Hydraulic tests and geophysical logging performed in the Palisades sill and the underlying sedimentary rocks in the NE part of the Newark Rift Basin, New York, USA, confirm that the particular transmissive zones are localized within the dolerite-sedimentary rock contact zone and within a narrow interval below this contact zone that is characterized by the occurrence of small layers of chilled dolerite. Transmissivity values determined from fluid injection, aquifer testing, and flowmeter measurements generally fall in the range of 8.1E-08 to 9.95E-06 m2/s and correspond to various scales of investigation. The analysis of acoustic and optical BHTV images reveals two primary fracture sets within the dolerite and the sedimentary rocks—subhorizontal fractures, intersected by subvertical ones. Despite being highly fractured either with subhorizontal, subvertical or both fracture populations, the dolerite above and the sedimentary rocks below the contact zone and the zone with the layers of chilled dolerite are significantly less conductive. The distribution of the particular conductive intervals is not a function of the two dominant fracture populations or their density but rather of the intrusion path of the sill. The intrusion caused thermal fracturing and cracking of both formations, resulting in higher permeability along the contact zone.
Three short fragments of recombinant subunit Pasteurella multocida toxin (rsPMT) were constructed for evaluation as candidate vaccines against progressive atrophic rhinitis (PAR) of swine. PMT-specific antibody secreting cells and evidence of cellular immunity were detected in rsPMT-immunized pigs following authentic PMT challenge or homologous antigen booster. Piglets immunized with rsPMT fragments containing either the N-terminal or the C-terminal portions of PMT developed high titers of neutralizing antibodies. Pregnant sows immunized with rsPMT had higher levels of maternal antibodies in their colostrum than did those immunized with a conventional PAR-toxoid vaccine. Offspring from rsPMT vaccinated sows had better survival after challenge with a five-fold lethal dose of authentic PMT and had better growth performance after challenge with a sublethal dose of toxin. Our findings indicate these non-toxic rsPMT proteins are attractive candidates for development of a subunit vaccine against PAR in pigs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.07.079","usgsCitation":"Liao, C., Huang, C., Hsuan, S., Chen, Z., Lee, W., Liu, C., Winton, J.R., and Chien, M., 2006, Immunogenicity and efficacy of three recombinant subunit Pasteurella multocida toxin vaccines against progressive atrophic rhinitis in pigs: Vaccine, v. 24, no. 1, p. 27-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.07.079.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"35","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321516,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d659de4b07e28b6684572","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liao, Chih-Ming","contributorId":169566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liao","given":"Chih-Ming","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huang, Chienjin","contributorId":169567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huang","given":"Chienjin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hsuan, Shih-Ling","contributorId":169568,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hsuan","given":"Shih-Ling","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chen, Zeng-Weng","contributorId":169569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Zeng-Weng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lee, Wei-Cheng","contributorId":169570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Wei-Cheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liu, Cheng-I","contributorId":169571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Cheng-I","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Winton, James R. 0000-0002-3505-5509 jwinton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":1944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"James","email":"jwinton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":630058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chien, Maw-Sheng","contributorId":169572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chien","given":"Maw-Sheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70028335,"text":"70028335 - 2006 - Proximate and landscape factors influence grassland bird distributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-15T09:50:04","indexId":"70028335","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Proximate and landscape factors influence grassland bird distributions","docAbstract":"Ecologists increasingly recognize that birds can respond to features well beyond their normal areas of activity, but little is known about the relative importance of landscapes and proximate factors or about the scales of landscapes that influence bird distributions. We examined the influences of tree cover at both proximate and landscape scales on grassland birds, a group of birds of high conservation concern, in the Sheyenne National Grassland in North Dakota, USA. The Grassland contains a diverse array of grassland and woodland habitats. We surveyed breeding birds on 2015 100 m long transect segments during 2002 and 2003. We modeled the occurrence of 19 species in relation to habitat features (percentages of grassland, woodland, shrubland, and wetland) within each 100-m segment and to tree cover within 200-1600 m of the segment. We used information-theoretic statistical methods to compare models and variables. At the proximate scales, tree cover was the most important variable, having negative influences on 13 species and positive influences on two species. In a comparison of multiple scales, models with only proximate variables were adequate for some species, but models combining proximate with landscape information were best for 17 of 19 species. Landscape-only models were rarely competitive. Combined models at the largest scales (800-1600 m) were best for 12 of 19 species. Seven species had best models including 1600-m landscapes plus proximate factors in at least one year. These were Wilson's Phalarope (Phalaropus tricolor), Sedge Wren (Cistothorus platensis), Field Sparrow (Spizella pusilla), Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), Bobolink (Dolychonix oryzivorus), Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), and Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater). These seven are small-bodied species; thus larger-bodied species do not necessarily respond most to the largest landscapes. Our findings suggest that birds respond to habitat features at a variety of scales. Models with only landscape-scale tree cover were rarely competitive, indicating that broad-scale modeling alone, such as that based solely on remotely sensed data, is likely to be inadequate in explaining species distributions. ?? 2006 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, M., and Johnson, D.H., 2006, Proximate and landscape factors influence grassland bird distributions: Ecological Applications, v. 16, no. 3, p. 1062-1075.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1062","endPage":"1075","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.8057861328125,\n 46.29761098988109\n ],\n [\n -97.0697021484375,\n 46.29761098988109\n ],\n [\n -97.0697021484375,\n 46.581518465658014\n ],\n [\n -97.8057861328125,\n 46.581518465658014\n ],\n [\n -97.8057861328125,\n 46.29761098988109\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8fb6e4b0c8380cd7f904","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, M.A.","contributorId":24552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70190528,"text":"70190528 - 2006 - Tree mortality from fire and bark beetles following early and late season prescribed fires in a Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T13:46:14","indexId":"70190528","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tree mortality from fire and bark beetles following early and late season prescribed fires in a Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest","docAbstract":"Over the last century, fire exclusion in the forests of the Sierra Nevada has allowed surface fuels to accumulate and has led to increased tree density. Stand composition has also been altered as shade tolerant tree species crowd out shade intolerant species. To restore forest structure and reduce the risk of large, intense fires, managers have increasingly used prescription burning. Most fires prior to EuroAmerican settlement occurred during the late summer and early fall and most prescribed burning has taken place during the latter part of this period. Poor air quality and lack of suitable burn windows during the fall, however, have resulted in a need to conduct more prescription burning earlier in the season. Previous reports have suggested that burning during the time when trees are actively growing may increase mortality rates due to fine root damage and/or bark beetle activity. This study examines the effects of fire on tree mortality and bark beetle attacks under prescription burning during early and late season. Replicated early season burn, late season burn and unburned control plots were established in an old-growth mixed conifer forest in the Sierra Nevada that had not experienced a fire in over 120 years. Although prescribed burns resulted in significant mortality of particularly the smallest tree size classes, no difference between early and late season burns was detected. Direct mortality due to fire was associated with fire intensity. Secondary mortality due to bark beetles was not significantly correlated with fire intensity. The probability of bark beetle attack on pines did not differ between early and late season burns, while the probability of bark beetle attack on firs was greater following early season burns. Overall tree mortality appeared to be primarily the result of fire intensity rather than tree phenology at the time of the burns. Early season burns are generally conducted under higher fuel moisture conditions, leading to less fuel consumption and potentially less injury to trees. This reduction in fire severity may compensate for relatively modest increases in bark beetle attack probabilities on some tree species, ultimately resulting in a forest structure that differs little between early and late season prescribed burning treatments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2006.05.036","usgsCitation":"Schwilk, D.W., Knapp, E.E., Ferrenberg, S., Keeley, J.E., and Caprio, A., 2006, Tree mortality from fire and bark beetles following early and late season prescribed fires in a Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 232, no. 1-3, p. 36-45, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.05.036.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"45","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345497,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","volume":"232","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b10937e4b020cdf7d8da12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwilk, Dylan W.","contributorId":103883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwilk","given":"Dylan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knapp, Eric E.","contributorId":80570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knapp","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferrenberg, Scott 0000-0002-3542-0334 sferrenberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3542-0334","contributorId":147684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrenberg","given":"Scott","email":"sferrenberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Caprio, Anthony C.","contributorId":35863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caprio","given":"Anthony C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70171132,"text":"70171132 - 2006 - An examination of environmental factors associated with Myxobolus cerebralis infection of wild trout in Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T14:33:44","indexId":"70171132","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An examination of environmental factors associated with Myxobolus cerebralis infection of wild trout in Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Salmonid whirling disease, caused by the myxosporean parasite Myxobolus cerebralis, was first observed in the United States in 1956 in central Pennsylvania. The parasite was subsequently discovered at several culture facilities throughout the state, and widespread distribution of this parasite via the stocking of subclinically infected brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, and brown trout Salmo trutta has been assumed. Although no monitoring of wild populations occurred until the late 1970s, it is a common belief that epizootics of whirling disease, now realized in the Intermountain West, are unlikely to have occurred in Pennsylvania. We conducted a review of historical information and a synoptic survey aimed at identifying factors that may prevent whirling disease outbreak in this region, reasoning that such information might be useful in identifying management strategies for populations affected by this parasite. Here we present data on parasite prevalence, fish populations, stream attributes, and the genetics of Tubifex tubifex (the obligate oligochaete host for the parasite) to evaluate various hypotheses proposed for low whirling disease impact in the region. We did not find clear associations between factors such as stream gradient, the genetics of T. tubifexpopulations, or the composition of resident trout populations and the pattern of M. cerebralis occurrence in Pennsylvania. We suggest that this pattern may be best explained by the association between T. tubifex host populations and point sources of organic enrichment. The potential restriction of T. tubifex populations to locations near sources of organic enrichment may be a factor in explaining why whirling disease has not been observed to cause population declines among wild trout in this region and should be further investigated.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/H05-017.1","usgsCitation":"Kaeser, A.J., Rasmussen, C., and Sharpe, W.E., 2006, An examination of environmental factors associated with Myxobolus cerebralis infection of wild trout in Pennsylvania: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 18, no. 2, p. 90-100, https://doi.org/10.1577/H05-017.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"100","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321511,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d643ce4b07e28b66834b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaeser, Adam J.","contributorId":169552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaeser","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rasmussen, Charlotte crasmussen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Charlotte","email":"crasmussen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":630029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sharpe, William E.","contributorId":169553,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sharpe","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70171133,"text":"70171133 - 2006 - Protective immunity and lack of histopathological damage two years after DNA vaccination against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-01T14:28:08","indexId":"70171133","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3673,"text":"Vaccine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Protective immunity and lack of histopathological damage two years after DNA vaccination against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in trout","docAbstract":"The DNA vaccine pIHNw-G encodes the glycoprotein of the fish rhabdovirus infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). Vaccine performance in rainbow trout was measured 3, 6, 13, 24, and 25 months after vaccination. At three months all fish vaccinated with 0.1 μg pIHNw-G had detectable neutralizing antibody (NAb) and they were completely protected from lethal IHNV challenge with a relative percent survival (RPS) of 100% compared to control fish. Viral challenges at 6, 13, 24, and 25 months post-vaccination showed protection with RPS values of 47–69%, while NAb seroprevalence declined to undetectable levels. Passive transfer experiments with sera from fish after two years post-vaccination were inconsistent but significant protection was observed in some cases. The long-term duration of protection observed here defined a third temporal phase in the immune response to IHNV DNA vaccination, characterized by reduced but significant levels of protection, and decline or absence of detectable NAb titers. Examination of multiple tissues showed an absence of detectable long-term histopathological damage due to DNA vaccination.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.07.068","usgsCitation":"Kurath, G., Garver, K.A., Corbeil, S., Elliott, D.G., Anderson, E., and LaPatra, S.E., 2006, Protective immunity and lack of histopathological damage two years after DNA vaccination against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in trout: Vaccine, v. 24, no. 3, p. 345-354, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.07.068.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"354","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321513,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d6628e4b07e28b6684c31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":2629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garver, Kyle A.","contributorId":77816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garver","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":630032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Corbeil, Serge","contributorId":168480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Corbeil","given":"Serge","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25304,"text":"CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong Victoria, 3220, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elliott, Diane G. 0000-0002-4809-6692 dgelliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-6692","contributorId":2947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Diane","email":"dgelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, Eric D.","contributorId":213888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Eric D.","affiliations":[{"id":38922,"text":"Maine BioTek Inc., Winterport, ME 04496, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"LaPatra, Scott E.","contributorId":67392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPatra","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70171135,"text":"70171135 - 2006 - Comprehensive gene expression profiling following DNA vaccination of rainbow trout against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T15:42:38","indexId":"70171135","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2777,"text":"Molecular Immunology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comprehensive gene expression profiling following DNA vaccination of rainbow trout against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus","docAbstract":"The DNA vaccine based on the glycoprotein gene of Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus induces a non-specific anti-viral immune response and long-term specific immunity against IHNV. This study characterized gene expression responses associated with the early anti-viral response. Homozygous rainbow trout were injected intra-muscularly (I.M.) with vector DNA or the IHNV DNA vaccine. Gene expression in muscle tissue (I.M. site) was evaluated using a 16,008 feature salmon cDNA microarray. Eighty different genes were significantly modulated in the vector DNA group while 910 genes were modulated in the IHNV DNA vaccinate group relative to control group. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR was used to examine expression of selected immune genes at the I.M. site and in other secondary tissues. In the localized response (I.M. site), the magnitudes of gene expression changes were much greater in the vaccinate group relative to the vector DNA group for the majority of genes analyzed. At secondary systemic sites (e.g. gill, kidney and spleen), type I IFN-related genes were up-regulated in only the IHNV DNA vaccinated group. The results presented here suggest that the IHNV DNA vaccine induces up-regulation of the type I IFN system across multiple tissues, which is the functional basis of early anti-viral immunity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.molimm.2005.12.005","usgsCitation":"Purcell, M., Nichols, K.M., Winton, J.R., Kurath, G., Thorgaard, G.H., Wheeler, P., Hansen, J.D., Herwig, R.P., and Park, L.K., 2006, Comprehensive gene expression profiling following DNA vaccination of rainbow trout against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus: Molecular Immunology, v. 43, no. 13, p. 2089-2106, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2005.12.005.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2089","endPage":"2106","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321523,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d6461e4b07e28b66836ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Purcell, Maureen K. mpurcell@usgs.gov","contributorId":138685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"Maureen K.","email":"mpurcell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":630060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, Krista M.","contributorId":169573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nichols","given":"Krista","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winton, James R. 0000-0002-3505-5509 jwinton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":1944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"James","email":"jwinton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":630062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":2629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thorgaard, Gary H.","contributorId":60512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorgaard","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wheeler, Paul","contributorId":169574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24743,"text":"School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":630065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hansen, John D. 0000-0002-3006-2734 jhansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3006-2734","contributorId":3440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"John","email":"jhansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Herwig, Russell P.","contributorId":169137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herwig","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Park, Linda K.","contributorId":28525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70030907,"text":"70030907 - 2006 - Accurately measuring volcanic plume velocity with multiple UV spectrometers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-05T15:03:55","indexId":"70030907","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accurately measuring volcanic plume velocity with multiple UV spectrometers","docAbstract":"A fundamental problem with all ground-based remotely sensed measurements of volcanic gas flux is the difficulty in accurately measuring the velocity of the gas plume. Since a representative wind speed and direction are used as proxies for the actual plume velocity, there can be considerable uncertainty in reported gas flux values. Here we present a method that uses at least two time-synchronized simultaneously recording UV spectrometers (FLYSPECs) placed a known distance apart. By analyzing the time varying structure of SO2 concentration signals at each instrument, the plume velocity can accurately be determined. Experiments were conducted on Kīlauea (USA) and Masaya (Nicaragua) volcanoes in March and August 2003 at plume velocities between 1 and 10 m s−1. Concurrent ground-based anemometer measurements differed from FLYSPEC-measured plume speeds by up to 320%. This multi-spectrometer method allows for the accurate remote measurement of plume velocity and can therefore greatly improve the precision of volcanic or industrial gas flux measurements.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer International","doi":"10.1007/s00445-005-0013-x","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Williams-Jones, G., Horton, K.A., Elias, T., Garbeil, H., Mouginis-Mark, P.J., Sutton, A.J., and Harris, A.J., 2006, Accurately measuring volcanic plume velocity with multiple UV spectrometers: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 68, no. 4, p. 328-332, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-005-0013-x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"328","endPage":"332","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238832,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Nicaragua, United States","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea volcano, Masaya volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.33775329589844,\n 19.35779359620928\n ],\n [\n -155.33775329589844,\n 19.458823317103146\n ],\n [\n -155.19493103027344,\n 19.458823317103146\n ],\n [\n -155.19493103027344,\n 19.35779359620928\n ],\n [\n -155.33775329589844,\n 19.35779359620928\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.20353698730469,\n 11.945959969407262\n ],\n [\n -86.20353698730469,\n 12.026896733671963\n ],\n [\n -86.11873626708984,\n 12.026896733671963\n ],\n [\n -86.11873626708984,\n 11.945959969407262\n ],\n [\n -86.20353698730469,\n 11.945959969407262\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e68de4b0c8380cd474be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams-Jones, Glyn","contributorId":147765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams-Jones","given":"Glyn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16928,"text":"Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":429165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horton, Keith A.","contributorId":174446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horton","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17202,"text":"University of Hawaii, Manoa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":429167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elias, Tamar 0000-0002-9592-4518 telias@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4518","contributorId":3916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"Tamar","email":"telias@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garbeil, Harold","contributorId":174447,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garbeil","given":"Harold","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17202,"text":"University of Hawaii, Manoa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":429170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mouginis-Mark, Peter J.","contributorId":120331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mouginis-Mark","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sutton, A. Jeff","contributorId":45605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jeff","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Harris, Andrew J. L.","contributorId":169434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harris","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70030968,"text":"70030968 - 2006 - Spectral variability among rocks in visible and near-infrared mustispectral Pancam data collected at Gusev crater: Examinations using spectral mixture analysis and related techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70030968","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectral variability among rocks in visible and near-infrared mustispectral Pancam data collected at Gusev crater: Examinations using spectral mixture analysis and related techniques","docAbstract":"Visible and near-infrared (VNIR) multispectral observations of rocks made by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit's Panoramic camera (Pancam) have been analyzed using a spectral mixture analysis (SMA) methodology. Scenes have been examined from the Gusev crater plains into the Columbia Hills. Most scenes on the plains and in the Columbia Hills could be modeled as three end-member mixtures of a bright material, rock, and shade. Scenes of rocks disturbed by the rover's Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT) required additional end-members. In the Columbia Hills, there were a number of scenes in which additional rock end-members were required. The SMA methodology identified relatively dust-free areas on undisturbed rock surfaces as well as spectrally unique areas on RAT abraded rocks. Spectral parameters from these areas were examined, and six spectral classes were identified. These classes are named after a type rock or area and are Adirondack, Lower West Spur, Clovis, Wishstone, Peace, and Watchtower. These classes are discriminable based, primarily, on near-infrared (NIR) spectral parameters. Clovis and Watchtower class rocks appear more oxidized than Wishstone class rocks and Adirondack basalts based on their having higher 535 nm band depths. Comparison of the spectral parameters of these Gusev crater rocks to parameters of glass-dominated basaltic tuffs indicates correspondence between measurements of Clovis and Watchtower classes but divergence for the Wishstone class rocks, which appear to have a higher fraction of crystalline ferrous iron-bearing phases. Despite a high sulfur content, the rock Peace has NIR properties resembling plains basalts. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005JE002495","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Farrand, W.H., Bell, J., Johnson, J.R., Squyres, S.W., Soderblom, J., and Ming, D.W., 2006, Spectral variability among rocks in visible and near-infrared mustispectral Pancam data collected at Gusev crater: Examinations using spectral mixture analysis and related techniques: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 111, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JE002495.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477503,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005je002495","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211421,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JE002495"},{"id":238706,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b954ce4b08c986b31ae67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farrand, W. H.","contributorId":64372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrand","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bell, J.F.","contributorId":36663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Soderblom, J.","contributorId":52699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soderblom","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ming, D. W.","contributorId":96811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ming","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031166,"text":"70031166 - 2006 - Iron isotope fractionation during microbially stimulated Fe(II) oxidation and Fe(III) precipitation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031166","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Iron isotope fractionation during microbially stimulated Fe(II) oxidation and Fe(III) precipitation","docAbstract":"Interpretation of the origins of iron-bearing minerals preserved in modern and ancient rocks based on measured iron isotope ratios depends on our ability to distinguish between biological and non-biological iron isotope fractionation processes. In this study, we compared 56Fe/54Fe ratios of coexisting aqueous iron (Fe(II)aq, Fe(III)aq) and iron oxyhydroxide precipitates (Fe(III)ppt) resulting from the oxidation of ferrous iron under experimental conditions at low pH (<3). Experiments were carried out using both pure cultures of Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans and sterile controls to assess possible biological overprinting of non-biological fractionation, and both SO42- and Cl- salts as Fe(II) sources to determine possible ionic/speciation effects that may be associated with oxidation/precipitation reactions. In addition, a series of ferric iron precipitation experiments were performed at pH ranging from 1.9 to 3.5 to determine if different precipitation rates cause differences in the isotopic composition of the iron oxyhydroxides. During microbially stimulated Fe(II) oxidation in both the sulfate and chloride systems, 56Fe/54Fe ratios of residual Fe(II)aq sampled in a time series evolved along an apparent Rayleigh trend characterized by a fractionation factor ??Fe(III)aq-Fe(II)aq???1.0022. This fractionation factor was significantly less than that measured in our sterile control experiments (???1.0034) and that predicted for isotopic equilibrium between Fe(II)aq and Fe(III)aq (???1.0029), and thus might be interpreted to reflect a biological isotope effect. However, in our biological experiments the measured difference in 56Fe/54Fe ratios between Fe(III)aq, isolated as a solid by the addition of NaOH to the final solution at each time point under N2-atmosphere, and Fe(II)aq was in most cases and on average close to 2.9??? (??Fe(III)aq-Fe(II)aq ???1.0029), consistent with isotopic equilibrium between Fe(II)aq and Fe(III)aq. The ferric iron precipitation experiments revealed that 56Fe/54Fe ratios of Fe(III)aq were generally equal to or greater than those of Fe(III)ppt, and isotopic fractionation between these phases decreased with increasing precipitation rate and decreasing grain size. Considered together, the data confirm that the iron isotope variations observed in our microbial experiments are primarily controlled by non-biological equilibrium and kinetic factors, a result that aids our ability to interpret present-day iron cycling processes but further complicates our ability to use iron isotopes alone to identify biological processing in the rock record. ?? 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2005.09.025","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Balci, N., Bullen, T., Witte-Lien, K., Shanks, W., Motelica, M., and Mandernack, K., 2006, Iron isotope fractionation during microbially stimulated Fe(II) oxidation and Fe(III) precipitation: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 70, no. 3, p. 622-639, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2005.09.025.","startPage":"622","endPage":"639","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211459,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2005.09.025"}],"volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3eece4b0c8380cd6414b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balci, N.","contributorId":15005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balci","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Witte-Lien, K.","contributorId":84973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witte-Lien","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C.","contributorId":39419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Motelica, M.","contributorId":92488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motelica","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mandernack, K.W.","contributorId":68913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mandernack","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030906,"text":"70030906 - 2006 - Coupled nitrogen and calcium cycles in forests of the Oregon Coast Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T15:03:34","indexId":"70030906","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coupled nitrogen and calcium cycles in forests of the Oregon Coast Range","docAbstract":"Nitrogen (N) is a critical limiting nutrient that regulates plant productivity and the cycling of other essential elements in forests. We measured foliar and soil nutrients in 22 young Douglas-fir stands in the Oregon Coast Range to examine patterns of nutrient availability across a gradient of N-poor to N-rich soils. N in surface mineral soil ranged from 0.15 to 1.05% N, and was positively related to a doubling of foliar N across sites. Foliar N in half of the sites exceeded 1.4% N, which is considered above the threshold of N-limitation in coastal Oregon Douglas-fir. Available nitrate increased five-fold across this gradient, whereas exchangeable magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) in soils declined, suggesting that nitrate leaching influences base cation availability more than soil parent material across our sites. Natural abundance strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) of a single site indicated that 97% of available base cations can originate from atmospheric inputs of marine aerosols, with negligible contributions from weathering. Low annual inputs of Ca relative to Douglas-fir growth requirements may explain why foliar Ca concentrations are highly sensitive to variations in soil Ca across our sites. Natural abundance calcium isotopes (??44Ca) in exchangeable and acid leachable pools of surface soil measured at a single site showed 1 per mil depletion relative to deep soil, suggesting strong Ca recycling to meet tree demands. Overall, the biogeochemical response of these Douglas-fir forests to gradients in soil N is similar to changes associated with chronic N deposition in more polluted temperate regions, and raises the possibility that Ca may be deficient on excessively N-rich sites. We conclude that wide gradients in soil N can drive non-linear changes in base-cation biogeochemistry, particularly as forests cross a threshold from N-limitation to N-saturation. The most acute changes may occur in forests where base cations are derived principally from atmospheric inputs. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10021-004-0039-5","issn":"14329840","usgsCitation":"Perakis, S., Maguire, D., Bullen, T., Cromack, K., Waring, R., and Boyle, J., 2006, Coupled nitrogen and calcium cycles in forests of the Oregon Coast Range: Ecosystems, v. 9, no. 1, p. 63-74, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-004-0039-5.","startPage":"63","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238802,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211504,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-004-0039-5"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc89e4b0c8380cd4e2dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perakis, S.S.","contributorId":82039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perakis","given":"S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maguire, D.A.","contributorId":20543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maguire","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cromack, K.","contributorId":85394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cromack","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waring, R.H.","contributorId":39188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waring","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boyle, J.R.","contributorId":53162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyle","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030573,"text":"70030573 - 2006 - Polar bear maternal den habitat in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-06T15:47:55","indexId":"70030573","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polar bear maternal den habitat in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska","docAbstract":"Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) give birth during mid-winter in dens of ice and snow. Denning polar bears subjected to human disturbances may abandon dens before their altricial young can survive the rigors of the Arctic winter. Because the Arctic coastal plain of Alaska is an area of high petroleum potential and contains existing and planned oil field developments, the distribution of polar bear dens on the plain is of interest to land managers. Therefore, as part of a study of denning habitats along the entire Arctic coast of Alaska, we examined high-resolution aerial photographs (n = 1655) of the 7994 km2 coastal plain included in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) and mapped 3621 km of bank habitat suitable for denning by polar bears. Such habitats were distributed uniformly and comprised 0.29% (23.2 km2) of the coastal plain between the Canning River and the Canadian border. Ground-truth sampling suggested that we had correctly identified 91.5% of bank denning habitats on the ANWR coastal plain. Knowledge of the distribution of these habitats will help facilitate informed management of human activities and minimize disruption of polar bears in maternal dens.
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Winter fasting and emaciation, which are common among Arctic charr living in high latitudes, resulted in a redistribution of the lipophilic PCBs from lipid-storing tissue such as the muscle, to vital organs that must be considered sensitive toward PCB (liver and brain). This redistribution was accompanied by a significant potentiation of the hepatic cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 1A biomarker response, from low activities in October (within those measured in uncontaminated charr) to a high, probably maximum, induction in May. Performance studies demonstrated a clear effect of environmentally realistic PCB levels on endocrine mechanisms, immune function, and seawater preadaptation (smoltification) in charr that had been feed deprived for several months after contamination with Aroclor 1254, whereas a high PCB dose exerted only minor, if any, effects in charr that had been fed after contamination. These results demonstrate that emaciation results in decreased dose-response relationships in fish, and indicate that arctic animals undergoing seasonal cycles of \"fattening\" and emaciation may be extra sensitive toward persistent, lipophilic organochlorines. Pilot studies on Arctic charr from Bjørnøya Island revealed marked CYP1A biomarker responses and an upregulation of genes involved in cellular homeostatic mechanisms in charr from Lake Ellasjøen (high PCB levels).
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During the course of developing this protocol, we investigated the effects of various factors on the toxicity of the injected methylmercury. Most of our experiments were done with chicken (Gallus domesticus), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), and ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) eggs, all of which were purchased in large numbers from game farms. A smaller amount of work was done with double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs collected from the wild. Several solvents were tested, and corn oil at a rate of 1 ??l/g egg contents was selected for the final standardized protocol because it had minimal toxicity to embryos and because methylmercury dissolved in corn oil yielded a dose-response curve in a range of egg concentrations that was similar to the range that causes reproductive impairment when the mother deposits methylmercury into her own eggs. The embryonic stage at which eggs were injected with corn oil altered mercury toxicity; at early stages, the corn oil itself was toxic. Therefore, in the final protocol we standardized the time of injection to occur when each species reached the morphologic equivalent of a 3-day-old chicken embryo. Although solvents can be injected directly into the albumen of an egg, high embryo mortality can occur in the solvent controls because of the formation of air bubbles in the albumen. Our final protocol used corn oil injections into the air cell, which are easier and safer than albumen injections. Most of the methylmercury, when dissolved in corn oil, injected into the air cell passes through the inner shell membrane and into the egg albumen. Most commercial incubators incubate eggs in trays with the air cell end of the egg pointing upward, but we discovered that mercury-induced mortality was too great when eggs were held in this orientation. In addition, some species of bird eggs require incubation on their sides with the eggs being rolled 180?? for them to develop normally. Therefore, we adopted a procedure of incubating the eggs of all species on their sides and rolling them 180?? every hour. Little has been published about the conditions of temperature, humidity, and the movements to which eggs of wild birds need to be subjected for them to hatch optimally under artificial incubation. Not unexpectedly, hatching success in an artificial incubator is generally less than what natural incubation by the parents can achieve. However, the survival of control embryos of most wild bird species was good (generally ??? 80%) up to within 1 or 2 days of hatching when we incubated the eggs at 37.5??C (or 37.6??C for gallinaceous species) at a relative humidity that resulted in an approximate 15% to 16% loss in egg weight by the end of incubation and by incubating the eggs on their sides and rolling them 180??/h. To improve statistical comparisons, we used survival through 90% of incubation as our measurement to compare survival of controls with survival of eggs injected with graded concentrations of mercury. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00244-005-1002-y","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Heinz, G.H., Hoffman, D.J., Kondrad, S., and Erwin, C.A., 2006, Factors affecting the toxicity of methylmercury injected into eggs: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 50, no. 2, p. 264-279, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-005-1002-y.","startPage":"264","endPage":"279","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211324,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-005-1002-y"},{"id":238593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0eade4b0c8380cd53584","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinz, G. 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To fully utilize this monitoring technique, problems associated with recording repeatability must be minimized. Much work has been done to equalize data from one survey to the next via processing techniques (Huang et al., 1998). The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential for minimized processing, allowing study of extremely small changes in subsurface characteristics. The goal is to evaluate source and receiver terrain combination to optimize signal repeatability, and to improve deconvolution with the ground force to suppress different types of noise and increase repeatability. ?? 2005 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.2370190","issn":"10523812","usgsCitation":"Walters, S., Miller, R., and Raef, A., 2006, Repeatability observations from a time-lapse seismic survey: SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, v. 25, no. 1, p. 3185-3189, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2370190.","startPage":"3185","endPage":"3189","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211692,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2370190"},{"id":239032,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa749e4b0c8380cd8531c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, S.L.","contributorId":107095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. 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The nesting eagles produced 1 fledgling in 2004 and 2 fledglings in 2005. Our assessment of landcover types within a 5-km radius of the nest indicated that grasslands accounted for most of the area (90%), followed by agricultural lands (8%). Black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies occupied 2.5% of the area, and single human residences with associated structures (i.e., barns) occupied <1%. The nearest source of permanent surface water >2.5 ha in surface area was 51 km from the nest. An analysis of regurgitated castings collected near the nest revealed a mammalian-dominated, breeding-season diet with black-tailed prairie dogs occurring in 80.9% of the castings. Other identified prey included cottontails (Sylvilagus spp., 15.9%), black-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus californicus, 3.2%), pronghorn (Antilocapra americana, 3.2%), and plains pocket gopher (Geomys bursarius, 1.6%). Bird remains were also present in 34.9% of the castings. This is the first reported successful nesting of Bald Eagles in the panhandle region of Texas since 1916; the nest is particularly unique because of its distance from any substantial body of water.
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This focusing may cause a pocket of amplified ground shaking and the anomalous chimney damage observed in earthquakes of 1949, 1965 and 2001. The 200-m bedrock fold at ???300-m depth is caused by deformation across an inferred fault within the Seattle fault zone. Ground motion simulations, using the imaged geologic structure and northward-propagating north-dipping plane wave sources, predict a peak horizontal acceleration pattern that matches that observed in strong motion records of the 2001 Nisqually event. Additionally, a pocket of chimney damage reported for both the 1965 and the 2001 earthquakes generally coincides with a zone of simulated amplification caused by focusing. This study further demonstrates the significant impact shallow (<1km) crustal structures can have on earthquake ground-motion variability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005GL025037","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Stephenson, W.J., Frankel, A., Odum, J.K., Williams, R.A., and Pratt, T.L., 2006, Toward resolving an earthquake ground motion mystery in west Seattle, Washington State: Shallow seismic focusing may cause anomalous chimney damage: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 33, no. 6, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL025037.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477463,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl025037","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212050,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL025037"},{"id":239458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5bce4b08c986b326879","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephenson, W. J.","contributorId":87982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frankel, A.D.","contributorId":53828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Odum, J. K.","contributorId":105705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, R. A.","contributorId":82323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pratt, T. L.","contributorId":53072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030558,"text":"70030558 - 2006 - Age constraints on felsic intrusions, metamorphism and gold mineralisation in the Palaeoproterozoic Rio Itapicuru greenstone belt, NE Bahia State, Brazil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030558","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age constraints on felsic intrusions, metamorphism and gold mineralisation in the Palaeoproterozoic Rio Itapicuru greenstone belt, NE Bahia State, Brazil","docAbstract":"U-Pb sensitive high resolution ion microprobe mass spectrometer (SHRIMP) ages of zircon, monazite and xenotime crystals from felsic intrusive rocks from the Rio Itapicuru greenstone belt show two development stages between 2,152 and 2,130 Ma, and between 2,130 and 2,080 Ma. The older intrusions yielded ages of 2,152??6 Ma in monazite crystals and 2,155??9 Ma in zircon crystals derived from the Trilhado granodiorite, and ages of 2,130??7 Ma and 2,128??8 Ma in zircon crystals derived from the Teofila??ndia tonalite. The emplacement age of the syntectonic Ambro??sio dome as indicated by a 2,080??2-Ma xenotime age for a granite dyke probably marks the end of the felsic magmatism. This age shows good agreement with the Ar-Ar plateau age of 2,080??5 Ma obtained in hornblendes from an amphibolite and with a U-Pb SHRIMP age of 2,076??10 Ma in detrital zircon crystals from a quartzite, interpreted as the age of the peak of the metamorphism. The predominance of inherited zircons in the syntectonic Ambro??sio dome suggests that the basement of the supracrustal rocks was composed of Archaean continental crust with components of 2,937??16, 3,111??13 and 3,162??13 Ma. Ar-Ar plateau ages of 2,050??4 Ma and 2,054??2 Ma on hydrothermal muscovite samples from the Fazenda Brasileiro gold deposit are interpreted as minimum ages for gold mineralisation and close to the true age of gold deposition. The Ar-Ar data indicate that the mineralisation must have occurred less than 30 million years after the peak of the metamorphism, or episodically between 2,080 Ma and 2,050 Ma, during uplift and exhumation of the orogen. ?? Springer-Verlag 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineralium Deposita","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00126-005-0037-3","issn":"00264598","usgsCitation":"Mello, E., Xavier, R., McNaughton, N., Hagemann, S., Fletcher, I., and Snee, L., 2006, Age constraints on felsic intrusions, metamorphism and gold mineralisation in the Palaeoproterozoic Rio Itapicuru greenstone belt, NE Bahia State, Brazil: Mineralium Deposita, v. 40, no. 8, p. 849-866, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-005-0037-3.","startPage":"849","endPage":"866","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211903,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-005-0037-3"},{"id":239279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8e6e4b0c8380cd47f6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mello, E.F.","contributorId":28068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mello","given":"E.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xavier, R.P.","contributorId":60015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xavier","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McNaughton, N.J.","contributorId":55606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNaughton","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hagemann, S.G.","contributorId":95647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagemann","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fletcher, I.","contributorId":84158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Snee, L.","contributorId":35477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snee","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030820,"text":"70030820 - 2006 - Age-structured mark-recapture analysis: A virtual-population-analysis-based model for analyzing age-structured capture-recapture data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030820","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age-structured mark-recapture analysis: A virtual-population-analysis-based model for analyzing age-structured capture-recapture data","docAbstract":"We present a new model to estimate capture probabilities, survival, abundance, and recruitment using traditional Jolly-Seber capture-recapture methods within a standard fisheries virtual population analysis framework. This approach compares the numbers of marked and unmarked fish at age captured in each year of sampling with predictions based on estimated vulnerabilities and abundance in a likelihood function. Recruitment to the earliest age at which fish can be tagged is estimated by using a virtual population analysis method to back-calculate the expected numbers of unmarked fish at risk of capture. By using information from both marked and unmarked animals in a standard fisheries age structure framework, this approach is well suited to the sparse data situations common in long-term capture-recapture programs with variable sampling effort. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M05-133.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Coggins, L., Pine, W., Walters, C., and Martell, S., 2006, Age-structured mark-recapture analysis: A virtual-population-analysis-based model for analyzing age-structured capture-recapture data: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 26, no. 1, p. 201-205, https://doi.org/10.1577/M05-133.1.","startPage":"201","endPage":"205","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211263,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M05-133.1"},{"id":238525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e900e4b0c8380cd48024","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coggins, L.G. Jr.","contributorId":47139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coggins","given":"L.G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pine, William E. III","contributorId":56759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pine","given":"William E.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walters, C.J.","contributorId":43971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martell, S.J.D.","contributorId":29205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martell","given":"S.J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030574,"text":"70030574 - 2006 - Sediment phosphate composition in relation to emergent macrophytes in the Doñana Marshes (SW Spain)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-20T12:14:25","indexId":"70030574","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment phosphate composition in relation to emergent macrophytes in the Doñana Marshes (SW Spain)","docAbstract":"We have studied the effect of the presence of emergent macrophytes on the sediment phosphate composition of a eutrophic shallow marsh on the NE margin of Doñana (SW Spain). Top sediment and water samples were collected from both the open-water and the vegetated sites at three areas covered by different plant species: Scirpus maritimus, Juncus subulatus and Phragmites australis. The concentration of organic matter was significantly higher in the top sediment of sites covered by vegetation than in their adjacent open-water sites at the three vegetation areas. The P-fractional composition showed that the sediment was dominated by the inorganic P-fractions in all cases, reaching the highest concentration in the Ca-bound P-fraction (281–372 μg g−1 d.w.). The sum of all P-fractions was significantly higher in the top sediment of the sites covered by J. subulatus and S. maritimus than in their adjacent open-water sites, and so were the org-P fraction extracted by hot NaOH and the concentration of phytate within this fraction. Deposition of plant material on the top sediment of areas vegetated by J. subulatus and S. maritimus explains these differences. The P-fractional composition of the seeds from J. subulatus showed that they contained a large proportion of organic P-fractions, particularly of the fraction extracted by hot NaOH (1868 μg g−1 d.w., 85% of which was phytate). The presence of emergent macrophytes, therefore, influenced the distribution of P-fractions in the sediment depending on plant species. The P-bioavailability of shallow aquatic systems must be fully understood if wetlands are to be protected from further eutrophication.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2006.01.031","issn":"00431354","usgsCitation":"Reina, M., Espinar, J.L., and Serrano, L., 2006, Sediment phosphate composition in relation to emergent macrophytes in the Doñana Marshes (SW Spain): Water Research, v. 40, no. 6, p. 1185-1190, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2006.01.031.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1185","endPage":"1190","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212103,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2006.01.031"}],"volume":"40","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b89a5e4b08c986b316e51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reina, M.","contributorId":107929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reina","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Espinar, J. L.","contributorId":45105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Espinar","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Serrano, L.","contributorId":83335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Serrano","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030959,"text":"70030959 - 2006 - Controls on soil pore water solutes: An approach for distinguishing between biogenic and lithogenic processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:11:41","indexId":"70030959","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Controls on soil pore water solutes: An approach for distinguishing between biogenic and lithogenic processes","docAbstract":"Spatial and temporal variations in pore water compositions are characterized for a deep regolith profile developed on a marine terrace chronosequence near Santa Cruz California. Variations are resolved in terms of the dominance of either a lithogenic process, i.e. chemical weathering, or a biogenic process, i.e. plant nutrient cycling. The concept of elemental fractionation is introduced describing the extent that specific elements are mobilized and cycled as a result of these processes.