Small-bodied aquatic animals present a challenge to researchers seeking to uniquely mark individuals for scientific study. Microtransponder tags, such as p-Chips, represent the smallest electronic animal tags available to meet this need. The use of p-Chips to tag freshwater crayfishes, however, has not been explored. The goal of this study, therefore, was to determine the effects of p-Chip tagging on growth and survival of crayfishes in a controlled laboratory environment. We also investigated potential influences from variables such as sex, reproductive form, number of molt events, and crayfish size on mortality. We internally tagged individuals of the woodland crayfish Faxonius hylas (Faxon, 1890) (12.2–26.6 mm carapace length; CL) with either one p-Chip (single-tag) or one p-Chip and one visual implant elastomer tag (double-tagged) and observed the effects over a period of 90 days. Survival probability over time was not statistically different (P > 0.05) among tagging groups, sex, and reproductive form. Survival rates were similar across all tagging groups, with 75% in the control group, 77% in the double-tagged group, and 78% in the single-tag group. A strong correlation, however, was observed between survival and the number of molt events. Additionally, there was a negative correlation between survival and crayfish size (CL), indicating a higher risk of mortality for larger individuals. There were no statistically significant differences in growth in CL (P = 0.30) or mass (P = 0.19) among the tagging groups. We conclude that p-Chips are a viable tagging option for the study of crayfishes given their size, readability, and retention through molting cycles. We recommend that future studies repeat this experiment using smaller individuals to determine the minimum crayfish size compatible with p-Chip tagging. It is also important to test p-Chips with other crayfish species and compare the growth and mortality of crayfish tagged with p-Chips in natural habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jcbiol/ruad071","usgsCitation":"Huber, A.F., Fitzsimmons, W.A., and Westhoff, J.T., 2023, The smaller, the better? First evaluation of growth and mortality in crayfish internally tagged with p-Chips: Journal of Crustacean Biology, v. 43, no. 4, ruad071, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruad071.","productDescription":"ruad071, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-155252","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruad071","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":432244,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huber, Augusto F.","contributorId":340734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huber","given":"Augusto","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzsimmons, Wesley A.","contributorId":340735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fitzsimmons","given":"Wesley","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Westhoff, Jacob Thomas 0000-0002-2347-5098","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2347-5098","contributorId":288958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westhoff","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70250167,"text":"70250167 - 2023 - Arctic-boreal lakes of interior Alaska dominated by contemporary carbon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-24T12:35:19.407915","indexId":"70250167","displayToPublicDate":"2023-11-24T06:19:47","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1562,"text":"Environmental Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arctic-boreal lakes of interior Alaska dominated by contemporary carbon","docAbstract":"Northern high-latitude lakes are critical sites for carbon processing and serve as potential conduits for the emission of permafrost-derived carbon and greenhouse gases. However, the fate and emission pathways of permafrost carbon in these systems remain uncertain. Here, we used the natural abundance of radiocarbon to identify and trace the predominant sources of methane, carbon dioxide, dissolved inorganic and organic carbon in nine lakes within the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge in interior Alaska, a discontinuous permafrost region with high landscape heterogeneity and susceptibility to climate, permafrost, and hydrological changes. We find that although Yukon Flats lakes primarily process young carbon (modern to 1290 ± 60 years before present), permafrost-derived carbon is present in some of the sampled lakes and contributes, at most, 30 ± 10% of the dissolved carbon in lake surface waters. Apportionment of young carbon and legacy carbon (carbon with radiocarbon age ⩾5000 years before present) is decoupled among the dissolved inorganic and organic carbon species, with methane showing a stronger legacy signature. Our observations suggest that permafrost-thaw-related transport of carbon through Yukon Flats lacustrine ecosystems and into the atmosphere is small, and likely regulated by surficial sediments, permafrost distribution, wildfire occurrence, or masked by contemporary carbon processes. The heterogeneity of lakes across our study area and northern landscapes more broadly cautions against using any one region (e.g. Yedoma permafrost lakes) to upscale their contribution across the pan-Arctic.
","language":"English","publisher":"IOP Publishing","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/ad0993","usgsCitation":"Garcia-Tigreros, F., Elder, C.D., Kurek, M.R., Miller, B.L., Xu, X., Wickland, K., Czimczik, C.I., Dornblaser, M.M., Striegl, R.G., Kyzivat, E.D., Smith, L., Spencer, R., Miller, C.E., and Butman, D., 2023, Arctic-boreal lakes of interior Alaska dominated by contemporary carbon: Environmental Research Letters, v. 18, no. 12, 124024, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad0993.","productDescription":"124024, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-148398","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441558,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad0993","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":422881,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Boot Lake, Canvasback Lake, Greenpepper Lake, Shack Lake, Thumb Lake, Twelvemile Lake, Twin Lake, West Crazy Lake, YF18 Lake, Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.32495243819622,\n 65.09586209258472\n ],\n [\n -149.03799309568313,\n 64.59463623905711\n ],\n [\n -143.9761424480567,\n 65.63219990838482\n ],\n [\n -141.00690728046249,\n 66.43516910407672\n ],\n [\n -140.9727162057442,\n 68.73213031511489\n ],\n [\n -148.19579980608407,\n 67.27696483824582\n ],\n [\n -153.60488278174276,\n 67.04326208119708\n ],\n [\n -152.32495243819622,\n 65.09586209258472\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia-Tigreros, Fenix 0000-0001-8694-9046","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8694-9046","contributorId":194744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia-Tigreros","given":"Fenix","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":888627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elder, Clayton D.","contributorId":201542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elder","given":"Clayton","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kurek, Martin R.","contributorId":300567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kurek","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7092,"text":"Florida State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Benjamin L.","contributorId":331727,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Xu, Xiaomei","contributorId":139915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xu","given":"Xiaomei","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13312,"text":"University of California-Irvine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wickland, Kimberly 0000-0002-6400-0590","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-0590","contributorId":208471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"Kimberly","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":888632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Czimczik, Cluadia I.","contributorId":331728,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Czimczik","given":"Cluadia","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":13312,"text":"University of California-Irvine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dornblaser, Mark M.","contributorId":300296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dornblaser","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36206,"text":"Retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":888635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kyzivat, Ethan D.","contributorId":300572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kyzivat","given":"Ethan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16929,"text":"Brown University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Smith, Laurence C.","contributorId":169004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Laurence C.","affiliations":[{"id":13022,"text":"Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Spencer, Robert G.M.","contributorId":173304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spencer","given":"Robert G.M.","affiliations":[{"id":16705,"text":"Woods Hole Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Miller, Charles E.","contributorId":270237,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36392,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Butman, David","contributorId":224754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butman","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":16962,"text":"U. Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":888640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70262313,"text":"70262313 - 2023 - Response of Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma t. tigrinum) to wetland restoration in a midwestern agricultural landscape, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-22T17:19:20.260328","indexId":"70262313","displayToPublicDate":"2023-11-21T10:13:38","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9341,"text":"Ichthyology & Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma t. tigrinum) to wetland restoration in a midwestern agricultural landscape, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Since the early 1990s, > 3,000 ha of wetlands (and adjacent prairie) have been restored on the row-crop agricultural landscape of Winnebago County, Iowa, U.S.A. From 2014–2016, we surveyed 45 wetlands among 19 easements for occupancy by Eastern Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum) and used radio-telemetry to measure their patterns of movement and habitat use. Rates of occupancy increased with wetland age, from < 25% for wetlands 1–2 years old to ∼75% for wetlands > 11 years old. A two-year survey (2014 and 2015) of ten wetlands restored in 2013 showed that nine were occupied after two years; we did not find a relationship between distance to the nearest salamander population and occupancy of newly restored wetlands by salamanders. We tracked 30 salamanders after they left their breeding wetlands for an average of 69±37 d (range = 14–109 d) and relocated them a total of 393 times. Typically, once a salamander left its breeding wetland, it traveled 50–350 m over several days, found a suitable burrow, then remained for much of the rest of the season. Mean daily distances traveled by salamanders were 7.9±5.6 m (range = 0–135 m); the range of maximum straight-line distances moved was 26–659 m; only one individual salamander traveled in a statistically linear path, relative to a random walk. While ∼90% of the landscape was composed of row-crop fields, salamanders used protective grassy habitats (e.g., restored prairie, road ditches) on ∼88% of our observations. Only three salamanders used row-crop fields, and two of them were killed by heavy equipment. Regardless of the terrestrial habitat types used by salamanders, we found them underground on 336 (84.8%) of our observations.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1643/h2020083","usgsCitation":"Bartelt, P., Devries, A., and Klaver, R.W., 2023, Response of Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma t. tigrinum) to wetland restoration in a midwestern agricultural landscape, U.S.A.: Ichthyology & Herpetology, v. 111, no. 4, p. 571-583, https://doi.org/10.1643/h2020083.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"571","endPage":"583","ipdsId":"IP-116927","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480939,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Winnebago County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-93.9691,43.5044],[-93.6782,43.5047],[-93.6485,43.5045],[-93.4964,43.504],[-93.4971,43.4347],[-93.4971,43.3446],[-93.4977,43.2568],[-93.6184,43.2572],[-93.7354,43.257],[-93.853,43.2568],[-93.9699,43.2573],[-93.9705,43.3447],[-93.9699,43.4334],[-93.9691,43.5044]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Winnebago\",\"state\":\"IA\"}}]}","volume":"111","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartelt, Paul E.","contributorId":348825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartelt","given":"Paul E.","affiliations":[{"id":56262,"text":"Waldorf University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Devries, Alyse T.","contributorId":348826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Devries","given":"Alyse T.","affiliations":[{"id":56262,"text":"Waldorf University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klaver, Robert W. 0000-0002-3263-9701 bklaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":3285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Robert","email":"bklaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":923809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70241016,"text":"ofr20231015 - 2023 - Evaluating management alternatives for Wyoming elk feedgrounds in consideration of chronic wasting disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-11T20:44:17.631411","indexId":"ofr20231015","displayToPublicDate":"2023-11-17T17:35:00","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-1015","displayTitle":"Evaluating Management Alternatives for Wyoming Elk Feedgrounds in Consideration of Chronic Wasting Disease","title":"Evaluating management alternatives for Wyoming elk feedgrounds in consideration of chronic wasting disease","docAbstract":"The authors used decision and modeling analyses to evaluate management alternatives for a decision on whether to permit Cervus canadensis (elk) feeding on two sites on Bridger-Teton National Forest, Dell Creek and Forest Park. Supplemental feeding of elk could increase the transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD) locally and disease spread regionally, potentially impacting elk populations over time with wider implications for Odocoileus hemionus (mule deer) and Odocoileus virginianus (white-tailed deer) populations and hunting, tourism, and regional revenue. Supplemental feeding is thought to improve overwinter elk survival and reduce the commingling of elk with cattle during months when brucellosis transmission risk is highest. We worked with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service to identify their fundamental objectives and associated performance metrics related to this feedground decision. We then developed disease and habitat selection models to quantify the effect of four management alternatives on select performance metrics. The four alternatives were to continue to permit feeding, phaseout permits to feed in three years, permit feeding on an emergency basis, or stop permitting feeding. In this report, we present methods and summarized results on disease and habitat selection models and summaries of other performance metrics analyzed by BIO-WEST, Inc. and Cirrus Ecological Solutions as part of an Environmental Impact Statement.
Data from Wyoming Game and Fish Department (WGFD) supported the assumption that supplemental elk feeding allows for larger elk populations in a region. We documented that herd units (HU) without feedgrounds had 23 percent lower densities of elk per area of winter range when compared against HUs with feedgrounds, after accounting for differences in sightability of elk during counts on and off feedgrounds. Thus, throughout our analyses, we assumed feedground closures would reduce elk carrying capacity resulting in an average decline of previously fed elk population segments by 23 percent (5th and 95th percentiles = [11 percent, 35 percent]) by year 20. Most of that decline occurred within the first few years after a feedground ceases to operate. We used a panel of CWD experts to help estimate CWD trans-mission in fed and unfed elk population segments. In aggregate, the expert panel estimated that median values of direct and indirect transmission of CWD are expected to be 1.9 and 4 times higher, respectively, in fed elk populations compared to unfed elk. We used these disease transmission estimates in combination with local elk demographic rates and carrying capacity estimates to project disease and population dynamics.
In year 20, we predicted CWD prevalence would increase to 42 percent (5th and 95th percentiles = [29 percent, 55 percent]), and 13 percent (5th and 95th percentiles = [4 percent, 26 percent]) on average for fed and unfed elk population segments, respectively, given a starting prevalence of 1.6 percent. The prevalence estimates for the unfed elk population segments are in the range of previous observations of CWD in elk in the western United States. The average CWD prevalence from 2016 to 2018 in the unfed elk population of Wind Cave National Park in South Dakota was 18 percent overall but up to 30 percent in some regions (Sargeant and others, 2021). Meanwhile, CWD prevalence in the Iron Mountain and Laramie Peak elk herds in Wyoming from 2016 to 2018 was 14 percent and 7 percent, respectively, despite being present since at least 2002 (Wyoming Game and Fish Department, 2020b).
From 2016 to 2020, elk that were fed at Dell Creek and Forest Park constituted on average 12–20 percent of the total elk on their respective HUs. As a result, the differences between management alternatives are modest when considering the closure of only one feedground on a HU. The no feeding alternative for Forest Park resulted in a CWD prevalence of 17 percent (SD = 7 percent) in the Afton HU compared to 20 percent (SD = 7 percent) with continued feeding by year 20. In the Upper Green River HU, no feeding on Dell Creek resulted in a CWD prevalence of 27 percent (SD = 6 percent) compared to 30 percent (SD = 5 percent) with continued feeding. In terms of disease-associated mortality, we predicted the closure of Forest Park and Dell Creek feedgrounds would reduce the total number of CWD mortalities by 9 percent in the Upper Green River HU and 26 percent in the Afton HU during the 20-year timespan.
Our spatial analyses predicted that management alternative effects vary by HU as a function of private property and other wildlife winter ranges proximity relative to feedground location. The predicted number of elk abortions on private land, as a proxy for brucellosis risk to cattle, may increase by 8–21 percent in the absence of feeding at Dell Creek and Forest Park.
Eight feedgrounds are located on Bridger-Teton National Forest, all of which have permits that have expired or will expire prior to 2028. In addition, WGFD could change their management of feedgrounds given new information; therefore, we also assessed the cumulative effects of continued feeding, phaseout, and no feeding management alternatives across five HUs south of Jackson, Wyoming (Afton HU, Fall Creek HU, Piney HU, Pinedale HU, and Upper Green River HU). These five HUs ranged from about 41 to 85 percent of the elk herd using feedgrounds, which corresponded to a CWD prevalence at year 20 of 23–34 percent if all feedgrounds in those five HUs remained open relative to 12 to 14 percent if all feedgrounds were closed. We predicted feedground closures may result in immediate reductions in population size relative to alternatives that continue feeding (for example, continued feeding and emergency feeding alternatives); however, over longer periods of time, CWD-associated mortality leads to larger population reductions. The no feeding alternative resulted in higher elk population sizes compared to the continued feeding alternative after about 10 years of implementation. Delayed action under a phaseout alternative resulted in increasing the CWD prevalence to 20 percent relative to 12 to 14 percent, on average, without feeding on HUs with a large population of fed elk such as the Upper Green River HU.
Summarizing our cumulative results across all five of the analyzed HUs, we predicted continued feeding will lead to fewer elk by year 20 (mean = 8,300, standard deviation [SD] = 740) compared to no feeding at U.S. Department of Agri-culture Forest Service sites (10,700, SD = 890). The closure of all feedgrounds was projected to result in the largest elk populations at year 20 (12,500, SD = 980). No feeding at all sites also resulted in the largest cumulative harvest of 57,700 (SD = 2,600) compared to 51,100 (SD = 3,800) for continued feeding at all current feedground sites on the five HUs. Continued feeding also resulted in the lowest brucellosis costs to producers ($194,600, SD = $11,500) compared to no feeding on all feedgrounds ($243,000, SD = $13,700). Assuming moderate reductions in hunter interest because of increasing CWD prevalence in elk, we predicted that no feeding resulted in regional revenues generated by hunting activities of $190 million (SD = $10 million) compared to $173 million (SD = $10 million) for continued feeding over the 20-year timeframe.
Recent CWD detections in mule deer and elk in Grand Teton National Park has elevated the importance of the cur-rent decision on whether, and how, to permit elk feeding on Dell Creek and Forest Park and the management of the other feedgrounds. Aggressive male harvest has slowed, but not stopped, the increasing prevalence of CWD in mule deer (Conner and others, 2021). It is unclear whether harvest management can be an effective tool to slow the spread of CWD in elk. There are also no effective treatments or vaccines for CWD, and it is unlikely that any will be developed that can be easily deployed in the near future. Thus, reducing artificial aggregations is one of the few management approaches suggested by the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (Almberg and others, 2017).
Future surveillance and monitoring can be designed to resolve uncertainties that can improve future decision-making. If feedgrounds close, research could quantify elk population reductions in the absence of feeding, the redistribution of fed elk to other places, or the consequences of elk movement on private property. If feedgrounds remain open, research could assess how rapidly CWD spreads in artificial aggregations of elk; however, surveillance programs would need to be designed with sufficient power to detect initial changes of CWD prevalence. Delaying action on feedground management was projected to be costly. Results of the phaseout alternative relative to the no feeding alternative suggested a 3-year delay was enough for substantial long-term changes in CWD prevalence. The long-term persistence of infectious CWD prions in the environment suggests that feedground management decisions may have long-lasting consequences.
Our results indicated tradeoffs in the ability of a management agency to achieve all their objectives, and all management alternatives resulted in significant reductions in elk population size. This report contains the foundational elements for formal decision analysis methods, which can be implemented to help decision makers transparently evaluate the consequences of decision alternatives and identify the set of actions that best achieve agency and stakeholder priorities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20231015","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Wyoming Game and Fish Department","usgsCitation":"Cook, J.D., Cross, P.C., Tomaszewski, E.M., Cole, E.K., Campbell Grant, E.H., Wilder, J.M., and Runge, M.C., 2023, Evaluating management alternatives for Wyoming Elk feedgrounds in consideration of chronic wasting disease (ver. 2.0, November 2023): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2023–1015, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20231015.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 50 p.; Software Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-145385","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499766,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114473.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":422707,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1015/versionHist.txt","size":"4.0kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2023-1015 history file"},{"id":422706,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1015/ofr20231015.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.16 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2023-1015"},{"id":419233,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2023/1015/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":422704,"rank":2,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9R7XWO1","text":"USGS software release—","linkHelpText":"Simulating chronic wasting disease on Wyoming elk feedgrounds (version 2.0)."}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.03672229293583,\n 43.73180346838649\n ],\n [\n -111.03672229293583,\n 42.40523773968059\n ],\n [\n -109.27478197144448,\n 42.40523773968059\n ],\n [\n -109.27478197144448,\n 43.73180346838649\n ],\n [\n -111.03672229293583,\n 43.73180346838649\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: March 2023: Version 2.0: November 2023","contact":"Director, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center
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An experiment along with simulation modeling was applied to study the combinations of herbicide treatment and biological control that best limit invasive water hyacinth (Pontederia crassipes, formerly Eichhornia crassipes) in freshwater aquatic systems. The experiment consisted of 14 different treatments of P. crassipes in 1.67 m2 outdoor tank mesocosms. Seven treatments were with and seven were without insect biological control agents, Neochetina eichhorniae. In both of the sets of seven treatments, there was one no-herbicide treatment, a one-time full-strength herbicide treatment with 40 %, 80 % and 100 % coverage of the P. crassipes, and a one-time half-strength herbicide treatment with 40 %, 80 %, and 100 % surface area coverage. An overarching hypothesis was that leaving part of a tank unsprayed, providing habitat for the maintenance of biological control agents, would optimize control. Data from the experiment, measured on five days over the 167-day period, were used to calibrate a difference equation model of P. crassipes with and without the biological control agent. The model was then used to project longer term dynamics of the system. The model predicted that an initial one-time herbicide treatment, combined with application of the biocontrol agent at 80 % areal coverage, could maintain P. crassipes at levels lower than the carrying capacity of the plant's biomass over the long term, though not enough that N. eichhorniae would be considered, by itself, a highly effective control. However, the results suggest that a combination of biocontrol with 80 % spraying coverage every 600 days or so would be an effective integrated biocontrol strategy for maintaining decreased P. crassipes biomass at low levels over the long term.
Sustainable management of groundwater resources highly relies on the accurate estimation of recharge. However, accurate recharge estimation is a challenge, especially in data-scarce regions, as the existing models are data-intensive and require extensive parameterization. This study developed a process-based hydrologic model combining local and remotely sensed data for characterizing recharge in data-limited regions using a Basin Characterization Model (BCM). This study was conducted in Raya and Kobo Valleys, a semi-arid region in Northern Ethiopia, considering both the structural basin and the surrounding mountainous recharge areas. Climatic Research Unit monthly datasets for 1991 to 2020 and WaPOR actual evapotranspiration data were used. The model results show that the average annual recharge and surface runoff from 1991 to 2020 were 73 mm and 167 mm, respectively, with a substantial portion contributed along the front of the mountainous parts of the study area. The mountainous recharge occurred along and above the valleys as mountain-block and mountain-front recharge. The long-term estimates of the monthly recharge time series indicated that the water balance components follow the temporal pattern of rainfall amount. However, the relation of recharge to precipitation was nonlinearly related, showing the episodic nature of recharge in semi-arid regions. This study informed the spatial and temporal distribution of recharge and runoff hydrologic variables at fine spatial scales for each grid cell, allowing results to be summarized for various planning units, including farmlands. One third of the precipitation in the drainage basin becomes recharge and runoff, while the remaining is lost through evapotranspiration. The current study’s findings are vital for developing plans for sustainable management of water resources in semi-arid regions. Also, monthly groundwater withdrawals for agriculture should be regulated in relation to spatial and temporal recharge patterns. We conclude that combining scarce local data with global datasets and tools is a useful approach for estimating recharge to manage groundwater resources in data-scarce regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/su152215887","usgsCitation":"Mekonen, S.S., Boyce, S.E., Mohammed, A.K., Flint, L.E., Flint, A., and Disse, M., 2023, Recharge estimation approach in a data-scarce semi-arid region, Northern Ethiopian Rift Valley: Sustainability, v. 15, no. 22, 15887, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/su152215887.","productDescription":"15887, 25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-146940","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su152215887","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":426968,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Ethiopia","otherGeospatial":"Kobo Valley, Riya Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 39.36,\n 12.88\n ],\n [\n 39.36,\n 11.92\n ],\n [\n 39.84,\n 11.92\n ],\n [\n 39.84,\n 12.88\n ],\n [\n 39.36,\n 12.88\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mekonen, Sisay Simachew","contributorId":333048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mekonen","given":"Sisay","email":"","middleInitial":"Simachew","affiliations":[{"id":79717,"text":"Hydrology and River Basin Management Department, Technical University of Munich","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":897192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyce, Scott E. 0000-0003-0626-9492 seboyce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0626-9492","contributorId":4766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyce","given":"Scott","email":"seboyce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":897193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mohammed, Abdella K.","contributorId":333049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mohammed","given":"Abdella","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":79718,"text":"Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering, Arba Minch University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":897194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":306090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":66369,"text":"Earth Knowledge, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":897195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flint, Alan L 0000-0002-5118-751X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":239656,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan L","affiliations":[{"id":7065,"text":"USGS emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":897196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Disse, Markus","contributorId":333050,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Disse","given":"Markus","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":79717,"text":"Hydrology and River Basin Management Department, Technical University of Munich","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":897197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70250769,"text":"70250769 - 2023 - Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas and eDNA monitoring as tools for eradicating invasive fish from anchialine pools in Hawai‘i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T12:47:16.405249","indexId":"70250769","displayToPublicDate":"2023-11-13T06:45:27","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2655,"text":"Management of Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas and eDNA monitoring as tools for eradicating invasive fish from anchialine pools in Hawai‘i","docAbstract":"Invasive fish can profoundly affect communities they invade. In Hawai‘i, invasive fishes have become established in many anchialine pools, threatening the persistence of resident invertebrates, including several endangered species. Tools to eradicate invasive fishes from these pools are lacking. This study tested the efficacy of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas diffused into anchialine pool water as a method to eradicate invasive Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), guppies (Poecilia reticulata), and western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). We first conducted aquarium trials to identify how these fishes were affected by elevated CO2 and the concomitant reduction in pH. We then carried out field trials in pools containing these fish in one pool each at two national historical parks on the Island of Hawai‘i during July 2021–January 2022. We also developed environmental DNA (eDNA) protocols to detect fish that may have survived CO2 treatments. The effect of CO2 on fish behavior varied among species; at pH 5.3 (CO2 = 255 mg/L) for tilapia and 5.0 (CO2 = 488 mg/L) for tilapia, guppies, and mosquitofish, all generally lost their ability to swim, showed slow or no gill movement, and altered their position in the water column. No tilapia survived the trials (n = 4 and 6 individuals at pH 5.3 and 5.0, respectively). In contrast, 41.7% (n = 12) of adult guppies and 66.7% (n = 12) of adult mosquitofish survived treatment at pH 5.0. In the field we were unable to reduce anchialine pool water pH below 5.7. Regardless, we were able to eradicate tilapia from one pool over four sequential treatments. Post-treatment eDNA assessments supported visual surveys, confirming our results. We were not able to eradicate guppies and mosquitofish. Results from this study show that CO2 can be an effective tool for eradicating invasive tilapia from anchialine pools, and post-treatment eDNA assessments can provide managers with a method for evaluating the success of eradication efforts.","language":"English","publisher":"Reabic","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2023.14.4.11","usgsCitation":"Peck, R., Munnstermann, M., Hayes, M., Atkinson, C., Beavers, S., Cupp, A.R., and Banko, P.C., 2023, Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas and eDNA monitoring as tools for eradicating invasive fish from anchialine pools in Hawai‘i: Management of Biological Invasions, v. 14, no. 4, p. 749-774, https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2023.14.4.11.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"749","endPage":"774","ipdsId":"IP-155507","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441610,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access 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acupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5995-2100","contributorId":5162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cupp","given":"Aaron","email":"acupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":891345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Banko, Paul C. 0000-0002-6035-9803 pbanko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-9803","contributorId":3179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banko","given":"Paul","email":"pbanko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":891346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70250891,"text":"70250891 - 2023 - Acclimation capacity of critical thermal maximum varies among populations: Consequences for estimates of vulnerability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-11T13:35:16.999895","indexId":"70250891","displayToPublicDate":"2023-11-09T07:32:48","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acclimation capacity of critical thermal maximum varies among populations: Consequences for estimates of vulnerability","docAbstract":"Adaptive plasticity in thermal tolerance traits may buffer organisms against changing temperatures, making such responses of particular interest in the face of global climate change. Although population variation is integral to the evolvability of this trait, many studies inferring proxies of physiological vulnerability from thermal tolerance traits extrapolate data from one or a few populations to represent the species. Estimates of physiological vulnerability can be further complicated by methodological effects associated with experimental design. We evaluated how populations varied in their acclimation capacity (i.e., the magnitude of plasticity) for critical thermal maximum (CTmax) in two species of tailed frogs (Ascaphidae), cold-stream specialists. We used the estimates of acclimation capacity to infer physiological vulnerability to future warming. We performed CTmax experiments on tadpoles from 14 populations using a fully factorial experimental design of two holding temperatures (8 and 15°C) and two experimental starting temperatures (8 and 15°C). This design allowed us to investigate the acute effects of transferring organisms from one holding temperature to a different experimental starting temperature, as well as fully acclimated responses by using the same holding and starting temperature. We found that most populations exhibited beneficial acclimation, where CTmax was higher in tadpoles held at a warmer temperature, but populations varied markedly in the magnitude of the response and the inferred physiological vulnerability to future warming. We also found that the response of transferring organisms to different starting temperatures varied substantially among populations, although accounting for acute effects did not greatly alter estimates of physiological vulnerability at the species level or for most populations. These results underscore the importance of sampling widely among populations when inferring physiological vulnerability, as population variation in acclimation capacity and thermal sensitivity may be critical when assessing vulnerability to future warming.
Coral reefs are iconic ecosystems that support diverse, productive communities in both shallow and deep waters. However, our incomplete knowledge of cold-water coral (CWC) niche space limits our understanding of their distribution and precludes a complete accounting of the ecosystem services they provide. Here, we present the results of recent surveys of the CWC mound province on the Blake Plateau off the U.S. east coast, an area of intense human activity including fisheries and naval operations, and potentially energy and mineral extraction. At one site, CWC mounds are arranged in lines that total over 150 km in length, making this one of the largest reef complexes discovered in the deep ocean. This site experiences rapid and extreme shifts in temperature between 4.3 and 10.7 °C, and currents approaching 1 m s−1. Carbon is transported to depth by mesopelagic micronekton and nutrient cycling on the reef results in some of the highest nitrate concentrations recorded in the region. Predictive models reveal expanded areas of highly suitable habitat that currently remain unexplored. Multidisciplinary exploration of this new site has expanded understanding of the cold-water coral niche, improved our accounting of the ecosystem services of the reef habitat, and emphasizes the importance of properly managing these systems.
Coral reefs are iconic ecosystems that support diverse, productive communities in both shallow and deep waters. However, our incomplete knowledge of cold-water coral (CWC) niche space limits our understanding of their distribution and precludes a complete accounting of the ecosystem services they provide. Here, we present the results of recent surveys of the CWC mound province on the Blake Plateau off the U.S. east coast, an area of intense human activity including fisheries and naval operations, and potentially energy and mineral extraction. At one site, CWC mounds are arranged in lines that total over 150 km in length, making this one of the largest reef complexes discovered in the deep ocean. This site experiences rapid and extreme shifts in temperature between 4.3 and 10.7 °C, and currents approaching 1 m s−1. Carbon is transported to depth by mesopelagic micronekton and nutrient cycling on the reef results in some of the highest nitrate concentrations recorded in the region. Predictive models reveal expanded areas of highly suitable habitat that currently remain unexplored. Multidisciplinary exploration of this new site has expanded understanding of the cold-water coral niche, improved our accounting of the ecosystem services of the reef habitat, and emphasizes the importance of properly managing these systems.
Several explanations have been posited for how the plague bacterium (Yersinia pestis) reemerges during sylvatic cycles within the same foci over many years, and often without direct evidence of host die-offs. One prevalent view is that transmission-optimized Y. pestis bacteria, exhibiting epizootic/enzootic behavior, almost continually replicate and survive through repeated, linked, host-centered propagation events. These bacteria, we will refer to as “r-pestis” type ecotype(s), represent a limited number of phenotypic lineages exhibiting optimal transmissibility and high rates of reproduction. These attributes, it is thought, assure their durability through time. For continuous r-pestis type expansions to be successful, adequate numbers of fleas and hosts must become infected to produce massive numbers of bacteria. In the process, host and flea numbers decline as they succumb to plague. Here we hypothesize that r-pestis population expansions seed the environment and confront a unique, highly competitive local milieu, where natural selection favors new ecotypes that incorporate a range of emergent adaptive survival strategies. These newly adapted survivors we recognize as a range of “K-pestis” ecotypes with greater durability and lower reproduction rates. These emergent K-pestis forms may arise in succession or coexist for varying periods of time with r-pestis ecotypes, and with other K-pestis ecotypes. Among K-pestis ecotypes, we hypothesize that through adaptive radiations, some persist within flea life stages, soil, organic waste, amoebae, plants, carcasses, hosts, or within niches yet to be characterized. In some settings, after a long quiet period, when favorable, K-pestis bacteria may trigger a singular event where an r-pestis transmission stream emerges precipitating another enzootic/epizootic progression. If this hypothesis withstands rigorous testing, then Y. pestis might represent an even more formidable, enduring, and adaptable foe, where unforeseen local events could trigger new epidemic and epizootic/enzootic events threatening humans and populations of other mammals, including those of conservation concern.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.4673","usgsCitation":"Wimsatt, J., Eads, D.A., Matchett, M.R., and Biggins, D.E., 2023, Alternative lifestyles: A plague persistence hypothesis: Ecosphere, v. 14, e4673, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4673.","productDescription":"e4673, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-135732","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4673","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":422722,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wimsatt, Jeffrey","contributorId":173421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wimsatt","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":888368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eads, David A. 0000-0002-4247-017X deads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4247-017X","contributorId":173639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eads","given":"David","email":"deads@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":888369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Matchett, Marc R.","contributorId":193409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matchett","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":888370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":888371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70250002,"text":"70250002 - 2023 - Extinction risk modeling predicts range-wide differences of climate change impact on Karner blue butterfly (Lycaeides melissa samuelis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-12T13:23:11.157831","indexId":"70250002","displayToPublicDate":"2023-11-07T07:16:05","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extinction risk modeling predicts range-wide differences of climate change impact on Karner blue butterfly (Lycaeides melissa samuelis)","docAbstract":"The Karner blue butterfly (Lycaeides melissa samuelis, or Kbb), a federally endangered species under the U.S. Endangered Species Act in decline due to habitat loss, can be further threatened by climate change. Evaluating how climate shapes the population trend of the Kbb can help in the development of adaptive management plans. Current demographic models for the Kbb incorporate in either a density-dependent or density-independent manner. We instead created mixed density-dependent and -independent (hereafter “endo-exogenous”) models for Kbbs based on long-term count data of five isolated populations in the upper Midwest, United States during two flight periods (May to June and July to August) to understand how the growth rates were related to previous population densities and abiotic environmental conditions, including various macro- and micro-climatic variables. Our endo-exogenous extinction risk models showed that both density-dependent and -independent components were vital drivers of the historical population trends. However, climate change impacts were not always detrimental to Kbbs. Despite the decrease of population growth rate with higher overwinter temperatures and spring precipitations in the first generation, the growth rate increased with higher summer temperatures and precipitations in the second generation. We concluded that finer spatiotemporally scaled models could be more rewarding in guiding the decision-making process of Kbb restoration under climate change.
Alaska contains over 130 volcanoes and volcanic fields that have been active within the last 2 million years. Of these, roughly 90 have erupted during the Holocene, with many characterized by at least one large explosive eruption. These large tephra-producing eruptions (LTPEs) generate orders of magnitude more erupted material than a “typical” arc explosive eruption and distribute ash thousands of kilometers from their source. Because LTPEs occur infrequently, and the proximal explosive deposit record in Alaska is generally limited to the Holocene, we require a method that links distal deposits to a source volcano where the correlative proximal deposits from that eruption are no longer preserved. We present a model that accurately and confidently identifies LTPE volcanic sources in the Alaska-Aleutian arc using only in situ geochemistry. The model is a voting ensemble classifier comprised of six conceptually different machine learning algorithms trained on proximal tephra deposits that have had their source positively identified. We show that incompatible trace element ratios (e.g., Nb/U, Th/La, Rb/Sm) help produce a feature space that contains significantly more variance than one produced by major element concentrations, ultimately creating a model that can achieve high accuracy, precision, and recall on predicted volcanic sources, regardless of the perceived 2D data distribution (i.e., bimodal, uniform, normal) or composition (i.e., andesite, trachyte, rhyolite) of that source. Finally, we apply our model to unidentified distal marine tephra deposits in the region to better understand explosive volcanism in the Alaska-Aleutian arc, specifically its pre-Holocene spatiotemporal distribution.
The devastating Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence occurred on February 6, 2023. Two main events, Mw 7.8 and Mw 7.5 occurred 9 hours apart, affected 11 cities in Turkey, and subjected an area of ∼90,000 km2 to shaking levels known to trigger landslides (peak ground acceleration > 0.08 g). Extensive landsliding was expected given the hilly terrain affected by this significant ground shaking—about 15% of the topography is steeper than 20°—but was not initially apparent in early satellite imagery, mostly because of obscuring snow that fell just after the earthquakes. However, after a more detailed investigation using high-resolution satellite images, aerial photos, and a field survey, we confirmed that this earthquake sequence did, indeed, trigger numerous landslides. In this study, we present those findings and provide a preliminary characterization of the spatial distribution, general characteristics, and dominant types of landslides and hillslope deformation triggered by the earthquake sequence. We mapped 3673 coseismic landslides, mostly concentrated in the northern half of the impacted area. Rock falls are the most abundant landslide type, but bedrock rotational landslides, translational slides and lateral spreads are also numerous. Surface rupture through mountainous terrain caused several large, and in some cases fatal, landslides. Incipient landslides and ground cracks are also widespread, especially in the north. Lithology, spatial variability of ground shaking, and topographic relief appear to be the main variables controlling the spatial distribution of coseismic landslides. There are few detailed studies of earthquake-triggered landslides in arid and semi-arid regions such as this one, nor for such complex earthquake sequences. Therefore, this contribution provides valuable information for future hazard and modeling efforts in arid and semi-arid regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2023.107315","usgsCitation":"Gorum, T., Tanyas, H., Karabacak, F., Yilmaz, A., Girgin, S., Allstadt, K.E., Suzen, M.L., and Burgi, P.M., 2023, Preliminary documentation of coseismic ground failure triggered by the February 6, 2023 Türkiye earthquake sequence: Engineering Geology, v. 327, 107315, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2023.107315.","productDescription":"107315, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-154196","costCenters":[{"id":78686,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Seismology / Geomagnetism","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441713,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2023.107315","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":432031,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Türkiye","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 35.932228360842544,\n 35.973045074631955\n ],\n [\n 36.32983932448548,\n 36.035276602908866\n ],\n [\n 37.86857056743534,\n 36.93821829196732\n ],\n [\n 39.69683217133675,\n 38.08156302992195\n ],\n [\n 38.989854338718345,\n 38.71377557689037\n ],\n [\n 38.469848249680496,\n 38.706777354491024\n ],\n [\n 36.898499605659964,\n 37.862404413864304\n ],\n [\n 35.469730632443316,\n 36.25972563387165\n ],\n [\n 35.932228360842544,\n 35.973045074631955\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"327","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gorum, Tolga 0000-0001-9407-7946","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9407-7946","contributorId":341389,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gorum","given":"Tolga","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81732,"text":"Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tanyas, Hakan","contributorId":198731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanyas","given":"Hakan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":908339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karabacak, Furkan 0000-0001-5838-3196","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-3196","contributorId":341390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karabacak","given":"Furkan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81732,"text":"Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yilmaz, Abdussamet 0000-0002-8707-8649","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8707-8649","contributorId":341391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yilmaz","given":"Abdussamet","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81732,"text":"Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Girgin, Serkan 0000-0002-0156-185X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0156-185X","contributorId":341392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Girgin","given":"Serkan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81733,"text":"University of Twente, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), Enschede, Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Allstadt, Kate E. 0000-0003-4977-5248","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4977-5248","contributorId":138704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allstadt","given":"Kate","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":908343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Suzen, M. Lutfi 0000-0003-0865-2022","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0865-2022","contributorId":341393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suzen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lutfi","affiliations":[{"id":81734,"text":"Middle East Technical University, Geological Engineering Department, Ankara, Turkey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Burgi, Paula Madeline 0000-0003-3001-5759","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3001-5759","contributorId":317875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgi","given":"Paula","email":"","middleInitial":"Madeline","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":908345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70249866,"text":"70249866 - 2023 - Spatially interactive modeling of land change identifies location-specific adaptations most likely to lower future flood risk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-02T14:02:20.152878","indexId":"70249866","displayToPublicDate":"2023-11-01T08:51:41","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatially interactive modeling of land change identifies location-specific adaptations most likely to lower future flood risk","docAbstract":"Impacts of sea level rise will last for centuries; therefore, flood risk modeling must transition from identifying risky locations to assessing how populations can best cope. We present the first spatially interactive (i.e., what happens at one location affects another) land change model (FUTURES 3.0) that can probabilistically predict urban growth while simulating human migration and other responses to flooding, essentially depicting the geography of impact and response. Accounting for human migration reduced total amounts of projected developed land exposed to flooding by 2050 by 5%–24%, depending on flood hazard zone (50%–0.2% annual probability). We simulated various “what-if” scenarios and found managed retreat to be the only intervention with predicted exposure below baseline conditions. In the business-as-usual scenario, existing and future development must be either protected or abandoned to cope with future flooding. Our open framework can be applied to different regions and advances local to regional-scale efforts to evaluate potential risks and tradeoffs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41598-023-46195-9","usgsCitation":"Sanchez, G.M., Petrasova, A., Skrip, M.M., Collins, E., Lawrimore, M.A., Vogler, J.B., Terando, A., Vukomanovic, J., Mitasova, H., and Meentemeyer, R.K., 2023, Spatially interactive modeling of land change identifies location-specific adaptations most likely to lower future flood risk: Scientific Reports, v. 13, 18869, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-46195-9.","productDescription":"18869, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-144281","costCenters":[{"id":40926,"text":"Southeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441720,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-46195-9","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":422331,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","county":"Berkeley County, 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0000-0002-9280-043X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9280-043X","contributorId":205908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terando","given":"Adam","affiliations":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":887448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Vukomanovic, Jelena","contributorId":316275,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vukomanovic","given":"Jelena","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mitasova, Helena 0000-0002-6906-3398","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6906-3398","contributorId":296416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitasova","given":"Helena","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Meentemeyer, Ross K.","contributorId":179341,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meentemeyer","given":"Ross","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70256583,"text":"70256583 - 2023 - Evaluating a tandem human-machine approach to labelling of wildlife in remote camera monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-19T17:12:14.545459","indexId":"70256583","displayToPublicDate":"2023-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1457,"text":"Ecological Informatics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating a tandem human-machine approach to labelling of wildlife in remote camera monitoring","docAbstract":"Remote cameras (“trail cameras”) are a popular tool for non-invasive, continuous wildlife monitoring, and as they become more prevalent in wildlife research, machine learning (ML) is increasingly used to automate or accelerate the labor-intensive process of labelling (i.e., tagging) photos. Human-machine hybrid tagging approaches have been shown to greatly increase tagging efficiency (i.e., time to tag a single image). However, those potential increases hinge on the extent to which an ML model makes correct vs. incorrect predictions. We performed an experiment using a ML model that produces bounding boxes around animals, people, and vehicles in remote camera imagery (MegaDetector) to consider the impact of a ML model’s performance on its ability to accelerate human labeling. Six participants tagged trail camera images collected from 12 sites in Vermont and Maine, USA (January–September 2022) using three tagging methods (one with ML bounding box assistance and two without assistance). We used a generalized linear mixed model to examine the influence of ML model performance and tagging method on tagging efficiency. We found that ML bounding boxes offer significant improvement in tagging efficiency when labelling data compared to unassisted tagging. Additionally, the time taken to label with bounding boxes was not statistically different from an unassisted tagging approach. However, we found that gains in efficiency are contingent on the ML algorithm’s performance and that incorrect ML predictions, particularly the 4.2% false positive and 3.6% false negative predictions, can slow the tagging process compared to a non-hybrid approach. These findings indicate that although practitioners usually forgo the production of bounding boxes when selecting a data labelling process due to the increased effort, ML bounding box-assisted tagging can offer an efficient method for labeling. More broadly, ML-assisted data labelling offers an opportunity to accelerate the analysis of trail camera imagery, but an assessment of the ML model’s performance can illuminate whether the hybrid-tagging approach is ultimately a help or hinderance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoinf.2023.102257","usgsCitation":"Clarfeld, L., Sirén, A., Mulhall, B.M., Wilson, T.L., Bernier, E., Farrell, J., Lunde, G., Hardy, N., Gieder, K.D., Abrams, R., Staats, S., McLellan, S., and Donovan, T.M., 2023, Evaluating a tandem human-machine approach to labelling of wildlife in remote camera monitoring: Ecological Informatics, v. 77, e102257, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2023.102257.","productDescription":"e102257, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-154285","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441728,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2023.102257","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":432887,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine, 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Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Abrams, Robert","contributorId":341245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abrams","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37389,"text":"U.S. Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Staats, Sue","contributorId":341246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Staats","given":"Sue","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37389,"text":"U.S. Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"McLellan, Scott","contributorId":341247,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLellan","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81720,"text":"Maine Dept of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Donovan, Therese M. 0000-0001-8124-9251 tdonovan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8124-9251","contributorId":204296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"Therese","email":"tdonovan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":908139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70249954,"text":"70249954 - 2023 - Trade-offs in adapting to changes in climate, land use, and water availability in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-08T13:10:34.648155","indexId":"70249954","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-31T07:08:47","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1468,"text":"Ecology and Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trade-offs in adapting to changes in climate, land use, and water availability in California","docAbstract":"Changes in land use and land cover, water systems, and climate are inextricably linked, and their combined stresses have had severe impacts in many regions worldwide. Integrated adaptation planning can support adaptive capacity by helping institutions manage land and water resources at regional to local scales. Linkages between these stressors mean that planners are often faced with potential trade-offs, and how to couple social and environmental sustainability remains a key question. We explore these questions in California’s Central Coast, a region that is already experiencing serious water shortages, housing shortages, rapid expansion of perennial agriculture, and severe droughts that are projected to become worse with climate change. Linked models of land use change (the Land Use and Carbon + Water Simulator [LUCAS-W]), water resources (LUCAS-W), and climate (the Basin Characterization Model [BCM]) produced forecasts of exposure to regional changes at 270-m resolution. We worked with regional stakeholders to develop a matrix of nine vulnerability measures that assessed key sensitivities to these changes. Each vulnerability measure combined one of the three exposure projections with spatial datasets representing one of three sensitivity communities (agricultural, domestic, or ecological). We assessed how five scenarios of land-use and water management strategies under consideration by regional planners could provide institutional, top-down adaptive capacity, and whether there were trade-offs in sustainable development goals for these communities. We found that specific land and water management strategies could greatly reduce regional vulnerability, particularly programs to cap water extractions to sustainable levels. The most dramatic trade-off was between the strategy of water demand caps that increased risk of habitat loss and ecosystem preservation that increased water vulnerability. However, trade-offs were usually limited and spatially localized, suggesting local tailoring of the strategies we assessed could reduce them. Trade-offs were more frequent across exposure classes (land use vs. water vs. climate changes) rather than sensitivity classes (agricultural vs. domestic vs. ecological communities), suggesting win-win opportunities for natural resource management. Our vulnerability maps can inform prioritization efforts for local adaptation planning.","language":"English","publisher":"Resilience Alliance","doi":"10.5751/ES-14261-280409","usgsCitation":"Van Schmidt, N.D., Wilson, T., Flint, L.E., and Langridge, R., 2023, Trade-offs in adapting to changes in climate, land use, and water availability in California: Ecology and Society, v. 28, no. 4, 9, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-14261-280409.","productDescription":"9, 61 p.","ipdsId":"IP-147802","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441733,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5751/es-14261-280409","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XQVEL4","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Agricultural, domestic, and ecological vulnerability of California's Central Coast to projected changes in land-use, water sustainability, and climate by 2061 under five scenarios"},{"id":422452,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.46603329605212,\n 35.95656762627986\n ],\n [\n -121.46603329605212,\n 34.0944197674509\n ],\n [\n -118.01632626480222,\n 34.0944197674509\n ],\n [\n -118.01632626480222,\n 35.95656762627986\n ],\n [\n -121.46603329605212,\n 35.95656762627986\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Schmidt, Nathan D. 0000-0002-5973-7934","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5973-7934","contributorId":240648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Schmidt","given":"Nathan","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":32898,"text":"U.C. Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Tamara 0000-0001-7399-7532 tswilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7399-7532","contributorId":2975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Tamara","email":"tswilson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":887802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":306090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":66369,"text":"Earth Knowledge, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Langridge, R. 0000-0002-1036-4559","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1036-4559","contributorId":306091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Langridge","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27155,"text":"University of California Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":887804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70249899,"text":"70249899 - 2023 - Monitoring population-level foraging distribution of a marine migratory species from land: Strengths and weaknesses of the isotopic approach on the Northwest Atlantic loggerhead turtle aggregation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-04T13:36:45.459948","indexId":"70249899","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-27T08:35:02","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3912,"text":"Frontiers in Marine Science","onlineIssn":"2296-7745","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring population-level foraging distribution of a marine migratory species from land: Strengths and weaknesses of the isotopic approach on the Northwest Atlantic loggerhead turtle aggregation","docAbstract":"Assessing the linkage between breeding and non-breeding areas has important implications for understanding the fundamental biology of and conserving animal species. This is a challenging task for marine species, and in sea turtles a combination of stable isotope analysis (SIA) and satellite telemetry has been increasingly used. The Northwest Atlantic (NWA) loggerhead (Caretta caretta) Regional Management Unit, one of the largest sea turtle populations in the world, provides an excellent opportunity to investigate key biological patterns as well as methodological aspects related to the use of stable isotopes to infer spatial distribution of turtles in foraging areas. We provide the first comprehensive assessment of the annual distribution of NWA adult female loggerheads among foraging areas and investigate the efficacy of various analytical approaches as well as the effect of sample size in these types of studies. A total of 5168 individual females were sampled from seven Management Units (MUs) between 2013-2018. We provide the first estimate of the proportion of females originating from each MU that uses each foraging area and show how this proportion varies over time. We also estimate the relative importance (in terms of number of turtles) of each foraging area to the overall loggerhead breeding aggregation nesting in Florida and in the NWA for each year of the study. The foraging area used by reproductively active females differs considerably across MUs. One of these, the Subtropical NWA, is by far the most important foraging area in terms of both number of individuals and genetic diversity, and therefore this region may be considered as a conservation priority. Through simulations, we show that limited sizes of sample groups (unknowns; training; priors) may result in false geographic differentiation and consequently mislead interpretations. We provide thresholds and methodological recommendations for future studies. This study establishes a fundamental baseline for monitoring the annual contribution of foraging area to a terrestrial-based breeding aggregation of a marine animal in a cost-effective way. This type of monitoring allows for early detection of changes in foraging distributions—a possible effect of climate change on marine ecosystems or of area-specific anthropogenic threats.
Excess sediment is a common reason water bodies in the USA become listed as impaired resulting in total maximum daily loads (TMDL) that require municipalities to invest millions of dollars annually on management practices aimed at reducing suspended-sediment loads (SSLs), yet monitoring data are rarely used to quantify SSLs and track TMDL progress. A monitoring network was created to quantify the SSL from the City of Roanoke, Virginia, USA (CoR), to the Roanoke River and Tinker Creek and help guide TMDL assessment and implementation. Suspended-sediment concentrations were estimated between 2020 and 2022 from high-frequency turbidity data using surrogate linear-regression models. Sixty-one percent of the total three-year SSL resulted from five large storm events. The average suspended-sediment yield from the CoR (58.1 metric tons/km2/year) was similar to other urban watersheds in the Eastern United States; however, the yield was nearly five times larger than the TMDL allocation (12.2 metric tons/km2/year). The TMDL allocated load was modeled based on a predominantly forested reference watershed and may not be a practical target for highly impervious watersheds within the CoR. The TMDL model used daily input data which likely does not capture the full range of SSLs during storm events, particularly from flashy urban streams. The average SSL following the five large storm events doubled that of the CoR’s annual allocated load from the TMDL. The results of this study highlight the importance of using high-frequency monitoring data to accurately estimate SSLs and evaluate TMDLs in urban areas.
Outbreaks of coral disease have been a dominant force shaping western Atlantic coral-reef assemblages since the late 1970s. Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) is nonetheless having an unprecedented impact in the region. Whereas numerous studies over the last decade have worked to characterize this novel pathogen and its impacts on coral populations, few have quantified its functional effects on reef ecosystems. Of particular importance is how SCTLD may be impacting the essential reef-accretion process and the myriad ecosystem services it supports. Here, we evaluated the impact of SCTLD on reef-accretion potential by estimating carbonate budgets and taxon-level carbonate production at 43 sites throughout the Florida Keys from 2016−2022. Average regional reef-accretion potential declined from an already low, but positive rate of 0.30 ± 0.16 mm y-1 (mean ± standard error) in 2016 before the disease was first observed, to a state of accretionary stasis (0.08 ± 0.12 mm y-1) by 2022. This 70% relative decline in reef-accretion potential was driven by the loss of reef-building corals, with significant decreases in carbonate production by massive taxa including Colpophyllia natans, Montastraea cavernosa, Pseudodiploria strigosa, Orbicella spp., and Siderastrea siderea, and increasing contributions from less susceptible, weedy taxa including Millepora spp., Agaricia spp., and Porites astreoides. In general, changes in taxon-level carbonate production following the SCTLD outbreak mirror long-term shifts in reef assemblages in response to previous stressors. One striking exception, however, is S. siderea, which had become increasingly dominant in recent decades, but declined significantly in response to SCTLD. Overall, by further decimating the already depauperate reef-building coral populations in the Florida Keys, SCTLD has caused a functionally significant shift in the composition of Florida’s coral-reef assemblages and accelerated the loss of regional reef-building capacity. The dire impacts of the disease in south Florida may serve as an early warning that the persistence of the invaluable ecological and socioeconomic functions coral reefs provide will be increasingly threatened throughout the western Atlantic in the aftermath of SCTLD.
Thiamine (vitamin B1) is required by all living organisms in multiple metabolic pathways. It is scarce in natural systems, and deficiency can lead to reproductive failure, neurological issues, and death. One major cause of thiamine deficiency is an overreliance on diet items containing the enzyme thiaminase. Thiaminase activity has been noted in many prey fishes and linked to cohort failure in salmonid predators that eat prey fish with thiaminase activity, yet it is generally unknown whether evolutionary history, fish traits, and/or environmental conditions lead to production of thiaminase. We conducted literature and GenBank BLAST sequence searches to collect thiaminase activity data and sequence homology data in expressed protein sequences for 300 freshwater and marine fishes. We then tested whether presence or absence of thiaminase could be predicted by evolutionary relationships, trophic level, omega-3 fatty acid concentrations, habitat, climate, invasive potential, and body size. There was no evolutionary relationship with thiaminase activity. It first appears in Class Actinoptergyii (bony ray-finned fishes) and is present across the entire Actinoptergyii phylogeny in both primitive and derived fish orders. Instead, ecological factors explained the most variation in thiaminase: fishes were more likely to express thiaminase if they fed closer to the base of the food web, were high in polyunsaturated fatty acids, lived in freshwater, and were from tropical climates. These data provide a foundation for understanding sources of thiaminase leading to thiamine deficiency in fisheries and other organisms, including humans that eat uncooked fish.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1038/s41598-023-44654-x","usgsCitation":"Rowland, F.E., Richter, C.A., Tillitt, D.E., and Walters, D., 2023, Evolutionary and ecological correlates of thiaminase in fishes: Scientific Reports, v. 13, no. 1, 18147, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-44654-x.","productDescription":"18147, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-140637","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":441783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-44654-x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":426969,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowland, Freya Elizabeth 0000-0002-1041-5301","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1041-5301","contributorId":302395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"Freya","email":"","middleInitial":"Elizabeth","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":897188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richter, Cathy A. 0000-0001-7322-4206 crichter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7322-4206","contributorId":1878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Cathy","email":"crichter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":897190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E","contributorId":334992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[{"id":12545,"text":"USGS retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":897189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walters, David 0000-0002-4237-2158","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4237-2158","contributorId":205921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":897191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70250939,"text":"70250939 - 2023 - Submersed macrophyte density regulates aquatic greenhouse gas emissions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-13T15:19:20.021644","indexId":"70250939","displayToPublicDate":"2023-10-23T09:16:54","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9326,"text":"JGR Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Submersed macrophyte density regulates aquatic greenhouse gas emissions","docAbstract":"Shallow freshwater ecosystems emit large amounts of greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), yet emissions are highly variable. The role that aquatic macrophytes play in regulating aquatic GHG emissions is uncertain despite their ability to dominate shallow waterbodies. Here, we studied the effects of submersed macrophyte (Ceratophyllum demersum) density on CO2 and CH4 concentrations and fluxes. We conducted a 61-days experiment using mesocosms containing one of the following C. demersum density treatments: 0, 10, 20, or 30 individual shoots (n = 3). We found that high density C. demersum had the highest CO2 and CH4 surface water concentrations and emissions while there was no significant difference in CH4 in the low and medium densities and no plant control. The high density treatment lost biomass over the course of the experiment, indicating die-off and additions of organic matter to the sediment. High organic matter loading and low dissolved oxygen likely stimulated GHG production in the high density treatment. Our results emphasize that submersed macrophyte density and periods of growth and dieback are important in regulating GHG emissions, which may help explain why shallow waterbodies are high yet variable sources of GHGs to the atmosphere.
The Mekong River provides water, food security, and many other valuable benefits to the more than 60 million Southeast Asian residents living within its basin. However, the Mekong River Basin is increasingly stressed by changes in climate, land cover, and infrastructure. These changes can affect water quantity and quality and exacerbate related hazards such as land subsidence and saltwater intrusion, resulting in multiple compounding risks for neighboring communities. In this study, we demonstrate the connection between climate change, groundwater availability, and social vulnerability by linking the results of a numerical groundwater model to land cover and socioeconomic data at the Cambodia-Vietnam border in the Mekong River Delta region. We simulated changes in groundwater availability across 20 years and identified areas of potential water stress based on domestic and agriculture-related freshwater demands. We then assessed adaptive capacity to understand how communities may be able to respond to this stress to better understand the growing risk of groundwater scarcity driven by climate change and overextraction. This study offers a novel approach for assessing risk of groundwater scarcity by linking the effects of climate change to the socioeconomic context in which they occur. Increasing our understanding of how changes in groundwater availability may affect local populations can help water managers better plan for the future, leading to more resilient communities.