Ammonium (NH4+) is a major constituent of many contaminated groundwaters, but its movement through aquifers is complex and poorly documented. In this study, processes affecting NH4+ movement in a treated wastewater plume were studied by a combination of techniques including large‐scale monitoring of NH4+ distribution; isotopic analyses of coexisting aqueous NH4+, NO3−, N2, and sorbed NH4+; and in situ natural gradient 15NH4+tracer tests with numerical simulations of 15NH4+, 15NO3−, and 15N2 breakthrough data. Combined results indicate that the main mass of NH4+ was moving downgradient at a rate about 0.25 times the groundwater velocity. Retardation factors and groundwater ages indicate that much of the NH4+ in the plume was recharged early in the history of the wastewater disposal. NO3− and excess N2 gas, which were related to each other by denitrification near the plume source, were moving downgradient more rapidly and were largely unrelated to coexisting NH4+. The δ15N data indicate areas of the plume affected by nitrification (substantial isotope fractionation) and sorption (no isotope fractionation). There was no conclusive evidence for NH4+‐consuming reactions (nitrification or anammox) in the anoxic core of the plume. Nitrification occurred along the upper boundary of the plume but was limited by a low rate of transverse dispersive mixing of wastewater NH4+ and O2 from overlying uncontaminated groundwater. Without induced vertical mixing or displacement of plume water with oxic groundwater from upgradient sources, the main mass of NH4+ could reach a discharge area without substantial reaction long after the more mobile wastewater constituents are gone. Multiple approaches including in situ isotopic tracers and fractionation studies provided critical information about processes affecting NH4+ movement and N speciation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004349","usgsCitation":"Böhlke, J., Smith, R.L., and Miller, D.N., 2006, Ammonium transport and reaction in contaminated groundwater: Application of isotope tracers and isotope fractionation studies: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 5, W05411; 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004349.","productDescription":"W05411; 19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477593,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005wr004349","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9c0e4b0c8380cd48425","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Richard L. 0000-0002-3829-0125 rlsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3829-0125","contributorId":1592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"rlsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":426731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Daniel N.","contributorId":140401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030343,"text":"70030343 - 2006 - Modelling river discharge and precipitation from estuarine salinity in the northern Chesapeake Bay: Application to Holocene palaeoclimate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:03","indexId":"70030343","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1905,"text":"Holocene","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling river discharge and precipitation from estuarine salinity in the northern Chesapeake Bay: Application to Holocene palaeoclimate","docAbstract":"Long-term chronologies of precipitation can provide a baseline against which twentieth-century trends in rainfall can be evaluated in terms of natural variability and anthropogenic influence. However, there are relatively few methods to quantitatively reconstruct palaeoprecipitation and river discharge compared with proxies of other climatic factors, such as temperature. We developed autoregressive and least squares statistical models relating Chesapeake Bay salinity to river discharge and regional precipitation records. Salinity in northern and central parts of the modern Chesapeake Bay is influenced largely by seasonal, interannual and decadal variations in Susquehanna River discharge, which in turn are controlled by regional precipitation patterns. A power regressive discharge model and linear precipitation model exhibit well-defined decadal variations in peak discharge and precipitation. The utility of the models was tested by estimating Holocene palaeoprecipitation and Susquehanna River palaeodischarge, as indicated by isotopically derived palaeosalinity reconstructions from Chesapeake Bay sediment cores. Model results indicate that the early-mid Holocene (7055-5900 yr BP) was drier than the late Holocene (1500 yr BP - present), the 'Mediaeval Warm Period' (MWP) (1200-600 yr BP) was drier than the 'Little Ice Age' (LIA) (500-100 yr BP), and the twentieth century experienced extremes in precipitation possibly associated with changes in ocean-atmosphere teleconnections. ?? 2006 Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Holocene","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1191/0959683606hl944rp","issn":"09596836","usgsCitation":"Saenger, C., Cronin, T., Thunell, R., and Vann, C., 2006, Modelling river discharge and precipitation from estuarine salinity in the northern Chesapeake Bay: Application to Holocene palaeoclimate: Holocene, v. 16, no. 4, p. 467-477, https://doi.org/10.1191/0959683606hl944rp.","startPage":"467","endPage":"477","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211802,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0959683606hl944rp"},{"id":239165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c73e4b0c8380cd6fce1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saenger, C.","contributorId":19363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saenger","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cronin, T.","contributorId":88061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thunell, R.","contributorId":96836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thunell","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vann, C.","contributorId":64020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vann","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030335,"text":"70030335 - 2006 - Tectonic stressing in California modeled from GPS observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70030335","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic stressing in California modeled from GPS observations","docAbstract":"What happens in the crust as a result of geodetically observed secular motions? In this paper we find out by distorting a finite element model of California using GPS-derived displacements. A complex model was constructed using spatially varying crustal thickness, geothermal gradient, topography, and creeping faults. GPS velocity observations were interpolated and extrapolated across the model and boundary condition areas, and the model was loaded according to 5-year displacements. Results map highest differential stressing rates in a 200-km-wide band along the Pacific-North American plate boundary, coinciding with regions of greatest seismic energy release. Away from the plate boundary, GPS-derived crustal strain reduces modeled differential stress in some places, suggesting that some crustal motions are related to topographic collapse. Calculated stressing rates can be resolved onto fault planes: useful for addressing fault interactions and necessary for calculating earthquake advances or delays. As an example, I examine seismic quiescence on the Garlock fault despite a calculated minimum 0.1-0.4 MPa static stress increase from the 1857 M???7.8 Fort Tejon earthquake. Results from finite element modeling show very low to negative secular Coulomb stress growth on the Garlock fault, suggesting that the stress state may have been too low for large earthquake triggering. Thus the Garlock fault may only be stressed by San Andreas fault slip, a loading pattern that could explain its erratic rupture history.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005JB003946","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T., 2006, Tectonic stressing in California modeled from GPS observations: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 111, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003946.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486863,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jb003946","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212146,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003946"},{"id":239583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba47fe4b08c986b3203a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70030740,"text":"70030740 - 2006 - Avian diversity and West Nile virus: Testing associations between biodiversity and infectious disease risk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-23T17:16:56.450431","indexId":"70030740","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3174,"text":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian diversity and West Nile virus: Testing associations between biodiversity and infectious disease risk","docAbstract":"The emergence of several high profile infectious diseases in recent years has focused attention on our need to understand the ecological factors contributing to the spread of infectious diseases. West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease that was first detected in the United States in 1999. The factors accounting for variation in the prevalence of WNV are poorly understood, but recent ideas suggesting links between high biodiversity and reduced vector-borne disease risk may help account for distribution patterns of this disease. Since wild birds are the primary reservoir hosts for WNV, we tested associations between passerine (Passeriform) bird diversity, non-passerine (all other orders) bird diversity and virus infection rates in mosquitoes and humans to examine the extent to which bird diversity is associated with WNV infection risk. We found that non-passerine species richness (number of non-passerine species) was significantly negatively correlated with both mosquito and human infection rates, whereas there was no significant association between passerine species richness and any measure of infection risk. Our findings suggest that non-passerine diversity may play a role in dampening WNV amplification rates in mosquitoes, minimizing human disease risk.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2005.3284","usgsCitation":"Ezenwa, V.O., Godsey, M.S., King, R.J., and Guptill, S.C., 2006, Avian diversity and West Nile virus: Testing associations between biodiversity and infectious disease risk: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 273, no. 1582, p. 109-117, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3284.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"117","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477575,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1560012","text":"External Repository"},{"id":238791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"273","issue":"1582","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-10-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ef66e4b0c8380cd4a210","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ezenwa, Vanessa O.","contributorId":96179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ezenwa","given":"Vanessa","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godsey, Marvin S. Jr.","contributorId":66992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godsey","given":"Marvin","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"King, Raymond J.","contributorId":56957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guptill, Stephen C.","contributorId":32909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guptill","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030229,"text":"70030229 - 2006 - Characteristics of a ringtail (Bassariscus astutus) population in Trans Pecos, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:11","indexId":"70030229","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3534,"text":"Texas Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characteristics of a ringtail (Bassariscus astutus) population in Trans Pecos, Texas","docAbstract":"Despite the common occurrence of ringtails (Bassariscus astutus) few studies have been conducted to assess population characteristics. The objectives of this study were to determine (1) habitat selection, (2) home range, (3) denning characteristics, and (4) food habits of ringtails in the Trans Pecos region of west Texas. Seventeen ringtails were captured between November 1999 and January 2001 using Havahart live box traps. Second- and third-order habitat selection was determined for a ringtail population using range sites, slope, elevation, and vegetation communities. Diets were determined from volumetric scat analysis. The mean summer and winter range sizes (100% Minimum Convex Polygon [MCP]) for ringtails (n = 5) were 0.28 ?? 0.163 km2 and 0.63 ?? 0.219 km2, respectively. Overlap between ringtail ranges averaged 33.3%. Ringtails preferred catclaw (Mimosa biuncifera), persimmon (Diospyros texana), oak (Quercus sp.) bottom and catclaw/goldeneye (Viguiera stenoloba), sideoats (Bouteloua curtipendula) slope communities. Rock dens were used exclusively by ringtails, with 80.6% of dens found on slopes between 30-60%. Plant (seeds and miscellaneous vegetation) and animal material were found in 74.6 and 86.6% of scats, respectively. Findings suggest that ringtails in Trans Pecos, Texas, are an important component of the ecosystem and that management practices should conserve canyon habitats and adjacent slopes for ringtails.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Texas Journal of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00404403","usgsCitation":"Ackerson, B., and Harveson, L., 2006, Characteristics of a ringtail (Bassariscus astutus) population in Trans Pecos, Texas: Texas Journal of Science, v. 58, no. 2, p. 169-184.","startPage":"169","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f493e4b0c8380cd4bdc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerson, B.K.","contributorId":20853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerson","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harveson, L.A.","contributorId":73408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harveson","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030739,"text":"70030739 - 2006 - Age, growth, and mortality of introduced flathead catfish in Atlantic rivers and a review of other populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:18","indexId":"70030739","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age, growth, and mortality of introduced flathead catfish in Atlantic rivers and a review of other populations","docAbstract":"Knowledge of individual growth and mortality rates of an introduced fish population is required to determine the success and degree of establishment as well as to predict the fish's impact on native fauna. The age and growth of flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris have been studied extensively in the species' native and introduced ranges, and estimates have varied widely. We quantified individual growth rates and age structure of three introduced flathead catfish populations in North Carolina's Atlantic slope rivers using sagittal otoliths, determined trends in growth rates over time, compared these estimates among rivers in native and introduced ranges, and determined total mortality rates for each population. Growth was significantly faster in the Northeast Cape Fear River (NECFR) than in the Lumber and Neuse rivers. Fish in the NECFR grew to a total length of 700 mm by age 7, whereas fish in the Neuse and Lumber river populations reached this length by 8 and 10 years, respectively. The growth rates of fish in all three rivers were consistently higher than those of native riverine populations, similar to those of native reservoir populations, and slower than those of other introduced riverine populations. In general, recent cohorts (1998-2001 year-classes) in these three rivers exhibited slower growth among all ages than did cohorts previous to the 1998 year-class. The annual total mortality rate was similar among the three rivers, ranging from 0.16 to 0.20. These mortality estimates are considerably lower than those from the Missouri and Mississippi rivers, suggesting relatively low fishing mortality for these introduced populations. Overall, flathead catfish populations in reservoirs grow faster than those in rivers, the growth rates of introduced populations exceed those of native populations, and eastern United States populations grow faster than those in western states. Such trends constitute critical information for understanding and managing local populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M04-144.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Kwak, T., Pine, W., and Waters, D., 2006, Age, growth, and mortality of introduced flathead catfish in Atlantic rivers and a review of other populations: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 26, no. 1, p. 73-87, https://doi.org/10.1577/M04-144.1.","startPage":"73","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211494,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M04-144.1"},{"id":238790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8f8e4b0c8380cd47ffa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kwak, T.J.","contributorId":104236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pine, William E. III","contributorId":56759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pine","given":"William E.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waters, D.S.","contributorId":67701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waters","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030524,"text":"70030524 - 2006 - Composition and physical properties of Enceladus' surface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030524","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Composition and physical properties of Enceladus' surface","docAbstract":"Observations of Saturn's satellite Enceladus using Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer instrument were obtained during three flybys of Enceladus in 2005. Enceladus' surface is composed mostly of nearly pure water ice except near its south pole, where there are light organics, CO2, and amorphous and crystalline water ice, particularly in the region dubbed the \"tiger stripes.\" An upper limit of 5 precipitable nanometers is derived for CO in the atmospheric column above Enceladus, and 2% for NH 3 in global surface deposits. Upper limits of 140 kelvin (for a filled pixel) are derived for the temperatures in the tiger stripes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.1121031","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Brown, R.H., Clark, R.N., Buratti, B.J., Cruikshank, D.P., Barnes, J.W., Mastrapa, R., Bauer, J., Newman, S., Momary, T., Baines, K.H., Bellucci, G., Capaccioni, F., Cerroni, P., Combes, M., Coradini, A., Drossart, P., Formisano, V., Jaumann, R., Langavin, Y., Matson, D.L., McCord, T.B., Nelson, R., Nicholson, P.D., Sicardy, B., and Sotin, C., 2006, Composition and physical properties of Enceladus' surface: Science, v. 311, no. 5766, p. 1425-1428, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1121031.","startPage":"1425","endPage":"1428","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211901,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1121031"},{"id":239277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"311","issue":"5766","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f920e4b0c8380cd4d44e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cruikshank, D. P.","contributorId":51434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruikshank","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barnes, J. W.","contributorId":14554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mastrapa, R.M.E.","contributorId":23758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastrapa","given":"R.M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bauer, J.","contributorId":85400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Newman, S.","contributorId":7678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Momary, T.","contributorId":17415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Momary","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bellucci, G.","contributorId":46256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellucci","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Capaccioni, F.","contributorId":90900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capaccioni","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Cerroni, P.","contributorId":7869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cerroni","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Combes, M.","contributorId":66892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Combes","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Coradini, A.","contributorId":34679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coradini","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Drossart, P.","contributorId":29574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drossart","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Formisano, V.","contributorId":44694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Formisano","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Langavin, Y.","contributorId":45513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langavin","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Matson, D. L.","contributorId":59940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"McCord, T. B.","contributorId":69695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Nelson, R.M.","contributorId":38316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Nicholson, P. D.","contributorId":54330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Sicardy, B.","contributorId":57622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sicardy","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25}]}} ,{"id":70030738,"text":"70030738 - 2006 - Characterization of unsaturated zone hydrogeologic units using matrix properties and depositional history in a complex volcanic environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-30T12:23:18","indexId":"70030738","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of unsaturated zone hydrogeologic units using matrix properties and depositional history in a complex volcanic environment","docAbstract":"Characterization of the physical and unsaturated hydrologic properties of subsurface materials is necessary to calculate flow and transport for land use practices and to evaluate subsurface processes such as perched water or lateral diversion of water, which are influenced by features such as faults, fractures, and abrupt changes in lithology. Input for numerical flow models typically includes parameters that describe hydrologic properties and the initial and boundary conditions for all materials in the unsaturated zone, such as bulk density, porosity, and particle density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, moisture-retention characteristics, and field water content. We describe an approach for systematically evaluating the site features that contribute to water flow, using physical and hydraulic data collected at the laboratory scale, to provide a representative set of physical and hydraulic parameters for numerically calculating flow of water through the materials at a site. An example case study from analyses done for the heterogeneous, layered, volcanic rocks at Yucca Mountain is presented, but the general approach for parameterization could be applied at any site where depositional processes follow deterministic patterns. Hydrogeologic units at this site were defined using (i) a database developed from 5320 rock samples collected from the coring of 23 shallow (<100 m) and 10 deep (500–1000 m) boreholes, (ii) lithostratigraphic boundaries and corresponding relations to porosity, (iii) transition zones with pronounced changes in properties over short vertical distances, (iv) characterization of the influence of mineral alteration on hydrologic properties such as permeability and moisture-retention characteristics, and (v) a statistical analysis to evaluate where boundaries should be adjusted to minimize the variance within layers. Model parameters developed in this study, and the relation of flow properties to porosity, can be used to produce detailed and accurate representations of the core-scale hydrologic processes ongoing at Yucca Mountain.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2136/vzj2004.0180","usgsCitation":"Flint, L.E., Buesch, D.C., and Flint, A.L., 2006, Characterization of unsaturated zone hydrogeologic units using matrix properties and depositional history in a complex volcanic environment: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 5, no. 1, p. 480-492, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2004.0180.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"480","endPage":"492","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4e8e4b0c8380cd4bfce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buesch, David C. 0000-0002-4978-5027 dbuesch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4978-5027","contributorId":1154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buesch","given":"David","email":"dbuesch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030230,"text":"70030230 - 2006 - Restoration and colonization of freshwater mussels and fish in a southeastern United States tailwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:10","indexId":"70030230","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Restoration and colonization of freshwater mussels and fish in a southeastern United States tailwater","docAbstract":"The French Broad River originates in North Carolina, flows west into Tennessee and at its confluence with the Holston River forms the Tennessee River. Douglas Dam, located on the French Broad River 52 km above its mouth, is operated primarily for peaking hydroelectric power and flood control. Prior to completion of the dam in 1943, the lower French Broad River contained about 53 species of freshwater mussels and 100 species of fish. By 1977, the fauna in the 52-km-long tailwater was reduced to 12 species of mussels and 42 native species of fish. Improvements in tailwater conditions occurred following initiation of minimum flows in 1987, and consistent reaeration of discharge in 1993. From 1988 to 2002, we sampled three sites (4, 28, and 39 km downstream of the dam) to monitor the fish assemblage. Each year since 1988, we have collected one or more additional species, indicating continued immigration. We collected 82 native and 9 exotic species of fish overall, but the maximum of 67 species in 1 year suggests that some species reside in the tailwater at low densities or all immigrants may not successfully colonize the tailwater. There is limited potential for most extirpated species of mussels to naturally recolonize the tailwater because source populations are isolated. Consequently, 19 754 adult mussels of 19 species were introduced between 1997 and 2000. Survival of translocated mussels has been high, and successful reproduction of at least one translocated species has occurred. Additionally, four mussel species are naturally colonizing the tailwater. Colonization and recruitment of additional mussel species is expected as populations of their host fishes increase. We believe that the improved conditions of the tailwater may allow for the re-establishment of sustaining populations of 30 mussel species of historic occurrence, but the continued operation of Douglas Dam as a peaking hydroelectric project will reduce the probability of successfully reintroducing some species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Research and Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/rra.919","issn":"15351459","usgsCitation":"Layzer, J., and Scott, E., 2006, Restoration and colonization of freshwater mussels and fish in a southeastern United States tailwater: River Research and Applications, v. 22, no. 4, p. 475-491, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.919.","startPage":"475","endPage":"491","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212140,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.919"},{"id":239576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaabde4b0c8380cd864dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Layzer, J.B.","contributorId":53878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Layzer","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, E.M. Jr.","contributorId":63617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"E.M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030527,"text":"70030527 - 2006 - Thermodynamic properties and crystal structure refinement of ferricopiapite, coquimbite, rhomboclase, and Fe2(SO4)3(H2O)5","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T09:17:37","indexId":"70030527","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1593,"text":"European Journal of Mineralogy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermodynamic properties and crystal structure refinement of ferricopiapite, coquimbite, rhomboclase, and Fe2(SO4)3(H2O)5","docAbstract":"Enthalpies of formation of ferricopiapite [nominally Fe4.67(SO4)6(OH)2 (H2O)20]. coquimbite [Fe2(SO4)3(H2O)9], rhomboclase [(H3O)Fe(SO4)2 (H2O)3], and Fe2(SO4)3(H2O)5 were measured by acid (5 N HCl) solution calorimetry. The samples were characterized by wet chemical analyses and synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The refinement of XRD patterns gave lattice parameters, atomic positions, thermal factors, and occupancies of the sites. The calculated formulae differ slightly from the nominal compositions: Fe4.78(SO4)6 (OH)2.34(H2O)20.71 (ferricopiapite), (Fe1.47Al0.53)(SO4)3 (H2O)9.65 (coquimbite), (H3O)1.34Fe(SO4)2.17 (H2O)3.06 (rhomboclase), and Fe2(SO4)3 (H2O)5.03. All thermodynamic data are given per mole of these formulae. The measured standard enthalpies (in kJ/mol) of formation from the elements (crystalline Fe, Al, S, and ideal gases O2 and H2) at T = 298.15 K are -4115.8??4.1 [Fe2(SO4)3 (H2O)5.03], -12045.1??9.2 (ferricopiapite), -5738.4??3.3 (coquimbite), and -3201.1??2.6 (rhomboclase). Standard entropy (S??) was estimated as a sum of entropies of oxide, hydroxide, and sulfate components. The estimated S?? (in J/mol.K) values for the iron sulfates are 488.2 [Fe2(SO4)3 (H2O)5.03], 1449.2 (ferricopiapite), 638.3 (coquimbite), and 380.1 (rhomboclase). The calculated Gibbs free energies of formation (in kJ/mol) are -3499.7??4.2 [Fe2(SO4)3 (H2O)5.03], -10089.8??9.3 (ferricopiapite), -4845.6??3.3 (coquimbite), and -2688.0??2.7 (rhomboclase). These results combined with other available thermodynamic data allow construction of mineral stability diagrams in the FeIII2(SO4)3-FeII SO4-H2O system. One such diagram is provided, indicating that the order of stability of ferric sulfate minerals with decreasing pH in the range of 1.5 to -0.5 is: hydronium jarosite, ferricopiapite, and rhomboclase. ?? 2006 E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"European Journal of Mineralogy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1127/0935-1221/2006/0018-0175","issn":"09351221","usgsCitation":"Majzlan, J., Navrotsky, A., McCleskey, R.B., and Alpers, C.N., 2006, Thermodynamic properties and crystal structure refinement of ferricopiapite, coquimbite, rhomboclase, and Fe2(SO4)3(H2O)5: European Journal of Mineralogy, v. 18, no. 2, p. 175-186, https://doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2006/0018-0175.","startPage":"175","endPage":"186","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211928,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2006/0018-0175"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb272e4b08c986b3257e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Majzlan, J.","contributorId":42427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Majzlan","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Navrotsky, A.","contributorId":45841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Navrotsky","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":427531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":427534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030588,"text":"70030588 - 2006 - A 3-decade dearth of deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in a wolf (Canis lupus)-dominated ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-09T17:21:07.322296","indexId":"70030588","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"A 3-decade dearth of deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in a wolf (Canis lupus)-dominated ecosystem","title":"A 3-decade dearth of deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in a wolf (Canis lupus)-dominated ecosystem","docAbstract":"Some 30 y after wolves (Canis lupus) were implicated in decimating wintering white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in a 3000-km2 area of northeastern Minnesota, wintering deer still have not recolonized the area. From 1976 to 2004, we aerially radio-tracked wolves there during 250 h and recorded 2 deer (in 1985 and 2000) killed or eaten by wolves during February and March. We observed no other deer or deer sign, but regularly observed deer, deer sign and wolf-killed deer in adjacent wolf-pack territories. Although habitat in the study area generally remains poor, some regeneration has taken place, and deer have increased adjacent to the area. However, wolf numbers have persisted by preying on moose (Alces alces). We could detect no reason other than wolf predation and deer migration traditions for why wintering deer have not recolonized the area.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2006)155[373:ADDODO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Nelson, M.E., and Mech, L.D., 2006, A 3-decade dearth of deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in a wolf (Canis lupus)-dominated ecosystem: American Midland Naturalist, v. 155, no. 2, p. 373-382, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2006)155[373:ADDODO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"373","endPage":"382","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":412912,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"northeast Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.6806640625,\n 47.39834920035926\n ],\n [\n -90.966796875,\n 47.39834920035926\n ],\n [\n -90.966796875,\n 48.011975126709956\n ],\n [\n -92.6806640625,\n 48.011975126709956\n ],\n [\n -92.6806640625,\n 47.39834920035926\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"155","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2c4e4b0c8380cd45c29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Michael E.","contributorId":7397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":427761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030530,"text":"70030530 - 2006 - Bullfrog tadpole (Rana catesbeiana) and red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) predation on early life stages of endangered razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030530","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bullfrog tadpole (Rana catesbeiana) and red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) predation on early life stages of endangered razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus)","docAbstract":"Bullfrog tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana) and red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) are widespread introduced taxa that are problematic throughout the western United States. Their impact on native amphibians and crustaceans is well documented, but less is known regarding their influence on native fishes. Predator-prey tank tests showed both species consumed eggs and larvae of the endangered razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) in a laboratory setting. Tadpoles consumed 2.2 razorback sucker eggs/d and 1.4 razorback sucker larvae/d, while crayfish ate 6.0 eggs/d and 3.5 larvae/d. Relatively high densities of bullfrog tadpoles and crayfish in razorback sucker spawning areas suggest that these nonnative taxa might pose a threat to the recruitment success of this and other imperiled native fish.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[258:BTRCAR]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00384909","usgsCitation":"Mueller, G., Carpenter, J., and Thornbrugh, D., 2006, Bullfrog tadpole (Rana catesbeiana) and red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) predation on early life stages of endangered razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus): Southwestern Naturalist, v. 51, no. 2, p. 258-261, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[258:BTRCAR]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"258","endPage":"261","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477451,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[258:btrcar]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211957,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[258:BTRCAR]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":239347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2b1e4b0c8380cd4b2e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, G.A.","contributorId":9205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, J.","contributorId":102017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thornbrugh, D.","contributorId":95685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornbrugh","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030587,"text":"70030587 - 2006 - Extracting the building response using seismic interferometry: Theory and application to the Millikan Library in Pasadena, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030587","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extracting the building response using seismic interferometry: Theory and application to the Millikan Library in Pasadena, California","docAbstract":"The motion of a building depends on the excitation, the coupling of the building to the ground, and the mechanical properties of the building. We separate the building response from the excitation and the ground coupling by deconvolving the motion recorded at different levels in the building and apply this to recordings of the motion in the Robert A. Millikan Library in Pasadena, California. This deconvolution allows for the separation of instrinsic attenuation and radiation damping. The waveforms obtained from deconvolution with the motion in the top floor show a superposition of one upgoing and one downgoing wave. The waveforms obtained by deconvolution with the motion in the basement can be formulated either as a sum of upgoing and downgoing waves, or as a sum over normal modes. Because these deconvolved waves for late time have a monochromatic character, they are most easily analyzed with normal-mode theory. For this building we estimate a shear velocity c = 322 m/sec and a quality factor Q = 20. These values explain both the propagating waves and the normal modes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120050109","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Snieder, R., and Safak, E., 2006, Extracting the building response using seismic interferometry: Theory and application to the Millikan Library in Pasadena, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 2, p. 586-598, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050109.","startPage":"586","endPage":"598","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211759,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050109"},{"id":239110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e5be4b0c8380cd533eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snieder, R.","contributorId":63924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snieder","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Safak, E.","contributorId":104070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safak","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030532,"text":"70030532 - 2006 - Holocene history of drift ice in the northern North Atlantic: Evidence for different spatial and temporal modes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030532","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3002,"text":"Paleoceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene history of drift ice in the northern North Atlantic: Evidence for different spatial and temporal modes","docAbstract":"We present new high-resolution proxy data for the Holocene history of drift ice off Iceland based on the mineralogy of the <2-mm sediment fraction using quantitative X-ray diffraction. These new data, bolstered by a comparison with published proxy records, point to a long-term increasing trend in drift ice input into the North Atlantic from 6 to 5 ka toward the present day at sites influenced by the cold east Greenland Current. This feature reflects the late Holocene Neoglacial or cooling period recorded in ice cores and further terrestrial archives on Greenland. In contrast, a decrease in drift ice during the same period is recorded at sites underlying the North Atlantic Drift, which may reflect a warming of this region. The results document that Holocene changes in iceberg rafting and sea ice advection did not occur uniformly across the North Atlantic. Centennial-scale climate variability in the North Atlantic region over the last ???4 kyr is linked to the observed changes in drift ice input. Increased drift ice may have played a role in the increase of cold intervals during the late Holocene, e.g., the Little Ice Age cooling. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleoceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005PA001214","issn":"08838305","usgsCitation":"Moros, M., Andrews, J.T., Eberl, D.D., and Jansen, E., 2006, Holocene history of drift ice in the northern North Atlantic: Evidence for different spatial and temporal modes: Paleoceanography, v. 21, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005PA001214.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211959,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005PA001214"},{"id":239349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31e8e4b0c8380cd5e334","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moros, M.","contributorId":49597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moros","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, John T.","contributorId":79678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jansen, E.","contributorId":45514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jansen","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030540,"text":"70030540 - 2006 - The role of environmental gradients in non-native plant invasion into burnt areas of Yosemite National Park, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70030540","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of environmental gradients in non-native plant invasion into burnt areas of Yosemite National Park, California","docAbstract":"Fire is known to facilitate the invasion of many non-native plant species, but how invasion into burnt areas varies along environmental gradients is not well-understood. We used two pre-existing data sets to analyse patterns of invasion by non-native plant species into burnt areas along gradients of topography, soil and vegetation structure in Yosemite National Park, California, USA. A total of 46 non-native species (all herbaceous) were recorded in the two data sets. They occurred in all seven of the major plant formations in the park, but were least common in subalpine and upper montane conifer forests. There was no significant difference in species richness or cover of non-natives between burnt and unburnt areas for either data set, and environmental gradients had a stronger effect on patterns of non-native species distribution, abundance and species composition than burning. Cover and species richness of non-natives had significant positive correlations with slope (steepness) and herbaceous cover, while species richness had significant negative correlations with elevation, the number of years post-burn, and cover of woody vegetation. Non-native species comprised a relatively minor component of the vegetation in both burnt and unburnt areas in Yosemite (percentage species Combining double low line 4%, mean cover < 6.0%), and those species that did occur in burnt areas tended not to persist over time. The results indicate that in many western montane ecosystems, fire alone will not necessarily result in increased rates of invasion into burnt areas. However, it would be premature to conclude that non-native species could not affect post-fire succession patterns in these systems. Short fire-return intervals and high fire severity coupled with increased propagule pressure from areas used heavily by humans could still lead to high rates of invasion, establishment and spread even in highly protected areas such as Yosemite. ?? 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diversity and Distributions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00203.x","issn":"13669516","usgsCitation":"Klinger, R., Underwood, E., and Moore, P., 2006, The role of environmental gradients in non-native plant invasion into burnt areas of Yosemite National Park, California: Diversity and Distributions, v. 12, no. 2, p. 139-156, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00203.x.","startPage":"139","endPage":"156","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477415,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/8ph7j24w","text":"External Repository"},{"id":212073,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00203.x"},{"id":239490,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf6ae4b08c986b324794","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klinger, R.","contributorId":78493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klinger","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Underwood, E.C.","contributorId":47134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Underwood","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, P.E.","contributorId":57395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030238,"text":"70030238 - 2006 - Fossilized embryos are widespread but the record is temporally and taxonomically biased","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030238","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1599,"text":"Evolution and Development","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fossilized embryos are widespread but the record is temporally and taxonomically biased","docAbstract":"We report new discoveries of embryos and egg capsules from the Lower Cambrian of Siberia, Middle Cambrian of Australia and Lower Ordovician of North America. Together with existing records, embryos have now been recorded from four of the seven continents. However, the new discoveries highlight secular and systematic biases in the fossil record of embryonic stages. The temporal window within which the embryos and egg capsules are found is of relatively short duration; it ends in the Early Ordovician and is roughly coincident with that of typical \"Orsten\"-type faunas. The reduced occurrence of such fossils has been attributed to reducing levels of phosphate in marine waters during the early Paleozoic, but may also be owing to the increasing depth of sediment mixing by infaunal metazoans. Furthermore, most records younger than the earliest Cambrian are of a single kind - large eggs and embryos of the priapulid-like scalidophoran Markuelia. We explore alternative explanations for the low taxonomic diversity of embryos recovered thus far, including sampling, size, anatomy, ecology, and environment, concluding that the preponderance of Markuelia embryos is due to its precocious development of cuticle at an embryonic stage, predisposing it to preservation through action as a substrate on which microbially mediated precipitation of authigenic calcium phosphate may occur. The fossil record of embryos may be limited to a late Neoproterozoic to early Ordovician snapshot that is subject to dramatic systematic bias. Together, these biases must be considered seriously in attempts to use the fossil record to arbitrate between hypotheses of developmental and life history evolution implicated in the origin of metazoan clades. ?? 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Evolution and Development","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1525-142X.2006.00093.x","issn":"1520541X","usgsCitation":"Donoghue, P., Kouchinsky, A., Waloszek, D., Bengtson, S., Dong, X., Val’Kov, A., Cunningham, J., and Repetski, J., 2006, Fossilized embryos are widespread but the record is temporally and taxonomically biased: Evolution and Development, v. 8, no. 2, p. 232-238, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-142X.2006.00093.x.","startPage":"232","endPage":"238","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211740,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-142X.2006.00093.x"},{"id":239088,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a138be4b0c8380cd546b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donoghue, P.C.J.","contributorId":56018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donoghue","given":"P.C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kouchinsky, A.","contributorId":17828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kouchinsky","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waloszek, Dieter","contributorId":95256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waloszek","given":"Dieter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bengtson, S.","contributorId":6252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bengtson","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dong, X.-P.","contributorId":94846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dong","given":"X.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Val’Kov, A.K.","contributorId":98943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Val’Kov","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cunningham, J.A.","contributorId":101872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Repetski, J.E.","contributorId":38579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70030239,"text":"70030239 - 2006 - Arbuscular mycorrhizal assemblages in native plant roots change in the presence of invasive exotic grasses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70030239","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3089,"text":"Plant and Soil","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal assemblages in native plant roots change in the presence of invasive exotic grasses","docAbstract":"Plant invasions have the potential to significantly alter soil microbial communities, given their often considerable aboveground effects. We examined how plant invasions altered the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of native plant roots in a grassland site in California and one in Utah. In the California site, we used experimentally created plant communities composed of exotic (Avena barbata, Bromus hordeaceus) and native (Nassella pulchra, Lupinus bicolor) monocultures and mixtures. In the Utah semi-arid grassland, we took advantage of invasion by Bromus tectorum into long-term plots dominated by either of two native grasses, Hilaria jamesii or Stipa hymenoides. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonizing roots were characterized with PCR amplification of the ITS region, cloning, and sequencing. We saw a significant effect of the presence of exotic grasses on the diversity of mycorrhizal fungi colonizing native plant roots. In the three native grasses, richness of mycorrhizal fungi decreased; in the native forb at the California site, the number of fungal RFLP patterns increased in the presence of exotics. The exotic grasses also caused the composition of the mycorrhizal community in native roots to shift dramatically both in California, with turnover of Glomus spp., and Utah, with replacement of Glomus spp. by apparently non-mycorrhizal fungi. Invading plants may be able to influence the network of mycorrhizal fungi in soil that is available to natives through either earlier root activity or differential carbon provision compared to natives. Alteration of the soil microbial community by plant invasion can provide a mechanism for both successful invasion and the resulting effects of invaders on the ecosystem. ?? Springer 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Plant and Soil","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11104-005-4826-3","issn":"0032079X","usgsCitation":"Hawkes, C., Belnap, J., D'Antonio, C., and Firestone, M., 2006, Arbuscular mycorrhizal assemblages in native plant roots change in the presence of invasive exotic grasses: Plant and Soil, v. 281, no. 1-2, p. 369-380, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-4826-3.","startPage":"369","endPage":"380","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211770,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-4826-3"},{"id":239122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"281","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed2be4b0c8380cd4967e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hawkes, C.V.","contributorId":88949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkes","given":"C.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, J. 0000-0001-7471-2279","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":23872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"D'Antonio, C.","contributorId":47979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D'Antonio","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Firestone, M.K.","contributorId":10593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Firestone","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030737,"text":"70030737 - 2006 - Alpersite (Mg,Cu)SO4·7H2O, a new mineral of the melanterite group, and cuprian pentahydrite: Their occurrence within mine waste","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-30T11:37:38","indexId":"70030737","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Alpersite (Mg,Cu)SO4·7H2O, a new mineral of the melanterite group, and cuprian pentahydrite: their occurrence within mine waste","title":"Alpersite (Mg,Cu)SO4·7H2O, a new mineral of the melanterite group, and cuprian pentahydrite: Their occurrence within mine waste","docAbstract":"Alpersite, Mg0.58Cu0.37Zn0.02Mn0.02Fe0.01SO4·7H2O, a new mineral species with direct relevance to reactions in mine waste, occurs in a mineralogically zoned assemblage in sheltered areas at the abandoned Big Mike mine in central Nevada at a relative humidity of 65% and T = 4 °C. Blue alpersite, which is isostructural with melanterite (FeSO4·7H2O), is overlain by a light blue to white layer dominated by pickeringite, alunogen, and epsomite. X-ray diffraction data (MoKα radiation) from a single crystal of alpersite were refined in P21/c, resulting in wR = 0.05 and cell dimensions a = 14.166(4), b = 6.534(2), c = 10.838(3) Å, β = 105.922(6)°, Z = 4. Site-occupancy refinement, constrained to be consistent with the compositional data, showed Mg to occupy the M1 site and Cu the M2 site. The octahedral distortion of M2 is consistent with 72% Cu occupancy when compared with the site-distortion data of substituted melanterite.
\nCuprian pentahydrite, with the formula (Mg0.49Cu0.41Mn0.08Zn0.02)SO4·5H2O, was collected from an efflorescent rim on a depression that had held water in a large waste-rock area near Miami, Arizona. After dissolution of the efflorescence in de-ionized water, and evaporation of the supernatant liquid, alpersite precipitated and quickly dehydrated to cuprian pentahydrite. These observations are consistent with previous experimental studies of the system MgSO4-CuSO4-H2O. It is suspected that alpersite and cuprian pentahydrite are widespread in mine wastes that contain Cu-bearing sulfides, but in which solubilized Fe2+ is not available for melanterite crystallization because of oxidation to Fe3+ in surface waters of near-neutral pH. Alpersite has likely been overlooked in the past because of the close similarity of its physical properties to those of melanterite and chalcanthite. Alpersite is named after Charles N. Alpers, geochemist with the United States Geological Survey, who has made significant contributions to our understanding of the mineralogical controls of mine-water geochemistry.
","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","doi":"10.2138/am.2006.1911","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Peterson, R.C., Hammarstrom, J.M., and Seal, R., 2006, Alpersite (Mg,Cu)SO4·7H2O, a new mineral of the melanterite group, and cuprian pentahydrite: Their occurrence within mine waste: American Mineralogist, v. 91, no. 2-3, p. 261-269, https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2006.1911.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"269","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211464,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am.2006.1911"}],"volume":"91","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e973e4b0c8380cd482b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Ronald C.","contributorId":103070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hammarstrom, Jane M. 0000-0003-2742-3460 jhammars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2742-3460","contributorId":1226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"Jane","email":"jhammars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seal, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030240,"text":"70030240 - 2006 - Diet shifts of lesser scaup are consistent with the spring condition hypothesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T10:29:58","indexId":"70030240","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diet shifts of lesser scaup are consistent with the spring condition hypothesis","docAbstract":"We compared diets of lesser scaup (Aythya affinis (Eyton, 1838)) in the springs of 2000 and 2001 to those reported in the 1970s and the 1980s to determine whether forage quality has declined as predicted by the spring condition hypothesis. In Minnesota, we found that the current aggregate percentage of Amphipoda (an important food item) in lesser scaup diets was 94% lower than that reported from the same locations in the 1980s. Current mean individual prey mass of Amphipoda and Bivalvia in Minnesota were 86.6% and 85.1% lower than historical levels, respectively. In Manitoba, current aggregate percentages of Trichoptera and Chaoboridae in lesser scaup diets (1% and 0%, respectively) were lower than those reported from the same location in the 1970s (14% and 2%, respectively), whereas the percentage of Chironomidae (40%) was higher than that of historical levels (19%). Current mean individual prey mass of all insects, seeds, Chironomidae, and Zygoptera in Manitoba were 63.5%, 65.4%, 44.1%, and 44.9% lower than those of historical levels, respectively. The observed dietary shift from Amphipoda to less nutritious prey in Minnesota, coupled with lower mean individual prey mass in both locations, likely constitutes lower forage quality in lesser scaup diets, which is consistent with the spring condition hypothesis.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/Z06-047","issn":"00084301","usgsCitation":"Anteau, M., and Afton, A., 2006, Diet shifts of lesser scaup are consistent with the spring condition hypothesis: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 84, no. 6, p. 779-786, https://doi.org/10.1139/Z06-047.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"779","endPage":"786","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211771,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/Z06-047"}],"volume":"84","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00d8e4b0c8380cd4f959","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anteau, M.J.","contributorId":12807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anteau","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":426264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030736,"text":"70030736 - 2006 - Evaluation of a recirculating pond system for rearing juvenile freshwater mussels at White Sulphur Springs National Fish Hatchery, West Virginia, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:18","indexId":"70030736","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":735,"text":"American Malacological Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of a recirculating pond system for rearing juvenile freshwater mussels at White Sulphur Springs National Fish Hatchery, West Virginia, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"A recirculating double-pond system at White Sulphur Springs National Fish Hatchery in West Virginia, U.S.A., was evaluated for suitability for culturing juvenile freshwater mussels. Newly metamorphosed juveniles of Villosa iris and Lampsilis fasciola were placed in the system, and their growth and survival were evaluated for 94 days. Throughout the study, parameters of water quality remained within ranges suitable for mussel survival. Planktonic algal densities in the pond system ranged from 2850 to 6892 cells/ml. Thirty-seven algal taxa were identified, primarily green algae (Chlorophyta), diatoms (Bacillariophyceae), and blue-green algae (Cyanoprokaryota). Over the culture period, juveniles of L. fasciola experienced significantly lower (p < 0.001) survival (6.3% ?? 4.5) than those of V. iris (49.8% ?? 14.5). The very low survival rate of L. fasciola may indicate a failure of the flow-through pond environment to meet its habitat requirements or that variable microhabitat conditions within culture containers existed. Growth did not differ significantly between the species (p = 0.13). Survival of V. iris and growth of both species were similar to previous trials to culture juvenile mussels. Survival rates as high as 66.4% at 93 days for V. iris suggest that juveniles of some riverine species can be successfully cultured in a recirculating pond environment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Malacological Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07402783","usgsCitation":"Mummert, A., Newcomb, T., Neves, R.J., and Parker, B., 2006, Evaluation of a recirculating pond system for rearing juvenile freshwater mussels at White Sulphur Springs National Fish Hatchery, West Virginia, U.S.A.: American Malacological Bulletin, v. 21, no. 1-2, p. 1-10.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238724,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c37e4b0c8380cd52a9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mummert, A.","contributorId":41297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mummert","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newcomb, T.J.","contributorId":86651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newcomb","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neves, R. J.","contributorId":30936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neves","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parker, B.","contributorId":26586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029012,"text":"70029012 - 2006 - Wildfires threaten mercury stocks in northern soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:59","indexId":"70029012","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wildfires threaten mercury stocks in northern soils","docAbstract":"With climate change rapidly affecting northern forests and wetlands, mercury reserves once protected in cold, wet soils are being exposed to burning, likely triggering large releases of mercury to the atmosphere. We quantify organic soil mercury stocks and burn areas across western, boreal Canada for use in fire emission models that explore controls of burn area, consumption severity, and fuel loading on atmospheric mercury emissions. Though renowned as hotspots for the accumulation of mercury and its transformation to the toxic methylmercury, boreal wetlands might soon transition to hotspots for atmospheric mercury emissions. Estimates of circumboreal mercury emissions from this study are 15-fold greater than estimates that do not account for mercury stored in peat soils. Ongoing and projected increases in boreal wildfire activity due to climate change will increase atmospheric mercury emissions, contributing to the anthropogenic alteration of the global mercury cycle and exacerbating mercury toxicities for northern food chains. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005GL025595","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Turetsky, M., Harden, J., Friedli, H., Flannigan, M., Payne, N., Crock, J., and Radke, L., 2006, Wildfires threaten mercury stocks in northern soils: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 33, no. 16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL025595.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477356,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl025595","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209620,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL025595"},{"id":236278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd0d6e4b08c986b32f0b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turetsky, M.R.","contributorId":107470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turetsky","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedli, H.R.","contributorId":61227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedli","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flannigan, M.","contributorId":62391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flannigan","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13540,"text":"Canadian Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":420954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Payne, N.","contributorId":55189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Crock, J.","contributorId":60828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Radke, L.","contributorId":51965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radke","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70030735,"text":"70030735 - 2006 - A discovery of extremely-enriched boehmite from coal in the Junger Coalfield, the northeastern Ordos Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:18","indexId":"70030735","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":634,"text":"Acta Geologica Sinica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A discovery of extremely-enriched boehmite from coal in the Junger Coalfield, the northeastern Ordos Basin","docAbstract":"The authors found an extremely-enriched boehmite and its associated minerals for the first time in the super-thick No. 6 coal seam from the Junger Coalfield in the northeastern Ordos Basin by using technologies including the X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, and optical microscope. The content of boehmite is as high as 13.1%, and the associated minerals are goyazite, zircon, rutile, goethite, galena, clausthalite, and selenio-galena. The heavy minerals assemblage is similar to that in the bauxite of the Benxi Formation from North China. The high boehmite in coal is mainly from weathering crust bauxite of the Benxi Formation from the northeastern coal-accumulation basin. The gibbsite colloidstone solution was removed from bauxite to the peat mire, and boehmite was formed via compaction and dehydration of gibbsite colloidstone solution in the period of peat accumulation and early period of diagenesis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta Geologica Sinica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"Chinese","issn":"00015717","usgsCitation":"Dai, S., Ren, D., Li, S., and Chou, C., 2006, A discovery of extremely-enriched boehmite from coal in the Junger Coalfield, the northeastern Ordos Basin: Acta Geologica Sinica, v. 80, no. 2, p. 294-300.","startPage":"294","endPage":"300","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3c1e4b0c8380cd461e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dai, S.","contributorId":9757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dai","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ren, D.","contributorId":79212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ren","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Li, S.","contributorId":41969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chou, C.","contributorId":66056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030542,"text":"70030542 - 2006 - New maps, new information: Coral reefs of the Florida keys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70030542","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New maps, new information: Coral reefs of the Florida keys","docAbstract":"A highly detailed digitized map depicts 22 benthic habitats in 3140.5 km2 of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Dominant are a seagrass/lime-mud zone (map area 27.5%) throughout Hawk Channel and seagrass/carbonate-sand (18.7%) and bare carbonate-sand (17.3%) zones on the outer shelf and in The Quicksands. A lime-mud/seagrass-covered muddy carbonate-sand zone (9.6%) abuts the keys. Hardbottom communities (13.2%) consist of bare Pleistocene coralline and oolitic limestone, coral rubble, and senile coral reefs. Smaller terrestrial (4.0%) and marine habitats, including those of live coral (patch reefs, 0.7%), account for the rest (13.7%) of the area. Derived from aerial photomosaics, the seabed dataset fits precisely when transposed onto a newly developed National Geophysical Data Center hydrographic-bathymetry map. Combined, the maps point to new information on unstudied seabed morphologies, among them an erosional nearshore rock ledge bordering the seaward side of the Florida Keys and thousands of patch-reef clusters aligned in mid-Hawk Channel. Preliminary indications are that the ledge may represent the seaward extent of the 125-ka Key Largo and Miami Limestone that form the keys, and the patch reefs colonized landward edges of two noncoralline, non-dune-ridge topographic troughs. The troughs, their substrate, and inner-shelf location along the seaward side of the Hawk Channel bedrock depression are the first of that type of nuclei to be recognized in the Florida reef record. Together, the map datasets establish the efficacy and accuracy of using aerial photographs to define in extraordinary detail the seabed features and habitats in a shallow-reef setting.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2112/05A-0023.1","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Lidz, B.H., Reich, C., Peterson, R., and Shinn, E., 2006, New maps, new information: Coral reefs of the Florida keys: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 22, no. 2, p. 260-282, https://doi.org/10.2112/05A-0023.1.","startPage":"260","endPage":"282","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212102,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/05A-0023.1"},{"id":239525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a65e6e4b0c8380cd72c91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lidz, B. H.","contributorId":30651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidz","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reich, C. D. 0000-0002-2534-1456","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2534-1456","contributorId":36978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reich","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, R.L.","contributorId":37151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shinn, E.A.","contributorId":38610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028990,"text":"70028990 - 2006 - Impacts of aircraft deicer and anti-icer runoff on receiving waters from Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, Texas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028990","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of aircraft deicer and anti-icer runoff on receiving waters from Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, Texas, USA","docAbstract":"From October 2002 to April 2004, data were collected from Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW) International Airport (TX, USA) outfalls and receiving waters (Trigg Lake and Big Bear Creek) to document the magnitude and potential effects of aircraft deicer and anti-icer fluid (ADAF) runoff on water quality. Glycol concentrations at outfalls ranged from less than 18 to 23,800 mg/L, whereas concentrations in Big Bear Creek were less because of dilution, dispersion, and degradation, ranging from less than 18 to 230 mg/L. Annual loading results indicate that 10 and 35% of what was applied to aircraft was discharged to Big Bear Creek in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Glycol that entered Trigg Lake was diluted and degraded before reaching the lake outlet. Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations at airport outfalls sometimes were low (<2.0 mg/L) but typical of what was measured in an urban reference stream. In comparison, the DO concentration at Trigg Lake monitoring sites was consistently greater than 5.5 mg/L during the monitoring period, probably because of the installation of aerators in the lake by DFW personnel. The DO concentration in Big Bear Creek was very similar at sites upstream and downstream of airport influence (>5.0 mg/L). Results of toxicity tests indicate that effects on Ceriodaphnia dubia, Pimephales promelas, and Selanastrum capricornutum are influenced by type IV ADAF (anti-icer), not just type I ADAF (deicer) as is more commonly assumed. ?? 2006 SETAC.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/06-100R.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Corsi, S., Harwell, G., Geis, S., and Bergman, D., 2006, Impacts of aircraft deicer and anti-icer runoff on receiving waters from Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, Texas, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 25, no. 11, p. 2890-2900, https://doi.org/10.1897/06-100R.1.","startPage":"2890","endPage":"2900","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209911,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/06-100R.1"},{"id":236663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38e2e4b0c8380cd6170c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corsi, S.R.","contributorId":76346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corsi","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harwell, G.R.","contributorId":56845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwell","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geis, S.W.","contributorId":86538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geis","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bergman, D.","contributorId":35932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergman","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}