Volcanic rocks, mostly basalts and some andesites, are interbedded with middle Miocene strata and are overlain by younger rocks throughout the greater part of the Los Angeles Basin, California. Roughly correlative flows, previously dated radiometrically (or paleontologically) at about 16.4 to 10.7 Ma, crop out in five separate regions around the basin perimeter. Los Angeles Basin volcanic rocks have special meaning because they offer clues to tectonomagmatic events associated with onset of clockwise transrotation of the western Transverse Ranges region and to the timing and locus of the initial basin opening.
\nWhole-rock 40Ar/39Ar dating of near-tholeiitic olivine basalts of the Topanga Formation (Hoots, 1931) from three sites in the easternmost Santa Monica Mountains, combined with 87Sr/86Sr dating of fossil carbonates from interstratified marine beds at nine sites, establish a new age of 17.4 Ma for these oldest known Topanga-age volcanics of the Los Angeles Basin. We also record three new 40Ar/39Ar ages (15.3 Ma) from andesitic flows of the lower Glendora Volcanics at the northeast edge of the basin, 70 km east of the Santa Monica Mountains. A whole-rock determination of 17.2±0.5 Ma for nearby altered olivine basalt in the unfossiliferous Glendora volcanic sequence is questionable because of a complex 40Ar/39Ar age spectrum suggestive of 39Ar recoil, but it may indicate an older volcanic unit in this eastern area.
\nWe hypothesize that the 17.4-Ma volcanics in the eastern Santa Monica Mountains are an early expression of deep crustal magmatism accompanying the earliest extensional tectonism associated with rifting. The extremely thick younger volcanic pile in the western and central parts of the range may suggest that this early igneous activity in the eastern area was premonitory. Paleomagnetic declination data are needed to determine the pre-transrotational orientation of the eastern Santa Monica Mountains volcanic sequence. The new age determinations do not yield unequivocal support for either of two proposed explanations of possible age trends of Miocene volcanic rocks in southern California but underscore the need for further work.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1669","usgsCitation":"McCulloh, T.H., Fleck, R.J., Denison, R.E., Beyer, L.A., and Stanley, R.G., 2002, Age and tectonic significance of volcanic rocks in the northern Los Angeles Basin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1669, iii, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1669.","productDescription":"iii, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":81988,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1669/pdf/pp1669.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124313,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1669/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":3770,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1669/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Los Angeles Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.5,33.5 ], [ -118.5,34.25 ], [ -117.75,34.25 ], [ -117.75,33.5 ], [ -118.5,33.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6896e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCulloh, Thane H.","contributorId":100450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCulloh","given":"Thane","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleck, Robert J. 0000-0002-3149-8249 fleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3149-8249","contributorId":1048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Robert","email":"fleck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denison, Rodger E.","contributorId":42994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denison","given":"Rodger","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beyer, Larry A. lbeyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"Larry","email":"lbeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stanley, Richard G. 0000-0001-6192-8783 rstanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":1832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Richard","email":"rstanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":50587,"text":"ofr02498 - 2002 - Geologic map and digital database of the San Bernardino Wash 7.5 minute quadrangle, Riverside County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-23T16:47:54.251395","indexId":"ofr02498","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-498","title":"Geologic map and digital database of the San Bernardino Wash 7.5 minute quadrangle, Riverside County, California","docAbstract":"The geologic map and digital database of the San Bernardino Wash quadrangle are products of a regional geologic mapping effort undertaken in the eastern Transverse Ranges in and around Joshua Tree National Park. This investigation, part of the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), is conducted in cooperation with the California Geologic Survey and the National Park Service. In line with the goals of the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program (NCGMP), mapping of the San Bernardino Wash and other quadrangles has been directed toward generating a multipurpose digital geologic map database that is applicable to land-related investigations in the earth and biological sciences. This mapping is conducted to further understanding of bedrock geology and surficial processes in the region and to document evidence for seismotectonic activity in the eastern Transverse Ranges. It is also intended to serve as a base layer suitable for ecosystem and mineral resource assessment and for building a hydrogeologic framework for Pinto Basin.
\nInitial investigations span Pinto Basin from the Hexie and Eagle Mountains northward into the Pinto Mountains (see fig. 1). Quadrangles mapped include the Conejo Well 7.5-minute quadrangle (Powell, 2001a), the Porcupine Wash 7.5-minute quadrangle (Powell, 2001b), the Pinto Mountain 7.5-minute quadrangle (Powell, 2002), and the San Bernardino Wash 7.5-minute quadrangle. Parts of the San Bernardino Wash quadrangle had been mapped previously at a variety of scales (Weir, and Bader, 1963; Hope, 1966, 1969; Jennings, 1967; Powell, 1981, 1993).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02498","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service and the California Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Powell, R.E., and Cossette, P.M., 2002, Geologic map and digital database of the San Bernardino Wash 7.5 minute quadrangle, Riverside County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-498, Pamphlet: ii, 28 p.; 1 Plate: 44.07 x 33.83 inches; Readme; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02498.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: ii, 28 p.; 1 Plate: 44.07 x 33.83 inches; Readme; Metadata","numberOfPages":"30","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178743,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02498.jpg"},{"id":285201,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0498/sbwash_map.ps.gz"},{"id":285203,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0498/sbwash.tar.gz"},{"id":285200,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0498/pdf/sbwash_map.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":285202,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0498/pdf/sbwash_pamph.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":4392,"rank":8,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0498/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":285198,"rank":7,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0498/pdf/sbwash_readme.pdf"},{"id":285199,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0498/sbwash_met.html"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Lambert conformal conic projection","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside County","otherGeospatial":"Joshua Tree National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.75,33.875 ], [ -115.75,34.0 ], [ -115.625,34.0 ], [ -115.625,33.875 ], [ -115.75,33.875 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a49c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, Robert E. 0000-0001-7682-1655 rpowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-1655","contributorId":4210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Robert","email":"rpowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cossette, Pamela M. 0000-0002-9608-6595","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9608-6595","contributorId":35005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cossette","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":47756,"text":"wri024234 - 2002 - Simulation of ground-water flow and evaluation of water-management alternatives in the upper Charles River basin, eastern Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-11T13:37:32.812392","indexId":"wri024234","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4234","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow and evaluation of water-management alternatives in the upper Charles River basin, eastern Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Ground water is the primary source of drinking water for towns in the upper Charles River Basin, an area of 105 square miles in eastern Massachusetts that is undergoing rapid growth. The stratified-glacial aquifers in the basin are high yield, but also are thin, discontinuous, and in close hydraulic connection with streams, ponds, and wetlands. Water withdrawals averaged 10.1 million gallons per day in 1989?98 and are likely to increase in response to rapid growth. These withdrawals deplete streamflow and lower pond levels. A study was conducted to develop tools for evaluating water-management alternatives at the regional scale in the basin. Geologic and hydrologic data were compiled and collected to characterize the ground- and surface-water systems. Numerical flow modeling techniques were applied to evaluate the effects of increased withdrawals and altered recharge on ground-water levels, pond levels, and stream base flow. Simulation-optimization methods also were applied to test their efficacy for management of multiple water-supply and water-resource needs. \r\n\r\nSteady-state and transient ground-water-flow models were developed using the numerical modeling code MODFLOW-2000. The models were calibrated to 1989?98 average annual conditions of water withdrawals, water levels, and stream base flow. Model recharge rates were varied spatially, by land use, surficial geology, and septic-tank return flow. Recharge was changed during model calibration by means of parameter-estimation techniques to better match the estimated average annual base flow; area-weighted rates averaged 22.5 inches per year for the basin. Water withdrawals accounted for about 7 percent of total simulated flows through the stream-aquifer system and were about equal in magnitude to model-calculated rates of ground-water evapotranspiration from wetlands and ponds in aquifer areas. Water withdrawals as percentages of total flow varied spatially and temporally within an average year; maximum values were 12 to 13 percent of total annual flow in some subbasins and of total monthly flow throughout the basin in summer and early fall. \r\n\r\nWater-management alternatives were evaluated by simulating hypothetical scenarios of increased withdrawals and altered recharge for average 1989?98 conditions with the flow models. Increased withdrawals to maximum State-permitted levels would result in withdrawals of about 15 million gallons per day, or about 50 percent more than current withdrawals. Model-calculated effects of these increased withdrawals included reductions in stream base flow that were greatest (as a percentage of total flow) in late summer and early fall. These reductions ranged from less than 5 percent to more than 60 percent of model-calculated 1989?98 base flow along reaches of the Charles River and major tributaries during low-flow periods. Reductions in base flow generally were comparable to upstream increases in withdrawals, but were slightly less than upstream withdrawals in areas where septic-system return flow was simulated. Increased withdrawals also increased the proportion of wastewater in the Charles River downstream of treatment facilities. The wastewater component increased downstream from a treatment facility in Milford from 80 percent of September base flow under 1989?98 conditions to 90 percent of base flow, and from 18 to 27 percent of September base flow downstream of a treatment facility in Medway. In another set of hypothetical scenarios, additional recharge equal to the transfer of water out of a typical subbasin by sewers was found to increase model-calculated base flows by about 12 percent of model-calculated base flows. Addition of recharge equal to that available from artificial recharge of residential rooftop runoff had smaller effects, augmenting simulated September base flow by about 3 percent. \r\n\r\nSimulation-optimization methods were applied to an area near Populatic Pond and the confluence of the Mill and Charles Rivers in Franklin,","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024234","usgsCitation":"DeSimone, L., Walter, D.A., Eggleston, J.R., and Nimiroski, M.T., 2002, Simulation of ground-water flow and evaluation of water-management alternatives in the upper Charles River basin, eastern Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4234, vii, 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024234.","productDescription":"vii, 94 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170495,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4083,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri024234/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"upper Charles River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.667,\n 42.25\n ],\n [\n -71.667,\n 41.9\n ],\n [\n -71.1958,\n 41.9\n ],\n [\n -71.1958,\n 42.25\n ],\n [\n -71.667,\n 42.25\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2e4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeSimone, Leslie A. 0000-0003-0774-9607 ldesimon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-9607","contributorId":176711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeSimone","given":"Leslie A.","email":"ldesimon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":236165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walter, Donald A. 0000-0003-0879-4477 dawalter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0879-4477","contributorId":1101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"Donald","email":"dawalter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":236164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eggleston, John R. 0000-0001-6633-3041 jegglest@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6633-3041","contributorId":3068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eggleston","given":"John","email":"jegglest@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":236166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nimiroski, Mark T.","contributorId":65898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimiroski","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":44914,"text":"wri014165 - 2002 - Water-table and potentiometric-surface altitudes of the upper glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd aquifers on Long Island, New York, in March-April 2000, with a summary of hydrogeologic conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-23T11:24:47","indexId":"wri014165","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4165","title":"Water-table and potentiometric-surface altitudes of the upper glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd aquifers on Long Island, New York, in March-April 2000, with a summary of hydrogeologic conditions","docAbstract":"The three main water-bearing units on Long Island, New York--the upper glacial aquifer (water table) and the underlying Magothy and Lloyd aquifers--are the sole source of water supply for more than 3 million people. Water-table and potentiometric-surface altitudes were contoured from water-level measurements made at 394 observation, public-supply, and industrial-supply wells during March-April 2000. In general, water-level altitudes in the upper glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd aquifers were lower throughout most parts of Long Island than those measured during March-April 1997. Changes in altitude during this period ranged from an increase of about 6 feet in the Magothy aquifer in southwestern Nassau County to a decrease of more than 8 feet in the upper glacial aquifer in eastern Suffolk County.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014165","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York City Department of Environmental ProtectionDirector, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
The Rocky Mountain region of Colorado and southern Wyoming receives as much as 7 kilograms per hectare per year ((kg/ha)/yr) of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, an amount that may have caused changes in aquatic and terrestrial life in otherwise pristine ecosystems. The Rocky Mountain National Park, in its role of protecting air-quality related values under provisions of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977, has provided support for this synthesis and critical assessment of published literature on the effects of atmospheric N deposition. Results from published studies indicate a long-term increase in the rate of atmospheric N deposition during the 20th century, but no region-wide increase during the past 2 decades, although the rate of atmospheric N deposition has increased at three sites east of the Continental Divide in the Front Range region since the mid-1980s. Much of the increase in atmospheric N deposition at all three sites has resulted from an increase in the ammonium concentrations of wet deposition; this suggests an increase in contributions from agricultural areas or from vehicle traffic east of the Rocky Mountains. Lakes at two study sites in the Front Range (Loch Vale and Green Lakes Valley) had NO3- concentrations of 30 to 40 micromoles per liter (µmol/L) during early spring snowmelt and remained at 5 to 10 µmol/L during summer. Retention of N in atmospheric wet deposition in some sub-catchments of these lakes was less than 50 percent, which reflects an advanced stage of N saturation. Nitrate concentrations in surface waters west of the Continental Divide were lower—often less than 10 µmol/L during snowmelt and less than 2 µmol/L during summer -- than surface waters east of the Divide, except in areas such as the Mt. Zirkel Wilderness that receive elevated amounts of atmospheric N deposition of 4 to 5 (kg/ha)/yr. Atmospheric N deposition in the Front Range east of the Divide may have altered the composition of alpine tundra-plant communities and lake diatoms, but additional studies would be needed to definitively demonstrate the hypothesized cause-and-effect relations. Rates of N-mineralization and nitrification in soils of the Front Range have increased in response to increased atmospheric N deposition. Projected future population growth and energy use in Colorado and the west increase the likelihood that the subtle effects of atmospheric N deposition now evident in the Front Range will become more pronounced and widespread in the future. The likelihood of future increased N emissions along the Front Range warrants a continuation of existing long-term precipitation and surface-water chemistry monitoring programs, and an expansion of the networks into areas that receive large amounts of atmospheric N deposition, but currently lack adequate monitoring. Long-term study and expanded sampling are needed to address uncertainties about the effects of atmospheric N deposition on terrestrial plant communities, nutrient limitation in lake plankton, shifts of dominant species within diatom communities, and on amphibian response to episodic surface-water acidification.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024066","usgsCitation":"Burns, D.A., 2002, The effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and southern Wyoming— A synthesis and critical assessment of published results: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4066, vi, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024066.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p.","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324388,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4066/wri20024066.pdf","text":"Report","size":"789 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2002-4066"},{"id":390702,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54261.htm"},{"id":173110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4066/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108,\n 37.4167\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 37.4167\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 41.3333\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 41.3333\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 37.4167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02405","usgsCitation":"Frederiksen, N.O., McIntyre, D.J., and Sheehan, T.P., 2002, Palynological dating of some Upper Cretaceous to Eocene outcrop and well samples from the region extending from the easternmost part of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska to the western part of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, North Slope of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-405, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02405.","productDescription":"37 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":392110,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52797.htm"},{"id":86333,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0405/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":175834,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0405/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, National Petroleum Reserve, North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152,\n 69.1667\n ],\n [\n -145,\n 69.1667\n ],\n [\n -145,\n 70.4\n ],\n [\n -152,\n 70.4\n ],\n [\n -152,\n 69.1667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689629","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frederiksen, Norman O.","contributorId":50880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frederiksen","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McIntyre, David J.","contributorId":78005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntyre","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheehan, Thomas P. tsheehan@usgs.gov","contributorId":4277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheehan","given":"Thomas","email":"tsheehan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":241759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":50585,"text":"ofr02493 - 2002 - Wisconsin aeromagnetic and gravity maps and data: A web site for distribution of data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-28T19:43:04.286342","indexId":"ofr02493","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-493","title":"Wisconsin aeromagnetic and gravity maps and data: A web site for distribution of data","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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using biological indices at selected sites in the Red Clay and White Clay Creek basins, Chester County, Pennsylvania, 1981-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-09T12:42:58","indexId":"fs11802","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"118-02","title":"Assessment of stream quality using biological indices at selected sites in the Red Clay and White Clay Creek basins, Chester County, Pennsylvania, 1981-97","docAbstract":"In 1970, the Chester County Water Resources Authority (Pennsylvania) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) established a long-term water-quality network with the goal of assessing the quality of streams in the county and understanding stream changes in response to urbanization using benthic-macroinvertebrate data. This database represents one of the longest continuous water-quality data sets in the country. Benthic macroinvertebrates are aquatic insects, such as mayflies, caddisflies, riffle beetles, and midges, and other invertebrates that live on the stream bottom. Benthic macroinvertebrates are useful in evaluating stream quality because their habitat preference and low motility cause them to be affected directly by substances that enter the aquatic system. By evaluating the diversity and community structure of benthic-macroinvertebrate populations, a determination of stream quality can be made.
Between 1981 and 1997, the water-quality network consisted of 43 sites in 5 major basins in Chester County—Delaware, Schuylkill, Brandywine, Big Elk and Octoraro, and Red and White Clay. Benthicmacroinvertebrate, water-chemistry, and habitat data were collected each year in October or November during base-flow conditions. Using these data, Reif evaluates the overall water-quality condition of Chester County streams. This Fact Sheet summarizes the key findings from Reif for streams in the Red Clay and White Clay Creek Basins. These streams include East Branch Red Clay Creek (site 26), West Branch Red Clay Creek (site 27), East Branch White Clay Creek (site 28), the Middle Branch White Clay Creek (site 29), and West Branch White Clay Creek (site 30). This summary includes an analysis of stream conditions on the basis of benthic-macroinvertebrate samples and an analysis of trends in stream conditions for the 17-year study period.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs11802","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Chester County Water Resources Authority","usgsCitation":"Reif, A.G., 2002, Assessment of stream quality using biological indices at selected sites in the Red Clay and White Clay Creek basins, Chester County, Pennsylvania, 1981-97: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 118-02, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs11802.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3747,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0118/fs20020118.pdf","text":"Report","size":"278 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2002-0118"},{"id":120557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0118/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
Introduction Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission rates from Kilauea Volcano were first measured by Stoiber and Malone (1975) and have been measured on a regular basis since 1979 (Greenland and others, 1985; Casadevall and others, 1987; Elias and others, 1998; Sutton and others, 2001). A compilation of SO2 emission-rate and wind-vector data from 1979 through 1997 is available as Open-File Report 98-462 (Elias and others, 1998) and on the web at http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/products/OF98462/. The purpose of this report is to update the existing database through 2001. Kilauea releases SO2 gas predominantly from its summit caldera and east rift zone (ERZ) (fig. 1), as described in previous reports (Elias and others, 1998; Sutton and others, 2001). These two distinct sources are quantified independently. The summit and east rift zone emission rates reported here were derived using vehicle-based Correlation Spectrometry (COSPEC) measurements as described in Elias and others (1998). In 1998 and 1999, these measurements were augmented with airborne and tripod-based surveys.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr2002460","usgsCitation":"Elias, T., and Sutton, A.J., 2002, Sulfur dioxide emission rates from Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, an update: 1998-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-460, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2002460.","productDescription":"29 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":176619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9570,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-460/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":389010,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_53980.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.30067443847656,\n 19.25605301966429\n ],\n [\n -155.0397491455078,\n 19.25605301966429\n ],\n [\n -155.0397491455078,\n 19.445226820142476\n ],\n [\n -155.30067443847656,\n 19.445226820142476\n ],\n [\n -155.30067443847656,\n 19.25605301966429\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db69984c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elias, Tamar 0000-0002-9592-4518 telias@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4518","contributorId":3916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"Tamar","email":"telias@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutton, A. Jefferson","contributorId":47860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jefferson","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70205408,"text":"70205408 - 2002 - Historical trend in ice thickness on the Piscataquis River in central Maine.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-19T11:28:00","indexId":"70205408","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-31T12:50:11","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Historical trend in ice thickness on the Piscataquis River in central Maine.","docAbstract":"We analyzed a long-term record of ice thickness on the Piscataquis River in central Maine to determine whether there were temporal trends that were associated with climate warming. Trends in ice thickness were compared and correlated with regional time series of winter air temperature, heating degree days (HDD) , date of river ice-out, seasonal center-of-volume date (SCVD) (date on which half of the stream runoff volume during the period 1 Jan and 31 May has occurred), water temperature, and lake ice-out date. All of these variables except lake ice-out date showed significant temporal trends during the 20th century. Average ice thickness around 28 Feb. decreased by about 23 cm from 1912 to 2001. Over the period 1900 to 1999, winter air temperature increased by 1.7 ˚C and HDD decreased by about 7.5%. Final ice-out date on the Piscataquis River occurred earlier (advanced), by 0.23 days yr–1 over the period 1931 to 2002. The SCVD advanced by 0.11 days yr–1 over the period 1903 to 2001. Ice thickness was significantly correlated with winter air temperature, HDD, river ice-out, and SCVD (P-value < 0.01). These systematic temporal trends in multiple hydrologic indicator variables indicate a coherent response to climate forcing.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 59th Eastern Snow Conference, June 5-7, 2002, Stowe, VT","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Army Corps of Engineers","isbn":"9780920081242","usgsCitation":"Huntington, T.G., Dudley, R.W., and Hodgkins, G.A., 2002, Historical trend in ice thickness on the Piscataquis River in central Maine., in Proceedings of the 59th Eastern Snow Conference, June 5-7, 2002, Stowe, VT, p. 299-312.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"312","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":367484,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":367544,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.easternsnow.org/esc-2002"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Piscataquis River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":1884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hodgkins, Glenn A. 0000-0002-4916-5565 gahodgki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-5565","contributorId":2020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"Glenn","email":"gahodgki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":44618,"text":"b2202E - 2002 - Petroleum geology and total petroleum systems of the Widyan Basin and Interior Platform of Saudi Arabia and Iraq","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-03T14:59:26","indexId":"b2202E","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2202","chapter":"E","title":"Petroleum geology and total petroleum systems of the Widyan Basin and Interior Platform of Saudi Arabia and Iraq","docAbstract":"Two total petroleum systems are associated with the Widyan Basin - Interior Platform Province in northern Saudi Arabia and western Iraq. In the Paleozoic Qusaiba/Akkas/Abba/ Mudawwara Total Petroleum System, which consists of one assessment unit - the Horst/Graben-Related Oil and Gas Assessment Unit - high-gravity, low-sulfur crude oil, as well as natural gas, occurs in horst/graben-related traps that formed prior to, during, and after Hercynian deformation (Carboniferous). The source of oil and gas is from organic-rich marine shale at the base of the Silurian sedimentary sequence (Qusaiba, Akkas, Mudawwara, and Abba Formations) that was deposited under dysoxic to anoxic conditions in an intra-shelf basin located north of the Central Arabian Arch. Onset of oil generation in Iraq began about 250 million years ago (Ma) and in eastern Saudi Arabia about 160 Ma, reaching peak generation, expulsion, migration, and entrapment during the Jurassic Period. In Saudi Arabia, petroleum migrated into fluvial and eolian quartzose sandstones of the Carboniferous-Early Permian Unayzah Formation that overlies the Hercynian unconformity, filling in rifts and half-grabens to thicknesses ranging to more than 400 meters. Combined stratigraphic-structural traps exist where the Unayzah Formation is the reservoir, as is the case in central Saudi Arabia. Oil and gas are sealed in those reservoirs by overlying tight carbonate- evaporite strata, and by subunconformity pinchouts of Pre-Unayzah clastic reservoir units against impermeable facies. In Iraq, reservoirs are sandstones of the Ordovician Upper Khabour and Silurian Akkas Formations. Over most of the Southwestern Desert of Iraq, Lower Silurian shale is a seal for hydrocarbons in the underlying Ordovician Khabour Formation.
\nThe Jurassic Gotnia/Barsarin/Sargelu/Najmah Total Petroleum System has two assessment units: the Platform Horst/Graben- Related Oil Assessment Unit and the Basinal Oil and Gas Assessment Unit. All reservoirs are in the Upper Jurassic Najmah Limestone and Gotnia Formation in Iraq, and the correlative Arab Formation in Saudi Arabia, occurring as lenses of marine bar or shelf-margin calcarenites, calcarenitic limestone, and dolomite. These strata grade eastward into organic-rich source rocks that were deposited under anoxic and dysoxic conditions in three restricted intra-shelf basins - from north to south, the Gotnia, Arabian, and Southern Arabian Gulf Basins. Maturation of the Upper Jurassic source-rock formations (Sargelu and Naokelekan Formations in Iraq) began around 90 Ma; peak generation took place from 85 to 13 Ma. With time, the oil migrated updip and was trapped in calcarenite lenses. Later, oil remigrated and was trapped in anticlines that began to form in Early Cretaceous time. Younger Jurassic shale and anhydrite seal rocks are distributed throughout the total petroleum system.
\nThe Widyan Basin-Interior Platform Province (2023) ranks 17th in the world, exclusive of the United States, with 62.5 billion barrels of oil equivalent of total petroleum endowment (cumulative production plus remaining petroleum plus estimated mean undiscovered volumes). Mean estimates of undiscovered petroleum for the province, which includes both Paleozoic and Jurassic petroleum systems as well as portions of three additional total petroleum systems from adjacent provinces, are 21.22 billion barrels of oil, 94.75 trillion cubic feet of gas (15.8 billion barrels of oil equivalent), and 6.85 billion barrels of natural gas liquids. The Paleozoic total petroleum system is dominantly gas prone, whereas the volumetrically larger Jurassic total petroleum system is oil prone - resulting in the characterization of the province as an oil province. The discovery maturity for the province is a relatively low 31 percent, meaning that much of the province petroleum potential lies in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/b2202E","usgsCitation":"Fox, J., and Ahlbrandt, T.S., 2002, Petroleum geology and total petroleum systems of the Widyan Basin and Interior Platform of Saudi Arabia and Iraq (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2202, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2202E.","productDescription":"26 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3719,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2202-e/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Iran, Iraq, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen","otherGeospatial":"Arabian Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 35,\n 12\n ],\n [\n 35,\n 36\n ],\n [\n 61,\n 36\n ],\n [\n 61,\n 12\n ],\n [\n 35,\n 12\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687e17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fox, James E.","contributorId":56656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ahlbrandt, Thomas S.","contributorId":57836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahlbrandt","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":51130,"text":"ofr02414 - 2002 - Digital data grids for the magnetic anomaly map of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-29T18:19:32.991511","indexId":"ofr02414","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-414","title":"Digital data grids for the magnetic anomaly map of North America","docAbstract":"The digital magnetic anomaly database and map for the North American continent is the result of a joint effort by the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC), U. S. Geological Survey (USGS), and Consejo de Recursos Minerales of Mexico (CRM). This integrated, readily accessible, modern digital database of magnetic anomaly data is a powerful tool for further evaluation of the structure, geologic processes, and tectonic evolution of the continent and may also be used to help resolve societal and scientific issues that span national boundaries. The North American magnetic anomaly map derived from the digital database provides a comprehensive magnetic view of continental-scale trends not available in individual data sets, helps link widely separated areas of outcrop, and unifies disparate geologic studies.
This open-file report presents three unique, gridded data sets used to make the magnetic anomaly map of North America. Subsets of these three grids that span only the United States were also created, giving a total of six grids. Details on the data processing and compilation procedures used to produce the grids are described in the booklet that accompanies the North American magnetic anomaly map. All three grids have 1-km spacing and are projected to the DNAG projection (spherical transverse mercator, central meridian of 100 o W, base latitude of 0o, scale factor of 0.926 and Earth radius of 6,371,204 m.) More details are given in the metadata files that accompany the gridded data files. These grids are presented in Geosoft binary grid format, with two files describing each of the six grids (suffixes .grd and .gi). This format can be easily converted to numerous other formats using the free conversion software offered by this company at http://www.geosoft.com/.
The first grids (NAmag_origmrg.grd and USmag_origmrg.grd) show the magnetic field at 305 m. above terrain.
For the second grids (NAmag_hp500.grd and USmag_hp500.grd) we removed long-wavelength anomalies (500 km and greater) from the first grid. This grid was used for the published map. Although the North American merged grid represents a significant upgrade to older compilations, the existing patchwork of surveys is inherently unable to accurately represent anomalies with long (greater than roughly 150 km) wavelengths, particularly in the US and Canada (U.S. Magnetic-Anomaly Data Set Task Group, 1994). The lack of information about long wavelength anomalies is primarily related to datum shifts between merged surveys, caused by data acquisition at widely different times and by differences in merging procedures. Therefore, we removed anomalies with wavelengths greater than 500 km from the merged grid to reduce the effects caused by the spurious long wavelengths but still maintain the continuity of anomalies. The correction was accomplished by transforming the merged grid to the frequency domain, filtering the transformed data with a long-wavelength cutoff at 500 km, and subtracting the long-wavelength data grid from the merged grid.
In addition to the 500-km high pass filter, an equivalent source method, based on long-wavelength characterization using satellite data (CHAMP satellite anomalies, Maus and others, 2002), was also used to correct for spurious shifts in the original magnetic anomaly grid (Ravat and others, 2002). These results are presented in the third grids (NAmag_CM.grd and USmag_CM.grd), in which the wavelengths longer than 500 km have been replaced by downward-continued satellite data. The steps used to create the third long-wavelength-corrected grid are:
0. The North American 1-km merged grid was decimated to 5 km.
1. This 5-km grid was converted to a 0.05 degree grid and was low-pass filtered using a Gaussian filter with a 500-km cutoff, then decimated to 1 degree.
2. A joint inversion of this 1-degree low-pass aeromagnetic grid and satellite data, with the aeromagnetic data weighted very low, was used to produce a stabilized downward continuation of the satellite data.
3. The inverted data were interpolated to 0.05 degrees and again low-pass filtered using the same Gaussian 500-km filter to remove short-wavelength artifacts.
4. The low-pass grid from step 1 was subtracted from the original 0.05-degree aeromagnetic grid to create a 500-km high-pass aeromagnetic grid. This grid was added to the low-pass inverted grid from step 3 to get a corrected 0.05-degree aeromagnetic grid.
5. The corrected 0.05-degree aeromagnetic grid was projected to the DNAG projection and regridded to 5 km. This was subtracted from the decimated 5-km aeromagnetic grid to generate a 5-km correction grid. A matched filter was used to remove short-wavelength artifacts resulting from the projection and regridding process.
6. The resulting 5-km correction grid was regridded to the original 1-km grid and subtracted from the original 1-km aeromagnetic grid to generate the final 1-km corrected aeromagnetic grid.
The six grids described in this report are available for download. Two metadata files, one for the North American grids and one for the United States grids, are also included with the gridded data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02414","usgsCitation":"Bankey, V., Cuevas, A., Daniels, D., Finn, C.A., Hernandez, I., Hill, P., Kucks, R., Miles, W., Pilkington, M., Roberts, C., Roest, W., Rystrom, V., Shearer, S., Snyder, S., Sweeney, R.E., Velez, J., Phillips, J., and Ravat, D., 2002, Digital data grids for the magnetic anomaly map of North America: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-414, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02414.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":426141,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/70211067","text":"Magnetic anomaly map of North America"},{"id":179516,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-414/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":425660,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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E.","contributorId":89564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweeney","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Velez, Julio","contributorId":100941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velez","given":"Julio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Phillips, J. D. 0000-0002-6459-2821","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":22366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Ravat, D.K.A.","contributorId":89599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ravat","given":"D.K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}} ,{"id":50539,"text":"ofr02401 - 2002 - Preliminary report on mercury geochemistry of placer gold dredge tailings, sediments, bedrock, and waters in the Clear Creek restoration area, Shasta County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-23T16:54:23.110067","indexId":"ofr02401","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-401","title":"Preliminary report on mercury geochemistry of placer gold dredge tailings, sediments, bedrock, and waters in the Clear Creek restoration area, Shasta County, California","docAbstract":"Clear Creek, one of the major tributaries of the upper Sacramento River, drains the eastern Trinity Mountains. Alluvial plain and terrace gravels of lower Clear Creek, at the northwest edge of the Sacramento Valley, contain placer gold that has been mined since the Gold Rush by various methods including dredging. In addition, from the 1950s to the 1980s aggregate-mining operations removed gravel from the lower Clear Creek flood plain. \n\nSince Clear Creek is an important stream for salmon production, a habitat restoration program is underway to repair damage from mining and improve conditions for spawning. This program includes using dredge tailings to fill in gravel pits in the flood plain, raising the concern that mercury lost to these tailings in the gold recovery process may be released and become available to biota. The purposes of our study are to determine concentrations and speciation of mercury in sediments, tailings, and water in the lower Clear Creek area, and to determine its mobility. \n\nMercury concentrations in bedrock and unmined gravels both within and above the mined area are low, and are taken to represent background concentrations. Bulk mercury values in flood-plain sediments and dry tailings are elevated to several times these background concentrations. Mercury in sediments and tailings is associated with fine size fractions. Although methylmercury levels are generally low in sediments, shallow ponds in the flood plain may have above-normal methylation potential. \n\nStream waters in the area show low mercury and methylmercury levels. Ponds with elevated methylmercury in sediments have more methylmercury in their waters as well. One seep in the area is highly saline, and enriched in mercury, lithium, and boron, similar to connate waters that are expelled along thrust faults to the south on the west side of the Sacramento Valley. This occurrence suggests that mercury in waters may at least in part be from sources other than placer mining.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02401","usgsCitation":"Ashley, R.P., Rytuba, J.J., Rogers, R., Kotlyar, B.B., and Lawler, D., 2002, Preliminary report on mercury geochemistry of placer gold dredge tailings, sediments, bedrock, and waters in the Clear Creek restoration area, Shasta County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-401, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02401.","productDescription":"47 p.","numberOfPages":"47","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178431,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02401.jpg"},{"id":283895,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0401/pdf/of02-401.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":4351,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0401/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Shasta County","otherGeospatial":"Clear Creek restoration area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.6379,40.1565 ], [ -122.6379,41.4365 ], [ -121.3579,41.4365 ], [ -121.3579,40.1565 ], [ -122.6379,40.1565 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66ca3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ashley, Roger P. ashley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashley","given":"Roger","email":"ashley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":241737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rytuba, James J. jrytuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":3043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"James","email":"jrytuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogers, Ronald","contributorId":40277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kotlyar, Boris B.","contributorId":35376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kotlyar","given":"Boris","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lawler, David","contributorId":11278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawler","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":39949,"text":"wri024205 - 2002 - Characterization of hydraulic conductivity of the alluvium and basin fill, Pinal Creek Basin near Globe, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-16T11:33:20","indexId":"wri024205","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4205","title":"Characterization of hydraulic conductivity of the alluvium and basin fill, Pinal Creek Basin near Globe, Arizona","docAbstract":"Acidic waters containing elevated concentrations of dissolved metals have contaminated the regional aquifer in the Pinal Creek Basin, which is in Gila County, Arizona, about 100 kilometers east of Phoenix. The aquifer is made up of two geologic units: unconsolidated stream alluvium and consolidated basin fill. To better understand how contaminants are transported through these units, a better understanding of the distribution of hydraulic conductivity and processes that affect it within the aquifer is needed.
\nSlug tests were done in September 1997 and October 1998 on 9 wells finished in the basin fill and 14 wells finished in the stream alluvium. Data from the tests were analyzed by using either the Bouwer and Rice (1976) method, or by using an extension to the method developed by Springer and Gellhar (1991). Both methods are applicable for unconfined aquifers and partially penetrating wells. The results of the analyses show wide variability within and between the two geologic units. Hydraulic conductivity estimates ranged from 0.5 to 250 meters per day for the basin fill and from 3 to 200 meters per day for the stream alluvium. Results of the slug tests also show a correlation coefficient of 0.83 between the hydraulic conductivity and the pH of the ground water. The areas of highest hydraulic conductivity coincide with the areas of lowest pH, and the areas of lowest hydraulic conductivity coincide with the areas of highest pH, suggesting that the acidic water is increasing the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer by dissolution of carbonate minerals.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","doi":"10.3133/wri024205","usgsCitation":"Angeroth, C.E., 2002, Characterization of hydraulic conductivity of the alluvium and basin fill, Pinal Creek Basin near Globe, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4205, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024205.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288422,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4205/report.pdf"},{"id":288423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Globe","otherGeospatial":"Pinal Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.0,33.25 ], [ -111.0,33.583333 ], [ -110.75,33.583333 ], [ -110.75,33.25 ], [ -111.0,33.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4e4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Angeroth, Cory E. 0000-0002-2915-6418 angeroth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-6418","contributorId":2105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angeroth","given":"Cory","email":"angeroth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50746,"text":"wri024185 - 2002 - Flow-system analysis of the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers in the Rapid City area, South Dakota — Conceptual model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-18T22:47:50.271307","indexId":"wri024185","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4185","title":"Flow-system analysis of the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers in the Rapid City area, South Dakota — Conceptual model","docAbstract":"The conceptual model of the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers in the Rapid City area synthesizes the physical geography, hydraulic properties, and ground-water flow components of these important aquifers. The Madison hydrogeologic unit includes the karstic Madison aquifer, which is defined as the upper, more permeable 100 to 200 ft of the Madison Limestone, and the Madison confining unit, which consists of the lower, less permeable part of the Madison Limestone and the Englewood Formation. Overlying the Madison hydrogeologic unit is the Minnelusa hydrogeologic unit, which includes the Minnelusa aquifer in the upper, more permeable 200 to 300 ft and the Minnelusa confining unit in the lower, less permeable part. The Madison and Minnelusa hydrogeologic units outcrop in the study area on the eastern flank of the Black Hills where recharge occurs from streamflow losses and areal recharge. The conceptual model describes streamflow recharge, areal recharge, ground-water flow, storage in aquifers and confining units, unsaturated areas, leakage between aquifers, discharge from artesian springs, and regional outflow.
Effective transmissivities estimated for the Madison aquifer range from 500 to 20,000 ft2/d and for the Minnelusa aquifer from 500 to 10,000 ft2/d. Localized anisotropic transmissivity in the Madison aquifer has tensor ratios as high as 45:1. Vertical hydraulic conductivities for the Minnelusa confining unit determined from aquifer tests range from 1.3x10-3 to 3.0x10-1 ft/d. The confined storage coefficient of the Madison and Minnelusa hydrogeologic units was estimated as 3x10-4 ft/d. Specific yield was estimated as 0.09 for the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers and 0.03 for the Madison and Minnelusa confining units. Potentiometric surfaces for the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers have a general easterly gradient of about 70 ft/mi with local variations. Temporal change in hydraulic head in the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers ranged from about 5 to 95 ft in water years 1988-97. The unconfined areas were estimated at about 53 and 36 mi2 for the Madison and Minnelusa hydrogeologic units, respectively, in contrast to an aquifer analysis area of 629 mi2.
Dye-tracer tests, stable isotopes, and hydrogeologic features were analyzed conjunctively to estimate generalized ground-water flowpaths in the Madison aquifer and their influences on the Minnelusa aquifer. The western Rapid City area between Boxelder Creek and Spring Creek was characterized as having undergone extensive tectonic activity, greater brecciation in the Minnelusa Formation, large transmissivities, generally upward hydraulic gradients from the Madison aquifer to the Minnelusa aquifer, many karst springs, and converging flowpaths.
Water-budget analysis included: (1) a dry-period budget for declining water levels; October 1, 1987, to March 31, 1993; (2) a wet-period budget for rising water levels, April 1, 1993, to September 30, 1997; and (3) a full 10-year period budget for water years 1988-97. By simultaneously balancing these water budgets, initial estimates of recharge, discharge, change in storage, and hydraulic properties were refined. Inflow rates for the 10-year budget included streamflow recharge of about 45 ft3/s or 61 percent of the total budget and areal recharge of 22 ft3/s or 30 percent. Streamflow recharge to the Madison hydrogeologic unit was about 86 percent of the total streamflow recharge. Outflow for the 10-year budget included springflow of 31 ft3/s or 42 percent of the total budget, water use of about 10 ft3/s or 14 percent, and regional outflow of 22 ft3/s or 30 percent. Ground-water storage increased 9 ft3/s during the 10-year period, and net ground-water movement from the Madison to Minnelusa hydrogeologic unit was about 8 ft3/s.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024185","usgsCitation":"Long, A.J., and Putnam, L.D., 2002, Flow-system analysis of the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers in the Rapid City area, South Dakota — Conceptual model: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4185, vii, 100 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024185.","productDescription":"vii, 100 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4237,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024185/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":394486,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52784.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","city":"Rapid City","otherGeospatial":"Madison and Minnelusa aquifers","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.5296630859375,\n 43.810747313446996\n ],\n [\n -102.9144287109375,\n 43.810747313446996\n ],\n [\n -102.9144287109375,\n 44.422011314236634\n ],\n [\n -103.5296630859375,\n 44.422011314236634\n ],\n [\n -103.5296630859375,\n 43.810747313446996\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478ee4b07f02db489a6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Andrew J. 0000-0001-7385-8081 ajlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-8081","contributorId":989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew","email":"ajlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Putnam, Larry D. ldputnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"Larry","email":"ldputnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":242219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":50510,"text":"ofr02322 - 2002 - Isostatic gravity map of Yukon Flats, east-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T14:26:47.754092","indexId":"ofr02322","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-322","title":"Isostatic gravity map of Yukon Flats, east-central Alaska","docAbstract":"The gravity data used to make this map were collected between 1959 and 1984. The data were collected by automobile, aircraft, and watercraft. Most of the data were collected as part of a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) regional gravity data collection project. Some of the data were collected as part of other USGS local projects. One data set was collected by the NGS (National Geodetic Survey). This map ranges from 65° to 68° N latitude and 141° to 152° W longitude. The names of the 12 1:250,000-scale U.S. Geological Survey quadrangle maps that make up this map are labeled on the map. The western edge of the map is 1 degree of longitude east of the edge of the three most western quadrangles.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02322","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.L., 2002, Isostatic gravity map of Yukon Flats, east-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-322, Map: 50.69 inches x 38.89 inches; Tables: 3 .Doc files; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02322.","productDescription":"Map: 50.69 inches x 38.89 inches; Tables: 3 .Doc files; Metadata","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":176762,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02322.jpg"},{"id":4321,"rank":7,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0322/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283779,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0322/table2.doc"},{"id":283780,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0322/table1.doc"},{"id":283781,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0322/table3.doc"},{"id":283777,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0322/pdf/of02-322.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":283778,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0322/metadata.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -152.00,66.00 ], [ -152.00,68.00 ], [ -141.00,68.00 ], [ -141.00,66.00 ], [ -152.00,66.00 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db66706f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, Robert L.","contributorId":82671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50536,"text":"ofr02396 - 2002 - Cruise report RV Moana Wave Cruise M-1-02-GM bathymetry and acoustic backscatter of the mid and outer continental shelf, head of De Soto Canyon, northeastern Gulf of Mexico June 17, through July 9, 2002 Pensacola, FL to Pensacola, FL","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-21T18:25:42.01172","indexId":"ofr02396","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-396","title":"Cruise report RV Moana Wave Cruise M-1-02-GM bathymetry and acoustic backscatter of the mid and outer continental shelf, head of De Soto Canyon, northeastern Gulf of Mexico June 17, through July 9, 2002 Pensacola, FL to Pensacola, FL","docAbstract":"The mid to outer continental shelf off Mississippi-Alabama and off northwest Florida were the focus of US Geological Survey (USGS) multibeam echosounder (MBES) mapping cruises in 2000 and 2001, respectively. These areas were mapped to investigate the extent of \"deep-water reefs\" first suggested by Ludwick and Walton (1957). The reefs off Mississippi and Alabama were initially described in water depths of 60 to 120 m (Ludwick and Walton, 1957) but the 2000 mapping found reef and hardgrounds to be much more extensive than previously thought (Gardner et al., 2001). The persistent trend of reef-like features along the outer shelf of Mississippi-Alabama suggested the trend might continue along the northwest Florida mid and outer shelf so a MBES-mapping effort was mounted in 2001 to test this suggestion. It is critical to determine the accurate location, geomorphology, and types of the ridges and reefs that occur in this region to understand the Quaternary history of the area and to assess their importance as benthic habitats for fisheries. The 2001 survey found a series of shelf-depth platforms with ridges (possibly reefs) constructed on their surfaces (Gardner et al., 2002).\n\nThe area known as the \"head of De Soto Canyon\" is the large unmapped region between the 2000 and 2001 mapped areas. The head of De Soto Canyon is an outer shelf zone with a relatively steep western wall and a much gentler eastern wall. It was unknown prior to this cruise whether the reefs of the Mississippi-Alabama shelf continue eastward into the head of De Soto Canyon and connect with the ridges and reefs mapped on the northwest Florida outer shelf. The existence of carbonate-cemented latest Quaternary to Holocene sandstones along the western wall of the head of De Soto Canyon (Shipp and Hopkins, 1978; Benson et al., 1997; W.W. Schroeder, personnel comm., 2002) is of interest because of the potential benthic habitats they may represent. \n\nPrecisely georeferenced high-resolution mapping of bathymetry is a fundamental first step in the study of an area suspected to be critical benthic habitats. Morphology is thought to be critical to define the distribution of dominant demersal plankton/planktivores communities. Community structure and trophodynamics of demersal fishes of the outer continental shelf of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico presently are focuses of a major USGS research project. A goal of the project is to answer questions concerning the relative roles played by morphology and surficial geology in controlling biological differentiation. Deep-water ridges, reefs, and outcrops are important because they are fish havens and key spawning sites, and are critical habitats for larval, juvenile, and economically important sport/food fishes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02396","usgsCitation":"Gardner, J.V., Hughes Clarke, J.E., and Meyer, L.A., 2002, Cruise report RV Moana Wave Cruise M-1-02-GM bathymetry and acoustic backscatter of the mid and outer continental shelf, head of De Soto Canyon, northeastern Gulf of Mexico June 17, through July 9, 2002 Pensacola, FL to Pensacola, FL: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-396, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02396.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":389557,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52492.htm"},{"id":283871,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0396/intro.html"},{"id":178428,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02396.jpg"},{"id":4348,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0396/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico, head Of De Soto Canyon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.333333,23.716667 ], [ -92.333333,31.25 ], [ -79.683333,31.25 ], [ -79.683333,23.716667 ], [ -92.333333,23.716667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ee4b07f02db63ff7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, James V.","contributorId":93035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hughes Clarke, John E.","contributorId":58676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hughes Clarke","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, Larry A.","contributorId":12555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":50520,"text":"ofr02350 - 2002 - Sociocultural dimensions of supply and demand for natural aggregate; examples from the Mid-Atlantic region, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T10:22:25","indexId":"ofr02350","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-350","title":"Sociocultural dimensions of supply and demand for natural aggregate; examples from the Mid-Atlantic region, United States","docAbstract":"The United States uses large quantities of natural aggregate to build and maintain a continuously expanding infrastructure. In recent years, per capita demand for aggregate in the United States has grown to about 9.7 metric tons (10.7 tons) per person per year. Over the next 25 years, the aggregate industry expects to mine quantities equivalent to all aggregate mined in the United States over the past 100 years. The issues surrounding supply and demand for aggregate in the mid-Atlantic states of Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia illustrate competing requirements for industrial minerals and many simultaneous social and environmental objectives.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02350","usgsCitation":"Robinson, G.R., and Brown, W., 2002, Sociocultural dimensions of supply and demand for natural aggregate; examples from the Mid-Atlantic region, United States (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-350, 44 p., illus. incl. 2 tables, 50 refs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02350.","productDescription":"44 p., illus. incl. 2 tables, 50 refs","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":175598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4332,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-350/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5edd62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Gilpin R. Jr. grobinso@usgs.gov","contributorId":3083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Gilpin","suffix":"Jr.","email":"grobinso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":241675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, William M.","contributorId":83104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"William M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":50523,"text":"ofr02353 - 2002 - Gravity map and data of the eastern half of the Big Bear Lake, 100,000 scale quadrangle, California and analysis of the depths of several basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T15:20:51.917223","indexId":"ofr02353","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-353","title":"Gravity map and data of the eastern half of the Big Bear Lake, 100,000 scale quadrangle, California and analysis of the depths of several basins","docAbstract":"Gravity surveys are useful tools for helping to understand the 3-dimensional geology of an area. Many gravity measurements were made in the 1960s and 1970s by various groups in order to produce gravity maps covering California at a scale of 1:250,000 for the California Division of Mines and Geology. (For this area see Biehler et. al. 1988.) More recent surveys have focused on specific areas and problems. This report includes new data on the southern portion of the Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center (MCAGCC) Twentynine Palms and the Yucca Valley-Joshua Tree-Twentynine Palms area and presents the map and basin analyses that were prepared with these data.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02353","usgsCitation":"Roberts, C., Jachens, R., Katzenstein, A., Smith, G., and Johnson, R., 2002, Gravity map and data of the eastern half of the Big Bear Lake, 100,000 scale quadrangle, California and analysis of the depths of several basins: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-353, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02353.","productDescription":"HTML Document","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4335,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0353/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283797,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0353/intro.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":175600,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02353.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.49971,34.00002 ], [ -116.49971,34.49920 ], [ -115.999146,34.49920 ], [ -115.999146,34.00002 ], [ -116.49971,34.00002 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a27b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, Carter","contributorId":44610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Carter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jachens, Robert","contributorId":54660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Katzenstein, Allan","contributorId":77589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzenstein","given":"Allan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Gregory","contributorId":42651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Gregory","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Russell","contributorId":83193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Russell","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70205921,"text":"70205921 - 2002 - Submarine landslides and volcanic features on Kohala and Mauna Kea volcanoes and the Hana Ridge, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-27T22:06:01.644507","indexId":"70205921","displayToPublicDate":"2002-10-10T10:34:16","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Submarine landslides and volcanic features on Kohala and Mauna Kea volcanoes and the Hana Ridge, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The deep submarine eastern flanks of Mauna Kea, Kohala, and Haleakala volcanoes were mapped for the first time with a multibeam bathymetric and sidescan sonar system during joint Japan-US cruises aboard the JAMSTEC vessel R/V Yokosuka in 1999. The Pololu slump off northeast Kohala is overlain by a carbonate platform in the shallow region and the deeper areas are incised by downslope oriented channels. It is cut by several faults and slump scars and appears to override an older slide located farther east, here named the Laupahoehoe slump. The structures characteristic of the Laupahoehoe slump are NW-SE oriented scarp-and-bench topographic features analogous to the Hilina slump on the mobile SE flank of Kilauea. Enclosed basins lie at 3000-5000 m, fronted by ridges on their seaward sides. The basins may result from local rotational slumps or from uplift above discontinuous thrust faults. The Laupahoehoe slump appears to be overlapped by shield margins of both Kohala and Mauna Kea and thus may have been derived from an elongate Kohala edifice. A large debris apron continues from the base of the two-slide complex, abutting the distal Hana Ridge (Haleakala east rift zone). The tip of the Hana Ridge displays a curious steepsided arcuate rift tip that resembles the classic amphitheater scarp of a landslide. Numerous flat-topped volcanic domes are distributed along the broad crest of the lower rift zone. Similar cones, though fewer in number, are also present on the Hilo Ridge, which may be the continuation of a Kohala rift zone.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hawaiian Volcanoes: Deep Underwater Perspectives","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/GM128p0011","issn":"00658448","usgsCitation":"Smith, J., Kenji, S., Morgan, J., and Lipman, P.W., 2002, Submarine landslides and volcanic features on Kohala and Mauna Kea volcanoes and the Hana Ridge, Hawaii, chap. of Hawaiian Volcanoes: Deep Underwater Perspectives, v. 128, p. 11-28, https://doi.org/10.1029/GM128p0011.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"28","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368224,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Southeast flank of the island of Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.148681640625,\n 19.78738018198621\n ],\n [\n -154.654541015625,\n 19.78738018198621\n ],\n [\n -154.654541015625,\n 20.930658643632885\n ],\n [\n -156.148681640625,\n 20.930658643632885\n ],\n [\n -156.148681640625,\n 19.78738018198621\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"128","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, J.R.","contributorId":43942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kenji, Satake","contributorId":88829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenji","given":"Satake","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan, J.K.","contributorId":83333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lipman, Peter W. 0000-0001-9175-6118 plipman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-6118","contributorId":3486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"Peter","email":"plipman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":69369,"text":"ha748 - 2002 - Potentiometric surfaces, altitudes of the tops, and hydrogeology of the Minnelusa and Madison aquifers, Black Hills area, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-07T11:46:08","indexId":"ha748","displayToPublicDate":"2002-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"748","title":"Potentiometric surfaces, altitudes of the tops, and hydrogeology of the Minnelusa and Madison aquifers, Black Hills area, Wyoming","docAbstract":"The topographically defined Black Hills and adjacent areas (Black Hills area) of Wyoming (fig. 1) are underlain by two regionally important aquifers-the Minnelusa and the Madison. The Minnelusa aquifer is used extensively in the Black Hills area as a source of domestic and livestock water. The Madison aquifer is an important source of municipal, industrial, agricultural, and domestic water in both the Black Hills area and other parts of Wyoming. Increased demand for water from the Minnelusa and Madison aquifers in the Black Hills area of Wyoming and South Dakota have created a need for better understanding of the hydrology of these two important aquifers.
\nThis report presents information on the potentiometric surfaces and altitudes of the tops of the Minnelusa and Madison aquifers in the Black Hills area of northeastern Wyoming using new data collected since completion of earlier studies. In addition, ground-water levels in selected wells are examined, and the relative age of a limited number of ground-water samples are discussed. The information will be of use to government officials, land planners and other individuals who must manage the limited water resources of this growing and developing area.
\nThe scope of the project was limited to wells and springs in the Black Hills area of Wyoming. Water levels were measured during 1998 and 1999 in wells completed in the Minnelusa and Madison aquifers to construct potentiometric-surface maps. The potentiometric surfaces and altitudes of the tops of the Minnelusa and Madison aquifers were contoured at the same scale (1:100,000) as studies of the aquifers recently conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in the Black Hills area within South Dakota (Carter and Redden, 1999a, 1999b; Strobel and others, 2000a, 2000b). The contours in these studies of the Minnelusa and Madison aquifers in South Dakota were \"edge matched\" as closely as possible along the Wyoming-South Dakota State line using the same contour interval. Use of the same contour interval and edge matching will allow for the use of the maps across State boundaries and improve understanding of the aquifers in a larger area within the Black Hills uplift. In places, some contours could not be matched across the Wyoming-South Dakota State line because this investigation was completed after the South Dakota investigations, and additional control points used in this investigation were located in Wyoming near the State line. The reader should note that Minnelusa and Madison outcrop areas and some structural features may not match in some areas along the Wyoming-South Dakota State line when maps in this study area are aligned or \"edge matched\" with maps produced for the South Dakota studies because different sources of geological mapping were used for the studies. Ground-water samples were collected from a subset of measured wells and analyzed for tritium to qualitatively estimate the time of ground-water recharge.
\nThis project was conducted by the USGS in cooperation with the Wyoming State Engineer's Office (WSEO). The study area was almost entirely within Crook and Weston Counties in Wyoming and was bordered on the east by the Wyoming-South Dakota State line.
","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ha748","usgsCitation":"Bartos, T., Hallberg, L., and Ogle, K.M., 2002, Potentiometric surfaces, altitudes of the tops, and hydrogeology of the Minnelusa and Madison aquifers, Black Hills area, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 748, Four sheets; All sheets 42 by 34 inches (in color). , https://doi.org/10.3133/ha748.","productDescription":"Four sheets; All sheets 42 by 34 inches (in color). ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ha748.jpg"},{"id":6318,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/ha748/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.36749999999999,43.5 ], [ -104.36749999999999,44.6175 ], [ -104.11749999999999,44.6175 ], [ -104.11749999999999,43.5 ], [ -104.36749999999999,43.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad3e4b07f02db681f98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartos, T.T.","contributorId":6544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartos","given":"T.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hallberg, L.L.","contributorId":77569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallberg","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ogle, Kathy Muller","contributorId":8896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogle","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"Muller","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":39855,"text":"fs03502 - 2002 - Estimated flood flows in the Lake Tahoe basin, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-24T19:12:13.823055","indexId":"fs03502","displayToPublicDate":"2002-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"035-02","title":"Estimated flood flows in the Lake Tahoe basin, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"Lake Tahoe, the largest alpine lake in North America, covers about 192 square miles (mi2) of the 506-mi2 Lake Tahoe Basin, which straddles the border between California and Nevada (Fig. 1). In cooperation with the Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) estimates the flood frequencies of the streams that enter the lake. Information about potential flooding of these streams is used by NDOT in the design and construction of roads and highways in the Nevada portion of the basin. The stream-monitoring network in the Lake Tahoe Basin is part of the Lake Tahoe Interagency Monitoring Program (LTIMP), which combines the monitoring and research efforts of various Federal, State, and regional agencies, including both USGS and NDOT. The altitude in the basin varies from 6,223 feet (ft) at the lake's natural rim to over 10,000 ft along the basin's crest. Precipitation ranges from 40 inches per year (in/yr) on the eastern side to 90 in/yr on the western side (Crippen and Pavelka, 1970). Most of the precipitation comes during the winter months as snow. Precipitation that falls from June through September accounts for less than 20 percent of the annual total.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs03502","usgsCitation":"Crompton, E.J., Hess, G.W., and Williams, R.P., 2002, Estimated flood flows in the Lake Tahoe basin, California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 035-02, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs03502.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126237,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_035_02.bmp"},{"id":3569,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs-035-02/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":405544,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52040.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Lake Tahoe basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.234375,\n 38.846125291387025\n ],\n [\n -119.82238769531251,\n 38.846125291387025\n ],\n [\n -119.82238769531251,\n 39.43831424149678\n ],\n [\n -120.234375,\n 39.43831424149678\n ],\n [\n -120.234375,\n 38.846125291387025\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd3b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crompton, E. James","contributorId":78771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crompton","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hess, Glen W.","contributorId":19136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"Glen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, Rhea P.","contributorId":87114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Rhea","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":39967,"text":"wri024022 - 2002 - Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow and land-surface subsidence in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, Houston area, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T15:59:10","indexId":"wri024022","displayToPublicDate":"2002-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4022","title":"Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow and land-surface subsidence in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, Houston area, Texas","docAbstract":"In November 1997, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Houston Utilities Planning Section and the City of Houston Department of Public Works & Engineering, began an investigation of the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers in the greater Houston area in Texas to better understand the hydrology, flow, and associated land-surface subsidence. The principal part of the investigation was a numerical finite-difference model (MODFLOW) developed to simulate ground-water flow and land-surface subsidence in an 18,100-square-mile area encompassing greater Houston.
The focus of the study was Harris and Galveston Counties, but other counties were included to achieve the appropriate boundary conditions. The model was vertically discretized into three 103-row by 109-column layers resulting in a total of 33,681 grid cells. Layer 1 represents the water table using a specified head, layer 2 represents the Chicot aquifer, and layer 3 represents the Evangeline aquifer.
Simulations were made under transient conditions for 31 ground-water-withdrawal (stress) periods spanning 1891–1996. The years 1977 and 1996 were chosen as potentiometric-surface calibration periods for the model. Simulated and measured potentiometric surfaces of the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers for 1977 match closely. Waterlevel measurements indicate that by 1977, large ground-water withdrawals in east-central and southeastern areas of Harris County had caused the potentiometric surfaces to decline as much as 250 feet below sea level in the Chicot aquifer and as much as 350 feet below sea level in the Evangeline aquifer. Simulated and measured potentiometric surfaces of the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers for 1996 also match closely. The large potentiometric-surface decline in 1977 in the southeastern Houston area showed significant recovery by 1996. The 1996 centers of potentiometric-surface decline are located much farther northwest. Potentiometric-surface declines of more than 200 feet below sea level in the Chicot aquifer and more than 350 feet below sea level in the Evangeline aquifer were measured in observation wells and simulated in the flow model.
Simulation of land-surface subsidence and water released from storage in the clay layers was accomplished using the Interbed-Storage Package of the MODFLOW model. Land-surface subsidence was calibrated by comparing simulated long-term (1891–1995) and short-term (1978–95) land-surface subsidence with published maps of land-surface subsidence for about the same period until acceptable matches were achieved.
Simulated 1996 Chicot aquifer flow rates indicate that a net flow of 562.5 cubic feet per second enters the Chicot aquifer in the outcrop area, and a net flow of 459.5 cubic feet per second passes through the Chicot aquifer into the Evangeline aquifer. The remaining 103.0 cubic feet per second of flow is withdrawn as pumpage, with a shortfall of about 84.9 cubic feet per second supplied to the wells from storage in sands and clays. Water simulated from storage in clays in the Chicot aquifer is about 19 percent of the total water withdrawn from the aquifer.
Simulated 1996 Evangeline aquifer flow rates indicate that a net flow of 14.8 cubic feet per second enters the Evangeline aquifer in the outcrop area, and a net flow of 459.5 cubic feet per second passes through the Chicot aquifer into the Evangeline aquifer for a total inflow of 474.3 cubic feet per second. A greater amount, 528.6 cubic feet per second, is withdrawn by wells; the shortfall of about 54.8 cubic feet per second is supplied from storage in sands and clays. Water simulated from storage in clays in the Evangeline aquifer is about 10 percent of the total water withdrawn from the aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024022","collaboration":"In cooperation with the City of Houston","usgsCitation":"Kasmarek, M.C., and Strom, E.W., 2002, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow and land-surface subsidence in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, Houston area, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4022, HTML Document; Report: v, 61 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024022.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Report: v, 61 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":170067,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri024022.JPG"},{"id":3657,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024022","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":333403,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri024022/pdf/wri02-4022.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.56 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Houston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97,\n 30\n ],\n [\n -95,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -94,\n 29.5\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 28.4\n ],\n [\n -97,\n 30\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625394","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kasmarek, Mark C. 0000-0003-2808-2506 mckasmar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2808-2506","contributorId":1968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kasmarek","given":"Mark","email":"mckasmar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strom, Eric W. ewstrom@usgs.gov","contributorId":337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strom","given":"Eric","email":"ewstrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}