A total of 200,000+ large timbers were transported >75 km to Chaco Canyon, a political and religious center in the precontact U.S. Southwest, using only human power. Previous researchers reported that typical primary roof beams (vigas) of Chacoan Great Houses averaged 0.22 m in diameter and 5 m in length with a mass of 275 kg. However, the 275 kg mass appears to be a miscalculation. Here, we calculate that a ponderosa pine timber of the stated dimensions would have a mass between 85–140 kg depending on the water content. While still a prodigious load, this recalculated mass requires revisions to estimates of the labor, time, and energy required to build Great Houses at Chaco. Based on contemporary measurements on professional load carriers and soldiers, we estimate that as few as two people could have carried an 85 kg timber across 100 km in as few as 21 h of active walking.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/00231940.2022.2102841","usgsCitation":"Wilson, J.A., Weiner, R.S., Dean, J., Betancourt, J.L., and Kram, R., 2023, Transporting timbers to Chaco Canyon: How heavy, how many carriers and how far/fast?: Kiva, v. 89, no. 1, p. 78-90, https://doi.org/10.1080/00231940.2022.2102841.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"78","endPage":"90","ipdsId":"IP-119250","costCenters":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422416,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, James A.","contributorId":331447,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36621,"text":"University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weiner, Robert S.","contributorId":331448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weiner","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":36621,"text":"University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dean, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":331449,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dean","given":"Jeffrey S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":887723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kram, Rodger","contributorId":331450,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kram","given":"Rodger","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36621,"text":"University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70262031,"text":"70262031 - 2023 - Adult Sea Lamprey approach and passage at the Milford Dam fishway, Penobscot River, Maine, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-10T16:58:37.81057","indexId":"70262031","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":19835,"text":"Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adult Sea Lamprey approach and passage at the Milford Dam fishway, Penobscot River, Maine, United States","docAbstract":"Objective
Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus provide important ecological services within their native range, such as nutrient cycling, and can also act as a prey source for other species. Adult Sea Lamprey must access freshwater rivers to spawn, and because of this they are susceptible to changes in river connectivity. Human-made structures, such as dams, can exclude them from usable habitat. Sea Lamprey dam passage has not been extensively studied in Maine, despite Maine being within the native range of this species. The goals of this study were to evaluate upstream passage efficiency at the Milford Dam on the Penobscot River, Maine, and to provide comprehensive information about adult Sea Lamprey passage at five other dams throughout the Penobscot River watershed.
Methods
In 2020–2021 we captured and tagged 150 Sea Lamprey at the Milford Dam, the lowest dam in the Penobscot River, Maine, and displaced them downstream to assess passage efficiency at this dam and five upstream dams. In 2020, 50 Sea Lamprey were released on the east shore of the river downstream of Milford Dam; in 2021, the east shore release was repeated with an additional 50 fish and another 50 fish were released on the west shore.
Result
Between 70–82% of Sea Lamprey were observed passing Milford Dam again after mean delay times of 9–11 days. The release location did not affect dam passage success or the amount of time that was required to locate and use the passage structures. Sea Lampreys from both release groups were equally likely to approach the entrance to the fishway upon returning to Milford Dam, despite the fishway being located against the eastern shore of the river. However, high flows shortly after release may have resulted in higher attraction to the fishway in 2020. Passage success at dams upstream of Milford was highly variable. All Sea Lamprey were able to successfully navigate past West Enfield Dam (100% passage, n = 63), whereas Brownsmill Dam apparently acted as a complete barrier to further migration (0% passage, n = 7). Fish from all years and release groups together had a median upstream migration distance of 38.8 km after fish had passed Milford Dam, and a maximum observed upstream travel distance of approximately 100 km, indicating that most tagged Sea Lamprey ended their migration in the vicinity of a dam.
Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that Sea Lamprey have high passage efficiency at the Milford Dam and highlight areas within the Penobscot River basin—such as the Brownsmill Dam—where passage facilities are currently inadequate for Sea Lamprey.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10919","usgsCitation":"Peterson, E., Thors, R., Frechette, D., and Zydlewski, J.D., 2023, Adult Sea Lamprey approach and passage at the Milford Dam fishway, Penobscot River, Maine, United States: Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 43, no. 4, p. 1052-1065, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10919.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1052","endPage":"1065","ipdsId":"IP-147299","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10919","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":466001,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Milford Dam fishway, Penobscot River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.65399945645208,\n 44.94347505924921\n ],\n [\n -68.65399945645208,\n 44.93937668118309\n ],\n [\n -68.64306273135283,\n 44.93937668118309\n ],\n [\n -68.64306273135283,\n 44.94347505924921\n ],\n [\n -68.65399945645208,\n 44.94347505924921\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Erin","contributorId":347938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Erin","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thors, Rex","contributorId":347941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thors","given":"Rex","affiliations":[{"id":83269,"text":"Maine Seagrant","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frechette, Danielle","contributorId":347942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frechette","given":"Danielle","affiliations":[{"id":68617,"text":"Maine Department of Marine Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":922759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70256438,"text":"70256438 - 2023 - Influence of invasive bigheaded carps on abundance of Gizzard Shad in the Tennessee River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-01T16:55:39.504718","indexId":"70256438","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-17T11:50:00","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of invasive bigheaded carps on abundance of Gizzard Shad in the Tennessee River","docAbstract":"The Tennessee River basin and its cascade of reservoirs are home to some of the most diverse freshwater fish assemblages in the world. This unique system is threatened by the ongoing invasion of Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Bighead Carp H. nobilis, hereafter referred to together as “bigheaded carps.” Bigheaded carps may directly compete for food resources with native clupeid species such as Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum, and this potential interaction could have damaging ecological and economic consequences. High relative abundances of Gizzard Shad are crucial to the Tennessee River food web and associated fisheries because of their role as a forage base for piscivorous species.
We analyzed a collection of annual gillnetting and electrofishing data spanning from 1990 to 2017 to test whether Gizzard Shad relative abundances have changed in Tennessee River reservoirs since the arrival of bigheaded carps.
Our analyses indicated that Gizzard Shad abundances have been declining but were already declining prior to the arrival of bigheaded carps in the Tennessee River.
At this stage in the invasion, we could not attribute a cause-and-effect relationship to the inverse correlation between Gizzard Shad and bigheaded carps, but we advise continued monitoring of indicators of harmful interactions.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10442","usgsCitation":"VanderBloemen, S., Miranda, L.E., Sass, G., Colvin, M., and Faucheux, N., 2023, Influence of invasive bigheaded carps on abundance of Gizzard Shad in the Tennessee River: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 152, no. 6, p. 809-818, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10442.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"809","endPage":"818","ipdsId":"IP-151633","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10442","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":432045,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennesee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.89909317516306,\n 37.08146306933972\n ],\n [\n -88.89909317516306,\n 34.317119493225874\n ],\n [\n -81.70418356025009,\n 34.317119493225874\n ],\n [\n -81.70418356025009,\n 37.08146306933972\n ],\n [\n -88.89909317516306,\n 37.08146306933972\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"152","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"VanderBloemen, Spencer","contributorId":340575,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"VanderBloemen","given":"Spencer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81634,"text":"Mississippi Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miranda, Leandro E. 0000-0002-2138-7924 smiranda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-7924","contributorId":531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"Leandro","email":"smiranda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sass, Greg G.","contributorId":340576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sass","given":"Greg G.","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Colvin, Michael","contributorId":340577,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colvin","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":81635,"text":"Department of Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Faucheux, Nicky","contributorId":340578,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faucheux","given":"Nicky","affiliations":[{"id":81634,"text":"Mississippi Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70247938,"text":"70247938 - 2023 - Spatial and temporal variation of large wood in a coastal river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-07T16:37:38.96641","indexId":"70247938","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-17T08:20:10","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal variation of large wood in a coastal river","docAbstract":"Large wood (LW) is a critical habitat-forming feature in rivers, but our understanding of its spatial and temporal dynamics remains incomplete due to its historical removal from waterways. Few studies have the necessary spatial and temporal extent and resolution to assess wood dynamics over long time periods or in response to flood disturbance. We used an exceptional dataset from 65 km of a free-flowing coastal river in Oregon, USA, to characterize LW dynamics over a 12-year period (1989–2000). Our objectives were to assess the spatial dynamics of LW over multiple spatial scales and characterize changes in these patterns in response to a major flood in November 1996. Higher LW densities were found in the tributaries, and higher temporal variation of density existed in the main stem. Within years and among reaches, LW density varied by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude across the river. Patterns of LW accumulation across the river were not comparably different when considered at spatial resolutions < 6 km. A large flood in 1996 homogenized the wood distribution across the system, particularly at fine spatial scales (that is, 1.5–0.1 km scales), but considerable heterogeneity was reestablished within 2–3 years post disturbance. At the habitat unit scale, LW tended to accumulate in locations with narrow channel widths, and to a lesser extent, in shallow reaches. These data highlight the dynamic nature of the natural wood regime in coastal rivers that is produced by continuous recruitment and transport through the system.
","language":"English","publisher":"SpringerLink","doi":"10.1007/s10021-023-00870-0","usgsCitation":"Yazzie, K., Torgersen, C.E., Schindler, D., and Reeves, G.H., 2023, Spatial and temporal variation of large wood in a coastal river: Ecosystems, v. 27, p. 19-32, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-023-00870-0.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"32","ipdsId":"IP-145063","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420150,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Elk River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.57286598859824,\n 42.864762099604405\n ],\n [\n -124.57286598859824,\n 42.65\n ],\n [\n -124.175,\n 42.65\n ],\n [\n -124.175,\n 42.864762099604405\n ],\n [\n -124.57286598859824,\n 42.864762099604405\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yazzie, Kimberly","contributorId":328733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yazzie","given":"Kimberly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":881132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Torgersen, Christian E. 0000-0001-8325-2737 ctorgersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8325-2737","contributorId":146935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torgersen","given":"Christian","email":"ctorgersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schindler, Daniel","contributorId":198878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schindler","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":881134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reeves, Gordon H.","contributorId":101521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reeves","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":527,"text":"Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":881135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70248372,"text":"70248372 - 2023 - Viscous relaxation of Oort and Edgeworth craters on Pluto: Possible indicators of an epoch of early high heat flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-11T12:12:52.404898","indexId":"70248372","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-17T07:11:01","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5718,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets","onlineIssn":"2169-9100","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Viscous relaxation of Oort and Edgeworth craters on Pluto: Possible indicators of an epoch of early high heat flow","docAbstract":"Impact craters, with their well-defined initial shapes, have proven useful as heat flow probes of a number of icy bodies, provided characteristics of viscous relaxation can be identified. For Pluto's numerous craters, such identifications are hampered/complicated by infilling and erosion by mobile volatile ices, but not in every case. Large craters offer relatively deep probes of rheological structure, and on Pluto two large old craters in a major dark (volatile-ice free) region are probably the best examples for possible viscous relaxation: Oort (115-km diameter) and Edgeworth (140-km diameter). They are similar in size, location, and apparent age (morphological preservation), but may or may not be coeval. Edgeworth is particularly shallow and its floor appears bowed up above the original ground plane, a classic hallmark of viscous relaxation in which viscosity decreases sharply with depth. Oort is less relaxed, but may be somewhat younger and less affected by an early epoch of high heat flow. Finite element calculations show that this heat flow would have to have been substantial to explain Edgeworth's upbowed floor by viscous relaxation, several times steady-state radiogenic values for present-day surface temperatures. We expect Pluto's brittle ice lithosphere to be fractured and porous, however, markedly reducing thermal conductivity and increasing temperatures at depth and relaxation for a given heat flow. We find that most relaxation occurs well within 100 Myr after impact for Edgeworth and Oort, and focus attention on a temporal (and/or regional) epoch of elevated heat flow, possibly tied to the serpentinization of Pluto's rocky core.
Excluding non-target species from invasive species control efforts can be challenging due to non-target attraction to trap structure, baits, and lures. Various methods have been used to deter non-target species from entering or disturbing traps including altered features (e.g., mesh size, trip mechanism, or entrances), staking traps, and chemical deterrents. Invasive populations of Argentine Black and White Tegu lizards (Salvator merianae) occur in several locations across Florida and Georgia, and there are ongoing trapping efforts to control them. At sites in Georgia, non-target mammals disturb most of the lizard traps (>80%), consume egg bait/lures, and thus reduce trap efficacy. In contrast, our Florida site has fewer problems with non-target mammals. Our goal was to quantify the efficacy of capsaicin-coated eggs, a known distasteful irritant to mammals, as a non-target bait deterrent in live traps set for tegus in both Georgia and Florida. We conducted feeding assays on three tegus and found that individuals readily consumed food coated in capsaicin. We then conducted a three-part, live trapping experiment to test 1) if trap disturbance by mammals habituated to eggs without capsaicin decreased when capsaicin-coated eggs were deployed in Georgia, 2) if mammals not habituated to eggs as bait (treated or untreated) disturbed live traps at the same rate as those habituated to eggs in Georgia, and 3) if tegu capture rates were different when capsaicin treated eggs were deployed in Florida. In Georgia, we found that trap disturbance by non-target mammals did not decrease when capsaicin was applied to eggs in an area previously habituated to trapping with this bait nor when applied in a novel area. In Florida, we found no significant difference in tegu captures using capsaicin-treated vs. untreated bait. Tegus were tolerant of capsaicin, but capsaicin treated eggs did not reduce non-target mammal disturbance to traps. Therefore, removal of invasive populations could be problematic if methods to reduce trap disturbance by non-targets are not identified and deployed.
Eocene transient global warming events (hyperthermals) can provide insight into a future warmer world. While much research has focused on the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), hyperthermals of a smaller magnitude can be used to characterize climatic responses over different magnitudes of forcing. This study identifies two events, namely the Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (ETM2 and H2), in shallow marine sediments of the Eocene-aged Salisbury Embayment of Maryland, based on magnetostratigraphy, calcareous nannofossil, and dinocyst biostratigraphy, as well as the recognition of negative stable carbon isotope excursions (CIEs) in biogenic calcite. We assess local environmental change in the Salisbury Embayment, utilizing clay mineralogy, marine palynology, δ18O of biogenic calcite, and biomarker paleothermometry (TEX86). Paleotemperature proxies show broad agreement between surface water and bottom water temperature changes. However, the timing of the warming does not correspond to the CIE of the ETM2 as expected from other records, and the highest values are observed during H2, suggesting factors in addition to pCO2 forcing have influenced temperature changes in the region. The ETM2 interval exhibits a shift in clay mineralogy from smectite-dominated facies to illite-rich facies, suggesting hydroclimatic changes but with a rather dampened weathering response relative to that of the PETM in the same region. Organic walled dinoflagellate cyst assemblages show large fluctuations throughout the studied section, none of which seem systematically related to CIE warming. These observations are contrary to the typical tight correspondence between climate change and assemblages across the PETM, regionally and globally, and ETM2 in the Arctic Ocean. The data do indicate very warm and (seasonally) stratified conditions, likely salinity-driven, across H2. The absence of evidence for strong perturbations in local hydrology and nutrient supply during ETM2 and H2, compared to the PETM, is consistent with the less extreme forcing and the warmer pre-event baseline, as well as the non-linear response in hydroclimates to greenhouse forcing.
Appalachian coal surface mines fracture geologic materials, causing release of both major ions and trace elements to water via accelerated weathering. When elevated above natural background, trace elements in streams may produce adverse effects to biota via direct exposure from water and sediment and via dietary exposure in food sources. Other studies have found elevated water concentrations of multiple trace elements in Appalachia's mining-influenced streams. Excepting Se, trace-element concentrations in abiotic and biotic media of Appalachian mining-influenced streams are less well-known. We analyzed environmental media of headwater streams receiving alkaline waters from Appalachian coal mines for eight trace elements (Al, As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Sr, V, and Zn) and assessed potential consequent ecological risks. Streamwater, particulate media (sediment, biofilm, leaf detritus) and benthic macroinvertebrates (primary consumers, secondary consumers, crayfish) were sampled from six mining-influenced and three reference streams during low-flow conditions in two seasons. Dissolved Cu, Ni, and Sr were higher in mining-influenced streams than in reference streams; whereas Ni, Sr, and Zn in fine sediments and Ni in macroinvertebrates were also elevated relative to reference-stream levels in samples from mining-influenced streams. Seasonal ratios of mining-influenced stream concentrations to maximum concentrations in reference streams also demonstrated mining-influenced increases for several elements in multiple media. In most media, concentrations of several elements including Ni were correlated positively. All water-column dissolved concentrations were below protective levels, but fine-sediment concentrations of Ni approached or exceeded threshold-effect concentrations in several streams. Further study is warranted for several elements (Cd, Ni, and Zn in biofilms, and V in macroinvertebrates), which approached or exceeded previously established dietary-risk levels.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/feart.2023.1213363","usgsCitation":"Horwell, C.J., Baxter, P.J., Damby, D., Elias, T., Ilyinskaya, E., Sparks, R.S., Stewart, C., and Tomasek, I., 2023, The International Volcanic Health Hazard Network (IVHHN): Reflections on 20 years of progress: Frontiers in Earth Science, v. 11, 1213363, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1213363.","productDescription":"1213363, 6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-151941","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442398,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1213363","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":421920,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horwell, Claire J.","contributorId":177455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horwell","given":"Claire","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16770,"text":"Dept. Earth Sciences, Durham University, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baxter, Peter J.","contributorId":201839,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baxter","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":27136,"text":"University of Cambridge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Damby, David 0000-0002-3238-3961","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3238-3961","contributorId":206614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Damby","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elias, Tamar 0000-0002-9592-4518 telias@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4518","contributorId":3916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"Tamar","email":"telias@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ilyinskaya, Evgenia","contributorId":315384,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ilyinskaya","given":"Evgenia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13344,"text":"University of Leeds","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sparks, R Stephen J","contributorId":330913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sparks","given":"R","email":"","middleInitial":"Stephen J","affiliations":[{"id":38325,"text":"University of Bristol, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stewart, Carol","contributorId":236960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"Carol","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":47573,"text":"Massey University, NZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tomasek, Ines","contributorId":205741,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tomasek","given":"Ines","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37158,"text":"Institute of Hazard, Risk & Resilience, Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70256497,"text":"70256497 - 2023 - Fire characteristics and hydrologic connectivity influence short-term responses of north temperate lakes to wildfire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-19T23:36:19.776136","indexId":"70256497","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-16T18:26:35","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire characteristics and hydrologic connectivity influence short-term responses of north temperate lakes to wildfire","docAbstract":"Despite increasing wildfires, few studies have investigated seasonal water quality responses to wildfire characteristics (e.g., burn severity) across a large number of lakes. We monitored 30 total lakes (15 burned, 15 control) monthly following the Greenwood Fire in Minnesota, USA, a lake-rich region with historically prevalent wildfire. We found increases in median concentrations of total nitrogen (68%), total phosphorus (70%), dissolved organic carbon (127%), total suspended solids (71%), and reduced water clarity (48%) and pH (0.45) in burned lakes. Post-wildfire responses in drainage lakes were often persistent or cumulative throughout the open-water season, compared to isolated lakes. Total phosphorus (TP) increased linearly with watershed high-severity burns, and shoreline high-severity burns explained more variation in TP than lake morphometry and watershed variables. Post-wildfire chlorophyll-a responses were nonsignificant and inconsistent, possibly due to light limitation. Our results suggest that increasing wildfires have significant potential to affect water quality of inland lakes.
Continuous and discrete streamflow data were combined with waterborne self-potential (WaSP), surface-water temperature and surface-water conductivity surveys obtained along an approximately 43-kilometer (26.7 mile) surveyed reach of the Elm Fork Trinity River (hereinafter referred to as “Elm Fork”) upstream from Dallas, Texas, to investigate areas of gaining and losing streamflow under various streamflow and seasonal climatic conditions. Discrete streamflow measurements were made at 17 locations on October 12, 2021, and January 25, 2022, at 19 locations on May 17, 2022, and at 18 locations on August 9, 2022. WaSP data were measured from a kayak in January 2022 during a period of base flow along three individually surveyed reaches between the Lake Lewisville Dam and Frasier Dam on the Elm Fork. Together, these data indicated different parts of the Elm Fork functioned as either a gaining or losing stream depending on streamflow and seasonal climatic conditions. Overall, there were estimated net gains in streamflow during the first two discrete-measurement events of about 107 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) and 2 ft3/s in October 2021 and January 2022, respectively, and estimated net losses in streamflow in May 2022 and August 2022 of about 24 ft3/s and 18 ft3/s, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"Texas Water Resources Institute","doi":"10.21423/twj.v14i1.7158","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J., Ikard, S., Trader, R.K., and Rodriguez, D., 2023, Discrete streamflow measurements and waterborne self-potential logging of a 43-kilometer-long reach of the Elm Fork Trinity River upstream from Dallas, Texas: Texas Water Journal, v. 14, no. 1, p. 81-104, https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v14i1.7158.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"104","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-147777","costCenters":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442404,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v14i1.7158","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":421764,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Elm Fork Trinity River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.89176831513726,\n 33.812193209873996\n ],\n [\n -97.94876936158748,\n 33.869691400296986\n ],\n [\n -97.95865878969555,\n 32.91189530433283\n ],\n [\n -95.92143659946109,\n 30.164609836459107\n ],\n [\n -95.00171978542303,\n 29.280023289731616\n ],\n [\n -94.41824352705486,\n 29.581484695397577\n ],\n [\n -95.89176831513726,\n 33.812193209873996\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Jonathan V. 0000-0003-0903-9713","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0903-9713","contributorId":217874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Jonathan V.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":885557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ikard, Scott 0000-0002-8304-4935","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8304-4935","contributorId":201775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ikard","given":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":885558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trader, Roger K. 0000-0003-1108-6789","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1108-6789","contributorId":330664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trader","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":885559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rodriguez, David 0000-0002-1009-3402","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1009-3402","contributorId":330665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":885560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70254755,"text":"70254755 - 2023 - The challenges of success: Future wolf conservation and management in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-07T14:28:26.338838","indexId":"70254755","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-16T09:21:57","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The challenges of success: Future wolf conservation and management in the United States","docAbstract":"Gray wolf (Canis lupus) recovery and conservation has been a remarkable success over the last 30 years in the United States. Remarkable success yields remarkable challenges, however. As populations expand, wolves will colonize more human-dominated landscapes and face numerous challenges, such as fragmented habitats, barriers to dispersal, and increased encounters with humans, pets, and livestock. In such areas, conflicts between humans and wolves will increase. We summarize several major scientific and social challenges that wolf conservation, recovery, and management will face in the coming years. In addition, we suggest actions to help address each challenge. Future wolf conservation in the United States will be affected by the ability of managers to predict colonization and dispersal dynamics, to reduce hybridization and disease transmission, to mitigate and deter wolf–livestock conflicts, to harvest wolves sustainably while satisfying diverse stakeholders, to avert a reduction in tolerance for wolves due to a disinterest in nature, and to engage diverse stakeholders in wolf conservation to avoid management by ballot initiative or legislative and judicial decrees.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biad053","usgsCitation":"Ausband, D.E., and Mech, L.D., 2023, The challenges of success: Future wolf conservation and management in the United States: BioScience, v. 73, no. 8, p. 587-591, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biad053.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"587","endPage":"591","ipdsId":"IP-152280","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442407,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biad053","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":429645,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"contiguous United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": 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David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":902424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70219052,"text":"70219052 - 2023 - Mapping planetary bodies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-24T15:41:04.706562","indexId":"70219052","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-16T08:44:39","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Mapping planetary bodies","docAbstract":"As the United States and its space agency, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), looks to send humans back to the Moon, many other countries and their space agencies are also sending orbiters, rovers, and sample return missions across the Solar System. We are living in an extraordinary age of planetary exploration, where every mission builds on the decades of advancements in satellite design and onboard instrumentation. Once we acknowledge this, we can turn to understanding and analyzing the wealth of collected data. Fortunately, the principles and methods used for terrestrial mapping can also be used for extraterrestrial bodies. Herein, we introduce the concepts and some challenges to mapping planetary bodies like the Moon, Mercury, Mars, and the numerous moons we have visited in our outer Solar System. These spacecrafts including orbiter and fly-by missions are often loaded with novel instrument types from intricate pushbroom cameras and multi- and hyper-spectral cameras to radar and laser altimeter instruments.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Routledge Handbook of Geospatial Technologies and Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.4324/9780367855765","usgsCitation":"Hare, T.M., 2023, Mapping planetary bodies, chap. of The Routledge Handbook of Geospatial Technologies and Society, p. 562-576, https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367855765.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"562","endPage":"576","ipdsId":"IP-126896","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420122,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hare, Trent M. 0000-0001-8842-389X thare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-389X","contributorId":3188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"Trent","email":"thare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70249515,"text":"70249515 - 2023 - Global methane emissions from rivers and streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-12T13:45:11.839911","indexId":"70249515","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-16T08:43:02","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global methane emissions from rivers and streams","docAbstract":"Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas and its concentrations have tripled in the atmosphere since the industrial revolution. There is evidence that global warming has increased CH4 emissions from freshwater ecosystems1,2, providing positive feedback to the global climate. Yet for rivers and streams, the controls and the magnitude of CH4 emissions remain highly uncertain3,4. Here we report a spatially explicit global estimate of CH4 emissions from running waters, accounting for 27.9 (16.7–39.7) Tg CH4 per year and roughly equal in magnitude to those of other freshwater systems5,6. Riverine CH4 emissions are not strongly temperature dependent, with low average activation energy (EM = 0.14 eV) compared with that of lakes and wetlands (EM = 0.96 eV)1. By contrast, global patterns of emissions are characterized by large fluxes in high- and low-latitude settings as well as in human-dominated environments. These patterns are explained by edaphic and climate features that are linked to anoxia in and near fluvial habitats, including a high supply of organic matter and water saturation in hydrologically connected soils. Our results highlight the importance of land–water connections in regulating CH4 supply to running waters, which is vulnerable not only to direct human modifications but also to several climate change responses on land.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publications","doi":"10.1038/s41586-023-06344-6","usgsCitation":"Rocher-Ros, G., Stanley, E.H., Loken, L.C., Casson, N.J., Raymond, P.A., Liu, S., Amatulli, G., and Sponseller, R.A., 2023, Global methane emissions from rivers and streams: Nature, v. 621, p. 530-535, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06344-6.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"530","endPage":"535","ipdsId":"IP-146294","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06344-6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":421888,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"621","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rocher-Ros, Gerard","contributorId":329670,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rocher-Ros","given":"Gerard","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12666,"text":"Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanley, Emily H.","contributorId":55725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stanley","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":12951,"text":"Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loken, Luke C. 0000-0003-3194-1498 lloken@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3194-1498","contributorId":195600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loken","given":"Luke","email":"lloken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":886052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Casson, Nora J.","contributorId":169271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Casson","given":"Nora","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":886053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Raymond, Peter A.","contributorId":172876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raymond","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17883,"text":"Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, New Haven, CT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liu, Shaoda","contributorId":257246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Shaoda","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":51989,"text":"Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Amatulli, Giuseppe","contributorId":330856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amatulli","given":"Giuseppe","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37550,"text":"Yale University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sponseller, Ryan A.","contributorId":329667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sponseller","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24847,"text":"Umea University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":886057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70248284,"text":"70248284 - 2023 - Functional traits explain waterbirds’ host status, subtype richness, and community-level infection risk for avian influenza","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-23T16:07:18.978878","indexId":"70248284","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-16T08:33:49","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1466,"text":"Ecology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Functional traits explain waterbirds’ host status, subtype richness, and community-level infection risk for avian influenza","docAbstract":"Species functional traits can influence pathogen transmission processes, and consequently affect species' host status, pathogen diversity, and community-level infection risk. We here investigated, for 143 European waterbird species, effects of functional traits on host status and pathogen diversity (subtype richness) for avian influenza virus at species level. We then explored the association between functional diversity and HPAI H5Nx occurrence at the community level for 2016/17 and 2021/22 epidemics in Europe. We found that both host status and subtype richness were shaped by several traits, such as diet guild and dispersal ability, and that the community-weighted means of these traits were also correlated with community-level risk of H5Nx occurrence. Moreover, functional divergence was negatively associated with H5Nx occurrence, indicating that functional diversity can reduce infection risk. Our findings highlight the value of integrating trait-based ecology into the framework of diversity–disease relationship, and provide new insights for HPAI prediction and prevention.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ele.14294","usgsCitation":"Yin, S., Li, N., Xu, W., Becker, D., de Boer, W.F., Xu, C., Mundkur, T., Fountain-Jones, N.M., Li, C., Han, G., Wu, Q., Prosser, D., Cui, L., and Huang, Z., 2023, Functional traits explain waterbirds’ host status, subtype richness, and community-level infection risk for avian influenza: Ecology Letters, v. 26, no. 10, p. 1780-1791, https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.14294.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1780","endPage":"1791","ipdsId":"IP-150802","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442413,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.14294","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":420619,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"http://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yin, Shenglai","contributorId":223544,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yin","given":"Shenglai","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37803,"text":"Wageningen University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":882268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Ning","contributorId":329421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Ning","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78584,"text":"Nanjing Xiaozhuang University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":882269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xu, Wenjie","contributorId":329422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xu","given":"Wenjie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78585,"text":"Nanjing Normal University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":882270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Becker, Daniel","contributorId":329423,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Becker","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":7062,"text":"University of Oklahoma","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":882271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"de Boer, Willem F.","contributorId":223546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Boer","given":"Willem","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":37803,"text":"Wageningen University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":882272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Xu, Chi","contributorId":329424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xu","given":"Chi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":51913,"text":"Nanjing University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":882273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mundkur, Taej","contributorId":199127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mundkur","given":"Taej","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":882274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fountain-Jones, Nicholas M","contributorId":288548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fountain-Jones","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":61795,"text":"ut","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":882275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Li, Chunlin","contributorId":329425,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Chunlin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78587,"text":"Anhui University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":882276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Han, Guan-zhu","contributorId":329426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Han","given":"Guan-zhu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78585,"text":"Nanjing Normal University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":882277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wu, Qiang","contributorId":329427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wu","given":"Qiang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54414,"text":"Zhejiang University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":882278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Prosser, Diann 0000-0002-5251-1799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":217931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"Diann","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":882279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Cui, Lijuan","contributorId":329428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cui","given":"Lijuan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78588,"text":"Chinese Academy of Forestry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":882280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Huang, Zheng","contributorId":329429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huang","given":"Zheng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78585,"text":"Nanjing Normal University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":882281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70247900,"text":"70247900 - 2023 - A multi-ecosystem prioritization framework to balance competing habitat conservation needs of multiple species in decline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-07T15:44:25.329372","indexId":"70247900","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-16T06:37:20","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multi-ecosystem prioritization framework to balance competing habitat conservation needs of multiple species in decline","docAbstract":"Individual species often drive habitat restoration action; however, management under this paradigm may negatively affect non-target species. Prioritization frameworks which explicitly consider benefits to target species while minimizing consequences for non-target species may improve management strategies and outcomes.
We examined extents to which conifer removal, an approach frequently implemented to restore sagebrush ecosystems, can be conducted without detrimental effects to conifer-associated species, including the imperiled Pinyon Jay (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus). Additionally, we prioritized sites for conifer removal, and predicted abundance responses for multiple species following simulated conifer removal at selected sites to achieve variable management objectives.
We used model-predicted changes in species’ densities following simulated conifer removal to identify optimal removal sites under single species, multi-species (ecosystem), and multi-ecosystem management scenarios. We simulated conifer removal at prioritized sites and evaluated resulting changes in abundance for six passerine species.
Management prioritized for a single species (Brewer’s Sparrow) provided the greatest per-unit-effort benefits for that species but resulted in the lowest population outcomes for all other species considered. In comparison, prioritizations for multiple species within a single ecosystem (i.e., pinyon–juniper or sagebrush) resulted in larger population benefits for species associated with that ecosystem and reduced detrimental effects on non-target species associated with another ecosystem. For example, single species management for Brewer’s Sparrow resulted in an average increase of 1.38% for sagebrush-associated species and a 4.58% decrease for pinyon–juniper associated species. In contrast, when managing for multiple sagebrush-associated species sagebrush-associated songbird populations increased by 3.98% and pinyon–juniper associated species decreased by 2.36%, on average.
Our results illustrate single species management can result in detrimental outcomes and/or opportunity costs for non-target species compared to management designed to benefit multiple species. Our framework can be used to balance undesired consequences for non-target species and is adaptable for other systems and taxa.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10980-023-01712-z","usgsCitation":"Van Lanen, N.J., Shyvers, J.E., Duchardt, C.J., and Aldridge, C.L., 2023, A multi-ecosystem prioritization framework to balance competing habitat conservation needs of multiple species in decline: Landscape Ecology, v. 38, p. 2795-2813, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-023-01712-z.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"2795","endPage":"2813","ipdsId":"IP-147313","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442419,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-023-01712-z","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435222,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9QFTK1D","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Prioritized sites for conifer removal within the Utah portion of Bird Conservation Region 16, 2020"},{"id":435221,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9MJHTMQ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Predicted 2020 densities for 11 songbird species across the western United States"},{"id":420062,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Lanen, Nicholas J. 0000-0003-0871-0261","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0871-0261","contributorId":302927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Lanen","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":880924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shyvers, Jessica E. 0000-0002-4307-0004","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4307-0004","contributorId":288929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shyvers","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":880925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duchardt, Courtney J. 0000-0003-4563-0199","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4563-0199","contributorId":239754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duchardt","given":"Courtney","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":48000,"text":"U Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941 aldridgec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":191773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron","email":"aldridgec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":880927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70247744,"text":"ofr20231061 - 2023 - Fall contributions of phosphorus and nitrogen in stormwater runoff through weekly street cleaning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-11T21:36:13.210009","indexId":"ofr20231061","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-15T15:34:48","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-1061","displayTitle":"Fall Contributions of Phosphorus and Nitrogen in Stormwater Runoff through Weekly Street Cleaning","title":"Fall contributions of phosphorus and nitrogen in stormwater runoff through weekly street cleaning","docAbstract":"This report describes a study that characterized reductions in total and dissolved forms of phosphorus and nitrogen in stormwater runoff through implementation of a municipal leaf collection and street cleaning program in two medium-density residential catchments in Madison, Wisconsin. One catchment was established as a control in which no effort was made to remove leaf litter and other organic detritus from streets. The second catchment served as the test catchment in which leaf litter was removed through a combination of biweekly leaf collection and weekly mechanical-broom street cleaning. Loads of total and dissolved phosphorus in the test catchment were reduced by 46 and 51 percent (probability less than 0.20), respectively, and total and dissolved nitrogen by 42 and 52 percent (probability less than 0.20), respectively, with an active leaf collection and street cleaning program compared to no program in the control catchment. Results from this study support an ongoing effort to characterize how various combinations of municipal leaf collection and street cleaning can affect nutrient loads in urban runoff.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231061","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and League of Wisconsin Municipalities","usgsCitation":"Selbig, W.R., and Stenehjem, K.J., 2023, Fall contributions of phosphorus and nitrogen in stormwater runoff through weekly street cleaning: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1061, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231061.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 11 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-150684","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":419832,"rank":5,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"—USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":499786,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_115215.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":419833,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20231061/full"},{"id":419831,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1061/images"},{"id":419830,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1061/ofr20231061.XML"},{"id":419829,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1061/ofr20231061.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023–1061"},{"id":419828,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1061/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane County","city":"Madison","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.38888315075111,\n 43.151755311064505\n ],\n [\n -89.38888315075111,\n 43.13561018325166\n ],\n [\n -89.36103939056075,\n 43.13561018325166\n ],\n [\n -89.36103939056075,\n 43.151755311064505\n ],\n [\n -89.38888315075111,\n 43.151755311064505\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1 Gifford Pinchot Drive
Madison, WI 53726
How does an earthquake affect buried pipeline networks? It is well known that the seismic performance of buried pipelines depends on ground failures (GFs) as well as strong ground shaking (SGS), but it is unclear how the various types of earthquake hazards should be collectively combined, as existing methodologies tend to examine each of the earthquake hazards separately. In this article, we develop a probability‐based methodology to consistently combine SGS with three types of GF (surface faulting, liquefaction, and landslide) for forecasting seismic damage in buried pipeline networks from a given earthquake rupture scenario. Using a gas transmission pipeline example, we illustrate how the proposed methodology enables others (e.g., researchers, pipeline operators who manage distribution lines, and consultants) to modularly combine various models such as those for estimating probability of GF, permanent ground displacements, and pipeline fragility. Finally, we compare the proposed methodology against the Hazus methodology to explore implications from considering each hazard one at a time.
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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, National Geospatial Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Mail Stop 511
Reston, VA 20192
Email: 3DEP@usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"Every year in the United States, natural hazards threaten lives and livelihoods, resulting in thousands of casualties and billions of dollars in damage. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Natural Hazards Mission Area works with many partners to monitor, assess, and research a wide range of natural hazards, including earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. These efforts aim to enhance community preparedness, response, and resilience. The USGS Earthquake Hazards Program (EHP) provides earthquake monitoring and notifications, assesses seismic hazards, and conducts targeted research to reduce the risk of earthquake hazards nationwide. The USGS Volcano Hazards Program (VHP) delivers forecasts, warnings, and information about volcanic hazards based on proactive monitoring of the nation’s active volcanoes and scientific understanding of volcanic processes. The VHP also conducts targeted research on volcanic processes and creates hazards assessments that inform the level of monitoring required at each of the nation’s active volcanoes. Earthquake and volcano early warning systems are essential to disaster risk reduction: they can save lives and reduce property damage by quickly distributing messages and warnings to communities in harm’s way.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20233033","programNote":"Volcano Hazards Program","usgsCitation":"Wilkins, A., Mandeville, C., Power, J., and Given, D., 2023, Comparison of earthquake early warning systems and the national volcano early warning system at the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2023-3033, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20233033.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-139283","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":419798,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3033/fs20233033.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2023-3033"},{"id":419797,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3033/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":419968,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3033/images/"},{"id":419967,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20233033/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2023-3033"},{"id":419969,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2023/3033/fs20233033.XML"}],"contact":"Associate Director, Natural Hazards
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., Mail Stop 905
Reston, VA 20192
The effects of interior headland restoration on estuarine sediment transport processes were assessed through process-based numerical modeling. Three proposed interior headland restoration scenarios in the Grand Bay estuary (Mississippi/Alabama) were modeled using Delft3D to understand impacts on suspended sediment concentrations, bed level morphology, and sediment fluxes under present-day conditions and a sea level rise (SLR) of 0.5 m, representing a high projection of SLR by the year 2050. Model results showed localized differences in bed levels near the restored features after a year of simulated morphologic change. The restored headland features acted as a sediment source to the immediate surroundings while also providing some non-significant sheltering effect of backshore shoals and marsh shorelines. Sediment fluxes were sensitive to wind directions and the presence of the restored headlands. However, regardless of wind direction, mean sea level, or restoration action, the greatest sediment fluxes were always export fluxes from the estuary, which were further increased with increased sea level. Suspended sediment concentrations were highly influenced by SLR in a non-linear manner. Sediment concentrations both increased and decreased depending on depth under SLR. Furthermore, SLR allowed for the suspension and deposition of sediments on the marsh platform. Overall, the influence of SLR was more impactful to changing sediment dynamics than the influence of the restoration features.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2023.1217830","usgsCitation":"Jenkins, R., Passeri, D., Smith, C., Thompson, D.M., and Smith, K., 2023, Modeling the effects of interior headland restoration on estuarine sediment transport processes in a marine-dominant estuary: Frontiers in Marine Science, v. 10, 1217830, 20 p.; Data Release, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1217830.","productDescription":"1217830, 20 p.; Data Release","ipdsId":"IP-153408","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420007,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":435223,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P986ZR6B","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Modeling the Effects of Interior Headland Restoration on Estuarine Sediment Transport Processes in a Marine-Dominant Estuary: Delft3D Model Output"},{"id":442425,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1217830","text":"Publisher Index Page"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Grand Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.42970223559698,\n 30.42582727404016\n ],\n [\n -88.42970223559698,\n 30.33819705788089\n ],\n [\n -88.27115514836353,\n 30.33819705788089\n ],\n [\n -88.27115514836353,\n 30.42582727404016\n ],\n [\n -88.42970223559698,\n 30.42582727404016\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenkins, Robert L. III 0000-0003-2078-4618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-4618","contributorId":202181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Robert L.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":880792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Passeri, Davina 0000-0002-9760-3195 dpasseri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9760-3195","contributorId":166889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Passeri","given":"Davina","email":"dpasseri@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":880793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Christopher G. 0000-0002-8075-4763","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8075-4763","contributorId":218439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Christopher G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":880794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, David M. 0000-0002-7103-5740 dthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7103-5740","contributorId":3502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"David","email":"dthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":880795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Kathryn E.L. 0000-0002-7521-7875 kelsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7521-7875","contributorId":173264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kathryn","email":"kelsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":880796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70247706,"text":"sir20235067 - 2023 - Geology and assessment of coal resources for the Cherokee coal bed in the Fort Union Formation, south-central Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-09T16:56:31.872382","indexId":"sir20235067","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-14T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-5067","displayTitle":"Geology and Assessment of Coal Resources for the Cherokee Coal Bed in the Fort Union Formation, South-Central Wyoming","title":"Geology and assessment of coal resources for the Cherokee coal bed in the Fort Union Formation, south-central Wyoming","docAbstract":"The Cherokee coal bed is a locally thick and laterally continuous coal bed in the Overland Member of the Paleocene Fort Union Formation in south-central Wyoming. It represents a significant resource that is easily accessible and may be extractable through both surface and underground mining methods. A database of more than 600 data points, comprising coalbed methane wells, coal exploration drill holes, and measured sections, was compiled from a previously released geologic database and reinterpreted to provide a more detailed geologic model for the Cherokee coal bed. The thickest part of the Cherokee coal bed lies along the crest of the Wamsutter arch, an east-west trending anticlinal feature that separates the Great Divide subbasin to north from the Washakie subbasin to the south. The Cherokee coal bed consists of several laterally persistent benches separated by partings that range in thickness from one inch to greater than 100 feet. A series of detailed geologic cross sections through the study area show both the structural geology and the distribution and areal extent of the individual coal benches of the Cherokee coal bed.
Data generated from the geologic model were used in stochastic geostatistical analyses to estimate the remaining or in-place coal resources. Certain parameters, as described later in the text, were applied to calculate available coal resources for surface and underground mining. This study is part of an ongoing process by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to transition from a distance-based approach to a probabilistic approach for determining uncertainty in coal resource assessment. This probabilistic approach uses quantitative statistical methods to determine the potential range of uncertainty in coal resource estimates, whereas the distance-based approach does not provide any mathematical method to determine the range of uncertainty. Using stochastic geostatistical methods, utilizing 100 realizations or gridding iterations of the data, in-place resources were calculated, with a 90 percent probability, to be 15.261 ± 0.464 billion short tons (bst). Available coal resources tonnages were calculated using separate sets of criteria for surface and underground mining methods, based on probable mining parameters. Tonnage values were calculated based on estimated coal densities determined from available coal quality data. Available coal resources that meet the parameters for surface mining methods were calculated, with a 90 percent probability, to be 0.813 ± 0.038 bst.
Available coal resources that meet the parameters for underground mining methods were calculated, with a 90 percent probability, to be 2.393 ± 0.055 bst. The calculations were based on estimates of the resources that meet the parameters for the optimum mining of the thickest coal benches of the Cherokee coal bed. This is depicted in a series of cross sections through the study area that show projected underground mining horizons in the Cherokee coal bed, based on the thickest combinations of individual coal benches.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235067","programNote":"Energy Resources Program","usgsCitation":"Shaffer, B.N., and Olea, R.A., 2023, Geology and assessment of coal resources for the Cherokee coal bed in the Fort Union Formation, south-central Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5067, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235067.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 30 p.; 6 Figures: 36.00 x 24.00 inches; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-132141","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":419765,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P92K1UT6","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Cherokee coal bed drill hole data from the Fort Union Formation in the Little Snake River coal field and Red Desert area, Wyoming"},{"id":419763,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5067/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":419764,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5067/sir20235067.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.73 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023-5067"},{"id":419766,"rank":4,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5067/sir20235067_fig07.pdf","text":"Figure 7","size":"108 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023-5067 Figure 7"},{"id":419768,"rank":6,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5067/sir20235067_fig09.pdf","text":"Figure 9","size":"104 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023-5067 Figure 9"},{"id":419769,"rank":7,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5067/sir20235067_fig16.pdf","text":"Figure 16","size":"96 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023-5067 Figure 16"},{"id":419770,"rank":8,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5067/sir20235067_fig17.pdf","text":"Figure 17","size":"104 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023-5067 Figure 17"},{"id":419771,"rank":9,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5067/sir20235067_fig18.pdf","text":"Figure 18","size":"104 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023-5067 Figure 18"},{"id":419767,"rank":5,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5067/sir20235067_fig08.pdf","text":"Figure 8","size":"104 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023-5067 Figure 8"},{"id":420209,"rank":10,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5067/images"},{"id":420210,"rank":11,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5067/sir20235067.xml"},{"id":420217,"rank":12,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20235067/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2023-5067"},{"id":500948,"rank":13,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_115199.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Cherokee Coal Bed, Fort Union Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.3333,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -108.3333,\n 41.4167\n ],\n [\n -107.5,\n 41.4167\n ],\n [\n -107.5,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -108.3333,\n 42\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Porosity, the fraction of soil volume not occupied by solids, is relatively easy to conceptualize and measure. Pore-size distribution is a complex topic, in part from the lack of a clear and unique concept of a soil pore as a discrete object. Available tools for evaluating pore-size distribution involve traditional conventions and operational definitions applied to hydraulic property characterizations, as well as more recently developed imaging techniques. Application of these tools can provide effective characterizations of the pores and pore space that lead to an understanding of the relation between pore characteristics and soil functions.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-822974-3.00139-7","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J.R., Katuwal, S., and Lucas, M., 2023, Porosity and pore-size distribution, chap. of Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment, v. 5, p. 16-24, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822974-3.00139-7.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"24","ipdsId":"IP-142777","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420121,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":875699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Katuwal, Sheela","contributorId":310444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Katuwal","given":"Sheela","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":67189,"text":"U. Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":875700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lucas, Maik","contributorId":310445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lucas","given":"Maik","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":67191,"text":"Michigan State U.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":875701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70246691,"text":"sir20235068 - 2023 - Flood-inundation maps for Fourmile Creek at Silver Grove, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-09T17:08:29.267739","indexId":"sir20235068","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-14T09:50:00","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-5068","displayTitle":"Flood-Inundation Maps for Fourmile Creek at Silver Grove, Kentucky","title":"Flood-inundation maps for Fourmile Creek at Silver Grove, Kentucky","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a 3.4-mile reach of Fourmile Creek at Silver Grove, Kentucky, were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the City of Silver Grove and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Louisville District. Because the City of Silver Grove is subject to flooding from Fourmile Creek and the Ohio River (backwater flooding up Fourmile Creek), a set of flood-inundation maps was created, including maps for each flooding source considered independently and for possible scenarios involving flooding from both sources combined. The flood-inundation maps depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to a range of gage heights (gage height is commonly referred to as “stage,” or the water-surface elevation at a streamgage) at the USGS streamgage on Fourmile Creek at Grays Crossing at Silver Grove, Ky. (station number 03238785), and the USGS streamgage on Fourmile Creek at Highway 8 at Silver Grove, Ky. (station number 03238798). Near-real-time stages at these streamgages can be obtained from the USGS National Water Information System at https://waterdata.usgs.gov/. The USGS streamgage on the Ohio River at Cincinnati, Ohio (station number 03255000), is also important in this study because the National Weather Service (NWS) Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS; https://water.weather.gov/ahps/) forecasts flood hydrographs for this site (NWS AHPS site CCNO1). The peak-stage information forecast by the NWS AHPS can be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation.
Flood profiles were computed for the Fourmile Creek study reach by means of a one-dimensional, step-backwater hydraulic model (HEC-RAS) developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The hydraulic model was calibrated by using the current stage-discharge relation (USGS rating number 1.1) at USGS streamgage 03238785, Fourmile Creek at Grays Crossing at Silver Grove, Ky. The model was then used to compute water-surface profiles for 83 combinations of flood stages on the Ohio River and Fourmile Creek ranging from approximately base flow to greater than a 2-percent annual exceedance probability flood in the model reach. An additional 50 water-surface profiles were computed for backwater-only flooding (from the Ohio River) for flood elevations (referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 [NAVD 88]) at 1-foot intervals referenced to USGS streamgage 03238798, Fourmile Creek at Highway 8 at Silver Grove, Ky.; these elevations ranged from approximately normal pool (460 ft, NAVD 88) to approximately a 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability flood (509 ft, NAVD 88) on the Ohio River. The computed water-surface profile information was then combined with a digital elevation model derived from light detection and ranging (lidar) data to delineate the approximate flooded areas.
The digital flood-inundation maps are available through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapper application (https://fim.wim.usgs.gov/fim/), which presents map libraries and provides detailed information on flood extent and depths for selected sites. The flood-inundation maps developed in this study, in conjunction with the real-time stage data from the USGS streamgages on Fourmile Creek at Silver Grove, Ky., and forecasted stream stages from the NWS AHPS, are intended to provide information that can help inform the public about potential flooding and provide emergency management personnel with a tool to efficiently manage emergency flood operations, such as evacuations and road closures, and assist in postflood recovery efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235068","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Silver Grove and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Louisville District","usgsCitation":"Boldt, J.A., 2023, Flood-inundation maps for Fourmile Creek at Silver Grove, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5068, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235068.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 22 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-130251","costCenters":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500949,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_115179.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":418995,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VJSH7D","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geospatial datasets and model for the flood-inundation study of Fourmile Creek at Silver Grove, Kentucky"},{"id":418994,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5068/sir20235068.XML"},{"id":418993,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5068/images/"},{"id":418992,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20235068/full","text":"Report","description":"SIR 2023-5068"},{"id":418991,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5068/sir20235068.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.38 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023-5068"},{"id":418990,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5068/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","city":"Silver Grove","otherGeospatial":"Fourmile Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.5333,\n 39.1333\n ],\n [\n -84.5333,\n 39.0167\n ],\n [\n -84.3583,\n 39.0167\n ],\n [\n -84.3583,\n 39.1333\n ],\n [\n -84.5333,\n 39.1333\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5957 Lakeside Blvd.
Indianapolis, IN 46278-1996
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Polk County Conservation","usgsCitation":"Burch, T., Stokdyk, J.P., Firnstahl, A.D., Opelt, S., Cook, R.M., and Borchardt, M.A., 2023, Des Moines water trails: Health risk from waterborne pathogens during recreational water use, 55 p.","productDescription":"55 p.","ipdsId":"IP-152824","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":430569,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":430568,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.polkcountyiowa.gov/conservation/water-quality/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","city":"Des Moines","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.9020694474879,\n 41.79712862176632\n ],\n [\n -93.9020694474879,\n 41.46537191589431\n ],\n [\n -93.43046961673721,\n 41.46537191589431\n ],\n [\n -93.43046961673721,\n 41.79712862176632\n ],\n [\n -93.9020694474879,\n 41.79712862176632\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burch, Tucker R.","contributorId":195801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burch","given":"Tucker R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stokdyk, Joel P. 0000-0003-2887-6277 jstokdyk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2887-6277","contributorId":193848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stokdyk","given":"Joel","email":"jstokdyk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":905027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Firnstahl, Aaron D. 0000-0003-2686-7596 afirnstahl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2686-7596","contributorId":168296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Firnstahl","given":"Aaron","email":"afirnstahl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":905028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Opelt, Sarah A.","contributorId":300168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Opelt","given":"Sarah","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cook, Rachel M.","contributorId":300167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"Rachel","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Borchardt, Mark A. 0000-0002-6471-2627","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6471-2627","contributorId":151033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borchardt","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6684,"text":"USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Aiken, SC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":905031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}