Hydrologic processes are often important determinants of successful recruitment of native fishes. However, water management practices can result in abnormal changes in daily and seasonal hydrology patterns. Rarely has fish recruitment across river–reservoir landscapes been considered in relation to flow management, despite the direct relationship between reservoir water management and the resulting upstream and downstream hydrology. We evaluated the relationships between lotic and lentic hydrology and recruitment of two native broadcast-spawning fishes, Freshwater Drum Aplodinotus grunniens and Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum. Four seasonal periods for each species were identified that related to the species’ spawning biology, from which we derived our remaining hydrology variables. Annual hydrology variables were also considered in our analysis. We developed regression models in conjunction with a model-selection procedure for each species and habitat type based on the catch-curve residuals from fish populations in hydrologically connected river–reservoir systems in the Ozark Highland and Ouachita Mountain ecoregions, USA. Our results indicated that recruitment of reservoir Freshwater Drum was negatively correlated to annual reservoir retention time. In lotic habitats, Freshwater Drum recruitment was positively correlated with prespawn discharge conditions and negatively correlated with annual flow variability. Similarly, riverine Gizzard Shad recruitment was positively correlated to the frequency of high-flow pulses during the spawning period. Our results indicate that releasing reservoir water to best mimic relatively natural flow patterns may benefit some broadcast-spawning species that occupy both lentic and downstream lotic environments, especially during the spring. This information, combined with future efforts on additional spawning guilds, will provide a foundation for developing holistic river–reservoir water-allocation plans.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10692","usgsCitation":"Dattilo, J., Brewer, S.K., and Shoup, D., 2021, Flow dynamics influence fish recruitment in hydrologically connected river-reservoir landscapes: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 41, no. 6, p. 1752-1763, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10692.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1752","endPage":"1763","ipdsId":"IP-096322","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395372,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri, Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Elk River, Grand Lake O’ the Cherokee, Kiamichi River, Sardis Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.372314453125,\n 36.43012234551576\n ],\n [\n -93.80126953124999,\n 36.43012234551576\n ],\n [\n -93.80126953124999,\n 37.142803443716836\n ],\n [\n -95.372314453125,\n 37.142803443716836\n ],\n [\n -95.372314453125,\n 36.43012234551576\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.95458984375,\n 33.779147331286474\n ],\n [\n -94.493408203125,\n 33.779147331286474\n ],\n [\n -94.493408203125,\n 34.488447837809304\n ],\n [\n -95.95458984375,\n 34.488447837809304\n ],\n [\n -95.95458984375,\n 33.779147331286474\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dattilo, J.","contributorId":274267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dattilo","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brewer, Shannon K. 0000-0002-1537-3921 skbrewer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1537-3921","contributorId":2252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"Shannon","email":"skbrewer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shoup, D. E.","contributorId":242905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shoup","given":"D. E.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70224579,"text":"70224579 - 2021 - Marine distribution and foraging habitat highlight potential threats at sea for Endangered Bermuda Petrel Pterodroma cahow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-29T13:45:54.460103","indexId":"70224579","displayToPublicDate":"2021-08-26T08:45:16","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1497,"text":"Endangered Species Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Marine distribution and foraging habitat highlight potential threats at sea for Endangered Bermuda Petrel Pterodroma cahow","title":"Marine distribution and foraging habitat highlight potential threats at sea for Endangered Bermuda Petrel Pterodroma cahow","docAbstract":"Marine spatial planning relies on detailed spatial information of marine areas to ensure effective conservation of species. To enhance our understanding of marine habitat use by the highly pelagic Bermuda petrel Pterodroma cahow, we deployed GPS tags on 6 chick-rearing adults in April 2019 and constructed a habitat suitability model using locations classified as foraging to explore functional responses to a selection of marine environmental variables. We defined 15 trips for 5 individuals, ranging from 1-6 trips per bird, that included both short and long foraging excursions indicative of a dual foraging strategy that optimizes chick feeding and self maintenance. The maximum distance birds flew from Bermuda during foraging trips ranged from 61 to 2513 km (total trip lengths: 186-14051 km). Behaviourally deduced foraging habitat was best predicted at shorter distances from the colony, under warmer sea surface temperature, greater sea surface height, and in deeper water compared to transiting locations; our model results indicated that suitable foraging habitat exists beyond the core home range of the population, as far north as the highly productive Gulf Stream frontal system, and within the territorial waters of both the USA and Canada. Our results are crucial to inform management decisions and international conservation efforts by better identifying potential threats encountered at sea by this globally rare seabird and highlighting jurisdictions potentially responsible for mitigating those threats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/esr01139","usgsCitation":"Raine, A., Gjerdrum, C., Pratte, I., Madeiros, J., Felis, J.J., and Adams, J., 2021, Marine distribution and foraging habitat highlight potential threats at sea for Endangered Bermuda Petrel Pterodroma cahow: Endangered Species Research, v. 45, p. 337-356, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01139.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"356","ipdsId":"IP-124810","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01139","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":389951,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Bermuda, Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Nonsuch Island, Horn Rock","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -63.54492187500001,\n 31.39115752282472\n ],\n [\n -49.7021484375,\n 43.77109381775651\n ],\n [\n -46.8896484375,\n 48.86471476180277\n ],\n [\n -55.06347656249999,\n 45.182036837015886\n ],\n [\n -61.962890625,\n 43.004647127794435\n ],\n [\n -69.345703125,\n 40.613952441166596\n ],\n [\n -72.99316406249999,\n 38.34165619279595\n ],\n [\n -72.99316406249999,\n 34.34343606848294\n ],\n [\n -66.4013671875,\n 30.90222470517144\n ],\n [\n -63.54492187500001,\n 31.39115752282472\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"45","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raine, André F","contributorId":266026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raine","given":"André F","affiliations":[{"id":54862,"text":"Archipelago Research and Conservation, Kauai, Hawai’i 96716, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gjerdrum, Carina","contributorId":266027,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gjerdrum","given":"Carina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54863,"text":"Canadian Wildlife Service, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B2Y 2N6, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pratte, Isabeau","contributorId":266028,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pratte","given":"Isabeau","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54863,"text":"Canadian Wildlife Service, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B2Y 2N6, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Madeiros, Jeremy","contributorId":196171,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Madeiros","given":"Jeremy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":824152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Felis, Jonathan J. 0000-0002-0608-8950 jfelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0608-8950","contributorId":4825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Felis","given":"Jonathan","email":"jfelis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":824153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Adams, Josh 0000-0003-3056-925X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-925X","contributorId":213442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Josh","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":824154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70223424,"text":"70223424 - 2021 - Coalescent methods reconstruct contributions of natural colonization and stocking to origins of Michigan inland Cisco (Coregonus artedi)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T15:57:22.646685","indexId":"70223424","displayToPublicDate":"2021-08-25T10:21:11","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Coalescent methods reconstruct contributions of natural colonization and stocking to origins of Michigan inland Cisco (Coregonus artedi)","title":"Coalescent methods reconstruct contributions of natural colonization and stocking to origins of Michigan inland Cisco (Coregonus artedi)","docAbstract":"Fish population structure in previously glaciated regions is often influenced by natural colonization processes and human-mediated dispersal, including fish stocking. Endemic populations are of conservation interest because they may contain rare and unique genetic variation. While coregonines are native to certain Michigan inland lakes, some were stocked with fish from Great Lakes sources, calling into question the origin of extant populations. While most stocking targeted lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), cisco (C. artedi) were also stocked from the Great Lakes to inland waterbodies. We used population genetic data (microsatellite genotypes and mitochondrial (mt)DNA sequences), coalescent modeling, and approximate Bayesian computation to investigate the origins of 12 inland Michigan cisco populations. The spatial distribution of mtDNA haplotypes suggests Michigan is an introgression zone for two ancestral cisco lineages associated with separate glacial refugia. Low levels of genetic diversity and high levels of genetic divergence were observed for populations located well inland of the Great Lakes relative to populations occupying waterbodies near the Great Lakes. Estimates of recent Great Lakes gene flow ranged from 27 to 48% for populations near the Great Lakes shoreline but were substantially lower (under 8%) for populations further inland. Inland lakes with elevated recent gene flow estimates may have been recipients of stocked coregonine fry, including cisco. Low levels of genetic diversity paired with a high likelihood of endemism as indicated by strong genetic divergence and low Great Lakes population inputs suggest the analyzed cisco populations occupying southern Michigan kettle lakes are of elevated conservation interest.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2021.08.008","usgsCitation":"Homola, J.J., Robinson, J.D., Kanefsky, J., Stott, W., Whelan, G., and Scribner, K.T., 2021, Coalescent methods reconstruct contributions of natural colonization and stocking to origins of Michigan inland Cisco (Coregonus artedi): Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 47, no. 6, p. 1781-1792, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2021.08.008.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1781","endPage":"1792","ipdsId":"IP-124168","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388588,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.505859375,\n 41.47566020027821\n ],\n [\n -81.38671875,\n 41.47566020027821\n ],\n [\n -81.38671875,\n 46.830133640447386\n ],\n [\n -88.505859375,\n 46.830133640447386\n ],\n [\n -88.505859375,\n 41.47566020027821\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Homola, Jared J.","contributorId":264547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Homola","given":"Jared","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, John D","contributorId":264810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kanefsky, Jeannette","contributorId":243198,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kanefsky","given":"Jeannette","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stott, Wendylee 0000-0002-5252-4901 wstott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5252-4901","contributorId":191249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stott","given":"Wendylee","email":"wstott@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":822015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whelan, Gary","contributorId":146115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whelan","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16584,"text":"Fisheries Division, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, P.O. Box 30446, Lansing, MI 48909","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Scribner, Kim T","contributorId":264811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70223450,"text":"70223450 - 2021 - An experimental evaluation of the efficacy of imaging flow cytometry (FlowCam) for detecting invasive Dreissened and Corbiculid bivalve veligers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-10T16:40:28.007302","indexId":"70223450","displayToPublicDate":"2021-08-25T10:16:39","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2592,"text":"Lake and Reservoir Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An experimental evaluation of the efficacy of imaging flow cytometry (FlowCam) for detecting invasive Dreissened and Corbiculid bivalve veligers","docAbstract":"Zebra (Dreissena polymorpha) and quagga (D. bugensis) mussels, first introduced from central Asia into the Great Lakes of North America in the late 1980s, have crossed the continental divide and more recently spread across western North America. At the same time, several new technologies have been developed for the early detection of dreissenids, including the FlowCam, a digital imaging-in-flow instrument, intended to detect dreissenid planktonic larvae (veligers). However, the efficacy of this technology has rarely been tested. We experimentally evaluated the FlowCam’s ability to capture identifiable images of quagga mussel veligers under 2 different types of conditions: (i) deionized water, and (ii) Columbia River Basin water (CRBW), including natural sediment and native plankton. We further evaluated the FlowCam’s ability to distinguish between dreissenid veligers and corbiculid veligers (Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea). We interpret our results to indicate that the FlowCam can consistently detect dreissenid veligers across a range of veliger densities. Moreover, the presence of other plankton and detritus only slightly affected dreissenid detection by the FlowCam. However, the orientation of individual bivalve veligers as they were imaged by the FlowCam precluded specific identification of a substantial proportion (24.8%) of veligers as either dreissenid or corbiculid. We suggest that the FlowCam is an important detection tool best utilized as part of a multifaceted approach, including traditional microscopy and possibly environmental DNA.
","language":"English","publisher":"Tayor and Francis Group","doi":"10.1080/10402381.2021.1961176","usgsCitation":"Hassett, W., Zimmerman, J., Rollwagen-Bollens, G., Bollens, S.M., and Counihan, T., 2021, An experimental evaluation of the efficacy of imaging flow cytometry (FlowCam) for detecting invasive Dreissened and Corbiculid bivalve veligers: Lake and Reservoir Management, v. 37, no. 4, p. 406-417, https://doi.org/10.1080/10402381.2021.1961176.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"406","endPage":"417","ipdsId":"IP-073274","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388587,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hassett, Whitney","contributorId":190161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hassett","given":"Whitney","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":822048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimmerman, Julie","contributorId":190163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Julie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":822049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rollwagen-Bollens, Gretchen","contributorId":190162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rollwagen-Bollens","given":"Gretchen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":822050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bollens, Stephen M. 0000-0001-9214-9037","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9214-9037","contributorId":148958,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bollens","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Counihan, Timothy D. 0000-0003-4967-6514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4967-6514","contributorId":207532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counihan","given":"Timothy D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":822052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70224316,"text":"70224316 - 2021 - Amphibian population responses to mitigation: Relative importance of wetland age and design","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-21T12:09:01.99763","indexId":"70224316","displayToPublicDate":"2021-08-23T07:05:25","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Amphibian population responses to mitigation: Relative importance of wetland age and design","docAbstract":"Wetland creation is a common practice to mitigate for the loss of natural wetlands. However, there is still uncertainty about how effectively created wetlands replace habitat provided by natural wetlands. This uncertainty is due in part because post-construction monitoring of biological communities, and vertebrates especially, is rare and typically short-term (<5 years). We estimated occupancy of 4 amphibian species in 8 created mitigation wetlands, 7 impacted wetlands, and 7 reference wetlands in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem in Wyoming, USA. Mitigation wetlands were created to replace wetland habitat that was lost during road construction and ranged in age from 1 to 10 years when sampled. Impacted wetlands were natural wetlands partially filled by road construction and were adjacent to a highway. We sampled for amphibian larvae during 6 summers from 2013 to 2020 and used multi-species occupancy models that estimated detection and occupancy of each of 4 amphibian species to determine how amphibian responses changed over time, especially in mitigation wetlands. Occupancy did not differ between impacted and reference wetlands for any of the 4 amphibian species. Western Toads (Anaxyrus boreas) were most common (although briefly) in created wetlands, and occupancy of Columbia Spotted Frogs (Rana luteiventris), Western Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium), and Boreal Chorus Frogs (Pseudacris maculata) was lower in created wetlands than in impacted or reference wetlands. Individual wetland area was positively associated with occupancy for all 4 species and wetland vegetation cover was positively associated with Boreal Chorus Frog and Columbia Spotted Frog occupancy; these results emphasize the importance of design characteristics when planning mitigation wetlands. The link between wetland age and occupancy was complex and included threshold and quadratic relationships for three of the four species, but only Boreal Chorus Frog occupancy was still increasing slowly at the end of our study. Our results indicate created wetlands did not attain the suitability of impacted and natural wetlands for local amphibians, even several years after construction. The complex relationships between wetland age and species-specific occupancy illustrate the importance of long-term monitoring in describing population responses to the construction of wetlands as mitigation for wetland loss.
Native plants are the true green infrastructure we rely on for healthy, resilient, and biodiverse ecosystems. They protect us against climate change and natural disasters; create habitat for wildlife, rare species, and pollinators; and are vital for carbon sequestration. Without native plants, especially their seeds, we do not have the ability to restore functional ecosystems after natural disasters and mitigate the effects of climate change. Investing now in coordinated, research-driven native seed production is an efficient and cost-effective nature-based solution for improving ecosystem resilience in the face of the climate and extinction crisis. Federal government agencies (see list on page 13 and their partners are collaborating to increase the supply of native seeds for restoration through the National Seed Strategy for Rehabilitation and Restoration (National Seed Strategy) to get the right seed in the right place at the right time. The National Seed Strategy is a public-private collaboration to increase the supply of native seeds for restoration projects to ensure ecosystem resilience and the health and prosperity of future generations. Developed by the Plant Conservation Alliance (PCA) in 2015, the National Seed Strategy harnesses cross sector botanical expertise, supports rural, agricultural, minority, and tribal livelihoods, and provides training opportunities to our next generation of natural resource professionals to maintain and preserve our iconic habitats. This science-driven national effort is integral to the Nation’s conservation priorities, including the commitment to conserve 30% of America’s lands and waters by 2030 as outlined in Executive Order 14008 on Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad. Moreover, the National Seed Strategy is recognized in the objectives of the 2021 DOI Invasive Species Strategic Plan (DOI 2021) and addresses national priorities such as climate change, wildland fire, and tribal engagement. The National Seed Strategy charts a course for federal, tribal, state, local and private partners to increase private and public sector coordination on native seed development, thereby accelerating the pace and scale of restoration. Success is being achieved through the establishment of nationwide networks of seed collectors, researchers to develop seed, farmers to grow native seed, nurseries and seed storage facilities to supply adequate quantities of appropriate seed, and restoration ecologists.
","language":"English","publisher":"Bureau of Land Management (National Operations Center)","usgsCitation":"Mccormick, M.L., Carr, A., DeAngelis, P., Olwell, M., Murray, R., and Park, M., 2021, National seed strategy progress report, 2015-2020: Progress Report, ii, 74 p.","productDescription":"ii, 74 p.","ipdsId":"IP-130943","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388744,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":388718,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.blm.gov/sites/blm.gov/files/docs/2021-08/Progress%20Report%2026Jul21.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mccormick, Molly Lutisha 0000-0002-4361-7567","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4361-7567","contributorId":265148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mccormick","given":"Molly","email":"","middleInitial":"Lutisha","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":822325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carr, Amanda N","contributorId":265150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carr","given":"Amanda N","affiliations":[{"id":54608,"text":"Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeAngelis, Patricia","contributorId":265151,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Patricia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54610,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Falls Church, VA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olwell, Margaret","contributorId":265152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olwell","given":"Margaret","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54611,"text":"Bureau of Land Management, Boise, ID","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murray, Regan","contributorId":265162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murray","given":"Regan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Park, Maggie","contributorId":265163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Park","given":"Maggie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70224253,"text":"70224253 - 2021 - Adaptive two-stage inverse sampling design to estimate density, abundance, and occupancy of rare and clustered populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-16T12:32:41.667684","indexId":"70224253","displayToPublicDate":"2021-08-18T07:31:39","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adaptive two-stage inverse sampling design to estimate density, abundance, and occupancy of rare and clustered populations","docAbstract":"Sampling rare and clustered populations is challenging because of the effort required to find rare units. Heuristically, a practitioner would prefer to discontinue sampling in areas where rare units of interest are apparently extremely sparse or absent. We take advantage of the characteristics of inverse sampling to adaptively inform practitioners when it is efficient to move on to sample new areas. We introduce Adaptive Two-stage Inverse Sampling (ATIS), which is designed to leave a selected area after observation of an a priori number of only non-rare units and to continue sampling in the area when rare units are observed. ATIS is efficient in many cases and yields more rare units than conventional sampling for a rare and clustered population. We derive unbiased estimators of population total and variance. We also introduce an easy-to-compute estimator, which is nearly as efficient as the unbiased estimator. A simulation study on a rare plant population of buttercups (Ranunculus) shows that ATIS even with the easy-to-compute estimator is more efficient than its conventional sampling counterparts and is more efficient than Two-stage Adaptive Cluster Sampling (TACS) for small and moderate final sample sizes. Additional simulations reveal that ATIS is efficient for binary data (e.g., presence or absence) whereas TACS is inefficient for binary data. The overall results indicate that ATIS is consistently efficient compared to conventional sampling and to adaptive cluster sampling in some important cases.
The small and remote Easter Island (Rapa Nui) has a complex and still partially unknown history of human colonization and interactions with the environment. Previous research from sedimentary archives collected in the three freshwater bodies of Rapa Nui document dramatic environmental changes over the last two millennia. Yet, the characteristics of sediments and paleoenvironmental records are challenging to interpret, mainly due to poor temporal resolution, hiatuses and sediment mixing.
In this study, we reconstruct past changes in lithogenic inputs, weathering processes, redox conditions, productivity and water levels in the Rano Aroi wetland over the last 2000 years through the determination of major, trace and rare earth elements in a new peat core collected in 2017. The chronology is based on 8 14C AMS dates for the upper 1.5 m and provides decadal to multi-decadal resolution which is unprecedented for the island of Rapa Nui. The multielemental proxies depict seven distinct chronological phases marked by well-defined geochemical transitions. With only a few minor fluctuations, climate conditions were dry and the mire was mildly anoxic during the first millennium (0–1000 CE) to the arrival of the first Polynesians in Rapa Nui (800–1300 CE) and until ∼1400 CE, followed by wetter conditions afterwards. The record documents with unprecedented accuracy and resolution intense droughts occurring during the middle Little Ice Age between 1520 and 1710 CE, which may have been exacerbated by human activities and triggered dramatic cultural shifts. During the interval of first contact between the Rapanuis and Europeans, the climate changed to wetter conditions, followed by intense precipitations between 1790 and 1900 CE.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107115","usgsCitation":"Roman, M., McWethy, D.B., Kehrwald, N., Osayuki Erhenhi, E., Myrbo, A.E., Ramirez Aliaga, J., Pauchard, A., Turetta, C., Barbante, C., Prebble, M., Argiriadis, E., and Battistel, D., 2021, A multi-decadal geochemical record from Rano Aroi (Easter Island/Rapa Nui): Implications for the environment, climate and humans during the last two millennia: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 268, 107115, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107115.","productDescription":"107115, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-121878","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387985,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Rano Aroi","volume":"268","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roman, Marco","contributorId":202818,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roman","given":"Marco","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36530,"text":"ECSIN -- European Center for the Sustainable Impact of Nanotechnology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McWethy, David B.","contributorId":207232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McWethy","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36555,"text":"Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kehrwald, Natalie 0000-0002-9160-2239","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9160-2239","contributorId":220636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kehrwald","given":"Natalie","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Osayuki Erhenhi, Evans","contributorId":264288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osayuki Erhenhi","given":"Evans","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37183,"text":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Myrbo, Amy E.","contributorId":264289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Myrbo","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":54425,"text":"St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ramirez Aliaga, José M.","contributorId":264290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramirez Aliaga","given":"José M.","affiliations":[{"id":54426,"text":"Grupo Interdisciplinario de Investigacion Avanzada, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Viña Del Mar, Chile","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pauchard, Anibal","contributorId":264291,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pauchard","given":"Anibal","affiliations":[{"id":54427,"text":"Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Santiago, Chile","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Turetta, Clara","contributorId":264292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turetta","given":"Clara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54428,"text":"Institute of Polar Science – National Research Council ISP-CNR , Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Barbante, Carlo","contributorId":202632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barbante","given":"Carlo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36503,"text":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Infomatics, and Statistics, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre (VE), Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Prebble, Matthew","contributorId":213179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prebble","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16807,"text":"Australian National University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Argiriadis, Elena","contributorId":207231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Argiriadis","given":"Elena","affiliations":[{"id":37489,"text":"University of Venice, Ca' Foscari","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Battistel, Dario","contributorId":205865,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Battistel","given":"Dario","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37181,"text":"Department of Environmental Science, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70230393,"text":"70230393 - 2021 - Native mammals lack resilience to invasive generalist predator","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-11T11:39:44.063694","indexId":"70230393","displayToPublicDate":"2021-08-14T06:35:08","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Native mammals lack resilience to invasive generalist predator","docAbstract":"Invasive predators have caused catastrophic declines in native wildlife across the globe. Though research has focused on the initial establishment, rapid growth, and spread of invasive predators, our understanding of prey resilience to established invasive predators remains limited. As a direct result of invasive Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus), medium- to large-bodied native mammals decreased drastically across much of southern Florida as early as 2003. By 2014, most of these mammal species were exceedingly rare within the core invasion area, while pythons expanded outward to newly invaded areas. We used python observations to delineate the core python invasion area from the more recently invaded invasion front, and we compared changes in mammal occurrence from 2014 to 2019 between these two areas. We surveyed mammal communities using camera traps and scat surveys and used these observations to quantify the changes in occurrence among mammal species. As expected, occurrence of medium- and large-bodied mammals declined within the invasion front. However, contrary to our expectation, we observed little evidence of resilience among mammals within the invasion core. Of the 15 species detected in 2019, invasive black rats were the only species to increase in occurrence within the invasion core. Additionally, we observed declines in occurrence among native rodents within the invasion core, which were previously thought to be resistant to the effects of pythons. The continued presence of invasive pythons appears to be shifting the diverse mammal communities of southern Florida to one primarily composed of invasive species.
The geographic distribution of a species is a fundamental component in understanding its ecology and is necessary for forming effective conservation plans. For rare and elusive species of conservation concern, accurate maps of predicted occurrence are particularly problematic and often highly subjective. Spilogale putorius (Eastern Spotted Skunk) populations have experienced large declines since the 1940s. Their elusive behavior and perceived rarity result in low detection probability when using conventional methods for sampling small mammals. Low detection probability often causes uncertainty as to where Eastern Spotted Skunks could be a management concern. We modeled the distribution of predicted occurrence of Eastern Spotted Skunks using verifiable occurrence and non-detection records obtained throughout Virginia from 2010 to 2020. Occurrence data consisted of trapping records reported to the Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources, incidental photo-verified reports of sightings and road-killed animals, and remote-camera detections. Non-detections were presumed at baited remote-camera locations following intense survey efforts. We fit predicted occurrence models using generalized linear modeling in an information-theoretic framework using the package ‘stats’ in Program R. Our results incidated a greater probability of presence from the Blue Ridge westward, increasing with slope steepness along northeastern- to southeastern-facing slopes and decreasing with slope steepness along southeastern- to southwestern-facing slopes. Emergent rock outcrops prominent along northeastern slopes offer ample protective rocky cover, whereas mixed Quercus spp. (oak), Kalmia latifolia (Mountain Laurel), and Rhododendron maximum (Rosebay Rhododendron) forest communities along southern-facing slopes provide suitable areas of cover, both of which are critical for spotted skunk survival and reproductive success. Our analysis provides insight into the relationships between landscape features and Eastern Spotted Skunk distributions across Virginia. Understanding these relationships is critical for the effective management and conservation of this vulnerable species.
Residual pit lakes from mining are often dangerous to sample for water quality. Thus, pit lakes may be rarely (or never) sampled. This study developed new technology in which water-sampling devices, mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), were used to sample three pit lakes in Nevada, USA, during 1 week in 2017. Water-quality datasets from two of the three pit lakes on public lands, Dexter and Clipper, are presented here. The current conditions of the Dexter pit lake were assessed by examining cation and anion concentration changes that have occurred over a 17-year period since the pit lake was last sampled in 2000. Data gathered during this sampling campaign assessed 2017 conditions of the Dexter and Clipper pit lakes by comparing constituent concentrations to the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (NDEP) pit lake water-quality requirements, indicating that selenium concentrations exceeded regulatory standards. We compared our sampling data for Dexter lake to prior water-quality data from the Dexter pit lake collected in 1999 and 2000. This comparison for the Dexter pit lake indicates that evapoconcentration may have caused increasing cation and anion concentrations. This UAV sampling approach can potentially incorporate the use of additional multiparameter probes: pH, oxygen concentration, turbidity, or chlorophyll. Some limitations of this UAV water-sampling methodology are battery duration, weather conditions, and payload capacity.
Marine phosphorites are an important part of the oceanic phosphorus cycle and are related to the effects of long-term global climate changes. We use petrography, mineralogy, rare earth elements contents, and 87Sr/86Sr-determined carbonate fluorapatite (CFA) and calcite ages to investigate the paragenesis and history of phosphatization of carbonate sediments, limestones, ferromanganese crusts, and ironstones from the summit of Rio Grande Rise (RGR), Southwest Atlantic Ocean. Phosphatization of all the rock types occurred throughout the Miocene from 20.2 to 6.8 million years ago (Ma), and occasionally during the Quaternary, mainly through the cementation of carbonate sediments by cryptocrystalline CFA, likely involving the dissolution of the smaller size fraction of foraminifera-nannofossil ooze. Porosity/permeability and abundance of fine calcite material were important factors determining the intensity of phosphatization of the various rock types. Phosphatization was initiated during a transition to a more dynamic circulation system in the South Atlantic Ocean, which remobilized phosphorus from deeper waters and increased primary productivity that culminated with the middle-Miocene Climatic Optimum between ∼17 and 14.8 Ma. The relatively shallow-water depth of RGR summit during the Miocene provided proximity to the oxygen minimum zone, a reservoir for reactive phosphorus, especially during periods of enhanced phosphorus cycling spurred by surface primary productivity. The cessation of phosphatization at RGR resulted from a rapidly cooling and dry climate that characterized the Miocene-Pliocene transition. Our results support previous observations that periods of broadly intensified ocean circulation and local hydrodynamic changes were the key paleoceanographic links to phosphorite formation.
Accurate population estimates are essential for monitoring and managing wildlife populations. Mark–recapture sampling methods have regularly been used to estimate population parameters for rare and cryptic species, including the federally listed Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii); however, the methods employed are often plagued by violations of statistical assumptions, which have the potential to bias density estimates. By incorporating spatial information into conventional density estimation models, spatial capture–recapture (SCR) models can account for common assumption violations such as spatially heterogeneous detection probabilities and temporary emigration when animals leave plots during a survey. We conducted mark–recapture surveys at 10 1-km2 plots in and adjacent to the Ivanpah Valley of California and Nevada from 2015 to 2019. Locality data were collected concurrently using radio-telemetry and GPS data loggers. GPS data demonstrated that desert tortoises frequently exhibited temporary emigration outside a plot during the survey periods, thereby complicating standard approaches for closed-model density estimation. We integrated mark–recapture survey data for subadults and adults at each plot with corresponding spatial capture locations and supplementary spatial data using a modified SCR model fitted in a Bayesian framework. We compared density estimates modeled with conventional non-spatial methods, as well as three SCR models based on symmetrical usage areas described by various levels and types of supplementary spatial data. The conventional model consistently resulted in inflated estimates of density while the SCR models allowed us to generate spatially corrected estimates for a species where detectability and densities are low. However, we found that if not properly specified, the temporal scale of supplementary data may result in an unintended source of bias in parameter estimates. Integrating spatial data over a larger temporal scale than mark–recapture surveys were conducted resulted in higher detection probabilities and lower density estimates, due to an overestimation of space use. Our results not only demonstrate the importance of accounting for spatial information but also the value of understanding the potential for bias when integrating multiple data sets at different temporal resolutions. The methods presented can be used to enhance monitoring efforts for the Mojave desert tortoise and other species where mark–recapture methods are used.
As the most remote archipelago in the world, the Hawaiian Islands are home to a highly endemic and disharmonic biota that has fascinated biologists for centuries. Forests are the dominant terrestrial biome in Hawai‘i, spanning complex, heterogeneous climates across substrates that vary tremendously in age, soil structure, and nutrient availability. Species richness is low in Hawaiian forests compared to other tropical forests, as a consequence of dispersal limitation from continents and adaptive radiations in only some lineages, and forests are dominated by the widespread Metrosideros species complex. Low species richness provides a relatively tractable model system for studies of community assembly, local adaptation, and species interactions. Moreover, Hawaiian forests provide insights into predicted patterns of evolution on islands, revealing that while some evidence supports “island syndromes,” there are exceptions to them all. For example, Hawaiian plants are not as a whole less defended against herbivores, less dispersible, more conservative in resource use, or more slow-growing than their continental relatives. Clearly, more work is needed to understand the drivers, sources, and constraints on phenotypic variation among Hawaiian species, including both widespread and rare species, and to understand the role of this variation for ecological and evolutionary processes, which will further contribute to conservation of this unique biota. Today, Hawaiian forests are among the most threatened globally. Resource management failures – the proliferation of non-native species in particular – have led to devastating declines in native taxa and resulted in dominance by novel species assemblages. Conservation and restoration of Hawaiian forests now rely on managing threats including climate change, ongoing species introductions, novel pathogens, lost mutualists, and altered ecosystem dynamics through the use of diverse tools and strategies grounded in basic ecological, evolutionary, and biocultural principles. The future of Hawaiian forests thus depends on the synthesis of ecological and evolutionary research, which will continue to inform future conservation and restoration practices.
The Arkansas bauxite district, which comprises about 275 square miles (710 square kilometers) of central Arkansas, produced an order of magnitude more bauxite and alumina than the other bauxite districts in the United States combined. Bauxite was mined in the region continuously from 1898 to 1982. These bauxites are laterite deposits, formed from intensive in-place weathering of the exposed surface of the Granite Mountain pluton, a Late Cretaceous batholith composed mainly of nepheline syenite and lesser amounts of syenite. Nepheline syenite was the aluminum source for the bauxite and clay deposits that blanket the pluton. The early Eocene continental sedimentary rocks that contain and overlie the bauxite deposits indicate that central Arkansas had a warm tropical environment during bauxite formation.
Bauxite ores are the principal sources of aluminum. Some of the global bauxite deposits have been found to contain co-occurring metals that have essential applications in modern technologies. For example, bauxite is the largest global source of gallium (Ga), used in semiconductors, which is recovered as a byproduct of processing bauxite to recover alumina. Other critical metal commodities within some bauxites that reportedly have potential for byproduct recovery include niobium (Nb), scandium (Sc), and rare earth elements (REEs). Currently (2021), the United States is wholly dependent on imports for its supplies of bauxite for processing to produce alumina. The United States is also dependent on foreign sources of gallium, niobium, and scandium, as well for most of its domestic requirements of REEs.
For these reasons, samples were collected from Arkansas bauxite deposits, associated clays, mill residue wastes (respectively referred to as red muds and black sands), and the parent nepheline syenite to determine their elemental content, with a particular focus on gallium, niobium, scandium, and REEs. Each sample was analyzed for 60 elements; these data and the methods used are published as a U.S. Geological Survey data release.
The results indicate that, of the critical metals in bauxites, gallium is a potential byproduct from the central Arkansas bauxite deposits. The highest gallium concentrations occur in the raw bauxite ore, with an average concentration of 76 parts per million (ppm). Gallium partitions with alumina (the product) rather than into mine waste residues. Results indicate an average niobium content of 662 ppm in the Arkansas bauxite ores. Niobium progressively increases in concentration from parent syenite (247 ppm) to clays (315 ppm) and further from bauxite (662 ppm) to processed residues (1,075 ppm). Low concentrations of scandium were found in all samples, averaging 10 ppm or less in the parent rock (syenite), bauxite, clays, and processing residues. Modest concentrations of the light and heavy REEs were found in samples of bauxite ores, bauxitic clays and interbedded clays, syenite, and the residues of ore. The highest REE values were found in processed residues, with average concentrations of 613 ppm total light REEs and 130 ppm total heavy REEs. These concentrations suggest that additional processing to recover REEs is unlikely to be economic in the foreseeable future.
Director, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS 973
Denver, CO 80225
Invasive species can cause extinctions of native species and widespread biodiversity loss. Invader removal is a common management response, but the use of long-term field experiments to characterize effectiveness of removals in benefitting impacted native species is rare. We used a large-scale removal experiment to investigate the demographic response of a threatened native species, the northern spotted owl, to removal of an invasive competitor species, the barred owl. Removal of barred owls had a strong, positive effect on survival of spotted owls, which arrested long-term population declines of spotted owls. The results demonstrate that the long-term persistence of spotted owls will depend heavily on reducing the negative impacts of barred owls while simultaneously addressing other threats, such as habitat loss.
Passive acoustic monitoring is a promising method for monitoring rare and nocturnal species, and for tracking changes in forest wildlife biodiversity. We conducted simulations to compare and evaluate various passive acoustic sampling designs effectiveness for monitoring spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) population trends. We found that each design was effective for detecting a decline (or stability) in spotted own populations within 10 years with even a moderate amount of sampling. There are however, important considerations and tradeoffs among the various design options. Often, estimated changes in use of the landscape were biased with a consistently lower magnitude of change compared to simulated changes in the population. Although this method has challenges, passive acoustic monitoring can be used to effectively monitor northern spotted owls in the Pacific Northwest.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Lesmeister, D.B., Appel, C., Davis, R.J., Yackulic, C., and Ruff, Z., 2021, Simulating the effort necessary to detect changes in northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) populations using passive acoustic monitoring: Research Paper PNW-RP-618, 55 p.","productDescription":"55 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119741","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388804,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":388793,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fs.usda.gov/pnw/publications/simulating-effort-necessary-detect-changes-northern-spotted-owl-strix-occidentalis"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.158203125,\n 32.76880048488168\n ],\n [\n -117.99316406249999,\n 36.38591277287651\n ],\n [\n -120.7177734375,\n 41.60722821271717\n ],\n [\n -118.740234375,\n 47.96050238891509\n ],\n [\n -119.267578125,\n 48.86471476180277\n ],\n [\n -123.00292968749999,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -123.53027343749999,\n 48.16608541901253\n ],\n [\n -124.67285156250001,\n 48.3416461723746\n ],\n [\n -124.1455078125,\n 45.30580259943578\n ],\n [\n -124.27734374999999,\n 42.391008609205045\n ],\n [\n -123.70605468750001,\n 39.232253141714885\n ],\n [\n -121.33300781249999,\n 35.817813158696616\n ],\n [\n -120.498046875,\n 34.45221847282654\n ],\n [\n -117.158203125,\n 32.76880048488168\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lesmeister, Damon B. 0000-0003-1102-0122","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1102-0122","contributorId":205006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lesmeister","given":"Damon","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37019,"text":"USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Appel, Cara L.","contributorId":265255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Appel","given":"Cara L.","affiliations":[{"id":54636,"text":"Graduate Research Assistant, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":822478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, Raymond J.","contributorId":150574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":822479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yackulic, Charles B. 0000-0001-9661-0724","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-0724","contributorId":218825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackulic","given":"Charles","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":822480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ruff, Zachary J.","contributorId":265260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruff","given":"Zachary J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":822481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70230579,"text":"70230579 - 2021 - Establishing conservation units to promote recovery of two threatened freshwater mussel species (Bivalvia: Unionida: Potamilus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T11:51:52.930376","indexId":"70230579","displayToPublicDate":"2021-07-31T06:50:14","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Establishing conservation units to promote recovery of two threatened freshwater mussel species (Bivalvia: Unionida: Potamilus)","docAbstract":"Population genomics has significantly increased our ability to make inferences about microevolutionary processes and demographic histories, which have the potential to improve protection and recovery of imperiled species. Freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionida) represent one of the most imperiled groups of organisms globally. Despite systemic decline of mussel abundance and diversity, studies evaluating spatiotemporal changes in distribution, demographic histories, and ecological factors that threaten long-term persistence of imperiled species remain lacking. In this study, we use genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) and mitochondrial sequence data (mtDNA) to define conservation units (CUs) for two highly imperiled freshwater mussel species, Potamilus amphichaenus and Potamilus streckersoni. We then synthesize our molecular findings with details from field collections spanning from 1901 to 2019 to further elucidate distributional trends, contemporary status, and other factors that may be contributing to population declines for our focal species. We collected GBS and mtDNA data for individuals of P. amphichaenus and P. streckersoni from freshwater mussel collections in the Brazos, Neches, Sabine, and Trinity drainages ranging from 2012 to 2019. Molecular analyses resolved disputing number of genetic clusters within P. amphichaenus and P. streckersoni; however, we find defensible support for four CUs, each corresponding to an independent river basin. Evaluations of historical and recent occurrence data illuminated a generally increasing trend of occurrence in each of the four CUs, which were correlated with recent increases in sampling effort. Taken together, these findings suggest that P. amphichaenus and P. streckersoni are likely rare throughout their respective ranges. Because of this, the establishment of CUs will facilitate evidence-based recovery planning and ensure potential captive propagation and translocation efforts are beneficial. Our synthesis represents a case study for conservation genomic assessments in freshwater mussels and provides a model for future studies aimed at recovery planning for these highly imperiled organisms.
As the range of non-native bigheaded carps (Hypophthalmichthys spp.) continues to expand throughout river systems of the United States, managers are tasked with preventing or slowing the spread of these invasive species. Main stem navigation dams on the upper Mississippi River, long considered a deterrent to fish migration, may slow or prevent the spread of invasive fish species. As discharge increases, hydraulic head (i.e., difference between upstream elevation and downstream elevation) at these navigation dams decreases, which is believed to allow for easier fish passage. We used acoustic telemetry to investigate the occurrence, frequency, and timing of bigheaded carp passage of upper Mississippi River dams, along with factors related to successful dam passage. During 2013 through 2017, adult silver carp (H. molitrix), bighead carp (H. nobilis) and their hybrids (N = 358) were tracked throughout the upper Mississippi River. A total of 1078 dam passages by bigheaded carps (N = 158) were observed past 15 dams. Seventy-eight percent of dam passages occurred during April through July. Cox proportional hazards regression models indicated that both upstream and downstream dam passages by these species were strongly affected by hydraulic head height at the dam and water temperature, with dam passages increasing as hydraulic head decreased and water temperature increased. A few dams rarely experience low hydraulic head and passages of those dams by bigheaded carps were rare. This information can be used by managers to develop strategies (e.g., placement of deterrent technologies, targeted removal efforts) to slow the spread of these invasive species.
Studies of co-produced waters from hydrocarbon extraction across multiple energy-producing basins have generally focused on major ions or a few select tracers, and studies that examine trace elements and involve laboratory experiments have generally been basin specific. Here, new perspective is sought through a broad analysis of concentration data for 26 elements from three hydrocarbon well types using the U.S. Geological Survey National Produced Waters Geochemical Database (v2.3). Those data are compared to leachates (water, hydrochloric acid, and artificial brine) from 12 energy-resource related shales from across the United States. Both lower pH and higher ionic strength were associated with greater concentrations of many trace elements in produced waters. However, individual effects were difficult to distinguish because higher ionic strengths drive decreases in pH. Water–rock interactions in the leaching experiments generally replicated produced water concentrations for trace elements including Al, As, Cd, Co, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Si, and Zn. Enhanced middle rare earth element (REE) mobilization relative to shale REE content occurred with low pH leachates. Produced water concentrations of Li, Sr, and Ba were not replicated by the leaching experiments. Patterns of high Li, Sr, and Ba concentrations and ratios relative to other elements across produced waters types indicate controls on these elements in many settings related to pore space pools of salts, brines, and ion-exchange sites affected by diagenetic processes. The size of those pools is diluted and masked by other water–rock interaction processes at the water–rock ratios necessitated by laboratory experiments. The results broadly link water–rock interaction processes and environmental patterns across a wide variety of produced waters and host formations and thus provide context for trace element data from other environmental and laboratory studies of such waters.
Many mammalian species have experienced range contractions. Following a reduction in distribution that has resulted in apparently small and disjunct populations, the Humboldt marten (Martes caurina humboldtensis) was recently designated as federally Threatened and state Endangered. This subspecies of Pacific marten occurring in coastal Oregon and northern California, also known as coastal martens, appear unlike martens that occur in snow-associated regions in that vegetation associations appear to differ widely between Humboldt marten populations. We expected current distributions represent realized niches, but estimating factors associated with long-term occurrence was challenging for this rare and little-known species. Here, we assessed the predicted contemporary distribution of Humboldt martens and interpret our findings as hypotheses correlated with the subspecies’ niche to inform strategic conservation actions.
","language":"English","publisher":"PeerJ","doi":"10.7717/peerj.11670","usgsCitation":"Moriarty, K., Thompson, J., Delheimer, M., Barry, B., Linnell, M., Levi, T., Hamm, K.A., Early, D.A., Gamblin, H., Gunther, M.S., Ellison, J., Prevey, J.S., Hartman, J., and Davis, R.J., 2021, Predicted distribution of a rare and understudied forest carnivore: Humboldt marten (Martes caurina humboldtensis): PeerJ, v. 9, e11670, https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11670.","productDescription":"e11670","ipdsId":"IP-126211","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":451456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11670","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":389203,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moriarty, Katie","contributorId":177699,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moriarty","given":"Katie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":823243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Joel","contributorId":265714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"Joel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54769,"text":"Data Resources Management, USDA Forest Service, Joseph, Oregon, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Delheimer, Matthew","contributorId":265715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delheimer","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54770,"text":"Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Placerville, California, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barry, Brent","contributorId":265716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barry","given":"Brent","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54772,"text":"Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde, Grand Ronde, Oregon, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Linnell, Mark","contributorId":265717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Linnell","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54773,"text":"Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Corvallis, Oregon, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Levi, Taal","contributorId":191295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Levi","given":"Taal","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":823248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hamm, Keith A.","contributorId":167062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamm","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24606,"text":"Green Diamond Resource Company","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Early, Desiree A","contributorId":167063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Early","given":"Desiree","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":24606,"text":"Green Diamond Resource Company","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gamblin, Holly","contributorId":265718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gamblin","given":"Holly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54774,"text":"Department of Wildlife, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gunther, Micaela Szykman","contributorId":265719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gunther","given":"Micaela","email":"","middleInitial":"Szykman","affiliations":[{"id":54774,"text":"Department of Wildlife, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Ellison, Jordan","contributorId":265720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ellison","given":"Jordan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54776,"text":"Western Sustainable Forestry, National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc., Corvallis, Oregon, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Prevéy, Janet S. 0000-0003-2879-6453","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2879-6453","contributorId":222702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prevéy","given":"Janet","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":823254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Hartman, Jennifer","contributorId":265721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hartman","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54777,"text":"Rogue Detection Teams, Rice, Washington, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Davis, Raymond J.","contributorId":150574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":823256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70222509,"text":"70222509 - 2021 - Miocene neritic benthic foraminiferal community dynamics, Calvert Cliffs, Maryland, USA: Species pool, patterns and processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-02T14:45:47.370559","indexId":"70222509","displayToPublicDate":"2021-07-19T09:37:12","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3000,"text":"Palaios","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Miocene neritic benthic foraminiferal community dynamics, Calvert Cliffs, Maryland, USA: Species pool, patterns and processes","docAbstract":"The presence/absence and abundance of benthic foraminifera in successive discrete beds (Shattuck “zones”) of the Miocene Calvert and Choptank formations, exposed at the Calvert Cliffs, Maryland, USA, allows for investigation of community dynamics over space and time. The stratigraphic distribution of benthic foraminifera is documented and interpreted in the context of sea-level change, sequence stratigraphy, and the previously published distribution of mollusks. Neritic benthic foraminiferal communities of four sea-level cycles over ∼4 million years of the middle Miocene, encompassing the Miocene Climatic Optimum and the succeeding middle Miocene Climate Transition, are dominated by the same abundant species. They differ in the varying abundance of common species that occur throughout most of the studied section and in the different rare species that appear and disappear. Transgressive systems tracts (TSTs) have higher species diversity than highstand systems tracts (HSTs) but much lower density of specimens. In contrast to some previous research, all beds in the studied section are interpreted as being from the inner part of a broad, low gradient shelf and were deposited at water depths of less than ∼50 m. It is suggested that species are recruited from a regional species pool of propagules throughout the duration of TSTs. Recruitment is curtailed during highstands leading to lower diversity in the HSTs.
","language":"English","publisher":"SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.2110/palo.2020.069","usgsCitation":"Culver, S.J., Sutton, S., Mallinson, D.J., Buzas, M.A., Robinson, M., and Dowsett, H., 2021, Miocene neritic benthic foraminiferal community dynamics, Calvert Cliffs, Maryland, USA: Species pool, patterns and processes: Palaios, v. 36, no. 7, p. 247-259, https://doi.org/10.2110/palo.2020.069.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"259","ipdsId":"IP-122997","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387628,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Calvert Cliffs","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.5966796875,\n 38.315801006824984\n ],\n [\n -76.365966796875,\n 38.315801006824984\n ],\n [\n -76.365966796875,\n 38.89530825492018\n ],\n [\n -76.5966796875,\n 38.89530825492018\n ],\n [\n -76.5966796875,\n 38.315801006824984\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Culver, Stephen J.","contributorId":198984,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Culver","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":27911,"text":"East Carolina University Greenville, North Carolina,USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutton, Seth R","contributorId":261662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sutton","given":"Seth R","affiliations":[{"id":36317,"text":"East Carolina University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mallinson, David J.","contributorId":198986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mallinson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":27911,"text":"East Carolina University Greenville, North Carolina,USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buzas, Martin A","contributorId":261663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buzas","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":36606,"text":"Smithsonian Institution","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robinson, Marci M. 0000-0002-9200-4097","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9200-4097","contributorId":261664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Marci M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dowsett, Harry J. 0000-0003-1983-7524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":261665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"Harry J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70254672,"text":"70254672 - 2021 - Evaluation of camera trap-based abundance estimators for unmarked populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-06T14:32:31.086132","indexId":"70254672","displayToPublicDate":"2021-07-13T09:21:25","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of camera trap-based abundance estimators for unmarked populations","docAbstract":"Estimates of species abundance are critical to understand population processes and to assess and select management actions. However, capturing and marking individuals for abundance estimation, while providing robust information, can be economically and logistically prohibitive, particularly for species with cryptic behavior. Camera traps can be used to collect data at temporal and spatial scales necessary for estimating abundance, but the use of camera traps comes with limitations when target species are not uniquely identifiable (i.e., “unmarked”). Abundance estimation is particularly useful in the management of invasive species, with herpetofauna being recognized as some of the most pervasive and detrimental invasive vertebrate species. However, the use of camera traps for these taxa presents additional challenges with relevancy across multiple taxa. It is often necessary to use lures to attract animals in order to obtain sufficient observations, yet lure attraction can influence species’ landscape use and potentially induce bias in abundance estimators. We investigated these challenges and assessed the feasibility of obtaining reliable abundance estimates using camera-trapping data on a population of invasive brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) in Guam. Data were collected using camera traps in an enclosed area where snakes were subject to high-intensity capture–recapture effort, resulting in presumed abundance of 116 snakes (density = 23/ha). We then applied spatial count, random encounter and staying time, space to event, and instantaneous sampling estimators to photo-capture data to estimate abundance and compared estimates to our presumed abundance. We found that all estimators for unmarked populations performed poorly, with inaccurate or imprecise abundance estimates that limit their usefulness for management in this system. We further investigated the sensitivity of these estimators to the use of lures (i.e., violating the assumption that animal behavior is unchanged by sampling) and camera density in a simulation study. Increasing the effective distances of a lure (i.e., lure attraction) and camera density both resulted in biased abundance estimates. Each estimator rarely recovered truth or suffered from convergence issues. Our results indicate that, when limited to unmarked estimators and the use of lures, camera traps alone are unlikely to produce abundance estimates with utility for brown treesnake management.
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