{"pageNumber":"2486","pageRowStart":"62125","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184689,"records":[{"id":70028239,"text":"70028239 - 2006 - Effect of dispersal at range edges on the structure of species ranges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028239","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of dispersal at range edges on the structure of species ranges","docAbstract":"Range edges are of particular interest to ecology because they hold key insights into the limits of the realized niche and associated population dynamics. A recent feature of Oikos summarized the state of the art on range edge ecology. While the typical question is what causes range edges, another important question is how range edges influence the distribution of abundances across a species geographic range when dispersal is present. We used a single species population dynamics model on a coupled-lattice to determine the effects of dispersal on peripheral populations as compared to populations at the core of the range. In the absence of resource gradients, the reduced neighborhood and thus lower connectivity or higher isolation among populations at the range edge alone led to significantly lower population sizes in the periphery of the range than in the core. Lower population sizes mean higher extinction risks and lower adaptability at the range edge, which could inhibit or slow range expansions, and thus effectively stabilize range edges. The strength of this effect depended on the potential population growth rate and the maximum dispersal distance. Lower potential population growth rates led to a stronger effect of dispersal resulting in a higher difference in population sizes between the two areas. The differential effect of dispersal on population sizes at the core and periphery of the range in the absence of resource gradients implies that traditional, habitat-based distribution models could result in misleading conclusions about the habitat quality in the periphery. Lower population sizes at the periphery are also relevant to conservation, because habitat removal not only eliminates populations but also creates new edges. Populations bordering these new edges may experience declines, due to their increased isolation. ?? OIKOS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oikos","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14825.x","issn":"00301299","usgsCitation":"Bahn, V., O’Connor, R., and Krohn, W., 2006, Effect of dispersal at range edges on the structure of species ranges: Oikos, v. 115, no. 1, p. 89-96, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14825.x.","startPage":"89","endPage":"96","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":498948,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14825.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":210400,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14825.x"},{"id":237305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05d4e4b0c8380cd50fa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bahn, V.","contributorId":23741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bahn","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Connor, R.J.","contributorId":37861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krohn, W.B.","contributorId":64355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohn","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028313,"text":"70028313 - 2006 - Numerical simulation of tsunami generation by cold volcanic mass flows at Augustine Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-21T20:42:19","indexId":"70028313","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2824,"text":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical simulation of tsunami generation by cold volcanic mass flows at Augustine Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"Many of the world's active volcanoes are situated on or near coastlines. During eruptions, diverse geophysical mass flows, including pyroclastic flows, debris avalanches, and lahars, can deliver large volumes of unconsolidated debris to the ocean in a short period of time and thereby generate tsunamis. Deposits of both hot and cold volcanic mass flows produced by eruptions of Aleutian arc volcanoes are exposed at many locations along the coastlines of the Bering Sea, North Pacific Ocean, and Cook Inlet, indicating that the flows entered the sea and in some cases may have initiated tsunamis. We evaluate the process of tsunami generation by cold granular subaerial volcanic mass flows using examples from Augustine Volcano in southern Cook Inlet. Augustine Volcano is the most historically active volcano in the Cook Inlet region, and future eruptions, should they lead to debris-avalanche formation and tsunami generation, could be hazardous to some coastal areas. Geological investigations at Augustine Volcano suggest that as many as 12-14 debris avalanches have reached the sea in the last 2000 years, and a debris avalanche emplaced during an A.D. 1883 eruption may have initiated a tsunami that was observed about 80 km east of the volcano at the village of English Bay (Nanwalek) on the coast of the southern Kenai Peninsula. Numerical simulation of mass-flow motion, tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation for Augustine Volcano indicate only modest wave generation by volcanic mass flows and localized wave effects. However, for east-directed mass flows entering Cook Inlet, tsunamis are capable of reaching the more populated coastlines of the southwestern Kenai Peninsula, where maximum water amplitudes of several meters are possible.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/nhess-6-671-2006","issn":"15618633","usgsCitation":"Waythomas, C.F., Watts, P., and Walder, J.S., 2006, Numerical simulation of tsunami generation by cold volcanic mass flows at Augustine Volcano, Alaska: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, v. 6, no. 5, p. 671-685, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-6-671-2006.","startPage":"671","endPage":"685","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477396,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-6-671-2006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236819,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267917,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-6-671-2006"}],"volume":"6","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a692ce4b0c8380cd73bd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waythomas, C. F.","contributorId":10065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watts, P.","contributorId":81669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walder, J. S.","contributorId":32561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walder","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028312,"text":"70028312 - 2006 - Recharge processes drive sulfate reduction in an alluvial aquifer contaminated with landfill leachate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T07:46:32","indexId":"70028312","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recharge processes drive sulfate reduction in an alluvial aquifer contaminated with landfill leachate","docAbstract":"

Natural attenuation of contaminants in groundwater depends on an adequate supply of electron acceptors to stimulate biodegradation. In an alluvial aquifer contaminated with leachate from an unlined municipal landfill, the mechanism of recharge infiltration was investigated as a source of electron acceptors. Water samples were collected monthly at closely spaced intervals in the top 2 m of the saturated zone from a leachate-contaminated well and an uncontaminated well, and analyzed for δ18O, δ2H, non-volatile dissolved organic carbon (NVDOC), SO42−, NO3− and Cl−. Monthly recharge amounts were quantified using the offset of the δ18O or δ2H from the local meteoric water line as a parameter to distinguish water types, as evaporation and methanogenesis caused isotopic enrichment in waters from different sources. Presence of dissolved SO42− in the top 1 to 2 m of the saturated zone was associated with recharge; SO42− averaged 2.2 mM, with maximum concentrations of 15 mM. Nitrate was observed near the water table at the contaminated site at concentrations up to 4.6 mM. Temporal monitoring of δ2H and SO42− showed that vertical transport of recharge carried SO42− to depths up to 1.75 m below the water table, supplying an additional electron acceptor to the predominantly methanogenic leachate plume. Measurements of δ34S in SO42−indicated both SO42− reduction and sulfide oxidation were occurring in the aquifer. Depth-integrated net SO42− reduction rates, calculated using the natural Cl−gradient as a conservative tracer, ranged from 7.5 × 10− 3 to 0.61 mM·d− 1 (over various depth intervals from 0.45 to 1.75 m). Sulfate reduction occurred at both the contaminated and uncontaminated sites; however, median SO42− reduction rates were higher at the contaminated site. Although estimated SO42− reduction rates are relatively high, significant decreases in NVDOC were not observed at the contaminated site. Organic compounds more labile than the leachate NVDOC may be present in the root zone, and SO42− reduction may be coupled to methane oxidation. The results show that sulfur (and possibly nitrogen) redox processes within the top 2 m of the aquifer are directly related to recharge timing and seasonal water level changes in the aquifer. The results suggest that SO42−reduction associated with the infiltration of recharge may be a significant factor affecting natural attenuation of contaminants in alluvial aquifers.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.03.005","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Scholl, M.A., Cozzarelli, I., and Christenson, S.C., 2006, Recharge processes drive sulfate reduction in an alluvial aquifer contaminated with landfill leachate: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 86, no. 3-4, p. 239-261, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.03.005.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"261","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210024,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.03.005"}],"volume":"86","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9666e4b0c8380cd81f8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, M. A.","contributorId":86365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cozzarelli, I.M. 0000-0002-5123-1007","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":22343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"I.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christenson, S. C.","contributorId":98320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028166,"text":"70028166 - 2006 - Controls of bedrock geochemistry on soil and plant nutrients in Southeastern Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-17T16:49:15.810141","indexId":"70028166","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Controls of bedrock geochemistry on soil and plant nutrients in Southeastern Utah","docAbstract":"

The cold deserts of the Colorado Plateau contain numerous geologically and geochemically distinct sedimentary bedrock types. In the area near Canyonlands National Park in Southeastern Utah, geochemical variation in geologic substrates is related to the depositional environment with higher concentrations of Fe, Al, P, K, and Mg in sediments deposited in alluvial or marine environments and lower concentrations in bedrock derived from eolian sand dunes. Availability of soil nutrients to vegetation is also controlled by the formation of secondary minerals, particularly for P and Ca availability, which, in some geologic settings, appears closely related to variation of CaCO3 and Ca-phosphates in soils. However, the results of this study also indicate that P content is related to bedrock and soil Fe and Al content suggesting that the deposition history of the bedrock and the presence of P-bearing Fe and Al minerals, is important to contemporary P cycling in this region. The relation between bedrock type and exchangeable Mg and K is less clear-cut, despite large variation in bedrock concentrations of these elements. We examined soil nutrient concentrations and foliar nutrient concentration of grasses, shrubs, conifers, and forbs in four geochemically distinct field sites. All four of the functional plant groups had similar proportional responses to variation in soil nutrient availability despite large absolute differences in foliar nutrient concentrations and stoichiometry across species. Foliar P concentration (normalized to N) in particular showed relatively small variation across different geochemical settings despite large variation in soil P availability in these study sites. The limited foliar variation in bedrock-derived nutrients suggests that the dominant plant species in this dryland setting have a remarkably strong capacity to maintain foliar chemistry ratios despite large underlying differences in soil nutrient availability.

","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-005-0092-8","issn":"","usgsCitation":"Neff, J.C., Reynolds, R.L., Sanford, R., Fernandez, D., and Lamothe, P.J., 2006, Controls of bedrock geochemistry on soil and plant nutrients in Southeastern Utah: Ecosystems, v. 9, no. 6, p. 879-893, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-005-0092-8.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"879","endPage":"893","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Canyonlands National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.25741577148438,\n 37.94419750075404\n ],\n [\n -109.63668823242188,\n 37.94419750075404\n ],\n [\n -109.63668823242188,\n 38.50089258896462\n ],\n [\n -110.25741577148438,\n 38.50089258896462\n ],\n [\n -110.25741577148438,\n 37.94419750075404\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbcce4b0c8380cd4df78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neff, J. C.","contributorId":29935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":139068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanford, R.L. Jr.","contributorId":10983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"R.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fernandez, D.","contributorId":68094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandez","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lamothe, Paul J. plamothe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"Paul","email":"plamothe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":416869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028168,"text":"70028168 - 2006 - Helium isotopes in ferromanganese crusts from the central Pacific Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-09T13:13:33","indexId":"70028168","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Helium isotopes in ferromanganese crusts from the central Pacific Ocean","docAbstract":"Helium isotopes have been measured in samples of two ferromanganese crusts (VA13/2 and CD29-2) from the central Pacific Ocean. With the exception of the deepest part of crust CD29-2 the data can be explained by a mixture of implanted solar- and galactic cosmic ray-produced (GCR) He, in extraterrestrial grains, and radiogenic He in wind-borne continental dust grains. 4He concentrations are invariant and require retention of less than 12% of the in situ He produced since crust formation. Loss has occurred by recoil and diffusion. High 4He in CD29-2 samples older than 42 Ma are correlated with phosphatization and can be explained by retention of up to 12% of the in situ-produced 4He. 3He/4He of VA13/2 samples varies from 18.5 to 1852 Ra due almost entirely to variation in the extraterrestrial He contribution. The highest 3He/4He is comparable to the highest values measured in interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) and micrometeorites (MMs). Helium concentrations are orders of magnitude lower than in oceanic sediments reflecting the low trapping efficiency for in-falling terrestrial and extraterrestrial grains of Fe-Mn crusts. The extraterrestrial 3He concentration of the crusts rules out whole, undegassed 4–40 μm diameter IDPs as the host. Instead it requires that the extraterrestrial He inventory is carried by numerous particles with significantly lower He concentrations, and occasional high concentration GCR-He-bearing particles.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2006.05.015","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Basu, S., Stuart, F., Klemm, V., Korschinek, G., Knie, K., and Hein, J., 2006, Helium isotopes in ferromanganese crusts from the central Pacific Ocean: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 70, no. 15, p. 3996-4006, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.05.015.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3996","endPage":"4006","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210338,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.05.015"},{"id":237230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Pacific Ocean","volume":"70","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a303fe4b0c8380cd5d4a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Basu, S.","contributorId":55365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Basu","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stuart, F.M.","contributorId":6780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuart","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klemm, V.","contributorId":43898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klemm","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Korschinek, G.","contributorId":85726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korschinek","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knie, K.","contributorId":75079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knie","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028309,"text":"70028309 - 2006 - Sea-level and tectonic control of middle to late Pleistocene turbidite systems in Santa Monica Basin, offshore California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70028309","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3369,"text":"Sedimentology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea-level and tectonic control of middle to late Pleistocene turbidite systems in Santa Monica Basin, offshore California","docAbstract":"Small turbidite systems offshore from southern California provide an opportunity to track sediment from river source through the turbidity-current initiation process to ultimate deposition, and to evaluate the impact of changing sea level and tectonics. The Santa Monica Basin is almost a closed system for terrigenous sediment input, and is supplied principally from the Santa Clara River. The Hueneme fan is supplied directly by the river, whereas the smaller Mugu and Dume fans are nourished by southward longshore drift. This study of the Late Quaternary turbidite fill of the Santa Monica Basin uses a dense grid of high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles tied to new radiocarbon ages for Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1015 back to 32 ka. Over the last glacial cycle, sedimentation rates in the distal part of Santa Monica Basin averaged 2-3 mm yr-1, with increases at times of extreme relative sea-level lowstand. Coarser-grained mid-fan lobes prograded into the basin from the Hueneme, Mugu and Dume fans at times of rapid sea-level fall. These pulses of coarse-grained sediment resulted from river channel incision and delta cannibalization. During the extreme lowstand of the last glacial maximum, sediment delivery was concentrated on the Hueneme Fan, with mean depositional rates of up to 13 mm yr-1 on the mid- and upper fan. During the marine isotope stage (MIS) 2 transgression, enhanced rates of sedimentation of > 4 mm yr-1 occurred on the Mugu and Dume fans, as a result of distributary switching and southward littoral drift providing nourishment to these fan systems. Longer-term sediment delivery to Santa Monica Basin was controlled by tectonics. Prior to MIS 10, the Anacapa ridge blocked the southward discharge of the Santa Clara River into the Santa Monica Basin. The pattern and distribution of turbidite sedimentation was strongly controlled by sea level through the rate of supply of coarse sediment and the style of initiation of turbidity currents. These two factors appear to have been more important than the absolute position of sea level. ?? 2006 The Authors. Journal compilation 2006 International Association of Sedimentologists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00797.x","issn":"00370746","usgsCitation":"Normark, W.R., Piper, D., and Sliter, R., 2006, Sea-level and tectonic control of middle to late Pleistocene turbidite systems in Santa Monica Basin, offshore California: Sedimentology, v. 53, no. 4, p. 867-897, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00797.x.","startPage":"867","endPage":"897","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210404,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00797.x"},{"id":237309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8814e4b08c986b3167cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piper, D.J.W.","contributorId":17351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"D.J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7219,"text":"Natural Resources Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":417483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sliter, R.","contributorId":66311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028307,"text":"70028307 - 2006 - Multiple injected and natural conservative tracers quantify mixing in a stream confluence affected by acid mine drainage near Silverton, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-26T10:15:54","indexId":"70028307","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple injected and natural conservative tracers quantify mixing in a stream confluence affected by acid mine drainage near Silverton, Colorado","docAbstract":"The acidic discharge from Cement Creek, containing elevated concentrations of dissolved metals and sulphate, mixed with the circumneutral-pH Animas River over a several hundred metre reach (mixing zone) near Silverton, CO, during this study. Differences in concentrations of Ca, Mg, Si, Sr, and SO42- between the creek and the river were sufficiently large for these analytes to be used as natural tracers in the mixing zone. In addition, a sodium chloride (NaCl) tracer was injected into Cement Creek, which provided a Cl- 'reference' tracer in the mixing zone. Conservative transport of the dissolved metals and sulphate through the mixing zone was verified by mass balances and by linear mixing plots relative to the injected reference tracer. At each of seven sites in the mixing zone, five samples were collected at evenly spaced increments of the observed across-channel gradients, as determined by specific conductance. This created sets of samples that adequately covered the ranges of mixtures (mixing ratios, in terms of the fraction of Animas River water, %AR). Concentrations measured in each mixing zone sample and in the upstream Animas River and Cement Creek were used to compute %AR for the reference and natural tracers. Values of %AR from natural tracers generally showed good agreement with values from the reference tracer, but variability in discharge and end-member concentrations and analytical errors contributed to unexpected outlier values for both injected and natural tracers. The median value (MV) %AR (calculated from all of the tracers) reduced scatter in the mixing plots for the dissolved metals, indicating that the MV estimate reduced the effects of various potential errors that could affect any tracer.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6081","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Schemel, L., Cox, M., Runkel, R., and Kimball, B.A., 2006, Multiple injected and natural conservative tracers quantify mixing in a stream confluence affected by acid mine drainage near Silverton, Colorado: Hydrological Processes, v. 20, no. 13, p. 2727-2743, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6081.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2727","endPage":"2743","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237274,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210376,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6081"}],"volume":"20","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a606ce4b0c8380cd7144b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schemel, L. E.","contributorId":89529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schemel","given":"L. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, M.H.","contributorId":34306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Runkel, R.L.","contributorId":97529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kimball, B. A.","contributorId":87583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimball","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028176,"text":"70028176 - 2006 - Potential effects of recurrent low oxygen conditions on the Illinois Cave amphipod","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028176","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2201,"text":"Journal of Cave and Karst Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential effects of recurrent low oxygen conditions on the Illinois Cave amphipod","docAbstract":"The caves of Illinois' sinkhole plain are the sole habitat of the Illinois Cave amphipod (Gammarus acherondytes), a federally endangered species. The sinkhole plain is a hydrologically-connected sequence of karstified limestone that constitutes an extensive karst aquifer which serves as an important source of potable water for area residents. During this investigation, we examined the ground-water quality in caves within two ground-water basins: 1) Illinois Caverns, where the amphipod is now present after previously reported to have been extirpated from the lower reaches, and 2) Stemler Cave, where the amphipod is reported to have been extirpated. The chemical composition of cave streams in Illinois Caverns and Stemler Cave were compared to determine which parameters, if any, could have contributed to the loss of G. acherondytes from Stemler Cave. Stream water in Stemler Cave contained higher concentrations of organic carbon, potassium, silica, chloride, fluoride, sulfate, iron and manganese than Illinois Caverns. Perhaps most importantly, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in Stemler Cave were, during periods of low flow, substantially lower than in Illinois Caverns. Based on land use, there are probably at least eight times more private septic systems in the Stemler Cave ground-water basin than in the Illinois Caverns ground-water basin. Low DO concentrations were likely the result of microbial breakdown of soil organic matter and wastewater treatment system effluent, and the oxidation of pyrite in bedrock. The near-hypoxic DO in Stemler Cave that occurred during low-flow conditions, and, we speculate, a limited range of G. acherondytes within the Stemler Cave ground-water basin due to a metabolic advantage of the stygophilic aquatic invertebrates over the stygobitic G. acherodytes, resulted in the apparent loss of G. acherondytes from Stemler Cave.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Cave and Karst Studies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10906924","usgsCitation":"Panno, S., Hackley, K.C., Kelly, W., Hwang, H., Wilhelm, F., Taylor, S., and Stiff, B., 2006, Potential effects of recurrent low oxygen conditions on the Illinois Cave amphipod: Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, v. 68, no. 2, p. 55-63.","startPage":"55","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7edce4b0c8380cd7a7c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Panno, S.V.","contributorId":102990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panno","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hackley, Keith C.","contributorId":12166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelly, W.R.","contributorId":74120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hwang, H.-H.","contributorId":6981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hwang","given":"H.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilhelm, F.M.","contributorId":94844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilhelm","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Taylor, S.J.","contributorId":26872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stiff, B.J.","contributorId":42015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stiff","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70028180,"text":"70028180 - 2006 - Conspecific attraction in a grassland bird, the Baird's Sparrow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T09:48:51","indexId":"70028180","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conspecific attraction in a grassland bird, the Baird's Sparrow","docAbstract":"

Territorial songbirds generally use song to defend territories and attract mates, but conspecific song may also serve as a cue to attract other male songbirds to a breeding site. Although known to occur in some colonial and forest-associated species, only recently have investigators examined conspecific attraction in grassland species. We used a playback experiment to examine the possible role of conspecific attraction for males searching for potentially suitable breeding habitat in a grassland specialist, the Baird's Sparrow (Ammodramus bairdii). Experimental playback plots and control plots with similar landscape and vegetation characteristics were established at two sites in North Dakota. Baird's Sparrows colonized three of six experimental plots and none of six control plots. Males on experimental plots established territories adjacent to the playback stations and were sometimes observed counter-singing with the playback of conspecific songs. Vegetation characteristics were similar on all study plots, and did not explain differences in bird density on our treatment plots. Although we found that playback of conspecific songs attracted male Baird's Sparrows to previously unoccupied, potentially suitable habitat, further experiments are needed to examine the importance of conspecific attraction relative to other cues that birds may use, such as vegetation features. The conservation and management implications of conspecific attraction are not completely understood, but the presence of conspecifics should be considered as a potential cue in habitat selection by all species of birds. 

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1557-9263.2006.00066.x","issn":"02738570","usgsCitation":"Ahlering, M., Johnson, D.H., and Faaborg, J., 2006, Conspecific attraction in a grassland bird, the Baird's Sparrow: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 77, no. 4, p. 365-371, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2006.00066.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"371","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236878,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210070,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2006.00066.x"}],"volume":"77","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa01e4b0c8380cd4d889","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahlering, M.A.","contributorId":59611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahlering","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Faaborg, John","contributorId":32871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faaborg","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028181,"text":"70028181 - 2006 - Microsatellite DNA markers for assessing phylogeographic and population structure in Preble's meadow jumping mice (Zapus hudsonius preblei) and cross-amplification among neighbouring taxa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028181","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2775,"text":"Molecular Ecology Notes","onlineIssn":"1471-8286","printIssn":"1471-8278","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microsatellite DNA markers for assessing phylogeographic and population structure in Preble's meadow jumping mice (Zapus hudsonius preblei) and cross-amplification among neighbouring taxa","docAbstract":"We document the isolation and characterization of 14 tetranucleotide microsatellite DNA markers in Preble's meadow jumping mouse (Zapus hudsonius preblei). The identified markers displayed moderate levels of allelic diversity (averaging 4.9 alleles per locus) and heterozygosity (averaging 55.1%). Genotypic and allelic frequencies in a collection of 30 individuals conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectations and indicated no linkage disequilibrium. High levels of cross-amplification (95% overall) among neighbouring subspecies and two congeners (Zapus princeps and Zapus trinotatus) were observed. Multilocus genotypes resulting from these markers appear to provide ample genetic diversity for studies assessing individual- and population-level ecological interactions within Z. h. preblei and evolutionary relationships among neighbouring subspecies (Z. h. campestris, Z. h. intermedius, Z. h. pallidus and Z. h. luteus). ?? 2006 The Authors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology Notes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01293.x","issn":"14718278","usgsCitation":"King, T., Eackles, M., and Young, C., 2006, Microsatellite DNA markers for assessing phylogeographic and population structure in Preble's meadow jumping mice (Zapus hudsonius preblei) and cross-amplification among neighbouring taxa: Molecular Ecology Notes, v. 6, no. 3, p. 670-673, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01293.x.","startPage":"670","endPage":"673","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210071,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01293.x"},{"id":236879,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a569ce4b0c8380cd6d6d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, T.L.","contributorId":93416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eackles, M.S.","contributorId":79059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eackles","given":"M.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, C.","contributorId":67709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028294,"text":"70028294 - 2006 - Platinum-group element, Gold, Silver and Base Metal distribution in compositionally zoned sulfide droplets from the Medvezky Creek Mine, Noril'sk, Russia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028294","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Platinum-group element, Gold, Silver and Base Metal distribution in compositionally zoned sulfide droplets from the Medvezky Creek Mine, Noril'sk, Russia","docAbstract":"Concentrations of Ag, Au, Cd, Co, Re, Zn and Platinum-group elements (PGE) have been determined in sulfide minerals from zoned sulfide droplets of the Noril'sk 1 Medvezky Creek Mine. The aims of the study were; to establish whether these elements are located in the major sulfide minerals (pentlandite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and cubanite), to establish whether the elements show a preference for a particular sulfide mineral and to investigate the model, which suggests that the zonation in the droplets is caused by the crystal fractionation of monosulfide solid solution (mss). Nickel, Cu, Ag, Re, Os, Ir, Ru, Rh and Pd, were found to be largely located in the major sulfide minerals. In contrast, less than 25% of the Au, Cd, Pt and Zn in the rock was found to be present in these sulfides. Osmium, Ir, Ru, Rh and Re were found to be concentrated in pyrrhotite and pentlandite. Palladium and Co was found to be concentrated in pentlandite. Silver, Cd and Zn concentrations are highest in chalcopyrite and cubanite. Gold and platinum showed no preference for any of the major sulfide minerals. The enrichment of Os, Ir, Ru, Rh and Re in pyrrhotite and pentlandite (exsolution products of mss) and the low levels of these elements in the cubanite and chalcopyrite (exsolution products of intermediate solid solution, iss) support the mss crystal fractionation model, because Os, Ir, Ru, Rh and Re are compatible with mss. The enrichment of Ag, Cd and Zn in chalcopyrite and cubanite also supports the mss fractionation model these minerals are derived from the fractionated liquid and these elements are incompatible with mss and thus should be enriched in the fractionated liquid. Gold and Pt do not partition into either iss or mss and become sufficiently enriched in the final fractionated liquid to crystallize among the iss and mss grains as tellurides, bismithides and alloys. During pentlandite exsolution Pd appears to have diffused from the Cu-rich portion of the droplet into pentlandite. ?? Springer-Verlag 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00410-006-0100-9","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Barnes, S., Cox, R., and Zientek, M.L., 2006, Platinum-group element, Gold, Silver and Base Metal distribution in compositionally zoned sulfide droplets from the Medvezky Creek Mine, Noril'sk, Russia: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 152, no. 2, p. 187-200, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-006-0100-9.","startPage":"187","endPage":"200","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210210,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00410-006-0100-9"},{"id":237063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"152","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7c2fe4b0c8380cd79852","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, S.-J.","contributorId":95631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"S.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, R.A.","contributorId":17818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zientek, M. L.","contributorId":6118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zientek","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028292,"text":"70028292 - 2006 - Perspectives on basaltic magma crystallization and differentiation: Lava-lake blocks erupted at Mauna Loa volcano summit, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-08T11:27:19","indexId":"70028292","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2588,"text":"LITHOS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Perspectives on basaltic magma crystallization and differentiation: Lava-lake blocks erupted at Mauna Loa volcano summit, Hawaii","docAbstract":"

Explosive eruptions at Mauna Loa summit ejected coarse-grained blocks (free of lava coatings) from Moku'aweoweo caldera. Most are gabbronorites and gabbros that have 0–26 vol.% olivine and 1–29 vol.% oikocrystic orthopyroxene. Some blocks are ferrogabbros and diorites with micrographic matrices, and diorite veins (≤2 cm) cross-cut some gabbronorites and gabbros. One block is an open-textured dunite.

The MgO of the gabbronorites and gabbros ranges ∼ 7–21 wt.%. Those with MgO >10 wt.% have some incompatible-element abundances (Zr, Y, REE; positive Eu anomalies) lower than those in Mauna Loa lavas of comparable MgO; gabbros (MgO <10 wt.%) generally overlap lava compositions. Olivines range Fo83–58, clinopyroxenes have Mg#s ∼83–62, and orthopyroxene Mg#s are 84–63 — all evolved beyond the mineral-Mg#s of Mauna Loa lavas. Plagioclase is An75–50. Ferrogabbro and diorite blocks have ∼ 3–5 wt.% MgO (TiO2 3.2–5.4%; K2O 0.8–1.3%; La 16–27 ppm), and a diorite vein is the most evolved (SiO2 59%, K2O 1.5%, La 38 ppm). They have clinopyroxene Mg#s 67–46, and plagioclase An57–40. The open-textured dunite has olivine ∼ Fo83.5. Seven isotope ratios are 87Sr/86Sr 0.70394–0.70374 and 143Nd/144Nd 0.51293–0.51286, and identify the suite as belonging to the Mauna Loa system.

Gabbronorites and gabbros originated in solidification zones of Moku'aweoweo lava lakes where they acquired orthocumulate textures and incompatible-element depletions. These features suggest deeper and slower cooling lakes than the lava lake paradigm, Kilauea Iki, which is basalt and picrite. Clinopyroxene geobarometry suggests crystallization at <1 kbar P. Highly evolved mineral Mg#s, <75, are largely explained by cumulus phases exposed to evolving intercumulus liquids causing compositional ‘shifts.’ Ferrogabbro and diorite represent segregation veins from differentiated intercumulus liquids filter pressed into rigid zones of cooling lakes. Clinopyroxene geobarometry suggests <300 bar P. Open-textured dunite represents olivine-melt mush, precursor to vertical olivine-rich bodies (as in Kilauea Iki). Its Fo83.5 identifies the most primitive lake magma as ∼8.3 wt.% MgO. Mass balancing and MELTS show that such a magma could have yielded both ferrogabbro and diorite by ≥50% fractional crystallization, but under different fO2: < FMQ (250 bar) led to diorite, and FMQ (250 bar) yielded ferrogabbro. These segregation veins, documented as similar to those of Kilauea, testify to appreciable volumes of ‘rhyolitic’ liquid forming in oceanic environments. Namely, SiO2-rich veins are intrinsic to all shields that reached caldera stage to accommodate various-sized cooling, differentiating lava lakes.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.lithos.2006.03.005","issn":"00244937","usgsCitation":"McCarter, R.L., Fodor, R., and Trusdell, F., 2006, Perspectives on basaltic magma crystallization and differentiation: Lava-lake blocks erupted at Mauna Loa volcano summit, Hawaii: LITHOS, v. 90, no. 3-4, p. 187-213, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2006.03.005.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"213","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Mauna Loa volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.55679321289062, 20.128155311797183 ], [ 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R.V.","contributorId":106638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fodor","given":"R.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trusdell, Frank A. 0000-0002-0681-0528 trusdell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0681-0528","contributorId":754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"Frank A.","email":"trusdell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028288,"text":"70028288 - 2006 - Petrology and chemistry of Permian coals from the Paraná Basin: 1. Santa Terezinha, Leão-Butiá and Candiota Coalfields, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-20T09:36:44","indexId":"70028288","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrology and chemistry of Permian coals from the Paraná Basin: 1. Santa Terezinha, Leão-Butiá and Candiota Coalfields, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil","docAbstract":"

The current paper presents results on petrological and geochemical coal seam characterization in Permian coal-bearing strata from the Paraná Basin, southern Brazil. Sequence stratigraphic analysis shows that peat accumulation in Permian time was closely linked to transgressive/regressive cycles, with peat accumulation occurring in a predominantly back barrier/lagoonal setting.

\n

Coal petrographic analysis indicates subbituminous coals at Candiota and Leão-Butiá and high volatile bituminous coals at Santa Terezinha, where locally the coal seams are thermally altered by volcanic intrusions. Petrographic composition is highly variable, with seams at Candiota and Santa Terezinha frequently enriched in inertinite.

\n

Chemical analyses indicate that all coals are mineral matter-rich (mean 49.09 wt.%), with SiO2 and Al2O3 dominating as determined by ICP-AES. Quartz is also the predominant mineral detected by X-ray diffraction, where it is associated with feldspar, kaolinite and hematite and iron-rich carbonates. The results from Scanning Electron Microscopy are broadly consistent with the bulk chemical and mineralogical analysis. Quartz and clays are common in all samples analyzed. Other minerals observed were, amongst others, carbonates (calcite, siderite, ankerite), pyrite, monazite, kaolinite, barite, sphalerite, rutile and quartz of volcanic origin.

\n

The distribution of trace elements is well within the range typical for coal basins of other areas despite the fact that the Paraná Basin coals are very high in ash yields. The average concentrations for elements of environmental concern (As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, U, V, Zn) are similar to or less than the mean values for U.S. coal. However, considered on an equal energy basis, Paraná Basin coals will produce in combustion 5 to 10 times the amount of most elements compared to an equal weight US coal.

\n

Concentrations of major and trace elements, such as Fe, B and S, appear to be controlled by depositional setting, with increasing values in coal seams overlain by brackish/marine strata.

\n

Hierarchical cluster analysis identified three groups of major minerals and seven groups of trace elements based on similarity levels. On a regional scale, the coalfields can be separated by the differences in rank (Candiota and Leão-Butiá versus Santa Terezinha) and by applying discriminant analysis based on 4 trace elements (Li, As, Sr, Sb). Highest Rb and Sr values occur at Candiota and are linked to syngenetic volcanism of the area, whereas high Y and Sr values at Santa Terezinha can be related to the frequent diabase intrusions in that area.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2005.10.006","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Kalkreuth, W., Holz, M., Kern, M., Machado, G., Mexias, A., Silva, M., Willett, J., Finkelman, R., and Burger, H., 2006, Petrology and chemistry of Permian coals from the Paraná Basin: 1. Santa Terezinha, Leão-Butiá and Candiota Coalfields, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 68, no. 1-2 SPEC. ISS., p. 79-116, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.10.006.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"116","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236957,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210129,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.10.006"}],"volume":"68","issue":"1-2 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7819e4b0c8380cd7862d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkreuth, W.","contributorId":12255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkreuth","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holz, M.","contributorId":71376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holz","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kern, M.","contributorId":64438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kern","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Machado, G.","contributorId":76121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Machado","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mexias, A.","contributorId":78530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mexias","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Silva, M.B.","contributorId":31189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Willett, J.","contributorId":54010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willett","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Finkelman, R.","contributorId":56812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Burger, H.","contributorId":86558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burger","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70028236,"text":"70028236 - 2006 - Strontium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028236","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strontium","docAbstract":"China, Mexico, Spain and Turkey are the world's leading producers of celestite (strontium sulphate). These countries accounted for 98% of the total world production in 2005. For the same period, US apparent consumption of strontium decreased to 12.3 kt. Imports were 21.2 kt, of which 84% came from Mexico. Imports of celestite and strontium carbonate decreased 71% and 24% respectively.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00265187","usgsCitation":"Ober, J., 2006, Strontium: Mining Engineering, v. 58, no. 6.","startPage":"57","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9ba2e4b08c986b31cfe0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ober, J.A.","contributorId":76351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ober","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028287,"text":"70028287 - 2006 - Seismic properties of Leg 195 serpentinites and their geophysical implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-02T15:24:27","indexId":"70028287","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5640,"text":"Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results","onlineIssn":"1096-7451","printIssn":"0884-5891","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"195","chapter":"11","title":"Seismic properties of Leg 195 serpentinites and their geophysical implications","docAbstract":"

Knowledge of seismic velocities is necessary to constrain the lithologies encountered in seismic studies. We measured the seismic velocities, both compressional and shear wave, of clasts recovered during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 195 from a serpentine mud volcano, the South Chamorro Seamount. The compressional wave velocities of these clasts vary from a lower value of 5.5 km/s to an upper value of 6.1 km/s at a confining stress of 200 MPa. The shear wave velocities vary from a lower value of 2.8 km/s to an upper value of 3.3 km/s at a confining stress of 200 MPa. The densities of the samples vary from 2548 to 2701 kg/m3. These velocities and densities are representative of the highly serpentinized harzburgite and dunite mineralogy of the clasts. Velocities from a seismic study of the Izu-Bonin forearc wedge were used to calculate the degree of serpentinization in the forearc wedge. The seismic velocities of the forearc wedge are higher than the velocities of the clasts recovered from the South Chamorro Seamount, suggesting that the clasts are more serpentinized than the forearc wedge.

","language":"English","publisher":"Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University","publisherLocation":"College Station, TX","doi":"10.2973/odp.proc.sr.195.104.2004","usgsCitation":"Courtier, A.M., Hart, D.J., and Christensen, N.I., 2006, Seismic properties of Leg 195 serpentinites and their geophysical implications: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results 195, v. 195, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.195.104.2004.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"195","publicComments":"Volume topic: Seafloor Observatories and the Kuroshio Current: covering Leg 195 of the cruises of the Drilling Vessel JOIDES Resolution, Apra Harbor, Guam, to Keelung, Taiwan, Sites 1200-1202, 2 March-2 May 2001","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b3be4b08c986b3176b4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shinohara, Masanao","contributorId":81468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shinohara","given":"Masanao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730064,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Salisbury, Matthew H.","contributorId":31463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salisbury","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730065,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richter, Carl","contributorId":27861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richter","given":"Carl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730066,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Courtier, Anna M.","contributorId":75393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Courtier","given":"Anna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, David J.","contributorId":67580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christensen, Nikolas I.","contributorId":95927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Nikolas","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":7001,"text":"Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":417401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028279,"text":"70028279 - 2006 - CO2 jets formed by sublimation beneath translucent slab ice in Mars' seasonal south polar ice cap","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-19T09:54:04","indexId":"70028279","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"CO2 jets formed by sublimation beneath translucent slab ice in Mars' seasonal south polar ice cap","docAbstract":"

The martian polar caps are among the most dynamic regions on Mars, growing substantially in winter as a significant fraction of the atmosphere freezes out in the form of CO2 ice. Unusual dark spots, fans and blotches form as the south-polar seasonal CO2 ice cap retreats during spring and summer. Small radial channel networks are often associated with the location of spots once the ice disappears. The spots have been proposed to be simply bare, defrosted ground; the formation of the channels has remained uncertain. Here we report infrared and visible observations that show that the spots and fans remain at CO2 ice temperatures well into summer, and must be granular materials that have been brought up to the surface of the ice, requiring a complex suite of processes to get them there. We propose that the seasonal ice cap forms an impermeable, translucent slab of CO2 ice that sublimates from the base, building up high-pressure gas beneath the slab. This gas levitates the ice, which eventually ruptures, producing high-velocity CO 2 vents that erupt sand-sized grains in jets to form the spots and erode the channels. These processes are unlike any observed on Earth.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/nature04945","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Kieffer, H.H., Christensen, P.R., and Titus, T.N., 2006, CO2 jets formed by sublimation beneath translucent slab ice in Mars' seasonal south polar ice cap: Nature, v. 442, no. 7104, p. 793-796, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04945.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"793","endPage":"796","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"442","issue":"7104","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2d3e4b0c8380cd4b3e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kieffer, Hugh H.","contributorId":41137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christensen, Phillip R.","contributorId":18098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028225,"text":"70028225 - 2006 - Potential use of offshore marine structures in rebuilding an overfished rockfish species, bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T15:13:56","indexId":"70028225","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1663,"text":"Fishery Bulletin","printIssn":"0090-0656","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential use of offshore marine structures in rebuilding an overfished rockfish species, bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis)","docAbstract":"

Although bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis) was an economically important rockfish species along the west coast of North America, overfishing has reduced the stock to about 7.4% of its former unfished population. In 2003, using a manned research submersible, we conducted fish surveys around eight oil and gas platforms off southern California as part of an assessment of the potential value of these structures as fish habitat. From these surveys, we estimated that there was a minimum of 430,000 juvenile bocaccio at these eight structures. We determined this number to be about 20% of the average number of juvenile bocaccio that survive annually for the geographic range of the species. When these juveniles become adults, they will contribute about one percent (0.8%) of the additional amount of fish needed to rebuild the Pacific Coast population. By comparison, juvenile bocaccio recruitment to nearshore natural nursery grounds, as determined through regional scuba surveys, was low in the same year. This research demonstrates that a relatively small amount of artificial nursery habitat may be quite valuable in rebuilding an overfished species.

","language":"English","publisher":"NOAA","issn":"00900656","usgsCitation":"Love, M., Schroeder, D., Lenarz, W., MacCall, A., Bull, A., and Thorsteinson, L., 2006, Potential use of offshore marine structures in rebuilding an overfished rockfish species, bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis): Fishery Bulletin, v. 104, no. 3, p. 383-390.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"383","endPage":"390","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":321517,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fishbull.noaa.gov/1043/1043toc.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.673828125,\n 34.621907605630376\n ],\n [\n -120.87158203125,\n 34.490711650881\n ],\n [\n -120.41839599609375,\n 34.18226973974575\n ],\n [\n -119.27581787109374,\n 34.04014265821752\n ],\n [\n -119.26620483398438,\n 34.18567785430489\n ],\n [\n -119.60678100585938,\n 34.39897808891371\n ],\n [\n -120.267333984375,\n 34.440893571391165\n ],\n [\n -120.46783447265625,\n 34.43862840686652\n ],\n [\n -120.63262939453124,\n 34.50429323877128\n ],\n [\n -120.673828125,\n 34.58912801692681\n ],\n [\n -120.66696166992188,\n 34.61399647590717\n ],\n [\n -120.673828125,\n 34.621907605630376\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7f67e4b0c8380cd7aaf1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, M.S.","contributorId":75319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schroeder, D.M.","contributorId":68947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lenarz, W.","contributorId":79692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenarz","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"MacCall, A.","contributorId":54012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCall","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bull, A.S.","contributorId":50714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bull","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thorsteinson, L.","contributorId":86128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorsteinson","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028226,"text":"70028226 - 2006 - Nitrogen dynamics in sediment during water level manipulation on the Upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-29T01:01:57","indexId":"70028226","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrogen dynamics in sediment during water level manipulation on the Upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"Nitrogen (N) has been linked to increasing eutrophication in the Gulf of Mexico and as a result there is increased interest in managing and improving water quality in the Mississippi River system. Water level reductions, or 'drawdowns', are being used more frequently in large river impoundments to improve vegetation growth and sediment compaction. We selected two areas of the Upper Mississippi River system (Navigation Pool 8 and Swan Lake) to examine the effects of water level drawdown on N dynamics. Navigation Pool 8 experienced summer drawdowns in 2001 and 2002. Certain areas of Swan Lake have been drawn down annually since the early 1970s where as other areas have remained inundated. In the 2002 Pool 8 study we determined the effects of sediment drying and rewetting resulting from water level drawdown on (1) patterns of sediment nitrification and denitrification and (2) concentrations of sediment and surface water total N (TN), nitrate, and ammonium (NH4+). In 2001, we only examined sediment NH4+ and TN. In the Swan Lake study, we determined the long-term effects of water level drawdowns on concentrations of sediment NH4+ and TN in sediments that dried annually and those that remained inundated. Sediment NH4+ decreased significantly in the Pool 8 studies during periods of desiccation, although there were no consistent trends in nitrification and denitrification or a reduction in total sediment N. Ammonium in sediments that have dried annually in Swan Lake appeared lower but was not significantly different from sediments that remain wet. The reduction in sediment NH4+ in parts of Pool 8 was likely a result of increased plant growth and N assimilation, which is then redeposited back to the sediment surface upon plant senescence. Similarly, the Swan Lake study suggested that drawdowns do not result in long term reduction in sediment N. Water level drawdowns may actually reduce water retention time and river-floodplain connectivity, while promoting significant accumulation of organic N. These results indicate that water level drawdowns are probably not an effective means of removing N from the Upper Mississippi River system.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Research and Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1002/rra.926","issn":"15351459","usgsCitation":"Cavanaugh, J.C., Richardson, W.B., Strauss, E.A., and Bartsch, L., 2006, Nitrogen dynamics in sediment during water level manipulation on the Upper Mississippi River: River Research and Applications, v. 22, no. 6, p. 651-666, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.926.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"651","endPage":"666","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210235,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.926"},{"id":237095,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River","volume":"22","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66d1e4b0c8380cd72feb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cavanaugh, Jennifer C.","contributorId":40560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cavanaugh","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richardson, William B. 0000-0002-7471-4394 wrichardson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7471-4394","contributorId":3277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"William","email":"wrichardson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strauss, Eric A.","contributorId":54395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strauss","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartsch, Lynn 0000-0002-1483-4845 lbartsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1483-4845","contributorId":3342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"Lynn","email":"lbartsch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028286,"text":"70028286 - 2006 - Mussel dynamics model: A hydroinformatics tool for analyzing the effects of different stressors on the dynamics of freshwater mussel communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028286","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mussel dynamics model: A hydroinformatics tool for analyzing the effects of different stressors on the dynamics of freshwater mussel communities","docAbstract":"A model for simulating freshwater mussel population dynamics is presented. The model is a hydroinformatics tool that integrates principles from ecology, river hydraulics, fluid mechanics and sediment transport, and applies the individual-based modelling approach for simulating population dynamics. The general model layout, data requirements, and steps of the simulation process are discussed. As an illustration, simulation results from an application in a 10 km reach of the Upper Mississippi River are presented. The model was used to investigate the spatial distribution of mussels and the effects of food competition in native unionid mussel communities, and communities infested by Dreissena polymorpha, the zebra mussel. Simulation results were found to be realistic and coincided with data obtained from the literature. These results indicate that the model can be a useful tool for assessing the potential effects of different stressors on long-term population dynamics, and consequently, may improve the current understanding of cause and effect relationships in freshwater mussel communities. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.03.018","issn":"03043800","usgsCitation":"Morales, Y., Weber, L., Mynett, A., and Newton, T., 2006, Mussel dynamics model: A hydroinformatics tool for analyzing the effects of different stressors on the dynamics of freshwater mussel communities: Ecological Modelling, v. 197, no. 3-4, p. 448-460, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.03.018.","startPage":"448","endPage":"460","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210102,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.03.018"},{"id":236921,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"197","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60dfe4b0c8380cd71713","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morales, Y.","contributorId":47961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morales","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weber, L.J.","contributorId":79988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mynett, A.E.","contributorId":31188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mynett","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newton, T.J.","contributorId":104428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030713,"text":"70030713 - 2006 - Bromus tectorum invasion alters nitrogen dynamics in an undisturbed arid grassland ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-08T19:45:21.629649","indexId":"70030713","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bromus tectorum invasion alters nitrogen dynamics in an undisturbed arid grassland ecosystem","docAbstract":"

The nonnative annual grass Bromus tectorum has successfully replaced native vegetation in many arid and semiarid ecosystems. Initial introductions accompanied grazing and agriculture, making it difficult to separate the effects of invasion from physical disturbance. This study examined N dynamics in two recently invaded, undisturbed vegetation associations (C3 and C4). The response of these communities was compared to an invaded/ disturbed grassland. The invaded/disturbed communities had higher surface NH4+ input in spring, whereas there were no differences for surface input of NO3−. Soil inorganic N was dominated by NH4+, but invaded sites had greater subsurface soil NO3−. Invaded sites had greater total soil N at the surface four years post‐invasion in undisturbed communities, but total N was lower in the invaded/disturbed communities. Soil δ15N increased with depth in the noninvaded and recently invaded communities, whereas the invaded/disturbed communities exhibited the opposite pattern. Enriched foliar δ15N values suggest that Bromus assimilated subsurface NO3−, whereas the native grasses were restricted to surface N. A Rayleigh distillation model accurately described decomposition patterns in the noninvaded communities where soil N loss is accompanied by increasing soil δ15N; however, the invaded/ disturbed communities exhibited the opposite pattern, suggesting redistribution of N within the soil profile. This study suggests that invasion has altered the mechanisms driving nitrogen dynamics. Bromus litter decomposition and soil NO3− concentrations were greater in the invaded communities during periods of ample precipitation, and NO3− leached from the surface litter, where it was assimilated by Bromus. The primary source of N input in these communities is a biological soil crust that is removed with disturbance, and the lack of N input by the biological soil crust did not balance N loss, resulting in reduced total N in the invaded/disturbed communities. Bromus produced a positive feedback loop by leaching NO3− from decomposing Bromus litter to subsurface soil layers, accessing that deep‐soil N pool with deep roots and returning that N to the surface as biomass and subsequent litter. Lack of new inputs combined with continued loss will result in lower total soil N, evidenced by the lower total soil N in the invaded/disturbed communities.

","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/05-0836","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Sperry, L., Belnap, J., and Evans, R., 2006, Bromus tectorum invasion alters nitrogen dynamics in an undisturbed arid grassland ecosystem: Ecology, v. 87, no. 3, p. 603-615, https://doi.org/10.1890/05-0836.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"603","endPage":"615","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":409237,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f28ae4b0c8380cd4b230","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sperry, L.J.","contributorId":94500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sperry","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, R.D.","contributorId":48735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028963,"text":"70028963 - 2006 - Surface slip associated with the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake measured on alinement arrays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028963","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface slip associated with the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake measured on alinement arrays","docAbstract":"Although still continuing, surface slip from the 2004 Parkfield earth-quake as measured on alinement arrays appears to be approaching about 30-35 cm between Parkfield and Gold Hill. This includes slip along the main trace and the Southwest Fracture Zone (SWFZ). Slip here was higher in 1966 at about 40 cm. The distribution of 2004 slip appears to have a shape similar to that of the 1966 event, but final slip is expected to be lower in 2004 by about 3-15 cm, even when continuing slip is accounted for. Proportionately, this difference is most notable at the south end at Highway 46, where the 1966 event slip was 13 cm compared to the 2004 slip of 4 cm. Continuous Global Positioning System and creepmeters suggest that significant surface coseismic slip apparently occurred mainly on the SWFZ and perhaps on Middle Mountain (the latter possibly caused by shaking) (Langbein et al., 2005). Creepmeters indicate only minor (<0.2 cm) surface coseismic slip occurred on the main trace between Parkfield and Gold Hill. We infer that 3-6 cm slip accumulated across our arrays in the first 24 hr. At Highway 46, slip appears complete, whereas the remaining sites are expected to take 2-6 years to reach their background creep rates. Following the 1966 event, afterslip at one site persisted as much as 5-10 years. The much longer recurrence intervals between the past two Parkfield earthquakes and the decreasing slip per event may suggest that larger slip deficits are now growing along the Parkfield segment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050806","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Lienkaemper, J.J., Baker, B., and McFarland, F., 2006, Surface slip associated with the 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake measured on alinement arrays: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 4 B, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050806.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209805,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050806"},{"id":236524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"4 B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9fc0e4b08c986b31e7eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lienkaemper, J. J.","contributorId":71947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, B.","contributorId":63595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McFarland, F.S.","contributorId":25741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFarland","given":"F.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028961,"text":"70028961 - 2006 - Eco-informatics and natural resource management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-13T10:11:44","indexId":"70028961","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Eco-informatics and natural resource management","docAbstract":"This project highlight reports on the 2004 workshop [1], as well as follow-up activities in 2005 and 2006, regarding how informatics tools can help manage natural resources and decide policy. The workshop was sponsored jointly by sponsored by the NSF, NBII, NASA, and EPA, and attended by practitioners from government and non-government agencies, and university researchers from the computer, social, and ecological sciences. The workshop presented the significant information technology (IT) problems that resource managers face when integrating ecological or environmental information to make decisions. These IT problems fall into five categories: data presentation, data gaps, tools, indicators, and policy making and implementation. To alleviate such problems, we recommend informatics research in four IT areas, as defined in this abstract and our final report: modeling and simulation, data quality, information integration and ontologies, and social and human aspects. Additionally, we recommend that funding agencies provide infrastructure and some changes in funding habits to assure cycles of innovation in the domain were addressed. Follow-on activities to the workshop subsequent to dg.o 2005 included: an invited talk presenting workshop results at DILS 2005, publication of the workshop final report by the NBII [1], and a poster at the NBII All Hands Meeting (Oct. 2005). We also expect a special issue of the JIIS to appear in 2006 that addresses some of these questions. As we go to press, no solicitation by funding agencies has as yet been published, but various NASA and NBII, and NSF cyber-infrastructure and DG research efforts now underway address the above issues.","largerWorkTitle":"ACM International Conference Proceeding Series","conferenceTitle":"7th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research, Dg.o 2006","conferenceDate":"21 May 2006 through 24 May 2006","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","doi":"10.1145/1146598.1146712","usgsCitation":"Cushing, J., Wilson, T., Borning, A., Delcambre, L., Bowker, G., Frame, M., Schnase, J., Sonntag, W., Fulop, J., Hert, C., Hovy, E., Jones, J., Landis, E., Schweik, C., Brandt, L., Gregg, V., and Spengler, S., 2006, Eco-informatics and natural resource management, in ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, v. 151, San Diego, CA, 21 May 2006 through 24 May 2006, p. 381-382, https://doi.org/10.1145/1146598.1146712.","productDescription":"2 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The oscillations are believed to be caused by an interference effect due to a contaminant film buildup on the window of the cryogenically cooled dewar that houses these detectors. This process of contamination, referred to as outgassing effects, has been well characterized using an optical thin-film model that relates detector responses to the accumulated film thickness and its growth rate. The current models for L4 TM are based on average detector responses to the second brightest IC lamp and have been derived from three data sets acquired during different times throughout the instrument's lifetime. Unlike in L5 TM outgassing characterization, it was found that the L4 TM responses to all three IC lamps can be used to provide accurate characterization and correction for outgassing effects. The analysis of single detector responses revealed an up to five percent difference in the estimated oscillating periods and also indicated a gradual variation of contaminant growth rate over the focal plane.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems XI","conferenceDate":"14 August 2006 through 16 August 2006","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.683264","issn":"0277786X","isbn":"0819463752; 9780819463753","usgsCitation":"Micijevic, E., and Chander, G., 2006, Stability of landsat-4 thematic mapper outgassing models, in Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 6296, San Diego, CA, 14 August 2006 through 16 August 2006, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.683264.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209833,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.683264"},{"id":236562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6296","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9655e4b08c986b31b445","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Micijevic, E. 0000-0002-3828-9239","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-9239","contributorId":59939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Micijevic","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chander, G.","contributorId":51449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028956,"text":"70028956 - 2006 - Seismic evidence for rock damage and healing on the San Andreas fault associated with the 2004 M 6.0 Parkfield earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70028956","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic evidence for rock damage and healing on the San Andreas fault associated with the 2004 M 6.0 Parkfield earthquake","docAbstract":"We deployed a dense linear array of 45 seismometers across and along the San Andreas fault near Parkfield a week after the M 6.0 Parkfield earthquake on 28 September 2004 to record fault-zone seismic waves generated by aftershocks and explosions. Seismic stations and explosions were co-sited with our previous experiment conducted in 2002. The data from repeated shots detonated in the fall of 2002 and 3 months after the 2004 M 6.0 mainshock show ???1.0%-1.5% decreases in seismic-wave velocity within an ???200-m-wide zone along the fault strike and smaller changes (0.2%-0.5%) beyond this zone, most likely due to the coseismic damage of rocks during dynamic rupture in the 2004 M 6.0 earthquake. The width of the damage zone characterized by larger velocity changes is consistent with the low-velocity waveguide model on the San Andreas fault, near Parkfield, that we derived from fault-zone trapped waves (Li et al., 2004). The damage zone is not symmetric but extends farther on the southwest side of the main fault trace. Waveform cross-correlations for repeated aftershocks in 21 clusters, with a total of ???130 events, located at different depths and distances from the array site show ???0.7%-1.1% increases in S-wave velocity within the fault zone in 3 months starting a week after the earthquake. The velocity recovery indicates that the damaged rock has been healing and regaining the strength through rigidity recovery with time, most likely . due to the closure of cracks opened during the mainshock. We estimate that the net decrease in seismic velocities within the fault zone was at least ???2.5%, caused by the 2004 M 6.0 Parkfield earthquake. The healing rate was largest in the earlier stage of the postmainshock healing process. The magnitude of fault healing varies along the rupture zone, being slightly larger for the healing beneath Middle Mountain, correlating well with an area of large mapped slip. The fault healing is most prominent at depths above ???7 km.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050803","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Li, Y., Chen, P., Cochran, E., Vidale, J., and Burdette, T., 2006, Seismic evidence for rock damage and healing on the San Andreas fault associated with the 2004 M 6.0 Parkfield earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 4 B, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050803.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209780,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050803"},{"id":236490,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"4 B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b0fe4b08c986b317564","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, Y.-G.","contributorId":39141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Y.-G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, P.","contributorId":12672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cochran, E.S.","contributorId":74561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vidale, J.E.","contributorId":55849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidale","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burdette, T.","contributorId":62788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdette","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028973,"text":"70028973 - 2006 - Evolution of a Holocene delta driven by episodic sediment delivery and coseismic deformation, Puget Sound, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-09T13:09:06","indexId":"70028973","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3369,"text":"Sedimentology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolution of a Holocene delta driven by episodic sediment delivery and coseismic deformation, Puget Sound, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"Episodic, large-volume pulses of volcaniclastic sediment and coseismic subsidence of the coast have influenced the development of a late Holocene delta at southern Puget Sound. Multibeam bathymetry, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and vibracores were used to investigate the morphologic and stratigraphic evolution of the Nisqually River delta. Two fluvial–deltaic facies are recognized on the basis of GPR data and sedimentary characteristics in cores, which suggest partial emplacement from sediment-rich floods that originated on Mount Rainier. Facies S consists of stacked, sheet-like deposits of andesitic sand up to 4 m thick that are continuous across the entire width of the delta. Flat-lying, highly reflective surfaces separate the sand sheets and comprise important facies boundaries. Beds of massive, pumice- and charcoal-rich sand overlie one of the buried surfaces. Organic-rich material from that surface, beneath the massive sand, yielded a radiocarbon age that is time-correlative with a series of known eruptive events that generated lahars in the upper Nisqually River valley. Facies CF consists of linear sandbodies or palaeochannels incised into facies S on the lower delta plain. Radiocarbon ages of wood fragments in the sandy channel-fill deposits also correlate in time to lahar deposits in upstream areas. Intrusive, sand-filled dikes and sills indicate liquefaction caused by post-depositional ground shaking related to earthquakes. Continued progradation of the delta into Puget Sound is currently balanced by tidal-current reworking, which redistributes sediment into large fields of ebb- and flood-oriented bedforms.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00809.x","issn":"00370746","usgsCitation":"Barnhardt, W., and Sherrod, B., 2006, Evolution of a Holocene delta driven by episodic sediment delivery and coseismic deformation, Puget Sound, Washington, USA: Sedimentology, v. 53, no. 6, p. 1211-1228, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00809.x.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1211","endPage":"1228","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477408,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/1596","text":"External Repository"},{"id":236593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209857,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00809.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","volume":"53","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d7ae4b0c8380cd53041","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnhardt, W. 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