{"pageNumber":"25","pageRowStart":"600","pageSize":"25","recordCount":676,"records":[{"id":70188923,"text":"70188923 - 1996 - Inexpensive, easy-to-construct suction coring devices usable from small boats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-08T12:29:15","indexId":"70188923","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inexpensive, easy-to-construct suction coring devices usable from small boats","docAbstract":"<p><span>Collection of sediment cores in depths of 1-5 m is difficult with traditional sampling gear. Here we describe three suction coring devices constructed with readily available plumbing supplies and parts easily made from acrylic plastic and silicone sealant. The samplers have been used successfully in sediments ranging from coarse sands and shell hash to muds, highly organic deposits, and dense clays. Successful applications have ranged from contaminants analysis, toxicity testing, seagrass mapping, and assessment of sediment-microfloral interactions to sampling the infauna of surf-swept beaches.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.1306/D4268487-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Onuf, C.P., Chapman, D., and Rizzo, W.M., 1996, Inexpensive, easy-to-construct suction coring devices usable from small boats: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 66, no. 5, p. 1031-1032, https://doi.org/10.1306/D4268487-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1031","endPage":"1032","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343014,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536eebe4b062508e3c7b48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Onuf, Christopher P.","contributorId":55091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Onuf","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":701291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapman, Duane 0000-0002-1086-8853 dchapman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-8853","contributorId":1291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Duane","email":"dchapman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":701292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rizzo, William M.","contributorId":193670,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rizzo","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":22848,"text":"ofr95654 - 1996 - Exploratory analysis of environmental interactions in central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-15T17:28:14","indexId":"ofr95654","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-654","title":"Exploratory analysis of environmental interactions in central California","docAbstract":"As part of its global change research program, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) has produced raster data that describe the land cover of the United States using a consistent format. The data consist of elevations, satellite measurements, computed vegetation indices, land cover classes, and ancillary political, topographic and hydrographic information. This open-file report uses some of these data to explore the environment of a (256-km)? region of central California. We present various visualizations of the data, multiscale correlations between topography and vegetation, a path analysis of more complex statistical interactions, and a map that portrays the influence of agriculture on the region's vegetation. An appendix contains C and Mathematica code used to generate the graphics and some of the analysis.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95654","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"De Cola, L., and Falcone, N.L., 1996, Exploratory analysis of environmental interactions in central California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-654, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95654.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1309,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0654/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f1204","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De Cola, Lee","contributorId":59821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Cola","given":"Lee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Falcone, Neil L.","contributorId":71204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falcone","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018584,"text":"70018584 - 1996 - Influence of stretching and density contrasts on the chemical evolution of continental magmas: An example from the Ivrea-Verbano Zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-22T16:10:55.919698","indexId":"70018584","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of stretching and density contrasts on the chemical evolution of continental magmas: An example from the Ivrea-Verbano Zone","docAbstract":"<p><span>The southern Ivrea-Verbano Zone of the Italian Western Alps contains a huge mafic complex that intruded high-grade metamorphic rocks while they were resident in the lower crust. Geologic mapping and chemical variations of the igneous body were used to study the evolution of underplated crust. Slivers of crustal rocks (septa) interlayered with igneous mafic rocks are concentrated in a narrow zone deep in the complex (Paragneiss-bearing Belt) and show evidence of advanced degrees of partial melting. Variations of rare-earth-element patterns and Sr isotope composition of the igneous rocks across the sequence are consistent with increasing crustal contamination approaching the septa. Therefore, the Paragneiss-bearing Belt is considered representative of an “assimilation region” where in-situ interaction between mantle- and crust-derived magmas resulted in production of hybrid melts. Buoyancy caused upwards migration of the hybrid melts that incorporated the last septa and were stored at higher levels, feeding the Upper Mafic Complex. Synmagmatic stretching of the assimilation region facilitated mixing and homogenization of melts. Chemical variations of granitoids extracted from the septa show that deep septa are more depleted than shallow ones. This suggests that the first incorporated septa were denser than the later ones, as required by the high density of the first-injected mafic magmas. It is inferred that density contrasts between mafic melts and crustal rocks play a crucial role for the processes of contamination of continental magmas. In thick under plated crust, the extraction of early felsic/hybrid melts from the lower crust may be required to increase the density of the lower crust and to allow the later mafic magmas to penetrate higher crustal levels.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s004100050153","usgsCitation":"Sinigoi, S., Quick, J.E., Mayer, A., and Budahn, J., 1996, Influence of stretching and density contrasts on the chemical evolution of continental magmas: An example from the Ivrea-Verbano Zone: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 123, no. 3, p. 238-250, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004100050153.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"238","endPage":"250","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227169,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b7fe4b0c8380cd625ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sinigoi, S.","contributorId":77245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinigoi","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quick, J. E.","contributorId":48563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quick","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mayer, A.","contributorId":96780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Budahn, J. 0000-0001-9794-8882","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":33034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70202459,"text":"70202459 - 1996 - Design and documentation of a Baltimore-Washington regional spatial database testbed for environmental model calibration and verification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-28T15:11:31","indexId":"70202459","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T11:33:56","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Design and documentation of a Baltimore-Washington regional spatial database testbed for environmental model calibration and verification","docAbstract":"<p>Recent efforts by scientists and managers to inventory, map, and model impacts of human activities on the environment have focused on land transformation and urbanization processes. To test the efficacy of any single model, algorithm or procedure which defines land transformation processes a standard database calibration reference resource is required. Therefore, a set of georeferenced, spatially structured and well documented data sets has been designed for the Baltimore-Washington Region as a test and evaluation resource for the community of environmental modelers and global change scientists.</p><p><br>Land transformation processes are being examined from a variety of perspectives and scales using a variety of indicator parameters and mensuration variables. Tools and techniques applied to land transformation assessments range from creation of simple population expansion maps to change detection calculations using remotely sensed satellite data. A variety of point and cell growth models have been applied to simulate the land transformation phenomenon. These activities have demonstrated the reality that urbanization and land transformation processes involve complex interacting variables.</p><p><br>A team of scientists are expanding the efforts of the USGS Human Impacts on Land Transformation (HILT) project to build an Internet accessible \"collaboratory\" containing quality controlled spatially referenced calibration and validation databases. The Baltimore-Washington Regional Testbed provides for the calibration, verification, and validation for multiple scalar, temporal, thematic, and spectral assessments or models. This design and documentation procedures for creating the Baltimore-Washington Regional \"Collaboratory\" are presented in relation to its use for environmental modeling applications.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Integrating GIS and Environmental Modeling, International Conference/Workshop, 3rd, Santa Fe, N. Mex., 21–25 January 1996, Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Integrating GIS and Environmental Modeling, International Conference/Workshop, 3rd","conferenceDate":"January 21-25, 1996","conferenceLocation":"Santa Fe, New Mexico","language":"English","publisher":"National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis","usgsCitation":"Foresman, T.W., Wiggins, H., Porter, D., Masuoka, P., and Acevedo, W., 1996, Design and documentation of a Baltimore-Washington regional spatial database testbed for environmental model calibration and verification, <i>in</i> Integrating GIS and Environmental Modeling, International Conference/Workshop, 3rd, Santa Fe, N. Mex., 21–25 January 1996, Proceedings, Santa Fe, New Mexico, January 21-25, 1996, p. 249-259.","productDescription":"11 p.; CD-ROM","startPage":"249","endPage":"259","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361678,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":361677,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/43x094z3"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Baltimore-Washington Region","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foresman, Timothy W.","contributorId":213897,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foresman","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiggins, Helen","contributorId":104416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiggins","given":"Helen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34108,"text":"Arctic Research Consortium of the U.S. (ARCUS)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Porter, Dana","contributorId":189265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Porter","given":"Dana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Masuoka, Penny","contributorId":213913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Masuoka","given":"Penny","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Acevedo, William wacevedo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Acevedo","given":"William","email":"wacevedo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70018583,"text":"70018583 - 1996 - Scientific objectives of human exploration of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:26","indexId":"70018583","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":706,"text":"American Astronautical Society, Scientific Technology Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scientific objectives of human exploration of Mars","docAbstract":"While human exploration of Mars is unlikely to be undertaken for science reasons alone, science will be the main beneficiary. A wide range of science problems can be addressed at Mars. The planet formed in a different part of the solar system from the Earth and retains clues concerning compositional and environmental conditions in that part of the solar system when the planets formed. Mars has had a long and complex history that has involved almost as wide a range of processes as occurred on Earth. Elucidation of this history will require a comprehensive program of field mapping, geophysical sounding, in situ analyses, and return of samples to Earth that are representative of the planet's diversity. The origin and evolution of the Mars' atmosphere are very different from the Earth's, Mars having experienced major secular and cyclical changes in climate. Clues as to precisely how the atmosphere has evolved are embedded in its present chemistry, possibly in surface sinks of former atmosphere-forming volatiles, and in the various products of interaction between the atmosphere and surface. The present atmosphere also provides a means of testing general circulation models applicable to all planets. Although life is unlikely to be still extant on Mars, life may have started early in the planet's history. A major goal of any future exploration will, therefore, be to search for evidence of indigenous life.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Astronautical Society, Scientific Technology Series","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"02784017","usgsCitation":"Carr, M.H., 1996, Scientific objectives of human exploration of Mars: American Astronautical Society, Scientific Technology Series, v. 86, p. 515-535.","startPage":"515","endPage":"535","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8789e4b08c986b31652f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":380111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018780,"text":"70018780 - 1996 - Gravity field over the Sea of Galilee: Evidence for a composite basin along a transform fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-10T11:26:32","indexId":"70018780","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gravity field over the Sea of Galilee: Evidence for a composite basin along a transform fault","docAbstract":"The Sea of Galilee (Lake Kinneret) is located at the northern portion of the Kinneret-Bet Shean basin, in the northern Dead Sea transform. Three hundred kilometers of continuous marine gravity data were collected in the lake and integrated with land gravity data to a distance of more than 20 km around the lake. Analyses of the gravity data resulted in a free-air anomaly map, a variable density Bouguer anomaly map, and a horizontal first derivative map of the Bouguer anomaly. These maps, together with gravity models of profiles across the lake and the area south of it, were used to infer the geometry of the basins in this region and the main faults of the transform system. The Sea of Galilee can be divided into two units. The southern half is a pull-apart that extends to the Kinarot Valley, south of the lake, whereas the northern half was formed by rotational opening and transverse normal faults. The deepest part of the basinal area is located well south of the deepest bathymetric depression. This implies that the northeastern part of the lake, where the bathymetry is the deepest, is a young feature that is actively subsiding now. The pull-apart basin is almost symmetrical in the southern part of the lake and in the Kinarot Valley south of the lake. This suggests that the basin here is bounded by strike-slip faults on both sides. The eastern boundary fault extends to the northern part of the lake, while the western fault does not cross the northern part. The main factor controlling the structural complexity of this area is the interaction of the Dead Sea transform with a subperpendicular fault system and rotated blocks.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/95JB03043","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Ben-Avraham, Z., ten Brink, U., Bell, R., and Reznikov, M., 1996, Gravity field over the Sea of Galilee: Evidence for a composite basin along a transform fault: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 101, no. 1, p. 533-544, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JB03043.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"533","endPage":"544","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479047,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7916/d8sq98ws","text":"External Repository"},{"id":227403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Israel ","otherGeospatial":"Sea of Galilee","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              35.50712585449219,\n              32.69428812316931\n            ],\n            [\n              35.66780090332031,\n              32.69428812316931\n            ],\n            [\n              35.66780090332031,\n              32.90783871693625\n            ],\n            [\n              35.50712585449219,\n              32.90783871693625\n            ],\n            [\n              35.50712585449219,\n              32.69428812316931\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"101","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a19e4b0c8380cd5aeb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ben-Avraham, Z.","contributorId":68459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ben-Avraham","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":380741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bell, R.","contributorId":26825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reznikov, M.","contributorId":72145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reznikov","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1012814,"text":"1012814 - 1996 - An image-processing program for automated counting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-20T21:06:49","indexId":"1012814","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An image-processing program for automated counting","docAbstract":"An image-processing program developed by the National Institute of\r\nHealth, IMAGE, was modified in a cooperative project between remote sensing\r\nspecialists at the Ohio State University Center for Mapping and scientists at\r\nthe Alaska Science Center to facilitate estimating numbers of black brant\r\n(Branta bernicla nigricans) in flocks at Izembek National Wildlife Refuge. The\r\nmodified program, DUCK HUNT, runs on Apple computers. Modifications provide\r\nusers with a pull down menu that optimizes image quality; identifies objects of\r\ninterest (e.g., brant) by spectral, morphometric, and spatial parameters defined\r\ninteractively by users; counts and labels objects of interest; and produces\r\nsummary tables. Images from digitized photography, videography, and high-\r\nresolution digital photography have been used with this program to count various\r\nspecies of waterfowl.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, D., Anderson, W., and Anthony, R., 1996, An image-processing program for automated counting: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 24, no. 2, p. 345-346.","productDescription":"pp. 345-346","startPage":"345","endPage":"346","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab790","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, D.J.","contributorId":25522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, W.H.","contributorId":93420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anthony, R.M.","contributorId":181902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anthony","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":21850,"text":"ofr96460 - 1996 - \"The Great Cataract\" - Effects of Late Holocene Debris Flows on Lava Falls Rapid, Grand Canyon National National Park, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:42","indexId":"ofr96460","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-460","title":"\"The Great Cataract\" - Effects of Late Holocene Debris Flows on Lava Falls Rapid, Grand Canyon National National Park, Arizona","docAbstract":"Lava Falls Rapid is the most formidable reach of whitewater on the Colorado River in Grand Canyon and is one of the most famous rapids in the world. Although the rapid was once thought to be controlled by the remnants of lava dams of Pleistocene age, Lava Falls was created and is maintained by frequent debris flows from Prospect Canyon. We used 232 historical photographs, of which 121 were replicated, and 14C and 3He dating methods to reconstruct the ages and, in some cases, the magnitudes of late Holocene debris flows. We quantified the interaction between Prospect Canyon debris flows and the Colorado River using image processing of the historical photographs.\r\n\r\nThe highest and oldest debris-flow deposits on the debris fan yielded a 3He date of 2.9?0.6 ka (950 BC), which indicates predominately late Holocene aggradation of one of the largest debris fans in Grand Canyon. The deposit, which has a 25-m escarpment caused by river reworking, crossed the Colorado River and raised its base level by 30 m for an indeterminate, although probably short, period. We mapped depositional surfaces of 6 debris flows that occurred after 950 BC. The most recent prehistoric debris flow occurred no more than 500 years ago (AD 1434).\r\n\r\nFrom April 1872 to July 1939, no debris flows occurred in Prospect Canyon. Debris flows in 1939, 1954, 1955, 1963, 1966, and 1995 constricted the Colorado River between 35 and 80 percent and completely changed the pattern of flow through the rapid. The debris flows had discharges estimated between about 290 and 1,000 m3/s and transported boulders as heavy as 30 Mg. The recurrence interval of these debris flows, calculated from the volume of the aggraded debris fan, ranged from 35 to 200 yrs. The 1939 debris flow in Prospect Canyon appears to have been the largest debris flow in Grand Canyon during the last 125 years.\r\n\r\nDebris flows in Prospect Canyon are initiated by streamflow pouring over a 325-m waterfall onto unconsolidated colluvium, a process called the firehose effect. Floods in Prospect Valley above the waterfall are generated during regional winter storms, localized summer thunderstorms, and occasional tropical cyclones. Winter precipitation has increased in the Grand Canyon region since the early 1960s, and the most recent debris flows have occurred during winter storms. Summer rainfall has declined in the same period, decreasing the potential for debris flows in the summer months.\r\n\r\nThe history of river reworking of the Prospect Canyon debris fan illustrates the interrelation between tributary debris fans and mainstem floods in bedrock canyons. Lava Falls Rapid did not change despite Colorado River floods of 8,500 m3/s in 1884 and 6,230 m3/s in 1921. Floods up to 3,540 m3/s that occurred after the historical, pre-dam debris flows removed most of the deposits within 3 years. Releases in 1965 from Glen Canyon Dam that were above powerplant capacity but less than 1,640 m3/s removed most of the debris fan deposited in 1963, and the combination of dam releases and a 1973 flood on the Little Colorado River removed the 1966 aggradation. About 4,800 m3 of the 1995 deposit was reworked on the day of the 1995 debris flow, dam releases of less than 570 m3/s had not reworked the remainder of the aggraded debris fan.\r\n\r\nLava Falls Rapid has been the most unstable reach of whitewater in Grand Canyon during the late Holocene and particularly during the last 120 years. Rapids in bedrock canyons controlled by tributary deposition in the main channel are aggradational features that reflect the net effect of tributary-mainstem interactions. Boulders that form the core of rapids in Grand Canyon are essentially immobile by both regulated and unregulated Colorado River flows. Historical operation of Glen Canyon Dam, which was completed in 1963, has reduced the potential for reworking of debris fans, and has accelerated the rate of net aggradation at the mouths of tributary canyons. Because debris fans that formed after 196","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr96460","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Webb, R., Melis, T., Wise, T.W., and Elliott, J.G., 1996, \"The Great Cataract\" - Effects of Late Holocene Debris Flows on Lava Falls Rapid, Grand Canyon National National Park, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-460, 96 p. :ill. (1 col.), maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96460.","productDescription":"96 p. :ill. (1 col.), maps ;28 cm.","numberOfPages":"96","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153203,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1243,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr96460","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4901e4b0b290850eecd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert H.","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":185965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melis, Theodore S. 0000-0003-0473-3968 tmelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0473-3968","contributorId":1829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melis","given":"Theodore S.","email":"tmelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wise, Thomas W.","contributorId":89162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wise","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elliott, John G. jelliott@usgs.gov","contributorId":832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"John","email":"jelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":185964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":27964,"text":"wri904171 - 1995 - Ground-water flow and quality in Wisconsin's shallow aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-17T18:57:57.660034","indexId":"wri904171","displayToPublicDate":"1999-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4171","title":"Ground-water flow and quality in Wisconsin's shallow aquifer system","docAbstract":"<p>The areal concentration distribution of commonmineral constituents and properties of ground water in Wisconsin's shallow aquifer system are described in this report. Maps depicting the water quality and the altitude of the water table are included. The shallow aquifer system in Wisconsin, composed of unconsolidated sand and gravel and shallow bedrock, is the source of most potable ground-water supplies in the State. Most ground water in the shallow aquifer system moves in local flow systems, but it interacts with regional flow systems in some areas.</p>\n<p>In terms of chemical quality, the water is suitable for potable supply and most other uses, but objectionable hardness in large areas and concen- trations of iron and manganese that exceed State drinking-water standards cause aesthetic problems that may require treatment of the water for some uses. Concentrations of major dissolved constitu- ents (calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate), hard- ness, alkalinity, and dissolved solids are highest where the bedrock component of the aquifer is dolo- mite and lowest where the shallow aquifer is almost entirely sand and gravel. Concentrations of other minor constituents (sodium, potassium, sulfate, chloride, and fluoride) are less closely related to common minerals that compose the aquifer system. Sulfate and fluoride concentrations exceed State drinking-water standards locally. Extreme variability in concentrations of iron and manganese are common locally. Iron and manganese concentra- tions exceed State drinking-water standards in water from one-third and one-quarter of the wells, respectively. Likely causes of nitrate-nitrogen con- centrations that exceed State drinking-water stan- dards include local contamination from plant fertilizers, animal wastes, waste water disposed of on land, and septic systems. Water quality in the shallow aquifer system has been affected by saline water from underlying aquifers, primarily along the eastern and western boundaries of the State where the thickness of Paleozoic rocks is greatest.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri904171","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Kammerer, P., 1995, Ground-water flow and quality in Wisconsin's shallow aquifer system: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4171, Report: iv, 42 p.; 2 Plates: 32.00 x 38.00 inches, 23.00 x 27.25 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904171.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 42 p.; 2 Plates: 32.00 x 38.00 inches, 23.00 x 27.25 inches","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110255,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47418.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"47418"},{"id":56781,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4171/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56780,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4171/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124259,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4171/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56782,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4171/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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Jr.","contributorId":39804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kammerer","given":"P.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24710,"text":"ofr95375 - 1995 - Real-Time Mapping alert system; characteristics and capabilities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:24","indexId":"ofr95375","displayToPublicDate":"1996-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-375","title":"Real-Time Mapping alert system; characteristics and capabilities","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has an extensive hydrologic network that records and transmits precipitation, stage, discharge, and other water-related data on a real-time basis to an automated data processing system. Data values are recorded on electronic data collection platforms at field sampling sites. These values are transmitted by means of orbiting satellites to receiving ground stations, and by way of telecommunication lines to a U.S. Geological Survey office where they are processed on a computer system. Data that exceed predefined thresholds are identified as alert values. The current alert status at monitoring sites within a state or region is of critical importance during floods, hurricanes, and other extreme hydrologic events. This report describes the characteristics and capabilities of a series of computer programs for real-time mapping of hydrologic data. The software provides interactive graphics display and query of hydrologic information from the network in a real-time, map-based, menu-driven environment.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95375","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Torres, L., Lambert, S., and Liebermann, T., 1995, Real-Time Mapping alert system; characteristics and capabilities: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-375, iv, 18 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95375.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0375/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53742,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0375/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db64474c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torres, L.A.","contributorId":19195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lambert, S.C.","contributorId":92289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liebermann, T.D.","contributorId":23569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liebermann","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":18966,"text":"ofr94709W - 1995 - Statistical summaries of surface-water hydrologic data collected in the Suwannee River Water Management District, Florida, 1906-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-29T07:48:08","indexId":"ofr94709W","displayToPublicDate":"1995-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-709","chapter":"W","title":"Statistical summaries of surface-water hydrologic data collected in the Suwannee River Water Management District, Florida, 1906-93","docAbstract":"<p>Since 1906, hydrologic data have been collected systematically on streams and lakes in the Suwannee River Water Management District (SRWMD) by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the SRWMD, and other agencies. Records of stream discharge and stream and lake stage in the SRWMD (fig. 1), collected largely in cooperation with the SRWMD since 1975, have been published for many years in the USGS annual report series \"Water Resources Data for Florida.\"</p><p>Streamflow and stream and lake elevation statistics are given in this report for sites shown in figure 1. All 27 daily streamflow stations shown are (or were) operated by the USGS in cooperation with the SRWMD; all 18 lake stage stations shown are now (1994) operated by the SRWMD, but were operated until the late 1970’s by the USGS in cooperation with the SRWMD. All unregulated stream stations which have three or more years of continuous record are included in this report. All unregulated lake stations having at least three years of intermittent lake elevation readings are also included. There are many other sites in the SRWMD for which shorter records or miscellaneous measurements are available but are not included because statistical summaries for such stations require interpretive analysis beyond the scope of this report.</p><p>Basic hydrologic data have long been recognized as fundamental to the analysis of magnitude and frequency of floods, availability of water supplies, potential for reservoir storage, and permitting of waste discharges. Also, in recent times, scientists and water managers have become more aware of the complex relations between flows and water levels and the terrestrial and aquatic plant and&nbsp;animal life in wetland ecosystems. In 1994, the SRWMD and the USGS began a long-term program of cooperative studies designed to better understand minimum and maximum flow and water levels needed to manage the surface and ground water resources of the District and maintain or improve the various ecosystems therein. Information presented in this report, together with frequency analysis of station data, flow regionalization, studies of the relation of salinity to flow in the lower Suwannee River, definition of ground-water surface-water interactions, surface- and ground-water quality studies, and studies of interaction between surface-water bodies and wetlands, will provide the basis for the SRWMD to establish minimum flow and level requirements for streams and lakes in the SRWMD area.</p><p>This report is a necessary first step in the longterm program of study because it contains basic stream discharge and stream and lake elevation statistics, most of which are not contained in the annual report \"Water Resources Data for Florida.\" These statistics, most of which were generated using a U.S. Geological Survey computer program, ADAPS, Automatic Data Processing System, characterize normal flows and levels and departures from normal due to floods and droughts or seasonal climatic variations. Specifically, the report presents for the period of record of each stream or lake gaging station, as appropriate:</p><ul><li>Minimum, maximum, and mean of monthly mean stream elevations and discharges in graphical and tabular form.</li><li>For streams, annual mean discharge, highest and lowest annual mean discharge, highest and lowest daily mean discharge, minimum annual seven-day mean discharge, instantaneous peak discharge and elevation, instantaneous minimum discharge, and basin yield.</li><li>Duration of annual daily mean stream elevation and discharge. Duration of daily values are shown in both graphical and tabular form.</li><li>Duration of daily mean stream elevations and discharge, by months, in tables.</li><li>Minimum and maximum 1-,3-,7-,14-,30-, 60-,&nbsp;90-,120-, and 183-consecutive day stream elevations and discharges (with rankings) for each year of record.</li><li>Mean monthly lake elevations and statistics by month, including number of monthly values, mean, variance, standard deviation, skewness, and coefficient of variation.</li></ul><p>For convenience, a GLOSSARY of commonly used terms related to the collection and reporting of surface-water elevations and discharge is included before the Introduction section of this report.</p><p>The authors wish to acknowledge Natalie Rackley, formerly of the U.S. Geological Survey, and T.W. Grubbs, U.S. Geological Survey, for their computer assistance in the compilation of station records, and Jim Tomberlin, U.S. Geological Survey, for the mapping of stream and lake gaging stations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94709W","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Suwannee River Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Franklin, M., Giese, G.L., and Mixson, P., 1995, Statistical summaries of surface-water hydrologic data collected in the Suwannee River Water Management District, Florida, 1906-93: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-709, viii, 173 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94709W.","productDescription":"viii, 173 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0709w/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":48377,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0709w/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Suwannee River Water Management District","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84,\n              29\n            ],\n            [\n              -82,\n              29\n            ],\n            [\n              -82,\n              30.7\n            ],\n            [\n              -84,\n              30.7\n            ],\n            [\n              -84,\n              29\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dce4b07f02db5e14a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franklin, M.A.","contributorId":13631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franklin","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giese, G. L.","contributorId":44898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giese","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mixson, P.R.","contributorId":89556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mixson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018850,"text":"70018850 - 1995 - Digital photogrammetry at the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:13","indexId":"70018850","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Digital photogrammetry at the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is converting its primary map production and revision operations to use digital photogrammetric techniques. The primary source of data for these operations is the digital orthophoto quadrangle derived from National Aerial Photography Program images. These digital orthophotos are used on workstations that permit comparison of existing vector and raster data with the orthophoto and interactive collection and revision of the vector data.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Integrating Photogrammetric Techniques with Scene Analysis and Machine Vision II","conferenceDate":"19 April 1995 through 21 April 1995","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers","publisherLocation":"Bellingham, WA, United States","issn":"0277786X","isbn":"0819418390","usgsCitation":"Greve, C.W., 1995, Digital photogrammetry at the U.S. Geological Survey, <i>in</i> Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 2486, Orlando, FL, USA, 19 April 1995 through 21 April 1995, p. 136-139.","startPage":"136","endPage":"139","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2486","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a017de4b0c8380cd4fc17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greve, Clifford W.","contributorId":19718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greve","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018845,"text":"70018845 - 1995 - Spatial trends in Pearson Type III statistical parameters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-16T07:45:47","indexId":"70018845","displayToPublicDate":"1995-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial trends in Pearson Type III statistical parameters","docAbstract":"Spatial trends in the statistical parameters (mean, standard deviation, and skewness coefficient) of a Pearson Type III distribution of the logarithms of annual flood peaks for small rural basins (less than 90 km2) are delineated using a climate factor CT, (T=2-, 25-, and 100-yr recurrence intervals), which quantifies the effects of long-term climatic data (rainfall and pan evaporation) on observed T-yr floods. Maps showing trends in average parameter values demonstrate the geographically varying influence of climate on the magnitude of Pearson Type III statistical parameters. The spatial trends in variability of the parameter values characterize the sensitivity of statistical parameters to the interaction of basin-runoff characteristics (hydrology) and climate. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1995)121:9(672)","usgsCitation":"Lichty, R., and Karlinger, M., 1995, Spatial trends in Pearson Type III statistical parameters: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 121, no. 9, p. 672-678, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1995)121:9(672).","startPage":"672","endPage":"678","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269424,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1995)121:9(672)"}],"volume":"121","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94abe4b08c986b31abdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lichty, R.W.","contributorId":46987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lichty","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlinger, M.R.","contributorId":95039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlinger","given":"M.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27561,"text":"wri944156 - 1994 - Identification of potential public water-supply areas of the Cape Cod aquifer, Massachusetts, using a geographic information system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:42","indexId":"wri944156","displayToPublicDate":"1995-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4156","title":"Identification of potential public water-supply areas of the Cape Cod aquifer, Massachusetts, using a geographic information system","docAbstract":"Potential public water-supply areas of the Cape Cod aquifer, Massachusetts, were identified using a geographic information system (GIS) to aid regional and local ground-water resource management efforts. Criteria were selected to identify potential areas on the basis of data restrictions in addition to State requirements for siting new public water- supply wells, Federal or local restrictions on land use, and general hydrogeologic or water-quality concerns. Data layers were created for each criterion and overliad to eliminate areas from consideration as potential public water supplies. Remaining areas, those not included within the applied criteria, are the primary areas to consider for potential public water supplies. The areas identified in this analysis as potential public water supplies range from 0.5 to 7.9 percent of the individual flow cells, or 5.6 percent of the total flow cell area. The criteria were ranked so that criteria more limiting to potential public water supplies were given a higher rank than other criteria. The ranking scheme allows for the inclusion of areas with lower ranked criteria as potential public water supplies. Results can be viewed on a plat in this report, or accessed using the map-based, menu-driven GIS application, which provides interactive display and query of investigation results.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944156","usgsCitation":"Harris, S., and Steeves, P.A., 1994, Identification of potential public water-supply areas of the Cape Cod aquifer, Massachusetts, using a geographic information system: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4156, iv, 23 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944156.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95641,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4156/report.pdf","size":"5691","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95642,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4156/plate-1.pdf","size":"12660","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4156/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa007","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, S.L.","contributorId":79921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steeves, P. A.","contributorId":35774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steeves","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70129009,"text":"70129009 - 1994 - A spatial snow model for preday/prey interactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-16T10:13:02","indexId":"70129009","displayToPublicDate":"1994-08-29T10:11:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"A spatial snow model for preday/prey interactions","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Mapping and remote sensing tools for the 21st century: conference and exposition: with feature emphasis on public/private interaction","conferenceTitle":"Mapping and remote sensing tools for the 21st century: conference and exposition: with feature emphasis on public/private interaction","conferenceDate":"1994-08-26T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Washington, D.C.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Ringleb, R., Martinka, C., Fagre, D., Liston, G., Potts, D., and Willard, E., 1994, A spatial snow model for preday/prey interactions, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295369,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5440de18e4b0b0a643c732a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ringleb, R.","contributorId":10360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringleb","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martinka, C.","contributorId":66619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinka","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fagre, D.","contributorId":57392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagre","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liston, G.","contributorId":67435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liston","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Potts, D.","contributorId":27809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potts","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Willard, E.","contributorId":73943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":60884,"text":"mf2252 - 1994 - Shoreline and coastal wetland variability along the west shore of Green Bay, Marinette and Oconto counties, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-10T13:14:25.110519","indexId":"mf2252","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2252","title":"Shoreline and coastal wetland variability along the west shore of Green Bay, Marinette and Oconto counties, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Coastal wetland ecosystems along the Great Lakes shorelines are extremely valuable natural resources. They provide numerous environmental and recreational benefits, and they serve as critical habitats for fish and wildlife populations. In general terms, wetlands can be defined as lands transitional between terrestrial and aquatic systems; they are characterized by periodic submergence or a water table at or near the surface and a predominance of hydric soils and hydrophytes. Changes in shoreline positions over time result in concomitant changes in the amount of adjacent coastal wetlands, frequently resulting in a permanent loss of these valuable resources. In the Great Lakes region, the main natural cause of shoreline changes are lake-level fluctuations that result from two interactive factors. One factor is the glacio-isostatic rebound of the lake basins, which has been occurring since the end of the late Wisconsin glaciation to the present. This crustal rebounding has slowly uplifted previous lake outlets, warped and tilted lake basins, and changed lake levels and shoreline positions. On the basis of historic lake-level gauge records, measured modern differential vertical uplift rates range from 0.26 ft/century in the southern part of the Great Lakes drainage basin to 1.74 ft/century in the northern part of the basin (Larsen, 1989). The second factor contributing to lake-level fluctuations is climate variability, which controls the amount of regional precipitation and evaporation, storm frequency, runoff, and resulting lake levels. Climate variability can occur over a wide spectrum of time scales; it can range from seasonal variations, to long-term trends of a few years or decades in duration, to trends lasting hundred of thousands of years. Climatic variations, in conjunction with glacio-isostatic rebound, have resulted in substantial temporal variability of the Great Lakes shorelines and associated wetland tracts during post-glacial times.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf2252","usgsCitation":"Shideler, G.L., 1994, Shoreline and coastal wetland variability along the west shore of Green Bay, Marinette and Oconto counties, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2252, 1 Plate: 45.29 x 40.80 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2252.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 45.29 x 40.80 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":183493,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf2252.png"},{"id":284457,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2252/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":490274,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5874.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","datum":"National Geodetic Vertical Datum 1929","country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Marinette County, Oconto County","city":"Green Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.58,44.5 ], [ -88.58,45.0 ], [ -87.37,45.0 ], [ -87.37,44.5 ], [ -88.58,44.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd72a1e4b0b290851086f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shideler, Gerald L.","contributorId":89137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shideler","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":60885,"text":"mf2254 - 1994 - Temporal variability of shoreline positions and coastal wetlands along lower Green Bay, Oconto and Brown counties, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-25T08:05:48","indexId":"mf2254","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2254","title":"Temporal variability of shoreline positions and coastal wetlands along lower Green Bay, Oconto and Brown counties, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"The positions of shorelines and the areal extent of adjacent coastal wetland tracts in the Great Lakes region have exhibited substantial temporal variability during both prehistoric and historical times. Shoreline migration has resulted in environmental problems such as flooding and the coastal erosion of lakefront property, as well as the destruction of coastal wetland resources. In the Great Lakes region, the main natural cause for changes in shoreline position and adjacent wetland area is lake-level fluctuations, which results from two interactive factors. One factor is the glacio-isostatic rebound of the lake basins that has occurred from the end of the late Wisconsin glaciation to the present. This crustal rebounding has resulted in the slow uplifting of previous lake outlets and warping of lake basins, contributing to changing lake levels and shoreline migration. Historic lake-level gauge records indicate modern differential vertical uplift rates that range from 0.26 ft/century in the southern part of the Great Lakes drainage basin to 1.74 ft/century in the northern part of the basin (Larsen, 1989). The second factor contributing to lake-level fluctuations is climate variability, which causes variations in the amount of regional precipitation and evaporation, storm frequency, runoff, and resulting lake levels. Climate variability can occur over a wide spectrum of time scales, from seasonal variations, to longer-term trends of a few years or decades in duration, to trends lasting hundreds of thousands of years. A combination of both climatic variations and glacio-isostatic rebound has resulting in substantial temporal variability of the Great Lakes shorelines and associated coastal wetland tracts during post-glacial times.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf2254","usgsCitation":"Shideler, G.L., 1994, Temporal variability of shoreline positions and coastal wetlands along lower Green Bay, Oconto and Brown counties, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2254, Map: 40.27 x 55.30 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2254.","productDescription":"Map: 40.27 x 55.30 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":183494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf2254.png"},{"id":284458,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2254/plate-1.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","datum":"National Geodetic Vertical Datum 1929","country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Brown County;Oconto County","city":"Green Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.0,44.5 ], [ -88.0,45.0 ], [ -86.5,45.0 ], [ -86.5,44.5 ], [ -88.0,44.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd768ce4b0b2908510af59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shideler, Gerald L.","contributorId":89137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shideler","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":38372,"text":"pp1519 - 1993 - Applications of research from the U.S. Geological Survey program, assessment of regional earthquake hazards and risk along the Wasatch Front, Utah","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16907,"text":"ofr90225 - 1990 - Assessment of regional earthquake hazards and risk along the Wasatch Front, Utah; Volume IV","indexId":"ofr90225","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Assessment of regional earthquake hazards and risk along the Wasatch Front, Utah; Volume IV"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38372,"text":"pp1519 - 1993 - Applications of research from the U.S. Geological Survey program, assessment of regional earthquake hazards and risk along the Wasatch Front, Utah","indexId":"pp1519","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Applications of research from the U.S. Geological Survey program, assessment of regional earthquake hazards and risk along the Wasatch Front, Utah"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T18:44:13","indexId":"pp1519","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1519","title":"Applications of research from the U.S. Geological Survey program, assessment of regional earthquake hazards and risk along the Wasatch Front, Utah","docAbstract":"INTERACTIVE WORKSHOPS: ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF THE EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS RESEARCH AND REDUCTION PROGRAM IN THE WASATCH FRONT, UTAH: Interactive workshops provided the forum and stimulus necessary to foster collaboration among the participants in the multidisciplinary, 5-yr program of earthquake hazards reduction in the Wasatch Front, Utah. The workshop process validated well-documented social science theories on the importance of interpersonal interaction, including interaction between researchers and users of research to increase the probability that research will be relevant to the user's needs and, therefore, more readily used. \r\n\r\nREDUCING EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS IN UTAH: THE CRUCIAL CONNECTION BETWEEN RESEARCHERS AND PRACTITIONERS: Complex scientific and engineering studies must be translated for and transferred to nontechnical personnel for use in reducing earthquake hazards in Utah. The three elements needed for effective translation, likelihood of occurrence, location, and severity of potential hazards, and the three elements needed for effective transfer, delivery, assistance, and encouragement, are described and illustrated for Utah. The importance of evaluating and revising earthquake hazard reduction programs and their components is emphasized. More than 30 evaluations of various natural hazard reduction programs and techniques are introduced. \r\n\r\nThis report was prepared for research managers, funding sources, and evaluators of the Utah earthquake hazard reduction program who are concerned about effectiveness. An overview of the Utah program is provided for those researchers, engineers, planners, and decisionmakers, both public and private, who are committed to reducing human casualties, property damage, and interruptions of socioeconomic systems.\r\n\r\nPUBLIC PERCEPTIONS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EARTHQUAKE MITIGATION POLICIES ALONG THE WASATCH FRONT IN UTAH: The earthquake hazard potential along the Wasatch Front in Utah has been well defined by a number of scientific and engineering studies. Translated earthquake hazard maps have also been developed to identify areas that are particularly vulnerable to various causes of damage such as ground shaking, surface rupturing, and liquefaction. The implementation of earthquake hazard reduction plans are now under way in various communities in Utah. The results of a survey presented in this paper indicate that technical public officials (planners and building officials) have an understanding of the earthquake hazards and how to mitigate the risks. Although the survey shows that the general public has a slightly lower concern about the potential for economic losses, they recognize the potential problems and can support a number of earthquake mitigation measures. The study suggests that many community groups along the Wasatch Front, including volunteer groups, business groups, and elected and appointed officials, are ready for action-oriented educational programs. These programs could lead to a significant reduction in the risks associated with earthquake hazards. \r\n\r\nA DATA BASE DESIGNED FOR URBAN SEISMIC HAZARDS STUDIES: A computerized data base has been designed for use in urban seismic hazards studies conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey. The design includes file structures for 16 linked data sets, which contain geological, geophysical, and seismological data used in preparing relative ground response maps of large urban areas. The data base is organized along relational data base principles. A prototype urban hazards data base has been created for evaluation in two urban areas currently under investigation: the Wasatch Front region of Utah and the Puget Sound area of Washington. The initial implementation of the urban hazards data base was accomplished on a microcomputer using dBASE III Plus software and transferred to minicomputers and a work station. \r\n\r\nA MAPPING OF GROUND-SHAKING INTENSITIES FOR SALT LAKE COUNTY, UTAH: This paper documents the development of maps showing a ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1519","usgsCitation":"1993, Applications of research from the U.S. Geological Survey program, assessment of regional earthquake hazards and risk along the Wasatch Front, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1519, 167 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1519.","productDescription":"167 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":64717,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1519/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1519/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a5c3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gori, Paula L.","contributorId":10027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gori","given":"Paula","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745693,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27133,"text":"wri934159 - 1993 - Estimating net drawdown resulting from episodic withdrawals at six well fields in the coastal plain physiographic province of Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:41","indexId":"wri934159","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4159","title":"Estimating net drawdown resulting from episodic withdrawals at six well fields in the coastal plain physiographic province of Virginia","docAbstract":"The groundwater-flow system of the Virginia Coastal Plain consists of areally extensive and interconnected aquifers. Large, regionally coalescing cones of depression that are caused by large withdrawals of water are found in these aquifers. Local groundwater systems are affected by regional pumping, because of the interactions within the system of aquifers. Accordingly, these local systems are affected by regional groundwater flow and by spatial and temporal differences in withdrawals by various users. A geographic- information system was used to refine a regional groundwater-flow model around selected withdrawal centers. A method was developed in which drawdown maps that were simulated by the regional groundwater-flow model and the principle of superposition could be used to estimate drawdown at local sites. The method was applied to create drawdown maps in the Brightseat/Upper Potomac Aquifer for periods of 3, 6, 9, and 12 months for Chesapeake, Newport News, Norfolk, Portsmouth, Suffolk, and Virginia Beach, Virginia. Withdrawal rates were supplied by the individual localities and remained constant for each simulation period. This provides an efficient method by which the individual local groundwater users can determine the amount of drawdown produced by their wells in a groundwater system that is a water source for multiple users and that is affected by regional-flow systems.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934159","usgsCitation":"Focazio, M., and Speiran, G., 1993, Estimating net drawdown resulting from episodic withdrawals at six well fields in the coastal plain physiographic province of Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4159, iv, 21 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934159.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122989,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4159/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55993,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4159/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55994,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4159/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55995,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4159/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55996,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4159/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55997,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4159/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55998,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4159/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55999,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4159/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56000,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4159/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc8ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Focazio, M. J.","contributorId":62997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Speiran, G. K.","contributorId":83534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speiran","given":"G. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70128312,"text":"70128312 - 1993 - Fire history of southeastern Glacier National Park: Missouri River Drainage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-07T13:14:42","indexId":"70128312","displayToPublicDate":"1993-02-01T12:49:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"Final Report PX 1430-2-0787","title":"Fire history of southeastern Glacier National Park: Missouri River Drainage","docAbstract":"<p>In 1982, Glacier National Park (GNP) initiated long-term studies to document the fire history of all forested lands in the 410,000 ha. park.  To date, studies have been conducted for GNP west of the Continental Divide (Barrett et al. 1991), roughly half of the total park area.  These and other fire history studies in the Northern Rockies (Arno 1976, Sneck 1977, Arno 1980, Romme 1982, Romme and Despain 1989, Barrett and Arno 1991, Barrett 1993a, Barrett 1993b) have shown that fire history data can be an integral element of fire management planning, particularly wen natiral fire plans are being developed for parks and wilderness.  The value of site specific fire history data is apparent when considering study results for lodgepole pin (<i>Pinus contorta</i> var. <i>latifolia</i>) forests.  Lodgepole pine is a major subalpine type in the Northern Rockies and such stands experiences a wide range of presettlement fire patterns.  On relatively warm-dry sites at lower elevations, such as in GNP's North Fork drainage (Barrett et al. 1991), short to moderately long interval (25-150 yr) fires occurred in a mixed severity pattern ranging from non-lethal underburns to total stand replacement (Arno 1976, Sneck 1977, Barrett and Arno 1991).  Markedly different fire history occurred at high elevation lodgepole pine stands on highly unproductive sites, such as on Yellowstone National Park's (YNP) subalpine plateau.  Romme (1982) found that, on some sites, stand replacing fires recurred after very long intervals (300-400 yr), and that non-lethal surface fires were rare.  For somewhat more productive sites in the Absaroka Mountains in YNP, Barrett (1993a) estimated a 200 year mean replacement interval, in a pattern similar to that found in steep mountain terrain elsewhere, such as in the Middle Fork Flathead River drainage (Barrett et al. 1991, Sneck 1977).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Aside from post-1900 written records (ayres 1900; fire atlas data on file, GNP Archives Div. and GNP Resources Mgt. Div.), little fire history information existed for GNP's east-side forests, which are dominated primarily by lodgepole pine.  In fall 1992, the park initiated a study to determine the fire history of the Missouri River drainage portion of southeastern GNP.  Given the known variation in pre-1900 fire patterns for lodgepole pine, this study was seen as a potentially important contribution to GNP's Fire Management Plan, and to the expanding data base of fire history studies in the region.  Resource managers sought this information to assist their development of appropriate fire management strategies for the east-side forests, and the fire history data also would be a useful interactive component of the park's Geographic Information System (GIS).  Primary objectives were to: 1) determine pre-1900 fire periodicities, severities, burning patterns, and post-fire succession for major forest types, and 2) document and map the forest age class mosaic, reflecting the history of stand replacing fires at the landscape level of analysis.  Secondary objectives were to interpret the possible effects of modern fire suppression on area forests, and to determine fire regime patterns relative to other lodgepole pine ecosystems in the Northern Rockies.</p>","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Barrett, S.W., 1993, Fire history of southeastern Glacier National Park: Missouri River Drainage, 43 p.","productDescription":"43 p.","numberOfPages":"43","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295021,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543500a7e4b0a4f4b46a2395","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barrett, Stephen W.","contributorId":32848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017346,"text":"70017346 - 1993 - Relationship of geological and geothermal field properties: Midcontinent area, USA, an example","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:47","indexId":"70017346","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationship of geological and geothermal field properties: Midcontinent area, USA, an example","docAbstract":"Quantitative approaches to data analysis in the last decade have become important in basin modeling and mineral-resource estimation. The interrelation of geological, geophysical, geochemical, and geohydrological variables is important in adjusting a model to a real-world situation. Revealing the interdependences of variables can contribute in understanding the processes interacting in sedimentary basins. It is reasonably simple to compare spatial data of the same type but more difficult if different properties are involved. Statistical techniques, such as cluster analysis or principal components analysis, or some algebraic approaches can be used to ascertain the relations of standardized spatial data. In this example, structural configuration on five different stratigraphic horizons, one total sediment thickness map, and four maps of geothermal data were copared. As expected, the structural maps are highly related because all had undergone about the same deformation with differing degrees of intensity. The temperature gradients derived (1) from shallow borehole logging measurements under equilibrium conditions with the surrounding rock, and (2) from non-equilibrium bottom-hole temperatures (BHT) from deeper depths are mainly independent of each other. This was expected and confirmed also for the two temperature maps at 1000 ft which were constructed using both types of gradient values. Thus, it is evident that the use of a 2-point (BHT and surface temperature) straightline calculation of a mean temperature gradient gives different information about the geothermal regime than using gradients from temperatures logged under equilibrium conditions. Nevertheless, it is useful to determine to what a degree the larger dataset of nonequilibrium temperatures could reflect quantitative relationships to geologic conditions. Comparing all maps of geothermal information vs. the structural and the sediment thickness maps, it was determined that all correlations are moderately negative or slightly positive. These results are clearly shown by the cluster analysis and the principal components. Considering a close relationship between temperature and thermal conductivity of the sediments as observed for most of the Midcontinent area and relatively homogeneous heat-flow density conditions for the study area these results support the following assumptions: (1) undifferentiated geothermal gradients, computed from temperatures of different depth intervals and differing sediment properties, cannot contribute to an improved understanding of the temperature structure and its controls within the sedimentary cover, and (2) the quantitative approach of revealing such relations needs refined datasets of temperature information valid for the different depth levels or stratigraphic units. ?? 1993 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00891052","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Forster, A., Merriam, D.F., and Brower, J., 1993, Relationship of geological and geothermal field properties: Midcontinent area, USA, an example: Mathematical Geology, v. 25, no. 7, p. 937-947, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00891052.","startPage":"937","endPage":"947","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205590,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00891052"},{"id":225019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a76ee4b0e8fec6cdc468","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forster, A.","contributorId":14580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forster","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Merriam, D. F.","contributorId":63175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merriam","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brower, J.C.","contributorId":37081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brower","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018402,"text":"70018402 - 1993 - Sedimentary environments within a glaciated estuarine-inner shelf system: Boston Harbor and Massachusetts Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-09T13:18:59","indexId":"70018402","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary environments within a glaciated estuarine-inner shelf system: Boston Harbor and Massachusetts Bay","docAbstract":"<p>Three modern sedimentary environments have been identified and mapped across the glaciated Boston Harbor estuary and adjacent inner shelf of Massachusetts Bay by means of an extensive set of sidescan sonar records and supplemental bathymetric, sedimentary, subbottom and bottom-current data. 1. (1) Environments of erosion and nondeposition appear on the sonographs either as patterns with isolated reflections (caused by outcrops of bedrock, glacial drift, and coastal plain rocks) or as patterns of strong backscatter (caused by coarse-grained lag deposits). Sediments in these environments range from boulder fields to gravelly sands with megaripples. Inside the harbor, areas of erosion or nondeposition are found primarily near mainland and insular shores and within constricted tidal channels, whereas, on the shelf, they are present over extensive areas of hummocky topography near the coast and atop local bathymetric highs offshore. 2. (2) Environments of sediment reworking are characterized on the sonographs by patterns with patches of strong to weak backscatter caused by a combination of erosional and depositional processes. These environments have diverse grain sizes that range from sandy gravels to muds. Within the harbor, the locations of reworked sediments are uncorrelated with the bottom topography, but, on the shelf, they are found on the lower flanks of bathymetric highs, within broad lows and in relatively deep water (30-50 m). 3. (3) Environments of deposition are depicted on the sonographs as uniform patterns of weak backscatter. These areas contain relatively fine-grained muddy sands and muds. Inside the harbor, depositional environments are found over extensive subtidal flats and within sheltered depressions, whereas, on the shelf, they are restricted to broad lows mainly in deep water. The extreme patchiness of modern sedimentary environments within the Boston Harbor-Massachusetts Bay system reflects the interaction between the irregular bottom topography and both geologic and oceanographic processes. The estuarine part of the system is an effective trap for fine-grained detritus because of its protected nature, low wave climate, and large supply of sediments. The open shelf, however, is largely mantled by winnowed and sorted sediments as a result of erosion during past sea-level fluctuations, sediment resuspension and transport by modern waves and currents, and a spatially variable supply of fine-grained sediments.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(93)90102-2","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Knebel, H., 1993, Sedimentary environments within a glaciated estuarine-inner shelf system: Boston Harbor and Massachusetts Bay: Marine Geology, v. 110, no. 1-2, p. 7-30, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(93)90102-2.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"30","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Boston Harbor, Massachusetts Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.070556640625,\n              41.734429390721\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.8016357421875,\n              41.734429390721\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.8016357421875,\n              42.783307077249624\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.070556640625,\n              42.783307077249624\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.070556640625,\n              41.734429390721\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a1be4b08c986b317038","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knebel, H.J.","contributorId":79092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knebel","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70186798,"text":"70186798 - 1993 - Finite-element mesh generation from mappable features","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T19:52:24","indexId":"70186798","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2047,"text":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Finite-element mesh generation from mappable features","docAbstract":"<p><span>A vector-based geographical information system (GIS) is used to generate a variably-sized triangular element finite-element mesh from mappable features. Important digitally-mapped features are automatically linked to nodes in the finite-element model, ensuring an efficient, virtually error-free alternative to the tedious process of mesh design and data-input preparation by other methods. The procedure permits the user to work interactively with graphically-displayed hydrologic information about the study area allowing different mesh sizes to be used as needed, based on hydrologic complexity. The mesh-generaiion programs are stand-alone macros within the GIS that set up the basic data defining a finite-element mesh for many different finite-element model programs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02693799308901970","usgsCitation":"Kuniansky, E.L., and Lowther, R.A., 1993, Finite-element mesh generation from mappable features: International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, v. 7, no. 5, p. 395-405, https://doi.org/10.1080/02693799308901970.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"395","endPage":"405","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339552,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ec9a31e4b0b4d95d335272","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuniansky, Eve L. 0000-0002-5581-0225 elkunian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-0225","contributorId":932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuniansky","given":"Eve","email":"elkunian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowther, Robert A.","contributorId":190745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowther","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017417,"text":"70017417 - 1993 - Geology of kilauea volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T14:18:27","indexId":"70017417","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of kilauea volcano","docAbstract":"This paper summarizes studies of the structure, stratigraphy, petrology, drill holes, eruption frequency, and volcanic and seismic hazards of Kilauea volcano. All the volcano is discussed, but the focus is on its lower cast rift zone (LERZ) because active exploration for geothermal energy is concentrated in that area. Kilauea probably has several separate hydrothermal-convection systems that develop in response to the dynamic behavior of the volcano and the influx of abundant meteoric water. Important features of some of these hydrothermal-convection systems are known through studies of surface geology and drill holes. Observations of eruptions during the past two centuries, detailed geologic mapping, radiocarbon dating, and paleomagnetic secular-variation studies indicate that Kilauea has erupted frequently from its summit and two radial rift zones during Quaternary time. Petrologic studies have established that Kilauea erupts only tholeiitic basalt. Extensive ash deposits at Kilauea's summit and on its LERZ record locally violent, but temporary, disruptions of local hydrothermal-convection systems during the interaction of water or steam with magma. Recent drill holes on the LERZ provide data on the temperatures of the hydrothermal-convection systems, intensity of dike intrusion, porosity and permeability, and an increasing amount of hydrothermal alteration with depth. The prehistoric and historic record of volcanic and seismic activity indicates that magma will continue to be supplied to deep and shallow reservoirs beneath Kilauea's summit and rift zones and that the volcano will be affected by eruptions and earthquakes for many thousands of years. ?? 1993.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geothermics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6505(93)90002-5","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Moore, R.B., and Trusdell, F., 1993, Geology of kilauea volcano: Geothermics, v. 22, no. 4, p. 243-254, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(93)90002-5.","startPage":"243","endPage":"254","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268155,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(93)90002-5"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a24c9e4b0c8380cd583b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, R. B.","contributorId":98720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trusdell, F. A.","contributorId":57471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70204062,"text":"70204062 - 1992 - A geographic information systems technique for monitoring contaminants in Galveston Bay, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-01T14:15:50","indexId":"70204062","displayToPublicDate":"1992-12-31T13:58:38","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A geographic information systems technique for monitoring contaminants in Galveston Bay, Texas","docAbstract":"<p><span>A geographic information system (GIS) was used to compile a series of databases containing details concerning metal contamination and pollution sources to study their impacts on the Galveston Bay (TX) ecosystem. Using these databases, a series of maps with various overlays was created with ARC/INFO software. These maps allowed patterns of spatial distribution of numerous variables to be easily visualized so that the impacts of urbanization and industrialization on the natural resources could be examined. Resource managers can use these capabilities in their comprehensive plans for managing individual activities within an overall regulatory framework. The visual displays and cartographic output of the system can be used to locate and identify ecologically sensitive areas and to study trends in these areas over time. These vector GIS techniques have the potential to be more integrated with aerial photography and other remotely sensed data for a more extensive overview of the environment and patterns of interaction</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Needs and Solutions for Pollution Monitoring, Control, and Abatement: Proceedings of the First Thematic Conference on Remote Sensing for Marine and Coastal Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"First Thematic Conference on Remote Sensing for Marine and Coastal Environments","conferenceDate":"15-17 June 1992","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, Louisiana, USA","language":"English","publisher":"International Society for Optical Engineering","usgsCitation":"McNiff, M., Roscigno, P., and Ji, W., 1992, A geographic information systems technique for monitoring contaminants in Galveston Bay, Texas, <i>in</i> Needs and Solutions for Pollution Monitoring, Control, and Abatement: Proceedings of the First Thematic Conference on Remote Sensing for Marine and Coastal Environments, v. 1930, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, 15-17 June 1992, p. 405-415.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"405","endPage":"415","costCenters":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365255,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Galveston","otherGeospatial":"Galveston Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.47143554687499,\n              29.518500480769\n            ],\n            [\n              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