A preliminary report on environmental factors relating to some prehistoric Indian migrations in the lower San Juan Valley region, northeastern Arizona
Duck Viral Enteritis (DVE) was first recognized in North America in January 1967, when an outbreak occurred in a commercial flock of white Pekin ducks in Suffolk County, Long Island, New York (Leibovitz and Hwang, 1968b). Originally described as a disease of domestic ducks in the Netherlands, DVE has since been reported from India and Belgium. it is also believed to have occurred in China and France (Jansen, 1968).
This paper briefly reviews the status of DVE among wild waterfowl in North America and describes some of the characteristic lesions associated with this disease. The paper also mentions some of the work which has been undertaken to learn more about the status of DVE in North America.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the twenty-second annual conference of the Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Twenty-second annual conference of the Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners","conferenceDate":"October 21-23, 1968","conferenceLocation":"Baltimore, MD","language":"English","publisher":"Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners","publisherLocation":"Columbia, SC","usgsCitation":"Locke, L.N., Leibovitz, L., Herman, C.M., and Walker, J., 1969, Duck viral enteritis (duck plague) in North American Waterfowl, in Proceedings of the twenty-second annual conference of the Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners, v. 22, Baltimore, MD, October 21-23, 1968, p. 96-98.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"98","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350864,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.seafwa.org/publications/proceedings/?id=55213"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","volume":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47a3e4b07f02db4963ad","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Webb, James W.","contributorId":58325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726310,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Locke, Louis N.","contributorId":71233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leibovitz, Louis","contributorId":41781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leibovitz","given":"Louis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herman, Carlton M.","contributorId":88718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"Carlton","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":331883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walker, J.T.","contributorId":84022,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walker","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":331882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70224297,"text":"70224297 - 1969 - Water, population pressure, and ancient Indian migrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-20T18:50:41.226162","indexId":"70224297","displayToPublicDate":"1969-06-01T13:25:04","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water, population pressure, and ancient Indian migrations","docAbstract":"A preliminary report on environmental factors relating to some prehistoric Indian migrations in the lower San Juan Valley region, northeastern Arizona
Californium 252 is an isotopic neutron source that has only recently become available for experimental well logging. One curie of 252Cf emits 4.4 x 109 neutrons per second by spontaneous fission, 300 times the emission rate of any other one curie radioisotopic source. California 252 has several other advantages as a high yield source for well logging: very small physical size, low gamma and heat emission, and expected low cost relative to other sources. A 50-millicurie 252Cf source fabricated at the Savannah River Laboratory was made available by the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission to the U. S. Geological Survey for a feasibility study on well logging. The nuclear and physical characteristics of this source and some of the health physics aspects of its use in the field are discussed. The source was used to make epithermal neutron logs, which are compared with logs made with plutonium beryllium and americium beryllium sources in the same well. The high neutron flux available from 252Cf permitted the use of longer than usual spacing while maintaining a high count rate and excellent sensitivity. In addition, continuous activation logs were made utilizing a spacing of 5. 5 feet from the source to detector. Aluminum 28 was identified as the chief radioisotope contributing to the log response. This new technique may provide a log more closely related to clay content than the natural gamma log. Stationary irradiation experiments were also carried out in boreholes, and sodium 24 and manganese 56 were readily produced and identified. Suggestions for additional research on logging applications and problems resulted from this feasibility study. Potential well logging applications not investigated include the activation of temporary depth markers and the use of stable tracers that can be activated at the site or in the well. The high neutron yield of californium 252 will facilitate in situ activation analysis for many elements as an aid to exploration for oil, water, and other minerals.
Progress in marine hard mineral exploration and exploitation has been severely restricted by technologic gaps and the lack of discovery of deposits that can be exploited at a competitive price in the world markets. Immediate needs include improved techniques of placer drilling to permit more reliable evaluation of in situ deposits and improved systems of dredging and processing in greater depths of water and in heavier seas.
New exploration techniques for locating and characterizing the subsurface deposits, and breakthroughs in low-cost methods for rapid detailed three-dimensional mapping of the seafloor relief similar to the photogrammetry breakthrough on land, would offer new incentives to industry.
Advances in solution mining, in situ extraction techniques and rapid excavation with the possibilities of sub-sea entry, could eventually shift the emphasis in ocean mining from near shore placers to large-scale exploitation of deeply buried consolidated deposits.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Offshore technology conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Offshore Technology Conference","conferenceDate":"May 17-20, 1969","conferenceLocation":"Houston, TX","language":"English","publisher":"OTC","doi":"10.4043/1031-MS","usgsCitation":"Wang, F., and Cruickshank, M.J., 1969, Technologic gaps in exploration and exploitation of sub-sea mineral resources, in Offshore technology conference, v. 1, Houston, TX, May 17-20, 1969, OTC-1031-MS, https://doi.org/10.4043/1031-MS.","productDescription":"OTC-1031-MS","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":390639,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1969-05-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Frank F.","contributorId":72798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Frank F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cruickshank, Michael J.","contributorId":97627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cruickshank","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223218,"text":"5223218 - 1969 - Taxonomy of the common dolphins of the eastern Pacific Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-07T17:22:51.524","indexId":"5223218","displayToPublicDate":"1969-05-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Taxonomy of the common dolphins of the eastern Pacific Ocean","docAbstract":"Delphinus bairdii Dall is a species of dolphin distinct from D. delphis Linnaeus, with which it has usually been synonymized. D. bairdii has a longer rostrum relative to the zygomatic width of the skull; the ratio of these measurements falls at 1.55 or above for bairdii and 1.53 and below for delphis. In the eastern Pacific Ocean, D. bairdii is found in the Gulf of California and along the west coast of Baja California, Mexico; D. delphis is presently found in the waters off California. Until approximately the beginning of the present century, bairdii occurred farther north in the eastern Pacific Ocean, at least to the Monterey Bay area of California. Restriction of bairdii to more southerly waters, probably as an indirect result of a change in water temperature, may have permitted delphis to move into inshore Californian waters. The Pacific population of D. delphis has a somewhat shorter rostrum than the Atlantic population, and is perhaps subspecifically different. A thorough analysis of the entire genus Delphinus is needed before the relationship of all the populations can be understood and names properly applied.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1378342","usgsCitation":"Banks, R.C., and Brownell, R.L., 1969, Taxonomy of the common dolphins of the eastern Pacific Ocean: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 50, no. 2, p. 262-271, https://doi.org/10.2307/1378342.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"262","endPage":"271","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196094,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Baja, California, Gulf of California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.36098955191807,\n 32.71915451670297\n ],\n [\n -118.36098955191807,\n 27.607377843174078\n ],\n [\n -112.9022323742638,\n 27.607377843174078\n ],\n [\n -112.9022323742638,\n 32.71915451670297\n ],\n [\n -118.36098955191807,\n 32.71915451670297\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db628268","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, Richard C.","contributorId":102933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brownell, Robert L. Jr.","contributorId":62948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownell","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70223814,"text":"70223814 - 1969 - Determination of gold in waters in the nanogram range by anion exchange and atomic absorption spectrophotometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-08T15:04:41.94733","indexId":"70223814","displayToPublicDate":"1969-05-01T09:54:10","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of gold in waters in the nanogram range by anion exchange and atomic absorption spectrophotometry","docAbstract":"A method has been developed whereby nanogram amounts of gold in waters can be accurately determined. The development of the method involves determination of optimum conditions for the complete recovery of gold from water using an anion exchange resin column, quantitative elution of gold from the resin, and final measurement of gold by atomic absorption spectrophotometry following MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone) extraction of gold from a nitric acid solution.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.64.3.287","usgsCitation":"Chao, T.T., 1969, Determination of gold in waters in the nanogram range by anion exchange and atomic absorption spectrophotometry: Economic Geology, v. 64, no. 3, p. 287-290, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.64.3.287.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"290","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388945,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1969-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chao, T. T.","contributorId":31900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":822754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70173584,"text":"70173584 - 1969 - Willamette Basin Comprehensive Study of Water and Related Land Resources: Appendix B--Hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-03T15:20:39.554571","indexId":"70173584","displayToPublicDate":"1969-04-30T18:30:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"title":"Willamette Basin Comprehensive Study of Water and Related Land Resources: Appendix B--Hydrology","docAbstract":"The study was undertaken to plan for the proper development of water andrelated land resources of the Willamette Basin in Oregon. Appendix B, along with Appendices A and C, provides supporting data for the functional Appendices D through L. Climate is first discussed, including the climatic significance of geographical features such as the Pacific Ocean, the Columbia Gorge, and the Coast and Cascade Ranges, climatic elements (e.g. , temperature, precipitation, evaporation), and meteorological aspects of major storms--rain, wind, and snow. A description of water resources, their distribution, and their variation at different times are presented. These resources are described in terms of factors influencing the occurrence of water. Specifically reviewed here are surface waters, groundwater, the relationship between surface and groundwater, management programs, and water rights and legal restrictions. Lastly, the adequacy of hydrologic data is reviewed. Statistical and interpretive hydrologic data necessary for broadscale water resources planning are provided. Data assembled are those concerning climate, streamflow, lakes and glaciers, chemical-quality, sediment, stream temperature, and groundwater. Geologic and soils mapping are briefly discussed, and a list of references is provided.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Willamette Basin comprehensive study of water and related land resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Willamette Basin Task Force, 1969, Willamette Basin Comprehensive Study of Water and Related Land Resources: Appendix B--Hydrology, 165 p, 36 tab, 47 fig, 21 maps, 23 photos.","productDescription":"165 p, 36 tab, 47 fig, 21 maps, 23 photos","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323085,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5757f066e4b04f417c24dd4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Willamette Basin Task Force","contributorId":171434,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Willamette Basin Task Force","id":637375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70223836,"text":"70223836 - 1969 - Water analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-09T19:14:58.130382","indexId":"70223836","displayToPublicDate":"1969-04-01T14:06:39","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water analysis","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac60274a007","usgsCitation":"Fishman, M., and Robinson, B., 1969, Water analysis: Analytical Chemistry, v. 41, no. 5, p. 323-360, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60274a007.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"323","endPage":"360","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":389016,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fishman, Marvin J.","contributorId":87110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishman","given":"Marvin J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":822882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, B.P.","contributorId":7685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"B.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":822883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70206573,"text":"70206573 - 1969 - New thrusts in ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-22T17:18:07.819422","indexId":"70206573","displayToPublicDate":"1969-03-31T09:05:39","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New thrusts in ground water","docAbstract":"Four principal trends in ground water are apparent:
(1) Increasing use of ground water for domestic supplies. Geohydrologists must learn to quantitatively evaluate the supply under conditions of maximum development, not merely determine the availability of a supply that does not strain the aquifer. (2) Aquifers will be looked to increasingly as possible storage media for surplus flood water, in place of dams and reservoirs. The key here is economics – optimum utilization of resources. The job of the geohydrologist is to do enough research and experimentation to determine when, where, and how ground-water reservoirs can be recharged artificially at a reasonable cost. (3) Saline aquifers will be looked at as sources of water supply. The cost curves of developing new supplies of fresh water are ascending while the cost curves for desalinization are declining, and inevitably they will cross in one area after another. There is a paucity of information on saline ground-water aquifers; hence, the utmost skill must be used in evaluating the resource. (4) With efforts to prevent stream pollution, aquifers will be looked to increasingly as possible storage media for industrial and domestic waste effluents. Control is urgently needed so the effects of waste injection can be predicted, the technology for confining those effects as intended can be developed, and a basis can be provided for a rational decision as to whether waste injection or an alternative use of the chosen aquifer is best for the economy in the long run. However, there is little legal basis for control, and the cost of such control may make the practice unfeasible in many situations.
A systems-analysis approach is needed to develop a working model of a given hydrologie and socio-economic problem from which quantitative answers can be given to water planners.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1969.tb01269.x","usgsCitation":"McGuinness, C.L., 1969, New thrusts in ground water: Groundwater, v. 7, no. 2, p. 7-10, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1969.tb01269.x.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369103,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGuinness, C. L.","contributorId":20313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuinness","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70224279,"text":"70224279 - 1969 - Experiments on formation of contorted structures in mud","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-20T11:40:56.009777","indexId":"70224279","displayToPublicDate":"1969-02-01T06:31:42","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experiments on formation of contorted structures in mud","docAbstract":"Contorted structures can be formed in mud or sand as a result of differential loading. Fifteen sets of experiments were conducted in water tanks to test various factors of possible significance in the contortion of mud by loading. Of six factors tested, the most significant was distribution of load, but others affecting the type of structure under certain conditions were (1) the manner of depositing the mud, (2) the form of the underlying surface, (3) the direction of loading, and (4) the movement or lack of movement of water during loading. Organic material was shown to be unneccessary in forming conical structure or convolute bedding. Strength of base had little or no influence on convolute-structure development.
Contortions ranged from the simple anticlinal type with vertical axial plane, commonly referred to as convolute, to structures with gently dipping axial planes, to others with lateral extensions or “flames” from the apexes, and, finally, to those with complex overturned folds. Causes of these variations were determined in terms of the factors listed above. Some additional forms of contorted bedding result from other types of penecontemporaneous deformation such as slumping from undermining or from oversteepening, differential lateral movement, and surface drag; these forms differ from those structures formed by loading.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[231:EOFOCS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"McKee, E.D., and Goldberg, M., 1969, Experiments on formation of contorted structures in mud: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 80, no. 2, p. 231-243, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[231:EOFOCS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"243","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":389460,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKee, Edwin D.","contributorId":60207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":823441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldberg, Moshe","contributorId":265811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Moshe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":823442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70219893,"text":"70219893 - 1969 - Vertical density currents — II","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-22T17:24:29.016835","indexId":"70219893","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-31T06:25:16","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vertical density currents — II","docAbstract":"Examples of vertical density currents wholly within the domain of laminar flow, one in a water solution, the other in air, have come to my attention. Both examples illustrate new ways of introducing and dispersing microscopic particles into static fluids and both demonstrate that a stable, clearly defined layer of dispersed particles forms first and that the vertical density currents originate and flow from the lower part of this layer. The new information comes from wholly unrelated lines of research, one in virology, and the other in mycology. Neither investigation was aimed at hydrodynamics yet both provide good experimental support for vertical density currents.
","language":"English","publisher":"Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.4319/lo.1969.14.1.0001","usgsCitation":"Bradley, W.H., 1969, Vertical density currents — II: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 14, no. 1, p. 1-3, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1969.14.1.0001.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385139,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, W. H.","contributorId":102452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":814325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207923,"text":"70207923 - 1969 - Volcanic substructure inferred from dredge samples and ocean-bottom photographs, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-20T12:52:06","indexId":"70207923","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-20T12:51:58","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanic substructure inferred from dredge samples and ocean-bottom photographs, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Ocean-bottom photographs from 18 stations and dredge hauls from 35 stations adjacent to the Island of Hawaii indicate that basaltic pillow lava and pillow fragments are the dominant rock type on the crest and flanks of the submarine rift zone ridges, whereas glassy basalt sand and scoria are the dominant type on the submarine flanks of the volcanoes directly downslope from land. These relations indicate that three major rock units comprise different levels of the volcanoes depending on the site of eruption: (1) pillow lavas and pillow fragments are dominant below sea level and are erupted from deep-water vents; (2) hyaloclastite rocks (vitric explosion debris, littoral cone ash, and flow-foot breccias) mantle the pillowed base of the volcano, and are erupted from shallow-water vents, subaerial vents in water-soaked ground, or are produced where subaerial lava flows cross the shoreline; and (3) thin subaerial lava flows make up the visible, subaerial shield volcano, are built atop the clastic layer, and are erupted from subaerial vents. This three-fold structure is similar to the table mountains of Iceland that are built by eruption beneath glacial ice.
Large-scale slumping in the clastic layer may modify the submarine slopes of the volcanoes as well as produce faulting and downslope movement of parts of the overlying shield volcano. The slope change produced where the gentler shield meets the steeper pillowed pile can be recognized beneath sea level in the older volcanoes, where it has been submerged by regional subsidence.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[1191:VSIFDS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.G., and Fiske, R.S., 1969, Volcanic substructure inferred from dredge samples and ocean-bottom photographs, Hawaii: GSA Bulletin, v. 80, no. 7, p. 1191-1202, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[1191:VSIFDS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1191","endPage":"1202","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371376,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.82733154296875,\n 18.781516724349704\n ],\n [\n -154.654541015625,\n 18.781516724349704\n ],\n [\n -154.654541015625,\n 20.017226126835062\n ],\n [\n -155.82733154296875,\n 20.017226126835062\n ],\n [\n -155.82733154296875,\n 18.781516724349704\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fiske, Richard S.","contributorId":17984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiske","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70225581,"text":"70225581 - 1969 - Land subsidence due to withdrawal of fluids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-25T21:19:11.772626","indexId":"70225581","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T15:51:10","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Land subsidence due to withdrawal of fluids","docAbstract":"Land-surface subsidence due to the withdrawal of fluids by man has become relatively common in the United States since 1940 and has been described at several other places throughout the world. This paper reviews the known examples of appreciable land subsidence caused by fluid withdrawal. Those related to exploitation of oil and gas fields include Goose Creek, Texas; Wilmington, California; Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela; Niigata, Japan; and the Po Delta in Italy. The areas of major subsidence related to ground-water withdrawal include areas in Japan; Mexico City, Mexico; and Texas, Arizona, Nevada, and California. The areas of greatest extent and maximum subsidence are in California.
The principles involved in the compaction of sediments and of aquifer systems, basically the increase in effective stress, are examined briefly, together with their application to subsidence problems involving head decline both under water table and confined conditions. The amount of compaction that a confined aquifer system will experience is a function of compressibility. Other factors that influence compaction (and, in part, compressibility) include particle size and shape, clay mineralogy, geochemistry of pore water in the clayey beds and of the water in contiguous aquifers, and secondary compression.
Land subsidence has caused great damage in some areas. At several of these places, subsidence problems are being alleviated in one or more of several ways; these include (1) cessation of withdrawal and (2) increase or restoration of reservoir pressure by reduction in production rate, artificial recharge, or repressuring by injection of water. The greatest subsidence control measures are being taken at Wilmington, California, where subsidence that had reached 27 feet at the center now is nearly stopped; in addition, significant rebound has occurred.
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J.","contributorId":86322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varnes","given":"David J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825671,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kiersch, George","contributorId":267948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kiersch","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825672,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Poland, J. 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The location was determined during a brief preliminary study of the Depot's water supply which is summarized in a report transmitted to the Depot in April of 1968, and the Geological Survey's suggestions for construction and testing are contained in the specifications written by the Post Engineer at the Depot as part of the well-drilling contract. A representative of the the Geological Survey was present during most of the drilling and testing of the well.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Albuquerque, NM","doi":"10.3133/70047460","usgsCitation":"Shomaker, J.W., 1969, Drilling and testing of well 340, Fort Wingate Army Depot, McKinley County, New Mexico: Open-File Report, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70047460.","productDescription":"57 p.","numberOfPages":"56","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":277874,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047460/report.pdf"},{"id":276136,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047460/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","city":"Fort Wingate","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.637837,35.436334 ], [ -108.637837,35.527697 ], [ -108.52119,35.527697 ], [ -108.52119,35.436334 ], [ -108.637837,35.436334 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52021ae2e4b0e21cafa49c3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shomaker, John W.","contributorId":42513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shomaker","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70225580,"text":"70225580 - 1969 - Land subsidence due to the application of water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-25T20:44:21.712534","indexId":"70225580","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T15:14:53","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Land subsidence due to the application of water","docAbstract":"Loose, dry, low-density deposits that compact when they are wetted mantle extensive areas in North America, Europe, and Asia. This process, here referred to as hydrocompaction, has produced widespread subsidence of the land surface. Hydrocompaction may occur under natural overburden load or may occur only with the addition of a surcharge load.
Deposits that subside because of hydrocompaction are generally one of two types: (1) loose, moisture-deficient alluvial deposits; and (2) moisture-deficient loess and related eolian deposits. Such deposits occur in regions where seasonal rainfall seldom, if ever, is sufficient to penetrate below the root zone; thus, they have remained moisture deficient throughout their postdepositional history and are readily susceptible to hydrocompaction when they are artificially wetted.
Subsidence due to hydrocompaction is of serious concern in the design and maintenance of aqueducts, buildings, pipe lines, highways, and other major engineering structures. Damage usually can be minimized by precompacting the deposits before construction begins.
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-111.32171630859375,\n 41.000629848685385\n ],\n [\n -112.47528076171875,\n 41.000629848685385\n ],\n [\n -112.47528076171875,\n 40.166281254206545\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.72216796875,\n 39.33429742980725\n ],\n [\n -97.88818359375,\n 40.027614437486655\n ],\n [\n -97.71240234375,\n 42.27730877423709\n ],\n [\n -102.72216796875,\n 39.33429742980725\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Varnes, David J.","contributorId":86322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varnes","given":"David J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825667,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kiersch, George","contributorId":267948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kiersch","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825668,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Lofgren, Ben Elder","contributorId":52973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lofgren","given":"Ben","email":"","middleInitial":"Elder","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70225578,"text":"70225578 - 1969 - History of the Redwall Limestone of northern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-21T18:01:35.023539","indexId":"70225578","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T14:27:35","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"History of the Redwall Limestone of northern Arizona","docAbstract":"Throughout most of northern Arizona the Redwall Limestone of Mississippian age is readily divisible into four lithologic units, designated in ascending order as the Whitmore Wash, Thunder Springs, Mooney Falls, and Horseshoe Mesa Members. The first and third members are thick-bedded to massive carbonate rock. The Horseshoe Mesa Member is relatively thin-bedded limestone, and the Thunder Springs Member is distinctive because it consists of chert beds alternating with thin beds of carbonate rock.
Trends in thickness of the various members indicate that the sediment that formed the Redwall was deposited on an even, gently sloping shelf that extended westward from the Defiance positive element, a low landmass located near the present eastern border of northern Arizona. The Peach Springs and Payson ridges projected west and southwest, respectively, from the positive element. These ridges, which were partly submerged and partly above sea level during Mississippian time, are indicated by the patterns of isopach lines and, in part, by the distribution of faunas. The ridges divided the Arizona section of the shelf into three segments: the northern-most, which slopes northwest toward the Cordilleran geosyncline, and the other two, which slope toward the south and southwest.
Two transgressions and two regressions of the western and southern seaways are believed to be represented by the Redwall. The first transgression, which is recorded by thick beds of clastic sediment of the Whitmore Wash Member, was less extensive than the second, which is recorded by massive beds of the Mooney Falls Member, for on the western margins of the Defiance positive element the Mooney Falls Member overlaps the two lower members. Furthermore, south of Grand Canyon the Whitmore Wash and Thunder Springs Members lap against the Payson ridge without covering it, whereas the Mooney Falls Member, although relatively thin, extends across it. Regression is believed to be represented by thin beds of the Thunder Springs and Horseshoe Mesa Members, which are interpreted to be the result of low base level caused by silting up with clastic material and consequent retreat of the sea.
Cycles in sedimentation are well developed in some parts of the Redwall, especially in the upper two members in which differences in grain size represent five major cycles recognized throughout the extent of the Grand Canyon. These textural differences, ranging from aphanitic to coarse grained, are considered to be not measures of the amount of transportation, as with terrigenous sediments, but reflections of the degree of turbulence or the lack of turbulence during deposition.
They are interpreted as indicators of cyclic fluctuations in environment, probably related to changes in wave base.
Several clearly defined facies within the Redwall indicate environments of deposition. The clastic limestone that forms a major part of the formation, especially in the offshore areas to the west and south, is believed to represent normal marine conditions where circulation was good and turbulence moderate to strong. Uniform finely crystalline dolomite probably developed through early diagenetic processes on the sea floor. On the basis of its distribution pattern the dolomite seems to have formed under shoal conditions, especially where it borders the shore of the Defiance positive element and along Peach Springs ridge. Oölitic limestone at the top of both major transgressive units is interpreted as reflecting the oscillatory conditions of sea level that provided wave and current agitation at times of maximum sea advance in shoal areas bordering the ridges. Aphanitic limestone, representing accumulations of lime mud, seems to be developed best in the uppermost, or Horseshoe Mesa, member, where, as the seas regressed, nearshore waters may have been isolated and certainly were very calm.
Original textures and some structures are preserved in most limestones of the Redwall, and they give much evidence concerning oceanographic factors of the time. Generalizations have been developed concerning the character of the bottom, degrees of energy represented, depth, salinity, and other factors for various parts of the formation. Although these factors differed greatly with time and space, the general conclusions reached are that (1) depths were very shallow to moderate, (2) the sea floor was composed nearly entirely of lime mud and lime sand, which contained no terrigeneous material but with great crinoidal accumulations locally, (3) turbulence ranged from considerable to none, and (4) the sea was clear and warm and nowhere contained saline concentrations sufficient to form evaporites.
Chert forming thin irregular beds, locally lenticular and nodular, occurs at two prinicpal positions in the stratigraphic section, and in each it alternates with thin beds of carbonate rock. Chert is prominent throughout the Thunder Springs Member and forms thin but definite zones near the top of the Mooney Falls Member. This chert is believed to have formed on the sea floor during early diagenesis, as evidenced by petrography, paleogeography, and faunal relations. Regional differences in the abundance and type of associated fossils, recorded on a series of 4-foot-square sample plots made throughout the Grand Canyon, suggest a probable relation between fossil distribution and genesis of the chert.
The fauna of the Redwall is abundant and varied, but preservation in many places is poor, and numerous specimens can be collected only locally. The most common fossils are brachiopods, corals, foraminifers, and crinoids, but blastoids, gastropods, cephalopods, and pelecypods are not rare. Bryozoans are abundant in the chert of the Thunder Springs Member but uncommon elsewhere. Other organisms locally distributed but not common are algae, trilobites, fish, holothurians, and ostracodes. These groups have been studied by specialists and are the subject of Chapters V through XIII.
Certain of the faunal groups, notably the corals and foraminifers, show some degree of vertical zoning and so have furnished important data on age and correlation. Among the corals, the zones of Dorlodotia inconstans and Michelinia expansa are especially significant because of their persistence from section to section across broad areas. The foraminiferal zones are broader and less sharply defined, but they represent a series of major changes in species from bottom to top of the formation.
Age determination made on the basis of foraminifers and brachiopods indicate that the base of the Redwall is progressively younger as it passes from areas that were offshore eastward or northward toward the Defiance positive element; the top of the Redwall, in contrast, is shown to be progressively younger away from the positive element. Thus basal beds of Kinderhook age are recognized at Grand Wash, Quartermaster, and Meriwitica Canyons to the northwest, but the lowest strata are of Osage age at Bridge Canyon, Grandview, and other sections closer to the landmass. Likewise, units with fossils of middle Meramec age occur in western Grand Canyon, but, except in the one place discussed in the following paragraph, topmost beds farther east in Grand Canyon are of Osage age. South of Grand Canyon the youngest member of the Redwall (Horseshoe Mesa) has been removed by pre-Supai Formation erosion.
Rocks still younger than the Horseshoe Mesa once may have covered the entire region, possibly representing a third sequence of transgression and regression. At Bright Angel trail in eastern Grand Canyon, for example, a unique unit at the top of the Redwall section contains fossils of Chester age and apparently represents a remnant of Late Mississippian rocks that survived as an inlier there.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/MEM114","usgsCitation":"McKee, E.D., and Gutschick, R.C., 1969, History of the Redwall Limestone of northern Arizona, v. 114, 700 p., https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM114.","productDescription":"700 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/mem114","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":390903,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.488525390625,\n 34.07996230865873\n ],\n [\n -109.00634765625,\n 34.07086232376631\n ],\n [\n -109.00634765625,\n 37.02886944696474\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -114.10400390625,\n 36.32397712011264\n ],\n [\n -114.2138671875,\n 36.06686213257888\n ],\n [\n -114.3896484375,\n 36.24427318493909\n ],\n [\n -114.774169921875,\n 36.10237644873644\n ],\n [\n -114.7412109375,\n 35.567980458012094\n ],\n [\n -114.7412109375,\n 35.40696093270201\n ],\n [\n -114.63134765625001,\n 35.200744801724014\n ],\n [\n -114.7412109375,\n 35.110921809704756\n ],\n [\n -114.7412109375,\n 34.813803317113155\n ],\n [\n -114.488525390625,\n 34.542762387234845\n ],\n [\n -114.466552734375,\n 34.415973384481866\n ],\n [\n -114.202880859375,\n 34.279914398549934\n ],\n [\n -114.488525390625,\n 34.07996230865873\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"114","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKee, Edwin D.","contributorId":60207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gutschick, Raymond C.","contributorId":12054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutschick","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":825663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70200394,"text":"70200394 - 1969 - The linear decision rule in reservoir management and design: 1, Development of the stochastic model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-16T14:09:40","indexId":"70200394","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T14:09:28","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The linear decision rule in reservoir management and design: 1, Development of the stochastic model","docAbstract":"With the aid of a linear decision rule, reservoir management and design problems often can be formulated as easily solved linear programing problems. The linear decision rule specifies the release during any period of reservoir operation as the difference between the storage at the beginning of the period and a decision parameter for the period. The decision parameters for the entire study horizon are determined by solving the linear programing problem. Problems may be formulated in either the deterministic or the stochastic environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/WR005i004p00767","usgsCitation":"Revelle, C., Joeres, E., and Kirby, W.H., 1969, The linear decision rule in reservoir management and design: 1, Development of the stochastic model: Water Resources Research, v. 5, no. 4, p. 767-777, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR005i004p00767.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"767","endPage":"777","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358403,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Revelle, Charles","contributorId":209744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Revelle","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Joeres, Erhard","contributorId":209745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joeres","given":"Erhard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirby, William H.","contributorId":7294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70110384,"text":"wdrIN681 - 1969 - Water resources data for Indiana, 1968","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-11T09:54:21","indexId":"wdrIN681","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T13:43:22","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"IN-68-1","title":"Water resources data for Indiana, 1968","docAbstract":"The surface-water records for the 1968 water year for gaging stations, partial-record stations, and miscellaneous sties within the State of Indiana are given in this report. For convenience there are also included records for a few pertinent gaging stations in bordering States.
\nWater-resources investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey include the collection of water quality data on the chemical and physical characteristics of surface- and ground-water supplies of the Nation. These data for the 1968 water year for the quality of surface water in Indiana are presented in this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrIN681","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Indiana Department of Natural Resources; Indiana State Board of Health; Indiana State Highway Commission; Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1969, Water resources data for Indiana, 1968: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report IN-68-1, viii, 269 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrIN681.","productDescription":"viii, 269 p.","numberOfPages":"278","temporalStart":"1967-10-01","temporalEnd":"1968-09-30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288280,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288279,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1968/in-68-1/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.0979,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,37.7717 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"538052ebe4b0826cd5016a6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70039379,"text":"70039379 - 1969 - Safety and survival in an earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-04T01:01:57","indexId":"70039379","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T12:50:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Safety and survival in an earthquake","docAbstract":"Many earth scientists in this country and abroad are focusing their studies on the search for means of predicting impending earthquakes, but, as yet, an accurate prediction of the time and place of such an event cannot be made. From past experience, however, one can assume that earthquakes will continue to harass mankind and that they will occur most frequently in the areas where they have been relatively common in the past. In the United States, earthquakes can be expected to occur most frequently in the western states, particularly in Alaska, California, Washington, Oregon, Nevada, Utah, and Montana. The danger, however, is not confined to any one part of the country; major earthquakes have occurred at widely scattered locations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70039379","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the Office of Emergency Preparedness","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1969, Safety and survival in an earthquake: General Information Product, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039379.","productDescription":"11 p.","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261520,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039379/report.pdf"},{"id":261521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039379/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aafb9e4b0c8380cd87758","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38,"text":"38 - 1969 - Estimated ground-water pumpage in parts of the San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-04T11:47:51","indexId":"38","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T11:46:14","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Estimated ground-water pumpage in parts of the San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Menlo Park, CA","doi":"10.3133/38","usgsCitation":"Mitten, H.T., 1969, Estimated ground-water pumpage in parts of the San Joaquin Valley, California, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/38.","productDescription":"1 p.","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291600,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.8438,35.0589 ], [ -121.8438,38.1663 ], [ -118.6734,38.1663 ], [ -118.6734,35.0589 ], [ -121.8438,35.0589 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e09e4ee4b0beb42bdca3d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitten, Hugh T.","contributorId":103652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitten","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":141858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70224277,"text":"70224277 - 1969 - Modern coastal mangrove swamp stratigraphy and the ideal cyclothem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-17T16:39:33.710762","indexId":"70224277","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T11:26:07","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5614,"text":"Special Papers of the Geological Society of America","printIssn":"0072-1077","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Modern coastal mangrove swamp stratigraphy and the ideal cyclothem","docAbstract":"The general stratigraphy of the “ideal” cyclothem of Late Paleozoic age can be recognized in a modern succession of sedimentary units underlying the coastal mangrove swamps of southwestern Florida. Because coal deposition is associated with the formation of cyclothems, this stratigraphic similarity has geologic importance with respect to coal formation.
The lower part of the succession in Florida consists of nonmarine sediments, the middle part of brackish-water or fresh-water mangrove peat, and the upper part of brackish-water and marine units. This sequence of sediments records a relative rise in sea level. In comparison, the lower part of the ideal cyclothem consists basically of nonmarine units, the central sedimentary member is coal, and the upper units are brackish-water and marine sediments.
The ideal cyclothem is thought to have formed in part in a deltaic environment and to record a periodic fluctuation in terrigenous sediment supply and a relative rise in sea level. In contrast, southwestern Florida has essentially no deltas, as most of its paralic sediments are derived from coastal sources. In view of this, the stratigraphic similarity noted above must reflect a partial duplication of sedimentary environments brought about by a relative rise in sea level across a low coastal platform supporting peat-depositing paralic and fresh-water swamps and forests. This conclusion tends to support the point of view that the coal member of some cyclothems formed in a swampy environment penecontemporaneously with a relative rise in sea level. The coal member, therefore, is in part a transgressive unit.
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