{"pageNumber":"250","pageRowStart":"6225","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10462,"records":[{"id":70028142,"text":"70028142 - 2006 - Geology and geochemistry of jasperoids from the Gold Bar district, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028142","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and geochemistry of jasperoids from the Gold Bar district, Nevada","docAbstract":"Gold Bar is one of several Carlin-type gold mining districts located in the Battle Mountain-Eureka trend, Nevada. It is composed of one main deposit, Gold Bar; five satellite deposits; and four resources that contain 1.6 Moz (50 t) of gold. All of the deposits and resources occur at the intersection of north-northwest- and northeast-trending high-angle faults in slope facies limestones of the Devonian Nevada Group exposed in windows through Ordovician basin facies siliciclastic rocks of the Roberts Mountains allochthon. Igneous intrusions and magnetic anomalies are notably absent. The Gold Bar district contains a variety of discordant and stratabound jasperoid bodies, especially along the Wall Fault zone, that were mapped and studied in some detail to identify the attributes of those most closely associated with gold ore and to constrain genetic models. Four types of jasperoids, J0, J1, J2, and J3, were distinguished on the basis of their geologic and structural settings and appearance. Field relations suggest that J0 formed during an early event. Petrographic observations, geochemistry, and ??18O values of quartz suggest it was overprinted by the hydrothermal event that produced ore-related J1, J2, and J3 jasperoids and associated gold deposits. The greater amount of siliciclastic detritus present in J0 jasperoids caused them to have higher ??18O values than J1,2,3 jasperoids hosted in underlying limestones. Ore-related jasperoids are composed of main-ore-stage replacements and late-ore-stage open-space filling quartz with variable geochemistry and an enormous range of ??18O values (24.5 and -3.7???). Jasperoids hosted in limestones with the most anomalous Au, Ag, Hg, ??(As, Sb, Tl) concentrations and the highest ??18O values are associated with the largest deposits. The 28??? range of jasperoid ??18O values is best explained by mixing between an 18O-enriched fluid and an 18O-depleted fluid. The positive correlation between the sizes of gold deposits and the ??18O composition of jasperoids indicates that gold was introduced by the 18O-enriched fluid. The lowest calculated ??18O value for water in equilibrium with late-ore-stage quartz at 200??C (-15???) and the measured ??D value of fluid inclusion water extracted from late-ore-stage orpiment and realgar (-116???) indicate that the 18O-depleted fluid was composed of relatively unexchanged meteoric water. The source of the 18O-enriched ore fluid is not constrained. The ??34S values of late-ore-stage realgar, orpiment, and stibnite (5.7-15.5???) and barite (31.5-40.9???) suggest that H2S and sulfate were derived from sedimentary sources. Likewise, the ??13C and ??18O values of late-stage calcite (-4.8 to 1.5??? and 11.5 to 17.4???, respectively) suggest that CO2 was derived from marine limestones. Based on these data and the apparent absence of any Eocene intrusions in the district, Gold Bar may be the product of a nonmagmatic hydrothermal system. ?? Springer-Verlag 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineralium Deposita","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00126-006-0080-8","issn":"00264598","usgsCitation":"Yigit, O., Hofstra, A., Hitzman, M., and Nelson, E., 2006, Geology and geochemistry of jasperoids from the Gold Bar district, Nevada: Mineralium Deposita, v. 41, no. 6, p. 527-547, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-006-0080-8.","startPage":"527","endPage":"547","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210019,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-006-0080-8"},{"id":236808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a22dbe4b0c8380cd573d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yigit, O.","contributorId":54383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yigit","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hofstra, A. H. 0000-0002-2450-1593","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":41426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hitzman, M.W.","contributorId":107906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitzman","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, E.P.","contributorId":53577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028114,"text":"70028114 - 2006 - Understanding barriers to implementation of an adaptive land management program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:43","indexId":"70028114","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding barriers to implementation of an adaptive land management program","docAbstract":"The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission manages over 650,000 ha, including 26 wildlife management and environmental areas. To improve management, they developed an objective-based vegetation management (OBVM) process that focuses on desired conditions of plant communities through an adaptive management framework. Our goals were to understand potential barriers to implementing OBVM and to recommend strategies to overcome barriers. A literature review identified 47 potential barriers in six categories to implementation of adaptive and ecosystem management: logistical, communication, attitudinal, institutional, conceptual, and educational. We explored these barriers through a bureau-wide survey of 90 staff involved in OBVM and personal interviews with area managers, scientists, and administrators. The survey incorporated an organizational culture assessment instrument to gauge how institutional factors might influence OBVM implementation. The survey response rate was 69%. Logistics and communications were the greatest barriers to implementing OBVM. Respondents perceived that the agency had inadequate resources for implementing OBVM and provided inadequate information. About one-third of the respondents believed OBVM would decrease their job flexibility and perceived greater institutional barriers to the approach. The 43% of respondents who believed they would have more responsibility under OBVM also had greater attitudinal barriers. A similar percentage of respondents reported OBVM would not give enough priority to wildlife. Staff believed that current agency culture was hierarchical but preferred a culture that would provide more flexibility for adaptive management and would foster learning from land management activities. In light of the barriers to OBVM, we recommend the following: (1) mitigation of logistical barriers by addressing real and perceived constraints of staff, funds, and other resources in a participatory manner; (2) mitigation of communication barriers through interpersonal and electronic communication channels; (3) development of an OBVM external advisory committee; and (4) adoption of characteristics of an organizational culture that promotes flexibility and learning. ??2006 Society for Conservation Biology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00476.x","issn":"08888892","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, S., Morris, J., Sanders, J., Wiley, E., Brooks, M., Bennetts, R., Percival, H., and Marynowski, S., 2006, Understanding barriers to implementation of an adaptive land management program: Conservation Biology, v. 20, no. 5, p. 1516-1527, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00476.x.","startPage":"1516","endPage":"1527","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210067,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00476.x"},{"id":236875,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc51e4b08c986b328b6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, S.K.","contributorId":55193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morris, J.K.","contributorId":58075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanders, J.S.","contributorId":46294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanders","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wiley, E.N.","contributorId":29194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiley","given":"E.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brooks, M.","contributorId":61364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bennetts, R.E.","contributorId":103214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennetts","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Percival, H.F.","contributorId":31716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Percival","given":"H.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Marynowski, S.","contributorId":85383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marynowski","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70028111,"text":"70028111 - 2006 - The heartbeat of the volcano: The discovery of episodic activity at Prometheus on Io","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-07T08:31:55","indexId":"70028111","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The heartbeat of the volcano: The discovery of episodic activity at Prometheus on Io","docAbstract":"<p><span>The temporal signature of&nbsp;thermal emission&nbsp;from a volcano is a valuable clue to the processes taking place both at and beneath the surface. The&nbsp;</span><i>Galileo</i><span>&nbsp;Near Infrared Mapping&nbsp;Spectrometer&nbsp;(NIMS) observed the volcano Prometheus, on the jovian moon Io, on multiple occasions between 1996 and 2002. The 5 micron (μm) brightness of this volcano shows considerable variation from orbit to orbit. Prometheus exhibits increases in thermal emission that indicate episodic (though non-periodic) effusive activity in a manner akin to the current Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha (afterwards referred to as the Pu'u 'O'o) eruption of Kilauea, Hawai'i. The volume of material erupted during one Prometheus eruption episode (defined as the interval from minimum thermal emission to peak and back to minimum) from 6 November 1996 to 7 May 1997 is estimated to be ∼0.8 km</span><sup>3</sup><span>, with a peak instantaneous volumetric flux (effusion rate) of ∼140 m</span><sup>3</sup><span> s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, and an averaged volumetric flux (eruption rate) of ∼49 m</span><sup>3</sup><span> s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. These quantities are used to model subsurface structure,&nbsp;magma&nbsp;storage and magma supply mechanisms, and likely&nbsp;magma chamber&nbsp;depth. Prometheus appears to be supplied by magma from a relatively shallow magma chamber, with a roof at a minimum depth of ∼2–3 km and a maximum depth of ∼14 km. This is a much shallower depth range than sources of supply proposed for explosive, possibly ultramafic, eruptions at Pillan and Tvashtar. As Prometheus-type effusive activity is widespread on Io, shallow magma chambers containing magma of basaltic or near-basaltic composition and density may be common. This analysis strengthens the analogy between Prometheus and Pu'u 'O'o, at least in terms of eruption style. Even though the style of eruption appears to be similar (effusive emplacement of thin, insulated, compound&nbsp;pahoehoe&nbsp;flows) the scale of activity at Prometheus greatly exceeds current activity at Pu'u 'O'o in terms of volume erupted, area covered, and magma flux. Whereas the estimated magma chamber at Prometheus dwarfs the Pu'u 'O'o magma chamber, it fits within expectations if the Pu'u 'O'o chamber were scaled for the greater volumetric flux and&nbsp;lower gravity&nbsp;of Io. Recent volumetric eruption rates derived from&nbsp;</span><i>Galileo</i><span>data for Prometheus were considerably smaller than the rate that produced the extensive flows formed in the ∼17 years between the&nbsp;</span><i>Voyager</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>Galileo</i><span>&nbsp;missions. These smaller eruption rates, coupled with the fact that flows are not expanding laterally, may mean that the immediate&nbsp;heat source&nbsp;that generates the Prometheus plume is simultaneously running out of available volatiles and the&nbsp;thermal energy&nbsp;that drives mobilization of volatiles. This raises the question of whether the current Prometheus eruption is in its last throes.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2006.05.012","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Davies, A., Wilson, L., Matson, D., Leone, G., Keszthelyi, L., and Jaeger, W.L., 2006, The heartbeat of the volcano: The discovery of episodic activity at Prometheus on Io: Icarus, v. 184, no. 2, p. 460-477, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2006.05.012.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"460","endPage":"477","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210040,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2006.05.012"}],"volume":"184","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacb1e4b08c986b323686","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davies, Ashley G.","contributorId":36827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"Ashley G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Lionel","contributorId":82203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Lionel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Matson, Dennis","contributorId":210503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matson","given":"Dennis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leone, Giovanni","contributorId":18250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leone","given":"Giovanni","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":52802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo P.","email":"laz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":416587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jaeger, Windy L.","contributorId":61679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaeger","given":"Windy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70031029,"text":"70031029 - 2006 - A new species of freshwater mussel (Bivalvia: Unionidae), Pleurobema athearni, from the Coosa River Drainage of Alabama, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:17","indexId":"70031029","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3814,"text":"Zootaxa","onlineIssn":"1175-5334","printIssn":"1175-5326","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new species of freshwater mussel (Bivalvia: Unionidae), Pleurobema athearni, from the Coosa River Drainage of Alabama, USA","docAbstract":"The Mobile Basin historically supported one of the most diverse freshwater mussel (Bivalvia: Unionidae) assemblages in North America. More than 65 species of mussels are known from the Basin, but it is difficult to determine how many species were present historically. The drainage's unique physical habitat was largely destroyed between the late 1800s and mid-1900s by impoundment and channel modifications of most of the larger rivers. Many species that were once common are now restricted to small headwater rivers and mid-sized tributaries. Recent Coosa River tributary surveys revealed a new, undescribed species of Pleurobema. This new species, Pleurobema athearni, is distinctive in outward appearance, shell morphometry and reproductive morphology, and can be distinguished from other Coosa River drainage unionids. Our analysis indicates that P. athearni is morphologically different from other similar taxa. It differs both in shell width/length and width/height ratios and thus provides a simple, quantitative means to differentiate this species from P. georgianum (Lea, 1841) Fusconaia barnesiana (Lea, 1838), and F. cerina (Conrad, 1838), which it superficially resembles and that also occur in the area. Our morphological diagnosis of this species is supported by recent molecular analyses that suggest this species is a Pleurobema and one closely related to other endemic Coosa River drainage unionids. The discovery of a new species of large, long-lived macroinvertebrate from a relatively well-sampled drainage in a populated region of the southeast United States underscores the need for more detailed surveys in isolated stretches of tributary streams. It should also serve as a reminder that almost 40 species of aquatic mollusks have been extirpated from the Mobile Basin before anything could be learned about their habitat or life history requirements. Copyright ?? 2006 Magnolia Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Zootaxa","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"11755326","usgsCitation":"Gangloff, M., Williams, J., and Feminella, J., 2006, A new species of freshwater mussel (Bivalvia: Unionidae), Pleurobema athearni, from the Coosa River Drainage of Alabama, USA: Zootaxa, no. 1118, p. 43-56.","startPage":"43","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"1118","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4b6e4b0c8380cd46878","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gangloff, M.M.","contributorId":76938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gangloff","given":"M.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, J.D.","contributorId":74701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feminella, J.W.","contributorId":50269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feminella","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030977,"text":"70030977 - 2006 - Quiescent deformation of the Aniakchak Caldera, Alaska mapped by InSAR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T15:57:38","indexId":"70030977","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quiescent deformation of the Aniakchak Caldera, Alaska mapped by InSAR","docAbstract":"<p><span>The 10-km-wide caldera of the historically active Aniakchak volcano, Alaska, subsides ∼13 mm/yr, based on data from 19 European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS-1 and ERS-2) interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) images from 1992 through 2002. The pattern of subsidence does not reflect the distribution of pyroclastic deposits from the last eruption in 1931 and therefore is not related to compaction of fragmental debris. Weighted least-squares inversion of the deformation maps indicates a relatively constant subsidence rate. Modeling the deformation with a Mogi point source locates the source of subsidence at ∼4 km below the central caldera floor, which is consistent with the inferred depth of magma storage before the 1931 eruption. Magmatic CO</span><sub>2</sub><span> and He have been measured at a warm soda spring within the caldera, and several sub-boiling fumaroles persist elsewhere in the caldera. These observations suggest that recent subsidence can be explained by the cooling or degassing of a shallow magma body (∼4 km deep), and/or the reduction of the pore-fluid pressure of a cooling hydrothermal system. Ongoing deformation of the volcano detected by InSAR, in combination with magmatic gas output from at least one warm spring, and infrequent low-level bursts of seismicity below the caldera, indicate that the volcanic system is still active and requires close attention for the timely detection of possible hazards.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G22015.1","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Kwoun, O., Lu, Z., Neal, C.A., and Wicks, C., 2006, Quiescent deformation of the Aniakchak Caldera, Alaska mapped by InSAR: Geology, v. 34, no. 1, p. 5-8, https://doi.org/10.1130/G22015.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"8","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488543,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g22015.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":238868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -159.0765380859375,\n              56.32567522544464\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.0765380859375,\n              57.25528054528889\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.9891357421875,\n              57.25528054528889\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.9891357421875,\n              56.32567522544464\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.0765380859375,\n              56.32567522544464\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9317e4b0c8380cd80be6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kwoun, Oh-Ig","contributorId":41945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwoun","given":"Oh-Ig","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lu, Zhong 0000-0001-9181-1818 lu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-1818","contributorId":901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Zhong","email":"lu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":429480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neal, Christina A. 0000-0002-7697-7825 tneal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-7825","contributorId":131135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Christina","email":"tneal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wicks, Charles W. Jr. cwicks@usgs.gov","contributorId":3476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"Charles W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"cwicks@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":429478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70030887,"text":"70030887 - 2006 - Repeatability observations from a time-lapse seismic survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:03","indexId":"70030887","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3317,"text":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Repeatability observations from a time-lapse seismic survey","docAbstract":"Time-lapse seismic surveys have proven extremely valuable in recent years, having numerous economical and environmental applications. To fully utilize this monitoring technique, problems associated with recording repeatability must be minimized. Much work has been done to equalize data from one survey to the next via processing techniques (Huang et al., 1998). The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential for minimized processing, allowing study of extremely small changes in subsurface characteristics. The goal is to evaluate source and receiver terrain combination to optimize signal repeatability, and to improve deconvolution with the ground force to suppress different types of noise and increase repeatability. ?? 2005 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.2370190","issn":"10523812","usgsCitation":"Walters, S., Miller, R., and Raef, A., 2006, Repeatability observations from a time-lapse seismic survey: SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, v. 25, no. 1, p. 3185-3189, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2370190.","startPage":"3185","endPage":"3189","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211692,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2370190"},{"id":239032,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa749e4b0c8380cd8531c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, S.L.","contributorId":107095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Raef, A.E.","contributorId":53131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raef","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70030856,"text":"70030856 - 2006 - Ponderosa pine snag densities following multiple fires in the Gila Wilderness, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030856","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ponderosa pine snag densities following multiple fires in the Gila Wilderness, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Fires create and consume snags (standing dead trees), an important structural and ecological component of ponderosa pine forests. The effects of repeated fires on snag densities in ponderosa pine forests of the southwestern USA have not been studied. Line intercept sampling was used to estimate snag densities in areas of the Gila Wilderness that had burned one to three times under Wildland Fire Use for Resource Benefit (WFU), a fire management policy implemented since 1974 aimed at restoring natural fire regimes. Twenty randomly located transects were measured in areas burned since 1946; six in once-burned areas, six in twice-burned areas and eight in thrice-burned areas. The mean density ?? standard errors of large (>47.5 cm dbh) snags for areas that burned once, twice and thrice was 7.0 ?? 2.7, 4.4 ?? 1.1 and 4.1 ?? 1.3 snags/ha, respectively. Differences in snag densities between once- and multiple-burned areas were significant (F-test; p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in density of large snags between twice- and thrice-burned areas. Proportions of type 1 snags (recently created) were higher in once- and twice-burned areas than in areas that burned three times, likely reflecting high tree mortality and snag recruitment resulting from an initial entry fire. Type 3 snags (charred by previous fire) were more abundant in areas that burned multiple times. The lack of differences in snag densities between areas that burned two and three times suggests that repeated fires leave many snags standing. The increasing proportion of type 3 snags with repeated fires supports this conclusion. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2005.09.014","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Holden, Z., Morgan, P., Rollins, M., and Wright, R., 2006, Ponderosa pine snag densities following multiple fires in the Gila Wilderness, New Mexico: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 221, no. 1-3, p. 140-146, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.09.014.","startPage":"140","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211293,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.09.014"}],"volume":"221","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7d14e4b0c8380cd79d37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holden, Z.A.","contributorId":8673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holden","given":"Z.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, P.","contributorId":34096,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morgan","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rollins, M.G.","contributorId":30434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rollins","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, R.G.","contributorId":9622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028589,"text":"70028589 - 2006 - Are southern California's fragmented saltmarshes capable of sustaining endemic bird populations?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:56","indexId":"70028589","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3489,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are southern California's fragmented saltmarshes capable of sustaining endemic bird populations?","docAbstract":"Loss of coastal saltmarshes in southern California has been estimated at 75-90% since presettlement times. The remaining wetlands are mostly fragmented and degraded, and most frequently have harsh edges adjacent to urban landscapes. Non-migratory Belding's Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis beldingi) and Light-footed Clapper Rails (Rallus longirostris levipes) are endemic to saltmarshes in southern California and Baja California, Mexico. Population sizes of Belding's Savannah Sparrows show a positive relationship with saltmarsh area, but few large wetland fragments remain within their range in California. Belding's Savannah Sparrows are sensitive to fragmentation and isolation, with small isolated marshes acting as population sinks. In addition, this subspecies shows low genetic variability, limited dispersal, and small effective population sizes. Light-footed Clapper Rails are habitat specialists, found in marshes with good tidal flushing that support California cordgrass (Spartina foliosa) habitats. Light-footed Clapper rails also show low genetic variability and limited dispersal and the remnant populations of clapper rails are relatively isolated from one another. Large wetland complexes may serve as population sources for both species, while small, isolated marshes may act as population sinks but more research is needed to estimate and model the dynamics of these two metapopulations. Mitigation for wetland loss and restoration projects should not be evaluated simply by presence of rare bird species alone, but instead efforts should be made to determine population sustainability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies in Avian Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01979922","isbn":"0943610702; 9780943610702","usgsCitation":"Powell, A., 2006, Are southern California's fragmented saltmarshes capable of sustaining endemic bird populations?: Studies in Avian Biology, no. 32, p. 198-204.","startPage":"198","endPage":"204","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed5fe4b0c8380cd4978c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Greenberg R.Maldonado J.E.Droege S.McDonald M.V.","contributorId":128314,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Greenberg R.Maldonado J.E.Droege S.McDonald M.V.","id":536636,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Powell, A.N.","contributorId":66194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":418744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70170960,"text":"70170960 - 2006 - Trophic structure and avian communities across a salinity gradient in evaporation ponds of the San Francisco Bay estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T15:38:49","indexId":"70170960","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trophic structure and avian communities across a salinity gradient in evaporation ponds of the San Francisco Bay estuary","docAbstract":"<p><span>Commercial salt evaporation ponds comprise a large proportion of baylands adjacent to the San Francisco Bay, a highly urbanized estuary. In the past two centuries, more than 79% of the historic tidal wetlands in this estuary have been lost. Resource management agencies have acquired more than 10&nbsp;000&nbsp;ha of commercial salt ponds with plans to undertake one of the largest wetland restoration projects in North America. However, these plans have created debate about the ecological importance of salt ponds for migratory bird communities in western North America. Salt ponds are unique mesohaline (5–18&nbsp;g&nbsp;l</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) to hyperhaline (&gt; 40&nbsp;g&nbsp;l</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) wetlands, but little is known of their ecological structure or value. Thus, we studied decommissioned salt ponds in the North Bay of the San Francisco Bay estuary from January 1999 through November 2001. We measured water quality parameters (salinity, DO, pH, temperature), nutrient concentrations, primary productivity, zooplankton, macroinvertebrates, fish, and birds across a range of salinities from 24 to 264&nbsp;g&nbsp;l</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. Our studies documented how unique limnological characteristics of salt ponds were related to nutrient levels, primary productivity rates, invertebrate biomass and taxa richness, prey fish, and avian predator numbers. Salt ponds were shown to have unique trophic and physical attributes that supported large numbers of migratory birds. Therefore, managers should carefully weigh the benefits of increasing habitat for native tidal marsh species with the costs of losing these unique hypersaline systems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-006-0061-z","usgsCitation":"Takekawa, J.Y., Miles, A., Schoellhamer, D., Athearn, N., Saiki, M.K., Duffy, W., Kleinschmidt, S., Shellenbarger, G., and Jannusch, C., 2006, Trophic structure and avian communities across a salinity gradient in evaporation ponds of the San Francisco Bay estuary: Hydrobiologia, v. 567, no. 1, p. 307-327, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0061-z.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"327","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321188,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.34718322753905,\n              38.21363682695095\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.27920532226562,\n              38.205274034117814\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.27783203125,\n              38.15426719087882\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.2623825073242,\n              38.13860713787158\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.28057861328124,\n              38.11970259728823\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.39730834960938,\n              38.14940753418616\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.35851287841797,\n              38.21417632897687\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.34718322753905,\n              38.21363682695095\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"567","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5735a95ce4b0dae0d5df518b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":629232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miles, A.K. 0000-0002-3108-808X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":85902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. 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K.","contributorId":28917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saiki","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Duffy, W.D.","contributorId":67279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffy","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kleinschmidt, S.","contributorId":104691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleinschmidt","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Shellenbarger, G.G.","contributorId":12678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shellenbarger","given":"G.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jannusch, C.A.","contributorId":66906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jannusch","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70171137,"text":"70171137 - 2006 - Genetic structure of <i>Cantharellus formosus</i> populations in a second-growth temperate rain forest of the Pacific Northwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-20T11:05:13","indexId":"70171137","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5077,"text":"Pacific Northwest Fungi","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic structure of <i>Cantharellus formosus</i> populations in a second-growth temperate rain forest of the Pacific Northwest","docAbstract":"<p><i>Cantharellus formosus&nbsp;</i><span>growing on the Olympic Peninsula of the Pacific Northwest was sampled from September &ndash; November 1995 for genetic analysis.&nbsp;</span><i></i><span>A total of ninety-six basidiomes&nbsp;</span><i></i><span>from five clusters separated from one another by 3 - 25 meters were genetically characterized by PCR analysis of 13 arbitrary loci and rDNA sequences. The number of basidiomes in each cluster varied from 15 to 25 and genetic analysis delineated 15 genets among the clusters. Analysis of variance utilizing thirteen apPCR generated genetic molecular markers and PCR amplification of the ribosomal ITS regions indicated that 81.41% of the genetic variation occurred between clusters and 18.59% within clusters. Proximity of the basidiomes within a cluster was not an indicator of genotypic similarity. The molecular profiles of each cluster were distinct and defined as unique populations containing 2 - 6 genets. The monitoring and analysis of this species through non-lethal sampling and future applications is discussed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Pacific Northwest Fungi Project","publisherLocation":"Seattle, WA","doi":"10.2509/pnwf.2006.001.007","usgsCitation":"Redman, R.S., Ranson, J., and Rodriguez, R.J., 2006, Genetic structure of <i>Cantharellus formosus</i> populations in a second-growth temperate rain forest of the Pacific Northwest: Pacific Northwest Fungi, v. 1, no. 7, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.2509/pnwf.2006.001.007.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2509/pnwf.2006.001.007","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323974,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576913c4e4b07657d19ff0a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Redman, Regina S. 0000-0001-5108-7570","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5108-7570","contributorId":75829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redman","given":"Regina","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":630081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ranson, Judith","contributorId":169579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ranson","given":"Judith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rodriguez, Rusty J.","contributorId":62497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Rusty","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70171284,"text":"70171284 - 2006 - Advances in recreational water quality monitoring at Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-26T10:58:18","indexId":"70171284","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3014,"text":"Park Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Advances in recreational water quality monitoring at Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore","docAbstract":"<p><span>Indiana Dunes has improved its ability to protect the health of swimmers through better science-based management and increased understanding of contaminants. Most research has focused on Escherichia coli and its nature, sources, and distribution because it is widely accepted as an indicator of potential pathogens. Though research on E. coli and recreational water quality is continually generating new information, public beach managers may gain valuable insight into this management issue from our experience at Indiana Dunes. This article reviews one of the longest maintained indicator bacteria monitoring programs in the National Park System, highlights lessons learned, and summarizes research findings that may be of interest to public beach managers.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Smith, W., Nevers, M., and Whitman, R.L., 2006, Advances in recreational water quality monitoring at Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore: Park Science, v. 24, no. 1, p. 19-23.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321731,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":321730,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nature.nps.gov/ParkScience/dyn7navContent.cfm?metaDescriptionPageTitle=Archive:%202005%20to%202010&navArticleID=3&navArticlePageID=18&navArticlePageTitle=2005%20to%202010&navArticlePageNum=6&CFID=24647153&CFTOKEN=7560cd3227dc0db2-49B8158E-155D-AD0C-81122D4B1D003F87"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57481e2be4b07e28b664db7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Wendy","contributorId":169642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Wendy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nevers, Meredith 0000-0001-6963-6734 mnevers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6963-6734","contributorId":2013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevers","given":"Meredith","email":"mnevers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whitman, Richard L. rwhitman@usgs.gov","contributorId":542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"Richard","email":"rwhitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70174332,"text":"70174332 - 2006 - Flow convergence caused by a salinity minimum in a tidal channel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T16:17:52","indexId":"70174332","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3331,"text":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow convergence caused by a salinity minimum in a tidal channel","docAbstract":"<p><span>Residence times of dissolved substances and sedimentation rates in tidal channels are affected by residual (tidally averaged) circulation patterns. One influence on these circulation patterns is the longitudinal density gradient. In most estuaries the longitudinal density gradient typically maintains a constant direction. However, a junction of tidal channels can create a local reversal (change in sign) of the density gradient. This can occur due to a difference in the phase of tidal currents in each channel. In San Francisco Bay, the phasing of the currents at the junction of Mare Island Strait and Carquinez Strait produces a local salinity minimum in Mare Island Strait. At the location of a local salinity minimum the longitudinal density gradient reverses direction. This paper presents four numerical models that were used to investigate the circulation caused by the salinity minimum: (1) A simple one-dimensional (1D) finite difference model demonstrates that a local salinity minimum is advected into Mare Island Strait from the junction with Carquinez Strait during flood tide. (2) A three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic finite element model is used to compute the tidally averaged circulation in a channel that contains a salinity minimum (a change in the sign of the longitudinal density gradient) and compares that to a channel that contains a longitudinal density gradient in a constant direction. The tidally averaged circulation produced by the salinity minimum is characterized by converging flow at the bed and diverging flow at the surface, whereas the circulation produced by the constant direction gradient is characterized by converging flow at the bed and downstream surface currents. These velocity fields are used to drive both a particle tracking and a sediment transport model. (3) A particle tracking model demonstrates a 30 percent increase in the residence time of neutrally buoyant particles transported through the salinity minimum, as compared to transport through a constant direction density gradient. (4) A sediment transport model demonstrates increased deposition at the near-bed null point of the salinity minimum, as compared to the constant direction gradient null point. These results are corroborated by historically noted large sedimentation rates and a local maximum of selenium accumulation in clams at the null point in Mare Island Strait.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"eScholarship University of California","usgsCitation":"Warner, J., Schoellhamer, D., Burau, J.R., and Schladow, S.G., 2006, Flow convergence caused by a salinity minimum in a tidal channel: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, v. 4, no. 3, p. 91-102.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"102","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324906,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2m6367vc"},{"id":324907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.52777099609375,\n              37.78808138412046\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.52777099609375,\n              38.212288054388175\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.76971435546874,\n              38.212288054388175\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.76971435546874,\n              37.78808138412046\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.52777099609375,\n              37.78808138412046\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5780ceb6e4b0811616822338","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warner, John C. 0000-0002-3734-8903 jcwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-8903","contributorId":2681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"John C.","email":"jcwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burau, Jon R. 0000-0002-5196-5035 jrburau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":1500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"Jon","email":"jrburau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schladow, S. Geoffrey","contributorId":172755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schladow","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Geoffrey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70035447,"text":"70035447 - 2006 - Diagenetic alteration of impact spherules in the Neoarchean Monteville layer, South Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:55","indexId":"70035447","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagenetic alteration of impact spherules in the Neoarchean Monteville layer, South Africa","docAbstract":"Intercontinental correlation of distal Archean impact ejecta layers can be used to help create a global time-stratigraphic framework for early Earth events. For example, an impact spherule layer in the Neoarchean Monteville Formation (Griqualand West Basin, South Africa) may be correlated with layers in one or more formations in Western Australia. To help assess the degree to which diagenetic alteration would hinder such correlations, we performed a petrographic study of spherules in the Monteville layer. Most of the spherules in the Monteville layer have botryoidal rims composed of radial-fibrous K-feldspar, but compaction and replacement have greatly altered their appearance and mineralogy. Moreover, the Monteville spherule layer consists of three main subunits, and spherule compaction varies between subunits as well as across the Griqualand West region. Compaction is about three times greater in a medial spherulerich subunit as compared to a basal subunit rich in large intraclasts, resulting in better preservation of the shapes of melt particles in the latter. However, spherule rims have omparable numbers of fractures in both subunits, indicating the melt particles were fractured prior to compaction. Some spherules contain mica ribbons with a septarian geometry. Fracturing via rapid thermal quenching could help explain all of these features. f hot spherules possessing crystalline rims were thermally shocked when they hit the ocean, fractures would have the observed geometries and provide pathways for fluid infiltration and local replacement of glass by mica. Although heavily distorted, impact spherules in the Monteville layer are very similar to those in the Hesta occurrence of the Neoarchean Jeerinah spherule layer of the Hamersley Basin, even showing similar diagenetic histories. In this instance, diagenetic alteration may actually help rather than hinder intercontinental correlation of impact spherule layers. ??2006 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2006.2405(04)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Kohl, I., Simonson, B., and Berke, M., 2006, Diagenetic alteration of impact spherules in the Neoarchean Monteville layer, South Africa: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 405, p. 57-73, https://doi.org/10.1130/2006.2405(04).","startPage":"57","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215472,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2006.2405(04)"},{"id":243280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"405","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0099e4b0c8380cd4f7f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kohl, I.","contributorId":25007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohl","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simonson, B.M.","contributorId":87774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simonson","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berke, M.","contributorId":103878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berke","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70035443,"text":"70035443 - 2006 - Geology of the Yucca Mountain region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035443","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2711,"text":"Memoir of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of the Yucca Mountain region","docAbstract":"Yucca Mountain has been proposed as the site for the nation's first geologic repository for high-level radioactive waste. This chapter provides the geologic framework for the Yucca Mountain region. The regional geologic units range in age from late Precambrian through Holocene, and these are described briefly. Yucca Mountain is composed dominantly of pyroclastic units that range in age from 11.4 to 15.2 Ma. The proposed repository would be constructed within the Topopah Spring Tuff, which is the lower of two major zoned and welded ash-flow tuffs within the Paintbrush Group. The two welded tuffs are separated by the partly to nonwelded Pah Canyon Tuff and Yucca Mountain Tuff, which together figure prominently in the hydrology of the unsaturated zone. The Quaternary deposits are primarily alluvial sediments with minor basaltic cinder cones and flows. Both have been studied extensively because of their importance in predicting the long-term performance of the proposed repository. Basaltic volcanism began ca. 10 Ma and continued as recently as ca. 80 ka with the eruption of cones and flows at Lathrop Wells, ???10 km south-southwest of Yucca Mountain. Geologic structure in the Yucca Mountain region is complex. During the latest Paleozoic and Mesozoic, strong compressional forces caused tight folding and thrust faulting. The present regional setting is one of extension, and normal faulting has been active from the Miocene through to the present. There are three major local tectonic domains: (1) Basin and Range, (2) Walker Lane, and (3) Inyo-Mono. Each domain has an effect on the stability of Yucca Mountain. ?? 2007 Geological Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Memoir of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2007.1199(02)","issn":"00721069","usgsCitation":"Stuckless, J., and O’Leary, D.W., 2006, Geology of the Yucca Mountain region: Memoir of the Geological Society of America, v. 199, p. 9-50, https://doi.org/10.1130/2007.1199(02).","startPage":"9","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215498,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2007.1199(02)"},{"id":243308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"199","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a26d4e4b0c8380cd593ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuckless, J. S.","contributorId":6060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Leary, Dennis W.","contributorId":91501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Leary","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028376,"text":"70028376 - 2006 - Resource availability controls fungal diversity across a plant diversity gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70028376","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1466,"text":"Ecology Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resource availability controls fungal diversity across a plant diversity gradient","docAbstract":"Despite decades of research, the ecological determinants of microbial diversity remain poorly understood. Here, we test two alternative hypotheses concerning the factors regulating fungal diversity in soil. The first states that higher levels of plant detritus production increase the supply of limiting resources (i.e. organic substrates) thereby increasing fungal diversity. Alternatively, greater plant diversity increases the range of organic substrates entering soil, thereby increasing the number of niches to be filled by a greater array of heterotrophic fungi. These two hypotheses were simultaneously examined in experimental plant communities consisting of one to 16 species that have been maintained for a decade. We used ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA), in combination with cloning and sequencing, to quantify fungal community composition and diversity within the experimental plant communities. We used soil microbial biomass as a temporally integrated measure of resource supply. Plant diversity was unrelated to fungal diversity, but fungal diversity was a unimodal function of resource supply. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated that plant diversity showed a relationship to fungal community composition, although the occurrence of RISA bands and operational taxonomic units (OTUs) did not differ among the treatments. The relationship between fungal diversity and resource availability parallels similar relationships reported for grasslands, tropical forests, coral reefs, and other biotic communities, strongly suggesting that the same underlying mechanisms determine the diversity of organisms at multiple scales. ?? 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/CNRS.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00965.x","issn":"1461023X","usgsCitation":"Waldrop, M., Zak, D., Blackwood, C., Curtis, C., and Tilman, D., 2006, Resource availability controls fungal diversity across a plant diversity gradient: Ecology Letters, v. 9, no. 10, p. 1127-1135, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00965.x.","startPage":"1127","endPage":"1135","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477509,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=retrieve&db=pubmed&list_uids=16972876&dopt=citation","text":"External Repository"},{"id":210406,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00965.x"},{"id":237312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-09-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa9ece4b0c8380cd8604b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waldrop, M. P. 0000-0003-1829-7140","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-7140","contributorId":105104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldrop","given":"M. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zak, D.R.","contributorId":55625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zak","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blackwood, C.B.","contributorId":12256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwood","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Curtis, C.D.","contributorId":53589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tilman, D.","contributorId":58595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilman","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028373,"text":"70028373 - 2006 - Association of the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake and seismicity near Summervile with a 12º bend in the East Coast fault system and triple-fault junctions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-20T08:50:35","indexId":"70028373","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3443,"text":"Southeastern Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Association of the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake and seismicity near Summervile with a 12º bend in the East Coast fault system and triple-fault junctions","docAbstract":"<p>Seismic-reflection data were integrated with other geophysical, geologic, and seismicity data to better determine the location and nature of buried faults in the Charleston, South Carolina, region. Our results indicate that the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake and seismicity near Summerville are related to local stresses caused by a 12?? bend in the East Coast fault system (ECFS) and two triple-fault junctions. One triple junction is formed by the intersection of the northwest-trending Ashley River fault with the two segments of the ECFS north and south of the bend. The other triple junction is formed by the intersection of the northeast-trending Summerville fault and a newly discovered northwest-trending Berkeley fault with the ECFS about 10 km north of the bend. The Summerville fault is a northwest-dipping border fault of the Triassic-age Jedburg basin that is undergoing reverse-style reactivation. This reverse-style reactivation is unusual because the Summerville fault parallels the regional stress field axis, suggesting that the reactivation is from stresses applied by dextral motion on the ECFS. The southwest-dip and reverse-type motion of the Berkeley fault are interpreted from seismicity data and a seismic-reflection profile in the western part of the study area. Our results also indicate that the East Coast fault system is a Paleozoic basement fault and that its reactivation since early Mesozoic time has fractured through the overlying allochthonous terranes.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00383678","usgsCitation":"Marple, R., and Miller, R., 2006, Association of the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake and seismicity near Summervile with a 12º bend in the East Coast fault system and triple-fault junctions: Southeastern Geology, v. 44, no. 3, p. 101-127.","startPage":"101","endPage":"127","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee92e4b0c8380cd49e26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marple, R.","contributorId":62819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marple","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R.","contributorId":19118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028356,"text":"70028356 - 2006 - Integration of P- and SH-wave high-resolution seismic reflection and micro-gravity techniques to improve interpretation of shallow subsurface structure: New Madrid seismic zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:45","indexId":"70028356","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integration of P- and SH-wave high-resolution seismic reflection and micro-gravity techniques to improve interpretation of shallow subsurface structure: New Madrid seismic zone","docAbstract":"Shallow high-resolution seismic reflection surveys have traditionally been restricted to either compressional (P) or horizontally polarized shear (SH) waves in order to produce 2-D images of subsurface structure. The northernmost Mississippi embayment and coincident New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ) provide an ideal laboratory to study the experimental use of integrating P- and SH-wave seismic profiles, integrated, where practicable, with micro-gravity data. In this area, the relation between \"deeper\" deformation of Paleozoic bedrock associated with the formation of the Reelfoot rift and NMSZ seismicity and \"shallower\" deformation of overlying sediments has remained elusive, but could be revealed using integrated P- and SH-wave reflection. Surface expressions of deformation are almost non-existent in this region, which makes seismic reflection surveying the only means of detecting structures that are possibly pertinent to seismic hazard assessment. Since P- and SH-waves respond differently to the rock and fluid properties and travel at dissimilar speeds, the resulting seismic profiles provide complementary views of the subsurface based on different levels of resolution and imaging capability. P-wave profiles acquired in southwestern Illinois and western Kentucky (USA) detect faulting of deep, Paleozoic bedrock and Cretaceous reflectors while coincident SH-wave surveys show that this deformation propagates higher into overlying Tertiary and Quaternary strata. Forward modeling of micro-gravity data acquired along one of the seismic profiles further supports an interpretation of faulting of bedrock and Cretaceous strata. The integration of the two seismic and the micro-gravity methods therefore increases the scope for investigating the relation between the older and younger deformation in an area of critical seismic hazard. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.024","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Bexfield, C., McBride, J., Pugin, A.J., Ravat, D., Biswas, S., Nelson, W., Larson, T., Sargent, S., Fillerup, M., Tingey, B., Wald, L., Northcott, M., South, J., Okure, M., and Chandler, M., 2006, Integration of P- and SH-wave high-resolution seismic reflection and micro-gravity techniques to improve interpretation of shallow subsurface structure: New Madrid seismic zone: Tectonophysics, v. 420, no. 1-2, p. 5-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.024.","startPage":"5","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210160,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.024"},{"id":236996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"420","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c87e4b0c8380cd62df6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bexfield, C.E.","contributorId":86547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bexfield","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McBride, J.H.","contributorId":99712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pugin, Andre J. M.","contributorId":31956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugin","given":"Andre","email":"","middleInitial":"J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ravat, D.","contributorId":102971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ravat","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Biswas, S.","contributorId":45888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biswas","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nelson, W.J.","contributorId":17762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Larson, T.H.","contributorId":50666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sargent, S.L.","contributorId":75299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargent","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fillerup, M.A.","contributorId":19762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fillerup","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tingey, B.E.","contributorId":73397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tingey","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wald, L.","contributorId":64845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Northcott, M.L.","contributorId":43557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Northcott","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"South, J.V.","contributorId":72188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"South","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Okure, M.S.","contributorId":98100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okure","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Chandler, M.R.","contributorId":51082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70028352,"text":"70028352 - 2006 - Crustal structure of mainland China from deep seismic sounding data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-28T15:14:15.229093","indexId":"70028352","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal structure of mainland China from deep seismic sounding data","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id13\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id14\"><p>Since 1958, about ninety seismic refraction/wide angle reflection profiles, with a cumulative length of more than sixty thousand kilometers, have been completed in mainland China. We summarize the results in the form of (1) a new contour map of crustal thickness, (2) fourteen representative crustal seismic velocity–depth columns for various tectonic units, and, (3) a Pn velocity map. We found a north–south-trending belt with a strong lateral gradient in crustal thickness in central China. This belt divides China into an eastern region, with a crustal thickness of 30–45&nbsp;km, and a western region, with a thickness of 45–75&nbsp;km. The crust in these two regions has experienced different evolutionary processes, and currently lies within distinct tectonic stress fields. Our compilation finds that there is a high-velocity (7.1–7.4&nbsp;km/s) layer in the lower crust of the stable Tarim basin and Ordos plateau. However, in young orogenic belts, including parts of eastern China, the Tianshan and the Tibetan plateau, this layer is often absent. One exception is southern Tibet, where the presence of a high-velocity layer is related to the northward injection of the cold Indian plate. This high-velocity layer is absent in northern Tibet. In orogenic belts, there usually is a low-velocity layer (LVL) in the crust, but in stable regions this layer seldom exists. The Pn velocities in eastern China generally range from 7.9 to 8.1&nbsp;km/s and tend to be isotropic. Pn velocities in western China are more variable, ranging from 7.7 to 8.2&nbsp;km/s, and may display azimuthal anisotropy.</p></div></div></div>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.026","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Li, S., Mooney, W.D., and Fan, J., 2006, Crustal structure of mainland China from deep seismic sounding data: Tectonophysics, v. 420, no. 1-2, p. 239-252, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.026.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"252","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science 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96412],[120.72579,52.51623],[120.17709,52.75389],[121.00308,53.2514],[122.24575,53.43173],[123.57151,53.4588],[125.06821,53.16104],[125.94635,52.7928],[126.5644,51.78426],[126.93916,51.35389],[127.28746,50.7398],[127.65741,49.76027]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"China\"}}]}","volume":"420","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcece4b0c8380cd4e504","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, S.","contributorId":41969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fan, J.","contributorId":40744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fan","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70028328,"text":"70028328 - 2006 - Evaluating uncertainty in predicting spatially variable representative elementary scales in fractured aquifers, with application to Turkey Creek Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T16:58:10","indexId":"70028328","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating uncertainty in predicting spatially variable representative elementary scales in fractured aquifers, with application to Turkey Creek Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p><span>Computational limitations and sparse field data often mandate use of continuum representation for modeling hydrologic processes in large‐scale fractured aquifers. Selecting appropriate element size is of primary importance because continuum approximation is not valid for all scales. The traditional approach is to select elements by identifying a single representative elementary scale (RES) for the region of interest. Recent advances indicate RES may be spatially variable, prompting unanswered questions regarding the ability of sparse data to spatially resolve continuum equivalents in fractured aquifers. We address this uncertainty of estimating RES using two techniques. In one technique we employ data‐conditioned realizations generated by sequential Gaussian simulation. For the other we develop a new approach using conditioned random walks and nonparametric bootstrapping (CRWN). We evaluate the effectiveness of each method under three fracture densities, three data sets, and two groups of RES analysis parameters. In sum, 18 separate RES analyses are evaluated, which indicate RES magnitudes may be reasonably bounded using uncertainty analysis, even for limited data sets and complex fracture structure. In addition, we conduct a field study to estimate RES magnitudes and resulting uncertainty for Turkey Creek Basin, a crystalline fractured rock aquifer located 30 km southwest of Denver, Colorado. Analyses indicate RES does not correlate to rock type or local relief in several instances but is generally lower within incised creek valleys and higher along mountain fronts. Results of this study suggest that (1) CRWN is an effective and computationally efficient method to estimate uncertainty, (2) RES predictions are well constrained using uncertainty analysis, and (3) for aquifers such as Turkey Creek Basin, spatial variability of RES is significant and complex.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004431","usgsCitation":"Wellman, T., and Poeter, E.P., 2006, Evaluating uncertainty in predicting spatially variable representative elementary scales in fractured aquifers, with application to Turkey Creek Basin, Colorado: Water Resources Research, v. 42, no. 8, Article W08410; 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004431.","productDescription":"Article W08410; 21 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c03e4b0c8380cd529ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wellman, Tristan P.","contributorId":56500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellman","given":"Tristan P.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":417547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poeter, Eileen P.","contributorId":78805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poeter","given":"Eileen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028327,"text":"70028327 - 2006 - Landslides caused by the M 7.6 Tecomán, Mexico earthquake of January 21, 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-20T11:12:14","indexId":"70028327","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landslides caused by the M 7.6 Tecomán, Mexico earthquake of January 21, 2003","docAbstract":"<p id=\"\">The Tecom&aacute;n, Mexico earthquake (also called the &ldquo;Colima earthquake&rdquo;) of January 21, 2003 (M 7.6) triggered several hundreds of landslides in the coastal cordilleras of Colima State, near the earthquake source, and several thousands in the volcanic highlands north and northwest of Colima City. These landslides, mostly shallow and disrupted failures, caused minor damage to roads, to a railroad, and to irrigation systems. In one area, extensive, post-earthquake rock-fall activity indicates a possible long-term instability that could threaten dwellings and other infrastructure located nearby. In the coastal cordilleras, most of the landslides were generated by failures of artificially cut slopes, especially along roads. The rocks of the coastal cordilleras are generally well indurated, and landslides occurred only where the rocks were made locally susceptible by weathering, the presence of prominent discontinuities with unfavorable orientations, or intense fracturing or shearing.</p>\n<p id=\"\">In contrast to the coastal cordilleras, the volcanic rocks to the north were more susceptible to the occurrence of seismically triggered landslides. The greatest number and concentrations of landslides occurred there, and the landslides were larger than those in the coastal cordilleras, even though this volcanic terrain was farther from the earthquake source. Here, stretches of river bluffs several hundred meters long had been stripped of vegetation and surficial material by coalescing landslides, and several days after the main shock, thousands of small rock falls were still occurring each day, indicating an ongoing hazard. The high susceptibility of volcanic materials to earthquake-generated landslides conforms to findings in other recent earthquakes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.02.017","issn":"00137952","usgsCitation":"Keefer, D.K., Wartman, J., Navarro, O.C., Rodriguez-Marek, A., and Wieczorek, G.F., 2006, Landslides caused by the M 7.6 Tecomán, Mexico earthquake of January 21, 2003: Engineering Geology, v. 86, no. 2-3, p. 183-197, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.02.017.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"197","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210186,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.02.017"}],"volume":"86","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4459e4b0c8380cd66a2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keefer, David K.","contributorId":77930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wartman, Joseph","contributorId":9053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wartman","given":"Joseph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Navarro, Ochoa C.","contributorId":54011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Navarro","given":"Ochoa","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rodriguez-Marek, Adrian","contributorId":67711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez-Marek","given":"Adrian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wieczorek, Gerald F.","contributorId":81889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028306,"text":"70028306 - 2006 - Mobilization of lead and other trace elements following shock chlorination of wells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70028306","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mobilization of lead and other trace elements following shock chlorination of wells","docAbstract":"Many owners of domestic wells shock chlorinate their wells to treat for bacterial contamination or control bad odors from sulfides. Analysis of well water with four wells from Fallon, Nevada, showed that following recommended procedures for shock chlorinating wells can cause large, short-lasting increases in trace-element concentrations in ground water, particularly for Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn. Lead concentrations increased up to 745 fold between samples collected just before the well was shock chlorinated and the first sample collected 22-24??h later; Zn concentrations increased up to 252 fold, Fe concentrations increased up to 114 fold, and Cu concentrations increased up to 29 fold. Lead concentrations returned to near background levels following pumping of about one casing volume, however, in one well an estimated 120??mg of excess Pb were pumped before concentrations returned to prechlorination levels. Total Pb concentrations were much greater than filtered (0.45????m) concentrations, indicating the excess Pb is principally particulate. Recommended procedures for purging treated wells following shock chlorination may be ineffective because a strong NaOCl solution can remain in the casing above the pump even following extended pumping. Only small changes in gross alpha and beta radioactivity occurred following shock chlorination. USEPA has not promulgated drinking-water standards for 210Pb, however, measured 210Pb activities in the study area typically were less than the Canadian Maximum Acceptable Concentration of 100??mBq/L. By consuming well water shortly after shock chlorination the public may inadvertently be exposed to levels of Pb, and possibly 210Pb, that exceed drinking-water standards.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.01.020","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Seiler, R.L., 2006, Mobilization of lead and other trace elements following shock chlorination of wells: Science of the Total Environment, v. 367, no. 2-3, p. 757-768, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.01.020.","startPage":"757","endPage":"768","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210375,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.01.020"},{"id":237273,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"367","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b97e4b0c8380cd6f67c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seiler, R. L.","contributorId":87546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seiler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70028270,"text":"70028270 - 2006 - Modeling regional initiation of rainfall-induced shallow landslides in the eastern Umbria Region of central Italy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028270","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2604,"text":"Landslides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling regional initiation of rainfall-induced shallow landslides in the eastern Umbria Region of central Italy","docAbstract":"We model the rainfall-induced initiation of shallow landslides over a broad region using a deterministic approach, the Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-based Slope-stability (TRIGRS) model that couples an infinite-slope stability analysis with a one-dimensional analytical solution for transient pore pressure response to rainfall infiltration. This model permits the evaluation of regional shallow landslide susceptibility in a Geographic Information System framework, and we use it to analyze susceptibility to shallow landslides in an area in the eastern Umbria Region of central Italy. As shown on a landslide inventory map produced by the Italian National Research Council, the area has been affected in the past by shallow landslides, many of which have transformed into debris flows. Input data for the TRIGRS model include time-varying rainfall, topographic slope, colluvial thickness, initial water table depth, and material strength and hydraulic properties. Because of a paucity of input data, we focus on parametric analyses to calibrate and test the model and show the effect of variation in material properties and initial water table conditions on the distribution of simulated instability in the study area in response to realistic rainfall. Comparing the results with the shallow landslide inventory map, we find more than 80% agreement between predicted shallow landslide susceptibility and the inventory, despite the paucity of input data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landslides","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10346-006-0037-0","issn":"1612510X","usgsCitation":"Salciarini, D., Godt, J., Savage, W.Z., Conversini, P., Baum, R., and Michael, J.A., 2006, Modeling regional initiation of rainfall-induced shallow landslides in the eastern Umbria Region of central Italy: Landslides, v. 3, no. 3, p. 181-194, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-006-0037-0.","startPage":"181","endPage":"194","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210345,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-006-0037-0"},{"id":237238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c21e4b0c8380cd6fa6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Salciarini, D.","contributorId":59255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salciarini","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godt, J. W.","contributorId":76732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savage, W. Z.","contributorId":106481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conversini, P.","contributorId":59307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conversini","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baum, R.L.","contributorId":68752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Michael, J. A.","contributorId":48567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70028235,"text":"70028235 - 2006 - Remote sensing studies of the Dionysius region of the Moon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-11T13:22:32","indexId":"70028235","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote sensing studies of the Dionysius region of the Moon","docAbstract":"<p>The Dionysius region is located near the western edge of Mare Tranquillitatis and is centered on Dionysius crater, which exhibits a well-developed dark ray system. Proposed origins for these dark rays included impact melt deposits and dark primary ejecta. The region also contains extensive deposits of Cayley-type light plains. Clementine multispectral images and a variety of spacecraft photography were utilized to investigate the composition and origin of geologic units in the Dionysius region. The portions of the dark rays for which spectral and chemical data were obtained are composed of mare debris contaminated with minor amounts of highland material. Both five-point spectra and values of the optical maturity (OMAT) parameter indicate that the dark rays are dominated by mare basalts, not glassy impact melts. The high-albedo rays associated with Dionysius exhibit FeO and TiO2 values that are lower than those of the adjacent dark ray surfaces and OMAT values that indicate that bright ray surfaces are not fully mature. The high-albedo rays are bright largely because of the contrast in albedo between ray material containing highlands-rich ejecta and the adjacent mare-rich surfaces. The mafic debris ejected by Dionysius was derived from a dark, iron-rich unit exposed high on the inner wall of the crater. This layer probably represents a mare deposit that was present at the surface of the preimpact target site. With one possible exception, there is no evidence for buried mare basalts associated with Cayley plains in the region.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2005JE002639","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Giguere, T.A., Hawke, B.R., Gaddis, L.R., Blewett, D.T., Gillis-Davis, J., Lucey, P.G., Smith, G., Spudis, P.D., and Taylor, G., 2006, Remote sensing studies of the Dionysius region of the Moon: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 111, no. E6, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JE002639.","productDescription":"11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486893,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005je002639","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"E6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa710e4b0c8380cd851de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giguere, Thomas A.","contributorId":11030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giguere","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hawke, B. Ray","contributorId":76570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawke","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gaddis, Lisa R. 0000-0001-9953-5483 lgaddis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-5483","contributorId":2817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaddis","given":"Lisa","email":"lgaddis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":417176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blewett, David T.","contributorId":127835,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blewett","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7166,"text":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":417174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gillis-Davis, J. J.","contributorId":83732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillis-Davis","given":"J. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lucey, Paul G.","contributorId":100218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucey","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, G.A. 0000-0001-8170-9924","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8170-9924","contributorId":38350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Spudis, P. D.","contributorId":58719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spudis","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12445,"text":"Lunar and Planetary Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":417170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Taylor, G.J.","contributorId":76927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":1015171,"text":"1015171 - 2006 - Migration stopovers and the conservation of arctic-breeding Calidrine sandpipers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T13:20:39","indexId":"1015171","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migration stopovers and the conservation of arctic-breeding Calidrine sandpipers","docAbstract":"<p>Long-distance migration, one of the most physically demanding events in the animal kingdom, is well developed in many species of Charadriidae and Scolopacidae. Some shorebirds renowned for their extraordinary long-distance migrations, notably American Golden-Plover (<i>Pluvialis dominica</i>), Red Knot (<i>Calidris canutus rufa</i>), and White-rumped Sandpiper (<i>C. fuscicollis</i>), travel as many as 15,000 km between southern South American wintering grounds and Canadian Arctic breeding areas. Migration strategies of shorebirds vary in many aspects. There are remarkable accounts of shorebirds, such as northbound Red Knots, that stage in a few key sites for 2–3 weeks and lay on extensive body stores, then fly nonstop for distances of ≤2,500 km (Harrington 2001, Piersma et al. 2005). Less well known are the examples of populations that refuel only briefly at stopover sites, disperse broadly on the landscape, and fly shorter distances between sites (Skagen 1997, Haig et al. 1998, Warnock et al. 1998). This latter pattern applies to many long-distance migrant shorebirds that cross the interior plains of North America during spring and fall migrations. For them, interior wetland complexes provide critical refueling resources along the direct routes between summering and wintering grounds (Skagen et al. 1999). In this issue of The Auk, Krapu et al. (2006) describe patterns and implications of fat deposition by Semipalmated Sandpipers (<i>C. pusilla</i>), White-rumped Sandpipers, and Baird's Sandpipers (<i>C. bairdii</i>) refueling during northward migration across the prairies of mid-continental North America.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[313:MSATCO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Skagen, S.K., 2006, Migration stopovers and the conservation of arctic-breeding Calidrine sandpipers: The Auk, v. 123, no. 2, p. 313-322, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[313:MSATCO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"322","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477569,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[313:msatco]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635556","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skagen, Susan K. 0000-0002-6744-1244 skagens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-1244","contributorId":2009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skagen","given":"Susan","email":"skagens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":322418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1015192,"text":"1015192 - 2006 - Evaluating redband trout habitat in sagebrush desert basins in southwestern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-28T10:21:12","indexId":"1015192","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating redband trout habitat in sagebrush desert basins in southwestern Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>We estimated abundance quantiles of redband trout <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri</i> relative to five site-specific habitat variables (stream shading, bank cover, bank stability, fine sediment in the stream substrate, and cover for adults) and one landscape variable (distance from stream headwaters) on 30 streams in southwestern Idaho during 1993–1998. In addition, the five site-specific habitat variables were used to calculate a habitat suitability rating (HSR) used by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management to determine habitat quality of sagebrush desert streams for redband trout. Variation in abundance increased significantly with increasing HSR; the highest abundances were only found with high HSRs, indicating that the HSR model correctly predicted habitat quality for redband trout. However, a model that consisted of stream shade, distance from stream headwaters, and their interaction best predicted redband trout density, explaining 36% of the variation in adult density in sagebrush desert basin streams; stream shade explained most of the variation in redband trout density. When habitat quality was modeled on shade alone, the precision in predicting adult redband trout density was similar to that of the HSR model, as evaluated with tolerance intervals that contained 80% of future observations of redband trout density with 95% confidence. Increasing stream shade in the uppermost 50 km of a stream would result in the greatest increase in redband trout density. We recommend that land managers primarily evaluate the habitat quality of sagebrush desert streams by quantifying the amount of stream shade provided by riparian shrubs and trees. Use of a multivariable habitat model should be retained for desert streams where shade from riparian plant communities is limited.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/M04-115.1","usgsCitation":"Zoellick, B., and Cade, B., 2006, Evaluating redband trout habitat in sagebrush desert basins in southwestern Idaho: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 26, no. 2, p. 268-281, https://doi.org/10.1577/M04-115.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"268","endPage":"281","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a03e4b07f02db5f8242","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zoellick, B.W.","contributorId":97860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoellick","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cade, B.S.","contributorId":47315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"B.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}