{"pageNumber":"2495","pageRowStart":"62350","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184689,"records":[{"id":70030463,"text":"70030463 - 2006 - Explicit use of the Biot coefficient in predicting shear-wave velocity of water-saturated sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:03","indexId":"70030463","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1806,"text":"Geophysical Prospecting","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Explicit use of the Biot coefficient in predicting shear-wave velocity of water-saturated sediments","docAbstract":"Predicting the shear-wave (S-wave) velocity is important in seismic modelling, amplitude analysis with offset, and other exploration and engineering applications. Under the low-frequency approximation, the classical Biot-Gassmann theory relates the Biot coefficient to the bulk modulus of water-saturated sediments. If the Biot coefficient under in situ conditions can be estimated, the shear modulus or the S-wave velocity can be calculated. The Biot coefficient derived from the compressional-wave (P-wave) velocity of water-saturated sediments often differs from and is less than that estimated from the S-wave velocity, owing to the interactions between the pore fluid and the grain contacts. By correcting the Biot coefficients derived from P-wave velocities of water-saturated sediments measured at various differential pressures, an accurate method of predicting S-wave velocities is proposed. Numerical results indicate that the predicted S-wave velocities for consolidated and unconsolidated sediments agreewell with measured velocities. ?? 2006 European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Prospecting","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2478.2006.00524.x","issn":"00168025","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., 2006, Explicit use of the Biot coefficient in predicting shear-wave velocity of water-saturated sediments: Geophysical Prospecting, v. 54, no. 2, p. 177-185, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.2006.00524.x.","startPage":"177","endPage":"185","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212009,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.2006.00524.x"},{"id":239412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e06e4b0c8380cd5328b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W.","contributorId":84358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70030426,"text":"70030426 - 2006 - Geology-based planning and the aggregate industry - Perspectives from opposite sides of the globe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:03","indexId":"70030426","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology-based planning and the aggregate industry - Perspectives from opposite sides of the globe","docAbstract":"In Australia and in the United States, encroachment by conflicting land uses, zoning restrictions and the \"not-in-my-backyard\" syndrome make it increasingly difficult to access high-quality aggregate resources located near their market areas. Attempts by government agencies in the United States to protect aggregate resources for future development have met with varying degrees of success. The State of Queensland, Australia, designates aggregate resource areas as Key Resource Areas. These protect the resource and the routes to transport the resource, provide a separation area from incompatible land uses and indicate the likelihood that the area is free from conflicting social or environmental issues.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00265187","usgsCitation":"Stephens, A., and Langer, W.H., 2006, Geology-based planning and the aggregate industry - Perspectives from opposite sides of the globe: Mining Engineering, v. 58, no. 4, p. 63-68.","startPage":"63","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2756e4b0c8380cd597b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephens, A.W.","contributorId":68102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langer, W. H.","contributorId":44932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70033576,"text":"70033576 - 2006 - Geophysical evaluation of the Success Dam foundation, Porterville, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70033576","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geophysical evaluation of the Success Dam foundation, Porterville, California","docAbstract":"Success Dam is a zonedearth fill embankment located near Porterville, CA. Studies of Success Dam by the recent Dam Safety Assurance Program (DSAP) have demonstrated the potential for seismic instability and large deformation of the dam due to relatively low levels of earthquake shaking. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers conducted several phases of investigations to determine the properties of the dam and its underlying foundation. Detailed engineering studies have been applied using a large number of analytical techniques to estimate the response of the dam and foundation system when subjected to earthquake loading. Although a large amount of data have been acquired, most are 'point' data from borings and results have to be extrapolated between the borings. Geophysical techniques were applied to image the subsurface to provide a better understanding of the spatial distribution of key units that potentially impact the stability. Geophysical investigations employing seismic refraction tomography, direct current (DC) resistivity, audio magnetotellurics (AMT) and self-potential (SP) were conducted across the location of the foundation of a new dam proposed to replace the existing one. Depth to bedrock and the occurrence of beds potentially susceptible to liquefaction were the focus of the investigations. Seismic refraction tomography offers a deep investigation of the foundation region and looks at compressional and shear properties of the material. Whereas resistivity surveys determines conductivity relationships in the shallow subsurface and can produce a relatively high-resolution image of geological units with different electrical properties. AMT was applied because it has the potential to look considerably deeper than the other methods, is useful for confirming depth to bedrock, and can be useful in identifying deep seated faults. SP is a passive electrical method that measures the electrical streaming potential in the subsurface that responds to the movement of ground water. SP surveys were conducted at low pool and high pool conditions in order to look for evidence of seepage below the existing dam. In this paper, we summarize these techniques, present their results at Success Dam, and discuss general application of these techniques for investigating dams and their foundations.","largerWorkTitle":"Association of State Dam Safety Officials - Dam Safety 2006, Proceedings from the 2006 Annual Conference","conferenceTitle":"2006 Annual Conference on Dam Safety","conferenceDate":"10 September 2008 through 14 September 2008","conferenceLocation":"Boston, MA","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hunter, L.E., Powers, M., Haines, S., Asch, T., Burton, B., and Serafini, D., 2006, Geophysical evaluation of the Success Dam foundation, Porterville, California, <i>in</i> Association of State Dam Safety Officials - Dam Safety 2006, Proceedings from the 2006 Annual Conference, Boston, MA, 10 September 2008 through 14 September 2008.","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2820e4b0c8380cd59e60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunter, L. E.","contributorId":100207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powers, M.H.","contributorId":40352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haines, S. 0000-0003-2611-8165","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-8165","contributorId":13052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Asch, T.","contributorId":95709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asch","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burton, B.L.","contributorId":93983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Serafini, D.C.","contributorId":56459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Serafini","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":441507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70030541,"text":"70030541 - 2006 - Patterns of den occupation by the spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:13","indexId":"70030541","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":670,"text":"African Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of den occupation by the spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta)","docAbstract":"Spotted hyaenas utilize isolated natal dens (NDs) and communal dens (CDs) for rearing their cubs. Here we describe patterns of natal and CD occupation by hyaenas belonging to one well-studied clan in the Maasai Mara National Reserve during a 10-year period. Locations of 98 den sites that were used as natal or CDs by hyaenas in the study clan were digitized in a Geographic Information System, and the duration of use of each den site, frequency of re-use, and distances involved in den moves were quantified. Hyaenas moved their CD monthly on average. Most CD sites were occupied only once during the study, but several sites were used repeatedly. On rare occasions, the movement of hyaenas to a new den site could be attributed to a disturbance event at the CD, but factors regularly prompting hyaenas to move to new CD sites were unclear. High-ranking female hyaenas were more likely to rear their cubs from birth in a CD than low-ranking females. Low-ranking females almost always utilized isolated NDs for the first few weeks of a litter's development, and low-ranking females transferred their cubs over longer distances than did high-ranking females. ?? 2006 East African Wild Life Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"African Journal of Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2028.2006.00618.x","issn":"01416707","usgsCitation":"Boydston, E., Kapheim, K., and Holekamp, K., 2006, Patterns of den occupation by the spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta): African Journal of Ecology, v. 44, no. 1, p. 77-86, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2006.00618.x.","startPage":"77","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212101,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2006.00618.x"},{"id":239524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75cce4b0c8380cd77d52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boydston, E. E.","contributorId":106045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boydston","given":"E. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kapheim, K.M.","contributorId":64197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kapheim","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holekamp, K.E.","contributorId":34077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holekamp","given":"K.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70176688,"text":"70176688 - 2006 - Conceptual ecological model for management of breeding grassland birds in the Mid-Atlantic Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-28T11:15:02","indexId":"70176688","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":53,"text":"Natural Resource Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/NER/NRR--2006/005","title":"Conceptual ecological model for management of breeding grassland birds in the Mid-Atlantic Region","docAbstract":"<p>The status of grassland birds has become an increasingly important conservation issue. These species exhibit the most consistent population declines of any group of North American birds during the past 40 years. Anecdotal evidence suggests these declines have been occurring for nearly a century (Peterjohn and Sauer 1999). While the widespread conversion of grasslands into other habitats contributed to these declining populations, other factors such as habitat fragmentation and mowing regimes are also implicated (Vickery et al. 1999a). This plight of grassland birds has heightened awareness of the need for concerted conservation actions to reverse these seriously declining population trends. </p><p>The National Park Service (NPS) is positioned to potentially contribute to grassland bird conservation in the Mid-Atlantic Region. The NPS maintains a number of historic sites and former battlefields that are managed for their cultural significance but also support wildlife populations. Many of these “cultural parks” maintain open landscapes to recreate land use patterns that existed at the times of the historical events. These open landscapes are primarily managed grasslands which could be maintained to benefit grassland birds. </p><p>In 2005, the NPS initiated a project exploring the potential of “cultural parks” to support significant breeding grassland bird communities. This project involved parks within three NPS Inventory and Monitoring Program (I&amp;M) networks, Mid-Atlantic, National Capital, and Eastern Rivers and Mountains. Five parks were selected for the initial focus of this study, all of which maintain open landscapes for interpretation of historic events. Most parks were selected because they represent the most extensive grassland habitats within their networks, with the rationale that if these parks cannot support significant breeding grassland bird communities, then parks with smaller acreages cannot support these communities either. The five parks included in this study are: Antietam National Battlefield, Fort Necessity National Battlefield, Gettysburg National Battlefield, Manassas National Battlefield, and Monocacy National Battlefield. </p><p>This conceptual ecological model is one product of this project. The information presented below allows NPS Network Coordinators to understand the factors to consider when making decisions concerning grassland management within their networks. This model provides park Resource Managers with information on grassland ecology in the Mid-Atlantic Region, the ecological requirements of grassland birds likely to occur in their parks, and management issues that influence whether significant breeding populations can be expected to occupy grasslands created and maintained in the parks. The Resource Managers can then make informed decisions concerning their ability to create and maintain grassland habitats. </p><p>The emphasis of this conceptual model is restricted to management of breeding grassland birds. Additional species may occur in this region during migration and winter, while habitat requirements of all grassland birds during nonbreeding seasons will differ from those described for the breeding season.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","usgsCitation":"Peterjohn, B.G., 2006, Conceptual ecological model for management of breeding grassland birds in the Mid-Atlantic Region: Natural Resource Report NPS/NER/NRR--2006/005, vii, 43 p.","productDescription":"vii, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"56","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329063,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":329062,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/DownloadFile/152719","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ed5314e4b090825011d517","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterjohn, Bruce G. bpeterjohn@usgs.gov","contributorId":4493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterjohn","given":"Bruce","email":"bpeterjohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":649845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70197357,"text":"70197357 - 2006 - The application of acoustic Doppler current profilers to measure the timing and patterns of coral larval dispersal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-30T14:36:08","indexId":"70197357","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1338,"text":"Coral Reefs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The application of acoustic Doppler current profilers to measure the timing and patterns of coral larval dispersal","docAbstract":"<p><span>An experiment was conducted along the reefs off west Maui, Hawaii, during the summer of 2003 to monitor the spawning of the reef-building coral&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Montipora capitata</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and to determine the role of ocean currents in dispersing the larvae from the natal reef. Instruments documented the environmental forcing during the coral spawning season; drifters were deployed on three successive nights following direct observations of coral spawning. Both the timing and relative magnitude of the coral spawning were identifiable in acoustic backscatter data and correlated to plankton tow data. Each drifter track showed that the surface water containing coral eggs and planula larvae were transported rapidly offshore and not locally retained. Wind and current patterns during the previous year and during subsequent coral spawning events later in the summer were similar to those observed during the drifter releases. This suggests that the trajectories observed during the focused experiment are representative of the general pattern of larval dispersal off west Maui. These findings demonstrate the application of acoustic profilers for remotely imaging coral spawning and predicting their initial dispersal patterns.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00338-006-0121-x","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., Brown, E., and Field, M.E., 2006, The application of acoustic Doppler current profilers to measure the timing and patterns of coral larval dispersal: Coral Reefs, v. 25, no. 3, p. 369-381, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-006-0121-x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"381","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354602,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.7192840576172,\n              20.842769854697035\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.63414001464844,\n              20.842769854697035\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.63414001464844,\n              21.031955437049724\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.7192840576172,\n              21.031955437049724\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.7192840576172,\n              20.842769854697035\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b157a5be4b092d9651e1fad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490 cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":2333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","email":"cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":736842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, E.K.","contributorId":97311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"E.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Field, Michael E. mfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":2101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Michael","email":"mfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030977,"text":"70030977 - 2006 - Quiescent deformation of the Aniakchak Caldera, Alaska mapped by InSAR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T15:57:38","indexId":"70030977","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quiescent deformation of the Aniakchak Caldera, Alaska mapped by InSAR","docAbstract":"<p><span>The 10-km-wide caldera of the historically active Aniakchak volcano, Alaska, subsides ∼13 mm/yr, based on data from 19 European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS-1 and ERS-2) interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) images from 1992 through 2002. The pattern of subsidence does not reflect the distribution of pyroclastic deposits from the last eruption in 1931 and therefore is not related to compaction of fragmental debris. Weighted least-squares inversion of the deformation maps indicates a relatively constant subsidence rate. Modeling the deformation with a Mogi point source locates the source of subsidence at ∼4 km below the central caldera floor, which is consistent with the inferred depth of magma storage before the 1931 eruption. Magmatic CO</span><sub>2</sub><span> and He have been measured at a warm soda spring within the caldera, and several sub-boiling fumaroles persist elsewhere in the caldera. These observations suggest that recent subsidence can be explained by the cooling or degassing of a shallow magma body (∼4 km deep), and/or the reduction of the pore-fluid pressure of a cooling hydrothermal system. Ongoing deformation of the volcano detected by InSAR, in combination with magmatic gas output from at least one warm spring, and infrequent low-level bursts of seismicity below the caldera, indicate that the volcanic system is still active and requires close attention for the timely detection of possible hazards.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G22015.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Kwoun, O., Lu, Z., Neal, C.A., and Wicks, C., 2006, Quiescent deformation of the Aniakchak Caldera, Alaska mapped by InSAR: Geology, v. 34, no. 1, p. 5-8, https://doi.org/10.1130/G22015.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"8","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488543,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g22015.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -159.0765380859375,\n              56.32567522544464\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.0765380859375,\n              57.25528054528889\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.9891357421875,\n              57.25528054528889\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.9891357421875,\n              56.32567522544464\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.0765380859375,\n              56.32567522544464\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9317e4b0c8380cd80be6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kwoun, Oh-Ig","contributorId":41945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwoun","given":"Oh-Ig","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":429480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neal, Christina A. 0000-0002-7697-7825 tneal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-7825","contributorId":131135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Christina","email":"tneal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wicks, Charles W. Jr. cwicks@usgs.gov","contributorId":3476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"Charles W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"cwicks@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":429478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030467,"text":"70030467 - 2006 - Petrography and geochemistry of the Middle Devonian coal from Luquan, Yunnan Province, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:03","indexId":"70030467","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1709,"text":"Fuel","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrography and geochemistry of the Middle Devonian coal from Luquan, Yunnan Province, China","docAbstract":"Coals from Luquan, Yunnan Province, China, have high contents of cutinite and microsporinite, with an average of 55 and 33.5 vol%, respectively, (on a mineral-free basis). The coals are classified as cutinitic liptobiolith, sporinite-rich durain, cutinite-rich durain, and sporinitic liptobiolith. These four liptinite-rich coals are often interlayered within the coal bed section and vary transversely within the coal bed. The vitrinite content varies from as low as 1.6-20.5% (mineral-free basis), and it is dominated by collodetrinite, collotelinite, and corpogelinite. The maceral composition may be attributed to the type of the peat-forming plant communities. Moreover, the Luquan coals are characterized by high contents of volatile matter, hydrogen, and oxygen, and the high values of the atomic hydrogen to carbon ratio as a result of the maceral composition. As compared with the common Chinese coals and the upper continental crust, the Luquan coals are enriched in Li, B, Cu, Ga, Se, Rb, Mo, Ba, Pb, Bi, and U, with averages of 99.9, 250, 111, 24.4, 4.55, 130, 58.8, 1276, 162, 3.85, and 34.1 ??g/g, respectively. The SEM-EDX results show that V, Cr, Ga, and Rb occur mainly in clay minerals, and Cu and Pb are associated with clay minerals and pyrite, and Mo and U are mainly in clay minerals and organic matter. Barite and clay minerals are the main carrier of barium. The high B and U contents are probably resulted from deep seawater influence during coal formation. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fuel","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2005.08.017","issn":"00162361","usgsCitation":"Dai, S., Han, D., and Chou, C.L., 2006, Petrography and geochemistry of the Middle Devonian coal from Luquan, Yunnan Province, China: Fuel, v. 85, no. 4, p. 456-464, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2005.08.017.","startPage":"456","endPage":"464","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212042,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2005.08.017"},{"id":239450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a779ee4b0c8380cd78536","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dai, S.","contributorId":9757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dai","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Han, D.","contributorId":23740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Han","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chou, C. L.","contributorId":32655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031078,"text":"70031078 - 2006 - Effect of reduced winter precipitation and increased temperature on watershed solute flux, 1988-2002, Northern Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70031078","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of reduced winter precipitation and increased temperature on watershed solute flux, 1988-2002, Northern Michigan","docAbstract":"Since 1987 we have studied weekly change in winter (December-April) precipitation, snowpack, snowmelt, soil water, and stream water solute flux in a small (176-ha) Northern Michigan watershed vegetated by 65-85 year-old northern hardwoods. Our primary study objective was to quantify the effect of change in winter temperature and precipitation on watershed hydrology and solute flux. During the study winter runoff was correlated with precipitation, and forest soils beneath the snowpack remained unfrozen. Winter air temperature and soil temperature beneath the snowpack increased while precipitation and snowmelt declined. Atmospheric inputs declined for H+, NO 3- , NH 4+ , dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), and SO 42- . Replicated plot-level results, which could not be directly extrapolated to the watershed scale, showed 90% of atmospheric DIN input was retained in surface shallow (<15 cm deep) soils while SO 42- flux increased 70% and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) 30-fold. Most stream water base cation (C B), HCO 3- , and Cl- concentrations declined with increased stream water discharge, K+, NO 3- , and SO 42- remained unchanged, and DOC and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) increased. Winter stream water solute outputs declined or were unchanged with time except for NO 3- and DOC which increased. DOC and DIN outputs were correlated with the percentage of winter runoff and stream discharge that occurred when subsurface flow at the plot-level was shallow (<25 cm beneath Oi). Study results suggest that the percentage of annual runoff occurring as shallow lateral subsurface flow may be a major factor regulating solute outputs and concentrations in snowmelt-dominated ecosystems. ?? Springer 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10533-005-1810-1","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Stottlemyer, R., and Toczydlowski, D., 2006, Effect of reduced winter precipitation and increased temperature on watershed solute flux, 1988-2002, Northern Michigan: Biogeochemistry, v. 77, no. 3, p. 409-440, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-005-1810-1.","startPage":"409","endPage":"440","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211622,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-005-1810-1"},{"id":238942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05fee4b0c8380cd5107c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stottlemyer, R.","contributorId":44493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stottlemyer","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Toczydlowski, D.","contributorId":9790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toczydlowski","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70031111,"text":"70031111 - 2006 - State summaries: California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70031111","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"State summaries: California","docAbstract":"According to the United States Geological Survey (USGS), California ranked second behind Arizona among the states in nonfuel mineral production during 2005. It accounted for 7% of the US's total. The market value of mineral production for California amounted to $3.7 billion. During the year, California produced 30 varieties of industrial minerals. The nonfuel minerals came from 820 active mines.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00265187","usgsCitation":"Kohl, S.G., 2006, State summaries: California: Mining Engineering, v. 58, no. 5, p. 70-74.","startPage":"70","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b96d3e4b08c986b31b71f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kohl, S. G.","contributorId":64886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohl","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70031090,"text":"70031090 - 2006 - Low-temperature MTBE biodegradation in aquifer sediments with a history of low, seasonal ground water temperatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T08:22:20","indexId":"70031090","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low-temperature MTBE biodegradation in aquifer sediments with a history of low, seasonal ground water temperatures","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Sediments from two shallow, methyl<span>&nbsp;</span><i>tert</i>‐butyl ether (MTBE)–contaminated aquifers, with mean ground water temperatures ∼10°C, demonstrated significant mineralization of [U‐<sup>14</sup>C] MTBE to<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>at incubation temperatures as low as 4°C. These results indicate that microbial degradation can continue to contribute to the attenuation of MTBE in ground water under wintertime, low‐temperature conditions.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00075.x","issn":"10693629","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P., and Landmeyer, J., 2006, Low-temperature MTBE biodegradation in aquifer sediments with a history of low, seasonal ground water temperatures: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 26, no. 1, p. 101-105, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00075.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"105","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":211308,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00075.x"},{"id":238577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a5de4b0c8380cd68ce8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landmeyer, J. E.","contributorId":91140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70030420,"text":"70030420 - 2006 - Extreme plasticity in thermoregulatory behaviors of free-ranging black-tailed prairie dogs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:03","indexId":"70030420","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3075,"text":"Physiological and Biochemical Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extreme plasticity in thermoregulatory behaviors of free-ranging black-tailed prairie dogs","docAbstract":"In the natural environment, hibernating sciurids generally remain dormant during winter and enter numerous deep torpor bouts from the time of first immergence in fall until emergence in spring. In contrast, black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) remain active throughout winter but periodically enter short and shallow bouts of torpor. While investigating body temperature (Tb) patterns of black-tailed prairie dogs from six separate colonies in northern Colorado, we observed one population that displayed torpor patterns resembling those commonly seen in hibernators. Five individuals in this population experienced multiple torpor bouts in immediate succession that increased in length and depth as winter progressed, whereas 16 prairie dogs in five neighboring colonies remained euthermic for the majority of winter and entered shallow bouts of torpor infrequently. Our results suggest that these differences in torpor patterns did not result from differences in the physiological indicators that we measured because the prairie dogs monitored had similar body masses and concentrations of stored lipids across seasons. Likewise, our results did not support the idea that differences in overwinter Tb patterns between prairie dogs in colonies with differing torpor patterns resulted from genetic differences between populations; genetic analyses of prairie dog colonies revealed high genetic similarity between the populations and implied that individuals regularly disperse between colonies. Local environmental conditions probably played a role in the unusual T b patterns experienced by prairie dogs in the colony where hibernation-like patterns were observed; this population received significantly less rainfall than neighboring colonies during the summer growing seasons before, during, and after the year of the winter in which they hibernated. Our study provides a rare example of extreme plasticity in thermoregulatory behaviors of free-ranging prairie dogs and provides evidence contrary to models that propose a clear delineation between homeothermy, facultative torpor, and hibernation. ?? 2006 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physiological and Biochemical Zoology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1086/502816","issn":"15222152","usgsCitation":"Lehmer, E., Savage, L., Antolin, M., and Biggins, E., 2006, Extreme plasticity in thermoregulatory behaviors of free-ranging black-tailed prairie dogs: Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, v. 79, no. 3, p. 454-467, https://doi.org/10.1086/502816.","startPage":"454","endPage":"467","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211924,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/502816"}],"volume":"79","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e69e4b0c8380cd5343d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lehmer, E.M.","contributorId":99102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lehmer","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, L.T.","contributorId":102274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"L.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Antolin, M.F.","contributorId":101450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antolin","given":"M.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biggins, E.","contributorId":88303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028702,"text":"70028702 - 2006 - Effects of live-well conditions on mortality and largemouth bass virus prevalence in largemouth bass caught during summer tournaments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70028702","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of live-well conditions on mortality and largemouth bass virus prevalence in largemouth bass caught during summer tournaments","docAbstract":"We evaluated the effect of improved live-well conditions and the interaction of tournament stress and largemouth bass virus (LMBV) on tournament-associated mortality of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides caught during 12 summer tournaments. Improvements in live-well conditions (reduction in water temperature by 2-5??C; addition of NaCl; continuous aeration) significantly reduced initial mortality of largemouth bass from 7% to 3% (F 1,11 = 10.29, P < 0.01). However, postrelease mortality of fish held for 5 d in net-pens or raceways was not reduced by the improved live-well conditions and averaged 76% for all tournament fish (F1,11 = 0.09, P = 0.77). The percentage of angler-caught fish infected with LMBV at the end of tournaments (14%) was significantly higher (P = 0.05) than the percentage infected in the general population (7%). The percentage of LMBV-infected fish increased during the post-tournament retention period to 64% for fish from live wells with improved conditions and 70% for fish from control live wells. Reference fish collected by electrofishing and held with tournament fish for 5 d also had high mortality (59%) and LMBV prevalence (47%), but these variables were significantly lower than those for tournament fish (mortality: F 2,30 = 3.63, P = 0.04; prevalence [Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test]: P < 0.01). Many of the fish also had bacterial diseases during the post-tournament period, so the effect of LMBV on postrelease mortality could not be determined. However, the higher postrelease mortality of tournament and reference fish in our study relative to that observed in previous tournaments on lakes presumed free of LMBV suggests that this newly discovered pathogen influences measurement of post-tournament mortality. Increases in LMBV prevalence after typical fishing tournaments without prolonged post-tournament fish confinement will probably be lower than those we observed, but further research on the effects of LMBV on fish released from tournaments is warranted. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M04-210.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Schramm, H., Walters, A., Grizzle, J., Beck, B., Hanson, L.A., and Rees, S., 2006, Effects of live-well conditions on mortality and largemouth bass virus prevalence in largemouth bass caught during summer tournaments: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 26, no. 4, p. 812-825, https://doi.org/10.1577/M04-210.1.","startPage":"812","endPage":"825","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209738,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M04-210.1"},{"id":236435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0747e4b0c8380cd51619","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schramm, H.L. Jr.","contributorId":103823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schramm","given":"H.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, A.R.","contributorId":22953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grizzle, J.M.","contributorId":57016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grizzle","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beck, B.H.","contributorId":30423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"B.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hanson, L. A.","contributorId":21111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"L.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rees, S.B.","contributorId":83322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rees","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70028796,"text":"70028796 - 2006 - Panel: Eco-informatics and decision making managing our natural resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-11T14:59:57","indexId":"70028796","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Panel: Eco-informatics and decision making managing our natural resources","docAbstract":"This panel responds to the December 2004 workshop on Eco-Informatics and Decision Making [1], which addressed how informatics tools can help with better management of natural resources and policy making. The workshop was jointly sponsored by the NSF, NBII, NASA, and EPA. Workshop participants recommended that informatics research in four IT areas be funded: modeling and simulation, data quality, information integration and ontologies, and social and human aspects. Additionally, they recommend that funding agencies provide infrastructure and some changes in funding habits to assure cycles of innovation in the domain were addressed. This panel brings issues raised in that workshop to the attention of digital government researchers.","largerWorkTitle":"ACM International Conference Proceeding Series","conferenceTitle":"7th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research, Dg.o 2006","conferenceDate":"21 May 2006 through 24 May 2006","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","doi":"10.1145/1146598.1146605","usgsCitation":"Gushing, J., Wilson, T., Martin, F., Schnase, J., Spengler, S., Sugarbaker, L., and Pardo, T., 2006, Panel: Eco-informatics and decision making managing our natural resources, <i>in</i> ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, v. 151, San Diego, CA, 21 May 2006 through 24 May 2006, p. 12-13, https://doi.org/10.1145/1146598.1146605.","startPage":"12","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":209955,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1146598.1146605"},{"id":236721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"151","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a74b7e4b0c8380cd777b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gushing, J.B.","contributorId":98936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gushing","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, T.","contributorId":49581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, F.","contributorId":75725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schnase, J.","contributorId":36736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnase","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spengler, S.","contributorId":93259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spengler","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sugarbaker, L.","contributorId":87352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sugarbaker","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pardo, T.","contributorId":56431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pardo","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70028735,"text":"70028735 - 2006 - Environmental threats to tidal-marsh vertebrates of the San Francisco Bay estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-26T16:38:01","indexId":"70028735","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3489,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental threats to tidal-marsh vertebrates of the San Francisco Bay estuary","docAbstract":"The San Francisco Bay and delta system comprises the largest estuary along the Pacific Coast of the Americas and the largest remaining area for tidal-marsh vertebrates, yet tidal marshes have been dramatically altered since the middle of the 19th century. Although recent efforts to restore ecological functions are notable, numerous threats to both endemic and widespread marsh organisms, including habitat loss, are still present. The historic extent of wetlands in the estuary included 2,200 km2 of tidal marshes, of which only 21% remain, but these tidal marshes comprise >90% of all remaining tidal marshes in California. In this paper, we present the most prominent environmental threats to tidal-marsh vertebrates including habitat loss (fragmentation, reductions in available sediment, and sea-level rise), habitat deterioration (contaminants, water quality, and human disturbance), and competitive interactions (invasive species, predation, mosquito and other vector control, and disease). We discuss these threats in light of the hundreds of proposed and ongoing projects to restore wetlands in the estuary and suggest research needs to support future decisions on restoration planning.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies in Avian Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01979922","isbn":"0943610702; 9780943610702","usgsCitation":"Takekawa, J.Y., Woo, I., Spautz, H., Nur, N., Letitia, G.J., Malamud-Roam, K., Cully, N.J., Cohen, A., Malamud-Roam, F., and La Cruz, W., 2006, Environmental threats to tidal-marsh vertebrates of the San Francisco Bay estuary: Studies in Avian Biology, no. 32, p. 176-197.","startPage":"176","endPage":"197","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09e9e4b0c8380cd520ee","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Greenberg R.Maldonado J.E.Droege S.McDonald M.V.","contributorId":128314,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Greenberg R.Maldonado J.E.Droege S.McDonald M.V.","id":536647,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":419530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woo, I.","contributorId":45861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woo","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spautz, Hildie","contributorId":30803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spautz","given":"Hildie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nur, N.","contributorId":13576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nur","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Letitia, Grenier J.","contributorId":106297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letitia","given":"Grenier","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Malamud-Roam, K.","contributorId":73801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malamud-Roam","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cully, Nordby J.","contributorId":9833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cully","given":"Nordby","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cohen, A.N.","contributorId":84544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Malamud-Roam, F.","contributorId":60428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malamud-Roam","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"La Cruz, Wainwright-De","contributorId":82632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Cruz","given":"Wainwright-De","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70028797,"text":"70028797 - 2006 - Onset of snowmelt and streamflow in 2004 in the Western Unites States: How shading may affect spring streamflow timing in a warmer world","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T09:08:21","indexId":"70028797","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2344,"text":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Onset of snowmelt and streamflow in 2004 in the Western Unites States: How shading may affect spring streamflow timing in a warmer world","docAbstract":"Historic streamflow records show that the onset of snowfed streamflow in the western United States has shifted earlier over the past 50 yr, and March 2004 was one of the earliest onsets on record. Record high temperatures occurred throughout the western United States during the second week of March, and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) stream gauges throughout the area recorded early onsets of streamflow at this time. However, a set of nested subbasins in Yosemite National Park, California, told a more complicated story. In spite of high air temperatures, many streams draining high-elevation basins did not start flowing until later in the spring. Temperatures during early March 2004 were as high as temperatures in late March 2002, when streams at all of the monitored Yosemite basins began flowing at the same time. However, the March 2004 onset occurred before the spring equinox, when the sun was lower in the sky. Thus, shading and solar radiation differences played a much more important role in 2004, leading to differences in streamflow timing. These results suggest that as temperatures warm and spring melt shifts earlier in the season, topographic effects will play an even more important role than at present in determining snowmelt timing. ?? 2006 American Meteorological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrometeorology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/JHM539.1","issn":"1525755X","usgsCitation":"Lundquist, J., and Flint, A.L., 2006, Onset of snowmelt and streamflow in 2004 in the Western Unites States: How shading may affect spring streamflow timing in a warmer world: Journal of Hydrometeorology, v. 7, no. 6, p. 1199-1217, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM539.1.","startPage":"1199","endPage":"1217","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477543,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm539.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209956,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JHM539.1"}],"volume":"7","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e42e4b0c8380cd75571","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lundquist, J.D.","contributorId":93243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundquist","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, A. L.","contributorId":102453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028701,"text":"70028701 - 2006 - Varieties of submarine failure morphologies of seismically-induced landslides in Alaskan fjords","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T16:58:34","indexId":"70028701","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Varieties of submarine failure morphologies of seismically-induced landslides in Alaskan fjords","docAbstract":"<p>The Great Alaska Earthquake of 1964 caused major damage and 43 deaths in the coastal communities of Seward and Valdez. Most of these losses were caused by tsunamis that occurred immediately after the earthquake and were most likely induced by local submarine landslides. Recent NOAA multibcam bathymetric surveys near Seward and Valdez provide detailed information about the morphology of landslide deposits in both areas. High-resolution (chirp) surveys were conducted by the USGS, and sediment samples were taken over apparent landslide debris. Landslide deposits near Seward typically take the form of a series of large and small blocks lying directly off the front of the town, although there are indications of sandy and muddy debris flows occurring off river deltas. Near Valdez, landslide morphologies include at least three forms: a field of large blocks (up to 40 m high), an intricate series of gullies, channels, and talus near the fjord-head delta and a broad debris lobe that apparently flowed half-way down the fjord and stopped. The 1964 landslide tsunamis may have been composites resulting from a number of landslide events.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"language":"English","issn":"0029196X","usgsCitation":"Lee, H., Ryan, H., Kayen, R.E., Haeussler, P.J., Dartnell, P., and Hampton, M.A., 2006, Varieties of submarine failure morphologies of seismically-induced landslides in Alaskan fjords, <i>in</i> Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, v. 86, no. 3, p. 221-230.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"230","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236402,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc199e4b08c986b32a685","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, H.","contributorId":40739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryan, H.","contributorId":94241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kayen, R. E.","contributorId":14424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":419334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dartnell, P.","contributorId":60797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hampton, M. A.","contributorId":103271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70028699,"text":"70028699 - 2006 - Evidence of Lake Trout reproduction at Lake Michigan's mid-lake reef complex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-06T11:42:21","indexId":"70028699","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of Lake Trout reproduction at Lake Michigan's mid-lake reef complex","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Mid-Lake Reef Complex (MLRC), a large area of deep (&gt; 40 m) reefs, was a major site where indigenous lake trout (</span><i>Salvelinus namaycush</i><span>) in Lake Michigan aggregated during spawning. As part of an effort to restore Lake Michigan's lake trout, which were extirpated in the 1950s, yearling lake trout have been released over the MLRC since the mid-1980s and fall gill net censuses began to show large numbers of lake trout in spawning condition beginning about 1999. We report the first evidence of viable egg deposition and successful lake trout fry production at these deep reefs. Because the area's existing bathymetry and habitat were too poorly known for a priori selection of sampling sites, we used hydroacoustics to locate concentrations of large fish in the fall; fish were congregating around slopes and ridges. Subsequent observations via unmanned submersible confirmed the large fish to be lake trout. Our technological objectives were driven by biological objectives of locating where lake trout spawn, where lake trout fry were produced, and what fishes ate lake trout eggs and fry. The unmanned submersibles were equipped with a suction sampler and electroshocker to sample eggs deposited on the reef, draw out and occasionally catch emergent fry, and collect egg predators (slimy sculpin&nbsp;</span><i>Cottus cognatus</i><span>). We observed slimy sculpin to eat unusually high numbers of lake trout eggs. Our qualitative approaches are a first step toward quantitative assessments of the importance of lake trout spawning on the MLRC.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.3394/0380-1330(2006)32[749:EOLTRA]2.0.CO;2","issn":"03801330","usgsCitation":"Janssen, J., Jude, D., Edsall, T., Paddock, R., Wattrus, N., Toneys, M., and McKee, P., 2006, Evidence of Lake Trout reproduction at Lake Michigan's mid-lake reef complex: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 32, no. 4, p. 749-763, https://doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2006)32[749:EOLTRA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"749","endPage":"763","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236370,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d5de4b0c8380cd52f97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Janssen, J.","contributorId":97303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janssen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jude, D.J.","contributorId":13016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jude","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edsall, T.A.","contributorId":73549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paddock, R.W.","contributorId":38343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paddock","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wattrus, N.","contributorId":39567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wattrus","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Toneys, M.","contributorId":40756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toneys","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McKee, P.","contributorId":11817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70028688,"text":"70028688 - 2006 - Automatic alignment of vector data and orthoimagery for the national map","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028688","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Automatic alignment of vector data and orthoimagery for the national map","docAbstract":"A general problem in combining road vector data with orthoimagery from different sources is that they rarely align. There are a variety of causes to this problem, but the most common one is that the latest products are collected with higher accuracy and improved processing techniques. In previous work, we developed techniques to automatically correct the alignment of vector data with orthoimagery using a technique called conflation. However, in applying our technique to real-world datasets provided by USGS, we discovered that these techniques failed in some areas. In this paper, we describe some refinements to our original approach that provide consistently better results in aligning the vector data with the orthoimagery.","largerWorkTitle":"ACM International Conference Proceeding Series","conferenceTitle":"7th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research, Dg.o 2006","conferenceDate":"21 May 2006 through 24 May 2006","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","doi":"10.1145/1146598.1146680","usgsCitation":"Knoblock, C., Shahabi, C., Chen, C., and Usery, E., 2006, Automatic alignment of vector data and orthoimagery for the national map, <i>in</i> ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, v. 151, San Diego, CA, 21 May 2006 through 24 May 2006, p. 303-304, https://doi.org/10.1145/1146598.1146680.","startPage":"303","endPage":"304","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209997,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1146598.1146680"}],"volume":"151","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eef8e4b0c8380cd4a094","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knoblock, C.A.","contributorId":105107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knoblock","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shahabi, C.","contributorId":51521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shahabi","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chen, C.-C.","contributorId":22559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"C.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Usery, E.L.","contributorId":45355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Usery","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028822,"text":"70028822 - 2006 - The carbon balance of North American wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:57:14","indexId":"70028822","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The carbon balance of North American wetlands","docAbstract":"<p>We examine the carbon balance of North American wetlands by reviewing and synthesizing the published literature and soil databases. North American wetlands contain about 220 Pg C, most of which is in peat. They are a small to moderate carbon sink of about 49 Tg C yr-1, although the uncertainty around this estimate is greater than 100%, with the largest unknown being the role of carbon sequestration by sedimentation in freshwater mineral-soil wetlands. We estimate that North American wetlands emit 9 Tg methane (CH 4) yr-1; however, the uncertainty of this estimate is also greater than 100%. With the exception of estuarine wetlands, CH4 emissions from wetlands may largely offset any positive benefits of carbon sequestration in soils and plants in terms of climate forcing. Historically, the destruction of wetlands through land-use changes has had the largest effects on the carbon fluxes and consequent radiative forcing of North American wetlands. The primary effects have been a reduction in their ability to sequester carbon (a small to moderate increase in radiative forcing), oxidation of their soil carbon reserves upon drainage (a small increase in radiative forcing), and reduction in CH4 emissions (a small to large decrease in radiative forcing). It is uncertain how global changes will affect the carbon pools and fluxes of North American wetlands. We will not be able to predict accurately the role of wetlands as potential positive or negative feedbacks to anthropogenic global change without knowing the integrative effects of changes in temperature, precipitation, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and sulfur on the carbon balance of North American wetlands.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[889:TCBONA]2.0.CO;2","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Bridgham, S., Megonigal, J., Keller, J., Bliss, N., and Trettin, C., 2006, The carbon balance of North American wetlands: Wetlands, v. 26, no. 4, p. 889-916, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[889:TCBONA]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"889","endPage":"916","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209823,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[889:TCBONA]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa04e4b08c986b322689","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bridgham, S.D.","contributorId":40775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridgham","given":"S.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Megonigal, J.P.","contributorId":22545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Megonigal","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keller, J.K.","contributorId":17032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bliss, N.B. 0000-0003-2409-5211","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-5211","contributorId":104094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"N.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Trettin, C.","contributorId":18162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trettin","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028689,"text":"70028689 - 2006 - Submarine gravity slides on the Paleozoic continental slope at the western edge of the Great Basin, east-cental California: A mechanism for development of unconformities in slope environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:57","indexId":"70028689","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3481,"text":"Stratigraphy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Submarine gravity slides on the Paleozoic continental slope at the western edge of the Great Basin, east-cental California: A mechanism for development of unconformities in slope environments","docAbstract":"The middle Paleozoic continental slope, represented by rocks exposed near Badger Flat in the northwestern Inyo Mountains, at the western edge of the Great Basin in east-central California, failed by submarine gravity sliding twice during Silurian and Devonian time. Each time a major unconformity was developed between the surface exposed beneath the slides and the much younger rocks deposited after the slope failures. The first slope-failure event took place between the late Early Silurian and the end of the Late Silurian when much of the upper member of the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian Ely Springs Dolomite was detached and displaced as a coherent slab ???1 km down slope. The second event occurred in the Middle Devonian when rocks of the Ely Springs Dolomite were again detached, this time forming a rockslide that traveled about 10km down slope to the northwest where it was deposited as a chaotic breccia >250m thick. These events took place as the region was undergoing substantial geomorphic change. The first detachment resulted from an abrupt steepening of the slope, an event previously recognized as having occurred all along the continental margin from eastern California to central Idaho. The second event probably was triggered by a pronounced drop in sea level on the already rather steep slope. At least one similar detachment resulting in an unconformity has been recognized along the middle Paleozoic margin in central Nevada. Recognition of these slope-failure events in an area of unusually complete exposure of middle Paleozoic slope deposits provides an excellent example of a mechanism other than submarine erosion or nondeposition to explain the development of unconformities in ancient slope sequences.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Stratigraphy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00262803","usgsCitation":"Stevens, C., and Stone, P., 2006, Submarine gravity slides on the Paleozoic continental slope at the western edge of the Great Basin, east-cental California: A mechanism for development of unconformities in slope environments: Stratigraphy, v. 3, no. 2, p. 139-149.","startPage":"139","endPage":"149","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236257,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d25e4b08c986b31d680","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, C.H.","contributorId":16102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"C.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, P.","contributorId":93632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028863,"text":"70028863 - 2006 - Comparison of the effects and performance of four types of radiotransmitters for use with scoters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-13T12:00:34","indexId":"70028863","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of the effects and performance of four types of radiotransmitters for use with scoters","docAbstract":"<p>Radiotransmitters are widely used in wildlife ecology, often providing data that cannot be collected using other methods. However, negative effects have been associated with the use of transmitters for some species. We evaluated the effects and performance of 4 radiotransmitter types for use with surf and white-winged scoters (Melanitta perspicillata and M. fusca): COEXT-coelomically implanted transmitters with external antennas, COINT-coelomically implanted transmitters with internal antennas, SUBCU-subcutaneous implants with external antennas, and PRONG-external mounts, attached by a subcutaneous anchor and glue, with external antennas. Survival was not related to radiotransmitter type during the immediate (14-d) post-release period when most deaths (8 of 12) occurred. Rates of signal disappearance (transmitters ceased to be detected in the study area) and transmitter shedding (transmitters recovered without sign of predation) were similar among types over 30- and 60-day intervals; however, higher proportions of dorsally mounted radiotransmitters (SUBCU, PRONG) disappeared or were shed over course of the full 100-day monitoring period used in this study. All 4 radiotransmitter types allowed for relatively accurate location estimates, with linear error estimates (distance between actual and estimated location) averaging 2 months in duration and for satellite telemetry studies of scoters. However, SUBCU and PRONG are recommended as cost-effective alternatives in shorter-duration radiotelemetry studies.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[656:COTEAP]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Iverson, S.A., Boyd, W.S., Esler, D., Mulcahy, D., and Bowman, T.D., 2006, Comparison of the effects and performance of four types of radiotransmitters for use with scoters: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 34, no. 3, p. 656-663, https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[656:COTEAP]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"656","endPage":"663","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209876,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[656:COTEAP]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8abe4b0c8380cd4d1fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, S. A.","contributorId":22556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyd, W. S.","contributorId":49051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":420074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mulcahy, D.M.","contributorId":43302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bowman, Timothy D.","contributorId":80779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowman","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028844,"text":"70028844 - 2006 - Quantity-activity relationship of denitrifying bacteria and environmental scaling in streams of a forested watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:58","indexId":"70028844","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantity-activity relationship of denitrifying bacteria and environmental scaling in streams of a forested watershed","docAbstract":"The spatial variability of subreach denitrification rates in streams was evaluated with respect to controlling environmental conditions, molecular examination of denitrifying bacteria, and dimensional analysis. Denitrification activities ranged from 0 and 800 ng-N gsed-1 d-1 with large variations observed within short distances (<50 m) along stream reaches. A log-normal probability distribution described the range in denitrification activities and was used to define low (16% of the probability distributibn), medium (68%), and high (16%) denitrification potential groups. Denitrifying bacteria were quantified using a competitive polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) technique that amplified the nirK gene that encodes for nitrite reductase. Results showed a range of nirK quantities from 103 to 107 gene-copy-number gsed.-1 A nonparametric statistical test showed no significant difference in nirK quantifies among stream reaches, but revealed that samples with a high denitrification potential had significantly higher nirK quantities. Denitrification activity was positively correlated with nirK quantities with scatter in the data that can be attributed to varying environmental conditions along stream reaches. Dimensional analysis was used to evaluate denitrification activities according to environmental variables that describe fluid-flow properties, nitrate and organic material quantities, and dissolved oxygen flux. Buckingham's pi theorem was used to generate dimensionless groupings and field data were used to determine scaling parameters. The resulting expressions between dimensionless NO3- flux and dimensionless groupings of environmental variables showed consistent scaling, which indicates that the subreach variability in denitrification rates can be predicted by the controlling physical, chemical, and microbiological conditions. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2006JG000254","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"O’Connor, B., Hondzo, M., Dobraca, D., LaPara, T., Finlay, J., and Brezonik, P., 2006, Quantity-activity relationship of denitrifying bacteria and environmental scaling in streams of a forested watershed: Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences, v. 111, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JG000254.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477469,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jg000254","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":209642,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JG000254"},{"id":236306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a924ce4b0c8380cd80794","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Connor, B.L.","contributorId":24977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hondzo, Miki","contributorId":11816,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hondzo","given":"Miki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12693,"text":"Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering and St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, Minneapolis, MN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":419954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dobraca, D.","contributorId":99755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dobraca","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LaPara, T.M.","contributorId":24150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPara","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Finlay, J.A.","contributorId":98097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finlay","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brezonik, P.L.","contributorId":27001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brezonik","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70028704,"text":"70028704 - 2006 - Breeding ecology and nesting habitat associations of five marsh bird species in western New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:55","indexId":"70028704","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding ecology and nesting habitat associations of five marsh bird species in western New York","docAbstract":"Nesting habitats and nest success of five species of marsh birds were studied during 1997 and 1998 at the Iroquois National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) and the adjacent Oak Orchard and Tonawanda State Wildlife Management Areas (WMA) located in western New York. Nest searches located 18 American Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus), 117 Least Bittern (Ixobrychus exilis), 189 Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps), 23 Sora (Porzana carolina), and 72 Virginia Rail (Rallus limicola) nests. Average nest densities in 1998, our best nest searching year, ranged from 0.01/ha for Soras (N = 8) to 0.28/ha for Pied-billed Grebes (N = 160). Mayfield nest success estimates for Least Bittern were 80% (N = 16) in 1997 and 46% (N = 37) in 1998. Nest success estimates were 72% (N = 55) for Pied-billed Grebe, 43% (N = 6) for Sora, and 38% (N = 20) for Virginia Rail. Nests of all five species were located in ???70% emergent vegetation with a mean water depth of 24-56 cm and an average vegetation height that ranged from 69-133 cm. Logistic regression models were developed for each species using habitat variables at nest and random site locations. Each model was ranked with Akaike's Information Criterion for small sample size (AICc). In general, our best models indicated that increased emergent vegetation and horizontal cover with shallow water depths improved the odds of encountering marsh bird nests in the wetlands of western New York. We suggest that managing wetlands as a complex, at different stages of succession, would best benefit marsh bird species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[427:BEANHA]2.0.CO;2","issn":"15244695","usgsCitation":"Lor, S., and Malecki, R., 2006, Breeding ecology and nesting habitat associations of five marsh bird species in western New York: Waterbirds, v. 29, no. 4, p. 427-436, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[427:BEANHA]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"427","endPage":"436","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209765,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[427:BEANHA]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":236472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f26ce4b0c8380cd4b17e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lor, S.","contributorId":49495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lor","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malecki, R.A.","contributorId":70498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malecki","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028703,"text":"70028703 - 2006 - Shear velocity estimates on the inner shelf off Grays Harbor, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-27T10:52:35","indexId":"70028703","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shear velocity estimates on the inner shelf off Grays Harbor, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"Shear velocity was estimated from current measurements near the bottom off Grays Harbor, Washington between May 4 and June 6, 2001 under mostly wave-dominated conditions. A downward-looking pulse-coherent acoustic Doppler profiler (PCADP) and two acoustic-Doppler velocimeters (field version; ADVFs) were deployed on a tripod at 9-m water depth. Measurements from these instruments were used to estimate shear velocity with (1) a modified eddy-correlation (EC) technique, (2) the log-profile (LP) method, and (3) a dissipation-rate method. Although values produced by the three methods agreed reasonably well (within their broad ranges of uncertainty), there were important systematic differences. Estimates from the EC method were generally lowest, followed by those from the inertial-dissipation method. The LP method produced the highest values and the greatest scatter. We show that these results are consistent with boundary-layer theory when sediment-induced stratification is present. The EC method provides the most fundamental estimate of kinematic stress near the bottom, and stratification causes the LP method to overestimate bottom stress. These results remind us that the methods are not equivalent and that comparison among sites and with models should be made carefully. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2006.07.025","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Sherwood, C.R., Lacy, J., and Voulgaris, G., 2006, Shear velocity estimates on the inner shelf off Grays Harbor, Washington, USA: Continental Shelf Research, v. 26, no. 17-18, p. 1995-2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2006.07.025.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"1995","endPage":"2018","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Grays Harbor","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.5,\n              46.33\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.5,\n              46.33\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.5,\n              47.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.5,\n              47.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.5,\n              46.33\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"17-18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e57e4b08c986b31889f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherwood, C. R.","contributorId":48235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lacy, J.R.","contributorId":68508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacy","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voulgaris, G.","contributorId":73701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voulgaris","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":419345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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