We modeled yellow-billed loon (Gavia adamsii) habitat preferences in a 23,500 km2 area of northern Alaska using intensive aerial surveys and landscape-scale habitat descriptors. Of the 757 lakes censused, yellow-billed loons occupied 15% and Pacific loons (G. pacifica) 42%. Lake area, depth, proportion of shoreline in aquatic vegetation, shoreline complexity, hydrological connectivity (stream present within 100 m or absent), and an area–connectivity interaction were positive, significant predictors of yellow-billed loon presence in a multivariate logistic regression model, but distance to nearest river or Beaufort Sea coast were not. Predicted yellow-billed loon presence was 13 and 4.7 times more likely on deep and medium lakes, respectively, than on shallow lakes that freeze to the bottom. On small lakes (<60 ha), predicted yellow-billed loon presence was 4.8–1.7 times more likely on lakes with hydrological connectivity than without, but connectivity was not important at most lake sizes (65–750 ha). Yellow-billed loon broods depend on fish available in the brood-rearing lake, and we suggest that a dependable supply of fish is more likely in larger lakes, those deep enough to have open water under winter ice, and those near streams. Highly convoluted shorelines and those with aquatic vegetation provide loon nesting and brood-rearing sites, as well as fish habitat. Pacific loon absence was a significant, positive predictor when added to the habitat model, indicating that yellow-billed loons were four times more likely on lakes without Pacific loons.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-006-0042-2","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Earnst, S.L., Platte, R., and Bond, L., 2006, A landscape-scale model of yellow-billed loon (Gavia adamsii) habitat preferences in northern alaska: Hydrobiologia, v. 567, no. 1, p. 227-236, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0042-2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"236","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210075,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0042-2"}],"volume":"567","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e432e4b0c8380cd464b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Earnst, Susan L. susan_earnst@usgs.gov","contributorId":4446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earnst","given":"Susan","email":"susan_earnst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Platte, Robert","contributorId":105680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Platte","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bond, Laura","contributorId":89103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bond","given":"Laura","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028281,"text":"70028281 - 2006 - Determination of bromine, chlorine and iodine in environmental aqueous samples by epithermal neutron activation analysis and Compton suppression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028281","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2439,"text":"Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of bromine, chlorine and iodine in environmental aqueous samples by epithermal neutron activation analysis and Compton suppression","docAbstract":"Halides, particularly Br- and Cl-, have been used as indicators of potential sources of Na+ and Cl- in surface water and groundwater with limited success. Contamination of groundwater and surface water by Na+ and Cl- is a common occurrence in growing urban areas and adversely affects municipal and private water supplies in Illinois and other states, as well as vegetation in environmentally sensitive areas. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) can be effectively used to determine these halogens, but often the elevated concentrations of sodium and chlorine in water samples can give rise to very high detection limits for bromine and iodine due to elevated backgrounds from the activation process. We present a detailed analytical scheme to determine Cl, Br and I in aqueous samples with widely varying Na and Cl concentrations using epithermal NAA in conjunction with Compton suppression. ?? 2006 Akade??miai Kiado??.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10967-006-0288-1","issn":"02365731","usgsCitation":"Landsberger, S., O’Kelly, D.J., Braisted, J., and Panno, S., 2006, Determination of bromine, chlorine and iodine in environmental aqueous samples by epithermal neutron activation analysis and Compton suppression: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, v. 269, no. 3, p. 697-702, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-006-0288-1.","startPage":"697","endPage":"702","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210050,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-006-0288-1"},{"id":236850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"269","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff98e4b0c8380cd4f299","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landsberger, S.","contributorId":105900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landsberger","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Kelly, D. J.","contributorId":81686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Kelly","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Braisted, J.","contributorId":47960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braisted","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Panno, S.","contributorId":42016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panno","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028143,"text":"70028143 - 2006 - Atmospheric mercury speciation in Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:17:23","indexId":"70028143","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atmospheric mercury speciation in Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"Atmospheric concentrations of elemental mercury (Hg0), reactive gaseous Hg (RGM), and particulate Hg (pHg) concentrations were measured in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), U.S.A. using high resolution, real time atmospheric mercury analyzers (Tekran 2537A, 1130, and 1135). A survey of Hg0 concentrations at various locations within YNP showed that concentrations generally reflect global background concentrations of 1.5–2.0 ng m− 3, but a few specific locations associated with concentrated geothermal activity showed distinctly elevated Hg0 concentrations (about 9.0 ng m− 3). At the site of intensive study located centrally in YNP (Canyon Village), Hg0 concentrations did not exceed 2.5 ng m− 3; concentrations of RGM were generally below detection limits of 0.88 pg m− 3 and never exceeded 5 pg m− 3. Concentrations of pHg ranged from below detection limits to close to 30 pg m−3. RGM and pHg concentrations were not correlated with any criteria gases (SO2, NOx, O3); however pHg was weakly correlated with the concentration of atmospheric particles. We investigated three likely sources of Hg at the intensive monitoring site: numerous geothermal features scattered throughout YNP, re-suspended soils, and wildfires near or in YNP. We examined relationships between the chemical properties of aerosols (as measured using real time, single particle mass spectrometry; aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer; ATOFMS) and concentrations of atmospheric pHg. Based on the presence of particles with distinct chemical signatures of the wildfires, and the absence of signatures associated with the other sources, we concluded that wildfires in the park were the main source of aerosols and associated pHg to our sampling site.
We collected lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis off Alpena and Tawas City, Michigan, USA in Lake Huron and off Muskegon, Michigan USA in Lake Michigan during 2002–2004. We determined energy density and percent dry weight for lake whitefish from both lakes and lipid content for Lake Michigan fish. Energy density increased with increasing fish weight up to 800 g, and then remained relatively constant with further increases in fish weight. Energy density, adjusted for weight, was lower in Lake Huron than in Lake Michigan for both small (≤800 g) and large fish (>800 g). Energy density did not differ seasonally for small or large lake whitefish or between adult male and female fish. Energy density was strongly correlated with percent dry weight and percent lipid content. Based on data from commercially caught lake whitefish, body condition was lower in Lake Huron than Lake Michigan during 1981–2003, indicating that the dissimilarity in body condition between the lakes could be long standing. Energy density and lipid content in 2002–2004 in Lake Michigan were lower than data for comparable sized fish collected in 1969–1971. Differences in energy density between lakes were attributed to variation in diet and prey energy content as well as factors that affect feeding rates such as lake whitefish density and prey abundance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10641-006-9017-4","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Pothoven, S., Nalepa, T., Madenjian, C., Rediske, R., Schneeberger, P., and He, J., 2006, Energy density of lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis in Lakes Huron and Michigan: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 76, no. 2-4, p. 151-158, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-006-9017-4.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"158","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":210045,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-006-9017-4"},{"id":236845,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0948e4b0c8380cd51e5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pothoven, S.A.","contributorId":52778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pothoven","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nalepa, T.F.","contributorId":95438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nalepa","given":"T.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madenjian, C.P.","contributorId":64175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"C.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rediske, R.R.","contributorId":47148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rediske","given":"R.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schneeberger, P.J.","contributorId":74564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneeberger","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"He, J.X.","contributorId":7901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"J.X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028209,"text":"70028209 - 2006 - Green-tailed Towhee response to prescribed fire in montane shrubland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028209","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Green-tailed Towhee response to prescribed fire in montane shrubland","docAbstract":"Fire alters the structure and composition of shrublands and affects habitat quality for the associated avifauna. Because shrubland ecosystems have been greatly reduced from their original extent in western North America and fire is increasingly being used to manage these landscapes, a better understanding of how fire affects the associated vegetation and wildlife is imperative. We evaluated the response of Green-tailed Towhees (Pipilo chlorurus) to prescribed fire in the montane shrublands of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado during 2002 and 2003. Three to five years following prescribed burning, Green-tailed Towhee density and shrub cover were generally higher in unburned areas. Nests (n = 179) were located in unburned vegetation; within burned sites, all nests were in remnant patches. Green-tailed Towhee nest survival was 57% (95% CI = 49%-65%) across the two years of the study. More than half of the nests were in common juniper (Juniperus communis) shrubs, and nest survival was higher for nests in junipers than those in other shrub species. Daily nest survival rates were lower at the site with the highest density of towhees and declined over the breeding season. With regard to shrub cover, opposite trends were observed for nest-site selection and nest survival: nest plots had greater shrub cover than non-nest plots, but nest survival decreased with increasing shrub cover. Because shrub cover affects towhee density and nest survival in conflicting ways, fire management at Rocky Mountain National Park alters both habitat availability and suitability for Green-tailed Towhees. ?? The Cooper Ornithological Society 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Jehle, G., Savidge, J.A., and Kotliar, N., 2006, Green-tailed Towhee response to prescribed fire in montane shrubland: Condor, v. 108, no. 3, p. 634-646.","startPage":"634","endPage":"646","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a6ae4b0c8380cd5b15e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jehle, G.","contributorId":27414,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jehle","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savidge, J. A.","contributorId":36078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savidge","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kotliar, N.B.","contributorId":7649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kotliar","given":"N.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028337,"text":"70028337 - 2006 - Dietary exposure of largemouth bass to OCPs changes expression of genes important for reproduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70028337","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dietary exposure of largemouth bass to OCPs changes expression of genes important for reproduction","docAbstract":"Dieldrin and p,p???-DDE are ubiquitous contaminants known to act as endocrine disruptors, causing impaired development and reproduction in fish and wildlife. In order to elucidate the mechanisms by which dieldrin and p,p???-DDE cause endocrine disruption in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), fish were exposed subchronically through the diet to both contaminants. Following 120 days of exposure, p,p???-DDE decreased estradiol in females, but increased 11-ketotestosterone in both sexes. Dieldrin on the other hand, decreased estradiol and 11-ketotestosterone in both sexes. Both pesticides also altered steady state mRNA expression levels of a set of genes chosen to represent three possible mechanisms of endocrine disruption: (1) direct interaction with soluble sex steroid receptors, (2) biosynthesis of endogenous sex hormones, and (3) metabolism of endogenous hormones. p,p???-DDE acted as a weak estrogen, increasing the expression of vitellogenin and estrogen receptor ?? in the liver. p,p???-DDE also altered the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of endogenous hormones as well as their metabolism. Dieldrin, on the other hand, only altered expression of vitellogenin and not estrogen receptor ??. Dieldrin also altered the expression of genes involved in hormone synthesis and metabolism, and it dramatically lowered plasma hormone levels. Both pesticides targeted expression of genes involved in all three modes of action, suggesting that they each have multiple modes of action. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.05.003","issn":"0166445X","usgsCitation":"Garcia-Reyero, N., Barber, D., Gross, T., Johnson, K., Sepulveda, M.S., Szabo, N., and Denslow, N., 2006, Dietary exposure of largemouth bass to OCPs changes expression of genes important for reproduction: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 78, no. 4, p. 358-369, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.05.003.","startPage":"358","endPage":"369","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477523,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1892580","text":"External Repository"},{"id":210348,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.05.003"},{"id":237242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00dee4b0c8380cd4f975","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia-Reyero, Natalia","contributorId":43961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia-Reyero","given":"Natalia","affiliations":[{"id":26924,"text":"USArmy Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":417584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, D.S.","contributorId":34710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gross, T. S.","contributorId":95828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"T. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, K. G.","contributorId":29381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sepulveda, M. S.","contributorId":99918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Szabo, N.J.","contributorId":80871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Denslow, N. D.","contributorId":101606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Denslow","given":"N. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70028094,"text":"70028094 - 2006 - Nest success of mountain plovers relative to anthropogenic edges in eastern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028094","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest success of mountain plovers relative to anthropogenic edges in eastern Colorado","docAbstract":"We monitored nest success of mountain plovers (Charadrius montanus) relative to distance from the nearest anthropogenic edges, such as fence lines, roads, and perimeters of crop fields, in 2003 and 2004. We located and observed 163 mountain plover nests in eastern Colorado (USA). At least one egg hatched in 81 of 163 nests. Successful nests occurred at a mean distance of 93.94 m ?? 8.87 SE, whereas unsuccessful nests were located 84.39 m ?? 8.95 SE from the nearest edge. Based on our model selection criteria (AIC c), nests farther from edges were not necessarily more successful than those closer to edges. The logistic regression coefficient for edge effects (0.13 ?? 0.12 SE) suggests that nests farther from edges are more successful. However, the standard error for the edge coefficient was large and the 95% confidence interval (-0.08, 0.35) encompassed zero, suggesting nest success was independent of distance from an anthropomorphic edge. We conclude that phenomena determining nest success of mountain plovers cannot be attributed to the single factor of anthropogenic edges in this fragmented landscape.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[191:NSOMPR]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00384909","usgsCitation":"Mettenbrink, C., Dreitz, V., and Knopf, F., 2006, Nest success of mountain plovers relative to anthropogenic edges in eastern Colorado: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 51, no. 2, p. 191-196, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[191:NSOMPR]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"191","endPage":"196","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488101,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[191:nsompr]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":210228,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[191:NSOMPR]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":237087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6487e4b0c8380cd729f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mettenbrink, C.W.","contributorId":40866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mettenbrink","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dreitz, V.J.","contributorId":65432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreitz","given":"V.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knopf, F.L.","contributorId":26998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028206,"text":"70028206 - 2006 - Earthquake lights and the stress-activation of positive hole charge carriers in rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70028206","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3067,"text":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake lights and the stress-activation of positive hole charge carriers in rocks","docAbstract":"Earthquake-related luminous phenomena (also known as earthquake lights) may arise from (1) the stress-activation of positive hole (p-hole) charge carriers in igneous rocks and (2) the accumulation of high charge carrier concentrations at asperities in the crust where the stress rates increase very rapidly as an earthquake approaches. It is proposed that, when a critical charge carrier concentration is reached, the p-holes form a degenerated solid state plasma that can break out of the confined rock volume and propagate as a rapidly expanding charge cloud. Upon reaching the surface the charge cloud causes dielectric breakdown at the air-rock interface, i.e. corona discharges, accompanied by the emission of light and high frequency electromagnetic radiation. ?? 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics and Chemistry of the Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.pce.2006.02.003","issn":"14747065","usgsCitation":"St-Laurent, F., Derr, J., and Freund, F., 2006, Earthquake lights and the stress-activation of positive hole charge carriers in rocks: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, v. 31, no. 4-9, p. 305-312, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2006.02.003.","startPage":"305","endPage":"312","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210424,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2006.02.003"},{"id":237335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4-9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a04f5e4b0c8380cd50bb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"St-Laurent, F.","contributorId":82914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"St-Laurent","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Derr, J.S.","contributorId":37477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derr","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Freund, F.T.","contributorId":77725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freund","given":"F.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028338,"text":"70028338 - 2006 - Breeding biology and success of a reintroduced population of the critically endangered Puaiohi (Myadestes palmeri)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T13:00:26","indexId":"70028338","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding biology and success of a reintroduced population of the critically endangered Puaiohi (Myadestes palmeri)","docAbstract":"The ultimate success of reintroduction programs for endangered species depends on the ability of reintroduced animals to breed in the wild. We studied the nesting success and breeding biology of a reintroduced population of Puaiohi (Myadestes palmeri) on the island of Kaua'i, Hawaii. Thirty-four captive-bred Puaiohi were released into the Alaka'i Swamp in 1999-2001 and monitored using radiotelemetry. Ten females and two males paired with wild and other released birds, including one polygynous trio. From March to September, 31 nests were built. Mean clutch size was 2.0 eggs, daily nest survival was 0.97 ± 0.01 (mean ± SE) and overall nest success was 0.40 ± 0.02. We confirmed predation, most probably by rats (Rattus spp.), as the greatest cause of nest failure, occurring at 38% of active nests with known fates, and causing the death of two nesting adult females. Ground-based rodent control proved ineffective at protecting nest attempts. Successful nests fledged an average of 1.4 young each (n = 10), and 85% of fledglings survived at least two weeks. Importantly, breeding behavior and success were comparable to those of wild Puaiohi. This is the first record of breeding in the wild from captive-bred endangered Hawaiian passerines. The ability of captive-bred Puaiohi to survive and breed successfully in the wild bodes well for future releases of this and other endangered passerines, but high predation rates on nests and nesting females highlights the importance of maintaining and restoring safe habitat for recovery.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[753:BBASOA]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Tweed, E., Foster, J., Woodworth, B., Monahan, W., Kellerman, J., and Lieberman, A., 2006, Breeding biology and success of a reintroduced population of the critically endangered Puaiohi (Myadestes palmeri): The Auk, v. 123, no. 3, p. 753-763, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[753:BBASOA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"753","endPage":"763","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477525,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[753:bbasoa]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f25de4b0c8380cd4b135","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tweed, E.J.","contributorId":35518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tweed","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foster, J.T.","contributorId":100502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodworth, B.L.","contributorId":88538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodworth","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monahan, W.B.","contributorId":59595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monahan","given":"W.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kellerman, J.L.","contributorId":82518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellerman","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lieberman, A.","contributorId":100102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lieberman","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70028261,"text":"70028261 - 2006 - Modeling the probability of arsenic in groundwater in New England as a tool for exposure assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028261","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the probability of arsenic in groundwater in New England as a tool for exposure assessment","docAbstract":"We developed a process-based model to predict the probability of arsenic exceeding 5 ??g/L in drinking water wells in New England bedrock aquifers. The model is being used for exposure assessment in an epidemiologic study of bladder cancer. One important study hypothesis that may explain increased bladder cancer risk is elevated concentrations of inorganic arsenic in drinking water. In eastern New England, 20-30% of private wells exceed the arsenic drinking water standard of 10 micrograms per liter. Our predictive model significantly improves the understanding of factors associated with arsenic contamination in New England. Specific rock types, high arsenic concentrations in stream sediments, geochemical factors related to areas of Pleistocene marine inundation and proximity to intrusive granitic plutons, and hydrologic and landscape variables relating to groundwater residence time increase the probability of arsenic occurrence in groundwater. Previous studies suggest that arsenic in bedrock groundwater may be partly from past arsenical pesticide use. Variables representing historic agricultural inputs do not improve the model, indicating that this source does not significantly contribute to current arsenic concentrations. Due to the complexity of the fractured bedrock aquifers in the region, well depth and related variables also are not significant predictors. ?? 2006 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es051972f","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Ayotte, J., Nolan, B.T., Nuckols, J., Cantor, K., Robinson, G., Baris, D., Hayes, L., Karagas, M., Bress, W., Silverman, D., and Lubin, J., 2006, Modeling the probability of arsenic in groundwater in New England as a tool for exposure assessment: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 11, p. 3578-3585, https://doi.org/10.1021/es051972f.","startPage":"3578","endPage":"3585","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210266,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es051972f"},{"id":237135,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c4de4b0c8380cd6fba6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayotte, J. D.","contributorId":96667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nolan, B. T.","contributorId":21565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":417283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nuckols, J.R.","contributorId":85385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuckols","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cantor, K.P.","contributorId":11401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cantor","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robinson, G.R. Jr. 0000-0002-9676-9564","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9676-9564","contributorId":6444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"G.R.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baris, D.","contributorId":68092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baris","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hayes, L.","contributorId":98938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Karagas, M.","contributorId":30428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karagas","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bress, W.","contributorId":100179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bress","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Silverman, D.T.","contributorId":104275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silverman","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lubin, J.H.","contributorId":14184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lubin","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70028260,"text":"70028260 - 2006 - River size and fish assemblages in southwestern South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T11:35:42","indexId":"70028260","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1859,"text":"Great Plains Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"River size and fish assemblages in southwestern South Dakota","docAbstract":"We studied relations between river size, fish species diversity, and fish species composition along four major rivers in the Great Plains of southwestern South Dakota to assess patterns of species diversity and composition. We expected diversity to increase with river size and fish composition to change via species addition downstream. Previous surveys of 52 sampling stations provided fish assemblage data, and we used the Geographic Information System (GIS) to determine watershed area by station. Watershed area did not predict species richness or species diversity (Fisher's ??), so species richness of 12 ?? 3.5 SD species and Fisher's ?? of 2.3 ?? 0.87 SD characterized species diversity in the study area. Cluster analysis of faunal similarity (S??rensen's Index) among the 52 sampling stations identified two geographically distinct faunal divisions, so species composition was variable within the study area, but changed via species replacements among faunas rather than species additions downstream. Nonnative species were a minor component of all faunas. Uniform species diversity may be a recent phenomenon caused by impacts of Missouri River dams on native large-river fishes and the unsuitability of rivers in the Great Plains for nonnative species. Variation in faunal composition may also be recent because it was affected by dams. ?? Copyright by the Center for Great Plains Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Great Plains Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10525165","usgsCitation":"Hoagstrom, C., Wall, S., Duehr, J., and Berry, C.R., 2006, River size and fish assemblages in southwestern South Dakota: Great Plains Research, v. 16, no. 2, p. 117-126.","startPage":"117","endPage":"126","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268120,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsresearch/845/"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aadb7e4b0c8380cd86f69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoagstrom, C.W.","contributorId":11400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoagstrom","given":"C.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wall, S.S.","contributorId":36721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wall","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duehr, J.P.","contributorId":86162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duehr","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berry, C. R. Jr.","contributorId":39167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028259,"text":"70028259 - 2006 - Bluff evolution along coastal drumlins: Boston Harbor Islands, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T10:57:10","indexId":"70028259","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bluff evolution along coastal drumlins: Boston Harbor Islands, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"A series of partially drowned drumlins forms the backbone of the inner islands within Boston Harbor. The shoreline of these rounded glacial deposits is composed of actively retreating bluffs formed by continual wave attack. Comparisons of bluffs reveal variability in their height and lateral extent, as well as in the dominant mechanism causing their retreat. Two processes are responsible for bluff erosion and yield distinct bluff morphologies: (1) wave attack undercuts the bluff and causes episodic slumping, yielding planar bluff slopes, and (2) subaerial processes such as rainfall create irregular slopes characterized by rills and gullies. We propose a model of drumlin bluff evolution that is based on processes of erosion and physical characteristics such as bluff height, slope morphology, and the orientation of the bluff with respect to the long axis of the drumlin and its topographic crest. The four phases of drumlin bluff evolution consist of (1) initial formation of bluff, with retreat dominated by wave notching and slumping processes; (2) rill and gully development as bluff heights exceed 10 m and slumped sediment at bluff base inhibits wave attack; (3) return of wave notching and slumping as bluff heights decrease; and (4) final development of boulder retreat lag as last remnants of drumlin are eroded by wave action. These phases capture the important physical processes of drumlin evolution in Boston Harbor and could apply to other eroding coastal drumlin deposits.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2112/06A-0005.1","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Himmelstoss, E., FitzGerald, D.M., Rosen, P., and Allen, J., 2006, Bluff evolution along coastal drumlins: Boston Harbor Islands, Massachusetts: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 22, no. 5, p. 1230-1240, https://doi.org/10.2112/06A-0005.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1230","endPage":"1240","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237097,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Boston Harbor Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.0324478149414,\n 42.32403179535469\n ],\n [\n -71.02180480957031,\n 42.28797686534489\n ],\n [\n -70.93425750732422,\n 42.25977870328815\n ],\n [\n -70.83503723144531,\n 42.27349830394709\n ],\n [\n -70.85220336914062,\n 42.33113878082107\n ],\n [\n -70.87898254394531,\n 42.363110278811256\n ],\n [\n -71.0324478149414,\n 42.32403179535469\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1efe4b0c8380cd4aee5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Himmelstoss, E. A.","contributorId":74567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Himmelstoss","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"FitzGerald, D. M.","contributorId":55038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"FitzGerald","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosen, P.S.","contributorId":100539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, J.R.","contributorId":16955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028150,"text":"70028150 - 2006 - Landscape attributes and life history variability shape genetic structure of trout populations in a stream network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T14:38:01","indexId":"70028150","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape attributes and life history variability shape genetic structure of trout populations in a stream network","docAbstract":"Spatial and temporal landscape patterns have long been recognized to influence biological processes, but these processes often operate at scales that are difficult to study by conventional means. Inferences from genetic markers can overcome some of these limitations. We used a landscape genetics approach to test hypotheses concerning landscape processes influencing the demography of Lahontan cutthroat trout in a complex stream network in the Great Basin desert of the western US. Predictions were tested with population- and individual-based analyses of microsatellite DNA variation, reflecting patterns of dispersal, population stability, and local effective population sizes. Complementary genetic inferences suggested samples from migratory corridors housed a mixture of fish from tributaries, as predicted based on assumed migratory life histories in those habitats. Also as predicted, populations presumed to have greater proportions of migratory fish or from physically connected, large, or high quality habitats had higher genetic variability and reduced genetic differentiation from other populations. Populations thought to contain largely non-migratory individuals generally showed the opposite pattern, suggesting behavioral isolation. Estimated effective sizes were small, and we identified significant and severe genetic bottlenecks in several populations that were isolated, recently founded, or that inhabit streams that desiccate frequently. Overall, this work suggested that Lahontan cutthroat trout populations in stream networks are affected by a combination of landscape and metapopulation processes. Results also demonstrated that genetic patterns can reveal unexpected processes, even within a system that is well studied from a conventional ecological perspective. ?? Springer 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10980-005-5221-4","issn":"09212973","usgsCitation":"Neville, H., Dunham, J., and Peacock, M., 2006, Landscape attributes and life history variability shape genetic structure of trout populations in a stream network: Landscape Ecology, v. 21, no. 6, p. 901-916, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-005-5221-4.","startPage":"901","endPage":"916","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210150,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-005-5221-4"}],"volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a43fde4b0c8380cd66766","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neville, H.M.","contributorId":79836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neville","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunham, J. B. 0000-0002-6268-0633","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":96637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peacock, M.M.","contributorId":43155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peacock","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028258,"text":"70028258 - 2006 - Devils Hole, Nevada, δ18O record extended to the mid-Holocene","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-20T11:27:40","indexId":"70028258","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Devils Hole, Nevada, δ18O record extended to the mid-Holocene","docAbstract":"The mid-to-late Pleistocene Devils Hole δ18O record has been extended from 60,000 to 4500 yr ago. The new δ18O time series, in conjunction with the one previously published, is shown to be a proxy of Pacific Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) off the coast of California. During marine oxygen isotope stages (MIS) 2 and 6, the Devil Hole and SST time series exhibit a steady warming that began 5000 to > 10,000 yr prior to the last and penultimate deglaciations. Several possible proximate causes for this early warming are evaluated. The magnitude of the peak δ18O or SST during the last interglacial (LIG) is significantly greater (1 per mill and 2 to 3°C, respectively) than the peak value of these parameters for the Holocene; in contrast, benthic δ18O records of ice volume show only a few tenths per mill difference in the peak value for these interglacials. Statistical analysis provides an estimate of the large shared information (variation) between the Devils Hole and Eastern Pacific SST time series from ∼ 41 to ∼ 2°N and enforces the concept of a common forcing among all of these records. The extended Devils Hole record adds to evidence of the importance of uplands bordering the eastern Pacific as a source of archives for reconstructing Pacific climate variability.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2006.06.003","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Winograd, I.J., Landwehr, J.M., Coplen, T.B., Sharp, W.D., Riggs, A.C., Ludwig, K.R., and Kolesar, P.T., 2006, Devils Hole, Nevada, δ18O record extended to the mid-Holocene: Quaternary Research, v. 66, no. 2, p. 202-212, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2006.06.003.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"202","endPage":"212","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210208,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2006.06.003"}],"volume":"66","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a008be4b0c8380cd4f7af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winograd, Isaac J. ijwinogr@usgs.gov","contributorId":4643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winograd","given":"Isaac","email":"ijwinogr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landwehr, Jurate M. jmlandwe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landwehr","given":"Jurate","email":"jmlandwe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":417268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sharp, Warren D.","contributorId":72272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Riggs, Alan C. ariggs@usgs.gov","contributorId":149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riggs","given":"Alan","email":"ariggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":417269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ludwig, Kenneth R.","contributorId":63417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kolesar, Peter T.","contributorId":32296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolesar","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70028151,"text":"70028151 - 2006 - Transition to independence by subadult beavers (Castor canadensis) in an unexploited, exponentially growing population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028151","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2515,"text":"Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transition to independence by subadult beavers (Castor canadensis) in an unexploited, exponentially growing population","docAbstract":"We conducted a 4-year study of beavers Castor canadensis to compare the movements, survival and habitat of adults established in existing colonies to juveniles dispersing to new sites in a region with high beaver densities along a suburban-rural gradient. Estimates of annual survival were high for adult and juvenile beavers. Of nine known mortalities, seven (78%) were juveniles. Mortalities occurred during spring-summer, and none during fall-winter. There was a trend toward higher-to-lower survival along the suburban-rural gradient, respectively. Human-induced mortality (e.g. trapping and shooting) was higher in rural areas, whereas nonhuman-induced mortality (e.g. disease, accidents) was higher in suburban areas. Fifteen (14 subadults and one adult) beavers moved from natal colonies to other areas. The average dispersal distance for subadults was 4.5 km (SE = 1.0) along streams or rivers, or 3.5 km (SE = 0.7) straight-line point-to-point. Most dispersal movements were made in spring (April-June). In two cases, individual subadults made return movements from their dispersal sites back to their natal colonies. Dispersal sites tended to be in smaller, shallower wetlands or streams and in areas with higher overstorey canopy closure compared with natal colonies. Woody vegetation usually preferred by beavers for food tended to be less common at dispersal sites than at natal colonies. In regions with high densities of beaver, dispersing juveniles are likely to attempt to colonize lower quality sites. High densities of beavers also lead to more human-beaver conflicts and, in Massachusetts, the pest control management options in place during the past decade have been ineffectual at controlling population levels. Alternately, in regions with no beavers or very low densities and where reintroductions are being attempted, the landscape matrix surrounding release sites should include suitable sites for dispersing young to establish colonies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Zoology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00160.x","issn":"09528369","usgsCitation":"DeStefano, S., Koenen, K.K., Henner, C., and Strules, J., 2006, Transition to independence by subadult beavers (Castor canadensis) in an unexploited, exponentially growing population: Journal of Zoology, v. 269, no. 4, p. 434-441, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00160.x.","startPage":"434","endPage":"441","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210151,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00160.x"},{"id":236984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"269","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb711e4b08c986b32703f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeStefano, S.","contributorId":84309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koenen, Kiana K. G.","contributorId":34313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koenen","given":"Kiana","email":"","middleInitial":"K. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henner, C.M.","contributorId":88550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henner","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Strules, J.","contributorId":38349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strules","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70028256,"text":"70028256 - 2006 - Evaluating the relative contributions of hydroperiod and soil fertility on growth of south Florida mangroves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028256","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the relative contributions of hydroperiod and soil fertility on growth of south Florida mangroves","docAbstract":"Low and high water periods create contrasting challenges for trees inhabiting periodically flooded wetlands. Low to moderate flood durations and frequencies may bring nutrient subsidies, while greater hydroperiods can be energetically stressful because of oxygen deficiency. We tested the hypothesis that hydroperiod affects the growth of mangrove seedlings and saplings in a greenhouse experiment by varying flood duration while keeping salinity and soil fertility constant. We measured the growth of mangrove trees along a hydroperiod gradient over a two-year period by tracking fine-scale diameter increment. Greenhouse growth studies indicated that under a full range of annual flood durations (0-8760 h/year), hydroperiod alone exerted a significant influence on growth for one species, Laguncularia racemosa, when flooding was imposed for two growing seasons. Field evaluations, on the other hand, indicated that increased flood duration may provide nutrient subsidies for tree growth. Diameter growth was related curvilinearly to site hydroperiod, including flood duration and frequency, as well as to salinity and soil fertility. An analysis of soil physico-chemical parameters suggests that phosphorus fertility, which was also linked directly to hydroperiod, is likely to influence growth on south Florida mangrove sites. The physical removal of phosphorus by greater flood frequencies from upland sources and/or addition of phosphorus from tidal flooding balanced against increased soil aeration and reduced water deficits may be an extremely important growth determinant for south Florida mangroves. ?? Springer 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10750-006-0139-7","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Krauss, K., Doyle, T., Twilley, R., Rivera-Monroy, V., and Sullivan, J., 2006, Evaluating the relative contributions of hydroperiod and soil fertility on growth of south Florida mangroves: Hydrobiologia, v. 569, no. 1, p. 311-324, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0139-7.","startPage":"311","endPage":"324","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210184,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0139-7"},{"id":237026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"569","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bfee4b0c8380cd529b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krauss, K. W. 0000-0003-2195-0729","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":19517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"K. W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doyle, T.W. 0000-0001-5754-0671","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-0671","contributorId":16783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"T.W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Twilley, R.R.","contributorId":94647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twilley","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rivera-Monroy, V. H.","contributorId":83243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rivera-Monroy","given":"V. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sullivan, J.K.","contributorId":68953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028255,"text":"70028255 - 2006 - Attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy of plant leaves: A tool for ecological and botanical studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028255","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2863,"text":"New Phytologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy of plant leaves: A tool for ecological and botanical studies","docAbstract":"??? Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectra of plant leaves display complex absorption features related to organic constituents of leaf surfaces. The spectra can be recorded rapidly, both in the field and in the laboratory, without special sample preparation. ??? This paper explores sources of ATR spectral variation in leaves, including compositional, positional and temporal variations. Interspecific variations are also examined, including the use of ATR spectra as a tool for species identification. ??? Positional spectral variations generally reflected the abundance of cutin and the epicuticular wax thickness and composition. For example, leaves exposed to full sunlight commonly showed more prominent cutin- and wax-related absorption features compared with shaded leaves. Adaxial vs. abaxial leaf surfaces displayed spectral variations reflecting differences in trichome abundance and wax composition. Mature vs. young leaves showed changes in absorption band position and intensity related to cutin, polysaccharide, and possibly amorphous silica development on and near the leaf surfaces. ??? Provided that similar samples are compared (e.g. adaxial surfaces of mature, sun-exposed leaves) same-species individuals display practically identical ATR spectra. Using spectral matching procedures to analyze an ATR database containing 117 individuals, including 32 different tree species, 83% of the individuals were correctly identified. ?? The Authors (2006).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"New Phytologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01823.x","issn":"0028646X","usgsCitation":"Ribeiro da Luz, B., 2006, Attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy of plant leaves: A tool for ecological and botanical studies: New Phytologist, v. 172, no. 2, p. 305-318, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01823.x.","startPage":"305","endPage":"318","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487560,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01823.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":210183,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01823.x"},{"id":237025,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"172","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eed1e4b0c8380cd49fae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ribeiro da Luz, B.","contributorId":28423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribeiro da Luz","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028152,"text":"70028152 - 2006 - Northern goshawk diet during the nesting season in southeast Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T14:31:27","indexId":"70028152","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Northern goshawk diet during the nesting season in southeast Alaska","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1151:NGDDTN]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Lewis, S., Titus, K., and Fuller, M., 2006, Northern goshawk diet during the nesting season in southeast Alaska: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 4, p. 1151-1160, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1151:NGDDTN]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1151","endPage":"1160","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210176,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1151:NGDDTN]2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"70","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a683de4b0c8380cd736c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, S.B.","contributorId":88701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Titus, K.","contributorId":93865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, M.R.","contributorId":71278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028153,"text":"70028153 - 2006 - Firm size diversity, functional richness, and resilience","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-12T12:18:39","indexId":"70028153","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1524,"text":"Environment and Development Economics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Firm size diversity, functional richness, and resilience","docAbstract":"This paper applies recent advances in ecology to our understanding of firm development, sustainability, and economic development. The ecological literature indicates that the greater the functional richness of species in a system, the greater its resilience - that is, its ability to persist in the face of substantial changes in the environment. This paper focuses on the effects of functional richness across firm size on the ability of industries to survive in the face of economic change. Our results indicate that industries with a richness of industrial functions are more resilient to employment volatility. ?? 2006 Cambridge University Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environment and Development Economics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1017/S1355770X06003081","issn":"1355770X","usgsCitation":"Garmestani, A., Allen, C.R., Mittelstaedt, J., Stow, C., and Ward, W., 2006, Firm size diversity, functional richness, and resilience: Environment and Development Economics, v. 11, no. 4, p. 533-551, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X06003081.","startPage":"533","endPage":"551","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210177,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X06003081"},{"id":237019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a104de4b0c8380cd53bf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garmestani, A.S.","contributorId":86882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garmestani","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mittelstaedt, J.D.","contributorId":22133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mittelstaedt","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stow, C.A.","contributorId":99935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stow","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ward, W.A.","contributorId":88139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028154,"text":"70028154 - 2006 - Intensity of quartz cathodoluminescence and trace-element content in quartz from the porphyry copper deposit at Butte, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028154","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intensity of quartz cathodoluminescence and trace-element content in quartz from the porphyry copper deposit at Butte, Montana","docAbstract":"Textures of hydrothermal quartz revealed by cathodoluminescence using a scanning electron microscope (SEM-CL) reflect the physical and chemical environment of quartz formation. Variations in intensity of SEM-CL can be used to distinguish among quartz from superimposed mineralization events in a single vein. In this study, we present a technique to quantify the cathodoluminescent intensity of quartz within individual and among multiple samples to relate luminescence intensity to specific mineralizing events. This technique has been applied to plutonic quartz and three generations of hydrothermal veins at the porphyry copper deposit in Butte, Montana. Analyzed veins include early quartz-molybdenite veins with potassic alteration, pyrite-quartz veins with sericitic alteration, and Main Stage veins with intense sericitic alteration. CL intensity of quartz is diagnostic of each mineralizing event and can be used to fingerprint quartz and its fluid inclusions, isotopes, trace elements, etc., from specific mineralizing episodes. Furthermore, CL intensity increases proportional to temperature of quartz formation, such that plutonic quartz from the Butte quartz monzonite (BQM) that crystallized at temperatures near 750 ??C luminesces with the highest intensity, whereas quartz that precipitated at ???250 ??C in Main Stage veins luminesces with the least intensity. Trace-element analyses via electron microprobe and laser ablation-ICP-MS indicate that plutonic quartz and each generation of hydrothermal quartz from Butte is dominated by characteristic trace amounts of Al, P, Ti, and Fe. Thus, in addition to CL intensity, each generation of quartz can be distinguished based on its unique trace-element content. Aluminum is generally the most abundant element in all generations of quartz, typically between 50 and 200 ppm, but low-temperature, Main Stage quartz containing 400 to 3600 ppm Al is enriched by an order of magnitude relative to all other quartz generations. Phosphorous is present in abundances between 25 and 75 ppm, and P concentrations in quartz show little variation among quartz generations. Iron is the least abundant of these elements in most quartz types and is slightly enriched in CL-dark quartz in pyrite-quartz veins with sericitic alteration. Titanium is directly correlated with both temperature of quartz precipitation, and intensity of quartz luminescence, such that BQM quartz contains hundreds of ppm Ti, whereas Main Stage quartz contains less than 10 ppm Ti. Our results suggest that Ti concentration in quartz is controlled by temperature of quartz precipitation and that increased Ti concentrations in quartz may be responsible for increased CL intensities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2138/am.2006.1984","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Rusk, B., Reed, M., Dilles, J., and Kent, A., 2006, Intensity of quartz cathodoluminescence and trace-element content in quartz from the porphyry copper deposit at Butte, Montana: American Mineralogist, v. 91, no. 8-9, p. 1300-1312, https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2006.1984.","startPage":"1300","endPage":"1312","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237020,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210178,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am.2006.1984"}],"volume":"91","issue":"8-9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c9ae4b0c8380cd62ea1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rusk, B.G.","contributorId":48667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rusk","given":"B.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, M.H.","contributorId":91606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dilles, J.H.","contributorId":25310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dilles","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kent, A.J.R.","contributorId":76123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"A.J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}