{"pageNumber":"2490","pageRowStart":"62225","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184689,"records":[{"id":70028665,"text":"70028665 - 2006 - Location and timing of river-aquifer exchanges in six tributaries to the Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-27T15:16:22","indexId":"70028665","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Location and timing of river-aquifer exchanges in six tributaries to the Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest of the United States","docAbstract":"<p>The flow of water between rivers and contiguous aquifers influences the quantity and quality of water resources, particularly in regions where precipitation and runoff are unevenly distributed through the year, such as the Columbia Basin (CB) in northwestern United States. Investigations of basin hydrogeology and gains and losses of streamflow for six rivers in the CB were reviewed to characterize general patterns in the timing and location of river-aquifer exchanges at a reach-scale (0.5-150 km) and to identify geologic and geomorphic features associated with the largest exchanges. Ground-water discharge to each river, or the gain in streamflow, was concentrated spatially: more than one-half of the total gains along each river segment were contributed from reaches that represented no more than 30% of the total segment length with the largest and most concentrated gains in rivers in volcanic terrains. Fluvial recharge of aquifers, or losses of streamflow, was largest in rivers in sedimentary basins where unconsolidated sediments form shallow aquifers. Three types of geologic or geomorphic features were associated with the largest exchanges: (1) changes in the thickness of unconsolidated aquifers; (2) contacts between lithologic units that represent contrasts in permeability; and (3) channel forms that increase the hydraulic gradient or cross-sectional area of flow paths between a river and shallow ground-water. The down-valley component of ground-water flow and its vertical convergence on or divergence from a riverbed account for large streamflow gains in some reaches and contrast with the common assumption of lateral ground-water discharge to a river that penetrates completely through the aquifer. Increased ground-water discharge was observed during high-flow periods in reaches of four rivers indicating that changes in ground-water levels can be more important than stage fluctuations in regulating the direction and magnitude of river-aquifer exchanges and that assumptions about ground-water discharge during high flow periods used for base-flow separation must be verified. Given the variety of geologic terrains in the CB, the spatial and temporal patterns of river-aquifer exchanges provide a framework for investigations in other regions that includes a focus on reaches where the largest exchanges are likely to occur, integration of ground-water and surface-water data, and verification of assumptions regarding ground-water flow direction and temporal variation of exchanges. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.02.028","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Konrad, C., 2006, Location and timing of river-aquifer exchanges in six tributaries to the Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest of the United States: Journal of Hydrology, v. 329, no. 3-4, p. 444-470, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.02.028.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"444","endPage":"470","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209736,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.02.028"}],"volume":"329","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a490be4b0c8380cd68305","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konrad, C.P.","contributorId":39027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1008389,"text":"1008389 - 2006 - Assessment of reproductive effects in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) exposed to bleached/unbleached kraft mill effluents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-14T15:44:42.791749","indexId":"1008389","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of reproductive effects in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) exposed to bleached/unbleached kraft mill effluents","docAbstract":"<p><span>This study evaluated the potential effects of different concentrations of bleached/unbleached kraft mill effluent (B/UKME) on several reproductive endpoints in adult largemouth bass (</span><i>Micropterus salmoides</i><span>). The kraft mill studied produces a 50/50 mix of bleached/unbleached market pulp with an estimated release of 36 million gal of effluent/day. Bleaching sequences were C</span><sub>90</sub><span>d</span><sub>10</sub><span>EopHDp and CEHD for softwood (pines) and hardwoods (mainly tupelo, gums, magnolia, and water oaks), respectively. Bass were exposed to different effluent concentrations (0 [controls, exposed to well water], 10, 20, 40, or 80%) for either 28 or 56 days. At the end of each exposure period, fish were euthanized, gonads collected for histological evaluation and determination of gonadosomatic index (GSI), and plasma was analyzed for 17β-estradiol, 11-ketotestosterone, and vitellogenin (VTG). Largemouth bass exposed to B/UKME responded with changes at the biochemical level (decline in sex steroids in both sexes and VTG in females) that were usually translated into tissue/organ-level responses (declines in GSI in both sexes and in ovarian development in females). Although most of these responses occurred after exposing fish to 40% B/UKME concentrations or greater, some were observed after exposures to 20% B/UKME. These threshold concentrations fall within the 60% average yearly concentration of effluent that exists in the stream near the point of discharge (Rice Creek), but are above the &lt;10% effluent concentration present in the St. Johns River. The chemical(s) responsible for such changes as well as their mode(s) of action remain unknown at this time.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"SpringerLink","doi":"10.1007/s002440010274","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, M.S., Ruessler, D.S., Denslow, N., Holm, S.E., Schoeb, T., and Gross, T., 2006, Assessment of reproductive effects in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) exposed to bleached/unbleached kraft mill effluents: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 41, p. 475-482, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002440010274.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"475","endPage":"482","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132571,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671ec1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sepulveda, M. S.","contributorId":99918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruessler, D. S.","contributorId":22292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruessler","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denslow, N. D.","contributorId":101606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Denslow","given":"N. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holm, S. E.","contributorId":49315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holm","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schoeb, T. R.","contributorId":73550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schoeb","given":"T. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gross, T. S.","contributorId":95828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"T. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70028564,"text":"70028564 - 2006 - Estimated age structure of wolves in Northeastern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T11:07:24","indexId":"70028564","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimated age structure of wolves in Northeastern Minnesota","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1481:EASOWI]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Mech, L., 2006, Estimated age structure of wolves in Northeastern Minnesota: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 5, p. 1481-1483, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1481:EASOWI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1481","endPage":"1483","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209760,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1481:EASOWI]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"70","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a84e4b0c8380cd5239a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70028289,"text":"70028289 - 2006 - Bald Friar Metabasalt and Kennett Square Amphibolite: Two Iapetan Ocean Floor Basalts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028289","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2897,"text":"Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bald Friar Metabasalt and Kennett Square Amphibolite: Two Iapetan Ocean Floor Basalts","docAbstract":"The Bald Friar Metabasalt (BFM) and Kennett Square Amphibolite (KSA) are basaltic units found in the Piedmont of southeastern Pennsylvania. The BFM is also recognized in northern Maryland. Both are believed to represent fragments of the floor of the Iapetus Ocean, but are not known occur in direct association with one another. The BFM typically occurs as small fragments having typical stratigraphic thicknesses of 2.5 m, and composed of greenish, fine-grained chlorite-epidote-actinolite-albite metabasalt in ophiolite me??lange. One bed of pillow basalt has been found at the type locality, Bald Friar, Cecil County, Maryland. Even though outcrops of BFM are highly discontinuous, they have a remarkable chemical uniformity over a strike length of 143 km and appear to be equivalent to the Caldwell Group 1b metabasalt of the Thetford, Quebec, area. The BFM is typically associated with ultramafic fragments and may be affiliated with the Baltimore Mafic Complex (BMC), from which a baddeleyite date of 442 +/- 7 Ma (Silurian) has been obtained. The BFM is probably a back arc basin basalt (BABB). Pod and schlieren chromite compositions suggest an island arc environment for the BMC itself. The poorly defined, informal \"Conowingo Creek metabasalt\" of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, occurs on the north margin of the BMC and appears to be a fore arc boninite. The BFM and associated ultramafic fragments serve as a field-mappable marker for the structural equivalent of the Baie Verte-Brompton line in southeastern Pennsylvania and northern Maryland. Steatization of the associated ultramafic fragments has produced zones of extremely low competence that facilitated and localized thrusts of presumed Silurian age and later Alleghanian folding. The KSA typically occurs as much larger bodies having lengths of 3 km and composed of dark, medium-grained hornblende-plagioclase-clinopyroxene gneiss. No ultramafic rocks or me??lange have been recognized with the KSA. In Pennsylvania, the KSA appears to be restricted to a single belt on the south side of the Brandywine massifs. The KSA is transitional from N-OFB (Normal-Ocean Floor Basalt, which can be generated in a variety of oceanic spreading center environments) on the east to P=E-OFB (Plume=Enriched Ocean Floor Basalt, also generated in spreading centers) on the west, suggesting an evolving tectonomagmatic environment. It may be affiliated with the Wilmington Complex.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01941453","usgsCitation":"Smith, R., 2006, Bald Friar Metabasalt and Kennett Square Amphibolite: Two Iapetan Ocean Floor Basalts: Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences, v. 28, no. 3, p. 238-253.","startPage":"238","endPage":"253","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efabe4b0c8380cd4a3bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, R.C. II","contributorId":74936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.C.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70028639,"text":"70028639 - 2006 - Factors influencing soil invertebrate communities in riparian grasslands of the central platte river floodplain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-15T10:09:21","indexId":"70028639","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors influencing soil invertebrate communities in riparian grasslands of the central platte river floodplain","docAbstract":"In the Platte River Valley of central Nebraska, USA, riparian grasslands (also known as wet meadows) have been severely impacted by a reduction in river flows, causing lower ground-water levels and altered seasonal hydroperiods. The potential impacts of these hydrologic changes, as well as the environmental factors that influence wet meadow soil invertebrate communities, are not well understood. An understanding of the ecological processes that influence these invertebrate communities is crucial for maintaining and restoring wet meadows along the Platte River. Our objectives were to describe the soil invertebrate community of wet meadows throughout the growing season and to examine the relative roles of abiotic factors in determining patterns in invertebrate community structure. We conducted the study in 12 wet meadows along the Platte River during 1999 and 2000. We identified 73 invertebrate taxa; 39 were considered soil inhabitants. Total biomass was primarily composed of earthworms, Scarabaeidae, Isopoda, and Elateridae, with earthworms and Scarabaeidae accounting for >82%. Differences in river flow and precipitation patterns influenced some soil invertebrates. Earthworms and Scarabaeidae declined dramatically from 1999 (wet year) to 2000 (dry year). The topographic gradient created by the ridge-swale complex affected several soil invertebrate taxa; Scarabaeidae, Diplopoda, and Lepidoptera biomasses were greatest on drier ridges, while Tipulidae and Isopoda biomasscs were greatest in wetter sloughs. Responses of earthworm taxa to the topographic gradient were variable, but generally, greater biomasses occurred on ridges and mid-elevations. Water-table depth and soil moisture were the most important variables influencing wet meadow soil invertebrates. Because these communities are linked to the hydrologic processes of the Platte River, future alterations of wet meadow hydrology could shift the distribution patterns of many of these invertebrates and possibly eliminate more moisture-tolerant taxa. To maintain wet meadows and their biotic communities, flow management should focus on regaining as much as possible of the former hydrograph through properly timed flows that provide an adequate hydrologic regime for wet meadows. In addition, restoration of wet meadows will depend on restoring the natural topography of wet meadows. ?? 2006, The Society of Wetland Scientists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[438:FISICI]2.0.CO;2","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Davis, C., Austin, J.E., and Buhl, D., 2006, Factors influencing soil invertebrate communities in riparian grasslands of the central platte river floodplain: Wetlands, v. 26, no. 2, p. 438-454, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[438:FISICI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"438","endPage":"454","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":209791,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[438:FISICI]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.2017822265625,\n              41.18278832811288\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.0040283203125,\n              41.18278832811288\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.0040283203125,\n              41.281934557995356\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.2017822265625,\n              41.281934557995356\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.2017822265625,\n              41.18278832811288\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ecae4b0c8380cd5361c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, C.A.","contributorId":68819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Austin, J. E.","contributorId":5999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buhl, D. A. 0000-0002-8563-5990","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8563-5990","contributorId":13571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028802,"text":"70028802 - 2006 - Effects of human recreation on the incubation behavior of American Oystercatchers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028802","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of human recreation on the incubation behavior of American Oystercatchers","docAbstract":"Human recreational disturbance and its effects on wildlife demographics and behavior is an increasingly important area of research. We monitored the nesting success of American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) in coastal North Carolina in 2002 and 2003. We also used video monitoring at nests to measure the response of incubating birds to human recreation. We counted the number of trips per hour made by adult birds to and from the nest, and we calculated the percent time that adults spent incubating. We asked whether human recreational activities (truck, all-terrain vehicle [ATV], and pedestrian traffic) were correlated with parental behavioral patterns. Eleven a priori models of nest survival and behavioral covariates were evaluated using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) to see whether incubation behavior influenced nest survival. Factors associated with birds leaving their nests (n = 548) included ATV traffic (25%), truck traffic (17%), pedestrian traffic (4%), aggression with neighboring oystercatchers or paired birds exchanging incubation duties (26%), airplane traffic (1%) and unknown factors (29%). ATV traffic was positively associated with the rate of trips to and away from the nest (??1 = 0.749, P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with percent time spent incubating (??1 = -0.037, P = 0.025). Other forms of human recreation apparently had little effect on incubation behaviors. Nest survival models incorporating the frequency of trips by adults to and from the nest, and the percentage of time adults spent incubating, were somewhat supported in the AIC analyses. A low frequency of trips to and from the nest and, counter to expectations, low percent time spent incubating were associated with higher daily nest survival rates. These data suggest that changes in incubation behavior might be one mechanism by which human recreation affects the reproductive success of American Oystercatchers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1676/05-084.1","issn":"15594491","usgsCitation":"McGowan, C., and Simons, T., 2006, Effects of human recreation on the incubation behavior of American Oystercatchers: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 118, no. 4, p. 485-493, https://doi.org/10.1676/05-084.1.","startPage":"485","endPage":"493","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477411,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/240823","text":"External Repository"},{"id":210001,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1676/05-084.1"},{"id":236787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a071ae4b0c8380cd51566","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGowan, C.P.","contributorId":19760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGowan","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simons, T.R.","contributorId":56334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028174,"text":"70028174 - 2006 - Warming and earlier spring increase Western U.S. forest wildfire activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T12:59:04","indexId":"70028174","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Warming and earlier spring increase Western U.S. forest wildfire activity","docAbstract":"<p>Western United States forest wildfire activity is widely thought to have increased in recent decades, yet neither the extent of recent changes nor the degree to which climate may be driving regional changes in wildfire has been systematically documented. Much of the public and scientific discussion of changes in western United States wildfire has focused instead on the effects of 19th- and 20th-century land-use history. We compiled a comprehensive database of large wildfires in western United States forests since 1970 and compared it with hydroclimatic and land-surface data. Here, we show that large wildfire activity increased suddenly and markedly in the mid-1980s, with higher large-wildfire frequency, longer wildfire durations, and longer wildfire seasons. The greatest increases occurred in mid-elevation, Northern Rockies forests, where land-use histories have relatively little effect on fire risks and are strongly associated with increased spring and summer temperatures and an earlier spring snowmelt.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.1128834","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Westerling, A., Hidalgo, H., Cayan, D., and Swetnam, T., 2006, Warming and earlier spring increase Western U.S. forest wildfire activity: Science, v. 313, no. 5789, p. 940-943, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1128834.","startPage":"940","endPage":"943","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487564,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/313/5789/940","text":"External Repository"},{"id":237333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210423,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1128834"}],"volume":"313","issue":"5789","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc3c8e4b08c986b32b39e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Westerling, A.L.","contributorId":49562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westerling","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hidalgo, H.G.","contributorId":81229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hidalgo","given":"H.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":416909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swetnam, T.W.","contributorId":95433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swetnam","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028125,"text":"70028125 - 2006 - Near real-time monitoring and mapping of specific conductivity levels across Lake Texoma, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028125","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Near real-time monitoring and mapping of specific conductivity levels across Lake Texoma, USA","docAbstract":"A submersible sonde equipped with a specific conductivity probe, linked with a global positioning satellite receiver was developed, deployed on a small boat, and used to map spatial and temporal variations in specific conductivity in a large reservoir. 7,695 sample points were recorded during 8 sampling trips. Specific conductivity ranged from 442 uS/cm to 3,378 uS/cm over the nine-month study. The data showed five statistically different zones in the reservoir: 2 different riverine zones, 2 different riverine transition zones, and a lacustrine zone (the main lake zone). These data were imported to a geographic information system where they were spatially interpolated to generate 8 maps showing specific conductivity levels across the entire surface of the lake. The highly dynamic nature of water quality, due to the widely differing nature of the rivers that flow into the reservoir and the effect of large inflows of fresh water during winter storms is easily captured and visualized using this approach. ?? Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10661-005-9072-x","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Atkinson, S., and Mabe, J., 2006, Near real-time monitoring and mapping of specific conductivity levels across Lake Texoma, USA: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 120, no. 1-3, p. 449-460, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-9072-x.","startPage":"449","endPage":"460","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210229,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-9072-x"},{"id":237089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a63d3e4b0c8380cd72704","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atkinson, S.F.","contributorId":105902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mabe, J.A.","contributorId":47566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mabe","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028898,"text":"70028898 - 2006 - Abundance and distribution of selected elements in soils, stream sediments, and selected forage plants from desert tortoise habitats in the Mojave and Colorado deserts, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:41","indexId":"70028898","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abundance and distribution of selected elements in soils, stream sediments, and selected forage plants from desert tortoise habitats in the Mojave and Colorado deserts, USA","docAbstract":"A baseline and background chemical survey was conducted in southeastern California, USA, to identify potential sources of toxicants in natural and anthropogenically-altered habitats of the threatened desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). Soil, stream sediment, and plant samples were collected from six tortoise habitat study areas in the Mojave and Colorado deserts and analysed for up to 66 different elements. The chemical analyses provided new information on the abundances and distributions of selected elements in this region. Soil, stream-sediment, and plant analyses showed distinct variations in bulk chemistries from locality to locality. Variations were, in general, consistent with the many types of exposed rock units in the region, their highly variable bulk mineralogies, and chemical contents. Of elements in soils that might have been toxic to tortoises, only As seemed to be anomalous region-wide. Some soil and plant anomalies were clearly anthropogenic. In the Rand and Atolia mining districts, soil anomalies for As, Au, Cd, Hg, Sb, and(or) W and plant anomalies for As, Sb, and(or) W extend as far as ???15 km outward from the present area of mining; soils containing anomalous Hg were found at least 6 km away from old piles of tailings. The anomalous concentrations of As and Hg may have been the source of elevated levels of these elements found in ill tortoises from the region. In the Goldstone mining district, soil anomalies extended several km from the mining area. These areas probably represented anthropogenic surface contamination of dust redistributed by wind, vehicles, and rainfall. One of two study areas transected by a paved road (Chemehuevi Valley) showed weakly elevated levels of Pb, which extended as far as ???22 m from the pavement edge and were probably related to vehicle exhaust. No soil or plant samples from historically used military areas (Goldstone, Goffs, Chemehuevi Valley, Chuckwalla Bench) contained anomalous concentrations of the elements As, Cu, Cr, Fe, Pb, or Zn that could be ascribed to military maneuvers, vehicles, or ordnance. For future studies, the distribution and abundance of elements in the tortoise forage plants need to be evaluated for the respective roles of dust and systemic uptake. Additional chemical data from tortoise necropsies and nutritional studies are needed to determine the effects of potentially toxic elements in tortoise habitats on their health. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.018","issn":"01401963","usgsCitation":"Chaffee, M., and Berry, K., 2006, Abundance and distribution of selected elements in soils, stream sediments, and selected forage plants from desert tortoise habitats in the Mojave and Colorado deserts, USA: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 67, no. SUPPL., p. 35-87, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.018.","startPage":"35","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"53","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209906,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.09.018"},{"id":236656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"SUPPL.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e659e4b0c8380cd47365","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaffee, M.A.","contributorId":108049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaffee","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, K.H.","contributorId":17934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030690,"text":"70030690 - 2006 - Rejuvenating restoration of the Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70030690","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1829,"text":"Geotimes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rejuvenating restoration of the Great Lakes","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geotimes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00168556","usgsCitation":"McNeal, J., and Grannemann, N., 2006, Rejuvenating restoration of the Great Lakes: Geotimes, v. 51, no. 5, p. 22-26.","startPage":"22","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a61de4b0e8fec6cdc0c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McNeal, J.M.","contributorId":61817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNeal","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grannemann, N.G.","contributorId":11221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grannemann","given":"N.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028218,"text":"70028218 - 2006 - Effects of structural complexity enhancement on eastern red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus) populations in northern hardwood forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028218","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of structural complexity enhancement on eastern red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus) populations in northern hardwood forests","docAbstract":"Managing for stand structural complexity in northern hardwood forests has been proposed as a method for promoting microhabitat characteristics important to eastern red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus). We evaluated the effects of alternate, structure-based silvicultural systems on red-backed salamander populations at two research sites in northwestern Vermont. Treatments included two uneven-aged approaches (single-tree selection and group-selection) and one unconventional approach, termed \"structural complexity enhancement\" (SCE), that promotes development of late-successional structure, including elevated levels of coarse woody debris (CWD). Treatments were applied to 2 ha units and were replicated two to four times depending on treatment. We surveyed red-backed salamanders with a natural cover search method of transects nested within vegetation plots 1 year after logging. Abundance estimates corrected for detection probability were calculated from survey data with a binomial mixture model. Abundance estimates differed between study areas and were influenced by forest structural characteristics. Model selection was conducted using Akaike Information Criteria, corrected for over-dispersed data and small sample size (QAICc). We found no difference in abundance as a response to treatment as a whole, suggesting that all of the uneven-aged silvicultural systems evaluated can maintain salamander populations after harvest. However, abundance was tied to specific structural habitat attributes associated with study plots within treatments. The most parsimonious model of habitat covariates included site, relative density of overstory trees, and density of more-decayed and less-decayed downed CWD. Abundance responded positively to the density of downed, well-decayed CWD and negatively to the density of poorly decayed CWD and to overstory relative density. CWD volume was not a strong predictor of salamander abundance. We conclude that structural complexity enhancement and the two uneven-aged approaches maintained important microhabitat characteristics for red-backed salamander populations in the short term. Over the long-term, given decay processes as a determinant of biological availability, forestry practices such as SCE that enhance CWD availability and recruitment may result in associated population responses. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2006.04.034","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"McKenny, H., Keeton, W., and Donovan, T., 2006, Effects of structural complexity enhancement on eastern red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus) populations in northern hardwood forests: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 230, no. 1-3, p. 186-196, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.04.034.","startPage":"186","endPage":"196","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210127,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.04.034"},{"id":236953,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"230","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07e3e4b0c8380cd518a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKenny, H.C.","contributorId":7486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenny","given":"H.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeton, W.S.","contributorId":35936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeton","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Donovan, T.M.","contributorId":91602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028137,"text":"70028137 - 2006 - The giant Carlin gold province: A protracted interplay of orogenic, basinal, and hydrothermal processes above a lithospheric boundary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70028137","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The giant Carlin gold province: A protracted interplay of orogenic, basinal, and hydrothermal processes above a lithospheric boundary","docAbstract":"Northern Nevada hosts the only province that contains multiple world-class Carlin-type gold deposits. The first-order control on the uniqueness of this province is its anomalous far back-arc tectonic setting over the rifted North American paleocontinental margin that separates Precambrian from Phanerozoic subcontinental lithospheric mantle. Globally, most other significant gold provinces form in volcanic arcs and accreted terranes proximal to convergent margins. In northern Nevada, periodic reactivation of basement faults along this margin focused and amplified subsequent geological events. Early basement faults localized Devonian synsedimentary extension and normal faulting. These controlled the geometry of the Devonian sedimentary basin architecture and focused the discharge of basinal brines that deposited syngenetic gold along the basin margins. Inversion of these basins and faults during subsequent contraction produced the complex elongate structural culminations that characterize the anomalous mineral deposit \"trends.\" Subsequently, these features localized repeated episodes of shallow magmatic and hydrothermal activity that also deposited some gold. During a pulse of Eocene extension, these faults focused advection of Carlin-type fluids, which had the opportunity to leach gold from gold-enriched sequences and deposit it in reactive miogeoclinal host rocks below the hydrologic seal at the Roberts Mountain thrust contact. Hence, the vast endowment of the Carlin province resulted from the conjunction of spatially superposed events localized by long-lived basement structures in a highly anomalous tectonic setting, rather than by the sole operation of special magmatic or fluid-related processes. An important indicator of the longevity of this basement control is the superposition of different gold deposit types (e.g., Sedex, porphyry, Carlin-type, epithermal, and hot spring deposits) that formed repeatedly between the Devonian and Miocene time along the trends. Interestingly, the large Cretaceous Alaska-Yukon intrusion-related gold deposits (e.g., Fort Knox) are associated with the northern extension of the same lithospheric margin in the Selwyn basin, which experienced an analogous series of geologic events. ?? Springer-Verlag 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineralium Deposita","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00126-006-0085-3","issn":"00264598","usgsCitation":"Emsbo, P., Groves, D., Hofstra, A., and Bierlein, F., 2006, The giant Carlin gold province: A protracted interplay of orogenic, basinal, and hydrothermal processes above a lithospheric boundary: Mineralium Deposita, v. 41, no. 6, p. 517-525, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-006-0085-3.","startPage":"517","endPage":"525","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210393,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-006-0085-3"},{"id":237298,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac84e4b08c986b32354f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emsbo, P.","contributorId":59901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emsbo","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Groves, D.I.","contributorId":73616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groves","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hofstra, A. H. 0000-0002-2450-1593","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":41426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bierlein, F.P.","contributorId":74945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bierlein","given":"F.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028662,"text":"70028662 - 2006 - Coulomb stress transfer and tectonic loading preceding the 2002 Denali fault earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-26T14:03:11","indexId":"70028662","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coulomb stress transfer and tectonic loading preceding the 2002 Denali fault earthquake","docAbstract":"<p><span>Pre-2002 tectonic loading and Coulomb stress transfer are modeled along the rupture zone of the </span><strong>M</strong><span> 7.9 Denali fault earthquake (</span><span class=\"sc\">DFE</span><span>) and on adjacent segments of the right-lateral Denali–Totschunda fault system in central Alaska, using a three-dimensional boundary-element program. The segments modeled closely follow, for about 95°, the arc of a circle of radius 375 km centered on an inferred asperity near the northeastern end of the intersection of the Patton Bay fault with the Alaskan megathrust under Prince William Sound. The loading model includes slip of 6 mm/yr below 12 km along the fault system, consistent with rotation of the Wrangell block about the asperity at a rate of about 1°/m.y. as well as slip of the Pacific plate at 5 cm/yr at depth along the Fairweather–Queen Charlotte transform fault system and on the Alaska megathrust. The model is consistent with most available pre-2002 Global Positioning System (</span><span class=\"sc\">GPS</span><span>) displacement rate data. Coulomb stresses induced on the Denali–Totschunda fault system (locked above 12 km) by slip at depth and by transfer from the </span><strong>M</strong><span> 9.2 Prince William Sound earthquake of 1964 dominated the changing Coulomb stress distribution along the fault. The combination of loading (∼70–85%) and coseismic stress transfer from the great 1964 earthquake (∼15–30%) were the principal post-1900 stress factors building toward strike-slip failure of the northern Denali and Totschunda segments in the </span><strong>M</strong><span> 7.9 earthquake of November 2002. Postseismic stresses transferred from the 1964 earthquake may also have been a significant factor. The </span><strong>M</strong><span> 7.2–7.4 Delta River earthquake of 1912 (</span><span id=\"xref-ref-6-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\">Carver <i>et al.</i>, 2004</span><span>) may have delayed or advanced the timing of the </span><span class=\"sc\">DFE</span><span>, depending on the details and location of its rupture. The initial subevent of the 2002 </span><span class=\"sc\">DFE</span><span> earthquake was on the 40-km Susitna Glacier thrust fault at the western end of the Denali fault rupture. The Coulomb stress transferred from the 1964 earthquake moved the Susitna Glacier thrust fault uniformly away from thrust failure by about 100 kPa. The initiation of the Denali fault earthquake was advanced by transfer of 30–50 kPa of positive Coulomb stress to the Susitna Glacier fault (</span><span id=\"xref-ref-1-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\">Anderson and Ji, 2003</span><span>) by the nearby </span><strong>M</strong><span> 6.7 Nenana Mountain foreshock of 23 October 2002. The regional tectonic loading model used here suggests that the Semidi (Alaska Peninsula) segment of the megathrust that ruptured in 1938 (</span><strong>M</strong><span> 8.2) may be reloaded and approaching failure.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120050007","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Bufe, C.G., 2006, Coulomb stress transfer and tectonic loading preceding the 2002 Denali fault earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 5, p. 1662-1674, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050007.","productDescription":"13","startPage":"1662","endPage":"1674","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc84e4b0c8380cd4e2c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bufe, Charles G. cbufe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bufe","given":"Charles","email":"cbufe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":419114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70030509,"text":"70030509 - 2006 - Reproductive and early life stages pathology - Histopathology workshop report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-13T16:58:20","indexId":"70030509","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1123,"text":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproductive and early life stages pathology - Histopathology workshop report","docAbstract":"<p>Pathology occurring during reproduction and larval development represents an important part of the life cycle of fish, and the diseases that affect eggs and larvae often result in significant losses. However, mortality during this period is frequently ignored or poorly researched as the temptation is to replace the losses rather than investigate the causes. A histopathology workshop organised at the newly refurnished laboratory within the Danish Veterinary School was an opportunity to discuss the pathology of selected diseases associated with Reproductive and Early Life Stages Pathology. Several people also kindly provided reference slides.</p>","language":"English","issn":"01080288","usgsCitation":"Bruno, D., Nowak, B., and Elliott, D.G., 2006, Reproductive and early life stages pathology - Histopathology workshop report: Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, v. 26, no. 1, p. 55-56.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":319855,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://eafp.org/bulletin-archive/"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa8b5e4b0c8380cd85a32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bruno, D.W.","contributorId":44319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruno","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nowak, B.","contributorId":84948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowak","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elliott, Diane G. 0000-0002-4809-6692 dgelliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-6692","contributorId":2947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Diane","email":"dgelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":427420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030366,"text":"70030366 - 2006 - Both msa genes in Renibacterium salmoninarum are needed for full virulence in bacterial kidney disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-12T16:13:25","indexId":"70030366","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Both msa genes in Renibacterium salmoninarum are needed for full virulence in bacterial kidney disease","docAbstract":"<p>Renibacterium salmoninarum, a gram-positive diplococcobacillus that causes bacterial kidney disease among salmon and trout, has two chromosomal loci encoding the major soluble antigen (msa) gene. Because the MSA protein is widely suspected to be an important virulence factor, we used insertion-duplication mutagenesis to generate disruptions of either the msa1 or msa2 gene. Surprisingly, expression of MSA protein in broth cultures appeared unaffected. However, the virulence of either mutant in juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) by intraperitoneal challenge was severely attenuated, suggesting that disruption of the msa1 or msa2 gene affected in vivo expression. Copyright ?? 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/AEM.72.4.2672-2678.2006","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Coady, A., Murray, A., Elliott, D., and Rhodes, L., 2006, Both msa genes in Renibacterium salmoninarum are needed for full virulence in bacterial kidney disease: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 72, no. 4, p. 2672-2678, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.72.4.2672-2678.2006.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2672","endPage":"2678","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477592,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.4.2672-2678.2006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212122,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.72.4.2672-2678.2006"}],"volume":"72","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f225e4b0c8380cd4b02b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coady, A.M.","contributorId":60856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coady","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murray, A.L.","contributorId":70151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elliott, D.G.","contributorId":58226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rhodes, L.D.","contributorId":35948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhodes","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70182548,"text":"70182548 - 2006 - The MODIS reprojection tool","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T15:48:23","indexId":"70182548","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The MODIS reprojection tool","docAbstract":"<p><span>The MODIS Reprojection Tool (MRT) is designed to help individuals work with MODIS Level-2G, Level-3, and Level-4 land data products. These products are referenced to a global tiling scheme in which each tile is approximately 10° latitude by 10° longitude and non-overlapping (Fig. 9.1). If desired, the user may reproject only selected portions of the product (spatial or parameter subsetting). The software may also be used to convert MODIS products to file formats (generic binary and GeoTIFF) that are more readily compatible with existing software packages. The MODIS land products distributed by the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC) are in the Hierarchical Data Format - Earth Observing System (HDF-EOS), developed by the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign for the NASA EOS Program. Each HDF-EOS file is comprised of one or more science data sets (SDSs) corresponding to geophysical or biophysical parameters. Metadata are embedded in the HDF file as well as contained in a .met file that is associated with each HDF-EOS file. The MRT supports 8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit integer data (both signed and unsigned), as well as 32-bit float data. The data type of the output is the same as the data type of each corresponding input SDS.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth science satellite remote sensing— Data, computational processing, and tools","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Berlin, Germany","usgsCitation":"Dwyer, J.L., and Schmidt, G.L., 2006, The MODIS reprojection tool, chap. <i>of</i> Earth science satellite remote sensing— Data, computational processing, and tools, p. 162-177.","productDescription":"16 p. ","startPage":"162","endPage":"177","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336203,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b1543ee4b01ccd54fc5ebb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Qu, J.J.","contributorId":182468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Qu","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671532,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gao, W.","contributorId":42031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gao","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671533,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kafatos, M.","contributorId":23753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kafatos","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671534,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murphy, R.E.","contributorId":182469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671535,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Salomonson, V.V.","contributorId":61968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salomonson","given":"V.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671536,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Dwyer, John L. 0000-0002-8281-0896","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-0896","contributorId":6136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, Gail L. 0000-0002-9684-8158 gschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9684-8158","contributorId":3475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Gail","email":"gschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70184332,"text":"70184332 - 2006 - Changes in organic matter biodegradatility influencing sulfate reduction in an aquifer contaminated by landfill leachate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T14:33:10","indexId":"70184332","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2729,"text":"Microbial Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in organic matter biodegradatility influencing sulfate reduction in an aquifer contaminated by landfill leachate","docAbstract":"<p><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">In situ</i><span> experiments were conducted to measure sulfate reduction rates and identify rate-limiting factors in a shallow, alluvial aquifer contaminated with municipal landfill leachate. Single-well, push–pull tests conducted in a well adjacent to the landfill with &gt;8&nbsp;mM dissolved organic carbon (DOC) exhibited a sulfate reduction rate of 3.2&nbsp;μmol SO</span><sub>4</sub><sup>−2</sup><span> (L sediment)</span><sup>−1</sup><span> day</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, a value in close agreement with laboratory-derived estimates. Identical tests conducted in wells located 90&nbsp;m downgradient where DOC levels remained high (&gt;3&nbsp;mM) showed no detectable sulfate consumption, and laboratory assays confirmed this observation. However, the rates of sulfate reduction in sediment samples obtained from this site were three times larger when they were amended with filter-sterilized groundwater from the upgradient location. The effect of various amendments on sulfate reduction rates was further examined in laboratory incubations using sediment collected from the downgradient site amended with </span><sup>35</sup><span>S sulfate. Unamended sediments showed only weak conversion of the tracer to </span><sup>35</sup><span>S sulfide (5 to 7&nbsp;cpm/cm</span><sup>2</sup><span>), whereas the addition of </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Desulfovibrio</i><span> cells increased </span><sup>35</sup><span>S sulfide production to 44&nbsp;cpm/cm</span><sup>2</sup><span>. However, the application of heat-killed </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Desulfovibrio</i><span> had a similar stimulatory effect, as did a lactate amendment. Collectively, these findings indicate that the lack of measurable sulfate reduction at the downgradient site was not due to the absence of the necessary metabolic potential, the presence of lower sulfate concentration, or the quantity of electron donor, but by its biodegradability. The findings also indicate that field bioaugmentation attempts should be interpreted with caution.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","doi":"10.1007/s00248-006-9043-y","usgsCitation":"Harris, S.H., Istok, J.D., and Suflita, J.M., 2006, Changes in organic matter biodegradatility influencing sulfate reduction in an aquifer contaminated by landfill leachate: Microbial Ecology, v. 51, no. 4, p. 535-542, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-006-9043-y.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"535","endPage":"542","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336960,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd4ffe4b014cc3a3ba536","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, Steve H. Jr.","contributorId":54889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Steve","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Istok, Jonathan D.","contributorId":35468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Istok","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Suflita, Joseph M.","contributorId":187604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suflita","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1008620,"text":"1008620 - 2006 - Spatial heterogeneity influences native and nonnative plant species richness","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:26","indexId":"1008620","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial heterogeneity influences native and nonnative plant species richness","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kumar, S., Stohlgren, T., and Chong, G., 2006, Spatial heterogeneity influences native and nonnative plant species richness: Ecology, v. 87, no. 12, p. 3186-3199.","productDescription":"p. 3186-3199","startPage":"3186","endPage":"3199","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6d08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kumar, S.","contributorId":89843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chong, G.W.","contributorId":54153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chong","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1008652,"text":"1008652 - 2006 - Yellowstone bison fetal development and phenology of parturition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:25","indexId":"1008652","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Yellowstone bison fetal development and phenology of parturition","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Gogan, P., Podruzny, K., Olexa, E., Ihsle Pac, H., and Frey, K., 2006, Yellowstone bison fetal development and phenology of parturition: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 69, p. 1716-1730.","productDescription":"p. 1716-1730","startPage":"1716","endPage":"1730","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de465","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gogan, P.J.P.","contributorId":53337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gogan","given":"P.J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Podruzny, K.M.","contributorId":54154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Podruzny","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olexa, E.M.","contributorId":108063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olexa","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ihsle Pac, H.","contributorId":29772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ihsle Pac","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frey, K.L.","contributorId":95014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frey","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1016559,"text":"1016559 - 2006 - Insect visitation and pollen deposition in an invaded prairie plant community","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T12:35:57","indexId":"1016559","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Insect visitation and pollen deposition in an invaded prairie plant community","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2005.12.009","usgsCitation":"Larson, D., Royer, R., and Royer, M., 2006, Insect visitation and pollen deposition in an invaded prairie plant community: Biological Conservation, v. 130, p. 148-159, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.12.009.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"148","endPage":"159","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11886,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.12.009","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"130","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d91a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, D.L. 0000-0001-5202-0634","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5202-0634","contributorId":69501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":324374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royer, R.A.","contributorId":99500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royer","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Royer, M.R.","contributorId":81456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royer","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028583,"text":"70028583 - 2006 - Use of the oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus, as a prey organism for toxicant exposure of fish through the diet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028583","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of the oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus, as a prey organism for toxicant exposure of fish through the diet","docAbstract":"The oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus, has several characteristics that make it desirable as a prey organism for conducting dietary exposure studies with fish. We conducted 21- and 30-d experiments with young fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), respectively, to determine whether a diet consisting solely of L. variegatus would support normal growth and to compare performance with standard diets (Artemia nauplii, frozen brine shrimp, or trout chow). All diets were readily accepted, and fish survived and grew well. Food conversion in both fathead minnows and rainbow trout was as high as or higher for the oligochaete diet compared with others, although this comparison is influenced by differences in ration, ingestion rate, or both. The oligochaete diet had gross nutritional analysis similar to the other diets, and meets fish nutrition guidelines for protein and essential amino acids. Methodologies and practical considerations for successfully using oligochaetes as an experimental diet are discussed. Considering their ready acceptance by fish, their apparent nutritional sufficiency, the ease of culturing large numbers, and the ease with which they can be loaded with exogenous chemicals, we believe that L. variegatus represents an excellent choice of exposure vector for exposing fish to toxicants via the diet. ?? 2006 SETAC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/06-138.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Mount, D., Highland, T., Mattson, V., Dawson, T., Lott, K., and Ingersoll, C., 2006, Use of the oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus, as a prey organism for toxicant exposure of fish through the diet: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 25, no. 10, p. 2760-2767, https://doi.org/10.1897/06-138.1.","startPage":"2760","endPage":"2767","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209991,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/06-138.1"},{"id":236775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf9ee4b08c986b329c80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mount, D.R.","contributorId":13774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mount","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Highland, T.L.","contributorId":52387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Highland","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mattson, V.R.","contributorId":82909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattson","given":"V.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dawson, T.D.","contributorId":42738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lott, K.G.","contributorId":91674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lott","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70028550,"text":"70028550 - 2006 - High efficiency of meiotic gynogenesis in sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028550","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2281,"text":"Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High efficiency of meiotic gynogenesis in sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus","docAbstract":"Induction of androgenesis and gynogenesis by applying a pressure (PS) or heat shock (HS) to double the haploid chromosomal set results in progenies possessing only chromosomes from a single parent. This has never been accomplished in representatives of Agnatha. The objective of this study was to induce gynogenesis and androgenesis in sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus. For gynogenesis experiments, ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated sperm was used to activate sea lamprey eggs and HS or PS were applied to inhibit the second meiotic division and consequently induce diploidy in the embryos. The UV irradiation of immobilized sperm was performed for 1 min at 1,719 J m-2. HS of 35 ?? 1??C for 2 min and PS of 9,000 psi for 4 min were applied at different times after egg activation (8, 12, 20, and 24 min or 8, 16, and 24 min for HS or PS, respectively). Regardless of the induction time of the HS, survivals at pre-hatching stage were similar. In contrast, PS applied 8 min after activation appears to increase survival rate of pre-hatched embryos in comparison to 16 and 24 min after activation. In control groups, without shock treatment (no diploidization), there were no survivors. All deformed, gynogenetic embryos were confirmed to be haploids and died prior to burying themselves in the sand. We confirmed by flow cytometry that progenies produced using both shock methods surviving to the next stage, burying in the substrate, were diploid gynogenetic. For the androgenesis experiments, UV-irradiated eggs (1,719 J m-2 for 1 min) were fertilized with non-treated sperm and HS was applied to restore diploidy of the eggs. Several attempts have been made to optimize the parameters used. HS of 35 ?? 1??C was applied 110, 140, 170, 200, and 230 min after activation for 2 min. Low yields of androgens were obtained and all animals died within a week after hatching. These techniques will allow to establish meiotic gynogenetic lines of sea lamprey for determining sex differentiation in this species and to analyze its hormonal and environmental regulation. ?? 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/jez.b.21111","issn":"15525007","usgsCitation":"Rinchard, J., Dabrowski, K., and Garcia-Abiado, M.#., 2006, High efficiency of meiotic gynogenesis in sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus: Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution, v. 306, no. 6, p. 521-527, https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.21111.","startPage":"521","endPage":"527","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209971,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.21111"},{"id":236742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"306","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30bbe4b0c8380cd5d8c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rinchard, J.","contributorId":79290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinchard","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dabrowski, K.","contributorId":55208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dabrowski","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garcia-Abiado, M. #NAME?","contributorId":31271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia-Abiado","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"#NAME?","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028401,"text":"70028401 - 2006 - The global abundance and size distribution of lakes, ponds, and impoundments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T19:37:53","indexId":"70028401","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The global abundance and size distribution of lakes, ponds, and impoundments","docAbstract":"One of the major impediments to the integration of lentic ecosystems into global environmental analyses has been fragmentary data on the extent and size distribution of lakes, ponds, and impoundments. We use new data sources, enhanced spatial resolution, and new analytical approaches to provide new estimates of the global abundance of surface-water bodies. A global model based on the Pareto distribution shows that the global extent of natural lakes is twice as large as previously known (304 million lakes; 4.2 million km 2 in area) and is dominated in area by millions of water bodies smaller than 1 km2. Similar analyses of impoundments based on inventories of large, engineered dams show that impounded waters cover approximately 0.26 million km2. However, construction of low-tech farm impoundments is estimated to be between 0.1 % and 6% of farm area worldwide, dependent upon precipitation, and represents >77,000 km 2 globally, at present. Overall, about 4.6 million km2 of the earth's continental \"land\" surface (>3%) is covered by water. These analyses underscore the importance of explicitly considering lakes, ponds, and impoundments, especially small ones, in global analyses of rates and processes. ?? 2006, by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.4319/lo.2006.51.5.2388","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Downing, J.A., Prairie, Y., Cole, J.J., Duarte, C., Tranvik, L., Striegl, R.G., McDowell, W.H., Kortelainen, P., Caraco, N., Melack, J., and Middelburg, J.J., 2006, The global abundance and size distribution of lakes, ponds, and impoundments: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 51, no. 5, p. 2388-2397, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2006.51.5.2388.","startPage":"2388","endPage":"2397","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265989,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2006.51.5.2388"}],"volume":"51","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac89e4b08c986b323570","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Downing, J. A.","contributorId":100466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prairie, Y.T.","contributorId":72191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prairie","given":"Y.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cole, J. J.","contributorId":25746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cole","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duarte, C.M.","contributorId":64017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duarte","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tranvik, L.J.","contributorId":82912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tranvik","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":417906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McDowell, W. H.","contributorId":88532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDowell","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kortelainen, Pirkko","contributorId":43130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kortelainen","given":"Pirkko","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Caraco, N.F.","contributorId":47150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caraco","given":"N.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Melack, J.M.","contributorId":59164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melack","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Middelburg, J. J.","contributorId":105417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middelburg","given":"J.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70028525,"text":"70028525 - 2006 - Regional Kendall test for trend","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-27T14:25:07","indexId":"70028525","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional Kendall test for trend","docAbstract":"<p>Trends in environmental variables are often investigated within a study region at more than one site. At each site, a trend analysis determines whether a trend has occurred. Yet often also of interest is whether a consistent trend is evident throughout the entire region. This paper adapts the Seasonal Kendall trend test to determine whether a consistent regional trend occurs in environmental variables.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es051650b","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Helsel, D., and Frans, L., 2006, Regional Kendall test for trend: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 13, p. 4066-4073, https://doi.org/10.1021/es051650b.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"4066","endPage":"4073","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209686,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es051650b"}],"volume":"40","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a487e4b0e8fec6cdbb7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helsel, D.R.","contributorId":57448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helsel","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7242,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":418463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frans, L.M.","contributorId":74803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frans","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028353,"text":"70028353 - 2006 - The atmospheres of Saturn and Titan in the near-infrared: First results of Cassini/Vims","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028353","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1429,"text":"Earth, Moon and Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The atmospheres of Saturn and Titan in the near-infrared: First results of Cassini/Vims","docAbstract":"The wide spectral coverage and extensive spatial, temporal, and phase-angle mapping capabilities of the Visual Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) onboard the Cassini-Huygens Orbiter are producing fundamental new insights into the nature of the atmospheres of Saturn and Titan. For both bodies, VIMS maps over time and solar phase angles provide information for a multitude of atmospheric constituents and aerosol layers, providing new insights into atmospheric structure and dynamical and chemical processes. For Saturn, salient early results include evidence for phosphine depletion in relatively dark and less cloudy belts at temperate and mid-latitudes compared to the relatively bright and cloudier Equatorial Region, consistent with traditional theories of belts being regions of relative downwelling. Additional Saturn results include (1) the mapping of enhanced trace gas absorptions at the south pole, and (2) the first high phase-angle, high-spatial-resolution imagery of CH4 fluorescence. An additional fundamental new result is the first nighttime near-infrared mapping of Saturn, clearly showing discrete meteorological features relatively deep in the atmosphere beneath the planet's sunlit haze and cloud layers, thus revealing a new dynamical regime at depth where vertical dynamics is relatively more important than zonal dynamics in determining cloud morphology. Zonal wind measurements at deeper levels than previously available are achieved by tracking these features over multiple days, thereby providing measurements of zonal wind shears within Saturn's troposphere when compared to cloudtop movements measured in reflected sunlight. For Titan, initial results include (1) the first detection and mapping of thermal emission spectra of CO, CO2, and CH3D on Titan's nightside limb, (2) the mapping of CH4 fluorescence over the dayside bright limb, extending to ??? 750 km altitude, (3) wind measurements of ???0.5 ms-1, favoring prograde, from the movement of a persistent (multiple months) south polar cloud near 88??S latitude, and (4) the imaging of two transient mid-southern-latitude cloud features. ?? Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth, Moon and Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11038-005-9058-2","issn":"01679295","usgsCitation":"Baines, K.H., Momary, T., Buratti, B.J., Matson, D.L., Nelson, R., Drossart, P., Sicardy, B., Formisano, V., Bellucci, G., Coradini, A., Griffith, C., Brown, R.H., Bibring, J., Langevin, Y., Capaccioni, F., Cerroni, P., Clark, R.N., Combes, M., Cruikshank, D.P., Jaumann, R., McCordt, T., Mennella, V., Nicholson, P.D., and Sotin, C., 2006, The atmospheres of Saturn and Titan in the near-infrared: First results of Cassini/Vims: Earth, Moon and Planets, v. 96, no. 3-4, p. 119-147, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11038-005-9058-2.","startPage":"119","endPage":"147","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210132,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11038-005-9058-2"},{"id":236961,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9dae4b08c986b322561","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Momary, T.W.","contributorId":40405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Momary","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Matson, D. L.","contributorId":59940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelson, R.M.","contributorId":38316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Drossart, P.","contributorId":29574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drossart","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sicardy, B.","contributorId":57622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sicardy","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Formisano, V.","contributorId":44694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Formisano","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bellucci, G.","contributorId":46256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellucci","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Coradini, A.","contributorId":34679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coradini","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Griffith, C.","contributorId":29190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Bibring, J.-P.","contributorId":86083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bibring","given":"J.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Langevin, Y.","contributorId":24900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Capaccioni, F.","contributorId":90900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capaccioni","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Cerroni, P.","contributorId":7869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cerroni","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Combes, M.","contributorId":66892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Combes","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Cruikshank, D. P.","contributorId":51434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruikshank","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"McCordt, T.B.","contributorId":23746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCordt","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Mennella, V.","contributorId":88522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mennella","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24}]}}
]}