{"pageNumber":"2492","pageRowStart":"62275","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184717,"records":[{"id":70030794,"text":"70030794 - 2006 - Cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al exposure ages of tors and erratics, Cairngorm Mountains, Scotland: Timescales for the development of a classic landscape of selective linear glacial erosion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:20","indexId":"70030794","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al exposure ages of tors and erratics, Cairngorm Mountains, Scotland: Timescales for the development of a classic landscape of selective linear glacial erosion","docAbstract":"The occurrence of tors within glaciated regions has been widely cited as evidence for the preservation of relic pre-Quaternary landscapes beneath protective covers of non-erosive dry-based ice. Here, we test for the preservation of pre-Quaternary landscapes with cosmogenic surface exposure dating of tors. Numerous granite tors are present on summit plateaus in the Cairngorm Mountains of Scotland where they were covered by local ice caps many times during the Pleistocene. Cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al data together with geomorphic relationships reveal that these landforms are more dynamic and younger than previously suspected. Many Cairngorm tors have been bulldozed and toppled along horizontal joints by ice motion, leaving event surfaces on tor remnants and erratics that can be dated with cosmogenic nuclides. As the surfaces have been subject to episodic burial by ice, an exposure model based upon ice and marine sediment core proxies for local glacial cover is necessary to interpret the cosmogenic nuclide data. Exposure ages and weathering characteristics of tors are closely correlated. Glacially modified tors and boulder erratics with slightly weathered surfaces have 10Be exposure ages of about 15 to 43 ka. Nuclide inheritance is present in many of these surfaces. Correction for inheritance indicates that the eastern Cairngorms were deglaciated at 15.6 ?? 0.9 ka. Glacially modified tors with moderate to advanced weathering features have 10Be exposure ages of 19 to 92 ka. These surfaces were only slightly modified during the last glacial cycle and gained much of their exposure during the interstadial of marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 5 or earlier. Tors lacking evidence of glacial modification and exhibiting advanced weathering have 10Be exposure ages between 52 and 297 ka. Nuclide concentrations in these surfaces are probably controlled by bedrock erosion rates instead of discrete glacial events. Maximum erosion rates estimated from 10Be range from 2.8 to 12.0 mm/ka, with an error weighted mean of 4.1 ?? 0.2 mm/ka. Three of these surfaces yield model exposure-plus-burial ages of 295-71+84, 520-141+178, and 626-85+102 ka. A vertical cosmogenic nuclide profile across the oldest sampled tor indicates a long-term emergence rate of 31 ?? 2 mm/ka. These findings show that dry-based ice caps are capable of substantially eroding tors by entraining blocks previously detached by weathering processes. Bedrock surfaces and erratic boulders in such settings are likely to have nuclide inheritance and may yield erroneous (too old) exposure ages. While many Cairngorm tors have survived multiple glacial cycles, rates of regolith stripping and bedrock erosion are too high to permit the widespread preservation of pre-Quaternary rock surfaces. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.06.009","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Phillips, W., Hall, A., Mottram, R., Fifield, L., and Sugden, D., 2006, Cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al exposure ages of tors and erratics, Cairngorm Mountains, Scotland: Timescales for the development of a classic landscape of selective linear glacial erosion: Geomorphology, v. 73, no. 3-4, p. 222-245, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.06.009.","startPage":"222","endPage":"245","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211383,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.06.009"},{"id":238663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc5ee4b0c8380cd4e259","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, W.M.","contributorId":49332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, A.M.","contributorId":40400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mottram, R.","contributorId":63609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mottram","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fifield, L.K.","contributorId":47575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fifield","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sugden, D.E.","contributorId":80072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sugden","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70030851,"text":"70030851 - 2006 - Temporal evolution of carbon budgets of the Appalachian forests in the U.S. from 1972 to 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T16:01:31","indexId":"70030851","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal evolution of carbon budgets of the Appalachian forests in the U.S. from 1972 to 2000","docAbstract":"<p><span>Estimating dynamic terrestrial ecosystem carbon (C) sources and sinks over large areas is difficult. The scaling of C sources and sinks from the field level to the regional level has been challenging due to the variations of climate, soil, vegetation, and disturbances. As part of an effort to estimate the spatial, temporal, and sectional dimensions of the United States C sources and sinks (the U.S. Carbon Trends Project), this study estimated the forest ecosystem C sequestration of the Appalachian region (186,000&nbsp;km</span><sup>2</sup><span>) for the period of 1972–2000 using the General Ensemble Biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS) that has a strong capability of assimilating land use and land cover change (LUCC) data. On 82 sampling blocks in the Appalachian region, GEMS used sequential 60&nbsp;m resolution land cover change maps to capture forest stand-replacing events and used forest inventory data to estimate non-stand-replacing changes. GEMS also used Monte Carlo approaches to deal with spatial scaling issues such as initialization of forest age and soil properties. Ensemble simulations were performed to incorporate the uncertainties of input data. Simulated results show that from 1972 to 2000 the net primary productivity (NPP), net ecosystem productivity (NEP), and net biome productivity (NBP) averaged 6.2&nbsp;Mg&nbsp;C&nbsp;ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;y</span><sup>−1</sup><span> (±1.1), 2.2&nbsp;Mg&nbsp;C&nbsp;ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;y</span><sup>−1</sup><span> (±0.6), and 1.8&nbsp;Mg&nbsp;C&nbsp;ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;y</span><sup>−1</sup><span>(±0.6), respectively. The inter-annual variability was driven mostly by climate. Detailed C budgets for the year 2000 were also calculated. Within a total 148,000&nbsp;km</span><sup>2</sup><span> forested area, average forest ecosystem C density was estimated to be 186&nbsp;Mg&nbsp;C&nbsp;ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span> (±20), of which 98&nbsp;Mg&nbsp;C&nbsp;ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span> (±12) was in biomass and 88&nbsp;Mg&nbsp;C&nbsp;ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span> (±13) was in litter and soil. The total simulated C stock of the Appalachian forests was estimated to be 2751&nbsp;Tg&nbsp;C (±296), including 1454&nbsp;Tg&nbsp;C (±178) in living biomass and 1297&nbsp;Tg&nbsp;C (±192) in litter and soil. The total net C sequestration (i.e. NBP) of the forest ecosystem in 2000 was estimated to be 19.5&nbsp;Tg&nbsp;C&nbsp;y</span><sup>−1</sup><span> (±6.8).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2005.09.028","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Liu, J., Liu, S., and Loveland, T., 2006, Temporal evolution of carbon budgets of the Appalachian forests in the U.S. from 1972 to 2000: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 222, no. 1-3, p. 191-201, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.09.028.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"201","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211689,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.09.028"}],"volume":"222","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba50de4b08c986b32078c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, J.","contributorId":23672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, S.","contributorId":93170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":428939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031176,"text":"70031176 - 2006 - Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, movements in Rainy Lake, Minnesota and Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-06T21:45:01.845269","indexId":"70031176","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, movements in Rainy Lake, Minnesota and Ontario","docAbstract":"<p><span>Rainy Lake, Minnesota-Ontario, contains a native population of Lake Sturgeon (</span><i>Acipenser fulvescens</i><span>) that has gone largely unstudied. The objective of this descriptive study was to summarize generalized Lake Sturgeon movement patterns through the use of biotelemetry. Telemetry data reinforced the high utilization of the Squirrel Falls geographic location by Lake Sturgeon, with 37% of the re-locations occurring in that area. Other spring aggregations occurred in areas associated with Kettle Falls, the Pipestone River, and the Rat River, which could indicate spawning activity. Movement of Lake Sturgeon between the Seine River and the South Arm of Rainy Lake indicates the likelihood of one integrated population on the east end of the South Arm. The lack of re-locations in the Seine River during the months of September and October may have been due to Lake Sturgeon moving into deeper water areas of the Seine River and out of the range of radio telemetry gear or simply moving back into the South Arm. Due to the movements between Minnesota and Ontario, coordination of management efforts among provincial, state, and federal agencies will be important.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","doi":"10.22621/cfn.v120i1.249","issn":"00083550","usgsCitation":"Adams, W., Kallemeyn, L., and Willis, D., 2006, Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, movements in Rainy Lake, Minnesota and Ontario: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 120, no. 1, p. 71-82, https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v120i1.249.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"82","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v120i1.249","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385519,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Rainy Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.7957763671875,\n              48.17707562779612\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.40576171875,\n              48.17707562779612\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.40576171875,\n              48.50204750525715\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.7957763671875,\n              48.50204750525715\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.7957763671875,\n              48.17707562779612\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"120","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4154e4b0c8380cd65495","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, W.E. Jr.","contributorId":23489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"W.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kallemeyn, L.W.","contributorId":44864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kallemeyn","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willis, D.W.","contributorId":56179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035290,"text":"70035290 - 2006 - CO<sub>2</sub> outgassing in a combined fracture and conduit karst aquifer near lititz spring, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:55","indexId":"70035290","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"CO<sub>2</sub> outgassing in a combined fracture and conduit karst aquifer near lititz spring, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Lititz Spring in southeastern Pennsylvania and a nearby domestic well were sampled for 9 months. Although both locations are connected to conduits (as evidenced by a tracer test), most of the year they were saturated with respect to calcite, which is more typical of matrix flow. Geochemical modeling (PHREEQC) was used to explain this apparent paradox and to infer changes in matrix and conduit contribution to flow. The saturation index varied from 0.5 to 0 most of the year, with a few samples in springtime dropping below saturation. The log PCO<sub>2</sub> value varied from -2.5 to -1.7. Lower log PCO<sub>2</sub> values (closer to the atmospheric value of -3.5) were observed when the solutions were at or above saturation with respect to calcite. In contrast, samples collected in the springtime had high PCO<sub>2</sub>, low saturation indices, and high water levels. Geochemical modeling showed that when outgassing occurs from a water with initially high PCO<sub>2</sub>, the saturation index of calcite increases. In the Lititz Spring area, the recharge water travels through the soil zone, where it picks up CO<sub>2</sub> from soil gas, and excess CO <sub>2</sub> subsequently is outgassed when this recharge water reaches the conduit. At times of high water level (pipe full), recharge with excess CO <sub>2</sub> enters the system but the outgassing does not occur. Instead the recharge causes dilution, reducing the calcite saturation index. Understanding the temporal and spatial variation in matrix and conduit flow in karst aquifers benefited here by geochemical modeling and calculation of PCO<sub>2</sub> values. ?? 2006 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2006.2404(23)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Toran, L., and Roman, E., 2006, CO<sub>2</sub> outgassing in a combined fracture and conduit karst aquifer near lititz spring, Pennsylvania: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 404, p. 275-282, https://doi.org/10.1130/2006.2404(23).","startPage":"275","endPage":"282","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215096,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2006.2404(23)"},{"id":242870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"404","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2d6e4b0c8380cd4b404","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toran, L.","contributorId":78519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toran","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roman, E.","contributorId":59250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030836,"text":"70030836 - 2006 - Mineralogy and arsenic mobility in arsenic-rich Brazilian soils and sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70030836","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2457,"text":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy and arsenic mobility in arsenic-rich Brazilian soils and sediments","docAbstract":"Background. Soils and sediments in certain mining regions of Brazil contain an unusually large amount of arsenic (As), which raises concerns that mining could promote increased As mobility, and thereby increase the risks of contaminating water supplies. Objectives. The purpose of t his study was to identify the most important factors governing As mobility in sediments and soils near three gold-mining sites in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods. Surface and sub-surface soil samples were collected at those sites and characterized by chemical and mineralogical analyses. Oxalate (Feo) and citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite (Fed) iron contents were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Arsenic mobilization was measured after incubating the samples in a 2.5 mM CaCl2 solution under anaerobic conditions for 1, 28, 56, 84, or 112 days. The solution concentrations of As, Fe, and Mn were then measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and AAS, respectively. Results and Discussion. Results indicated that As mobilization is largely independent of both the total As and the Feo/Fed ratio of the solid phase. Soluble As is roughly controlled by the Fe (hydr)oxide content of the soil, but a closer examination of the data revealed the importance of other highly weathered clay minerals and organic matter. Large amounts of organic matter and a low iron oxide content should favor As leaching from soils and sediments. Under reducing conditions, As is mobilized by the reductive dissolution of Fe and/or Mn oxides. However, released As may be readsorbed depending on the sorptive properties of the soil. Gibbsite is particularly effective in adsorbing or readsorbing As, as is the remaining unreduced fraction of the iron (hydr)oxides. Conclusion and Outlook. In general, low soluble As is rel ated to the presence of gibbsite, a large amount of iron oxides, and a lack of organic matter in the solid phase. This has environmental significance because gibbsite is thermodynamically more stable than Fe oxides under anaerobic conditions, such as those found in waterlogged soils and lake sediments. ?? 2006 ecomed publishers (Verlagsgruppe Hu??thig Jehle Rehm GmbH), D-86899 Landsberg and Tokyo.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1065/jss2005.09.144","issn":"14390108","usgsCitation":"Mello, D., Roy, W.R., Talbott, J., and Stucki, J., 2006, Mineralogy and arsenic mobility in arsenic-rich Brazilian soils and sediments: Journal of Soils and Sediments, v. 6, no. 1, p. 9-19, https://doi.org/10.1065/jss2005.09.144.","startPage":"9","endPage":"19","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211471,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1065/jss2005.09.144"},{"id":238764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-09-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5aade4b0c8380cd6f04e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mello, de","contributorId":72587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mello","given":"de","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roy, William R.","contributorId":45454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"William","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Talbott, J.L.","contributorId":24472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbott","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stucki, J.W.","contributorId":61640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stucki","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030795,"text":"70030795 - 2006 - Effects of sediment cover on survival and development of white sturgeon embryos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T14:49:19","indexId":"70030795","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of sediment cover on survival and development of white sturgeon embryos","docAbstract":"<p>A simple, inexpensive apparatus (embryo incubation unit [EIU]) was developed and used to assess the relationship between sediment cover (Kootenai River sediments, 97% by weight in the 0.83-mm- to 1.0-mm-diameter range) and survival of white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus embryos in the laboratory. An apparatus-testing trial assessed the effects of two sediment depths (5 and 20 mm), three EIU ventilation hole sizes (4.8, 6.8, and 9.5 mm) providing three levels of intrasediment flow, and EIU location (upstream or downstream in laboratory troughs) on embryo survival at two above-substrate flow velocities (0.05 and 0.15 m/s). A second trial assessed the effects of sediment cover duration (5-mm sediment cover for 4, 7, 9, 11, or 14 d, with a ventilation hole size of 9.5 mm and a flow velocity of 0.17 m/s) on mean embryo survival and larval length and weight. In the apparatus-testing trial, embryo survival was reduced (P &lt; 0.0001) to 0-5% under sediment covers of either 5 or 20 mm in both the higher-flow and lower-flow troughs; survival in control EIUs without sediments exceeded 80%. Survival was not significantly affected by ventilation hole size but was weakly affected by EIU location. In the second trial, embryo survival was negatively correlated (P = 0.001) with increasing duration of sediment cover and was significantly higher for embryos covered for 4 d (50% survival) or 7 d (30% survival) than for those covered for 9, 11, or 14 d (15-20% survival). Sediment cover also delayed hatch timing (P &lt; 0.0001) and decreased mean larval length (P &lt; 0.0001). Our results suggest that sediment cover may be an important early life stage mortality factor in rivers where white sturgeon spawn over fine-sediment substrates. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2006.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/M05-073.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Kock, T., Congleton, J., and Anders, P., 2006, Effects of sediment cover on survival and development of white sturgeon embryos: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 26, no. 1, p. 134-141, https://doi.org/10.1577/M05-073.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"134","endPage":"141","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486840,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2506786","text":"External Repository"},{"id":211384,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M05-073.1"},{"id":238664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07c2e4b0c8380cd51806","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kock, T.J.","contributorId":39578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kock","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Congleton, J.L.","contributorId":65622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Congleton","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anders, P.J.","contributorId":34717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030809,"text":"70030809 - 2006 - Effects of egg size, parental quality and hatch-date on growth and survival of Common Tern Sterna hirundo chicks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:18","indexId":"70030809","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1961,"text":"Ibis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of egg size, parental quality and hatch-date on growth and survival of Common Tern Sterna hirundo chicks","docAbstract":"We examined the relative contributions of egg size, parental quality and hatch-date to growth and survival of second-hatched chicks (those chicks making the greatest contribution to differences in productivity among pairs) by exchanging clutches among nests of Common Terns Sterna hirundo matched for lay-date (range 13 May to 9 June). The mass of a second-laid egg in an exchanged clutch ranged from 17.70 to 23.80 g. Growth and survival were studied during three periods: early (days 0-3), middle (days 3-12) and late (days 12-25). Both egg mass and hatch-date were important predictors of hatchling mass (positive relationships), although there was no seasonal trend in egg mass. During the middle period, hatch-date was a significant predictor of mass gain and survival (inverse relationships). After controlling for hatch-date, other indices of parental quality made only small contributions to chick mass gain and survival. Our results suggest that although breeding early generally leads to greater overall survival of chicks, several important interactions among egg 'quality', parental quality and early laying may affect breeding success under specific conditions. ?? 2006 British Ornithologists' Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ibis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1474-919X.2006.00487.x","issn":"00191019","usgsCitation":"Arnold, J., Hatch, J., and Nisbet, I., 2006, Effects of egg size, parental quality and hatch-date on growth and survival of Common Tern Sterna hirundo chicks: Ibis, v. 148, no. 1, p. 98-105, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2006.00487.x.","startPage":"98","endPage":"105","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238892,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211582,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2006.00487.x"}],"volume":"148","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06dae4b0c8380cd5144c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arnold, J.M.","contributorId":84489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatch, J.J.","contributorId":76860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nisbet, I.C.T.","contributorId":54942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nisbet","given":"I.C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031166,"text":"70031166 - 2006 - Iron isotope fractionation during microbially stimulated Fe(II) oxidation and Fe(III) precipitation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031166","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Iron isotope fractionation during microbially stimulated Fe(II) oxidation and Fe(III) precipitation","docAbstract":"Interpretation of the origins of iron-bearing minerals preserved in modern and ancient rocks based on measured iron isotope ratios depends on our ability to distinguish between biological and non-biological iron isotope fractionation processes. In this study, we compared 56Fe/54Fe ratios of coexisting aqueous iron (Fe(II)aq, Fe(III)aq) and iron oxyhydroxide precipitates (Fe(III)ppt) resulting from the oxidation of ferrous iron under experimental conditions at low pH (<3). Experiments were carried out using both pure cultures of Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans and sterile controls to assess possible biological overprinting of non-biological fractionation, and both SO42- and Cl- salts as Fe(II) sources to determine possible ionic/speciation effects that may be associated with oxidation/precipitation reactions. In addition, a series of ferric iron precipitation experiments were performed at pH ranging from 1.9 to 3.5 to determine if different precipitation rates cause differences in the isotopic composition of the iron oxyhydroxides. During microbially stimulated Fe(II) oxidation in both the sulfate and chloride systems, 56Fe/54Fe ratios of residual Fe(II)aq sampled in a time series evolved along an apparent Rayleigh trend characterized by a fractionation factor ??Fe(III)aq-Fe(II)aq???1.0022. This fractionation factor was significantly less than that measured in our sterile control experiments (???1.0034) and that predicted for isotopic equilibrium between Fe(II)aq and Fe(III)aq (???1.0029), and thus might be interpreted to reflect a biological isotope effect. However, in our biological experiments the measured difference in 56Fe/54Fe ratios between Fe(III)aq, isolated as a solid by the addition of NaOH to the final solution at each time point under N2-atmosphere, and Fe(II)aq was in most cases and on average close to 2.9??? (??Fe(III)aq-Fe(II)aq ???1.0029), consistent with isotopic equilibrium between Fe(II)aq and Fe(III)aq. The ferric iron precipitation experiments revealed that 56Fe/54Fe ratios of Fe(III)aq were generally equal to or greater than those of Fe(III)ppt, and isotopic fractionation between these phases decreased with increasing precipitation rate and decreasing grain size. Considered together, the data confirm that the iron isotope variations observed in our microbial experiments are primarily controlled by non-biological equilibrium and kinetic factors, a result that aids our ability to interpret present-day iron cycling processes but further complicates our ability to use iron isotopes alone to identify biological processing in the rock record. ?? 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2005.09.025","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Balci, N., Bullen, T., Witte-Lien, K., Shanks, W., Motelica, M., and Mandernack, K., 2006, Iron isotope fractionation during microbially stimulated Fe(II) oxidation and Fe(III) precipitation: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 70, no. 3, p. 622-639, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2005.09.025.","startPage":"622","endPage":"639","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211459,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2005.09.025"}],"volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3eece4b0c8380cd6414b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balci, N.","contributorId":15005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balci","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Witte-Lien, K.","contributorId":84973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witte-Lien","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C.","contributorId":39419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Motelica, M.","contributorId":92488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motelica","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mandernack, K.W.","contributorId":68913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mandernack","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70030559,"text":"70030559 - 2006 - Lime","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030559","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lime","docAbstract":"In 2005, US lime production was 20 Mt with a value of $1.5 billion. Production was unchanged compared with 2004. Captive production was 1.4 Mt. US consumption was 20.2 Mt. Most of the US lime trade was with Canada and Mexico. Despite some disruptions due to hurricanes Katrina and Rita, normal sales activities remained healthy.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00265187","usgsCitation":"Miller, M., 2006, Lime: Mining Engineering, v. 58, no. 6, p. 42-43.","startPage":"42","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4780e4b0c8380cd67899","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, M.","contributorId":13178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70030570,"text":"70030570 - 2006 - Static stress change from the 8 October, 2005 M = 7.6 Kashmir earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030570","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Static stress change from the 8 October, 2005 M = 7.6 Kashmir earthquake","docAbstract":"We calculated static stress changes from the devastating M = 7.6 earthquake that shook Kashmir on 8 October, 2005. We mapped Coulomb stress change on target fault planes oriented by assuming a regional compressional stress regime with greatest principal stress directed orthogonally to the mainshock strike. We tested calculation sensitivity by varying assumed stress orientations, target-fault friction, and depth. Our results showed no impact on the active Salt Range thrust southwest of the rupture. Active faults north of the Main Boundary thrust near Peshawar fall in a calculated stress-decreased zone, as does the Raikot fault zone to the northeast. We calculated increased stress near the rupture where most aftershocks occurred. The greatest increase to seismic hazard is in the Indus-Kohistan seismic zone near the Indus River northwest of the rupture termination, and southeast of the rupture termination near the Kashmir basin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005GL025429","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T., Yeats, R., Yagi, Y., and Hussain, A., 2006, Static stress change from the 8 October, 2005 M = 7.6 Kashmir earthquake: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 33, no. 6, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL025429.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212049,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL025429"},{"id":239457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b96f3e4b08c986b31b7d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yeats, R.S.","contributorId":48990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeats","given":"R.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yagi, Y.","contributorId":45516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yagi","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hussain, A.","contributorId":6886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hussain","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031138,"text":"70031138 - 2006 - Sources of variation in survival of breeding female wood ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031138","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of variation in survival of breeding female wood ducks","docAbstract":"In waterfowl, reproduction is physiologically demanding and females are exposed to varying risks of mortality at different periods of the breeding cycle. Moreover, differences among females may influence survival within breeding periods. We captured and fitted female Wood Ducks (Aix sponsa) with radio-transmitters before nest initiation during two breeding seasons to estimate survival and investigate sources of variation in survival. We partitioned the breeding season into three periods (preincubation, incubation, postnesting) according to breeding status of individual females, and used information-theoretic methods to compare models in which daily survival varied among periods, between successful and failed nesting females, and with parameters describing individual heterogeneity. Our analysis suggested that daily survival was best modeled as a function of breeding period, differences between successful and failed nesting females during postnesting, and early incubation body condition of successful females during post-nesting. Model-averaged daily survival was 0.9988 (95% CL: 0.9963-0.9996) during preincubation and 1.0 during incubation. Postnesting daily survival was 1.0 for failed nesting females and 0.9948 (0.9773-0.9988) for successful females, suggesting a trade-off between current reproduction and survival. Female age, body condition at capture, nest initiation date, and brood size generally were not useful for explaining variation in survival. Only early incubation body condition was important for modeling survival of successful females during postnesting; however, weight of evidence was limited and the effect on survival was weak. Mortality was greatest for females during preincubation and for females that nested successfully. Results support the hypothesis that brood care is costly for females. ?? The Cooper Ornithological Society 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[0201:SOVISO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Hartke, K.M., Grand, J., Hepp, G.R., and Folk, T., 2006, Sources of variation in survival of breeding female wood ducks: Condor, v. 108, no. 1, p. 201-210, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[0201:SOVISO]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"201","endPage":"210","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477421,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[0201:soviso]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211488,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[0201:SOVISO]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":238784,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b93a0e4b08c986b31a5d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartke, Kevin M.","contributorId":84048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartke","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J.B.","contributorId":11150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hepp, Gary R.","contributorId":8191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hepp","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Folk, T.H.","contributorId":50688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folk","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035415,"text":"70035415 - 2006 - Chapter 13 Petrogenesis of the Campanian Ignimbrite: Implications for crystal-melt separation and open-system processes from major and trace elements and Th isotopic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T16:03:03.032036","indexId":"70035415","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1387,"text":"Developments in Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chapter 13 Petrogenesis of the Campanian Ignimbrite: Implications for crystal-melt separation and open-system processes from major and trace elements and Th isotopic data","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Campanian Ignimbrite is a large-volume trachytic to phonolitic ignimbrite that was deposited at ≈39.3 ka and represents one of a number of highly explosive volcanic events that have occurred in the region near Naples, Italy. Thermodynamic modeling using the MELTS algorithm reveals that major element variations are dominated by crystal-liquid separation at 0.15 GPa. Initial dissolved H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O content in the parental melt is ∼3 wt.% and the magmatic system fugacity of oxygen was buffered along QFM+1. Significantly, MELTS results also indicate that the liquid line of descent is marked by a large change in the proportion of melt (from 0.46 to 0.09) at ∼884°C, which leads to a discontinuity in melt composition (i.e., a compositional gap) and different thermodynamic and transport properties of melt and magma across the gap. Crystallization of alkali feldspar and plagioclase dominates the phase assemblage at this pseudo-invariant point temperature of ∼884°C. Evaluation of the variations in the trace elements Zr, Nb, Th, U, Rb, Sm, and Sr using a mass balance equation that accounts for changing bulk mineral-melt partition coefficients as crystallization occurs indicates that crystal-liquid separation and open-system processes were important. Th isotope data yield an apparent isochron that is ∼20 kyr younger than the age of the deposit, and age-corrected Th isotope data indicate that the magma body was an open system at the time of eruption. Because open-system behavior can profoundly change isotopic and elemental characteristics of a magma body, these Th results illustrate that it is critical to understand the contribution that open-system processes make to magmatic systems prior to assigning relevance to age or timescale information derived from such systems. Fluid-magma interaction has been proposed as a mechanism to change isotopic and elemental characteristics of magma bodies, but an evaluation of the mass and thermal constraints on such a process suggests large-scale interaction is unlikely. In the case of the magma body associated with the Campanian Ignimbrite, the most likely source of the open-system signatures is assimilation of partial melts of compositionally heterogeneous basement composed of cumulates and intrusive equivalents of volcanic activity that has characterized the Campanian region for over 300 kyr.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1871-644X(06)80027-6","usgsCitation":"Bohrson, W., Spera, F., Fowler, S.J., Belkin, H., de Vivo, B., and Rolandi, G., 2006, Chapter 13 Petrogenesis of the Campanian Ignimbrite: Implications for crystal-melt separation and open-system processes from major and trace elements and Th isotopic data: Developments in Volcanology, v. 9, p. 249-288, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1871-644X(06)80027-6.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"288","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243114,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f463e4b0c8380cd4bcda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohrson, W.A.","contributorId":102092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bohrson","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spera, F. J.","contributorId":89315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spera","given":"F. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fowler, S. J.","contributorId":18586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fowler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belkin, H. E. 0000-0001-7879-6529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":38160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"H. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"de Vivo, B.","contributorId":50549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Vivo","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rolandi, G.","contributorId":76472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rolandi","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70030793,"text":"70030793 - 2006 - Long-term natural attenuation of carbon and nitrogen within a groundwater plume after removal of the treated wastewater source","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:35:50","indexId":"70030793","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term natural attenuation of carbon and nitrogen within a groundwater plume after removal of the treated wastewater source","docAbstract":"Disposal of treated wastewater for more than 60 years onto infiltration beds on Cape Cod, Massachusetts produced a groundwater contaminant plume greater than 6 km long in a surficial sand and gravel aquifer. In December 1995 the wastewater disposal ceased. A long-term, continuous study was conducted to characterize the post-cessation attenuation of the plume from the source to 0.6 km downgradient. Concentrations and total pools of mobile constituents, such as boron and nitrate, steadily decreased within 1-4 years along the transect. Dissolved organic carbon loads also decreased, but to a lesser extent, particularly downgradient of the infiltration beds. After 4 years, concentrations and pools of carbon and nitrogen in groundwater were relatively constant with time and distance, but substantially elevated above background. The contaminant plume core remained anoxic for the entire 10-year study period; temporal patterns of integrated oxygen deficit decreased slowly at all sites. In 2004, substantial amounts of total dissolved carbon (7 mol C m-2) and fixed (dissolved plus sorbed) inorganic nitrogen (0.5 mol N m-2) were still present in a 28-m vertical interval at the disposal site. Sorbed constituents have contributed substantially to the dissolved carbon and nitrogen pools and are responsible for the long-term persistence of the contaminant plume. Natural aquifer restoration at the discharge location will take at least several decades, even though groundwater flow rates and the potential for contaminant flushing are relatively high.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es051442j","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Repert, D., Barber, L.B., Hess, K., Keefe, S., Kent, D., LeBlanc, D., and Smith, R.L., 2006, Long-term natural attenuation of carbon and nitrogen within a groundwater plume after removal of the treated wastewater source: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 4, p. 1154-1162, https://doi.org/10.1021/es051442j.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1154","endPage":"1162","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238630,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211354,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es051442j"}],"volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a499be4b0c8380cd6875f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Repert, D.A.","contributorId":78506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repert","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hess, K.M.","contributorId":39415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keefe, S.H.","contributorId":18965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefe","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kent, D.B.","contributorId":16588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"LeBlanc, D.R.","contributorId":87141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, R. L.","contributorId":93904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":428714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70030921,"text":"70030921 - 2006 - Growth history of Kilauea inferred from volatile concentrations in submarine-collected basalts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T11:26:25","indexId":"70030921","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth history of Kilauea inferred from volatile concentrations in submarine-collected basalts","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract svAbstract \" data-etype=\"ab\"><p id=\"\">Major-element and volatile (H<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, S) compositions of glasses from the submarine flanks of Kilauea Volcano record its growth from pre-shield into tholeiite shield-stage. Pillow lavas of mildly alkalic basalt at 2600–1900 mbsl on the upper slope of the south flank are an intermediate link between deeper alkalic volcaniclastics and the modern tholeiite shield. Lava clast glasses from the west flank of Papau Seamount are subaerial Mauna Loa-like tholeiite and mark the contact between the two volcanoes. H<sub>2</sub>O and CO<sub>2&nbsp;</sub>in sandstone and breccia glasses from the Hilina bench, and in alkalic to tholeiitic pillow glasses above and to the east, were measured by FTIR. Volatile saturation pressures equal sampling depths (10 MPa&nbsp;=&nbsp;1000 m water) for south flank and Puna Ridge pillow lavas, suggesting recovery near eruption depths and/or vapor re-equilibration during down-slope flow. South flank glasses are divisible into low-pressure (CO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp;&lt;40 ppm, H<sub>2</sub>O&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.5 wt.%, S&nbsp;&lt;500 ppm), moderate-pressure (CO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp;&lt;40 ppm, H<sub>2</sub>O&nbsp;&gt;0.5 wt.%, S 1000–1700 ppm), and high-pressure groups (CO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp;&gt;40 ppm, S &nbsp;∼1000 ppm), corresponding to eruption&nbsp;≥&nbsp;sea level, at moderate water depths (300–1000 m) or shallower but in disequilibrium, and in deep water (&gt;1000 m). Saturation pressures range widely in early alkalic to strongly alkalic breccia clast and sandstone glasses, establishing that early Kīlauea's vents spanned much of Mauna Loa's submarine flank, with some vents exceeding sea level. Later south flank alkalic pillow lavas expose a sizeable submarine edifice that grew concurrent with nearby subaerial alkalic eruptions. The onset of the tholeiitic shield stage is marked by extension of eruptions eastward and into deeper water (to 5500 m) during growth of the Puna Ridge. Subaerial and shallow water eruptions from earliest Kilauea show that it is underlain shallowly by Mauna Loa, implying that Mauna Loa is larger, and Kilauea smaller, than previously recognized.</p></div><h2 id=\"kwd_1\" class=\"svKeywords\">Keywords</h2>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.037","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Coombs, M.L., Sisson, T.W., and Lipman, P.W., 2006, Growth history of Kilauea inferred from volatile concentrations in submarine-collected basalts: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 151, no. 1-3, p. 19-49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.037.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"49","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -154.3,\n              18.7\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.3,\n              20\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.5,\n              20\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.5,\n              18.7\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.3,\n              18.7\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"151","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2df2e4b0c8380cd5c183","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coombs, Michelle L. 0000-0002-6002-6806 mcoombs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-6806","contributorId":2809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Michelle","email":"mcoombs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sisson, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3380-6425 tsisson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-6425","contributorId":2341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"Thomas","email":"tsisson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lipman, Peter W. 0000-0001-9175-6118 plipman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-6118","contributorId":3486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"Peter","email":"plipman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031205,"text":"70031205 - 2006 - Shocked plagioclase signatures in Thermal Emission Spectrometer data of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-19T09:58:37","indexId":"70031205","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shocked plagioclase signatures in Thermal Emission Spectrometer data of Mars","docAbstract":"<p><span>The extensive impact&nbsp;cratering&nbsp;record on Mars combined with evidence from SNC&nbsp;meteorites&nbsp;suggests that a significant fraction of the surface is composed of materials subjected to variable shock pressures. Pressure-induced&nbsp;structural changes&nbsp;in minerals during high-pressure shock events alter their thermal infrared&nbsp;spectral emission&nbsp;features, particularly for&nbsp;feldspars, in a predictable fashion. To understand the degree to which the distribution and magnitude of shock effects influence martian surface&nbsp;mineralogy, we used standard spectral mineral libraries supplemented by laboratory spectra of experimentally shocked bytownite feldspar </span><span>to deconvolve&nbsp;Thermal Emission&nbsp;Spectrometer&nbsp;(TES) data from six relatively large (&gt;50 km) impact&nbsp;craters&nbsp;on Mars. We used both TES&nbsp;orbital&nbsp;data and TES mosaics (emission phase function sequences) to study local and regional areas near the craters, and compared the differences between models using single TES detector data and&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>3</mn><mo is=&quot;true&quot;>&amp;#xD7;</mo><mn is=&quot;true&quot;>2</mn></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">3×2</span></span></span><span>detector-averaged data. Inclusion of shocked feldspar spectra in the&nbsp;deconvolution&nbsp;models consistently improved the rms errors compared to models in which the spectra were not used, and resulted in modeled shocked feldspar abundances of &gt;15% in some regions. However, the magnitudes of model rms error improvements were within the noise equivalent rms errors for the TES instrument [Hamilton V., personal communication]. This suggests that while shocked feldspars may be a component of the regions studied, their presence cannot be conclusively demonstrated in the TES data analyzed here. If the distributions of shocked feldspars suggested by the models are real, the lack of spatial correlation to crater materials may reflect extensive aeolian mixing of martian&nbsp;regolith&nbsp;materials composed of variably shocked impact&nbsp;ejecta&nbsp;from both local and distant sources.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2005.08.010","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.R., Staid, M.I., Titus, T.N., and Becker, K.J., 2006, Shocked plagioclase signatures in Thermal Emission Spectrometer data of Mars: Icarus, v. 180, no. 1, p. 60-74, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2005.08.010.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"180","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e7ee4b08c986b31898d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Jeffrey R.","contributorId":200393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Staid, Matthew I.","contributorId":79761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staid","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Becker, Kris J. 0000-0003-1971-5957 kbecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1971-5957","contributorId":2910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"Kris","email":"kbecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030913,"text":"70030913 - 2006 - Inferring differential evolutionary processes of plant persistence traits in Northern Hemisphere Mediterranean fire-prone ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030913","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inferring differential evolutionary processes of plant persistence traits in Northern Hemisphere Mediterranean fire-prone ecosystems","docAbstract":"1 Resprouting capacity (R) and propagule-persistence (P) are traits that are often considered to have evolved where there are predictable crown fires. Because several indicators suggest a stronger selective pressure for such traits in California than in the Mediterranean Basin, we hypothesize that plant species should have evolved to become R+ and P+ more frequently in California than in the Mediterranean Basin. 2 To test this hypothesis we studied the phylogenetic association between R and P states in both California and the Mediterranean Basin using published molecular phylogenies. 3 The results suggest that R and P evolved differently in the two regions. The occurrence of the states differs significantly between regions for trait P, but not for trait R. The different patterns (towards R+ and P+ in California and towards R+ and P- in the Mediterranean Basin) are reflected in the higher abundance and the wider taxonomic distribution of species with both persistence traits (R+P+ species) in California. 4 The differential acquisition of fire persistence mechanisms at the propagule level (P+) supports the idea that fire selective pressures has been higher in California than in the Mediterranean Basin. 5 Our comparative phylogenetic-informed analysis contributes to an understanding of the differential role of the Quaternary climate in determining fire persistence traits in different Mediterranean-type ecosystems and, thus, to the debate on the evolutionary convergence of traits. ?? 2006 British Ecological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01092.x","issn":"00220477","usgsCitation":"Pausas, J., Keeley, J., and Verdu, M., 2006, Inferring differential evolutionary processes of plant persistence traits in Northern Hemisphere Mediterranean fire-prone ecosystems: Journal of Ecology, v. 94, no. 1, p. 31-39, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01092.x.","startPage":"31","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211614,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01092.x"},{"id":238931,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3aeae4b0c8380cd62098","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pausas, J.G.","contributorId":33279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pausas","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verdu, M.","contributorId":49316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdu","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030933,"text":"70030933 - 2006 - Aqueous processes at Gusev crater inferred from physical properties of rocks and soils along the Spirit traverse","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T10:16:17","indexId":"70030933","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aqueous processes at Gusev crater inferred from physical properties of rocks and soils along the Spirit traverse","docAbstract":"<p>Gusev crater was selected as the landing site for Spirit on the basis of morphological evidence of long-lasting water activity, including possibly fluvial and lacustrine episodes. From the Columbia Memorial Station to the Columbia Hills, Spirit's traverse provides a journey back in time, from relatively recent volcanic plains showing little evidence for aqueous processes up to the older hills, where rock and soil composition are drastically different. For the first 156 sols, the only evidence of water action was weathering rinds, vein fillings, and soil crust cementation by salts. The trenches of Sols 112-145 marked the first significant findings of increased concentrations of sulfur and magnesium varying in parallel, suggesting that they be paired as magnesium-sulfate. Spirit's arrival at West Spur coincided with a shift in rock and soil composition with observations hinting at substantial amounts of water in Gusev's past. We used the Microscopic Imager data up to Sol 431 to analyze rock and soil properties and infer plausible types and magnitude of aqueous processes through time. We show the role played early by topography and structure. The morphology, texture, and deep alteration shown by the rocks in West Spur and the Columbia Hills Formation (CHF) suggest conditions that are not met in present-day Mars and required a wetter environment, which could have included transport of sulfur, chlorine, and bromine in water, vapor in volcanic gases, hydrothermal circulation, or saturation in a briny fluid containing the same elements. Changing conditions that might have affected flow circulation are suggested by different textural and morphological characteristics between the rocks in the CHF and those of the plains, with higher porosity proxy, higher void ratio, and higher water storage potential in the CHF. Soils were used to assess aqueous processes and water pathways in the top layers of modern soils. We conclude that infiltration might have become more difficult with time.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2005JE002490","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Cabrol, N., Farmer, J., Grin, E., Ritcher, L., Soderblom, L., Li, R., Herkenhoff, K.E., Landis, G.A., and Arvidson, R., 2006, Aqueous processes at Gusev crater inferred from physical properties of rocks and soils along the Spirit traverse: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 111, no. E2, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JE002490.","productDescription":"15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gusev crater; Mars","volume":"111","issue":"E2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed19e4b0c8380cd49614","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cabrol, N.A.","contributorId":65208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cabrol","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farmer, J.D.","contributorId":79671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grin, E.A.","contributorId":53926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grin","given":"E.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ritcher, L.","contributorId":45112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritcher","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Soderblom, L.","contributorId":106244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Li, R.","contributorId":68441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Landis, G. A.","contributorId":76536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landis","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Arvidson, R. E.","contributorId":46666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arvidson","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70031139,"text":"70031139 - 2006 - The chlorinated AHR ligand 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during embryonic development in the killifish (<i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-27T13:28:52","indexId":"70031139","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The chlorinated AHR ligand 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during embryonic development in the killifish (<i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Exposure to dioxin-like chemicals that activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) can result in increased cellular and tissue production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Little is known of these effects during early fish development. We used the fish model,&nbsp;</span><i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i><span>, to determine if the AHR ligand and pro-oxidant 3,3&prime;,4,4&prime;,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) can increase ROS production during killifish development, and to test a novel method for measuring ROS non-invasively in a living organism. The superoxide-sensitive fluorescent dye, dihydroethidium (DHE), was used to detect in ovo ROS production microscopically in developing killifish exposed to PCB126 or vehicle. Both in ovo CYP1A activity (ethoxyresorufin-</span><i>o</i><span>-deethylase, EROD) and in ovo ROS were induced by PCB126. In ovo CYP1A activity was inducible by PCB126 concentrations as low as 0.003&nbsp;nM, with maximal induction occurring at 0.3&nbsp;nM PCB126. These PCB126 concentrations also significantly increased in ovo ROS production in embryonic liver, ROS being detectable as early as 5 days post-fertilization. These data demonstrate that the pro-oxidant and CYP1A inducer, PCB126, increases both CYP1A activity and ROS production in developing killifish embryos. The superoxide detection assay (SoDA) described in this paper provides a semi-quantitative, easily measured, early indicator of altered ROS production that can be used in conjunction with simultaneous in ovo measurements of CYP1A activity and embryo development to explore functional relationships among biochemical, physiological and developmental responses to AHR ligands.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.07.013","issn":"0166445X","usgsCitation":"Arzuaga, X., Wassenberg, D., Giulio, R.D., and Elskus, A., 2006, The chlorinated AHR ligand 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during embryonic development in the killifish (<i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i>): Aquatic Toxicology, v. 76, no. 1, p. 13-23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.07.013.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238814,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211515,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.07.013"}],"volume":"76","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa32e4b08c986b322762","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arzuaga, Xabier","contributorId":107923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arzuaga","given":"Xabier","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wassenberg, Deena","contributorId":107924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wassenberg","given":"Deena","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giulio, Richard D.","contributorId":42029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giulio","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elskus, Adria 0000-0003-1192-5124 aelskus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1192-5124","contributorId":130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elskus","given":"Adria","email":"aelskus@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":430215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70031170,"text":"70031170 - 2006 - Successful nesting by a Bald Eagle pair in prairie grasslands of the Texas Panhandle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-06T16:33:00.56279","indexId":"70031170","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Successful nesting by a Bald Eagle pair in prairie grasslands of the Texas Panhandle","docAbstract":"<p><span>We observed a breeding Bald Eagle (</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Haliaeetus leucocephalus</span><span>) pair nesting in a short-grass prairie and agricultural community on the southern Great Plains of the Texas Panhandle in 2004 and 2005. The nesting eagles produced 1 fledgling in 2004 and 2 fledglings in 2005. Our assessment of landcover types within a 5-km radius of the nest indicated that grasslands accounted for most of the area (90%), followed by agricultural lands (8%). Black-tailed prairie dog (</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Cynomys ludovicianus</span><span>) colonies occupied 2.5% of the area, and single human residences with associated structures (i.e., barns) occupied &lt;1%. The nearest source of permanent surface water &gt;2.5 ha in surface area was 51 km from the nest. An analysis of regurgitated castings collected near the nest revealed a mammalian-dominated, breeding-season diet with black-tailed prairie dogs occurring in 80.9% of the castings. Other identified prey included cottontails (</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Sylvilagus</span><span>&nbsp;spp., 15.9%), black-tailed jackrabbits (</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Lepus californicus</span><span>, 3.2%), pronghorn (</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Antilocapra americana</span><span>, 3.2%), and plains pocket gopher (</span><span class=\"genus-species\">Geomys bursarius</span><span>, 1.6%). Bird remains were also present in 34.9% of the castings. This is the first reported successful nesting of Bald Eagles in the panhandle region of Texas since 1916; the nest is particularly unique because of its distance from any substantial body of water.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.3398/1527-0904(2006)66[246:SNBABE]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15270904","usgsCitation":"Boal, G., Giovanni, M., and Beall, B., 2006, Successful nesting by a Bald Eagle pair in prairie grasslands of the Texas Panhandle: Western North American Naturalist, v. 66, no. 2, p. 246-250, https://doi.org/10.3398/1527-0904(2006)66[246:SNBABE]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"246","endPage":"250","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol66/iss2/11","text":"External Repository"},{"id":386967,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Texas panhandle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -103.02978515625,\n              31.784216884487385\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.931640625,\n              31.784216884487385\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.931640625,\n              36.50963615733049\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.02978515625,\n              36.50963615733049\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.02978515625,\n              31.784216884487385\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9da4e4b08c986b31d98b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boal, G.W.","contributorId":10194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boal","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giovanni, M.D.","contributorId":29631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giovanni","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beall, B.N.","contributorId":99770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beall","given":"B.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031190,"text":"70031190 - 2006 - Influence of depositional setting and sedimentary fabric on mechanical layer evolution in carbonate aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031190","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of depositional setting and sedimentary fabric on mechanical layer evolution in carbonate aquifers","docAbstract":"Carbonate aquifers in fold-thrust belt settings often have low-matrix porosity and permeability, and thus groundwater flow pathways depend on high porosity and permeability fracture and fault zones. Methods from sedimentology and structural geology are combined to understand the evolution of fracture controlled flow pathways and determine their spatial distribution. Through this process bed-parallel pressure-solution surfaces (PS1) are identified as a fracture type which influences fragmentation in peritidal and basinal carbonate, and upon shearing provides a major flow pathway in fold - thrust belt carbonate aquifers. Through stratigraphic analysis and fracture mapping, depositional setting is determined to play a critical role in PS1 localization and spacing where peritidal strata have closer spaced and less laterally continuous PS1 than basinal strata. In the peritidal platform facies, units with planar lamination have bed-parallel pressure-solution seams along mudstone laminae. In contrast, burrowed units of peritidal strata have solution seams with irregular and anastamosing geometries. Laminated units with closely spaced bed-parallel solution seams are more fragmented than bioturbated units with anastamosing solution seams. In the deeper-water depositional environment, pelagic settling and turbidity currents are the dominant sedimentation processes, resulting in laterally continuous deposits relative to the peritidal platform environment. To quantify the fracture patterns in the basinal environment, mechanical layer thickness values were measured from regions of low to high bed dip. The results define a trend in which mechanical layer thickness decreases as layer dip increases. A conceptual model is presented that emphasizes the link between sedimentary and structural fabric for the peritidal and basinal environments, where solution seams localize in mud-rich intervals, and the resulting pressure-solution surface geometry is influenced by sedimentary geometry (i.e., stacked fining upward cycles, burrows, planar laminations). In both facies types, laterally continuous PS1 can behave as mechanical layer boundaries. As layer-parallel slip increases to accommodate shear strain in the fold - thrust belt, more PS1 behave as mechanical layer boundaries. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentary Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.11.003","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Graham, W.B., 2006, Influence of depositional setting and sedimentary fabric on mechanical layer evolution in carbonate aquifers: Sedimentary Geology, v. 184, no. 3-4, p. 203-224, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.11.003.","startPage":"203","endPage":"224","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211549,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.11.003"},{"id":238851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"184","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b21e4b0c8380cd6225e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, Wall B.R.","contributorId":105111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Wall","email":"","middleInitial":"B.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70170963,"text":"70170963 - 2006 - Toxicokinetics and effects of PCBs in Arctic fish: a review of studies on Arctic charr","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-12T16:59:52","indexId":"70170963","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2481,"text":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicokinetics and effects of PCBs in Arctic fish: a review of studies on Arctic charr","docAbstract":"<p><span>In a series of environmentally realistic laboratory experiments, toxicokinetics and effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were studied in the Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). Winter fasting and emaciation, which are common among Arctic charr living in high latitudes, resulted in a redistribution of the lipophilic PCBs from lipid-storing tissue such as the muscle, to vital organs that must be considered sensitive toward PCB (liver and brain). This redistribution was accompanied by a significant potentiation of the hepatic cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 1A biomarker response, from low activities in October (within those measured in uncontaminated charr) to a high, probably maximum, induction in May. Performance studies demonstrated a clear effect of environmentally realistic PCB levels on endocrine mechanisms, immune function, and seawater preadaptation (smoltification) in charr that had been feed deprived for several months after contamination with Aroclor 1254, whereas a high PCB dose exerted only minor, if any, effects in charr that had been fed after contamination. These results demonstrate that emaciation results in decreased dose-response relationships in fish, and indicate that arctic animals undergoing seasonal cycles of \"fattening\" and emaciation may be extra sensitive toward persistent, lipophilic organochlorines. Pilot studies on Arctic charr from Bj&oslash;rn&oslash;ya Island revealed marked CYP1A biomarker responses and an upregulation of genes involved in cellular homeostatic mechanisms in charr from Lake Ellasj&oslash;en (high PCB levels).</span></p>","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Jorgensen, E., Vijayan, M., Killie, J., Aluru, N., Aas-Hansen, O., and Maule, A., 2006, Toxicokinetics and effects of PCBs in Arctic fish: a review of studies on Arctic charr: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, v. 69, no. 1-2, p. 37-52.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"52","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321197,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":321196,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16291561"}],"volume":"69","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5735a95be4b0dae0d5df5180","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jorgensen, EH","contributorId":169303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jorgensen","given":"EH","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vijayan, M.N.","contributorId":169304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vijayan","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Killie, J.-E.A.","contributorId":17822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Killie","given":"J.-E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aluru, N.","contributorId":80454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aluru","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aas-Hansen, O.","contributorId":66899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aas-Hansen","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Maule, A.","contributorId":39668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70031204,"text":"70031204 - 2006 - Regional surficial geochemistry of the northern Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70031204","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional surficial geochemistry of the northern Great Basin","docAbstract":"The regional distribution of arsenic and 20 other elements in stream-sediment samples in northern Nevada and southeastern Oregon was studied in order to gain new insights about the geologic framework and patterns of hydrothermal mineralization in the area. Data were used from 10,261 samples that were originally collected during the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance (HSSR) program in the 1970s. The data are available as U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-0227. The data were analyzed using traditional dot maps and interpolation between data points to construct high-resolution raster images, which were correlated with geographic and geologic information using a geographic information system (GIS). Wavelength filters were also used to deconvolute the geochemical images into various textural components, in order to study features with dimensions of a few kilometers to dimensions of hundreds of kilometers. The distribution of arsenic, antimony, gold, and silver is different from distributions of the other elements in that they show a distinctive high background in the southeast part of the area, generally in areas underlain by the pre-Mesozoic craton. Arsenic is an extremely mobile element and can be used to delineate structures that served as conduits for the circulation of metal-bearing fluids. It was used to delineate large crustal structures and is particularly good for delineation of the Battle Mountain-Eureka mineral trend and the Steens lineament, which corresponds to a post-Miocene fault zone. Arsenic distribution patterns also delineated the Black Rock structural boundary, northwest of which the basement apparently consists entirely of Miocene and younger crust. Arsenic is also useful to locate district-sized hydrothermal systems an d clusters of systems. Most important types of hydrothermal mineral deposit in the northern Great Basin appear to be strongly associated with arsenic; this is less so for low-sulfidation epithermal deposits. In addition to individual elements, the distribution of factor scores that resulted from principal component studies of the data was used. The strongest factor is characterized by Fe, Ti, V, Cu, Ni, and Zn and is used to map the distribution of distinctive basalts that are high in Cu, Ni, and Zn and that appear to be related to the Steens Basalt. The other important factor is related to hydrothermal precious metal mineralization and is characterized by Sb, Ag, As, Pb, Au, and Zn. The map of the distribution of this factor is similar in appearance to the one for arsenic, and we used wavelength filters to remove regional variations in the background for this factor score. The resulting residual map shows a very strong association with the most significant precious metal deposits and districts in the region. This residual map also shows a number of areas that are not associated with known mineral deposits, illustrating the utility of the method as a regional exploration tool. A number of these prospective areas are distant from known significant mineral deposits. The deconvolution of the spatial wavelength structure of geochemical maps, combined with the use of large regional geochemical data sets and GIS, permits new possibilities for the use of stream-sediment geochemistry in the study of large-scale crustal features as well as the isolation of mineral-district scale anomalies. ?? 2006 Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/101.1.33","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Ludington, S., Folger, H., Kotlyar, B., Mossotti, V., Coombs, M., and Hildenbrand, T., 2006, Regional surficial geochemistry of the northern Great Basin: Economic Geology, v. 101, no. 1, p. 33-57, https://doi.org/10.2113/101.1.33.","startPage":"33","endPage":"57","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211603,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/101.1.33"}],"volume":"101","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a58ce4b0e8fec6cdbe60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ludington, S.","contributorId":91987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludington","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Folger, H.","contributorId":31200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folger","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kotlyar, B.","contributorId":99370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kotlyar","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mossotti, V.G.","contributorId":43785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mossotti","given":"V.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coombs, M.J.","contributorId":53596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hildenbrand, T.G.","contributorId":83892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70030865,"text":"70030865 - 2006 - Abundance of adult saugers across the Wind River watershed, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70030865","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abundance of adult saugers across the Wind River watershed, Wyoming","docAbstract":"The abundance of adult saugers Sander canadensis was estimated over 179 km of continuous lotic habitat across a watershed on the western periphery of their natural distribution in Wyoming. Three-pass depletions with raft-mounted electrofishing gear were conducted in 283 pools and runs among 19 representative reaches totaling 51 km during the late summer and fall of 2002. From 2 to 239 saugers were estimated to occur among the 19 reaches of 1.6-3.8 km in length. The estimates were extrapolated to a total population estimate (mean ?? 95% confidence interval) of 4,115 ?? 308 adult saugers over 179 km of lotie habitat. Substantial variation in mean density (range = 1.0-32.5 fish/ha) and mean biomass (range = 0.5-16.8 kg/ha) of adult saugers in pools and runs was observed among the study reaches. Mean density and biomass were highest in river reaches with pools and runs that had maximum depths of more than 1 m, mean daily summer water temperatures exceeding 20??C, and alkalinity exceeding 130 mg/L. No saugers were captured in the 39 pools or runs with maximum water depths of 0.6 m or less. Multiple-regression analysis and the information-theoretic approach were used to identify watershed-scale and instream habitat features accounting for the variation in biomass among the 244 pools and runs across the watershed with maximum depths greater than 0.6 m. Sauger biomass was greater in pools than in runs and increased as mean daily summer water temperature, maximum depth, and mean summer alkalinity increased and as dominant substrate size decreased. This study provides an estimate of adult sauger abundance and identifies habitat features associated with variation in their density and biomass across a watershed, factors important to the management of both populations and habitat. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M05-092.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Amadio, C., Hubert, W., Johnson, K., Oberlie, D., and Dufek, D., 2006, Abundance of adult saugers across the Wind River watershed, Wyoming: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 26, no. 1, p. 156-162, https://doi.org/10.1577/M05-092.1.","startPage":"156","endPage":"162","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211441,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M05-092.1"},{"id":238732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e65de4b0c8380cd47381","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amadio, C.J.","contributorId":67276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amadio","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Kevin","contributorId":83287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oberlie, D.","contributorId":72577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberlie","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dufek, D.","contributorId":45102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dufek","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70030798,"text":"70030798 - 2006 - Relationships between avian richness and landscape structure at multiple scales using multiple landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70030798","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationships between avian richness and landscape structure at multiple scales using multiple landscapes","docAbstract":"Little is known about factors that structure biodiversity on landscape scales, yet current land management protocols, such as forest certification programs, place an increasing emphasis on managing for sustainable biodiversity at landscape scales. We used a replicated landscape study to evaluate relationships between forest structure and avian diversity at both stand and landscape-levels. We used data on bird communities collected under comparable sampling protocols on four managed forests located across the Southeastern US to develop logistic regression models describing relationships between habitat factors and the distribution of overall richness and richness of selected guilds. Landscape models generated for eight of nine guilds showed a strong relationship between richness and both availability and configuration of landscape features. Diversity of topographic features and heterogeneity of forest structure were primary determinants of avian species richness. Forest heterogeneity, in both age and forest type, were strongly and positively associated with overall avian richness and richness for most guilds. Road density was associated positively but weakly with avian richness. Landscape variables dominated all models generated, but no consistent patterns in metrics or scale were evident. Model fit was strong for neotropical migrants and relatively weak for short-distance migrants and resident species. Our models provide a tool that will allow managers to evaluate and demonstrate quantitatively how management practices affect avian diversity on landscapes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2005.09.023","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Mitchell, M., Rutzmoser, S., Wigley, T., Loehle, C., Gerwin, J., Keyser, P., Lancia, R., Perry, R., Reynolds, C., Thill, R., Weih, R., White, D., and Wood, P., 2006, Relationships between avian richness and landscape structure at multiple scales using multiple landscapes: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 221, no. 1-3, p. 155-169, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.09.023.","startPage":"155","endPage":"169","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211437,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.09.023"},{"id":238727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"221","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a793e4b0e8fec6cdc4f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitchell, M.S.","contributorId":26724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rutzmoser, S.H.","contributorId":68951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutzmoser","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wigley, T.B.","contributorId":67254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wigley","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loehle, C.","contributorId":92823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loehle","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gerwin, J.A.","contributorId":88149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerwin","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Keyser, P.D.","contributorId":20857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keyser","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lancia, R.A.","contributorId":42327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lancia","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Perry, R.W.","contributorId":43947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Reynolds, C.J.","contributorId":69779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Thill, R.E.","contributorId":46727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thill","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Weih, R.","contributorId":56028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weih","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"White, D.","contributorId":39103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Wood, P.B. 0000-0002-8575-1705","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8575-1705","contributorId":103992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70030868,"text":"70030868 - 2006 - Does the Great Valley Group contain Jurassic strata? Reevaluation of the age and early evolution of a classic forearc basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:19","indexId":"70030868","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does the Great Valley Group contain Jurassic strata? Reevaluation of the age and early evolution of a classic forearc basin","docAbstract":"The presence of Cretaceous detrital zircon in Upper Jurassic strata of the Great Valley Group may require revision of the lower Great Valley Group chronostratigraphy, with significant implications for the Late Jurassic-Cretaceous evolution of the continental margin. Samples (n = 7) collected from 100 km along strike in the purported Tithonian strata of the Great Valley Group contain 20 Cretaceous detrital zircon grains, based on sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe age determinations. These results suggest that Great Valley Group deposition was largely Cretaceous, creating a discrepancy between biostratigraphy based on Buchia zones and chronostratigraphy based on radiometric age dates. These results extend the duration of the Great Valley Group basal unconformity, providing temporal separation between Great Valley forearc deposition and creation of the Coast Range Ophiolite. If Great Valley forearc deposition began in Cretaceous time, then sediment by passed the developing forearc in the Late Jurassic, or the Franciscan subduction system did not fully develop until Cretaceous time. In addition to these constraints on the timing of deposition, pre-Mesozoic detrital zircon age signatures indicate that the Great Valley Group was linked to North America from its inception. ?? 2006 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/G21940.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Surpless, K., Graham, S., Covault, J., and Wooden, J.L., 2006, Does the Great Valley Group contain Jurassic strata? Reevaluation of the age and early evolution of a classic forearc basin: Geology, v. 34, no. 1, p. 21-24, https://doi.org/10.1130/G21940.1.","startPage":"21","endPage":"24","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211473,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G21940.1"},{"id":238766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0399e4b0c8380cd50571","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Surpless, K.D.","contributorId":43973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Surpless","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graham, S.A.","contributorId":82494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Covault, J.A.","contributorId":84974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Covault","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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