crater landing site. We localized the lander in the Gusev crater using two-way Doppler radio positioning and cartographic triangulations through landmarks visible in both orbital and ground images. Additional high-resolution orbital images were used to verify the determined lander position. Visual odometry and bundle adjustment technologies were applied to compensate for wheel slippage, azimuthal angle drift, and other navigation errors (which were as large as 10.5% in the Husband Hill area). We generated topographic products, including 72 ortho maps and three-dimensional (3-D) digital terrain models, 11 horizontal and vertical traverse profiles, and one 3-D crater model (up to sol 440). Also discussed in this paper are uses of the data for science operations planning, geological traverse surveys, surveys of wind-related features, and other science applications.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2005JE002483","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Li, R., Archinal, B.A., Arvidson, R.E., Bell, J., Christensen, P.R., Crumpler, L.S., Des Marais, D.J., Di, K., Duxbury, T., Golombek, M., Grant, J., Greeley, R., Guinn, J., Johnson, A.H., Kirk, R.L., Maimone, M., Matthies, L.H., Malin, M., Parker, T., Sims, M.H., Thompson, S.D., Squyres, S.W., and Soderblom, L.A., 2006, Spirit rover localization and topographic mapping at the landing site of Gusev crater, Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 111, no. E2, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JE002483.","productDescription":"13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477636,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005je002483","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gusev crater; Mars","volume":"111","issue":"E2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9600e4b08c986b31b23d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, Rongxing","contributorId":211216,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Rongxing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Archinal, Brent A. 0000-0002-6654-0742 barchinal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6654-0742","contributorId":2816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archinal","given":"Brent","email":"barchinal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":427841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arvidson, Raymond E.","contributorId":106626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arvidson","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bell, Jim","contributorId":210749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bell","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Christensen, Phillip R.","contributorId":18098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Crumpler, Larry S.","contributorId":196268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crumpler","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Des Marais, David J.","contributorId":211218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Des Marais","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Di, Kaichang","contributorId":70531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Di","given":"Kaichang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Duxbury, Tom","contributorId":211219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duxbury","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":427840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Golombek, Matthew P.","contributorId":93180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golombek","given":"Matthew P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Grant, John","contributorId":210872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grant","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Greeley, Ronald","contributorId":20833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Guinn, Joe","contributorId":211220,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guinn","given":"Joe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Johnson, Aaron H.","contributorId":46971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":427846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":427857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Maimone, Mark","contributorId":211221,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maimone","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Matthies, Larry H.","contributorId":211222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matthies","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":427856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Malin, Michael","contributorId":88112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malin","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Parker, Timothy","contributorId":88791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Sims, Michael H.","contributorId":210519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sims","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":24796,"text":"NASA Ames Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":427847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Thompson, Shane D.","contributorId":22079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Shane","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Squyres, Steven W.","contributorId":10537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Soderblom, Laurence A. 0000-0002-0917-853X lsoderblom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":2721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"Laurence","email":"lsoderblom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":427836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23}]}}
,{"id":70030608,"text":"70030608 - 2006 - Evaluation of kinetic uncertainty in numerical models of petroleum generation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030608","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of kinetic uncertainty in numerical models of petroleum generation","docAbstract":"Oil-prone marine petroleum source rocks contain type I or type II kerogen having Rock-Eval pyrolysis hydrogen indices greater than 600 or 300-600 mg hydrocarbon/g total organic carbon (HI, mg HC/g TOC), respectively. Samples from 29 marine source rocks worldwide that contain mainly type II kerogen (HI = 230-786 mg HC/g TOC) were subjected to open-system programmed pyrolysis to determine the activation energy distributions for petroleum generation. Assuming a burial heating rate of 1??C/m.y. for each measured activation energy distribution, the calculated average temperature for 50% fractional conversion of the kerogen in the samples to petroleum is approximately 136 ?? 7??C, but the range spans about 30??C (???121-151??C). Fifty-two outcrop samples of thermally immature Jurassic Oxford Clay Formation were collected from five locations in the United Kingdom to determine the variations of kinetic response for one source rock unit. The samples contain mainly type I or type II kerogens (HI = 230-774 mg HC/g TOC). At a heating rate of 1??C/m.y., the calculated temperatures for 50% fractional conversion of the Oxford Clay kerogens to petroleum differ by as much as 23??C (127-150??C). The data indicate that kerogen type, as defined by hydrogen index, is not systematically linked to kinetic response, and that default kinetics for the thermal decomposition of type I or type II kerogen can introduce unacceptable errors into numerical simulations. Furthermore, custom kinetics based on one or a few samples may be inadequate to account for variations in organofacies within a source rock. We propose three methods to evaluate the uncertainty contributed by kerogen kinetics to numerical simulations: (1) use the average kinetic distribution for multiple samples of source rock and the standard deviation for each activation energy in that distribution; (2) use source rock kinetics determined at several locations to describe different parts of the study area; and (3) use a weighted-average method that combines kinetics for samples from different locations in the source rock unit by giving the activation energy distribution for each sample a weight proportional to its Rock-Eval pyrolysis S2 yield (hydrocarbons generated by pyrolytic degradation of organic matter). Copyright ?? 2006. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1306/10140505122","issn":"01491423","usgsCitation":"Peters, K.E., Walters, C., and Mankiewicz, P., 2006, Evaluation of kinetic uncertainty in numerical models of petroleum generation: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 90, no. 3, p. 387-403, https://doi.org/10.1306/10140505122.","startPage":"387","endPage":"403","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212051,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1306/10140505122"},{"id":239460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c8de4b0c8380cd52bc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, K. E.","contributorId":17295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, C.C.","contributorId":102613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mankiewicz, P.J.","contributorId":37956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankiewicz","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030607,"text":"70030607 - 2006 - Breeding biology and nest-site selection of red-tailed hawks in an altered desert grassland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030607","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding biology and nest-site selection of red-tailed hawks in an altered desert grassland","docAbstract":"Red-tailed Hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) have expanded their range as trees have invaded formerly-open grasslands. Desert grasslands of southern Arizona have been invaded by mesquite trees (Prosopis velutina) since Anglo-American settlement and now support a large population of Red-tailed Hawks. We studied a population of Red-tailed Hawks in an altered desert grassland in southern Arizona. Our objectives were to determine what environmental characteristics influence Red-tailed Hawk habitat selection in mesquite-invaded desert grasslands and to evaluate the habitat quality of these grasslands for Red-tailed Hawks based on nesting density, nest success, and productivity. Red-tailed Hawks had 86% (95% C.I. = 73-99) nest success and 1.82 young per breeding pair (95% C.I. = 1.41-2.23). Nesting density was 0.15 (95% CI = 0.08-0.21) breeding pairs/km2 and the mean nearest-neighbor distance was 1.95 km (95% C.I. = 1.74-2.16). Red-tailed Hawks selected nest-sites with taller nest-trees and greater tree height and cover than were available at random. Mesquite trees in desert grasslands provide abundant potential nesting structures for Red-tailed Hawks. ?? 2006 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08921016","usgsCitation":"Hobbs, R., DeStefano, S., and Halvorson, W.L., 2006, Breeding biology and nest-site selection of red-tailed hawks in an altered desert grassland: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 40, no. 1, p. 38-45.","startPage":"38","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f25ce4b0c8380cd4b12f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hobbs, R.J.","contributorId":77491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobbs","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeStefano, S.","contributorId":84309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halvorson, W. L.","contributorId":26246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halvorson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030606,"text":"70030606 - 2006 - Estimating crustal heterogeneity from double-difference tomography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030606","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating crustal heterogeneity from double-difference tomography","docAbstract":"Seismic velocity parameters in limited, but heterogeneous volumes can be inferred using a double-difference tomographic algorithm, but to obtain meaningful results accuracy must be maintained at every step of the computation. MONTEILLER et al. (2005) have devised a double-difference tomographic algorithm that takes full advantage of the accuracy of cross-spectral time-delays of large correlated event sets. This algorithm performs an accurate computation of theoretical travel-time delays in heterogeneous media and applies a suitable inversion scheme based on optimization theory. When applied to Kilauea Volcano, in Hawaii, the double-difference tomography approach shows significant and coherent changes to the velocity model in the well-resolved volumes beneath the Kilauea caldera and the upper east rift. In this paper, we first compare the results obtained using MONTEILLER et al.'s algorithm with those obtained using the classic travel-time tomographic approach. Then, we evaluated the effect of using data series of different accuracies, such as handpicked arrival-time differences (\"picking differences\"), on the results produced by double-difference tomographic algorithms. We show that picking differences have a non-Gaussian probability density function (pdf). Using a hyperbolic secant pdf instead of a Gaussian pdf allows improvement of the double-difference tomographic result when using picking difference data. We completed our study by investigating the use of spatially discontinuous time-delay data. ?? Birkha??user Verlag, Basel, 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00024-005-0022-x","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Got, J., Monteiller, V., Virieux, J., and Okubo, P., 2006, Estimating crustal heterogeneity from double-difference tomography: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 163, no. 2-3, p. 405-430, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-005-0022-x.","startPage":"405","endPage":"430","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212021,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-005-0022-x"},{"id":239424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"163","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b13e4b0c8380cd52560","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Got, J.-L.","contributorId":80867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Got","given":"J.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monteiller, V.","contributorId":62409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monteiller","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Virieux, J.","contributorId":10617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Virieux","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okubo, P. 0000-0002-0381-6051","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":49432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":427823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031009,"text":"70031009 - 2006 - Upland disturbance affects headwater stream nutrients and suspended sediments during baseflow and stormflow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70031009","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upland disturbance affects headwater stream nutrients and suspended sediments during baseflow and stormflow","docAbstract":"Because catchment characteristics determine sediment and nutrient inputs to streams, upland disturbance can affect stream chemistry. Catchments at the Fort Benning Military Installation (near Columbus, Georgia) experience a range of upland disturbance intensities due to spatial variability in the intensity of military training. We used this disturbance gradient to investigate the effects of upland soil and vegetation disturbance on stream chemistry. During baseflow, mean total suspended sediment (TSS) concentration and mean inorganic suspended sediment (ISS) concentration increased with catchment disturbance intensity (TSS: R2 = 0.7, p = 0.005, range = 4.0-10.1 mg L-1; ISS: R2 = 0.71, p = 0.004, range = 2.04-7.3 mg L-1); dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration (R2 = 0.79, p = 0.001, range = 1.5-4.1 mg L-1) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentration (R2 = 0.75, p = 0.008, range = 1.9-6.2 ??g L-1) decreased with increasing disturbance intensity; and ammonia (NH 4+), nitrate (NO3-), and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations were unrelated to disturbance intensity. The increase in TSS and ISS during storms was positively correlated with disturbance (R2 = 0.78 and 0.78, p = 0.01 and 0.01, respectively); mean maximum change in SRP during storms increased with disturbance (r = 0.7, p = 0.04); and mean maximum change in NO3- during storms was marginally correlated with disturbance (r = 0.58, p = 0.06). Soil characteristics were significant predictors of baseflow DOC, SRP, and Ca 2+, but were not correlated with suspended sediment fractions, any nitrogen species, or pH. Despite the largely intact riparian zones of these headwater streams, upland soil and vegetation disturbances had clear effects on stream chemistry during baseflow and stormflow conditions. ?? ASA, CSSA, SSSA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2005.0102","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Houser, J., Mulholland, P.J., and Maloney, K., 2006, Upland disturbance affects headwater stream nutrients and suspended sediments during baseflow and stormflow: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 35, no. 1, p. 352-365, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0102.","startPage":"352","endPage":"365","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477454,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.555.7478","text":"External Repository"},{"id":211509,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0102"},{"id":238808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd21e4b08c986b328ede","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houser, J.N.","contributorId":91603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houser","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mulholland, P. J.","contributorId":89081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulholland","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maloney, K.O. 0000-0003-2304-0745","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2304-0745","contributorId":105414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maloney","given":"K.O.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":429620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031008,"text":"70031008 - 2006 - Effects of predation, flooding, and contamination on reproductive success of California Clapper Rails (<i>Rallus longirostris obsoletus</i>) in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T13:12:50","indexId":"70031008","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of predation, flooding, and contamination on reproductive success of California Clapper Rails (<i>Rallus longirostris obsoletus</i>) in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<p><span>We assessed the reproductive success of the California Clapper Rail (</span><i>Rallus longirostris obsoletus</i><span>), an endangered subspecies restricted to San Francisco Bay, and the relative importance of predation, flooding, and contaminants as factors affecting that success. Our study was conducted in six tidal marshes in the northern and southern reaches of San Francisco Bay. This assessment, conducted in four breeding seasons (1991, 1992, 1998, 1999), determined that productivity of California Clapper Rails was much reduced over the natural potential. Only 69% of clapper rail eggs whose viability could be assessed were viable. Hatchability of eggs in North Bay and South Bay marshes was 65% and 70%, respectively. Only 45% of the nests successfully hatched at least one egg. Despite mean clutch sizes of 6.7 and 6.9 in the North and South bays, respectively, clapper rails produced only 1.9 and 2.5 young per nesting attempt. Flooding was a minor factor, reducing the number of eggs available to hatch by only 2.3%. Predation on eggs was a major factor affecting nest success, reducing productivity by a third. Failed eggs were examined for abnormal development and contaminant concentrations. Contamination appeared to adversely influence California Clapper Rail reproductive success, as evidenced by deformities; embryo hemorrhaging; embryo malpositions; a depressed rate of hatchability; excess concentrations of mercury, barium, and chromium over known avian embryotoxic thresholds; and a correlation of deformities with elevated concentrations of some trace elements in eggs that failed to hatch. Mercury was the only significant contaminant common to all marshes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[0045:EOPFAC]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Schwarzbach, S., Albertson, J., and Thomas, C., 2006, Effects of predation, flooding, and contamination on reproductive success of California Clapper Rails (<i>Rallus longirostris obsoletus</i>) in San Francisco Bay: The Auk, v. 123, no. 1, p. 45-60, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[0045:EOPFAC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"60","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477386,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[0045:eopfac]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238807,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a078ae4b0c8380cd51749","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwarzbach, S.E.","contributorId":32467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarzbach","given":"S.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Albertson, J.D.","contributorId":24168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albertson","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, C.M.","contributorId":81289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030524,"text":"70030524 - 2006 - Composition and physical properties of Enceladus' surface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030524","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Composition and physical properties of Enceladus' surface","docAbstract":"Observations of Saturn's satellite Enceladus using Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer instrument were obtained during three flybys of Enceladus in 2005. Enceladus' surface is composed mostly of nearly pure water ice except near its south pole, where there are light organics, CO2, and amorphous and crystalline water ice, particularly in the region dubbed the \"tiger stripes.\" An upper limit of 5 precipitable nanometers is derived for CO in the atmospheric column above Enceladus, and 2% for NH 3 in global surface deposits. Upper limits of 140 kelvin (for a filled pixel) are derived for the temperatures in the tiger stripes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.1121031","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Brown, R.H., Clark, R.N., Buratti, B.J., Cruikshank, D.P., Barnes, J.W., Mastrapa, R., Bauer, J., Newman, S., Momary, T., Baines, K.H., Bellucci, G., Capaccioni, F., Cerroni, P., Combes, M., Coradini, A., Drossart, P., Formisano, V., Jaumann, R., Langavin, Y., Matson, D.L., McCord, T.B., Nelson, R., Nicholson, P.D., Sicardy, B., and Sotin, C., 2006, Composition and physical properties of Enceladus' surface: Science, v. 311, no. 5766, p. 1425-1428, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1121031.","startPage":"1425","endPage":"1428","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211901,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1121031"},{"id":239277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"311","issue":"5766","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f920e4b0c8380cd4d44e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cruikshank, D. P.","contributorId":51434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruikshank","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barnes, J. W.","contributorId":14554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mastrapa, R.M.E.","contributorId":23758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastrapa","given":"R.M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bauer, J.","contributorId":85400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Newman, S.","contributorId":7678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Momary, T.","contributorId":17415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Momary","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bellucci, G.","contributorId":46256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellucci","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Capaccioni, F.","contributorId":90900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capaccioni","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Cerroni, P.","contributorId":7869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cerroni","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Combes, M.","contributorId":66892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Combes","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Coradini, A.","contributorId":34679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coradini","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Drossart, P.","contributorId":29574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drossart","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Formisano, V.","contributorId":44694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Formisano","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Langavin, Y.","contributorId":45513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langavin","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Matson, D. L.","contributorId":59940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"McCord, T. B.","contributorId":69695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Nelson, R.M.","contributorId":38316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Sicardy, B.","contributorId":57622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sicardy","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25}]}}
,{"id":70030230,"text":"70030230 - 2006 - Restoration and colonization of freshwater mussels and fish in a southeastern United States tailwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:10","indexId":"70030230","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Restoration and colonization of freshwater mussels and fish in a southeastern United States tailwater","docAbstract":"The French Broad River originates in North Carolina, flows west into Tennessee and at its confluence with the Holston River forms the Tennessee River. Douglas Dam, located on the French Broad River 52 km above its mouth, is operated primarily for peaking hydroelectric power and flood control. Prior to completion of the dam in 1943, the lower French Broad River contained about 53 species of freshwater mussels and 100 species of fish. By 1977, the fauna in the 52-km-long tailwater was reduced to 12 species of mussels and 42 native species of fish. Improvements in tailwater conditions occurred following initiation of minimum flows in 1987, and consistent reaeration of discharge in 1993. From 1988 to 2002, we sampled three sites (4, 28, and 39 km downstream of the dam) to monitor the fish assemblage. Each year since 1988, we have collected one or more additional species, indicating continued immigration. We collected 82 native and 9 exotic species of fish overall, but the maximum of 67 species in 1 year suggests that some species reside in the tailwater at low densities or all immigrants may not successfully colonize the tailwater. There is limited potential for most extirpated species of mussels to naturally recolonize the tailwater because source populations are isolated. Consequently, 19 754 adult mussels of 19 species were introduced between 1997 and 2000. Survival of translocated mussels has been high, and successful reproduction of at least one translocated species has occurred. Additionally, four mussel species are naturally colonizing the tailwater. Colonization and recruitment of additional mussel species is expected as populations of their host fishes increase. We believe that the improved conditions of the tailwater may allow for the re-establishment of sustaining populations of 30 mussel species of historic occurrence, but the continued operation of Douglas Dam as a peaking hydroelectric project will reduce the probability of successfully reintroducing some species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Research and Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/rra.919","issn":"15351459","usgsCitation":"Layzer, J., and Scott, E., 2006, Restoration and colonization of freshwater mussels and fish in a southeastern United States tailwater: River Research and Applications, v. 22, no. 4, p. 475-491, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.919.","startPage":"475","endPage":"491","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212140,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.919"},{"id":239576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaabde4b0c8380cd864dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Layzer, J.B.","contributorId":53878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Layzer","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, E.M. Jr.","contributorId":63617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"E.M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031007,"text":"70031007 - 2006 - Scaling uncertainties in estimating canopy foliar maintenance respiration for black spruce ecosystems in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70031007","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2764,"text":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scaling uncertainties in estimating canopy foliar maintenance respiration for black spruce ecosystems in Alaska","docAbstract":"A major challenge confronting the scientific community is to understand both patterns of and controls over spatial and temporal variability of carbon exchange between boreal forest ecosystems and the atmosphere. An understanding of the sources of variability of carbon processes at fine scales and how these contribute to uncertainties in estimating carbon fluxes is relevant to representing these processes at coarse scales. To explore some of the challenges and uncertainties in estimating carbon fluxes at fine to coarse scales, we conducted a modeling analysis of canopy foliar maintenance respiration for black spruce ecosystems of Alaska by scaling empirical hourly models of foliar maintenance respiration (Rm) to estimate canopy foliar Rm for individual stands. We used variation in foliar N concentration among stands to develop hourly stand-specific models and then developed an hourly pooled model. An uncertainty analysis identified that the most important parameter affecting estimates of canopy foliar Rm was one that describes R m at 0??C per g N, which explained more than 55% of variance in annual estimates of canopy foliar Rm. The comparison of simulated annual canopy foliar Rm identified significant differences between stand-specific and pooled models for each stand. This result indicates that control over foliar N concentration should be considered in models that estimate canopy foliar Rm of black spruce stands across the landscape. In this study, we also temporally scaled the hourly stand-level models to estimate canopy foliar Rm of black spruce stands using mean monthly temperature data. Comparisons of monthly Rm between the hourly and monthly versions of the models indicated that there was very little difference between the estimates of hourly and monthly models, suggesting that hourly models can be aggregated to use monthly input data with little loss of precision. We conclude that uncertainties in the use of a coarse-scale model for estimating canopy foliar Rm at regional scales depend on uncertainties in representing needle-level respiration and on uncertainties in representing the spatial variability of canopy foliar N across a region. The development of spatial data sets of canopy foliar N represents a major challenge in estimating canopy foliar maintenance respiration at regional scales. ?? Springer 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11027-006-1015-5","issn":"13812386","usgsCitation":"Zhang, X., McGuire, A., and Ruess, R.W., 2006, Scaling uncertainties in estimating canopy foliar maintenance respiration for black spruce ecosystems in Alaska: Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, v. 11, no. 1, p. 147-174, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-006-1015-5.","startPage":"147","endPage":"174","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211480,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11027-006-1015-5"},{"id":238775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b871ce4b08c986b316302","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, X.","contributorId":30193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruess, Roger W.","contributorId":45483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruess","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030954,"text":"70030954 - 2006 - Analysis of environmental variation in a Great Plains reservoir using principal components analysis and geographic information systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030954","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2592,"text":"Lake and Reservoir Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of environmental variation in a Great Plains reservoir using principal components analysis and geographic information systems","docAbstract":"We present a method for spatial interpretation of environmental variation in a reservoir that integrates principal components analysis (PCA) of environmental data with geographic information systems (GIS). To illustrate our method, we used data from a Great Plains reservoir (Skiatook Lake, Oklahoma) with longitudinal variation in physicochemical conditions. We measured 18 physicochemical features, mapped them using GIS, and then calculated and interpreted four principal components. Principal component 1 (PC1) was readily interpreted as longitudinal variation in water chemistry, but the other principal components (PC2-4) were difficult to interpret. Site scores for PC1-4 were calculated in GIS by summing weighted overlays of the 18 measured environmental variables, with the factor loadings from the PCA as the weights. PC1-4 were then ordered into a landscape hierarchy, an emergent property of this technique, which enabled their interpretation. PC1 was interpreted as a reservoir scale change in water chemistry, PC2 was a microhabitat variable of rip-rap substrate, PC3 identified coves/embayments and PC4 consisted of shoreline microhabitats related to slope. The use of GIS improved our ability to interpret the more obscure principal components (PC2-4), which made the spatial variability of the reservoir environment more apparent. This method is applicable to a variety of aquatic systems, can be accomplished using commercially available software programs, and allows for improved interpretation of the geographic environmental variability of a system compared to using typical PCA plots. ?? Copyright by the North American Lake Management Society 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Lake and Reservoir Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10402381","usgsCitation":"Long, J., and Fisher, W., 2006, Analysis of environmental variation in a Great Plains reservoir using principal components analysis and geographic information systems: Lake and Reservoir Management, v. 22, no. 2, p. 132-140.","startPage":"132","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239036,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb11e4b0c8380cd48bcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, J.M.","contributorId":88944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, W.L.","contributorId":87713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70029003,"text":"70029003 - 2006 - Origin and significance of clay-coated fractures in mudrock fragments of the SAFOD borehole (Parkfield, California)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70029003","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin and significance of clay-coated fractures in mudrock fragments of the SAFOD borehole (Parkfield, California)","docAbstract":"The clay mineralogy and texture of rock fragments from the SAFOD borehole at 3067 m and 3436 m measured depth (MD) was investigated by electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) and X-ray-diffraction (XRD). The washed and ultrasonically cleaned samples show slickenfiber striations and thin films of Ca-K bearing smectite that are formed on polished fault surfaces, along freshly opened fractures and within adjacent mineralized veins. The cation composition and hydration behavior of these films differ from the Namontmorillonite of the fresh bentonite drilling mud, although there is more similarity with circulated mud recovered from 3479 m MD. We propose that these thin film smectite precipitates formed by natural nucleation and crystal growth during fault creep, probably associated with the shallow circulation of low temperature aqueous fluids along this shallow portion of the San Andreas Fault. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006GL026505","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Schleicher, A., van der Pluijm, B., Solum, J., and Warr, L., 2006, Origin and significance of clay-coated fractures in mudrock fragments of the SAFOD borehole (Parkfield, California): Geophysical Research Letters, v. 33, no. 16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026505.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477502,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl026505","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209966,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026505"},{"id":236736,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70bbe4b0c8380cd761e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schleicher, A.M.","contributorId":73395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schleicher","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van der Pluijm, B.A.","contributorId":56844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van der Pluijm","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Solum, J.G.","contributorId":79280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solum","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Warr, L.N.","contributorId":12676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warr","given":"L.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030605,"text":"70030605 - 2006 - Argon geochronology of Kilauea's early submarine history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-26T10:19:29","indexId":"70030605","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Argon geochronology of Kilauea's early submarine history","docAbstract":"<p><span>Submarine alkalic and transitional basalts collected by submersible along Kilauea volcano's south flank represent early eruptive products from Earth's most active volcano. Strongly alkalic basalt fragments sampled from volcaniclastic deposits below the mid-slope Hilina Bench yield&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar ages from 212</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>38 to 280</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>20 ka. These ages are similar to high-precision 234</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>9 and 239</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>10 ka phlogopite ages from nephelinite clasts in the same deposits. Above the mid-slope bench, two intact alkalic to transitional pillow lava sequences protrude through the younger sediment apron. Samples collected from a weakly alkalic basalt section yield 138</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>30 to 166</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>26 ka ages and others from a transitional basalt section yield 138</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>115 and 228</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>114 ka ages. The ages are incompatible with previous unspiked K–Ar studies from samples in deep drill holes along the east rift of Kilauea. The submarine birth of Kīlauea volcano is estimated at &lt;</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>300 ka. If the weakly alkalic sequence we dated is representative of the volcano as a whole, the transition from alkalic to tholeiitic basalt compositions is dated at ∼</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>150 ka.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.023","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Calvert, A.T., and Lanphere, M.A., 2006, Argon geochronology of Kilauea's early submarine history: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 151, no. 1-3, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.023.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaiʻi","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.5,\n              19.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.5,\n              18.8\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.5,\n              18.8\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.5,\n              19.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.5,\n              19.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"151","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed75e4b0c8380cd4980a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calvert, Andrew T. 0000-0001-5237-2218 acalvert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-2218","contributorId":2694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"Andrew","email":"acalvert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":427821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanphere, Marvin A. alder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"Marvin","email":"alder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":427820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030828,"text":"70030828 - 2006 - High-precision U-Pb geochronology in the Minnesota River Valley subprovince and its bearing on the Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic evolution of the southern Superior Province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-31T11:10:47","indexId":"70030828","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-precision U-Pb geochronology in the Minnesota River Valley subprovince and its bearing on the Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic evolution of the southern Superior Province","docAbstract":"<p>High-precision U-Pb ages have been obtained for high-grade gneisses, late-kinematic to postkinematic granitic plutons, and a crosscutting mafic dike of the Archean Minnesota River Valley tectonic subprovince, at the southern ramparts of the Superior craton of North America. The antiquity of the Minnesota River Valley terranes is confirmed by a high-precision U-Pb zircon age of 3422 ?? 2 Ma for a tonalitic phase of the Morton Gneiss. Voluminous, late-kinematic monzogranites of the Benson (Ortonville granite) and Morton (Sacred Heart granite) blocks yield identical crystallization ages of 2603 ?? 1 Ma, illustrating the synchrony and rapidity of deep crustal melting and plutonism throughout the Minnesota River Valley terranes. Postkinematic, 2591 ?? 2 Ma syenogranites and aplitic dikes in both blocks effectively constrain the final penetrative deformation of the Minnesota River Valley subprovince. Monazite growth from 2609 to 2595 Ma in granulitic paragneisses of the Benson and Montevideo blocks is interpreted to record prograde to peak granulite facies metamorphic conditions associated with crustal thickening and magmatism. Neoarchean metamorphism and plutonism are interpreted to record the timing of collisional accretion and terminal suturing of the Mesoarchean continental Minnesota River Valley terranes to the southern margin of the Superior Province, along the western Great Lakes tectonic zone. Subsequent Paleoproterozoic rifting of this margin is recorded by voluminous basaltic dike intrusion, expressed in the Minnesota River Valley by major WNW-trending tholeiitic diabase dikes dated at 2067 ?? 1 Ma, only slightly younger than the structurally and geochemically similar 2077 ?? 4 Ma Fort Frances (Kenora-Kabetogama) dike swarm of northern Minnesota and adjoining Canada. ?? 2006 Geological Society of America.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B25725.1","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Schmitz, M., Bowring, S., Southwick, D.L., Boerboom, T., and Wirth, K., 2006, High-precision U-Pb geochronology in the Minnesota River Valley subprovince and its bearing on the Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic evolution of the southern Superior Province: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 118, no. 1-2, p. 82-93, https://doi.org/10.1130/B25725.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"82","endPage":"93","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211385,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B25725.1"}],"volume":"118","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30efe4b0c8380cd5daa6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmitz, M.D.","contributorId":61638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitz","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowring, S. A.","contributorId":55164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowring","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Southwick, D. L.","contributorId":57130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southwick","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boerboom, Terrence","contributorId":11785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boerboom","given":"Terrence","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wirth, K.R.","contributorId":98534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirth","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70030827,"text":"70030827 - 2006 - Storage and interaction of compositionally heterogeneous magmas from the 1986 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-21T22:05:36","indexId":"70030827","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Storage and interaction of compositionally heterogeneous magmas from the 1986 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Compositional heterogeneity (56–64&nbsp;wt% SiO</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span>&nbsp;whole-rock) in samples of tephra and lava from the 1986 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska, raises questions about the physical nature of magma storage and interaction beneath this young and frequently active volcano. To determine conditions of magma storage and evolutionary histories of compositionally distinct magmas, we investigate physical and chemical characteristics of andesitic and dacitic magmas feeding the 1986 eruption. We calculate equilibrium temperatures and oxygen fugacities from Fe-Ti oxide compositions and find a continuous range in temperature from 877 to 947°C and high oxygen fugacities (ΔNNO=1–2) for all magmas. Melt inclusions in pyroxene phenocrysts analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and electron probe microanalysis are dacitic to rhyolitic and have water contents ranging from &lt;1 to ∼7&nbsp;wt%. Matrix glass compositions are rhyolitic and remarkably similar (∼75.9–76.6&nbsp;wt% SiO</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span>) in all samples. All samples have ∼25% phenocrysts, but lower-silica samples have much higher microlite contents than higher-silica samples. Continuous ranges in temperature and whole-rock composition, as well as linear trends in Harker diagrams and disequilibrium mineral textures, indicate that the 1986 magmas are the product of mixing between dacitic magma and a hotter, more mafic magma. The dacitic endmember is probably residual magma from the previous (1976) eruption of Augustine, and we interpret the mafic endmember to have been intruded from depth. Mixing appears to have continued as magmas ascended towards the vent. We suggest that the physical structure of the magma storage system beneath Augustine contributed to the sustained compositional heterogeneity of this eruption, which is best explained by magma storage and interaction in a vertically extensive system of interconnected dikes rather than a single coherent magma chamber and/or conduit. The typically short repose period (∼10 years) between Augustine's recent eruptive pulses may also inhibit homogenization, as short repose periods and chemically heterogeneous magmas are observed at several volcanoes in the Cook Inlet region of Alaska.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer International","doi":"10.1007/s00445-005-0003-z","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Roman, D.C., Cashman, K., Gardner, C.A., Wallace, P., and Donovan, J., 2006, Storage and interaction of compositionally heterogeneous magmas from the 1986 eruption of Augustine Volcano, Alaska: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 68, no. 3, p. 240-254, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-005-0003-z.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"240","endPage":"254","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Augustine Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -153.51470947265625, 59.412945785071 ], [ -153.47625732421875, 59.41993301322722 ], [ -153.446044921875, 59.428315784042574 ], [ -153.39385986328125, 59.428315784042574 ], [ -153.36090087890622, 59.41574084934491 ], [ -153.34442138671875, 59.39477224351409 ], [ -153.31695556640625, 59.37658895163648 ], [ -153.32794189453125, 59.33599107056162 ], [ -153.37188720703125, 59.32338185310805 ], [ -153.446044921875, 59.31777625443006 ], [ -153.5394287109375, 59.31076795603884 ], [ -153.577880859375, 59.32618430580267 ], [ -153.577880859375, 59.35139598294652 ], [ -153.60260009765625, 59.379387015928536 ], [ -153.59161376953125, 59.404559208021745 ], [ -153.55865478515625, 59.410150490100754 ], [ -153.51470947265625, 59.412945785071 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"68","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b986ae4b08c986b31c009","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roman, Diana C.","contributorId":176225,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roman","given":"Diana","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cashman, Katharine V.","contributorId":40097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cashman","given":"Katharine V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gardner, Cynthia A. 0000-0002-6214-6182 cgardner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6214-6182","contributorId":1959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Cynthia","email":"cgardner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wallace, Paul J.","contributorId":29308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Paul J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Donovan, John J.","contributorId":86091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"John J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70030825,"text":"70030825 - 2006 - Flow path oscillations in transient ground-water simulations of large peatland systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030825","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow path oscillations in transient ground-water simulations of large peatland systems","docAbstract":"Transient numerical simulations of the Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatland near the Red Lakes in Northern Minnesota were constructed to evaluate observed reversals in vertical ground-water flow. Seasonal weather changes were introduced to a ground-water flow model by varying evapotranspiration and recharge over time. Vertical hydraulic reversals, driven by changes in recharge and evapotranspiration were produced in the simulated peat layer. These simulations indicate that the high specific storage associated with the peat is an important control on hydraulic reversals. Seasonally driven vertical flow is on the order of centimeters in the deep peat, suggesting that seasonal vertical advective fluxes are not significant and that ground-water flow into the deep peat likely occurs on decadal or longer time scales. Particles tracked within the ground-water flow model oscillate over time, suggesting that seasonal flow reversals will enhance vertical mixing in the peat column. The amplitude of flow path oscillations increased with increasing peat storativity, with amplitudes of about 5 cm occurring when peat specific storativity was set to about 0.05 m-1. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.05.005","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Reeve, A., Evensen, R., Glaser, P., Siegel, D.I., and Rosenberry, D., 2006, Flow path oscillations in transient ground-water simulations of large peatland systems: Journal of Hydrology, v. 316, no. 1-4, p. 313-324, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.05.005.","startPage":"313","endPage":"324","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211325,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.05.005"},{"id":238594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"316","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a124ce4b0c8380cd54256","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeve, A.S.","contributorId":64446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeve","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evensen, R.","contributorId":7080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evensen","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glaser, P.H.","contributorId":13791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glaser","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Siegel, D. I.","contributorId":77562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegel","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rosenberry, D.","contributorId":39338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70030943,"text":"70030943 - 2006 - Characterization of sediment trapped by macroalgae on a Hawaiian reef flat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70030943","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of sediment trapped by macroalgae on a Hawaiian reef flat","docAbstract":"Reef researchers studying community shifts in the balance between corals and fleshy macroalgae have noted that algae are often covered with sediment. This study characterizes sediment trapping by macroalgae within a Hawaiian reef habitat and constrains the controls on this process. Sediment-laden macroalgae were sampled and macroalgal cover was assessed on a wide (???1 km) reef flat off south-central Molokai. Macroalgae trapped a mean of 1.26 (??0.91 SD) grams of sediment per gram of dry weight biomass and that sediment was dominantly terrigenous mud (59% by weight). It was determined that biomass, as a proxy for algal size, and morphology were not strict controls on the sediment trapping process. Over 300 metric tons of sediment were estimated to be retained by macroalgae across 5.75 km2 of reef flat (54 g m-2), suggesting that this process is an important component of sediment budgets. In addition, understanding the character of sediment trapped by macroalgae may help constrain suspended sediment flux and has implications for nutrient dynamics in reef flat environments. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2005.08.010","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Stamski, R., and Field, M., 2006, Characterization of sediment trapped by macroalgae on a Hawaiian reef flat: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 66, no. 1-2, p. 211-216, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2005.08.010.","startPage":"211","endPage":"216","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211561,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2005.08.010"}],"volume":"66","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4d7e4b0c8380cd4bf68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stamski, R.E.","contributorId":81574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamski","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Field, M.E.","contributorId":27052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030942,"text":"70030942 - 2006 - A non-invasive technique to bleed incubating birds without trapping: A blood-sucking bug in a hollow egg","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70030942","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2409,"text":"Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A non-invasive technique to bleed incubating birds without trapping: A blood-sucking bug in a hollow egg","docAbstract":"We describe a non-invasive technique to obtain blood samples from incubating birds without trapping and handling. A larval instar of the blood-sucking bug Dipetalogaster maximus (Heteroptera) was put in a hollowed artificial egg which was placed in a common tern Sterna hirundo) nest. A gauze-covered hole in the egg allowed the bug to draw blood from the brood patch of breeding adults. We successfully collected 68 blood samples of sufficient amount (median=187 ??l). The daily success rate was highest during the early breeding season and averaged 34% for all trials. We could not detect any visible response by the incubating bird to the sting of the bug. This technique allows for non-invasive blood collection from bird species of various sizes without disturbance. ?? Dt. Ornithologen-Gesellschaft e.V. 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10336-005-0027-3","issn":"00218375","usgsCitation":"Becker, P., Voigt, C., Arnold, J., and Nagel, R., 2006, A non-invasive technique to bleed incubating birds without trapping: A blood-sucking bug in a hollow egg: Journal of Ornithology, v. 147, no. 1, p. 115-118, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-005-0027-3.","startPage":"115","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211534,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-005-0027-3"},{"id":238836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"147","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4bee4b0c8380cd468bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becker, P.H.","contributorId":91296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voigt, C.C.","contributorId":66057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voigt","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arnold, J.M.","contributorId":84489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nagel, R.","contributorId":60851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagel","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030823,"text":"70030823 - 2006 - Population structure of the giant garter snake, Thamnophis gigas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030823","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population structure of the giant garter snake, Thamnophis gigas","docAbstract":"The giant garter snake, Thamnophis gigas, is a threatened species endemic to California's Central Valley. We tested the hypothesis that current watershed boundaries have caused genetic differentiation among populations of T. gigas. We sampled 14 populations throughout the current geographic range of T. gigas and amplified 859 bp from the mitochondrial gene ND4 and one nuclear microsatellite locus. DNA sequence variation from the mitochondrial gene indicates there is some genetic structuring of the populations, with high F ST values and unique haplotypes occurring at high frequency in several populations. We found that clustering populations by watershed boundary results in significant between-region genetic variance for mtDNA. However, analysis of allele frequencies at the microsatellite locus NSU3 reveals very low F ST values and little between-region variation in allele frequencies. The discordance found between mitochondrial and microsatellite data may be explained by aspects of molecular evolution and/or T. gigas life history characteristics. Differences in effective population size between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, or male-biased gene flow, result in a lower migration rate of mitochondrial haplotypes relative to nuclear alleles. However, we cannot exclude homoplasy as one explanation for homogeneity found for the single microsatellite locus. The mitochondrial nucleotide sequence data supports conservation practices that identify separate management units for T. gigas. ?? Springer 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Genetics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10592-005-7439-8","issn":"15660621","usgsCitation":"Paquin, M., Wylie, G., and Routman, E., 2006, Population structure of the giant garter snake, Thamnophis gigas: Conservation Genetics, v. 7, no. 1, p. 25-36, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-005-7439-8.","startPage":"25","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238560,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211292,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-005-7439-8"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7da2e4b0c8380cd7a086","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paquin, M.M.","contributorId":7496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paquin","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wylie, G.D.","contributorId":68238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Routman, E.J.","contributorId":93694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Routman","given":"E.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030822,"text":"70030822 - 2006 - Borehole environmental tracers for evaluating net infiltration and recharge through desert bedrock","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030822","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Borehole environmental tracers for evaluating net infiltration and recharge through desert bedrock","docAbstract":"Permeable bedrock aquifers in arid regions are being increasingly developed as water supplies, yet little is generally known about recharge processes and spatial and temporal variability. Environmental tracers from boreholes were used in this study to investigate net infiltration and recharge to the fractured Navajo Sandstone aquifer. Vadose zone tracer profiles at the Sand Hollow study site in southwestern Utah look similar to those of desert soils at other sites, indicating the predominance of matrix flow. However, recharge rates are generally higher in the Navajo Sandstone than in unconsolidated soils in similar climates because the sandstone matrix allows water movement but not root penetration. Water enters the vadose zone either as direct infiltration of precipitation through exposed sandstone and sandy soils or as focused infiltration of runoff. Net infiltration and recharge exhibit extreme spatial variability. High-recharge borehole sites generally have large amounts of vadose zone tritium, low chloride concentrations, and small vadose zone oxygen-18 evaporative shifts. Annual net-infiltration and recharge rates at different locations range from about 1 to 60 mm as determined using vadose zone tritium, 0 to 15 mm using vadose zone chloride, and 3 to 60 mm using groundwater chloride. Environmental tracers indicate a cyclical net-infiltration and recharge pattern, with higher rates earlier in the Holocene and lower rates during the late Holocene, and a return to higher rates during recent decades associated with anomalously high precipitation during the latter part of the 20th century. The slightly enriched stable isotopic composition of modern groundwater indicates this recent increase in precipitation may be caused by a stronger summer monsoon or winter southern Pacific El Nin??o storm track. ?? Soil Science Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Vadose Zone Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2136/vzj2005.0002","issn":"15391663","usgsCitation":"Heilweil, V., Solomon, D.K., and Gardner, P., 2006, Borehole environmental tracers for evaluating net infiltration and recharge through desert bedrock: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 5, no. 1, p. 98-102, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2005.0002.","startPage":"98","endPage":"102","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211291,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2005.0002"},{"id":238559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f216e4b0c8380cd4afd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heilweil, V.M.","contributorId":25197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heilweil","given":"V.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Solomon, D. K.","contributorId":98324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Solomon","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gardner, P.M.","contributorId":103075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030940,"text":"70030940 - 2006 - Effects of water removal on a Hawaiian stream ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-20T15:36:25","indexId":"70030940","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2990,"text":"Pacific Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of water removal on a Hawaiian stream ecosystem","docAbstract":"A 3-year study of Wainiha River on Kaua'i, Hawai'i, was carried out to determine the impact that water removal had on key stream ecosystem parameters and functions. The study area included a diversion dam for a hydroelectric plant that removes water at an elevation of 213 m and returns it to the stream about 6 km downstream at an elevation of 30 m. There were two high-elevation sites, one with undiverted flow and one with reduced flow, and two low-elevation sites, one with reduced flow and one with full flow restored. Monthly samples were taken of instream and riparian invertebrates and plants. When samples from similar elevations were compared, dewatered sites had lower concentrations of benthic photosynthetic pigments than full-flow sites, and benthic ash-free dry mass (AFDM) was higher at the two low-elevation sites regardless of flow. Benthic chlorophyll a (chl a) and AFDM were higher in summer months than in the winter. Benthic invertebrate abundance was highest at the full-flow, low-elevation site and benthic invertebrate biomass was highest at the full-flow, high-elevation site. Season had only marginal effects on abundance and biomass of benthic invertebrates. Diversity of benthic invertebrates was higher at the more-downstream sites. Abundance of drifting invertebrates was highest at the site above the diversion dam and generally higher in winter than in summer months. Biomass of drifting invertebrates was also highest at the above-dam site but there was little seasonal difference. Almost all parameters measured were lowest at the site just downstream of the diversion dam. The biotic parameters responded only weakly to flows that had occurred up to 1 month before the measurements were made. Flow, elevation, and season interact in complex ways that impact ecosystem parameters and functions, but water diversion can override all these environmental factors. ?? 2006 by University of Hawai'i Press All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pacific Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1353/psc.2005.0058","issn":"00308870","usgsCitation":"Kinzie, R.A., Chong, C., Devrell, J., Lindstrom, D., and Wolff, R., 2006, Effects of water removal on a Hawaiian stream ecosystem: Pacific Science, v. 60, no. 1, p. 1-47, https://doi.org/10.1353/psc.2005.0058.","startPage":"1","endPage":"47","numberOfPages":"47","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477387,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10125/22546","text":"External Repository"},{"id":238834,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269782,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psc.2005.0058"}],"volume":"60","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0837e4b0c8380cd51a19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinzie, R. A. III","contributorId":56397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinzie","given":"R.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chong, C.","contributorId":16649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chong","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Devrell, J.","contributorId":32348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Devrell","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindstrom, D.","contributorId":96478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindstrom","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wolff, R.","contributorId":49977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolff","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70030939,"text":"70030939 - 2006 - Incubation period and immune function: A comparative field study among coexisting birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030939","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incubation period and immune function: A comparative field study among coexisting birds","docAbstract":"Developmental periods are integral components of life history strategies that can have important fitness consequences and vary enormously among organisms. However, the selection pressures and mechanisms causing variation in length of developmental periods are poorly understood. Particularly puzzling are prolonged developmental periods, because their selective advantage is unclear. Here we tested the hypotheses that immune function is stronger in species that are attacked at a higher rate by parasites and that prolonged embryonic development allows the development of this stronger immune system. Through a comparative field study among 12 coexisting passerine bird species, we show that species with higher blood parasite prevalence mounted stronger cellular immune responses than species with lower prevalence. These results provide support for the hypothesis that species facing greater selection pressure from parasites invest more in immune function. However, species with longer incubation periods mounted weaker cellular immune responses than species with shorter periods. Therefore, cellular immune responses do not support the hypothesis that longer development time enhances immunocompentence. Future studies should assess other components of the immune system and test alternative causes of variation in incubation periods among bird species. ?? Springer-Verlag 2005.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oecologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00442-005-0220-3","issn":"00298549","usgsCitation":"Palacios, M., and Martin, T.E., 2006, Incubation period and immune function: A comparative field study among coexisting birds: Oecologia, v. 146, no. 4, p. 505-512, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0220-3.","startPage":"505","endPage":"512","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211506,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0220-3"},{"id":238804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"146","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-10-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3a0ee4b0c8380cd61b2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palacios, M.G.","contributorId":95266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palacios","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, T. E.","contributorId":10911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}