Chemical analyses of approximately 1,881 samples of water from selected Kansas brines define the variations of water chemistry with depth and aquifer age. The most concentrated brines are found in the Permian rocks which occupy the intermediate section of the geologic column of this area. Salinity decreases below the Permian until the Ordovician (Arbuckle) horizon is reached and then increases until the Precambrian basement rocks are reached. Chemically, the petroleum brines studied in this small area fit the generally accepted pattern of an increase in calcium, sodium and chloride content with increasing salinity. They do not fit the often-predicted trend of increases in the calcium to chloride ratio, calcium content and salinity with depth and geologic age. The calcium to chloride ratio tends to be asymptotic to about 0.2 with increasing chloride content. Sulfate tends to decrease with increasing calcium content. Bicarbonate content is relatively constant with depth.
If many of the hypotheses concerning the chemistry of petroleum brines are valid, then the brines studied are anomolous. An alternative lies in accepting the thesis that exceptions to these hypotheses are rapidly becoming the rule and that indeed we still do not have a valid and general hypothesis to explain the origin and chemistry of petroleum brines.
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1968","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T15:29:57","indexId":"70175665","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5177,"text":"Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"21","title":"Records of precipitation, aquifer head, and ground-water recharge to the Edwards and associated limestones, San Antonio area, Texas, 1968","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Edwards Underground Water District","usgsCitation":"Rettman, P., 1969, Records of precipitation, aquifer head, and ground-water recharge to the Edwards and associated limestones, San Antonio area, Texas, 1968: Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin 21, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326766,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b58b56e4b03bcb0104bc47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rettman, Paul","contributorId":68699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rettman","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70190816,"text":"70190816 - 1969 - Hydrologic and climatologic data, 1968, Salt Lake County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T15:42:29","indexId":"70190816","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5498,"text":"Utah Basic-Data Release","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"17","title":"Hydrologic and climatologic data, 1968, Salt Lake County, Utah","docAbstract":"An investigation of the water resources of Salt Lake County, Utah, was undertaken by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey in July 1963. This investigation is a cooperative project financed chiefly by equal contributions of the State of Utah and the Federal Government in accordance with an agreement between the Division of Water Rights, Utah Department of Natural Resources, and the Geological Survey. The investigation was financed during the period covered by this report by the following organizations: Utah Division of Water Rights (formerly State Engineer), Utah Division of Water Resources (formerly Water and Power Board), Salt Lake County, Salt Lake County Water Conservancy District, Central Utah Water Conservancy District, Metropolitan Water District of Salt Lake City, City of Murray, Granger-Hunter Improvement District, Taylorsville-Bennion Improvement District, Holladay Water Company, Magna Water and Sewer District, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Geological Survey
The investigation encompasses the collection and interpretation of a large variety of climatologic, hydrologic, and geologic data in and near Salt Lake County. Utah Basic-Data Releases 11-13 and 15 contain data collected through 1967. This release contains climatologic and surface-water data for the 1968 water year (October 1967 to September 1968) and ground-water data collected during the 1968 calendar year. This is the final annual release of basic data for this investigation. Interpretive reports summarizing the results are in preparation. Organizations that furnished data are acknowledged in station descriptions and footnotes to tables.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, Utah","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with The State of Utah and local organizations","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1969, Hydrologic and climatologic data, 1968, Salt Lake County, Utah: Utah Basic-Data Release 17, iii, 70 p.","productDescription":"iii, 70 p.","numberOfPages":"77","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345792,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345791,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/docview.exe?Folder=TP21-1-330&Title=Basic+Data+Report+17"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Salt Lake County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-111.6432,40.7953],[-111.6438,40.7926],[-111.6396,40.7872],[-111.6439,40.7849],[-111.6403,40.7795],[-111.647,40.7749],[-111.6427,40.7731],[-111.6397,40.7704],[-111.6379,40.7695],[-111.6343,40.7677],[-111.6312,40.7658],[-111.6258,40.7626],[-111.6246,40.7604],[-111.6234,40.759],[-111.6222,40.7554],[-111.621,40.7504],[-111.6204,40.7431],[-111.6199,40.7381],[-111.6193,40.7327],[-111.6163,40.7299],[-111.612,40.7272],[-111.6078,40.724],[-111.6066,40.7204],[-111.6048,40.7172],[-111.6018,40.7145],[-111.5976,40.7122],[-111.5927,40.7072],[-111.5897,40.704],[-111.5897,40.6995],[-111.597,40.6945],[-111.5989,40.6904],[-111.5959,40.6805],[-111.5966,40.6696],[-111.5954,40.6623],[-111.593,40.6541],[-111.5798,40.6459],[-111.5755,40.6405],[-111.5738,40.6346],[-111.5689,40.6332],[-111.5653,40.6273],[-111.5593,40.6218],[-111.5557,40.6173],[-111.5503,40.6159],[-111.5497,40.6118],[-111.5533,40.61],[-111.5552,40.6087],[-111.5588,40.6064],[-111.5588,40.6032],[-111.5583,40.5969],[-111.5583,40.5937],[-111.5638,40.5855],[-111.5716,40.5842],[-111.5789,40.5833],[-111.5971,40.5784],[-111.5983,40.5789],[-111.6038,40.5657],[-111.6129,40.5667],[-111.622,40.5667],[-111.6311,40.5672],[-111.6347,40.5699],[-111.6414,40.5608],[-111.6468,40.5568],[-111.6523,40.5554],[-111.6565,40.5532],[-111.6608,40.5432],[-111.6669,40.541],[-111.6796,40.5328],[-111.6869,40.5342],[-111.6935,40.5351],[-111.7038,40.5356],[-111.7129,40.532],[-111.7202,40.5266],[-111.7335,40.5307],[-111.7371,40.5262],[-111.7474,40.5253],[-111.7619,40.5276],[-111.771,40.5235],[-111.7819,40.5149],[-111.7873,40.509],[-111.7867,40.5072],[-111.791,40.4959],[-111.7928,40.4954],[-111.8013,40.495],[-111.811,40.4905],[-111.8261,40.4846],[-111.8328,40.4814],[-111.8394,40.4742],[-111.8424,40.4755],[-111.8461,40.4765],[-111.8515,40.4692],[-111.8551,40.4669],[-111.8594,40.4688],[-111.8654,40.4715],[-111.8696,40.4765],[-111.8811,40.4715],[-111.8878,40.4683],[-111.8926,40.4656],[-111.8969,40.4638],[-111.9035,40.4588],[-111.9222,40.4525],[-111.9126,40.4416],[-111.9192,40.438],[-111.9271,40.4348],[-111.9307,40.433],[-111.9434,40.4267],[-111.9513,40.4221],[-111.9531,40.4212],[-111.9561,40.4198],[-111.9627,40.4189],[-111.9663,40.4176],[-111.97,40.4158],[-111.9748,40.4149],[-111.9772,40.4158],[-111.9923,40.4235],[-112.0038,40.4262],[-112.0141,40.4344],[-112.0213,40.4398],[-112.0261,40.4493],[-112.0286,40.4575],[-112.0322,40.4643],[-112.0425,40.4602],[-112.0443,40.4561],[-112.0527,40.4543],[-112.0582,40.4516],[-112.0636,40.4484],[-112.069,40.4457],[-112.0751,40.447],[-112.0835,40.4466],[-112.092,40.447],[-112.0998,40.4448],[-112.1034,40.442],[-112.1113,40.4389],[-112.1131,40.4429],[-112.1125,40.4457],[-112.1125,40.4515],[-112.1174,40.4534],[-112.1198,40.4543],[-112.1252,40.4606],[-112.1283,40.4633],[-112.1343,40.4665],[-112.1428,40.471],[-112.1506,40.4687],[-112.1524,40.4669],[-112.1591,40.4624],[-112.1675,40.4642],[-112.173,40.4674],[-112.17,40.4719],[-112.1754,40.4814],[-112.1724,40.4846],[-112.1864,40.4964],[-112.1797,40.5018],[-112.1864,40.514],[-112.1779,40.5204],[-112.1774,40.5299],[-112.181,40.5399],[-112.1822,40.5431],[-112.1774,40.5544],[-112.1762,40.5562],[-112.1817,40.5617],[-112.1805,40.5676],[-112.1835,40.573],[-112.1793,40.5785],[-112.1745,40.5857],[-112.1781,40.5943],[-112.1769,40.6021],[-112.1739,40.6039],[-112.18,40.6088],[-112.18,40.6129],[-112.1879,40.6152],[-112.1927,40.6233],[-112.1933,40.6242],[-112.194,40.6261],[-112.1928,40.6383],[-112.1928,40.6397],[-112.197,40.6433],[-112.1976,40.6483],[-112.2025,40.6533],[-112.2007,40.6646],[-112.1995,40.6728],[-112.2032,40.6787],[-112.1996,40.6882],[-112.196,40.6927],[-112.1978,40.6995],[-112.2002,40.7045],[-112.2009,40.7077],[-112.2033,40.7113],[-112.2258,40.7262],[-112.2611,40.7706],[-112.2029,40.8075],[-112.2011,40.8079],[-112.1375,40.8457],[-112.0567,40.892],[-112.0069,40.9201],[-111.9558,40.9192],[-111.9558,40.897],[-111.9667,40.8843],[-111.968,40.8748],[-111.9601,40.8675],[-111.9613,40.8594],[-111.9625,40.8526],[-111.9576,40.8471],[-111.951,40.8466],[-111.9437,40.8421],[-111.9437,40.8371],[-111.9412,40.8326],[-111.9352,40.8262],[-111.9328,40.8208],[-111.9103,40.8226],[-111.8896,40.823],[-111.8811,40.8235],[-111.8684,40.8235],[-111.8526,40.8266],[-111.8374,40.8325],[-111.8259,40.8334],[-111.8186,40.8343],[-111.8082,40.8383],[-111.7985,40.8388],[-111.7851,40.8447],[-111.7778,40.8442],[-111.7645,40.8505],[-111.748,40.8546],[-111.7444,40.8609],[-111.7352,40.8627],[-111.7231,40.855],[-111.7176,40.8563],[-111.7079,40.8531],[-111.7012,40.8567],[-111.6982,40.8617],[-111.6818,40.8585],[-111.6745,40.8562],[-111.6684,40.8544],[-111.6624,40.8507],[-111.6575,40.8475],[-111.6563,40.8453],[-111.6655,40.8362],[-111.6564,40.8285],[-111.6497,40.8258],[-111.6437,40.8221],[-111.6401,40.8194],[-111.6432,40.7953]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Salt Lake\",\"state\":\"UT\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59bb9538e4b091459a578208"} ,{"id":1001808,"text":"1001808 - 1969 - Selective feeding by juvenile diving ducks in summer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-11T10:43:14","indexId":"1001808","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selective feeding by juvenile diving ducks in summer","docAbstract":"Waterfowl often fail to use foods that seem plentiful to the investigator. The extent to which selective feeding or rejection of foods is a function of behavioral and morphological adaptations of the species, conditioned behavior of the individual, or individual preference for certain foods has not been appraised. The objectives of our study were to determine: (1) the extent of selective feeding among juvenile Canvasbacks (Aytha valisineria) and redheads (A. americana), (2) which food items were and which were not utilized, and (3) how selective use was related to the relative quality and availability of the food resource. In another paper (Bartonek and Hickey, MS) we present findings on the food habits of juvenile and adult Canvasbacks, Redheads, and Lesser Scaup (Aytha affinis) in southwestern Manitoba primarily during late spring and summer.
Only a few of the limited number of investigations into the summer food habits of waterfowl correlate use of foods with the relative quantity and/or availability of potential foods (White, 1936; Beard, 1953; Keith, 1961; Chura, 1961; Perret, 1962; Collias and Collias, 1963). Perret (1962) concluded that seasonal variations in the food habits of Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were related to changes in the availability of foods.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4083407","usgsCitation":"Bartonek, J., and Hickey, J., 1969, Selective feeding by juvenile diving ducks in summer: The Auk, v. 86, no. 3, p. 443-457, https://doi.org/10.2307/4083407.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"443","endPage":"457","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480315,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4083407","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":130465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Manitoba","volume":"86","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a00e4b07f02db5f7cec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartonek, James C.","contributorId":38085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartonek","given":"James C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hickey, J.J.","contributorId":57010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70191027,"text":"70191027 - 1969 - Water in Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-21T15:15:18","indexId":"70191027","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5503,"text":"Kentucky Geological Survey Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"16-10","title":"Water in Kentucky","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Kentucky Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Krieger, R.A., Cushman, R.V., and Thomas, N., 1969, Water in Kentucky: Kentucky Geological Survey Special Publication 16-10, 51 p.","productDescription":"51 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":345994,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345993,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://kgs.uky.edu/kgsweb/pubs/pubsearch.asp","text":"Available from the Kentucky Geological Survey"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59c4cf9ae4b017cf313d3cce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krieger, Robert A.","contributorId":99954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krieger","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cushman, Robert Vittum","contributorId":96661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cushman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Vittum","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, N.O.","contributorId":99962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"N.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000066,"text":"1000066 - 1969 - Age, growth, and maturity of the longnose sucker Catostomus catostomus, of western Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-04T13:11:01","indexId":"1000066","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age, growth, and maturity of the longnose sucker Catostomus catostomus, of western Lake Superior","docAbstract":"Studies of age, growth, and maturity were based on 1760 fish collected in western Lake Superior in 1964-65. The body:scale relation was curvilinear and the curve had an intercept of 1.65 inches on the length axis. The weight increased as the 2.85 power of the length. Some fish formed an annulus before May 18 in 1965; all had completed annuli by late September. Longnose suckers grew 3.6 inches the 1st year, reached 12 inches in the 6th year, and 18 inches in the 11th year. Fish from Pikes Bay grew faster than those from Gull Island Shoal. Over 6 years were required for weight to reach 1 lb and nearly 10 years to reach 2 lb. Minimum length at maturity was 10.5 inches for males and 11.5 inches for females. The youngest mature male belonged to age-group IV and the youngest mature female to age-group V. All males were mature at 14.5-14.9 inches (age-group VIII) and all females at 15.0-15.4 inches (age-group IX). Finclipped longnose suckers returned to spawn in the Brule River in successive years. One fish returned to spawn in 4 successive years. Many of the fish were not recaptured until 2 or 3 years after marking. The time of the Brule River spawning migration depended more on water temperature than on length of day. The average water temperature during the peak of the spawning runs of 1958-64 was 55.4 F. Larval suckers apparently spend little time in the Brule River and adjacent streams and drift downstream to the lake soon after hatching. The number of eggs in the ovaries of eight suckers ranged from 14 to 35 thousand and averaged 24 thousand for fish 13.9-17.7 inches long.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, Ontario","doi":"10.1139/f69-114","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Bailey, M.M., 1969, Age, growth, and maturity of the longnose sucker Catostomus catostomus, of western Lake Superior: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 26, no. 5, p. 1289-1299, https://doi.org/10.1139/f69-114.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1289","endPage":"1299","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266930,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f69-114"}],"volume":"26","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6892a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, Merryll M.","contributorId":47724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Merryll","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70009778,"text":"70009778 - 1969 - Geochemistry and origin of formation waters in the western Canada sedimentary basin-I. Stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T20:38:46.584417","indexId":"70009778","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry and origin of formation waters in the western Canada sedimentary basin-I. Stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen","docAbstract":"Stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen, together with chemical analyses, were determined for 20 surface waters, 8 shallow potable formation waters, and 79 formation waters from oil fields and gas fields. The observed isotope ratios can be explained by mixing of surface water and diagenetically modified sea water, accompanied by a process which enriches the heavy oxygen isotope. Mass balances for deuterium and total dissolved solids in the western Canada sedimentary basin demonstrate that the present distribution of deuterium in formation waters of the basin can be derived through mixing of the diagenetically modified sea water with not more than 2.9 times as much fresh water at the same latitude, and that the movement of fresh water through the basin has redistributed the dissolved solids of the modified sea water into the observed salinity variations. Statistical analysis of the isotope data indicates that although exchange of deuterium between water and hydrogen sulphide takes place within the basin, the effect is minimized because of an insignificant mass of hydrogen sulphide compared to the mass of formation water. Conversely, exchange of oxygen isotopes between water and carbonate minerals causes a major oxygen-18 enrichment of formation waters, depending on the relative masses of water and carbonate. Qualitative evidence confirms the isotopic fractionation of deuterium on passage of water through micropores in shales.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/ac60272a028","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Breger, I.A., and Chandler, J., 1969, Determination of fixed water in rocks by infrared absorption: Analytical Chemistry, v. 41, no. 3, p. 506-510, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60272a028.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"506","endPage":"510","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffa5e4b0c8380cd4f2e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breger, Irving A.","contributorId":65205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breger","given":"Irving","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chandler, J.C.","contributorId":76864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011639,"text":"70011639 - 1969 - Interstitial brines in playa sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T17:50:26.995536","indexId":"70011639","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interstitial brines in playa sediments","docAbstract":"Study of several closed drainages in the Great Basin has shown that the interstitial solutions of shallow, fine-grained playa deposits store a large quantity of dissolved solids and are often more concentrated than associated lakes and ponds, except in peripheral zones of stream or ground-water inflow. These interstitial fluids, when compared with local runoff, impoundments, or spring waters, commonly have a distinctive ionic composition which sometimes cannot be explained by either simple mixing of surface and subsurface inflow or by evaporative concentration.
At Abert Lake, Oregon, the interstitial solute concentrations increased with depth to values as much as five times greater than the lake, except where springs indicate significant ground-water input. Where Na+, Cl, and CO2 species constitute more than 90% of the solutes,
In the Abert Lake area, as in other parts of the western Great Basin,
The eggs of early-nesting waterfowl in North Dakota are frequently exposed to subfreezing temperatures. Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and Pintail (Anas acuta), normally the first ducks to arrive in the spring, begin limited early nesting in min-April. Nighttime temperatures during this period frequently drop below freezing, and late spring blizzards are not unusual.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4083468","usgsCitation":"Greenwood, R.J., 1969, Mallard hatching from an egg cracked by freezing: The Auk, v. 86, no. 4, p. 752-754, https://doi.org/10.2307/4083468.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"752","endPage":"754","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480316,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4083468","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":129190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","volume":"86","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649fe1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greenwood, R. J.","contributorId":74326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenwood","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011576,"text":"70011576 - 1969 - Saline water in southeastern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T17:59:16.005627","indexId":"70011576","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Saline water in southeastern New Mexico","docAbstract":"Saline waters from formations of several geologic ages are being studied in a seven-county area in southeastern New Mexico and western Texas, where more than 30,000 oil and gas tests have been drilled in the past 40 years. This area of 7,500 sq. miles, which is stratigraphically complex, includes the northern and eastern margins of the Delaware Basin between the Guadalupe and Glass Mountains.
Chloride-ion concentrations in water produced from rocks of various ages and depths have been mapped in Lea County, New Mexico, using machine map-plotting techniques and trend analyses. Anomalously low chloride concentrations (1,000–3,000 mg/l) were found along the western margin of the Central Basin platform in the San Andres and Capitan Limestone Formations of Permian age. These low chloride-ion concentrations may be due to preferential circulation of ground water through the more porous and permeable rocks.
Data being used in the study were obtained principally from oil companies and from related service companies. The P.B.W.D.S. (Permian Basin Well Data System) scout-record magnetic-tape file was used as a framework in all computer operations. Shallow or non-oil-field water analyses acquired from state, municipal, or federal agencies were added to these data utilizing P.B.W.D.S.-compatible reference numbers and decimal latitude-longitude coordinates. Approximately 20,000 water analyses collected from over 65 sources were coded, recorded on punch cards and stored on magnetic tape for computer operations. Extensive manual and computer error checks for duplication and accuracy were made to eliminate data errors resulting from poorly located or identified samples; non-representative or contaminated samples; mistakes in coding, reproducing or key-punching; laboratory errors; and inconsistent reporting. The original 20,000 analyses considered were reduced to 6,000 representative analyses which are being used in the saline water studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(69)90054-0","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Hiss, W.L., Peterson, J., and Ramsey, T., 1969, Saline water in southeastern New Mexico: Chemical Geology, v. 4, no. 1-2, p. 341-360, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(69)90054-0.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"341","endPage":"360","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.45751953125,\n 31.765537409484374\n ],\n [\n -102.7001953125,\n 31.765537409484374\n ],\n [\n -102.7001953125,\n 33.247875947924385\n ],\n [\n -106.45751953125,\n 33.247875947924385\n ],\n [\n -106.45751953125,\n 31.765537409484374\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aafd5e4b0c8380cd877e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hiss, W. L.","contributorId":15614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hiss","given":"W.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, J.B.","contributorId":90389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramsey, T.R.","contributorId":39125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70175664,"text":"70175664 - 1969 - Ground-water discharge from the Edwards and associated limestones, San Antonio area, Texas, 1968","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T15:25:15","indexId":"70175664","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5177,"text":"Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"20","title":"Ground-water discharge from the Edwards and associated limestones, San Antonio area, Texas, 1968","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Edwards Underground Water District","usgsCitation":"Puente, C., 1969, Ground-water discharge from the Edwards and associated limestones, San Antonio area, Texas, 1968: Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin 20, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326765,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b58ad1e4b03bcb0104bbc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Puente, Celso","contributorId":36140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puente","given":"Celso","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175282,"text":"70175282 - 1969 - Sediment Transport in Streams in the Umpqua River Basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-04T13:06:46","indexId":"70175282","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Sediment Transport in Streams in the Umpqua River Basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"This report presents tables of suspended-sediment data collected from 1956 to 1967 at 10 sites in the Umpqua River basin. Computations based on these data indicate that average annual suspended-sediment yields at these sites range from 137 to 822 tons per square mile. Because available data for the Umpqua River basin are generally inadequate for accurate determinations of sediment yield and for the definition of characteristics of fluvial sediments, recommendations are made for the collection and analysis of additional sediment data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/70175282","usgsCitation":"Onions, C.A., 1969, Sediment Transport in Streams in the Umpqua River Basin, Oregon: Open-File Report, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70175282.","productDescription":"45 p.","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326080,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70175282.jpg"},{"id":326113,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70175282/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Umpqua River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.398193359375,\n 42.61374895431491\n ],\n [\n -124.398193359375,\n 43.45291889355465\n ],\n [\n -121.9976806640625,\n 43.45291889355465\n ],\n [\n -121.9976806640625,\n 42.61374895431491\n ],\n [\n -124.398193359375,\n 42.61374895431491\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a315d0e4b006cb45558b94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Onions, C. A.","contributorId":173446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Onions","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70190906,"text":"70190906 - 1969 - Selected hydrologic data, southern Utah and Goshen Valleys, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-17T10:10:47","indexId":"70190906","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5498,"text":"Utah Basic-Data Release","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"16","title":"Selected hydrologic data, southern Utah and Goshen Valleys, Utah","docAbstract":"The purpose of this report is to present basic geologic, ground-water, surface-water, and quality of water data that are useful for the study and effective development of the water resources of southern Utah and Goshen Valleys. This report supplements an interpretive report which will be published later.
Much of the basic data was collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights, during the years 1935-67. Data collected by other organizations are also included in this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with The Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Cordova, R., 1969, Selected hydrologic data, southern Utah and Goshen Valleys, Utah: Utah Basic-Data Release 16, iii, 35 p.","productDescription":"iii, 35 p.","numberOfPages":"41","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345822,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345821,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/docview.exe?Folder=TP21-1-310&Title=Basic+Data+Report+16"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Goshen Valley, Utah Valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59bf899de4b091459a5e0893","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cordova, R.M.","contributorId":77511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordova","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011623,"text":"70011623 - 1969 - Geochemistry of pore waters from Shell Oil Company drill holes on the continental slope of the northern Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T17:52:22.347082","indexId":"70011623","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of pore waters from Shell Oil Company drill holes on the continental slope of the northern Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"Pore waters were analyzed from 6 holes drilled from M.V. “Eureka” as a part of the Shell Oil Co. deeper offshore study. The holes were drilled in water depths of 600–3,000 ft. (approximately 180–550 m) and penetrated up to 1,000 ft. (300 m) of Pliocene-Recent clayey sediments. Salt and anhydrite caprock was encountered in one diapiric structure on the continental slope.
Samples from holes drilled near diapiric structures showed systematic increases of pore-water salinity with depth, suggestive of salt diffusion from underlying salt plugs. Anomalous concentrations of K and Br indicate that at least one plug contains late-stage evaporite minerals. Salinities approaching halite saturation were observed.
Samples from holes away from diapiric structures showed little change in pore-water chemistry, except for loss of SO4 and other variations attributable to early-stage diagenetic reactions with enclosing sediments. Thus, increased salt concentrations in even shallow sediments from this part of the Gulf appear to provide an indicator of salt masses at depth.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(69)90040-0","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Manheim, F., and Bischoff, J.L., 1969, Geochemistry of pore waters from Shell Oil Company drill holes on the continental slope of the northern Gulf of Mexico: Chemical Geology, v. 4, no. 1-2, p. 63-82, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(69)90040-0.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"82","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.4482421875,\n 18.22935133838668\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 18.22935133838668\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 30.675715404167743\n ],\n [\n -99.4482421875,\n 30.675715404167743\n ],\n [\n -99.4482421875,\n 18.22935133838668\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a170be4b0c8380cd5536f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manheim, F.T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":55421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bischoff, J. L.","contributorId":28969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011622,"text":"70011622 - 1969 - Ion association in natural brines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T17:53:53.104347","indexId":"70011622","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ion association in natural brines","docAbstract":"Natural brines, both surface and subsurface, are highly associated aqueous solutions. Ion complexes in brines may be ion pairs in which the cation remains fully hydrated and the bond between the ions is essentially electrostatic, or coordination complexes in which one or more of the hydration water molecules are replaced by covalent bonds to the anion. Except for Cl−, the major simple ions in natural brines form ion pairs; trace and minor metals in brines form mainly coordination complexes.
Limitations of the Debye-Hückel relations for activity coefficients and lack of data on definition and stability of all associated species in concentrated solutions tend to produce underestimates of the degree of ion association, except where the brines contain a very high proportion of Cl−. Data and calculations on closed basin brines of highly varied composition have been coupled with electrode measurements of single-ion activities in an attempt to quantify the degree of ion association. Such data emphasize the role of magnesium complexes.
Trace metal contents of closed basin brines are related to complexes formed with major anions. Alkaline sulfo- or chlorocarbonate brines (western Great Basin) carry significant trace metal contents apparently as hydroxides or hydroxy polyions. Neutral high chloride brines (Bonneville Basin) are generally deficient in trace metals.
With a knowledge of the thermodynamic properties of a natural water, many possible reactions with other phases (solids, gases, other liquids) may be predicted. A knowledge of these reactions is particularly important in the study of natural brines which may be saturated with many solid phases (silicates, carbonates, sulfates, etc.), which may have a high pH and bring about dissolution of other phases (silica, amphoteric hydroxides, CO2, etc.), and which because of their high density may form relatively stable interfaces with dilute waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(69)90039-4","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Truesdell, A., and Jones, B., 1969, Ion association in natural brines: Chemical Geology, v. 4, no. 1-2, p. 51-62, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(69)90039-4.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"62","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ed4e4b0c8380cd64089","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Truesdell, A.H.","contributorId":52566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Truesdell","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":361563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, B.F.","contributorId":52156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011674,"text":"70011674 - 1969 - Blueschist-facies metamorphism related to regional thrust faulting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T17:48:28.255922","indexId":"70011674","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Blueschist-facies metamorphism related to regional thrust faulting","docAbstract":"Rocks of the blueschist (glaucophane schist) facies occur throughout the world in narrow tectonic belts associated with ultramafic rocks. In the Coast Range province of California, blueschist rocks are devloped in the eugeosynclinal Franciscan Formation of Late Mesozoic age. The blueschist rocks form a narrow belt for more than 800 km along the eastern margin of this province and commonly are separated from rocks of an overlying thrust plate by serpentinite. Increasing metamorphism upward toward the thrust fault is indicated mineralogically by a transition from pumpellyite to lawsonite and texturally by a transition from metagraywacke to schist. The blueschist metamorphism probably occurred during thrusting in a zone of anomalously high water pressure in the lower plate along the sole of the thrust fault. This tectonic mode of origin for blueschist differs from the generally accepted hypothesis involving extreme depth of burial. Other belts of blueschist-facies rocks, including the Sanbagawa belt of Japan, the marginal synclinal belt of New Zealand, and the blueschist-ultramafic belts of Venezuela, Kamchatka, Ural mountains, and New Caledonia have similar geologic relations and might be explained in the same manner.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(69)90100-0","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Blake, M., Irwin, W., and Coleman, R.G., 1969, Blueschist-facies metamorphism related to regional thrust faulting: Tectonophysics, v. 8, no. 3, p. 237-246, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(69)90100-0.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"246","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1eee4b0c8380cd4aee2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blake, M.C. Jr.","contributorId":27094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"M.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irwin, W. P.","contributorId":82347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"W. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coleman, R. G.","contributorId":75170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000056,"text":"1000056 - 1969 - Rapid determination of filterable residue in natural waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-07T16:14:42.913178","indexId":"1000056","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2136,"text":"Journal - American Water Works Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid determination of filterable residue in natural waters","docAbstract":"The most widely used procedures for determining filterable residue (total dissolved solids) in water are macromethods given in Standard Methods. Although macromethods give good results, they require large amounts of water and long drying times. This report describes a microtechnique for determining filterable residue that requires only 0.05 ml of water and 15 min/sample drying time. The sensitivity of the method is within the range (4 mg/l or 5 per cent) given in Standard Methods and that reported by Sokoloff.","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Works Association","doi":"10.1002/j.1551-8833.1969.tb03774.x","usgsCitation":"Allen, H., and Bacon, C.W., 1969, Rapid determination of filterable residue in natural waters: Journal - American Water Works Association, v. 61, no. 7, p. 355-356, https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1969.tb03774.x.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"356","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128654,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649447","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Herbert E.","contributorId":42553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Herbert E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bacon, Charles W.","contributorId":62545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":308009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000318,"text":"1000318 - 1969 - Insecticides and the Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:41","indexId":"1000318","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2623,"text":"Limnos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Insecticides and the Great Lakes","docAbstract":"Cracks in the perfect image of DDT appeared when traces of the insecticide began to show up in a wide variety of organisms throughout the world. As more and more people investigated this problem, it became increasingly evident that terrestrial and aquatic animals were accumulating comparatively high concentrations of DDT from extremely low levels in their environment. It also became apparent that DDT and all of the other chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides were not species-specific, but were toxic to all forms of animal life including man. In 1965, when the Great Lakes Fishery Laboratory of the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries began to monitor pesticide residues in fish from the Great Lakes, it was discovered that the fish contained not only DDT, but also dieldrin, another chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide. Fish from Lake Michigan in particular contained relatively high levels of both of these insecticides; concentrations of DDT were in the parts per million (ppm) range, a factor at least several million times greater than the few parts per trillion found in the water. Two questions presented themselves: first, How did these insecticides get into the water? and second, How did the fish build up such high concentrations in their bodies from such low concentrations in the water?","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnos","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Reinert, R.E., 1969, Insecticides and the Great Lakes: Limnos, v. 2, no. 3, p. 3-9.","productDescription":"p. 3-9","startPage":"3","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6497ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reinert, Robert E.","contributorId":101214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinert","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2000122,"text":"2000122 - 1969 - Ecological relationships of breeding blue-winged teal to prairie potholes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:59","indexId":"2000122","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":281,"text":"Report Series","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"6","title":"Ecological relationships of breeding blue-winged teal to prairie potholes","docAbstract":"Ecology of breeding blue-winged teal (Anas discors) was studied on the Waubay Study Area in Day County, South Dakota, in 1965 and 1966. Breeding pair use of the wetland habitat and importance of Type 1 ponds in the wetland complex were evaluated. Changes in breeding pair densities and wetland habitat conditions on the study area were compared for the 16-year period, 1950-66.Blue-winged teal pair densities of 30.7 and 33.0 per square mile in 1965 and 1966, respectively, were above the 16-year average from 1950 to 1966 and near the maximum for this period. Blue-winged teal comprised 46.7 per cent of the waterfowl breeding population in 1965 and 51.7 per cent in 1966. Number of water areas per square mile through mid-spring 1965 was comparable to the average for the 16-year period, whereas during late spring 1965 and throughout the 1966 spring breeding seasons the number of water areas increased to near optimum conditions.Annual breeding-pair densities from 1950 to 1966 appeared to be largely influenced by water conditions, and pair-density fluctuations resulted from changes in number of wet ponds from late April through mid-May. Variations in water conditions after this period did not appear to have as great an effect on numbers of breeding teal.Use of wetland habitat by pairs changed throughout the spring breeding seasons. During the post-arrival period, teal congregated on larger wetlands. With onset of egg-laying, pairs dispersed into ponds throughout the wetland complex to establish breeding home ranges. Other factors that influenced changes in habitat use included: 1) pond type and size, 2) breeding cycle phenology, 3) availability of wet ponds, and 4) land use. Number of blue-winged teal pairs per unit area of water was highest in 1965 and 1966 on Type 1B ponds, followed in decreasing order by Types 3, 1A, and 4 and 5. Greater use of Type 1B ponds was probably related to larger ratio of edge or shore line to unit area of water. Interspersion of many small wetlands throughout the breeding habitat provided for maximum pair dispersal during egg-laying and early incubation stages of the reproductive cycle.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the Saskatoon Wetlands Seminar","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Drewien, R., and Springer, P.F., 1969, Ecological relationships of breeding blue-winged teal to prairie potholes: Report Series 6, p. 102-115.","productDescription":"p. 102-115","startPage":"102","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4889e4b07f02db51b459","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drewien, Rod C.","contributorId":58594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drewien","given":"Rod C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Springer, P. F.","contributorId":56590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Springer","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2000045,"text":"2000045 - 1969 - Fishery survey of U. S. waters of Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:53","indexId":"2000045","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":222,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"14","title":"Fishery survey of U. S. waters of Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"Gill nets and trawls were fished by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries R/V Cisco during September 19-23, 1964, at several locations and depths in the offshore United States waters of Lake Ontario. Water temperatures were low (3.7-8.3 A?C) at all fishing stations except one (16.4 A?C). Supplementary data were provided by the Bureau's R/V Kaho in 1966. Alewives and smelt were common. Ciscoes were extremely scarce, but large; most of those caught were bloaters. Slimy sculpins were abundant, but no deepwater sculpins were caught. Yellow perch were scarce. Although the warm water species were inadequately sampled, trout-perch seemed to be abundant. Other species, all caught in small numbers, were lake trout, spottail shiners, burbot, threespine sticklebacks, and johnny darters from cold water and northern pike, lake chubs, white suckers, white bass, white perch, and rock bass from warm water.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnological survey of Lake Ontario, 1964","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Wells, L., 1969, Fishery survey of U. S. waters of Lake Ontario: Technical Report 14, p. 51-59.","productDescription":"p. 51-59","startPage":"51","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199178,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92060,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.glfc.org/pubs/TechReports/Tr14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e6109","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, LaRue","contributorId":75476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"LaRue","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2001030,"text":"2001030 - 1969 - Laboratory studies on antimycin A as a fish toxicant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:54","indexId":"2001030","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":39,"text":"Investigations in Fish Control","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"26","title":"Laboratory studies on antimycin A as a fish toxicant","docAbstract":"Liquid and sand formulations of antimycin A were tested in laboratory waters of various temperature, hardness, pH, and turbidity against 31 species of fresh-water fish of various sizes and life stages. Each formulation of toxicant was lethal under all water conditions to fish eggs, fry, fingerlings, and adult fish. Trouts are the most sensitive and catfishes the least sensitive. Of the 31 species, 24 succumb to 5 p.p.b. or less of the toxicant; only certain catfishes survive 25 p.p.b, The order of toxicity to various species of fish suggests that antimycin has possibilities for selective or partial control of certain unwanted fish. Although toxic to fish under ice, antimycin is more active in warm water than in cold. It is slightly more active in soft water than in hard; it is more active and persists far longer in water at pH 5 to 8 than at pH 9 or 10. It is active on fish in either clear and turbid waters, and it can be detoxified by potassium permanganate, The results contributed to registration of antimycin A in Fintrol-5 formulation as a fish toxicant.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife","publisherLocation":"La Crosse, WI","usgsCitation":"Berger, B.L., Lennon, R.E., and Hogan, J.W., 1969, Laboratory studies on antimycin A as a fish toxicant: Investigations in Fish Control 26, 21.","productDescription":"21","startPage":"0","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4446","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berger, Bernard L.","contributorId":20373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lennon, Robert E.","contributorId":14341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lennon","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hogan, James W.","contributorId":24402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70045464,"text":"70045464 - 1969 - Hydrology of the San Luis Valley, south-central Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T11:41:05","indexId":"70045464","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Hydrology of the San Luis Valley, south-central Colorado","docAbstract":"An investigation of the water resources of the Colorado part of the San Luis Valley was begun in 1966 by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board. (See index map, fig. 1). The purpose of the investigation is to provide information for planning and implementing improved water-development and management practices. The major water problems in the San Luis Valley include (1) waterlogging, (2) waste of water by nonbeneficial evapotranspiration, (3) deterioration of ground-water chemical quality, and (4) failure of Colorado to deliver water to New Mexico and Texas in accordance with the Rio Grande Compact. This report describes the hydrologic environment, extent of water-resource development, and some of the problems related to that development. Information presented is based on data collected from 1966 to 1968 and on previous studies. Subsequent reports are planned as the investigation progresses. The San Luis Valley extends about 100 miles from Poncha Pass near the northeast corner of Saguache County, Colo., to a point about 16 miles south of the Colorado-New Mexico State line. The total area is 3,125 square miles, of which about 3,000 are in Colorado. The valley is nearly flat except for the San Luis Hills and a few other small areas. The Colorado part of the San Luis Valley, which is described in this report, has an average altitude of about 7,700 feet. Bounding the valley on the west are the San Juan Mountains and on the east the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. Most of the valley floor is bordered by alluvial fans deposited by streams originating in the mountains, the most extensive being the Rio Grande fan (see block diagram, fig. 2 in pocket). Most of the streamflow is derived from snowmelt from 4,700 square miles of watershed in the surrounding mountains. The northern half of the San Luis Valley is internally drained and is referred to as the closed basin. The lowest part of this area is known locally as the \"sump.\" The remainder of the valley is drained by the Rio Grande and its tributaries. The climate of the San Luis Valley is arid, and a successful agricultural economy would not be possible without irrigation. It is characterized by cold winters, moderate summers, and much sunshine. The average annual precipitation on the valley floor ranges from 7 to 10 inches. More than half the precipitation occurs from July to September. Moisture deficiency in the valley is shown by the graph comparing pan evaporation and precipitation {fig. 3}. For the years 1961-67 average pan evaporation for the period April through September was 52.25 inches, but average precipitation for the period was only 5.02 inches. Average annual precipitation was 7.8 inches. Owing to the short growing season (90-120 days), crops a.re restricted mainly to barley, oats, potatoes, and other vegetables.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/70045464","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Water Conservation Board","usgsCitation":"Emery, P.A., Boettcher, A.J., Snipes, R., and Mcintyre, H., 1969, Hydrology of the San Luis Valley, south-central Colorado: Open-File Report, ii, 22 p.; 3 Plates: 23.79 x 27.78 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/70045464.","productDescription":"ii, 22 p.; 3 Plates: 23.79 x 27.78 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"26","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1966-01-01","temporalEnd":"1968-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271022,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045464/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":272738,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045464/report.pdf"},{"id":272739,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045464/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":272740,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045464/plate-4.pdf"},{"id":272741,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045464/plate-7.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Alamosa;Conejos;Costilla;Custer;Huerfano;Rio Grande;Saguache","otherGeospatial":"San Luis Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.25,37.0 ], [ -105.25,38.5 ], [ -106.75,38.5 ], [ -106.75,37.0 ], [ -105.25,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516fc466e4b05024ef3cd408","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emery, P. A.","contributorId":49392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emery","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boettcher, A. J.","contributorId":25965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boettcher","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snipes, R.J.","contributorId":16813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snipes","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mcintyre, H.J. Jr.","contributorId":34027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mcintyre","given":"H.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1000285,"text":"1000285 - 1969 - Rearing of sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, embryos in distilled water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-06T22:36:47.712241","indexId":"1000285","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rearing of sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, embryos in distilled water","docAbstract":"Most embryological studies of lampreys in the Great Lakes have been conducted with filtered water from Lake Huron. Although this water was entirely satisfactory for the earlier work, the present need for knowledge of the effects of various compounds on embryological development requires that the initial medium be sterile. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether sea lamprey embryos could be successfully reared in distilled water. Mature sea lampreys were collected from the Ocqueoc River, Presque Isle County, Michigan, and transferred to the Hammond Bay Biological Station where eggs were stripped and fertilized according to the method of Piavis. After activation was ascertained to be 90-100% complete, the embryos were washed 3-5 timesexperimentals with commercially obtained U.S.P. distilled water and controls with filtered Lake Huron water.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists (ASIH)","doi":"10.2307/1441724","usgsCitation":"Piavis, G.W., and Howell, J.H., 1969, Rearing of sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, embryos in distilled water: Copeia, v. 1969, no. 1, p. 204-205, https://doi.org/10.2307/1441724.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"204","endPage":"205","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128671,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1969","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b2b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piavis, George W.","contributorId":63755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piavis","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howell, John H.","contributorId":39720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howell","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001879,"text":"1001879 - 1969 - Rapid method for filtration of marsh waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T12:24:28","indexId":"1001879","displayToPublicDate":"1969-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1969","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid method for filtration of marsh waters","docAbstract":"No abstract available.