{"pageNumber":"250","pageRowStart":"6225","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46679,"records":[{"id":70208914,"text":"70208914 - 2020 - Algorithm and data improvements for version 2.1 of the Climate Hazards center’s InfraRed Precipitation with Stations Data Set","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-02T23:07:41.618963","indexId":"70208914","displayToPublicDate":"2020-04-11T18:03:18","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"23","title":"Algorithm and data improvements for version 2.1 of the Climate Hazards center’s InfraRed Precipitation with Stations Data Set","docAbstract":"<p><span>To support global drought early warning, the Climate Hazards Center (CHC) at the University of California, Santa Barbara developed the Climate Hazards center InfraRed Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) dataset, in collaboration with the US Geological Survey and NASA SERVIR. Specifically designed to support early warning applications, CHIRPS has high a spatial resolution (0.05°), a long period of record (1981 to the near present), and relatively low latencies. Here we will describe a brief formal analysis of distributional bias in CHIRPS2.0. This analysis reveals, as expected, that CHIRPS2.0 means are very similar to observed station data. However, a closer look suggests that low precipitation values are underestimated and high values are over-estimated in the CHIRPS2.0. We describe a potential correction for this below.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Satellite Precipitation Measurement","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-24568-9_23","usgsCitation":"Funk, C., Peterson, P., Landsfeld, M., Davenport, F., Becker, A., Schneider, U., Pedreros, D., McNally, A., Arsenault, K., Harrison, L., and Shukla, S., 2020, Algorithm and data improvements for version 2.1 of the Climate Hazards center’s InfraRed Precipitation with Stations Data Set, chap. 23 <i>of</i> Satellite Precipitation Measurement, v. 1, p. 409-427, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24568-9_23.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"409","endPage":"427","ipdsId":"IP-102891","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375276,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Funk, Chris 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":167070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Chris","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":783971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, P.","contributorId":146377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6710,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":783972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landsfeld, Martin","contributorId":192380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Landsfeld","given":"Martin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davenport, Frank","contributorId":145816,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davenport","given":"Frank","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7168,"text":"UCSB","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":783974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Becker, A","contributorId":223064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Becker","given":"A","affiliations":[{"id":40663,"text":"Global Precipitation Climatology Centre, Deutscher Wetterdienst Headquarters, Offenbach Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":783975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schneider, U","contributorId":223065,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schneider","given":"U","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40663,"text":"Global Precipitation Climatology Centre, Deutscher Wetterdienst Headquarters, Offenbach Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":783976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pedreros, Diego 0000-0001-9943-7373","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9943-7373","contributorId":218659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pedreros","given":"Diego","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":783977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McNally, Amy","contributorId":145810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McNally","given":"Amy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16236,"text":"UCSB Climate Hazards Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":783978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Arsenault, Kristi","contributorId":198836,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arsenault","given":"Kristi","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Harrison, Laura","contributorId":192382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrison","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Shukla, S.","contributorId":147641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shukla","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16236,"text":"UCSB Climate Hazards Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":783981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70211249,"text":"70211249 - 2020 - Black bear movement and food conditioning in an exurban landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-22T14:11:35.232544","indexId":"70211249","displayToPublicDate":"2020-04-09T13:46:40","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Black bear movement and food conditioning in an exurban landscape","docAbstract":"Conflicts between humans and wildlife have become increasingly important challenges for resource managers along the urban‐wildland interface. Food conditioning (i.e., reliance by an animal on anthropogenic foods) of American black bears (Ursus americanus ) is related to conflict behavior (i.e., being bold or aggressive toward humans, consuming human food or garbage, causing property damage) and often occurs in communities adjacent to Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM or Park), USA. The goal of our study was to evaluate black bear space use in GRSM and in exurban areas on surrounding private lands and to identify factors associated with food conditioning and conflict behavior. We radio‐collared 53 bears (29 males, 24 females) from 2015 to 2017 to compare space use characteristics and used carbon isotopic signatures (δ13C) from bear hair to assess food conditioning. We then performed an integrated step selection function (iSSF) analysis to characterize and compare movement and resource use as related to food conditioning. Based on the stable isotope analyses, 24 bears were classified as food conditioned (FC; 16 males and 8 females) and 37 were not food conditioned (NFC; 14 males and 23 females). Annual 95% kernel density estimate (KDE) home ranges and 50% KDE core area estimates of female and male bears did not differ by level of food conditioning (i.e., mean δ13C), but 95% and 50% home ranges of FC females were smaller than NFC females when data from 2015, a year of food scarcity and abnormally large home ranges, were excluded. The mean proportion of exurban development (e.g., roads, buildings, openings) within 95% KDE and 50% KDE home ranges of females increased with mean δ13C (i.e., greater food conditioning). The iSSF models indicated that FC bears were more likely to use forest openings associated with higher levels of development than NFC bears. We used those models to demonstrate how landscape modifications can reduce bear use of exurban areas, particularly for NFC bears. Our stable isotope, movement, and resource use data indicate that conflict behaviors displayed by many bears within GRSM were learned in areas outside Park boundaries. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21870","usgsCitation":"Braunstein, J., Clark, J.D., Williamson, R.H., and Stiver, W., 2020, Black bear movement and food conditioning in an exurban landscape: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 84, no. 6, p. 1038-1050, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21870.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1038","endPage":"1050","ipdsId":"IP-116428","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376574,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee, North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Great Smoky Mountains National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.9959716796875,\n              35.570214567965984\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.98635864257812,\n              35.505400093441295\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.81057739257814,\n              35.420391545750775\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.61831665039062,\n              35.40696093270201\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.36563110351564,\n              35.420391545750775\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.21731567382814,\n              35.50092819950356\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.02505493164064,\n              35.483038134069574\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.9632568359375,\n              35.58361791939279\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.95089721679689,\n              35.663990911348094\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.02093505859376,\n              35.75765724051559\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.1390380859375,\n              35.78662688467007\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.26538085937501,\n              35.7843988251953\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.32717895507814,\n              35.787740890986576\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.38348388671876,\n              35.756542812691876\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.45764160156251,\n              35.72979186282792\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.50982666015625,\n              35.71641301732958\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.54827880859375,\n              35.70972275209277\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.59359741210939,\n              35.71083783530009\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.68423461914062,\n              35.679609609368555\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.80783081054689,\n              35.68072511370387\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.90945434570314,\n              35.65841206428204\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.95477294921874,\n              35.631628173298445\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.9959716796875,\n              35.570214567965984\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-04-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Braunstein, Jessica","contributorId":229510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Braunstein","given":"Jessica","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Joseph D. 0000-0002-8547-8112 jclark1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-8112","contributorId":2265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph","email":"jclark1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williamson, Ryan H","contributorId":229511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williamson","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"H","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stiver, William H","contributorId":228824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stiver","given":"William H","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70218230,"text":"70218230 - 2020 - Volcanological applications of unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS): Developments, strategies, and future challenges","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-19T18:05:39.431635","indexId":"70218230","displayToPublicDate":"2020-04-09T12:01:21","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7593,"text":"Volcanica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanological applications of unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS): Developments, strategies, and future challenges","docAbstract":"Unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS) are developing into fundamental tools for tackling the grand challenges in volcanology; here, we review the systems used and their diverse applications. UAS can typically provide image and topographic data at two orders of magnitude better spatial resolution than space-based remote sensing, and close-range observations at temporal resolutions down to those of video frame rates. Responsive deployments facilitate dense time-series measurements, unique opportunities for geophysical surveys, sample collection from hostile environments such as volcanic plumes and crater lakes, and emergency deployment of ground-based sensors (and robots) into hazardous regions. UAS have already been used to support hazard management and decision-makers during eruptive crises. As technologies advance, increased system capabilities, autonomy and availability, supported by more diverse and lighter-weight sensors, will offer unparalleled potential for hazard monitoring. UAS are expected to provide opportunities for pivotal advances in our understanding of complex physical and chemical volcanic processes.","language":"English","publisher":"Presses universitaires de Strasbourg","doi":"10.30909/vol.03.01.67114","usgsCitation":"James, M.R., Carr, B., D’Arcy, F., Diefenbach, A., Dietterich, H., Fornaciai, A., Lev, E., Liu, E.J., Pieri, D.C., Rodgers, M., Smets, B., Terada, A., von Aulock, F.W., Walter, T.R., Wood, K.T., and Zorn, E.U., 2020, Volcanological applications of unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS): Developments, strategies, and future challenges: Volcanica, v. 3, no. 1, p. 67-114, https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.03.01.67114.","productDescription":"48 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"114","ipdsId":"IP-112178","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.03.01.67114","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383379,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-04-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, Mike R.","contributorId":199802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"James","given":"Mike","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13133,"text":"Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carr, Brett B 0000-0002-1033-3082","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1033-3082","contributorId":251755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carr","given":"Brett B","affiliations":[{"id":17701,"text":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"D’Arcy, Fiona 0000-0002-0879-0508","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0879-0508","contributorId":251756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"D’Arcy","given":"Fiona","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6646,"text":"McGill University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Diefenbach, Angela K. 0000-0003-0214-7818","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0214-7818","contributorId":204743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Angela K.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dietterich, Hannah R. 0000-0001-7898-4343","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7898-4343","contributorId":212771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietterich","given":"Hannah R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fornaciai, Alessandro 0000-0003-4829-4928","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4829-4928","contributorId":251757,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fornaciai","given":"Alessandro","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39118,"text":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lev, Einat 0000-0002-8174-0558","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8174-0558","contributorId":194355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lev","given":"Einat","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27369,"text":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Liu, Emma J 0000-0003-1749-9285","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1749-9285","contributorId":251758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Emma","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":27136,"text":"University of Cambridge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pieri, David C.","contributorId":211514,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pieri","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36392,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rodgers, Mel 0000-0002-8809-9935","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8809-9935","contributorId":251759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodgers","given":"Mel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7163,"text":"University of South Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Smets, Benoit 0000-0002-1044-8314","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1044-8314","contributorId":251760,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smets","given":"Benoit","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50395,"text":"Royal Museum for Central Africa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Terada, Akihiko 0000-0001-5746-4912","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5746-4912","contributorId":251761,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Terada","given":"Akihiko","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38251,"text":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"von Aulock, Felix W 0000-0003-1194-4317","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1194-4317","contributorId":251762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"von Aulock","given":"Felix","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[{"id":16977,"text":"University of Liverpool","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Walter, Thomas R.","contributorId":199803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":16947,"text":"German Research Centre for Geosciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Wood, Kieran T 0000-0002-5804-7704","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5804-7704","contributorId":251763,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Kieran","email":"","middleInitial":"T","affiliations":[{"id":37322,"text":"University of Bristol","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Zorn, Edgar U 0000-0002-1896-2844","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1896-2844","contributorId":251764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zorn","given":"Edgar","email":"","middleInitial":"U","affiliations":[{"id":39797,"text":"GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}}
,{"id":70210589,"text":"70210589 - 2020 - Combined effects of biological control of an invasive shrub and fluvial processes on riparian vegetation dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-06T19:32:51.734887","indexId":"70210589","displayToPublicDate":"2020-04-09T10:52:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combined effects of biological control of an invasive shrub and fluvial processes on riparian vegetation dynamics","docAbstract":"<p><span>Plant community responses to biocontrol of invasive plants are understudied, despite the strong influence of the composition of replacement vegetation on ecosystem functions and services. We studied the vegetation response to a folivore beetle (</span><i>Diorhabda</i><span>&nbsp;genus, Coleoptera) that has been introduced along southwestern US river valleys to control the invasion of non-native shrubs in the genus&nbsp;</span><i>Tamarix</i><span>&nbsp;(Tamaricaceae). We collected detailed plant compositional and environmental data during four different surveys over 7&nbsp;years (2010–2017), including two surveys prior to when substantial beetle-induced dieback occurred in summer 2012, along the lower Virgin River, Nevada. The study river was of special interest because it is one of only a few largely unregulated rivers in the region, and a large flood of 40-year return period occurred between the first and second surveys, allowing us to study the combined effects of fluvial processes, which typically drive riparian plant community assembly, and biocontrol. Vegetation trajectories differed as a function of the dominant geomorphological process.&nbsp;</span><i>Tamarix</i><span>&nbsp;cover declined an average of 75% and was replaced by the native shrub&nbsp;</span><i>Pluchea sericea</i><span>&nbsp;as the new dominant species in the floodplain, especially where sediment deposition predominated. Following deposition, and especially erosion, opportunistic native herbs,&nbsp;</span><i>Tamarix</i><span>&nbsp;seedlings, and noxious weeds colonized the understory layer but did not increase in cover over time. Stands of the native shrub&nbsp;</span><i>Salix exigua</i><span>, a desirable replacement species following&nbsp;</span><i>Tamarix</i><span>&nbsp;control, only increased slightly and remained subordinate in the floodplain. Overall, our results showed that, by successfully controlling the target non-native plant, a biocontrol agent can substantially modify the replacement plant communities in a riparian system, but that fluvial processes also strongly influence the resulting communities.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10530-020-02259-9","usgsCitation":"Gonzalez, E., Shafroth, P., Lee, S.R., Ostoja, S., and Brooks, M.L., 2020, Combined effects of biological control of an invasive shrub and fluvial processes on riparian vegetation dynamics: Biological Invasions, v. 22, p. 2339-2356, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02259-9.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2339","endPage":"2356","ipdsId":"IP-117377","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P97KZJGP","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Riparian vegetation, topography, sediment quality and river corridor geomorphology in the Lower Virgin River 2010-2017"},{"id":375517,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Nevada, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Virgin River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.55419921875,\n              36.328402729422656\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.02734374999999,\n              36.328402729422656\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.02734374999999,\n              37.496652341233364\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.55419921875,\n              37.496652341233364\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.55419921875,\n              36.328402729422656\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-04-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gonzalez, Eduardo","contributorId":225181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Eduardo","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":225182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Steven R. 0000-0002-4581-3684 srlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4581-3684","contributorId":5630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Steven","email":"srlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ostoja, Steven M.","contributorId":225183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ostoja","given":"Steven M.","affiliations":[{"id":32922,"text":"USDA California Climate Hub","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":790708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brooks, Matthew L. 0000-0002-3518-6787 mlbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-6787","contributorId":393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matthew","email":"mlbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":790709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70210212,"text":"70210212 - 2020 - USGS “Did You Feel It?” — Science and lessons from twenty years of citizen science-based macroseismology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-04T12:34:23.786193","indexId":"70210212","displayToPublicDate":"2020-04-09T07:41:57","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5232,"text":"Frontiers in Earth Science","onlineIssn":"2296-6463","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"USGS “Did You Feel It?” — Science and lessons from twenty years of citizen science-based macroseismology","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) “Did You Feel It?” (DYFI) system is an automatic method for rapidly collecting macroseismic intensity data from Internet users’ shaking and damage reports and for generating intensity maps immediately following felt earthquakes. DYFI has been in operation for nearly two decades (1999-2019) in the United States, and for nearly 15 years globally. During that period the amount of data collected is astounding: Over 5 million individual DYFI intensity reports—spanning all magnitude and distance ranges—have been amassed and archived. DYFI allows for macroseismic data collection at rates and quantities never before imagined, and thus high-quality macroseismic intensity maps can be made almost immediately, and with more complete coverage at higher resolution than in the past. DYFI also allows for valuable positive interactions of the citizenry with a Federal science agency. In essence, the widespread adoption of DYFI—along with ShakeMap—has facilitated the general acceptance of the very concept of shaking intensity, fundamentally improving our agency’s ability to communicate both hazard and risk to the population. DYFI effectively confirms the importance of reporting and inculcating the public’s understanding of intensity—in addition to magnitude—for a proper perspective of earthquake risk-related decision-making. Furthermore, the vast amount of DYFI data allow for data-rich analyses of otherwise intractable seismological, sociological, and earthquake impact studies that range from quantifying the shaking due to induced earthquakes, to human response and risk\nperception, to relating recorded shaking metrics to macroseismic effects, and the attenuation of intensity with magnitude and distance. Naturally, web-based data collection also poses challenges. After two decades of experience acquiring data with the DYFI system, we address some of these hallenges by documenting refinements to our algorithmic and operational procedures that have evolved over that time. Lastly, we outline new opportune research and development directions for our DYFI approach to citizen seismology.","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers","doi":"10.3389/feart.2020.00120","usgsCitation":"Quitoriano, V., and Wald, D.J., 2020, USGS “Did You Feel It?” — Science and lessons from twenty years of citizen science-based macroseismology: Frontiers in Earth Science, v. 8, no. 120, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00120.","productDescription":"13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-117773","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457120,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00120","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":374981,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-75.867044,36.550754],[-75.536428,35.780118],[-75.723662,36.003139],[-75.85147,36.415785],[-76.019261,36.503506],[-75.793974,36.07171],[-75.922344,36.244122],[-75.904999,36.164188],[-76.184702,36.298166],[-76.064224,36.143775],[-76.447812,36.192514],[-76.298733,36.1012],[-76.514335,36.00564],[-76.676484,36.043612],[-76.693253,36.278357],[-76.7521,36.147328],[-76.667547,35.933509],[-76.024162,35.970891],[-76.04015,35.65131],[-75.947293,35.959835],[-75.80935,35.959308],[-75.71294,35.69849],[-75.775328,35.579335],[-75.895045,35.573152],[-76.149655,35.326411],[-76.485762,35.371375],[-76.586349,35.508957],[-76.471207,35.55742],[-76.634468,35.510332],[-76.580187,35.387113],[-77.023912,35.514802],[-76.467776,35.276951],[-76.60042,35.067867],[-76.801426,34.964369],[-76.982904,35.060607],[-76.762931,34.920374],[-76.463468,35.076411],[-76.395625,34.975179],[-76.288354,35.005726],[-76.524712,34.681964],[-76.604796,34.787482],[-76.673619,34.71491],[-76.523303,34.652271],[-76.038648,35.065045],[-76.535946,34.588577],[-76.726969,34.69669],[-77.169701,34.622023],[-77.740136,34.272546],[-77.970606,33.844517],[-78.276147,33.912364],[-78.772737,33.768511],[-79.084588,33.483669],[-79.18787,33.173712],[-79.359961,33.006672],[-79.55756,33.021269],[-79.576006,32.906235],[-79.999374,32.611851],[-80.472068,32.496964],[-80.455192,32.326458],[-80.858735,32.099581],[-80.862814,31.969346],[-81.203572,31.719448],[-81.133493,31.623348],[-81.260076,31.54828],[-81.177254,31.517074],[-81.288403,31.211065],[-81.493651,30.977528],[-81.403409,30.957914],[-81.447087,30.503679],[-81.163581,29.55529],[-80.525094,28.459454],[-80.606874,28.336484],[-80.566432,28.09563],[-80.031362,26.796339],[-80.127987,25.772245],[-80.154972,25.66549],[-80.197674,25.74437],[-80.296719,25.622195],[-80.31036,25.3731],[-80.418872,25.235532],[-81.079859,25.118797],[-81.352731,25.822015],[-81.527665,25.901531],[-81.68954,25.85271],[-81.868983,26.378648],[-82.105672,26.48393],[-82.181565,26.681712],[-82.093023,26.665614],[-82.063126,26.950214],[-82.175241,26.916867],[-82.147068,26.789803],[-82.259867,26.717398],[-82.745748,27.538834],[-82.65072,27.523115],[-82.393383,27.837519],[-82.478063,27.92768],[-82.47244,27.822559],[-82.553946,27.848462],[-82.553918,27.966998],[-82.678606,27.993715],[-82.720395,27.937199],[-82.566819,27.858002],[-82.733076,27.612972],[-82.846526,27.854301],[-82.654138,28.590837],[-82.804736,29.146624],[-83.053207,29.130839],[-83.686423,29.923735],[-84.000716,30.096209],[-84.256439,30.103791],[-84.358923,30.058224],[-84.349066,29.896812],[-85.344768,29.654793],[-85.413575,29.85294],[-85.353885,29.684765],[-85.302591,29.808094],[-85.405052,29.938487],[-86.2987,30.363049],[-86.750906,30.391881],[-88.028401,30.221132],[-87.755263,30.277292],[-88.008396,30.684956],[-88.136173,30.320729],[-88.841328,30.409598],[-89.291444,30.303296],[-89.335942,30.374016],[-89.461275,30.174745],[-89.857558,30.004439],[-89.660568,29.862909],[-89.481926,30.079128],[-89.372375,30.054729],[-89.433411,29.991205],[-89.368019,29.911491],[-89.218071,29.97275],[-89.322289,29.887333],[-89.236298,29.877081],[-89.383789,29.838928],[-89.271034,29.756355],[-89.651237,29.749479],[-89.485367,29.624357],[-89.688141,29.615055],[-89.700501,29.515967],[-89.508551,29.386168],[-89.189354,29.345061],[-89.000674,29.180091],[-89.41148,28.925011],[-89.354798,29.072543],[-89.482844,29.215053],[-89.850305,29.311768],[-89.849642,29.477996],[-90.01251,29.462775],[-90.009678,29.294785],[-90.096038,29.240673],[-89.949925,29.263154],[-90.174273,29.105301],[-90.348768,29.057817],[-90.234235,29.110268],[-90.271251,29.204639],[-90.332796,29.276956],[-90.472489,29.192688],[-90.510555,29.290925],[-90.803699,29.063709],[-90.637495,29.066608],[-90.839345,29.039167],[-90.961278,29.180817],[-91.278792,29.247776],[-91.33275,29.305816],[-91.221166,29.436421],[-91.531021,29.531543],[-91.553537,29.632766],[-91.648941,29.633635],[-91.632829,29.742576],[-91.88075,29.710839],[-91.889118,29.836023],[-92.149349,29.697052],[-91.712002,29.56474],[-91.782387,29.482882],[-92.046316,29.584362],[-92.61627,29.578729],[-93.267456,29.778113],[-94.056506,29.671163],[-94.778691,29.361483],[-94.495025,29.525031],[-94.779674,29.530533],[-94.735271,29.785433],[-94.893107,29.661336],[-94.965963,29.70033],[-95.018253,29.554885],[-94.909898,29.49691],[-94.893994,29.30817],[-95.16525,29.113566],[-94.72253,29.331446],[-95.38239,28.866348],[-96.378616,28.383909],[-95.978526,28.650594],[-96.228909,28.580873],[-96.222802,28.698431],[-96.487943,28.569677],[-96.648758,28.709627],[-96.403973,28.44245],[-96.672677,28.335579],[-96.775985,28.405809],[-96.800413,28.224128],[-96.934765,28.123873],[-97.037008,28.185528],[-97.214039,28.087494],[-97.022806,28.107588],[-97.186709,27.825453],[-97.379042,27.837867],[-97.253955,27.696696],[-97.401942,27.335574],[-97.532223,27.278577],[-97.501688,27.366618],[-97.639094,27.253131],[-97.42408,27.264073],[-97.563266,26.842188],[-97.295072,26.108342],[-97.216954,25.993838],[-97.152009,26.062108],[-97.145567,25.971132],[-97.422636,25.840378],[-97.649176,26.021499],[-98.197046,26.056153],[-98.807348,26.369421],[-99.085126,26.398782],[-99.268613,26.843213],[-99.446524,27.023008],[-99.512219,27.568094],[-99.841708,27.766464],[-99.931812,27.980967],[-100.293468,28.278475],[-100.333814,28.499252],[-100.797671,29.246943],[-101.254895,29.520342],[-101.415402,29.756561],[-102.315389,29.87992],[-102.386678,29.76688],[-102.670971,29.741954],[-102.866846,29.225015],[-103.115328,28.98527],[-103.28119,28.982138],[-104.507568,29.639624],[-104.924796,30.604832],[-106.207837,31.468188],[-106.451541,31.764808],[-108.208394,31.783599],[-108.208573,31.333395],[-111.074825,31.332239],[-114.813613,32.494277],[-114.719633,32.718763],[-117.124862,32.534156],[-117.469794,33.296417],[-118.132698,33.753217],[-118.411211,33.741985],[-118.519514,34.027509],[-119.130169,34.100102],[-119.559459,34.413395],[-120.471376,34.447846],[-120.637805,34.56622],[-120.644311,35.139616],[-120.856047,35.206487],[-120.884757,35.430196],[-121.284973,35.674109],[-121.503112,36.000299],[-121.888491,36.30281],[-121.978592,36.580488],[-121.814462,36.682858],[-121.862266,36.931552],[-122.105976,36.955951],[-122.405073,37.195791],[-122.514483,37.780829],[-122.398139,37.80563],[-122.378545,37.605592],[-122.111344,37.50758],[-122.430087,37.963115],[-122.273006,38.07438],[-122.489974,38.112014],[-122.438268,37.880974],[-122.505383,37.822128],[-122.882114,38.025273],[-123.024066,37.994878],[-122.977082,38.267902],[-123.725367,38.917438],[-123.851714,39.832041],[-124.363414,40.260974],[-124.408601,40.443201],[-124.137066,40.925732],[-124.063076,41.439579],[-124.147412,41.717955],[-124.255994,41.783014],[-124.214213,42.005939],[-124.410982,42.250547],[-124.401177,42.627192],[-124.552441,42.840568],[-124.233534,43.55713],[-124.067569,44.428582],[-123.927891,46.009564],[-124.024305,46.229256],[-123.854801,46.157342],[-123.547636,46.265595],[-124.080671,46.267239],[-124.068655,46.634879],[-124.026032,46.462978],[-123.943667,46.477197],[-123.960642,46.636364],[-123.84621,46.716795],[-124.092176,46.741624],[-124.138225,46.905534],[-123.86018,46.948556],[-124.122057,47.04165],[-124.180111,46.926357],[-124.425195,47.738434],[-124.672427,47.964414],[-124.733174,48.163393],[-124.65894,48.331057],[-124.731828,48.381157],[-123.981032,48.164761],[-123.133445,48.177276],[-122.877641,48.047025],[-122.833173,48.134406],[-122.760448,48.14324],[-122.766648,48.04429],[-122.68724,48.101662],[-122.718082,47.987739],[-122.610341,47.887343],[-122.811929,47.679861],[-122.820178,47.835904],[-123.15598,47.355745],[-122.549072,47.919072],[-122.470333,47.757109],[-122.554454,47.745704],[-122.479089,47.583654],[-122.547521,47.285344],[-122.611464,47.2181],[-122.697378,47.283969],[-122.632463,47.376394],[-122.725738,47.33047],[-122.641802,47.205013],[-122.711997,47.127681],[-122.832799,47.243412],[-122.803688,47.355071],[-122.863732,47.270221],[-122.858735,47.167955],[-122.67813,47.103866],[-122.547747,47.316403],[-122.4442,47.266723],[-122.324833,47.348521],[-122.421139,47.57602],[-122.339513,47.599113],[-122.429841,47.658919],[-122.224979,48.016626],[-122.395499,48.228551],[-122.479008,48.175703],[-122.358375,48.056133],[-122.512031,48.133931],[-122.530996,48.249821],[-122.371693,48.287839],[-122.712322,48.464143],[-122.471832,48.470724],[-122.534719,48.574246],[-122.425271,48.599522],[-122.535803,48.776128],[-122.673472,48.733082],[-122.821631,48.941369],[-122.75802,49.002357],[-95.153711,48.998903],[-95.15335,49.383079],[-94.957465,49.370186],[-94.816222,49.320987],[-94.645083,48.744143],[-93.840754,48.628548],[-93.794454,48.516021],[-92.954876,48.631493],[-92.634931,48.542873],[-92.712562,48.463013],[-92.456325,48.414204],[-92.369174,48.220268],[-92.26228,48.354933],[-92.055228,48.359213],[-91.567254,48.043719],[-90.88548,48.245784],[-90.751608,48.090968],[-89.489226,48.014528],[-90.86827,47.5569],[-92.094089,46.787839],[-91.961889,46.682539],[-90.855874,46.962232],[-90.750952,46.890293],[-90.951476,46.597033],[-90.73726,46.692267],[-90.436512,46.561748],[-88.972802,47.002096],[-88.418841,47.371058],[-87.929672,47.478743],[-87.710471,47.4062],[-87.957058,47.38726],[-88.227552,47.199938],[-88.443901,46.972251],[-88.462349,46.786711],[-88.142807,46.966302],[-88.175197,46.90458],[-87.681561,46.842392],[-87.352448,46.501324],[-87.008724,46.532723],[-86.850111,46.434114],[-86.698139,46.438624],[-86.678182,46.561039],[-86.586168,46.463324],[-86.161681,46.669475],[-84.989497,46.772403],[-85.015211,46.479712],[-84.551496,46.418522],[-84.128925,46.530119],[-84.097766,46.256512],[-84.251424,46.175888],[-83.873147,45.993426],[-83.765277,46.018363],[-83.815826,46.108529],[-83.581315,46.089613],[-83.510623,45.929324],[-84.376429,45.931962],[-84.656567,46.052654],[-84.746985,45.835597],[-85.01399,46.010774],[-85.499422,46.09692],[-85.697203,45.960158],[-86.278007,45.942057],[-86.616893,45.606796],[-86.718191,45.67732],[-86.541464,45.890234],[-86.78208,45.860195],[-86.964275,45.672761],[-87.031435,45.837238],[-87.600796,45.146842],[-87.630298,44.976865],[-87.837647,44.933091],[-88.005518,44.539216],[-87.756048,44.649117],[-87.609784,44.838514],[-87.384821,44.865532],[-87.238426,45.166492],[-86.970355,45.278455],[-87.467089,44.553557],[-87.512903,44.192808],[-87.735436,43.882219],[-87.702685,43.687596],[-87.911787,43.250406],[-87.766675,42.784896],[-87.828569,42.269922],[-87.42344,41.642835],[-87.066033,41.661845],[-86.616978,41.896625],[-86.297168,42.358207],[-86.208654,42.69209],[-86.254646,43.083409],[-86.540916,43.633158],[-86.43114,43.815569],[-86.514704,44.057672],[-86.26871,44.345324],[-86.254996,44.691935],[-85.551072,45.210742],[-85.652355,44.849092],[-85.593833,44.768651],[-85.475204,44.991053],[-85.576566,44.760208],[-85.3958,44.931018],[-85.371593,45.270834],[-84.91585,45.393115],[-85.115479,45.539406],[-84.942636,45.714292],[-85.014509,45.760329],[-84.726192,45.786905],[-84.215268,45.634767],[-84.095905,45.497298],[-83.488826,45.355872],[-83.265896,45.026844],[-83.454168,45.03188],[-83.274747,44.714893],[-83.332533,44.340464],[-83.53771,44.248171],[-83.58409,44.056748],[-83.877047,43.959351],[-83.909479,43.672622],[-83.666052,43.591292],[-83.26153,43.973525],[-82.967439,44.066138],[-82.746255,43.996037],[-82.643166,43.852468],[-82.412965,42.977041],[-82.518782,42.613888],[-82.686417,42.518597],[-82.630851,42.673341],[-82.813518,42.640833],[-82.894013,42.389437],[-83.096521,42.290138],[-83.133511,42.088143],[-83.455626,41.727445],[-82.934369,41.514353],[-82.834101,41.587587],[-82.499099,41.381541],[-82.011966,41.515639],[-81.738755,41.48855],[-81.288892,41.758945],[-80.329976,42.036168],[-79.148723,42.553672],[-78.851355,42.791758],[-79.074467,43.077855],[-79.070469,43.262454],[-78.370221,43.376505],[-77.760231,43.341161],[-77.551022,43.235763],[-76.958402,43.270005],[-76.235834,43.529256],[-76.28272,43.858601],[-76.125023,43.912773],[-76.360306,44.070907],[-76.312647,44.199044],[-74.992756,44.977449],[-71.502487,45.013367],[-71.443882,45.235462],[-71.296509,45.29919],[-71.13943,45.242958],[-71.01081,45.34725],[-70.857042,45.22916],[-70.795009,45.428145],[-70.634661,45.383608],[-70.688214,45.563981],[-70.259117,45.890755],[-70.292736,46.191599],[-70.057061,46.415036],[-69.997086,46.69523],[-69.22442,47.459686],[-69.043947,47.427634],[-69.050334,47.256621],[-68.902425,47.178839],[-68.329879,47.36023],[-67.955669,47.199542],[-67.789461,47.062544],[-67.750422,45.917898],[-67.817892,45.693705],[-67.429716,45.583773],[-67.489464,45.282653],[-67.345585,45.126392],[-67.157919,45.161004],[-66.950569,44.814539],[-67.293403,44.599265],[-67.308538,44.707454],[-67.405492,44.594236],[-67.551133,44.621938],[-67.568159,44.531117],[-67.839896,44.558771],[-67.855108,44.419434],[-68.049334,44.33073],[-68.117746,44.475038],[-68.261708,44.484062],[-68.173608,44.328397],[-68.317588,44.225101],[-68.430946,44.298624],[-68.3791,44.430049],[-68.565161,44.39907],[-68.525302,44.227554],[-68.827197,44.31216],[-68.783679,44.473879],[-68.927452,44.448039],[-69.100863,44.104529],[-69.031878,44.079036],[-69.214205,43.935583],[-69.398455,43.971804],[-69.838689,43.70514],[-69.884066,43.778035],[-70.041351,43.738053],[-70.009869,43.859315],[-70.190014,43.771866],[-70.196911,43.565146],[-70.361214,43.52919],[-70.810069,42.909549],[-70.778671,42.693622],[-70.594014,42.63503],[-70.871382,42.546404],[-71.01568,42.326019],[-70.722269,42.207959],[-70.63848,42.081579],[-70.710034,41.999544],[-70.471552,41.761563],[-70.024734,41.787364],[-70.095595,42.032832],[-70.245385,42.063733],[-70.058531,42.040363],[-69.935952,41.809422],[-69.998071,41.54365],[-70.007011,41.671579],[-70.351634,41.634687],[-70.948431,41.409193],[-70.658659,41.543385],[-70.623652,41.707398],[-70.718739,41.73574],[-71.19302,41.457931],[-71.240709,41.619225],[-71.24071,41.474872],[-71.337695,41.448902],[-71.19564,41.67509],[-71.350057,41.727835],[-71.449318,41.687401],[-71.483295,41.371722],[-72.916827,41.282033],[-73.643478,41.002171],[-73.781369,40.794907],[-73.485365,40.946397],[-72.585327,40.997587],[-72.278789,41.158722],[-72.317238,41.088659],[-72.10216,40.991509],[-71.856214,41.070598],[-73.23914,40.6251],[-73.934512,40.545175],[-74.024543,40.709436],[-74.186027,40.646076],[-74.261889,40.464706],[-73.978282,40.440208],[-74.096906,39.76303],[-74.864458,38.94041],[-74.971995,38.94037],[-74.887167,39.158825],[-75.136548,39.179425],[-75.536431,39.460559],[-75.509342,39.685313],[-75.587147,39.651012],[-75.402035,39.066885],[-75.089473,38.797198],[-75.048939,38.451263],[-75.195382,38.093582],[-75.514921,37.799149],[-75.906734,37.114193],[-76.018645,37.31782],[-75.663095,37.961195],[-75.892686,37.916848],[-75.812913,38.058932],[-75.958786,38.135572],[-75.848473,38.20934],[-75.970514,38.233668],[-75.973876,38.36585],[-76.032044,38.216684],[-76.258189,38.318373],[-76.33636,38.492235],[-76.147158,38.63684],[-76.238685,38.735434],[-76.347998,38.686234],[-76.271575,38.851771],[-76.19343,38.821787],[-76.203638,38.928382],[-76.376031,38.848777],[-76.311766,39.035257],[-76.164004,38.99953],[-76.145174,39.092824],[-76.231765,39.018518],[-76.274741,39.164961],[-76.170588,39.331954],[-76.002408,39.367501],[-75.970337,39.557637],[-76.096072,39.536912],[-76.060988,39.447775],[-76.281374,39.304531],[-76.341443,39.354217],[-76.425281,39.205708],[-76.535885,39.211008],[-76.394358,39.01216],[-76.557535,38.744687],[-76.321499,38.03805],[-76.920778,38.291529],[-77.016371,38.445572],[-77.250172,38.382781],[-77.263599,38.512344],[-77.12634,38.6177],[-77.246704,38.635217],[-77.279633,38.339444],[-77.043526,38.400548],[-76.962311,38.214075],[-76.613939,38.148587],[-76.236725,37.889174],[-76.339892,37.655966],[-76.28037,37.613715],[-76.36232,37.610368],[-76.784618,37.869569],[-76.542666,37.616857],[-76.300144,37.561734],[-76.360474,37.51924],[-76.265056,37.481365],[-76.275552,37.309964],[-76.415167,37.402133],[-76.349489,37.273963],[-76.50364,37.233856],[-76.292344,37.126615],[-76.304272,37.001378],[-76.428869,36.969947],[-76.649869,37.220914],[-76.802511,37.198308],[-76.685614,37.198851],[-76.662558,37.045748],[-76.469914,36.882898],[-76.297663,36.968147],[-75.996252,36.922047],[-75.867044,36.550754]],[[-77.038598,38.791513],[-76.910795,38.891712],[-77.040999,38.99511],[-77.1199,38.934311],[-77.038598,38.791513]]],[[[-120.248484,33.999329],[-120.043259,34.035806],[-119.97026,33.944359],[-120.121817,33.895712],[-120.248484,33.999329]]],[[[-119.789798,34.05726],[-119.52064,34.034262],[-119.758141,33.959212],[-119.923337,34.069361],[-119.789798,34.05726]]],[[[-118.524531,32.895488],[-118.605534,33.030999],[-118.353504,32.821962],[-118.524531,32.895488]]],[[[-118.500212,33.449592],[-118.305084,33.310323],[-118.465368,33.326056],[-118.60403,33.47654],[-118.500212,33.449592]]],[[[-81.582923,24.658732],[-81.425483,24.752989],[-81.298028,24.656774],[-81.81289,24.546468],[-81.582923,24.658732]]],[[[-84.777208,29.707398],[-84.696726,29.76993],[-85.097082,29.625215],[-84.777208,29.707398]]],[[[-85.156415,29.679628],[-85.077237,29.670862],[-85.222546,29.678039],[-85.156415,29.679628]]],[[[-82.255777,26.703437],[-82.166042,26.489679],[-82.013913,26.452058],[-82.177017,26.471558],[-82.255777,26.703437]]],[[[-80.250581,25.34193],[-80.659395,24.897433],[-80.174544,25.518406],[-80.250581,25.34193]]],[[[-88.865067,29.752714],[-88.944435,29.658806],[-88.8312,29.878839],[-88.881454,30.053202],[-88.865067,29.752714]]],[[[-70.59628,41.471905],[-70.451084,41.348161],[-70.838777,41.347209],[-70.59628,41.471905]]],[[[-70.092142,41.297741],[-70.049053,41.391702],[-69.960181,41.264546],[-70.275526,41.310464],[-70.092142,41.297741]]],[[[-68.453236,44.189998],[-68.384903,44.154955],[-68.502096,44.152388],[-68.453236,44.189998]]],[[[-68.680773,44.279242],[-68.605906,44.230772],[-68.675056,44.137131],[-68.680773,44.279242]]],[[[-68.785601,44.053503],[-68.944597,44.11284],[-68.825067,44.186338],[-68.785601,44.053503]]],[[[-68.942826,44.281073],[-68.868444,44.38144],[-68.95189,44.218719],[-68.942826,44.281073]]],[[[-88.684434,48.115785],[-88.418244,48.18037],[-88.968903,47.901675],[-88.899698,47.902445],[-89.255202,47.876102],[-88.684434,48.115785]]],[[[-84.612845,45.834528],[-84.35602,45.771895],[-84.484128,45.73071],[-84.612845,45.834528]]],[[[-85.566441,45.760222],[-85.487026,45.621211],[-85.561634,45.572213],[-85.630016,45.598166],[-85.566441,45.760222]]],[[[-75.753765,35.199612],[-75.529393,35.288272],[-75.533512,35.773577],[-75.458659,35.596597],[-75.52592,35.233839],[-76.013145,35.061855],[-75.753765,35.199612]]],[[[-74.144428,40.53516],[-74.254588,40.502303],[-74.1894,40.642121],[-74.075884,40.648101],[-74.144428,40.53516]]],[[[-66.438813,18.485713],[-65.618229,18.386496],[-65.589947,18.228225],[-65.832429,18.014916],[-66.159742,17.928613],[-66.764491,18.006317],[-67.212101,17.956027],[-67.152665,18.203493],[-67.27135,18.362329],[-67.14283,18.505485],[-66.438813,18.485713]]],[[[-97.240849,26.411504],[-97.387459,26.820789],[-97.361796,27.359988],[-96.879424,28.131402],[-96.403206,28.371475],[-96.966996,27.950531],[-97.30447,27.407734],[-97.370731,26.909706],[-97.154271,26.066841],[-97.240849,26.411504]]],[[[-122.519535,48.288314],[-122.668385,48.223967],[-122.54512,48.05255],[-122.376259,48.034457],[-122.380497,47.904023],[-122.770045,48.224395],[-122.664659,48.401508],[-122.519535,48.288314]]],[[[-122.474684,47.511068],[-122.373628,47.388718],[-122.51885,47.33332],[-122.474684,47.511068]]],[[[-122.800217,48.60169],[-122.874135,48.418196],[-123.203026,48.596178],[-122.987296,48.561895],[-123.048652,48.621002],[-122.894599,48.71503],[-122.743049,48.661991],[-122.800217,48.60169]]],[[[-90.572383,46.958835],[-90.508157,46.956836],[-90.654796,46.919249],[-90.572383,46.958835]]],[[[-90.757147,47.03372],[-90.544875,47.017383],[-90.671581,46.948973],[-90.757147,47.03372]]],[[[-86.880572,45.331467],[-86.943041,45.41525],[-86.810055,45.422619],[-86.880572,45.331467]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Alabama\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"8","issue":"120","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quitoriano, Vince 0000-0003-4157-1101 vinceq@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4157-1101","contributorId":2582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quitoriano","given":"Vince","email":"vinceq@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":789549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":789550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70209600,"text":"70209600 - 2020 - Gap fill of Land surface temperature and reflectance products in Analysis Ready Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-15T11:45:58.03143","indexId":"70209600","displayToPublicDate":"2020-04-09T06:43:38","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gap fill of Land surface temperature and reflectance products in Analysis Ready Data","docAbstract":"The recently released Landsat Analysis Ready Data (ARD) over the United States provides the opportunity to investigate landscape dynamics using dense time series observations at 30-m resolution. However, the dataset often contains data gaps (or missing data) because of cloud contamination or data acquisition strategy. We present a new algorithm that focuses on data gap filling using clear observations from orbit overlap regions. Multiple linear regression models were established for each pixel time series to estimate stable predictions and uncertainties. The model's training data came from stratified random samples based on the time series similarity between the pixel and data from the overlap regions. The algorithm was evaluated using four tiles (5,000 × 5,000 30-m pixels for each tile) from 2018 land surface temperature data (LST) in Atlanta, Georgia. The accuracy was assessed using 1,000 randomly masked pixels and daily air temperature from eight ground stations. Both assessments showed the r2 value above 0.75, except two stations with mixed Landsat pixels. We also compared our results with the eMODIS LST product in terms of annual mean temperature. The two maps showed a similar spatial pattern at the region level, but our results showed more spatial detail in the urban area that matched the pattern of impervious surface. We also applied the method on ARD surface reflectance bands at Fairbanks, Alaska, to illustrate its improvements in surface reflectance products and in land change modeling. This approach can also be applied to other datasets, vegetation indexes, or spectral reflectance bands of other sensors.","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs12071192","collaboration":"","usgsCitation":"Zhou, Q., Xian, G.Z., and Shi, H., 2020, Gap fill of Land surface temperature and reflectance products in Analysis Ready Data: Remote Sensing, v. 12, no. 7, 1192, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12071192.","productDescription":"1192, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-113228","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12071192","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":374000,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-04-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhou, Qiang 0000-0002-1282-8177","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1282-8177","contributorId":223103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"Qiang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xian, George Z. 0000-0001-5674-2204 xian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-2204","contributorId":2263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xian","given":"George","email":"xian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shi, Hua 0000-0001-7013-1565 hshi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7013-1565","contributorId":646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shi","given":"Hua","email":"hshi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70214526,"text":"70214526 - 2020 - How processing methodologies can distort and bias power spectral density estimates of seismic background noise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-01T14:48:49.869932","indexId":"70214526","displayToPublicDate":"2020-04-08T09:39:20","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How processing methodologies can distort and bias power spectral density estimates of seismic background noise","docAbstract":"<p><span>Power spectral density (PSD) estimates are widely used in seismological studies to characterize background noise conditions, assess instrument performance, and study quasi‐stationary signals that are difficult to observe in the time domain. However, these studies often utilize different processing techniques, each of which can inherently bias the resulting PSD estimates. The level of smoothing, the size of the data window, and the method used for actually estimating the spectral content can all have strong influences on PSD estimates and background noise statistics. We show that although smoothing reduces the variance of the PSD estimate, the corresponding decrease in frequency resolution can eliminate or distort features of interest. For instance, popular software packages such as Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Modular Utility for STAatistical kNowledge Gathering (MUSTANG) and earlier versions of Portable Array Seismic Studies of the Continental Lithosphere Quick Look eXtended (PQLX), which were designed for data quality control and are effective in that regard, are less suitable for scientific studies that require accurate resolution of spectral peaks, even for peaks as broad as the primary (</span><span class=\"inline-formula no-formula-id\">⁠<span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mo xmlns=&quot;&quot; form=&quot;prefix&quot;>&amp;#x223C;</mo><mn xmlns=&quot;&quot;>14</mn><mtext xmlns=&quot;&quot;>&amp;#x2009;&amp;#x2009;</mtext><mi xmlns=&quot;&quot; mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot;>s</mi></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-1\" class=\"math\"><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-2\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-3\" class=\"mo\">∼</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-4\" class=\"mn\">14</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-5\" class=\"mtext\">  </span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-6\" class=\"mi\">s</span></span></span></span></span></span><span>&nbsp;period) and secondary (</span><span class=\"inline-formula no-formula-id\">⁠<span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mo xmlns=&quot;&quot; form=&quot;prefix&quot;>&amp;#x223C;</mo><mn xmlns=&quot;&quot;>7</mn><mtext xmlns=&quot;&quot;>&amp;#x2009;&amp;#x2009;</mtext><mi xmlns=&quot;&quot; mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot;>s</mi></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-7\" class=\"math\"><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-8\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-9\" class=\"mo\">∼</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-10\" class=\"mn\">7</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-11\" class=\"mtext\">  </span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-12\" class=\"mi\">s</span></span></span></span></span></span><span>&nbsp;period) microseisms. We also demonstrate how the 1 and 3&nbsp;hr data windows used in MUSTANG and PQLX can be strongly influenced by energy generated from moderate‐size (</span><span class=\"inline-formula no-formula-id\">⁠<span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mi xmlns=&quot;&quot; mathvariant=&quot;bold&quot;>M</mi><mo xmlns=&quot;&quot;>&amp;gt;</mo><mo xmlns=&quot;&quot;>&amp;#x223C;</mo><mn xmlns=&quot;&quot;>4.8</mn></math>\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-13\" class=\"math\"><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-14\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-15\" class=\"mi\">M</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-16\" class=\"mo\">&gt;</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-17\" class=\"mo\">∼</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-18\" class=\"mn\">4.8</span></span></span></span></span>⁠</span><span>) teleseismic earthquakes. The ubiquity of these events is likely skewing median ambient‐noise estimates by as much as 5&nbsp;dB upward, for periods of 10–50&nbsp;s at high‐quality broadband stations. Finally, we illustrate that many of the discrepancies between global low‐noise models are attributable to processing methodologies rather than fundamental differences in the underlying seismic data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220190212","usgsCitation":"Anthony, R.E., Ringler, A.T., Wilson, D.C., Bahavar, M., and Koper, K.D., 2020, How processing methodologies can distort and bias power spectral density estimates of seismic background noise: Seismological Research Letters, v. 91, no. 3, p. 1694-1706, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220190212.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1694","endPage":"1706","ipdsId":"IP-112932","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378908,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anthony, Robert 0000-0001-7089-8846 reanthony@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7089-8846","contributorId":202829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Robert","email":"reanthony@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ringler, Adam T. 0000-0002-9839-4188 aringler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-4188","contributorId":145576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringler","given":"Adam","email":"aringler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, David C. 0000-0003-2582-5159 dwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-5159","contributorId":145580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"David","email":"dwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bahavar, Manochehr","contributorId":241646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bahavar","given":"Manochehr","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48379,"text":"Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology, Data Management Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Koper, Keith D.","contributorId":175489,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koper","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27579,"text":"Swiss Federal Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70213345,"text":"70213345 - 2020 - Earthquake early warning ShakeAlert 2.0: Public rollout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-17T14:36:17.949095","indexId":"70213345","displayToPublicDate":"2020-04-08T09:25:18","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake early warning ShakeAlert 2.0: Public rollout","docAbstract":"The ShakeAlert Earthquake Early Warning System is designed to automatically identify and characterize the initiation and rupture evolution of large earthquakes, estimate the intensity of ground shaking that will result, and deliver alerts to people and systems that may experience shaking, prior to the occurrence of shaking at their location. It is configured to issue alerts to locations within the West Coast of the U.S. In 2018, ShakeAlert 2.0 went live in a regional public test in the first phase of a general public rollout. The ShakeAlert system is now providing alerts to over sixty institutional partners in the three states of the Western U.S. where most of the nation’s earthquake risk is concentrated: California, Oregon, and Washington. The ShakeAlert 2.0 product for public alerting is a message containing a polygon enclosing a region predicted to experience Modified Mercalli Intensity ≥ IV for an earthquake of M5.0 or larger, corresponding to moderate-to-strong ground shaking. A polygon format alert is the easiest description for selective re-broadcasting mechanisms (e.g. cell towers) and is a requirement for some mass notification systems such as the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s Integrated Public Alert and Warning System. ShakeAlert 2.0 is tested using historic waveform data consisting of 60 M3.5+ and 25 M5.0+ earthquakes, in addition to other anomalous waveforms. For the historic event test, the average M5+ false alert rate/missed event rate for ShakeAlert 2.0 is 8%/16%, and the M3.5+ false alert rate/missed event rate is 10%/36.7%. Real-time performance metrics are also presented to assess how the system behaves in regions that are well-instrumented, sparsely instrumented, and offshore.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220190245","usgsCitation":"Kohler, M., Smith, D.E., Andrews, J., Chung, A.I., Hartog, R., Henson, I., Given, D.D., deGroot, R.M., and Guiwits, S., 2020, Earthquake early warning ShakeAlert 2.0: Public rollout: Seismological Research Letters, v. 91, no. 3, p. 1763-1775, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220190245.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1763","endPage":"1775","ipdsId":"IP-114869","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457135,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200506-122500671","text":"External Repository"},{"id":378501,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"British Columbia, California, Oregon, Washinton","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.42187500000001,\n              32.54681317351514\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.2578125,\n              32.69486597787505\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.08203125,\n              34.66935854524543\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.234375,\n              39.16414104768742\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.14648437499999,\n              41.902277040963696\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.0703125,\n              41.96765920367816\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.806640625,\n              45.767522962149876\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.42187500000001,\n              49.15296965617042\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.68554687499999,\n              50.792047064406866\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.0234375,\n              51.17934297928927\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.892578125,\n              47.754097979680026\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.03515625,\n              40.58058466412761\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.55273437499999,\n              34.016241889667015\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.42187500000001,\n              32.54681317351514\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"91","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kohler, Monica","contributorId":201881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kohler","given":"Monica","affiliations":[{"id":13711,"text":"Caltech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Deborah E. 0000-0002-8317-7762 deborahsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8317-7762","contributorId":5670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Deborah","email":"deborahsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andrews, Jennifer","contributorId":187764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andrews","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chung, Angela I.","contributorId":240899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chung","given":"Angela","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hartog, Renate","contributorId":240901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hartog","given":"Renate","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Henson, Ivan","contributorId":201884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henson","given":"Ivan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Given, Douglas D. 0000-0002-3277-5121 doug@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3277-5121","contributorId":201870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Given","given":"Douglas","email":"doug@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"deGroot, Robert Michael 0000-0001-9995-4207","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9995-4207","contributorId":239577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"deGroot","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Guiwits, Stephen Robert 0000-0002-6481-6231","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6481-6231","contributorId":240905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guiwits","given":"Stephen Robert","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70208386,"text":"ofr20191148 - 2020 - Groundwater chloride concentrations in domestic wells and proximity to roadways in Vermont, 2011–2018","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-13T22:25:08.237454","indexId":"ofr20191148","displayToPublicDate":"2020-04-08T09:20:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-1148","displayTitle":"Groundwater Chloride Concentrations in Domestic Wells and Proximity to Roadways in Vermont, 2011–2018","title":"Groundwater chloride concentrations in domestic wells and proximity to roadways in Vermont, 2011–2018","docAbstract":"<p>The Vermont Department of Health and the U.S. Geological Survey analyzed the concentrations of chloride in groundwater samples collected from 4,319 domestic wells across Vermont between 2011 and 2018. Ninety of these wells were sampled twice and the remaining 4,229 were sampled once. This sample size represents approximately 4 percent of all wells in the State of Vermont. More than half of the wells sampled statewide had groundwater chloride concentrations less than 5 milligrams per liter, whereas more than 1 percent had groundwater concentrations greater than 250 milligrams per liter. Statistical analysis of this dataset revealed distinct patterns in the distribution of chloride in domestic wells. Wells closer (less than 100 meters) to a paved road had significantly higher concentrations of chloride than wells farther ( more than 100 meters) away. Also, wells in urban and in high population density areas, particularly Chittenden and Grand Isle Counties, had significantly higher concentrations of chloride and exhibited greater change in concentrations of chloride over time than wells in less populated areas. This evaluation addresses the distribution of chloride concentrations across the State, which may have adverse health impacts from water infrastructure corrosion and implications for deicing salt application at the State and local levels.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191148","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Vermont Department of Health","usgsCitation":"Levitt, J.P., and Larsen, S.L., 2020, Groundwater chloride concentrations in domestic wells and proximity to roadways in Vermont, 2011–2018: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1148, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191148.","productDescription":"Report: 12 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-104230","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373835,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1148/ofr20191148.pdf","text":"Report","size":"77.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1148"},{"id":373355,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9MK78K2","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Chloride concentrations and georeferenced land use variables from domestic wells in Vermont, 2011–2018"},{"id":373362,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1148/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-72.433796,43.232999],[-72.4405,43.219049],[-72.440563,43.215254],[-72.437719,43.20275],[-72.45028,43.192485],[-72.449435,43.18917],[-72.443749,43.182221],[-72.443405,43.179729],[-72.452556,43.172117],[-72.451868,43.170174],[-72.451802,43.153486],[-72.45714,43.148493],[-72.45689,43.146558],[-72.451986,43.138924],[-72.448303,43.137187],[-72.444214,43.13737],[-72.440905,43.135793],[-72.44078,43.131472],[-72.442746,43.131152],[-72.442933,43.130192],[-72.432972,43.119655],[-72.433129,43.112637],[-72.434845,43.109917],[-72.440587,43.106145],[-72.442427,43.10363],[-72.443051,43.100841],[-72.435191,43.086622],[-72.435316,43.083536],[-72.445202,43.071352],[-72.45471,43.063487],[-72.463812,43.057404],[-72.467363,43.052648],[-72.465896,43.047505],[-72.462248,43.044214],[-72.460252,43.040671],[-72.46299,43.028531],[-72.462397,43.02556],[-72.457035,43.017285],[-72.444635,43.010566],[-72.443762,43.006245],[-72.448714,43.001169],[-72.451797,43.000577],[-72.456936,43.001306],[-72.459951,43.00008],[-72.46294,42.996943],[-72.464714,42.993582],[-72.465335,42.989558],[-72.461627,42.982906],[-72.473827,42.972045],[-72.476722,42.971746],[-72.479245,42.973597],[-72.481706,42.973985],[-72.486872,42.971789],[-72.492597,42.967648],[-72.504226,42.965815],[-72.507901,42.964171],[-72.518422,42.96317],[-72.532186,42.954945],[-72.534554,42.949894],[-72.531693,42.94651],[-72.52855,42.94532],[-72.527431,42.943148],[-72.526346,42.935717],[-72.527097,42.928584],[-72.524242,42.918501],[-72.52443,42.915575],[-72.530218,42.911576],[-72.531588,42.907164],[-72.531469,42.89795],[-72.532777,42.896076],[-72.540708,42.889379],[-72.552834,42.884968],[-72.555415,42.875428],[-72.555131,42.871058],[-72.556214,42.86695],[-72.555132,42.865731],[-72.554232,42.860038],[-72.557247,42.853019],[-72.553426,42.846709],[-72.54855,42.842021],[-72.546133,42.823938],[-72.542784,42.808482],[-72.5396,42.804832],[-72.515838,42.78856],[-72.508858,42.779919],[-72.508372,42.77461],[-72.514836,42.771436],[-72.516731,42.76867],[-72.516082,42.765949],[-72.513105,42.763822],[-72.507985,42.764414],[-72.50069,42.767657],[-72.499249,42.769054],[-72.497949,42.772918],[-72.491122,42.772465],[-72.484878,42.76554],[-72.479354,42.763119],[-72.477615,42.761245],[-72.475938,42.757702],[-72.473071,42.745916],[-72.461001,42.733209],[-72.458488,42.729094],[-72.458519,42.726853],[-72.809113,42.736581],[-73.276421,42.746019],[-73.290944,42.80192],[-73.286337,42.808038],[-73.28375,42.813864],[-73.287063,42.82014],[-73.285388,42.834093],[-73.284311,42.834954],[-73.278673,42.83341],[-73.26978,43.035923],[-73.265574,43.096223],[-73.256493,43.259249],[-73.24672,43.518875],[-73.247631,43.51924],[-73.247698,43.523173],[-73.246821,43.52578],[-73.241891,43.529418],[-73.241589,43.534973],[-73.246585,43.541855],[-73.250132,43.543429],[-73.250408,43.550425],[-73.24842,43.552577],[-73.248641,43.553857],[-73.252602,43.556851],[-73.258631,43.564949],[-73.26938,43.571973],[-73.279726,43.574241],[-73.280952,43.575407],[-73.281296,43.577579],[-73.284912,43.579272],[-73.294621,43.57897],[-73.295344,43.580235],[-73.29444,43.582494],[-73.292113,43.584509],[-73.296924,43.587323],[-73.292801,43.593861],[-73.292232,43.60255],[-73.29802,43.610028],[-73.300285,43.610806],[-73.302076,43.624364],[-73.302552,43.625708],[-73.306234,43.628018],[-73.310606,43.624114],[-73.317566,43.627355],[-73.323893,43.627629],[-73.327702,43.625913],[-73.342181,43.62607],[-73.347621,43.622509],[-73.358593,43.625065],[-73.365562,43.62344],[-73.368899,43.62471],[-73.371889,43.624489],[-73.372486,43.622751],[-73.369933,43.619093],[-73.376036,43.612596],[-73.372469,43.604848],[-73.377748,43.599656],[-73.383446,43.596778],[-73.383426,43.584727],[-73.382549,43.579193],[-73.383369,43.57677],[-73.39196,43.569915],[-73.395767,43.568087],[-73.398125,43.568065],[-73.405629,43.571179],[-73.416964,43.57773],[-73.420378,43.581489],[-73.428636,43.583994],[-73.431229,43.588285],[-73.421616,43.603023],[-73.423708,43.612356],[-73.417668,43.621687],[-73.42791,43.634428],[-73.428583,43.636543],[-73.426463,43.642598],[-73.423539,43.645676],[-73.418763,43.64788],[-73.415513,43.65245],[-73.414546,43.658209],[-73.408061,43.669438],[-73.407776,43.672519],[-73.404126,43.681339],[-73.403474,43.684694],[-73.405243,43.688367],[-73.404739,43.690213],[-73.402078,43.693106],[-73.395517,43.696831],[-73.385883,43.711336],[-73.377756,43.717712],[-73.370612,43.725329],[-73.369916,43.728789],[-73.370724,43.735571],[-73.369725,43.744274],[-73.354597,43.764167],[-73.350593,43.771939],[-73.354758,43.776721],[-73.357547,43.785933],[-73.362498,43.790211],[-73.376361,43.798766],[-73.37827,43.805995],[-73.380804,43.810951],[-73.390302,43.817371],[-73.392492,43.820779],[-73.392751,43.822196],[-73.388389,43.832404],[-73.381865,43.837315],[-73.376598,43.839357],[-73.372247,43.845337],[-73.373742,43.847693],[-73.380987,43.852633],[-73.382046,43.855008],[-73.381501,43.859235],[-73.374051,43.875563],[-73.383491,43.890951],[-73.395878,43.903044],[-73.400926,43.917048],[-73.408589,43.932933],[-73.405525,43.948813],[-73.406823,43.967317],[-73.412613,43.97998],[-73.405977,44.011485],[-73.405999,44.016229],[-73.407739,44.021312],[-73.410776,44.026944],[-73.414364,44.029526],[-73.42312,44.032759],[-73.427987,44.037708],[-73.43688,44.042578],[-73.43774,44.045006],[-73.431991,44.06345],[-73.429239,44.079414],[-73.416319,44.099422],[-73.411316,44.112686],[-73.411722,44.11754],[-73.415761,44.132826],[-73.41172,44.137825],[-73.408118,44.139373],[-73.402381,44.145856],[-73.399634,44.155326],[-73.398728,44.162248],[-73.395532,44.166122],[-73.397385,44.171596],[-73.396892,44.173846],[-73.395862,44.175785],[-73.390383,44.179486],[-73.389658,44.181249],[-73.390583,44.190886],[-73.388502,44.192318],[-73.383987,44.193158],[-73.382252,44.197178],[-73.375289,44.199868],[-73.370678,44.204546],[-73.362013,44.208545],[-73.355276,44.219554],[-73.355252,44.22287],[-73.350806,44.225943],[-73.349889,44.230356],[-73.342312,44.234531],[-73.34323,44.238049],[-73.336778,44.239557],[-73.3305,44.244254],[-73.323596,44.243897],[-73.319802,44.249547],[-73.312852,44.265346],[-73.311025,44.27424],[-73.312299,44.280025],[-73.316838,44.287683],[-73.322267,44.301523],[-73.324229,44.310023],[-73.323997,44.333842],[-73.327335,44.344369],[-73.334637,44.356877],[-73.334939,44.364441],[-73.333575,44.372288],[-73.330369,44.375987],[-73.320954,44.382669],[-73.315016,44.388513],[-73.310491,44.402601],[-73.296031,44.428339],[-73.293613,44.440559],[-73.295216,44.445884],[-73.300114,44.454711],[-73.298725,44.463957],[-73.298939,44.471304],[-73.299885,44.476652],[-73.304418,44.485739],[-73.306707,44.500334],[-73.312871,44.507246],[-73.320836,44.513631],[-73.322026,44.525289],[-73.323935,44.52712],[-73.329458,44.529203],[-73.331595,44.535924],[-73.338995,44.543302],[-73.338751,44.548046],[-73.342932,44.551907],[-73.356788,44.557918],[-73.360088,44.562546],[-73.367275,44.567545],[-73.374389,44.575455],[-73.375666,44.582038],[-73.381848,44.589316],[-73.38164,44.590583],[-73.376806,44.595455],[-73.376849,44.599598],[-73.380726,44.605239],[-73.382932,44.612184],[-73.38982,44.61721],[-73.390231,44.618353],[-73.386497,44.626924],[-73.385899,44.631044],[-73.386783,44.636369],[-73.378561,44.641475],[-73.383157,44.645764],[-73.377973,44.652918],[-73.379074,44.656772],[-73.374134,44.66234],[-73.37059,44.662518],[-73.369669,44.663478],[-73.370065,44.666071],[-73.37272,44.668739],[-73.371843,44.676956],[-73.367209,44.678513],[-73.367414,44.681292],[-73.370142,44.684853],[-73.365297,44.687546],[-73.361308,44.694523],[-73.36556,44.700297],[-73.365561,44.741786],[-73.363791,44.745254],[-73.354361,44.755296],[-73.347072,44.772988],[-73.344254,44.776282],[-73.335713,44.782086],[-73.333771,44.785192],[-73.333154,44.788759],[-73.333933,44.7992],[-73.335443,44.804602],[-73.3502,44.816394],[-73.354945,44.8215],[-73.369647,44.829136],[-73.375345,44.836307],[-73.379452,44.83801],[-73.381359,44.845021],[-73.379822,44.857037],[-73.375709,44.860745],[-73.371967,44.862414],[-73.369103,44.86668],[-73.362229,44.891463],[-73.35808,44.901325],[-73.353657,44.907346],[-73.341106,44.914632],[-73.338979,44.917681],[-73.338482,44.924112],[-73.339603,44.94337],[-73.337906,44.960541],[-73.338243,44.96475],[-73.350218,44.976222],[-73.352886,44.980644],[-73.354633,44.987352],[-73.350188,44.994304],[-73.343124,45.01084],[-73.085972,45.015494],[-73.084969,45.014751],[-73.065098,45.014786],[-73.059685,45.015869],[-73.048386,45.01479],[-72.968039,45.014098],[-72.845633,45.016659],[-72.67477,45.015459],[-72.58988,45.013237],[-72.582371,45.011543],[-72.555912,45.008304],[-72.448865,45.008537],[-72.310073,45.003822],[-72.160506,45.006185],[-72.103058,45.005598],[-72.052169,45.006369],[-72.033614,45.008878],[-72.029739,45.006782],[-72.023292,45.006792],[-71.947201,45.008359],[-71.915009,45.007791],[-71.767452,45.011437],[-71.464555,45.013637],[-71.466247,45.011959],[-71.473269,45.010586],[-71.476168,45.009054],[-71.477907,45.007453],[-71.479611,45.002905],[-71.487565,45.000936],[-71.497412,45.003878],[-71.501055,45.006742],[-71.507767,45.00817],[-71.514609,45.003957],[-71.525016,45.001881],[-71.530091,44.999656],[-71.53698,44.994177],[-71.538592,44.988182],[-71.537784,44.984298],[-71.531605,44.976023],[-71.527163,44.973668],[-71.52237,44.966308],[-71.516223,44.964569],[-71.514843,44.958741],[-71.516814,44.947588],[-71.515498,44.94352],[-71.516949,44.939704],[-71.515189,44.927317],[-71.509207,44.923429],[-71.500788,44.914535],[-71.494403,44.911837],[-71.49392,44.910923],[-71.495844,44.90498],[-71.496968,44.904225],[-71.501088,44.904433],[-71.508642,44.897703],[-71.51387,44.894648],[-71.51409,44.893149],[-71.511712,44.891571],[-71.512292,44.890246],[-71.522393,44.880811],[-71.528342,44.877819],[-71.529154,44.873559],[-71.534588,44.869698],[-71.540116,44.868625],[-71.545901,44.866134],[-71.549533,44.862592],[-71.550304,44.859552],[-71.548377,44.857016],[-71.548345,44.85553],[-71.553656,44.852123],[-71.556805,44.848808],[-71.55675,44.846862],[-71.552654,44.842049],[-71.552218,44.837775],[-71.553712,44.836065],[-71.557672,44.834421],[-71.562256,44.824632],[-71.567907,44.823832],[-71.5755,44.816058],[-71.575139,44.813565],[-71.572864,44.810383],[-71.569216,44.808813],[-71.569098,44.807044],[-71.573129,44.797947],[-71.571706,44.79483],[-71.573247,44.791882],[-71.580005,44.78548],[-71.584392,44.785733],[-71.592966,44.782776],[-71.596949,44.778987],[-71.596035,44.775422],[-71.601471,44.772067],[-71.604615,44.767738],[-71.611767,44.764345],[-71.614267,44.760622],[-71.614238,44.758664],[-71.617941,44.755883],[-71.623924,44.755135],[-71.631883,44.752463],[-71.631109,44.748689],[-71.626909,44.747224],[-71.62518,44.743978],[-71.625611,44.730312],[-71.624922,44.729032],[-71.622593,44.727773],[-71.619067,44.729283],[-71.617656,44.728918],[-71.618355,44.72261],[-71.613094,44.718933],[-71.604912,44.70815],[-71.59975,44.705318],[-71.599205,44.703878],[-71.600772,44.700815],[-71.600162,44.698919],[-71.594136,44.696932],[-71.598042,44.692818],[-71.596437,44.687059],[-71.594224,44.683815],[-71.596304,44.679083],[-71.590024,44.675543],[-71.583009,44.674836],[-71.581983,44.673533],[-71.585645,44.669277],[-71.584574,44.665351],[-71.586578,44.659478],[-71.582965,44.656621],[-71.576013,44.655691],[-71.576312,44.653179],[-71.575145,44.650612],[-71.570235,44.650483],[-71.567645,44.65356],[-71.566144,44.653863],[-71.561772,44.650224],[-71.558571,44.644373],[-71.558026,44.641791],[-71.558859,44.640122],[-71.562636,44.639505],[-71.562636,44.637266],[-71.554634,44.632197],[-71.551722,44.627598],[-71.55576,44.624119],[-71.55656,44.616988],[-71.553873,44.607069],[-71.556014,44.601383],[-71.553447,44.593451],[-71.549268,44.593174],[-71.536251,44.588441],[-71.537724,44.584785],[-71.544922,44.579278],[-71.547448,44.578547],[-71.5532,44.580683],[-71.5533,44.576924],[-71.548952,44.573084],[-71.548728,44.571873],[-71.55167,44.569657],[-71.557972,44.570451],[-71.558985,44.568779],[-71.558565,44.565572],[-71.559846,44.564119],[-71.569599,44.562777],[-71.575519,44.564775],[-71.59017,44.565694],[-71.593923,44.563813],[-71.596137,44.560898],[-71.598116,44.555412],[-71.596804,44.553424],[-71.575193,44.540859],[-71.573083,44.53798],[-71.574456,44.53366],[-71.582505,44.524403],[-71.587104,44.522436],[-71.592855,44.523006],[-71.594259,44.52168],[-71.593971,44.519738],[-71.592117,44.517773],[-71.586909,44.514666],[-71.583233,44.508268],[-71.577771,44.504886],[-71.577068,44.504041],[-71.577643,44.502692],[-71.579974,44.501778],[-71.58387,44.503217],[-71.586648,44.502873],[-71.585881,44.500057],[-71.586972,44.498526],[-71.589622,44.498525],[-71.591917,44.500975],[-71.594303,44.500749],[-71.595484,44.494424],[-71.59948,44.486455],[-71.609568,44.484348],[-71.617614,44.485715],[-71.622089,44.481387],[-71.625019,44.481784],[-71.625676,44.483201],[-71.627655,44.484207],[-71.632795,44.48389],[-71.639312,44.477836],[-71.64589,44.475141],[-71.648178,44.472023],[-71.647864,44.469976],[-71.640847,44.465935],[-71.640404,44.464186],[-71.645068,44.460545],[-71.65232,44.461117],[-71.653348,44.460499],[-71.657313,44.454003],[-71.659021,44.444932],[-71.66183,44.440293],[-71.664191,44.438351],[-71.668944,44.436523],[-71.679263,44.435018],[-71.67995,44.427908],[-71.68585,44.423405],[-71.699434,44.416069],[-71.708041,44.411977],[-71.715087,44.41049],[-71.726199,44.411385],[-71.735923,44.410062],[-71.739921,44.406778],[-71.743104,44.401657],[-71.749533,44.401955],[-71.756091,44.406401],[-71.761966,44.407027],[-71.767888,44.405445],[-71.778613,44.399799],[-71.790688,44.40026],[-71.793924,44.399271],[-71.803488,44.39189],[-71.803489,44.390384],[-71.799899,44.385951],[-71.800316,44.384276],[-71.803461,44.383335],[-71.808828,44.383862],[-71.814388,44.381932],[-71.815773,44.375464],[-71.812235,44.371492],[-71.816157,44.367559],[-71.812206,44.357356],[-71.814351,44.354541],[-71.833261,44.350136],[-71.852628,44.340873],[-71.861941,44.340109],[-71.872472,44.336628],[-71.902332,44.347499],[-71.906909,44.348284],[-71.917434,44.346535],[-71.925088,44.342024],[-71.92911,44.337577],[-71.935395,44.33577],[-71.939049,44.335844],[-71.945163,44.337744],[-71.958119,44.337544],[-71.963133,44.336556],[-71.98112,44.3375],[-71.984617,44.336243],[-71.986484,44.331218],[-71.988306,44.329768],[-72.009977,44.321951],[-72.01913,44.320383],[-72.029061,44.322398],[-72.033136,44.320365],[-72.033806,44.317349],[-72.032341,44.315752],[-72.032317,44.306677],[-72.033465,44.301878],[-72.03703,44.297834],[-72.046302,44.291983],[-72.053355,44.290501],[-72.05888,44.28624],[-72.065434,44.277235],[-72.067774,44.270976],[-72.066464,44.268331],[-72.064544,44.267997],[-72.060846,44.269972],[-72.05874,44.270005],[-72.058969,44.265911],[-72.061174,44.263377],[-72.059782,44.256018],[-72.05399,44.246926],[-72.050112,44.244046],[-72.047889,44.238493],[-72.053582,44.22604],[-72.0539,44.222703],[-72.052662,44.218841],[-72.053233,44.216876],[-72.058605,44.208215],[-72.058066,44.206067],[-72.058987,44.202114],[-72.064577,44.196949],[-72.066166,44.189773],[-72.061338,44.184951],[-72.057496,44.179444],[-72.053021,44.167903],[-72.047593,44.161801],[-72.042387,44.160817],[-72.040167,44.157023],[-72.040082,44.155749],[-72.042867,44.151288],[-72.041983,44.137165],[-72.033703,44.131541],[-72.037506,44.124708],[-72.041948,44.125653],[-72.04643,44.123911],[-72.052342,44.119891],[-72.054831,44.110137],[-72.052391,44.101088],[-72.048334,44.096905],[-72.043482,44.096996],[-72.042592,44.100744],[-72.039674,44.103371],[-72.032983,44.101655],[-72.03124,44.100101],[-72.031878,44.093359],[-72.03429,44.090138],[-72.040012,44.088762],[-72.046235,44.089538],[-72.048781,44.087141],[-72.047305,44.085382],[-72.033739,44.07883],[-72.031898,44.076241],[-72.03345,44.074531],[-72.036641,44.073999],[-72.039076,44.07452],[-72.042088,44.077008],[-72.051166,44.075826],[-72.051144,44.07385],[-72.04857,44.071359],[-72.048289,44.069136],[-72.053482,44.06473],[-72.056341,44.059582],[-72.058863,44.057921],[-72.067612,44.058034],[-72.06915,44.054817],[-72.062713,44.051618],[-72.06215,44.049931],[-72.066422,44.049299],[-72.074881,44.045892],[-72.078989,44.042886],[-72.079397,44.039531],[-72.075486,44.034614],[-72.075004,44.032789],[-72.081357,44.028529],[-72.082432,44.022154],[-72.084871,44.021308],[-72.09203,44.024459],[-72.0951,44.021831],[-72.095193,44.016666],[-72.090504,44.012736],[-72.090059,44.009903],[-72.093257,44.009376],[-72.095247,44.01358],[-72.098897,44.015477],[-72.102475,44.014882],[-72.105292,44.012663],[-72.103765,44.002837],[-72.109019,44.000535],[-72.116985,43.99448],[-72.116706,43.991954],[-72.112813,43.98802],[-72.111756,43.984943],[-72.11249,43.975654],[-72.114702,43.969478],[-72.114273,43.967513],[-72.110945,43.966959],[-72.104972,43.96995],[-72.096161,43.968132],[-72.091104,43.966443],[-72.090357,43.965409],[-72.098563,43.963833],[-72.100543,43.962478],[-72.100894,43.960851],[-72.098689,43.95766],[-72.105875,43.94937],[-72.110872,43.947654],[-72.117839,43.946828],[-72.118985,43.943225],[-72.116767,43.933923],[-72.118013,43.923292],[-72.121002,43.918956],[-72.135117,43.910024],[-72.151324,43.901704],[-72.158585,43.892762],[-72.159216,43.888313],[-72.160819,43.887223],[-72.170604,43.886388],[-72.172785,43.883716],[-72.173576,43.87967],[-72.167476,43.86915],[-72.174774,43.866386],[-72.182956,43.865335],[-72.184788,43.863393],[-72.187916,43.856126],[-72.182864,43.845109],[-72.182203,43.834032],[-72.18857,43.821153],[-72.184184,43.812524],[-72.183333,43.808177],[-72.184847,43.804698],[-72.190754,43.800807],[-72.193184,43.794697],[-72.195552,43.791492],[-72.20407,43.786097],[-72.2053,43.784474],[-72.20476,43.771263],[-72.210815,43.767696],[-72.218099,43.765729],[-72.223645,43.757842],[-72.232713,43.748286],[-72.264245,43.734158],[-72.27118,43.734138],[-72.276072,43.727054],[-72.284805,43.72036],[-72.292215,43.711333],[-72.299715,43.706558],[-72.302867,43.702718],[-72.305326,43.69577],[-72.30602,43.683061],[-72.303092,43.678078],[-72.304322,43.669507],[-72.31402,43.656158],[-72.315059,43.649415],[-72.313863,43.646558],[-72.314083,43.64281],[-72.315247,43.641164],[-72.322517,43.638901],[-72.329126,43.635563],[-72.329471,43.632843],[-72.327236,43.630534],[-72.328966,43.626991],[-72.33236,43.62507],[-72.334401,43.61925],[-72.334745,43.614519],[-72.3327,43.610313],[-72.328232,43.606839],[-72.327665,43.602679],[-72.328514,43.600805],[-72.332382,43.599364],[-72.349926,43.587726],[-72.363916,43.583652],[-72.373126,43.579419],[-72.37944,43.574069],[-72.382783,43.562459],[-72.381187,43.554915],[-72.380383,43.54088],[-72.38331,43.53519],[-72.389097,43.528266],[-72.3907,43.527261],[-72.394218,43.5274],[-72.395949,43.52388],[-72.395825,43.52056],[-72.398563,43.513435],[-72.398376,43.510829],[-72.396305,43.508062],[-72.384773,43.500259],[-72.380894,43.493394],[-72.380428,43.488525],[-72.381723,43.480091],[-72.382951,43.476],[-72.3925,43.467364],[-72.390567,43.451225],[-72.393992,43.444666],[-72.395659,43.438541],[-72.395916,43.430974],[-72.399972,43.415249],[-72.403811,43.391935],[-72.405253,43.389992],[-72.413154,43.384302],[-72.415381,43.380211],[-72.415978,43.376531],[-72.415099,43.365896],[-72.413377,43.362741],[-72.403949,43.358098],[-72.39217,43.357865],[-72.390103,43.356926],[-72.39092,43.354984],[-72.400981,43.345775],[-72.410353,43.331675],[-72.408696,43.327674],[-72.402532,43.32038],[-72.397619,43.317064],[-72.395462,43.312994],[-72.401666,43.303395],[-72.407842,43.282892],[-72.41545,43.271374],[-72.421583,43.263442],[-72.435221,43.258483],[-72.438693,43.252905],[-72.438937,43.24424],[-72.433796,43.232999]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Vermont\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_nweng@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_nweng@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/new-england-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/new-england-water\">New England Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>10 Bearfoot Road<br>Northborough, MA 01532</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Introduction</li><li>Highlights</li><li>Methods</li><li>Results</li><li>Implications</li><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"publishedDate":"2020-04-08","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levitt, Joseph P. 0000-0002-2058-9516 jlevitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2058-9516","contributorId":198353,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Levitt","given":"Joseph","email":"jlevitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larsen, Sille L. 0000-0001-9356-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9356-4726","contributorId":218798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larsen","given":"Sille","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":39914,"text":"Vermont Department of Health","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":781682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70209419,"text":"70209419 - 2020 - The relation of geogenic contaminants to groundwater age, aquifer hydrologic position, water type, and redox conditions in Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain aquifers, eastern and south-central USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-08T14:08:17.456546","indexId":"70209419","displayToPublicDate":"2020-04-08T09:03:25","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relation of geogenic contaminants to groundwater age, aquifer hydrologic position, water type, and redox conditions in Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain aquifers, eastern and south-central USA","docAbstract":"Groundwater age distributions developed from carbon-14 (14C), tritium (3H), and helium-4 (4He) concentrations, along with aquifer hydrologic position, water type, and redox conditions, were compared to geogenic contaminants of concern (GCOC) from 252 public-supply wells in six Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain unconsolidated-sediment aquifers.  Concentrations of one or more GCOCs in 168 (67%) wells exceeded MCLs (maximum contaminant levels), SMCLs (secondary MCLs), or HBSLs (health-based screening levels).  Human-health benchmark thresholds (MCLs or HBSLs) were exceeded in 31 (12%) wells, and included 0.8% for fluoride (F), 2.4% for arsenic (As), 4% for lead-210 (210Pb), and 4.8% for polonium-210 (210Po).  Values of pH increase with age and were outside the SMCL in 31% of wells (23% < 6.5 and 7.5% > 8.5, SMCL).  Among GCOCs with concentrations that increased significantly with groundwater age, the frequency of sentry threshold exceedances (i.e., one-half of MCL, SMCL, or HBSL) included 40% for dissolved solids (DS), 12% for chloride (Cl), 3.6% for F, 4.4% for As, and 9.1% for 210Po.  Iron (Fe) concentrations did not correlate with groundwater age but exceeded sentry thresholds in 29% of wells.  Groundwater age, water types, redox, pH, and GCOCs varied because of unique hydrogeologic features of the aquifers (recharge locations and geometry). As expected, primarily confined aquifers had young, oxic, low to near-neutral pH water near the outcrop (recharge area), and older, reduced, high pH water deeper and farther along flow paths.  However, unique aquifer hydrogeologic conditions, such as multiple-recharge zones produced anomalous patterns of young and old groundwater at varying depths and locations along flow paths.  Evidence for this variability is seen in disequilibrium patterns in the progression of the chemical evolution of groundwater with hydrologic position.  When hydrogeologic differences are considered, groundwater age combined with hydrologic-position data, can provide a strong basis for inferring potential occurrence of GCOCs.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137835","collaboration":"","usgsCitation":"Degnan, J.R., Lindsey, B.D., Levitt, J.P., and Szabo, Z., 2020, The relation of geogenic contaminants to groundwater age, aquifer hydrologic position, water type, and redox conditions in Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain aquifers, eastern and south-central USA: Science of the Total Environment, v. 723, 137835, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137835.","productDescription":"137835, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-099819","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137835","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":373839,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Coastal Plain aquifers","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99.49218749999999,\n              27.566721430409707\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.0966796875,\n              26.509904531413927\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.470703125,\n              25.918526162075153\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.03125,\n              26.03704188651584\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.767578125,\n              27.605670826465445\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.6142578125,\n              29.036960648558267\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.94433593749999,\n              29.80251790576445\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.14257812499999,\n              29.152161283318915\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.9453125,\n              29.11377539511439\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.384765625,\n              30.183121842195515\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.6708984375,\n              30.221101852485987\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.1220703125,\n              29.53522956294847\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.24316406249999,\n              30.14512718337613\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.7490234375,\n              28.613459424004414\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.705078125,\n              28.188243641850313\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.1337890625,\n              26.588527147308614\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.9912109375,\n              25.16517336866393\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2001953125,\n              25.403584973186703\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.0244140625,\n              27.137368359795584\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.2548828125,\n              30.183121842195515\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.1669921875,\n              31.316101383495624\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.79394531249999,\n              33.17434155100208\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.498046875,\n              35.782170703266075\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.7177734375,\n              37.37015718405753\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.794921875,\n              38.8225909761771\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.0478515625,\n              40.54720023441049\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.8828125,\n              40.84706035607122\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.47558593749999,\n              39.36827914916014\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.62890625,\n              36.13787471840729\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5625,\n              34.161818161230386\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.90234375,\n              32.21280106801518\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.69335937499999,\n              32.02670629333614\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.7587890625,\n              32.175612478499325\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.41796875,\n              33.137551192346145\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.4619140625,\n              35.17380831799959\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.857421875,\n              36.27970720524017\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.3408203125,\n              36.87962060502676\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.04394531249999,\n              35.24561909420681\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0546875,\n              33.46810795527896\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.9228515625,\n              32.32427558887655\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.1201171875,\n              31.466153715024294\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.646484375,\n              30.259067203213018\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.49218749999999,\n              27.566721430409707\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"723","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Degnan, James R. 0000-0002-5665-9010 jrdegnan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5665-9010","contributorId":498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Degnan","given":"James","email":"jrdegnan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindsey, Bruce D. 0000-0002-7180-4319 blindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7180-4319","contributorId":175346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"Bruce","email":"blindsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Levitt, Joseph Patrick 0000-0002-2058-9516","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2058-9516","contributorId":223857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levitt","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"Patrick","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Szabo, Zoltan 0000-0002-0760-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":203408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Zoltan","affiliations":[{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70213220,"text":"70213220 - 2020 - Vegetation‐groundwater dynamics at a former uranium mill site following invasion of a biocontrol agent: A time series analysis of Landsat normalized difference vegetation index data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-15T13:10:28.365993","indexId":"70213220","displayToPublicDate":"2020-04-08T08:00:50","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetation‐groundwater dynamics at a former uranium mill site following invasion of a biocontrol agent: A time series analysis of Landsat normalized difference vegetation index data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Because groundwater recharge in dry regions is generally low, arid and semiarid environments have been considered well‐suited for long‐term isolation of hazardous materials (e.g., radioactive waste). In these dry regions, water lost (transpired) by plants and evaporated from the soil surface, collectively termed evapotranspiration (ET), is usually the primary discharge component in the water balance. Therefore, vegetation can potentially affect groundwater flow and contaminant transport at waste disposal sites. We studied vegetation health and ET dynamics at a Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act (UMTRCA) disposal site in Shiprock, New Mexico, where a floodplain alluvial aquifer was contaminated by mill effluent. Vegetation on the floodplain was predominantly deep‐rooted, non‐native tamarisk shrubs (</span><i>Tamarix</i><span>&nbsp;sp.). After the introduction of the tamarisk beetle (</span><i>Diorhabda</i><span>&nbsp;sp.) as a biocontrol agent, the health of the invasive tamarisk on the Shiprock floodplain declined. We used Landsat normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data to measure greenness and a remote sensing algorithm to estimate landscape‐scale ET along the floodplain of the UMTRCA site in Shiprock prior to (2000–2009) and after (2010–2018) beetle establishment. Using groundwater level data collected from 2011 to 2014, we also assessed the role of ET in explaining seasonal variations in depth to water of the floodplain. Growing season scaled NDVI decreased 30% (</span><i>p</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; .001), while ET decreased 26% from the pre‐ to post‐beetle period and seasonal ET estimates were significantly correlated with groundwater levels from 2011 to 2014 (</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;= .71;&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>&nbsp;= .009). Tamarisk greenness (a proxy for health) was significantly affected by&nbsp;</span><i>Diorhabda</i><span>&nbsp;but has partially recovered since 2012. Despite this, increased ET demand in the summer/fall period might reduce contaminant transport to the San Juan River during this period.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.13772","usgsCitation":"Jarchow, C.J., Waugh, W.J., Didan, K., Barreto-Munoz, A., Herrmann, S.M., and Nagler, P.L., 2020, Vegetation‐groundwater dynamics at a former uranium mill site following invasion of a biocontrol agent: A time series analysis of Landsat normalized difference vegetation index data: Hydrological Processes, v. 34, no. 12, p. 2739-2749, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13772.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2739","endPage":"2749","ipdsId":"IP-112673","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13772","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":378391,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","city":"Shiprock","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.71383666992188,\n              36.766667073939736\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.66302490234375,\n              36.766667073939736\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.66302490234375,\n              36.806261006694555\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.71383666992188,\n              36.806261006694555\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.71383666992188,\n              36.766667073939736\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarchow, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0424-4104 cjarchow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0424-4104","contributorId":5813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarchow","given":"Christopher","email":"cjarchow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":798690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waugh, William J.","contributorId":196107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waugh","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Didan, Kamel","contributorId":130999,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Didan","given":"Kamel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7204,"text":"University of Arizona, Electrical and Computer Engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barreto-Munoz, Armando","contributorId":131000,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barreto-Munoz","given":"Armando","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7204,"text":"University of Arizona, Electrical and Computer Engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Herrmann, Stefanie M. 0000-0002-4069-2019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4069-2019","contributorId":20234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrmann","given":"Stefanie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":798694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":798634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70209466,"text":"70209466 - 2020 - Describing historical habitat use of a native fish-Cisco (Coregonus artedi)-In Lake Michigan between 1930 and 1932","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-09T14:47:53.051322","indexId":"70209466","displayToPublicDate":"2020-04-08T07:04:27","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Describing historical habitat use of a native fish-Cisco (<i>Coregonus artedi</i>)-In Lake Michigan between 1930 and 1932","title":"Describing historical habitat use of a native fish-Cisco (Coregonus artedi)-In Lake Michigan between 1930 and 1932","docAbstract":"<p>With the global-scale loss of biodiversity, current restoration programs have been often required as part of conservation plans for species richness and ecosystem integrity. The restoration of pelagic-oriented cisco (<i>Coregonus artedi</i>) has been an interest of Lake Michigan managers because it may increase the diversity and resilience of the fish assemblages and conserve the integrity of the ecosystems in a changing environment. To inform restoration, we described historical habitat use of cisco by analyzing a unique fishery-independent dataset collected in 1930–1932 by the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries’ first research vessel Fulmar and a commercial catch dataset reported by the State of Michigan in the same period, both based on gear fished on the bottom. Our results confirmed that the two major embayments, Green Bay and Grand Traverse Bay, were important habitats for cisco and suggest that cisco could complete the entire lifecycle within either of the Bays as there was no lack of summer feeding and fall spawning habitats. Seasonally, our results showed that cisco stayed in nearshore waters in spring, migrated to offshore waters in summer, and then migrated back to nearshore waters in fall for spawning. The results also suggest that in summer, most ciscoes were in waters with bottom depths of 20–70 m, but the highest cisco density occurred in waters with a bottom depth around 40 m. We highlight the importance of embayment habitats to cisco restoration and the seasonal migration pattern of cisco identified in this study, which suggests that a restored cisco population can diversify the food web by occupying different habitats from the exotic fishes that now dominate the pelagic waters of Lake Michigan.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS ONE","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0231420","usgsCitation":"Kao, Y., Bunnell, D., Eshenroder, R.L., and Murray, D.N., 2020, Describing historical habitat use of a native fish-Cisco (Coregonus artedi)-In Lake Michigan between 1930 and 1932: PLoS ONE, v. 15, no. 4, e0231420, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231420.","productDescription":"e0231420, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-112754","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457149,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231420","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437032,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9JMLWER","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"1930-1932 Gill net data from Lake Michigan"},{"id":373854,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.1875,\n              41.541477666790286\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.46240234375,\n              41.83682786072714\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.97900390625,\n              42.79540065303723\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.4404296875,\n              43.67581809328341\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.869140625,\n              44.74673324024678\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.4736328125,\n              44.63739123445585\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.52880859375,\n              45.82879925192134\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.18798828125,\n              46.27103747280261\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.0888671875,\n              46.13417004624326\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.38525390624999,\n              45.78284835197676\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.978515625,\n              45.01141864227728\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.1982421875,\n              44.449467536006935\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.06640625,\n              44.402391829093915\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.451171875,\n              44.933696389694674\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.099609375,\n              45.182036837015886\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.4951171875,\n              44.512176171071054\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.7587890625,\n              43.8028187190472\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.00048828124999,\n              42.94033923363181\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.890625,\n              42.407234661551875\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.71484375,\n              41.902277040963696\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.1875,\n              41.541477666790286\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kao, Yu-Chun","contributorId":35626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kao","given":"Yu-Chun","affiliations":[{"id":6649,"text":"University of Michigan, School of Natural Resources and Environment","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunnell, David 0000-0003-3521-7747","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3521-7747","contributorId":217344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eshenroder, Randy L.","contributorId":177867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eshenroder","given":"Randy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murray, Devin N. 0000-0003-1429-6669","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1429-6669","contributorId":223909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murray","given":"Devin","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":37387,"text":"University of Michigan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70208493,"text":"ofr20201015 - 2020 - Defining technology operational readiness for the 3D Elevation Program—A plan for investment, incubation, and adoption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-15T16:15:08.574329","indexId":"ofr20201015","displayToPublicDate":"2020-04-07T17:50:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-1015","displayTitle":"Defining Technology Operational Readiness for the 3D Elevation Program—A Plan for Investment, Incubation, and Adoption","title":"Defining technology operational readiness for the 3D Elevation Program—A plan for investment, incubation, and adoption","docAbstract":"<p>The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) is an acquisition strategy that uses data from commercial remote sensing technologies to create three-dimensional maps of the United States and U.S. territories. Currently, light detection and ranging and interferometric synthetic aperture radar are the two commercial technologies being used to provide three-dimensional information to meet the program’s operational requirements. This is because there is not a well-established process for vendors of new and novel instruments to know when and how 3DEP will accept their technologies into the 3DEP portfolio. The purpose of this plan is to provide a strategy and rules for communication between 3DEP and commercial partners interested in proposing their modalities for use in the program. To accomplish this, 3DEP will also consider how it invests in new technologies and how it disseminates data to and categorizes data for the broader community and the public.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201015","collaboration":"","usgsCitation":"Stoker, J.M., 2020, Defining technology operational readiness for the 3D Elevation Program—A plan for investment, incubation, and adoption: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1015, 7 p.,  \nhttps://doi.org/ 10.3133/ ofr20201015.","productDescription":"iv, 7 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-110726","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373798,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1015/ofr20201015.pdf","text":"Report","size":"932 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020-1015"},{"id":373797,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1015/coverthb2.jpg"}],"contact":"<p>Director, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/core-science-systems/national-geospatial-program\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/core-science-systems/national-geospatial-program\">National Geospatial Program</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>MS-511<br>12201 Sunrise Valley Drive<br>Reston, VA 20192</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>The 3D Elevation Program Operational Readiness Levels</li><li>Maturation/Gates</li><li>Implementation Plan—Next Steps</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"publishedDate":"2020-04-07","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoker, Jason M. 0000-0003-2455-0931 jstoker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2455-0931","contributorId":3021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoker","given":"Jason","email":"jstoker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70205106,"text":"sir20185158 - 2020 - Hydrogeologic framework and simulation of predevelopment groundwater flow, eastern Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-08T11:09:10.81413","indexId":"sir20185158","displayToPublicDate":"2020-04-07T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-5158","displayTitle":"Hydrogeologic Framework and Simulation of Predevelopment Groundwater Flow, Eastern Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates","title":"Hydrogeologic framework and simulation of predevelopment groundwater flow, eastern Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates","docAbstract":"<p>Groundwater in eastern Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates is an important resource that is widely used for irrigation and domestic supplies in rural areas. The U.S. Geological Survey and the Environment Agency—Abu Dhabi cooperated on an investigation to integrate existing hydrogeologic information and to answer questions about regional groundwater resources in Abu Dhabi by developing a numerical groundwater flow model based on MODFLOW–2005 software. The groundwater flow model developed in this investigation provides an improved understanding of groundwater conditions in the eastern region of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The flow model simulates steady-state predevelopment conditions from before the rapid growth of modern pumping in the 1980s and was calibrated with 1,342 groundwater-level observations by use of automated and manual calibration techniques. The calibrated model provides good accuracy, with a mean error of 0.50 meters and a standard error of 5.92 meters for simulated groundwater levels. The results of the regional water budget simulation show that gap recharge, which is groundwater inflow through mountain-front gap alluvium, is the greatest source of water to the aquifer. In the base simulation scenario, gap recharge represents 80 percent of total inflow (119,470 of 149,403 cubic meters per day) and the greatest outflow from the aquifer is from evapotranspiration (93 percent of total outflow). Model scenario and sensitivity results reveal a need for data that more thoroughly and more accurately describe aquifer hydraulic conductivity, inflow to the aquifer from the Oman Mountains, and recharge from precipitation on the piedmont. Additional long-term aquifer pumping test observations would improve understanding of aquifer hydraulic conductivity, which would also improve model accuracy. Future studies can modify the model to understand the effect of land-use change and water use on groundwater supplies and simulate more complex groundwater flow conditions in a predictive mode.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185158","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Environment Agency—Abu Dhabi","usgsCitation":"Eggleston, J.R., Mack, T.J., Imes, J.L., Kress, W., Woodward, D.W., and Bright, D.J., 2020, Hydrogeologic framework and simulation of predevelopment groundwater flow, eastern Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5158, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185158.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 48 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"60","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-088658","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373295,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5158/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":373296,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5158/sir20185158.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.17 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5158"},{"id":373297,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZWZISB","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-2005 Groundwater Flow Model to Simulate Predevelopment Groundwater Flow in the Eastern Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates"}],"country":"United Arab Emirates","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[51.57952,24.2455],[51.75744,24.29407],[51.79439,24.01983],[52.57708,24.17744],[53.40401,24.15132],[54.008,24.12176],[54.69302,24.79789],[55.43902,25.43915],[56.07082,26.05546],[56.26104,25.71461],[56.39685,24.92473],[55.88623,24.92083],[55.80412,24.2696],[55.98121,24.13054],[55.52863,23.9336],[55.52584,23.52487],[55.23449,23.11099],[55.20834,22.70833],[55.0068,22.49695],[52.00073,23.00115],[51.61771,24.01422],[51.57952,24.2455]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"United Arab Emirates\"}}]}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_nweng@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_nweng@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/new-england-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/new-england-water\">New England Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>10 Bearfoot Road<br>Northborough, MA 01532</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Environmental Setting</li><li>Hydrogeologic Framework</li><li>Predevelopment Groundwater Conditions</li><li>Groundwater Model Development</li><li>Simulation of Predevelopment Groundwater Flow</li><li>Summary and Conclusions</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"publishedDate":"2020-04-07","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eggleston, Jack R. 0000-0001-6633-3041","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6633-3041","contributorId":204628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eggleston","given":"Jack R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mack, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0496-3918","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0496-3918","contributorId":218727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"Thomas J.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Imes, Jeffrey L. 0000-0001-5220-5866 jimes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5220-5866","contributorId":218728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imes","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jimes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":349,"text":"International Water Resources Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kress, Wade 0000-0002-6833-028X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6833-028X","contributorId":203539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kress","given":"Wade","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Woodward, Dennis W. 0000-0001-6608-7020 woody@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6608-7020","contributorId":218729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"Dennis","email":"woody@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":349,"text":"International Water Resources Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bright, Daniel J. 0000-0001-5530-4501 djbright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5530-4501","contributorId":218145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bright","given":"Daniel","email":"djbright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":349,"text":"International Water Resources Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70209098,"text":"ofr20201028 - 2020 - Ground-motion predictions for California — Comparisons of three prediction equations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-21T21:00:24.232588","indexId":"ofr20201028","displayToPublicDate":"2020-04-07T10:41:29","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-1028","displayTitle":"Ground-Motion Predictions for California — Comparisons of Three Prediction Equations","title":"Ground-motion predictions for California — Comparisons of three prediction equations","docAbstract":"<p>We systematically evaluate datasets, functional forms, independent parameters of estimation, and resulting ground-motion predictions (as median and aleatory variability) of the Graizer and Kalkan (2015, 2016) (GK15) ground-motion prediction equation (GMPE) with the next generation of attenuation project (NGA-West2) models of Abrahamson and others (2014) (ASK14) and Boore and others (2014) (BSSA14) for application to earthquakes in California. This evaluation is performed in three stages: (1) by comparing attenuation, magnitude scaling, style-of-faulting effects, site response, response-spectral shape and amplitude, and standard deviations; (2) by comparing median predictions, standard deviations, and analyses of residuals with respect to near-field (within 20 kilometers [km] of the fault) and intermediate-field (50 to 70 km from the fault) records from major earthquakes in California, and (3) by comparing total, intra-event, and inter-event residual distributions among the GMPEs with respect to a near-source (within 80 km of the fault) subset of the NGA-West2 database covering 975 ground motions from 73 events in California ranging from moment magnitude 5 to 7.36. The results reveal that the scaling features of the GK15 GMPE and the ASK14 and BSSA14 GMPEs are, in general, similar in terms of distance attenuation but differ in terms of scaling with magnitude, style of faulting, and site effects. The original standard deviations of GMPEs are also different. For the near-source California subset, the three GMPEs result in standard deviations that are similar to each other. The mixed-effect residuals analysis shows that the GK15 GMPE has no perceptible trend with respect to the independent predictors.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201028","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission","usgsCitation":"Kalkan, E., and Graizer, V., 2020, Ground-motion predictions for California — Comparisons of three prediction equations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1028, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201028.","productDescription":"vii, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-087031","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373754,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1028/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":373755,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1028/ofr20201028.pdf","text":"Report"},{"id":399470,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_109905.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.4091796875,\n              42.16340342422401\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.91455078125,\n              41.02964338716638\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.78271484375,\n              39.690280594818034\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.96972656249999,\n              38.839707613545144\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.51953124999999,\n              36.96744946416934\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.70654296874999,\n              35.11990857099681\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.564453125,\n              33.55970664841198\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.22412109375,\n              32.63937487360669\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.63134765625001,\n              32.7503226078097\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.14794921875,\n              34.21634468843463\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.41162109375,\n              34.77771580360469\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.90478515625,\n              39.18117526158749\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.86083984375,\n              42.01665183556825\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.4091796875,\n              42.16340342422401\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/contactus/menlo/menloloc.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/contactus/menlo/menloloc.php\">Earthquake Science Center</a><br><a href=\"https://usgs.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://usgs.gov\">U.S. Geological Survey</a><br>350 N. Akron Road<br>Moffett Field, CA 94035</p>","tableOfContents":"<p></p><ul><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Dataset and Model Applicability Range</li><li>Functional Forms and Parameters of GMPEs</li><li>Stage 1: Comparisons of Median Predictions</li><li>Stage 2: Comparisons with Earthquake Data</li><li>Stage 3: Comparisons of Residuals Using the NGA-West2 Database</li><li>Conclusions</li><li>Data and Resources</li><li>References Cited</li></ul><p></p>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2020-04-07","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkan, Erol 0000-0002-9138-9407 ekalkan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-9407","contributorId":1218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkan","given":"Erol","email":"ekalkan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":784922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graizer, Vladimir","contributorId":223388,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graizer","given":"Vladimir","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40706,"text":"U.S. NRC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":784923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70209678,"text":"70209678 - 2020 - Depth-dependent soil mixing persists across climate zones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-05T17:24:18.832543","indexId":"70209678","displayToPublicDate":"2020-04-07T09:51:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2982,"text":"PNAS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depth-dependent soil mixing persists across climate zones","docAbstract":"<p><span>Soil mixing over long (&gt;10</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;y) timescales enhances nutrient fluxes that support soil ecology, contributes to dispersion of sediment and contaminated material, and modulates fluxes of carbon through Earth’s largest terrestrial carbon reservoir. Despite its foundational importance, we lack robust understanding of the rates and patterns of soil mixing, largely due to a lack of long-timescale data. Here we demonstrate that luminescence, a light-sensitive property of minerals used for geologic dating, can be used as a long-timescale sediment tracer in soils to reveal the structure of soil mixing. We develop a probabilistic model of transport and mixing of tracer particles and associated luminescence in soils and compare with a global compilation of luminescence versus depth in various locations. The model–data comparison reveals that soil mixing rate varies over the soil depth, with this depth dependency persisting across climate and ecological zones. The depth dependency is consistent with a model in which mixing intensity decreases linearly or exponentially with depth, although our data do not resolve between these cases. Our findings support the long-suspected idea that depth-dependent mixing is a spatially and temporally persistent feature of soils. Evidence for a climate control on the patterns and intensities of soil mixing with depth remains elusive and requires the further study of soil mixing processes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1914140117","collaboration":"","usgsCitation":"Gray, H., Keen-Zebert, A., Furbish, D., Tucker, G.E., and Mahan, S.A., 2020, Depth-dependent soil mixing persists across climate zones: PNAS, v. 117, no. 16, p. 8750-8756, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1914140117.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"8750","endPage":"8756","ipdsId":"IP-114039","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7183219","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":374155,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, Harrison J. 0000-0002-4555-7473","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4555-7473","contributorId":207019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Harrison J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keen-Zebert, Amanda","contributorId":224228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keen-Zebert","given":"Amanda","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40841,"text":"University of Nevada Reno / Desert Research Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":787488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Furbish, David","contributorId":189086,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Furbish","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tucker, Gregory E.","contributorId":177811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon A. 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":147159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70209327,"text":"tm6A60 - 2020 - One-Water Hydrologic Flow Model: A MODFLOW based conjunctive-use simulation software","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-31T18:33:38.4397","indexId":"tm6A60","displayToPublicDate":"2020-04-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-A60","displayTitle":"One-Water Hydrologic Flow Model: A MODFLOW Based Conjunctive-Use Simulation Software","title":"One-Water Hydrologic Flow Model: A MODFLOW based conjunctive-use simulation software","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) Modular Ground-Water Flow Model (MODFLOW-2005) is a computer program that simulates groundwater flow by using finite differences. The MODFLOW-2005 framework uses a modular design that allows for the easy development and incorporation of new features called processes and packages that work with or modify inputs to the groundwater-flow equation. A process solves a flow equation or set of equations. For example, the central part of MODFLOW is the groundwater-flow process that solves the groundwater-flow equation; the surface-water routing process is an additional process that solves the surface-water flow equation. Packages are code related to the groundwater-flow process. For example, the subsidence package modifies the groundwater-flow process by including aquifer compaction effects on flow. With the development of new packages and processes, the MODFLOW-2005 base framework diverged into multiple independent versions designed for specific simulation needs. This divergence limited each independent MODFLOW release to its specific purpose, so that there was no longer a single, comprehensive, general-purpose hydraulic-simulation framework.</p><p>The MODFLOW One-Water Hydrologic Flow Model (MF-OWHM, also informally known as OneWater) is an integrated hydrologic flow model that combines multiple MODFLOW-2005 variants in one cohesive simulation software; changes were made to enable multiple capabilities in one code. This fusion of the MODFLOW-2005 versions resulted in a simulation software that can be used to address and analyze a wide class of conjunctive-use, water-management, water-food-security, and climate-crop-water scenarios. As a second core version of MODFLOW-2005, MF-OWHM maintains backward compatibility with existing MODFLOW-2005 versions, with features that include the following:</p><ul><li>Process-based simulation.<ul><li>Saturated groundwater flow (three-dimensional).</li><li>Surface-water flow (one- and two-dimensional).<ul class=\"triangle\"><li>Stream and river flow.</li><li>Lake and reservoir storage.</li></ul></li><li>Landscape simulation and irrigated agriculture.<ul><li>Land-use and crop simulation.</li><li>Root uptake of groundwater.</li><li>Actual evapotranspiration.</li><li>Estimated irrigation demand.</li></ul></li><li>Reservoir operations.</li><li>Aquifer compaction and subsidence by vertical model-grid deformation.</li><li>Seawater intrusion by a sharp-interface assumption.</li><li>Karst-aquifer and fractured-bedrock flow.</li><li>Turbulent and laminar-pipe network flow.</li><li>Unsaturated groundwater flow (one-dimensional).</li></ul></li><li>Internal linkages among the processes that couple hydraulic head, flow, and deformation.</li><li>Redesigned code for faster simulation, increased user-input options, easier model updates, and more robust error reporting than in previous models.</li></ul><p>MF-OWHM is a MODFLOW-2005 based integrated hydrologic model that can simulate and analyze varying environmental conditions to allow for the evaluation of management options from many components of human and natural water movement through a physically based, supply and demand framework. The term “integrated,” in the context of this report, refers to the tight coupling of groundwater flow, surface-water flow, landscape processes, aquifer compaction and subsidence, reservoir operations, and conduit (karst) flow. Another benefit of this integrated hydrologic model is that models developed to run by MODFLOW-2005, MODFLOW-NWT, MODFLOW-CFP, or MODFLOW-FMP can also be simulated with MF-OWHM. At the time of this report’s publication, MF-OWHM version 2 (MF-OWHM2) does not include a direct internal simulation of snowmelt, advanced mountainous watershed rainfall-runoff simulation, detailed shallow soil-moisture accounting, or atmospheric moisture content. Atmospheric moisture may be accounted for indirectly by, optionally, specifying a pan-evaporation rate, reference evapotranspiration, and precipitation. These features are not included to ensure that simulation runtime remains short enough to enable the use of automated methods of calibrating model parameters to field observations, which typically require many simulation model runs. The MF-OWHM approach is to include as much detail as possible to simulate hydrological processes, providing the simulation runtimes remain reasonable enough to allow for robust parameter estimation and model calibration.</p><p>To represent both natural and human-influenced flow, MF-OWHM integrates physically based flow processes derived from MODFLOW-2005 in a supply and demand framework. From this integration, the physically based movement of groundwater, surface water, imported water, and precipitation serve as supply to meet consumptive demands associated with irrigated and non-irrigated agriculture, natural vegetation, and urban water uses. Water consumption is determined by balancing the available water supply with water demand, leading to the concept of a demand-driven, supply-constrained simulation.</p><p>The MF-OWHM Supply-and-Demand Framework is especially useful for the analysis of agricultural water use, where there are often few data available to describe changes in land-use through time, such as crop type and distribution, and the associated changes in groundwater pumpage. This framework attempts to satisfy each land-use water demand with available water supplies—that is, groundwater uptake, precipitation, and irrigation. An option provided in MF-OWHM2 is to automatically increase groundwater pumping for irrigation, which often is unknown, by the calculated residual between demand and the other available sources of supply. From large- to small-scale applications, the physically based supply and demand framework provides key capabilities for simulating and analyzing historical, current, and future conjunctive-use of surface water and groundwater.</p><p>To achieve the physically based supply and demand framework, the MODFLOW-2005 standard of no inter-package and -process communication was relaxed for MF-OWHM2. Traditional MODFLOW simulation models required that all packages and processes interact through the groundwater-flow equation or by removing the water flow from the simulation domain. For example, the MODFLOW-2005 representation of a groundwater well extracts water from the groundwater-flow equation (by subtraction) and removes it from the simulation domain. This feature is available in the MF-OWHM framework, but options have been added to allow the specification of a use or destination of pumped groundwater within the model domain, for example, it can be used for irrigation, managed aquifer recharge, or return-flow to streams.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm6A60","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Boyce, S.E., Hanson, R.T., Ferguson, I., Schmid, W., Henson, W., Reimann, T., Mehl, S.M., and Earll, M.M., 2020, One-Water Hydrologic Flow Model: A MODFLOW based conjunctive-use simulation software: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6–A60, 435 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A60.","productDescription":"Report: xvii, 435 p.; Application Site","numberOfPages":"435","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-071159","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437036,"rank":14,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K2IQ6Y","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Batteries Included Fortran Library (BiF-lib), version 1.0.0"},{"id":437035,"rank":14,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9P8I8GS","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW One-Water Hydrologic Flow Model (MF-OWHM) Conjunctive Use and Integrated Hydrologic Flow Modeling Software"},{"id":374113,"rank":13,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a60/tm6A60_appendix8.pdf","text":"Appendix 8","size":"300 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Techniques and Methods A6-60","linkHelpText":"-  Conduit Flow Process (CFP2) Input File Documentation for New Capabilities of CFP2 Mode 1—Discrete Conduits"},{"id":374112,"rank":12,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a60/tm6A60_appendix7.pdf","text":"Appendix 7","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Techniques and Methods A6-60","linkHelpText":"-  Conduit Flow Process Updates and Upgrades (CFP2)"},{"id":374111,"rank":11,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a60/tm6A60_appendix6.pdf","text":"Appendix 6","size":"7.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Techniques and Methods A6-60","linkHelpText":"-  Farm Process Version 4 (FMP)"},{"id":374110,"rank":10,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a60/tm6A60_appendix5.pdf","text":"Appendix 5","size":"2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Techniques and Methods A6-60","linkHelpText":"-  Landscape and Root-Zone Processes and Water Demand and Supply"},{"id":374109,"rank":9,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a60/tm6A60_appendix4.pdf","text":"Appendix 4","size":"1.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Techniques and Methods A6-60","linkHelpText":"-  Consumptive Use and Evapotranspiration in the Farm Process"},{"id":374108,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a60/tm6A60_appendix3.pdf","text":"Appendix 3","size":"4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Techniques and Methods A6-60","linkHelpText":"-  Modflow Upgrades and Updates"},{"id":374107,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a60/tm6A60_appendix2.pdf","text":"Appendix 2","size":"2.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Techniques and Methods A6-60","linkHelpText":"-  Separation of Spatial and Temporal Input Options"},{"id":374106,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a60/tm6A60_appendix1.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","size":"2.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Techniques and Methods A6-60","linkHelpText":"-  New Input Formats and Utilities"},{"id":374105,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a60/tm6A60_appendix0.pdf","text":"Appendix 0","size":"500 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Techniques and Methods A6-60","linkHelpText":"-  Report Syntax Highlighting and Custom Font Styles"},{"id":374104,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a60/tm6A60_body.pdf","text":"Main body","size":"3 MB - Main body","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Techniques and Methods A6-60 Main body"},{"id":373682,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a60/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":373683,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a60/tm6A60.pdf","text":"Full report","size":"30 MB - Full report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Techniques and Methods A6-60 Full report"},{"id":373696,"rank":3,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://www.usgs.gov/software/modflow-owhm-one-water-hydrologic-flow-model"}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_ca@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_ca@usgs.gov\">Director</a>,<br><a href=\"https://ca.water.usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://ca.water.usgs.gov\">California Water Science Center</a><br><a href=\"https://usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://usgs.gov\">U.S. Geological Survey</a><br>6000 J Street, Placer Hall<br>Sacramento, California 95819</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Executive Summary</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Integrated Hydrologic Modeling</li><li>Supply and Demand Framework</li><li>Self-Updating Model Structure</li><li>Fundamental MODFLOW Improvements</li><li>Landscape Features—Farm Process (FMP)</li><li>Conduit Flow Process (CFP)</li><li>MF-OWHM2 Example Problem</li><li>Limitations and Future Improvements</li><li>Summary and Conclusions</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Appendixes</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"publishedDate":"2020-04-07","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyce, Scott E. 0000-0003-0626-9492 seboyce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0626-9492","contributorId":4766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyce","given":"Scott","email":"seboyce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanson, Randall T. 0000-0002-9819-7141 rthanson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9819-7141","contributorId":801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Randall","email":"rthanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferguson, Ian","contributorId":205394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferguson","given":"Ian","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmid, Wolfgang","contributorId":84020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmid","given":"Wolfgang","affiliations":[{"id":13040,"text":"Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Henson, Wesley R. 0000-0003-4962-5565 whenson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4962-5565","contributorId":384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henson","given":"Wesley","email":"whenson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reimann, Thomas","contributorId":45536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimann","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mehl, Steffen W. swmehl@usgs.gov","contributorId":975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehl","given":"Steffen","email":"swmehl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":786102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Earll, Marisa M. 0000-0002-4367-2013 mearll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4367-2013","contributorId":223723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earll","given":"Marisa","email":"mearll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70220210,"text":"70220210 - 2020 - Paired air-water annual temperature patterns reveal hydrogeological controls on stream thermal regimes at watershed to continental scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-27T16:59:57.237497","indexId":"70220210","displayToPublicDate":"2020-04-06T11:55:20","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paired air-water annual temperature patterns reveal hydrogeological controls on stream thermal regimes at watershed to continental scales","docAbstract":"<p><span>Despite decades of research into air and stream temperature dynamics, paired air-water annual temperature signals have been underutilized to characterize watershed processes. Annual stream temperature dynamics are useful in classifying fundamental thermal regimes and can enhance process-based interpretation of stream temperature controls, including deep and shallow groundwater discharge, when paired with air signals. In this study, we investigated multi-scale variability in annual paired air-water temperature patterns using sine-wave linear regressions of multi-year daily temperature data from streams of various sizes. A total of 311 sites from two spatially intensive regional datasets (Shenandoah National Park and Olympic Experimental State Forest) and a spatially extensive national dataset spanning the contiguous United States (U.S. Geological Survey gages) were evaluated. We calculated three annual air-water thermal metrics (mean ratio, phase lag, and amplitude ratio) to deduce the influence of groundwater and other watershed processes on stream thermal regimes at multiple spatial scales. Site-specific values of the three annual air-water thermal metrics ranged from 0.69 to 5.29 (mean ratio), −9 to 40&nbsp;days (phase lag), and 0.29 to 1.12 (amplitude ratio). Regional patterns in the annual thermal metrics revealed persistent yet spatially variable influences of shallow groundwater discharge and high levels of thermal variability within watersheds, indicating the importance of local hydrogeological controls on stream temperature. Furthermore, annual thermal metric patterns from the regional datasets were generally concordant with the national dataset suggesting the utility of these annual thermal metrics for analysis at multiple scales. Analysis of the national dataset showed that previously defined thermal regimes based on water temperature alone could be further refined using air-water metrics and these metrics were related to physiographic watershed characteristics such as contributing area, elevation, and slope. This research demonstrates the importance of spatial scale and heterogeneity for inferring hydrological process in streams and provides guidance for the interpretation of annual air-water temperature metrics that can be efficiently applied to the growing database of multi-year temperature records. Results from this research can aid in the prediction of future thermal habitat suitability for coldwater-adapted species at ecologically and management-relevant spatial scales with readily available data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124929","usgsCitation":"Johnson, Z., Johnson, B.G., Briggs, M., Devine, W., Snyder, C.D., Hitt, N.P., Hare, D., and Minkova, T., 2020, Paired air-water annual temperature patterns reveal hydrogeological controls on stream thermal regimes at watershed to continental scales: Journal of Hydrology, v. 587, 124929, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124929.","productDescription":"124929, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-116395","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385332,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Continental United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              [\n                -94.81758,\n                49.38905\n              ],\n              [\n                -94.64,\n                48.84\n              ],\n              [\n                -94.32914,\n                48.67074\n              ],\n              [\n                -93.63087,\n                48.60926\n              ],\n              [\n                -92.61,\n                48.45\n              ],\n              [\n                -91.64,\n                48.14\n              ],\n              [\n                -90.83,\n                48.27\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.6,\n                48.01\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.27292,\n                48.01981\n              ],\n              [\n                -88.37811,\n                48.30292\n              ],\n              [\n                -87.43979,\n                47.94\n              ],\n              [\n                -86.46199,\n                47.55334\n              ],\n              [\n                -85.65236,\n                47.22022\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.87608,\n                46.90008\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.77924,\n                46.6371\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.54375,\n                46.53868\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.6049,\n                46.4396\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.3367,\n                46.40877\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.14212,\n                46.51223\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.09185,\n                46.27542\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.89077,\n                46.11693\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.61613,\n                46.11693\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.46955,\n                45.99469\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.59285,\n                45.81689\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.55092,\n                45.34752\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.33776,\n                44.44\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.13764,\n                43.57109\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.43,\n                42.98\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.9,\n                42.43\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.12,\n                42.08\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.142,\n                41.97568\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.02981,\n                41.8328\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.69009,\n                41.67511\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.43928,\n                41.67511\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.27775,\n                42.20903\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.24745,\n                42.3662\n              ],\n              [\n                -78.93936,\n                42.86361\n              ],\n              [\n                -78.92,\n                42.965\n              ],\n              [\n                -79.01,\n                43.27\n              ],\n              [\n                -79.17167,\n                43.46634\n              ],\n              [\n                -78.72028,\n                43.62509\n              ],\n              [\n                -77.73789,\n                43.62906\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.82003,\n                43.62878\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.5,\n                44.01846\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.375,\n                44.09631\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.31821,\n                44.81645\n              ],\n              [\n                -74.867,\n                45.00048\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.34783,\n                45.00738\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.50506,\n                45.0082\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.405,\n                45.255\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.08482,\n                45.30524\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.66,\n                45.46\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.305,\n                45.915\n              ],\n              [\n                -69.99997,\n                46.69307\n              ],\n              [\n                -69.23722,\n                47.44778\n              ],\n              [\n                -68.905,\n                47.185\n              ],\n              [\n                -68.23444,\n                47.35486\n              ],\n              [\n                -67.79046,\n                47.06636\n              ],\n              [\n                -67.79134,\n                45.70281\n              ],\n              [\n                -67.13741,\n                45.13753\n              ],\n              [\n                -66.96466,\n                44.8097\n              ],\n              [\n                -68.03252,\n                44.3252\n              ],\n              [\n                -69.06,\n                43.98\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.11617,\n                43.68405\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.64548,\n                43.09024\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.81489,\n                42.8653\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.825,\n                42.335\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.495,\n                41.805\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.08,\n                41.78\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.185,\n                42.145\n              ],\n              [\n                -69.88497,\n                41.92283\n              ],\n              [\n                -69.96503,\n                41.63717\n              ],\n              [\n                -70.64,\n                41.475\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.12039,\n                41.49445\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.86,\n                41.32\n              ],\n              [\n                -72.295,\n                41.27\n              ],\n              [\n                -72.87643,\n                41.22065\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.71,\n                40.9311\n              ],\n              [\n                -72.24126,\n                41.11948\n              ],\n              [\n                -71.945,\n                40.93\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.345,\n                40.63\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.982,\n                40.628\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.95232,\n                40.75075\n              ],\n              [\n                -74.25671,\n                40.47351\n              ],\n              [\n                -73.96244,\n                40.42763\n              ],\n              [\n                -74.17838,\n                39.70926\n              ],\n              [\n                -74.90604,\n                38.93954\n              ],\n              [\n                -74.98041,\n                39.1964\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.20002,\n                39.24845\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.52805,\n                39.4985\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.32,\n                38.96\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.07183,\n                38.78203\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.05673,\n                38.40412\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.37747,\n                38.01551\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.94023,\n                37.21689\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.03127,\n                37.2566\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.72205,\n                37.93705\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.23287,\n                38.31921\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.35,\n                39.15\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.54272,\n                38.71762\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.32933,\n                38.08326\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.99,\n                38.23999\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.30162,\n                37.91794\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.25874,\n                36.9664\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.9718,\n                36.89726\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.86804,\n                36.55125\n              ],\n              [\n                -75.72749,\n                35.55074\n              ],\n              [\n                -76.36318,\n                34.80854\n              ],\n              [\n                -77.39763,\n                34.51201\n              ],\n              [\n                -78.05496,\n                33.92547\n              ],\n              [\n                -78.55435,\n                33.86133\n              ],\n              [\n                -79.06067,\n                33.49395\n              ],\n              [\n                -79.20357,\n                33.15839\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.30132,\n                32.50935\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.86498,\n                32.0333\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.33629,\n                31.44049\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.49042,\n                30.72999\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.31371,\n                30.03552\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.98,\n                29.18\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.53558,\n                28.47213\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.53,\n                28.04\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.05654,\n                26.88\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.08801,\n                26.20576\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.13156,\n                25.81677\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.38103,\n                25.20616\n              ],\n              [\n                -80.68,\n                25.08\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.17213,\n                25.20126\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.33,\n                25.64\n              ],\n              [\n                -81.71,\n                25.87\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.24,\n                26.73\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.70515,\n                27.49504\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.85526,\n                27.88624\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.65,\n                28.55\n              ],\n              [\n                -82.93,\n                29.1\n              ],\n              [\n                -83.70959,\n                29.93656\n              ],\n              [\n                -84.1,\n                30.09\n              ],\n              [\n                -85.10882,\n                29.63615\n              ],\n              [\n                -85.28784,\n                29.68612\n              ],\n              [\n                -85.7731,\n                30.15261\n              ],\n              [\n                -86.4,\n                30.4\n              ],\n              [\n                -87.53036,\n                30.27433\n              ],\n              [\n                -88.41782,\n                30.3849\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.18049,\n                30.31598\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.59383,\n                30.15999\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.41373,\n                29.89419\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.43,\n                29.48864\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.21767,\n                29.29108\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.40823,\n                29.15961\n              ],\n              [\n                -89.77928,\n                29.30714\n              ],\n              [\n                -90.15463,\n                29.11743\n              ],\n              [\n                -90.88022,\n                29.14854\n              ],\n              [\n                -91.62678,\n                29.677\n              ],\n              [\n                -92.49906,\n                29.5523\n              ],\n              [\n                -93.22637,\n                29.78375\n              ],\n              [\n                -93.84842,\n                29.71363\n              ],\n              [\n                -94.69,\n                29.48\n              ],\n              [\n                -95.60026,\n                28.73863\n              ],\n              [\n                -96.59404,\n                28.30748\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.14,\n                27.83\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.37,\n                27.38\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.38,\n                26.69\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.33,\n                26.21\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.14,\n                25.87\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.53,\n                25.84\n              ],\n              [\n                -98.24,\n                26.06\n              ],\n              [\n                -99.02,\n                26.37\n              ],\n              [\n                -99.3,\n                26.84\n              ],\n              [\n                -99.52,\n                27.54\n              ],\n              [\n                -100.11,\n                28.11\n              ],\n              [\n                -100.45584,\n                28.69612\n              ],\n              [\n                -100.9576,\n                29.38071\n              ],\n              [\n                -101.6624,\n                29.7793\n              ],\n              [\n                -102.48,\n                29.76\n              ],\n              [\n                -103.11,\n                28.97\n              ],\n              [\n                -103.94,\n                29.27\n              ],\n              [\n                -104.45697,\n                29.57196\n              ],\n              [\n                -104.70575,\n                30.12173\n              ],\n              [\n                -105.03737,\n                30.64402\n              ],\n              [\n                -105.63159,\n                31.08383\n              ],\n              [\n                -106.1429,\n                31.39995\n              ],\n              [\n                -106.50759,\n                31.75452\n              ],\n              [\n                -108.24,\n                31.75485\n              ],\n              [\n                -108.24194,\n                31.34222\n              ],\n              [\n                -109.035,\n                31.34194\n              ],\n              [\n                -111.02361,\n                31.33472\n              ],\n              [\n                -113.30498,\n                32.03914\n              ],\n              [\n                -114.815,\n                32.52528\n              ],\n              [\n                -114.72139,\n                32.72083\n              ],\n              [\n                -115.99135,\n                32.61239\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.12776,\n                32.53534\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.29594,\n                33.04622\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.944,\n                33.62124\n              ],\n              [\n                -118.4106,\n                33.74091\n              ],\n              [\n                -118.51989,\n                34.02778\n              ],\n              [\n                -119.081,\n                34.078\n              ],\n              [\n                -119.43884,\n                34.34848\n              ],\n              [\n                -120.36778,\n                34.44711\n              ],\n              [\n                -120.62286,\n                34.60855\n              ],\n              [\n                -120.74433,\n                35.15686\n              ],\n              [\n                -121.71457,\n                36.16153\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.54747,\n                37.55176\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.51201,\n                37.78339\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.95319,\n                38.11371\n              ],\n              [\n                -123.7272,\n                38.95166\n              ],\n              [\n                -123.86517,\n                39.76699\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.39807,\n                40.3132\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.17886,\n                41.14202\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.2137,\n                41.99964\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.53284,\n                42.76599\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.14214,\n                43.70838\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.02053,\n                44.6159\n              ],\n              [\n                -123.89893,\n                45.52341\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.07963,\n                46.86475\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.39567,\n                47.72017\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.68721,\n                48.18443\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.5661,\n                48.37971\n              ],\n              [\n                -123.12,\n                48.04\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.58736,\n                47.096\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.34,\n                47.36\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.5,\n                48.18\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.84,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -120,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.03121,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -116.04818,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -113,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -110.05,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -107.05,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -104.04826,\n                48.99986\n              ],\n              [\n                -100.65,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.22872,\n                49.0007\n              ],\n              [\n                -95.15907,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -95.15609,\n                49.38425\n              ],\n              [\n                -94.81758,\n                49.38905\n              ]\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      },\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"name\": \"United States\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"587","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Zachary C.","contributorId":146195,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Zachary C.","affiliations":[{"id":12643,"text":"Duke University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Brittany G. 0000-0002-8837-997X bdjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8837-997X","contributorId":245863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Brittany","email":"bdjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Briggs, Martin A. 0000-0003-3206-4132","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-4132","contributorId":257637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Martin A.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Devine, Warren 0000-0003-2520-0925","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2520-0925","contributorId":245864,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Devine","given":"Warren","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37093,"text":"Washington State Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Snyder, Craig D. 0000-0002-3448-597X csnyder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3448-597X","contributorId":2568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Craig","email":"csnyder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hitt, Nathaniel P. 0000-0002-1046-4568 nhitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-4568","contributorId":4435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nhitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hare, D.","contributorId":255088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hare","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36710,"text":"University of Connecticut","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Minkova, T.","contributorId":257641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Minkova","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37093,"text":"Washington State Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70210071,"text":"70210071 - 2020 - Probabilistic regional-scale liquefaction triggering modeling using 3D Gaussian processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-13T14:18:36.270936","indexId":"70210071","displayToPublicDate":"2020-04-06T09:15:18","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3418,"text":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probabilistic regional-scale liquefaction triggering modeling using 3D Gaussian processes","docAbstract":"<p>Liquefaction is a major cause of coseismic damages, occurring irregularly over hundreds or thousands of square kilometers in large earthquakes. Large variations in the extent and location of liquefaction have been observed in recent earthquakes, motivating the need for prediction methods that consider the spatial heterogeneity of geologic deposits at a regional scale. Contemporary regional-scale liquefaction hazard analyses are typically performed using only surficial data, which does not address the complicated subsurface mechanics and spatial variability associated with artificial fill and natural soil deposits. </p><p>In this study, we develop a probabilistic, regional-scale, subsurface model using data from hundreds of borings to better understand subsurface conditions that could influence liquefaction. We then use this subsurface sample database to train Gaussian process models, yielding 3D independent random fields of groundwater depth, soil plasticity, and penetration resistance for each geologic unit. We incorporate the Gaussian process models into probabilistic liquefaction triggering procedures, producing 3D estimates of the probability of liquefaction for an example study area in Portland, Oregon. Near sampling locations, the variance of the Gaussian process models approaches the variance of site-specific liquefaction triggering procedures. Conversely, when no sample data are nearby to condition a Gaussian process, the variance approaches the marginal variance of the entire recorded dataset. Thus, the procedure described in this study unifies probabilistic site-specific and regional-scale liquefaction triggering procedures and provides an important step towards quantitative liquefaction hazard assessments for regionally distributed infrastructures, such as levees, pipelines, roadways, and electrical transmission facilities.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.soildyn.2020.106159","collaboration":"","usgsCitation":"Greenfield, M., and Grant, A.R., 2020, Probabilistic regional-scale liquefaction triggering modeling using 3D Gaussian processes: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, v. 134, 106159, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2020.106159.","productDescription":"106159, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-110234","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374751,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Portland","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.8656005859375,\n              45.31739181570158\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.431640625,\n              45.31739181570158\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.431640625,\n              45.74069339553309\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.8656005859375,\n              45.74069339553309\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.8656005859375,\n              45.31739181570158\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"134","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greenfield, Michael","contributorId":224657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greenfield","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":40903,"text":"Greenfield Geotechnical, Portland, OR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":788985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grant, Alex R. 0000-0002-5096-4305","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5096-4305","contributorId":219066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"Alex","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70209420,"text":"70209420 - 2020 - Thermal heterogeneity, migration, and consequences for spawning potential of female bull trout in a river-reservoir system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-04T17:09:46.699712","indexId":"70209420","displayToPublicDate":"2020-04-03T08:18:18","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal heterogeneity, migration, and consequences for spawning potential of female bull trout in a river-reservoir system","docAbstract":"<p>The likelihood that fish will initiate spawning, spawn successfully, or skip spawning in a given year is conditioned in part on availability of energy reserves. We evaluated the consequences of spatial heterogeneity in thermal conditions on the energy accumulation and spawning potential of migratory bull trout (<i>Salvelinus confluentus</i>) in a regulated river–reservoir system. Based on existing data, we identified a portfolio of thermal exposures and migratory patterns and then estimated their influence on energy reserves of female bull trout with a bioenergetics model. Spawning by females was assumed to be possible if postspawning energy reserves equaled or exceeded 4 kJ/g. Given this assumption, results suggested up to 70% of the simulated fish could spawn each year. Fish that moved seasonally between a cold river segment and a warmer reservoir downstream had a greater growth rate and higher propensity to spawn in a given year (range: 40%–70%) compared with fish that resided solely in the cold river segment (25%–40%). On average, fish that spawned lost 30% of their energy content relative to their prespawn energy. In contrast, fish that skipped spawning accumulated, on average, 16% energy gains that could be used toward future gamete production. Skipped spawning occurred when water temperatures were relatively low or high, and if upstream migration occurred relatively late (mid-July or later) or early (early-May or earlier). Overall, our modeling effort suggests the configuration of thermal exposures, and the ability of bull trout to exploit this spatially and temporally variable thermal conditions can strongly influence energy reserves and likelihood of successful spawning.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.6184","usgsCitation":"Benjamin, J.R., Vidergar, D., and Dunham, J.B., 2020, Thermal heterogeneity, migration, and consequences for spawning potential of female bull trout in a river-reservoir system: Ecology and Evolution, v. 10, no. 9, p. 4128-4142, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6184.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"4128","endPage":"4142","ipdsId":"IP-111770","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6184","text":"External Repository"},{"id":373838,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Boise River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.4111328125,\n              42.97250158602597\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.99414062499999,\n              42.97250158602597\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.99414062499999,\n              44.4808302785626\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.4111328125,\n              44.4808302785626\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.4111328125,\n              42.97250158602597\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benjamin, Joseph R. 0000-0003-3733-6838 jbenjamin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3733-6838","contributorId":3999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benjamin","given":"Joseph","email":"jbenjamin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vidergar, Dmitri T","contributorId":223858,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vidergar","given":"Dmitri T","affiliations":[{"id":6696,"text":"BLM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunham, Jason B. 0000-0002-6268-0633 jdunham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":147808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason","email":"jdunham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70209988,"text":"70209988 - 2020 - Understanding the golden eagle and bald eagle sensory worlds to enhance detection and response to wind turbines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-08T12:43:14.492553","indexId":"70209988","displayToPublicDate":"2020-04-03T07:35:55","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Understanding the golden eagle and bald eagle sensory worlds to enhance detection and response to wind turbines","docAbstract":"The objective for this study was to measure the auditory and visual physiology of Golden and Bald Eagles in order to use eagle sensory capabilities to inform the design of potential deterrent stimuli that could be used to reduce eagle/turbine collisions with wind turbines. The rationale for this approach is that sensory systems of any organism will limit the capability of that organism to perceive aspects of the world around it. Moreover, species can differ dramatically in their sensory physiology so it is important to examine these characteristics in the species of concern, rather than relying on data from similar birds. Our project consisted of two main phases. The first phase was the acquisition and analysis of visual and auditory information from Golden and Bald Eagles in rehabilitation centers. This was performed in order to identify light and sound stimuli tuned to sensitive areas in the eagle’s sensory systems. The second phase of the project was to present these stimuli to both species of eagles in a behavioral experiment to identify which stimuli would be the most effective in changing the behaviors of the eagles. \nResults of phase one indicated that the visual system of the Golden Eagle strongly absorbs ultraviolet light, making it unlikely the Golden Eagle (and most likely the Bald Eagle) will detect ultraviolet light signals. The Golden and Bald Eagles have differences in the sensitivities of their visual systems to light within the eye, but mathematical models indicate that both species are able to detect indigo/blue and orange/red light produced by LEDs (light emitting diodes) very well. We also found that both species of eagles have a blind spot above their head. This blind spot is particularly large in Golden Eagles due to a pronounced brow ridge above the eyes. This blind spot will result in the inability of a Golden Eagle to see something in front of it when its head is pointed down during flight – as might happen while hunting (i.e. searching the ground for prey). As such, the blind spot may increase the chance of collision with wind turbines if the eagle is actively hunting. This problem is less pronounced in Bald Eagles because their blind spot is smaller than in the Golden Eagles and their foraging strategy is different.\nResults of phase one also indicated that the auditory systems of the Golden and Bald Eagles respond differently to a variety of sounds (static tones, static chords (i.e. stacked tones), and sounds with dynamic changes through amplitude modulation or frequency modulation). Both species’ auditory systems responded strongly to tones across a wide range of frequencies (0.5 – 5kHz ), however the Bald Eagles’ auditory system was much better at processing complex sounds with dynamic rapid changes in amplitude or frequency modulation than the Golden Eagle. All of these sounds were then played with two types of noise in the background (white or pink). White noise more closely resembles the sound of wind and pink noise more closely resembles wind turbines or other sources of anthropogenic noise. Most sounds were more strongly masked by pink noise than by white noise, but several sounds (especially sounds with rapid modulation changes) showed little or no masking, indicating these were good candidate signals. However, even though rapidly changing sounds are less subject to noise masking, they are also less strongly processed by the Golden Eagle auditory system. This tradeoff does not exist in Bald Eagles because individuals of this species are very good at processing rapidly changing sounds. Given that Golden Eagle populations are at greater risk than Bald Eagle populations, we suggest that the most efficient alerting sound stimuli used in deterrent systems should be complex sounds that do not change very rapidly. \nWe identified candidate light (indigo/blue and orange/red LED lights) and sound (sinusoidal frequency modulated sound, linear frequency sweeps, amplitude modulated sound, and a mistuned harmonic stack) stimuli that both eagle species sensory systems are highly sensitive to. Results of phase two, in which we presented these stimuli to eagles in a behavioral experiment, indicated that eagles behaviorally responded to all the stimuli presented, but at varying degrees. The Golden Eagles, especially, elicited higher rates of visual exploratory behavior with a flashing blue light stimulus and all sound stimuli. Our results suggest using these stimuli in field-testing of light/sound eagle deterrent systems on wind turbines. The eagles showed lower rates of behavior over the course of an experiment, suggesting either that they habituated to our stimuli or were initially stressed by the setup of the behavioral tests.  These results underscore the need to test for habituation effects.  Nonetheless, habitation to the stimuli in these field tests would likely be reduced by the use of random presentations of the four sounds and if possible random presentation of the candidate lights.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Energy","doi":"","collaboration":"Purdue University","usgsCitation":"Fernandez-Juricic, E., Lucas, J., Katzner, T., Goller, B., Baumhardt, P., and Lovko, N., 2020, Understanding the golden eagle and bald eagle sensory worlds to enhance detection and response to wind turbines, 181 p., https://doi.org/.","productDescription":"181 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118356","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374571,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":374570,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://tethys.pnnl.gov/publications/understanding-golden-eagle-bald-eagle-sensory-worlds-enhance-detection-response-wind"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fernandez-Juricic, Esteban","contributorId":224607,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fernandez-Juricic","given":"Esteban","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":788720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lucas, Jeffrey","contributorId":224608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lucas","given":"Jeffrey","affiliations":[{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":788721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Katzner, Todd E. 0000-0003-4503-8435 tkatzner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-8435","contributorId":191353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzner","given":"Todd E.","email":"tkatzner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goller, B.","contributorId":224609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goller","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baumhardt, P.","contributorId":224610,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baumhardt","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lovko, N.","contributorId":224611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lovko","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70211966,"text":"70211966 - 2020 - Runoff-initiated post-fire debris flow Western Cascades, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-12T20:57:19.586297","indexId":"70211966","displayToPublicDate":"2020-04-01T15:54:15","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2604,"text":"Landslides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Runoff-initiated post-fire debris flow Western Cascades, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p><span>Wildfires dramatically alter the hydraulics and root reinforcement of soil on forested hillslopes, which can promote the generation of debris flows. In the Pacific Northwest, post-fire shallow landsliding has been well documented and studied, but the potential role of runoff-initiated debris flows is not well understood and only one previous to 2018 had been documented in the region. On 20 June 2018, approximately 1&nbsp;year after the Milli fire burned 24,000 acres, a runoff-initiated debris flow occurred on the flanks of Black Crater in the Oregon Cascade Range. The debris flow was initiated via dispersed rilling on &gt; 30-degree slopes near the crater rim and traveled &gt; 1.5&nbsp;km downslope. We measured exceptionally low soil infiltration rates at the study site, likely due to high burn severity during the Milli fire. Based on nearby 5-min rain gage data, we quantified rainfall rates for the storm event that triggered the debris flow. Our results show that peak 15-min rainfall rates were 25.4&nbsp;mmh</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, equaling or exceeding the measured infiltration rates at the study site, which had a geometric mean of ~ 24&nbsp;mmh</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. Field mapping shows that high burn severity resulted in the initiation of the debris flow and that convergent and steep topography promoted the development of a debris flow at this site. As wildfires increase in frequency and intensity across the western USA, the Pacific Northwest could become more susceptible to runoff-initiated debris flows. Therefore, characterization of the conditions that resulted in this debris flow is crucial for understanding how runoff-initiated debris flows may shape terrain and impact hazards in the Pacific Northwest.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springerlink","doi":"10.1007/s10346-020-01376-9","usgsCitation":"Wall, S., Roering, J., and Rengers, F.K., 2020, Runoff-initiated post-fire debris flow Western Cascades, Oregon: Landslides, v. 17, p. 1649-1661, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-020-01376-9.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1649","endPage":"1661","ipdsId":"IP-114420","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":377441,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Western Cascades","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.882080078125,\n              43.23719944365308\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.695556640625,\n              43.23719944365308\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.695556640625,\n              45.26715476332791\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.882080078125,\n              45.26715476332791\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.882080078125,\n              43.23719944365308\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wall, Sara","contributorId":238092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wall","given":"Sara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33615,"text":"Carleton College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roering, J.J.","contributorId":238093,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roering","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rengers, Francis K. 0000-0002-1825-0943 frengers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0943","contributorId":150422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rengers","given":"Francis","email":"frengers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":796004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70209458,"text":"70209458 - 2020 - Cooperatively improving tallgrass prairie with adaptive management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-10T16:04:37.654404","indexId":"70209458","displayToPublicDate":"2020-04-01T08:19:44","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cooperatively improving tallgrass prairie with adaptive management","docAbstract":"Adaptive management (AM) is widely recommended as an approach for learning to improve resource management, but successful AM projects remain relatively uncommon, with few documented examples applied by natural resource management agencies. We used AM to make recommendations for the management of native tallgrass prairie plant communities in western Minnesota and eastern North and South Dakota, USA. After nine years of data collection and learning, we report on whether the condition of the prairie improved with management and which actions and frequency of action allowed improvement. Our approach to AM employed Bayesian updating to generate annual management recommendations at a site and state-dependent scale. We also used a logistic regression approach to complement the output from the AM model and evaluate the more general conditions which led to attaining management goals. Overall, the cover of native plants increased for low-quality sites, and among the management practices considered, we found that burning most effectively enhanced the native prairie plant community and increased the dominance of native indicator species. Contrary to expectations, the results also suggest that grazing on sites that started in a poor condition were less likely to show improvements in the native plant community. Complementing AM with more traditional statistical analyses can help inform the iterative doubleloop learning phase of the AM framework. AM has many challenges, but we demonstrate that multi-agency AM can be successful. Keys to success include starting the project with an in-person, in-depth workshop; standardized protocols and a centralized database; a core project team with multi-disciplinary backgrounds; stability in project leadership; and regular communication to meet annual deadlines.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.3095","collaboration":"","usgsCitation":"Ahlering, M., Carlson, D., Vacek, S., Jacobi, S., Hunt, V., Stanton, J.C., Knutson, M.G., and Lonsdorf, E.V., 2020, Cooperatively improving tallgrass prairie with adaptive management: Ecosphere, v. 11, no. 4, e03095, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3095.","productDescription":"e03095, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-106974","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3095","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":373859,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -101.57958984375,\n              42.58544425738491\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.42773437499999,\n              42.58544425738491\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.42773437499999,\n              48.951366470947725\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.57958984375,\n              48.951366470947725\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.57958984375,\n              42.58544425738491\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahlering, Marissa 0000-0002-3913-428X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3913-428X","contributorId":171943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ahlering","given":"Marissa","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlson, Daren","contributorId":219541,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carlson","given":"Daren","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6964,"text":"Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vacek, Sara","contributorId":178445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vacek","given":"Sara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jacobi, Sarah","contributorId":149496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jacobi","given":"Sarah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17752,"text":"Chicago Botanic Garden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hunt, Vicky","contributorId":219542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunt","given":"Vicky","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17752,"text":"Chicago Botanic Garden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stanton, Jessica C. 0000-0002-6225-3703 jcstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6225-3703","contributorId":5634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Jessica","email":"jcstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Knutson, Melinda G.","contributorId":205325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knutson","given":"Melinda","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lonsdorf, Eric V.","contributorId":149495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lonsdorf","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":17752,"text":"Chicago Botanic Garden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70209461,"text":"70209461 - 2020 - Mapping the thermal landscape of the Upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-03T00:33:27.008558","indexId":"70209461","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-31T19:30:42","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5000,"text":"Long Term Resource Monitoring Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"LTRMP-2017TL2","title":"Mapping the thermal landscape of the Upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"<p><span>Temperature has a fundamental influence on physical, chemical and biological processing in aquatic ecosystems. River temperatures respond to a diverse array of drivers including air temperature, streamflow, and thermal inputs, but the physical template has been shown to play a significant role in structuring spatial and temporal variation in water temperature. How these factors interact to affect water temperature in complex floodplain river habitats such as those present in the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS) is not well-studied. We used a combination of airborne thermal imagery and continuous temperature loggers deployed across aquatic area types to evaluate spatial and temporal patterns in water temperature in Navigation Pool 8 during the summer and fall of 2017. The mid-wave infrared thermal camera available for this study is not commonly used for thermal imagery acquisition over water, so we discuss accommodations that were made to account for potential interferences and describe considerations for future users interested in using the technology. We quantified thermal metrics from imagery and continuous loggers (e.g., mean, coefficient of variation, range) and compared those to hydrogeomorphic variability across aquatic areas using a Geographic Information System (GIS) dataset. Our findings showed that both temporal and spatial temperature patterns were linked to variation in depth and connectivity of aquatic areas across the pool. Despite some of the technical challenges associated with acquiring this imagery, the method shows promise for characterizing spatial variation in surface temperatures in the UMRS associated with complex physical features such as habitat rehabilitation and enhancement projects.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program","usgsCitation":"Jankowski, K.J., Robinson, L.R., Kalas, J., Carhart, A., Lubinski, B.R., and Ruhser, J., 2020, Mapping the thermal landscape of the Upper Mississippi River: Long Term Resource Monitoring Technical Report LTRMP-2017TL2, 27 p.","productDescription":"27 p.","ipdsId":"IP-103180","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375283,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":375282,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.umesc.usgs.gov/documents/publications/2020/jankowski_a_2020.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Illinois, Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Upoper Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.3623046875,\n              39.9434364619742\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.736328125,\n              41.86956082699455\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3076171875,\n              43.004647127794435\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0546875,\n              44.18220395771566\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.1640625,\n              45.583289756006316\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.515625,\n              46.649436163350245\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.658203125,\n              46.558860303117164\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.04296874999999,\n              45.36758436884978\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.98828125,\n              44.213709909702054\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.97753906249999,\n              43.96119063892024\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.49414062499999,\n              43.61221676817573\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.5380859375,\n              42.94033923363181\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0546875,\n              42.32606244456202\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.52734374999999,\n              42.09822241118974\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.5380859375,\n              40.713955826286046\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.3623046875,\n              39.9434364619742\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jankowski, Kathi Jo 0000-0002-3292-4182","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3292-4182","contributorId":207429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jankowski","given":"Kathi","email":"","middleInitial":"Jo","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, Larry R. 0000-0002-3049-6479 lrobinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3049-6479","contributorId":3136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Larry","email":"lrobinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kalas, John","contributorId":223883,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kalas","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carhart, Alicia 0000-0002-9977-8124","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9977-8124","contributorId":223884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carhart","given":"Alicia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lubinski, Brian R.","contributorId":177523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lubinski","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ruhser, Janis 0000-0001-9987-2578 jruhser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9987-2578","contributorId":149646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhser","given":"Janis","email":"jruhser@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70209127,"text":"70209127 - 2020 - Learning from real-world experience to understand renewable energy impacts to wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-02T23:59:44.645436","indexId":"70209127","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-31T18:56:23","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5964,"text":"Energy Research ad Development Division Final Research Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"CEC-500-2020-012","title":"Learning from real-world experience to understand renewable energy impacts to wildlife","docAbstract":"The project team sought to use real-world data to understand adverse effects to wildlife\nof renewable energy production that is critical to meeting California’s climate and clean\nenergy goals. The project had three main components. First, a systematic literature\nreview studied 20 peer-reviewed publications and 612 reports from other nonreviewed\nsources from 231 wind and solar facilities in North America. Within California, 50\npercent of facilities collected pre- and post-construction data, 30 percent had\nexperimental study designs, and fewer than 7 percent estimated detection probability\nduring habitat use surveys. Mitigation at wind power plants focused on repowering to\nreduce risk to soaring birds and at solar facilities emphasized wildlife deterrence and\ncompensatory mitigation. Second, the authors developed a best-practices approach to\nemploy environmental isotopes (for example, hydrogen obtained from animal tissue)\nand rescaling functions (a statistical approach to modeling the relationship between\nvariables) to assign individual birds or bats to their place of origin. The team applied\nthis approach to feathers from 411 individuals of 12 species killed at wind facilities and\n515 individuals of 19 species killed at solar facilities. From 24 percent to 100 percent\n(mean +/- SD = 49 percent +/- 33 percent) and 25 percent to 100 percent (73 percent +/-\n25 percent) of birds grew feathers at a location outside the collection site at wind and\nsolar facilities, respectively. Third, the authors constructed Bayesian integrated\npopulation models (probability models) for 29 focal species affected by wind or solar\nenergy generation in California. Species predominantly local in origin generally had\nlower population growth rates than did species that were predominantly nonlocal in\norigin. These patterns illustrate the complex linkages between behavioral ecology,\nvulnerability to mortality, and population-level impacts to wildlife from fatalities at\nrenewable energy facilities. This project benefits the renewable energy sector by\nproviding a framework and specific tools for understanding environmental impacts of\nrenewable energy generation.","language":"English","publisher":"California Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Conkling, T., Vander Zanden, H.B., Poessel, S.A., Loss, S., Allison, T.D., Diffendorfer, J., Duerr, A.E., Nelson, D.M., Yee, J.L., and Katzner, T., 2020, Learning from real-world experience to understand renewable energy impacts to wildlife: Energy Research ad Development Division Final Research Report CEC-500-2020-012, 132 p.","productDescription":"132 p.","ipdsId":"IP-106403","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375279,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":375278,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ww2.energy.ca.gov/2020publications/CEC-500-2020-012/CEC-500-2020-012.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-122.421439,37.869969],[-122.41847,37.852721],[-122.434403,37.852434],[-122.446316,37.861046],[-122.430958,37.872242],[-122.421439,37.869969]]],[[[-122.3785,37.826505],[-122.377879,37.830648],[-122.369941,37.832137],[-122.358779,37.814278],[-122.362661,37.807577],[-122.372422,37.811301],[-122.3785,37.826505]]],[[[-120.248484,33.999329],[-120.230001,34.010136],[-120.19578,34.004284],[-120.167306,34.008219],[-120.147647,34.024831],[-120.140362,34.025974],[-120.115058,34.019866],[-120.090182,34.019806],[-120.073609,34.024477],[-120.057637,34.03734],[-120.043259,34.035806],[-120.050382,34.013331],[-120.046575,34.000002],[-120.011123,33.979894],[-119.978876,33.983081],[-119.979913,33.969623],[-119.97026,33.944359],[-120.017715,33.936366],[-120.048611,33.915775],[-120.098601,33.907853],[-120.121817,33.895712],[-120.168974,33.91909],[-120.224461,33.989059],[-120.248484,33.999329]]],[[[-119.789798,34.05726],[-119.755521,34.056716],[-119.712576,34.043265],[-119.686507,34.019805],[-119.637742,34.013178],[-119.612226,34.021256],[-119.604287,34.031561],[-119.608798,34.035245],[-119.59324,34.049625],[-119.5667,34.053452],[-119.52064,34.034262],[-119.542449,34.021082],[-119.547072,34.005469],[-119.560464,33.99553],[-119.575636,33.996009],[-119.596877,33.988611],[-119.662825,33.985889],[-119.721206,33.959583],[-119.742966,33.963877],[-119.758141,33.959212],[-119.842748,33.97034],[-119.873358,33.980375],[-119.884896,34.008814],[-119.876329,34.032087],[-119.916216,34.058351],[-119.923337,34.069361],[-119.919155,34.07728],[-119.912857,34.077508],[-119.857304,34.071298],[-119.825865,34.059794],[-119.818742,34.052997],[-119.789798,34.05726]]],[[[-120.46258,34.042627],[-120.440248,34.036918],[-120.415287,34.05496],[-120.403613,34.050442],[-120.390906,34.051994],[-120.368813,34.06778],[-120.370176,34.074907],[-120.362251,34.073056],[-120.354982,34.059256],[-120.36029,34.05582],[-120.358608,34.050235],[-120.346946,34.046576],[-120.331161,34.049097],[-120.302122,34.023574],[-120.317052,34.018837],[-120.347706,34.020114],[-120.35793,34.015029],[-120.409368,34.032198],[-120.427408,34.025425],[-120.454134,34.028081],[-120.465329,34.038448],[-120.46258,34.042627]]],[[[-118.524531,32.895488],[-118.535823,32.90628],[-118.551134,32.945155],[-118.573522,32.969183],[-118.586928,33.008281],[-118.596037,33.015357],[-118.606559,33.01469],[-118.605534,33.030999],[-118.594033,33.035951],[-118.57516,33.033961],[-118.569013,33.029151],[-118.559171,33.006291],[-118.540069,32.980933],[-118.496811,32.933847],[-118.369984,32.839273],[-118.353504,32.821962],[-118.356541,32.817311],[-118.379968,32.824545],[-118.394565,32.823978],[-118.425634,32.800595],[-118.44492,32.820593],[-118.496298,32.851572],[-118.507193,32.876264],[-118.524531,32.895488]]],[[[-118.500212,33.449592],[-118.477646,33.448392],[-118.445812,33.428907],[-118.423576,33.427258],[-118.382037,33.409883],[-118.370323,33.409285],[-118.365094,33.388374],[-118.310213,33.335795],[-118.303174,33.320264],[-118.305084,33.310323],[-118.325244,33.299075],[-118.374768,33.320065],[-118.440047,33.318638],[-118.465368,33.326056],[-118.48877,33.356649],[-118.478465,33.38632],[-118.48875,33.419826],[-118.515914,33.422417],[-118.52323,33.430733],[-118.53738,33.434608],[-118.563442,33.434381],[-118.60403,33.47654],[-118.54453,33.474119],[-118.500212,33.449592]]],[[[-119.543842,33.280329],[-119.528141,33.284929],[-119.465717,33.259239],[-119.429559,33.228167],[-119.444269,33.21919],[-119.476029,33.21552],[-119.545872,33.233406],[-119.564971,33.24744],[-119.578942,33.278628],[-119.562042,33.271129],[-119.543842,33.280329]]],[[[-122.289533,42.007764],[-121.035195,41.993323],[-120.001058,41.995139],[-119.995926,40.499901],[-120.005743,39.228664],[-120.001014,38.999574],[-119.333423,38.538328],[-118.714312,38.102185],[-117.875927,37.497267],[-117.244917,37.030244],[-116.488233,36.459097],[-115.852908,35.96966],[-115.102881,35.379371],[-114.633013,35.002085],[-114.629015,34.986148],[-114.634953,34.958918],[-114.629753,34.938684],[-114.635176,34.875003],[-114.623939,34.859738],[-114.586842,34.835672],[-114.57101,34.794294],[-114.552682,34.766871],[-114.516619,34.736745],[-114.470477,34.711368],[-114.452628,34.668546],[-114.451753,34.654321],[-114.441465,34.64253],[-114.438739,34.621455],[-114.424202,34.610453],[-114.429747,34.591734],[-114.422382,34.580711],[-114.405228,34.569637],[-114.380838,34.529724],[-114.378124,34.507288],[-114.386699,34.457911],[-114.375789,34.447798],[-114.335372,34.450038],[-114.32613,34.437251],[-114.294836,34.421389],[-114.286802,34.40534],[-114.264317,34.401329],[-114.226107,34.365916],[-114.199482,34.361373],[-114.176909,34.349306],[-114.157206,34.317862],[-114.138282,34.30323],[-114.134768,34.268965],[-114.139055,34.259538],[-114.159697,34.258242],[-114.223384,34.205136],[-114.229715,34.186928],[-114.254141,34.173831],[-114.287294,34.170529],[-114.320777,34.138635],[-114.353031,34.133121],[-114.366521,34.118575],[-114.390565,34.110084],[-114.411681,34.110031],[-114.43338,34.088413],[-114.43934,34.057893],[-114.434949,34.037784],[-114.438266,34.022609],[-114.46283,34.008421],[-114.46117,33.994687],[-114.499883,33.961789],[-114.522002,33.955623],[-114.535478,33.934651],[-114.533679,33.926072],[-114.508558,33.906098],[-114.518555,33.889847],[-114.50434,33.876882],[-114.503017,33.867998],[-114.514673,33.858638],[-114.52453,33.858477],[-114.529597,33.848063],[-114.520465,33.827778],[-114.527161,33.816191],[-114.504863,33.760465],[-114.504483,33.750998],[-114.512348,33.734214],[-114.496565,33.719155],[-114.494197,33.707922],[-114.495719,33.698454],[-114.523959,33.685879],[-114.531523,33.675108],[-114.525201,33.661583],[-114.530244,33.65014],[-114.526947,33.637534],[-114.529662,33.622794],[-114.524813,33.611351],[-114.540617,33.591412],[-114.5403,33.580615],[-114.524391,33.553683],[-114.558898,33.531819],[-114.560552,33.518272],[-114.569533,33.509219],[-114.591554,33.499443],[-114.622918,33.456561],[-114.627125,33.433554],[-114.635183,33.422726],[-114.652828,33.412922],[-114.687953,33.417944],[-114.701732,33.408388],[-114.725535,33.404056],[-114.708408,33.384147],[-114.698035,33.352442],[-114.707962,33.323421],[-114.731223,33.302434],[-114.723259,33.288079],[-114.684363,33.276025],[-114.672401,33.26047],[-114.689421,33.24525],[-114.674479,33.225504],[-114.678749,33.203448],[-114.675831,33.18152],[-114.679359,33.159519],[-114.703682,33.113769],[-114.706488,33.08816],[-114.68902,33.084036],[-114.686991,33.070969],[-114.674296,33.057171],[-114.673659,33.041897],[-114.662317,33.032671],[-114.64598,33.048903],[-114.618788,33.027202],[-114.589778,33.026228],[-114.575161,33.036542],[-114.52013,33.029984],[-114.502871,33.011153],[-114.492938,32.971781],[-114.476156,32.975168],[-114.467664,32.966861],[-114.469113,32.952673],[-114.48074,32.937027],[-114.47664,32.923628],[-114.462929,32.907944],[-114.468971,32.845155],[-114.494116,32.823288],[-114.510217,32.816417],[-114.530755,32.793485],[-114.532432,32.776923],[-114.526856,32.757094],[-114.539093,32.756949],[-114.539224,32.749812],[-114.564447,32.749554],[-114.564508,32.742298],[-114.581736,32.742321],[-114.581784,32.734946],[-114.612697,32.734516],[-114.618373,32.728245],[-114.688779,32.737675],[-114.701918,32.745548],[-114.719633,32.718763],[-116.04662,32.623353],[-117.124862,32.534156],[-117.136664,32.618754],[-117.168866,32.671952],[-117.196767,32.688851],[-117.213068,32.687751],[-117.236239,32.671353],[-117.246069,32.669352],[-117.25757,32.72605],[-117.25257,32.752949],[-117.25497,32.786948],[-117.26107,32.803148],[-117.280971,32.822247],[-117.28217,32.839547],[-117.27387,32.851447],[-117.26497,32.848947],[-117.25617,32.859447],[-117.25167,32.874346],[-117.25447,32.900146],[-117.28077,33.012343],[-117.315278,33.093504],[-117.328359,33.121842],[-117.362572,33.168437],[-117.469794,33.296417],[-117.50565,33.334063],[-117.547693,33.365491],[-117.59588,33.386629],[-117.607905,33.406317],[-117.645582,33.440728],[-117.684584,33.461927],[-117.691984,33.456627],[-117.715349,33.460556],[-117.726486,33.483427],[-117.784888,33.541525],[-117.814188,33.552224],[-117.840289,33.573523],[-117.87679,33.592322],[-117.927091,33.605521],[-117.940591,33.620021],[-118.000593,33.654319],[-118.029694,33.676418],[-118.088896,33.729817],[-118.132698,33.753217],[-118.180831,33.763072],[-118.187701,33.749218],[-118.181367,33.717367],[-118.207476,33.716905],[-118.258687,33.703741],[-118.317205,33.712818],[-118.360505,33.736817],[-118.385006,33.741417],[-118.396606,33.735917],[-118.411211,33.741985],[-118.428407,33.774715],[-118.405007,33.800215],[-118.394376,33.804289],[-118.392107,33.840915],[-118.460611,33.969111],[-118.482729,33.995912],[-118.519514,34.027509],[-118.543115,34.038508],[-118.569235,34.04164],[-118.609652,34.036424],[-118.668358,34.038887],[-118.706215,34.029383],[-118.744952,34.032103],[-118.783433,34.021543],[-118.805114,34.001239],[-118.854653,34.034215],[-118.928048,34.045847],[-118.938081,34.043383],[-119.004644,34.066231],[-119.037494,34.083111],[-119.088536,34.09831],[-119.109784,34.094566],[-119.130169,34.100102],[-119.18864,34.139005],[-119.216441,34.146105],[-119.257043,34.213304],[-119.278644,34.266902],[-119.290945,34.274902],[-119.313034,34.275689],[-119.337475,34.290576],[-119.370356,34.319486],[-119.388249,34.317398],[-119.42777,34.353016],[-119.461036,34.374064],[-119.536957,34.395495],[-119.559459,34.413395],[-119.616862,34.420995],[-119.638864,34.415696],[-119.671866,34.416096],[-119.688167,34.412497],[-119.684666,34.408297],[-119.709067,34.395397],[-119.729369,34.395897],[-119.794771,34.417597],[-119.835771,34.415796],[-119.853771,34.407996],[-119.873971,34.408795],[-119.925227,34.433931],[-119.956433,34.435288],[-120.008077,34.460447],[-120.038828,34.463434],[-120.088591,34.460208],[-120.141165,34.473405],[-120.25777,34.467451],[-120.295051,34.470623],[-120.341369,34.458789],[-120.471376,34.447846],[-120.47661,34.475131],[-120.511421,34.522953],[-120.581293,34.556959],[-120.622575,34.554017],[-120.637805,34.56622],[-120.645739,34.581035],[-120.640244,34.604406],[-120.60197,34.692095],[-120.60045,34.70464],[-120.614852,34.730709],[-120.62632,34.738072],[-120.637415,34.755895],[-120.616296,34.816308],[-120.610266,34.85818],[-120.616325,34.866739],[-120.639283,34.880413],[-120.647328,34.901133],[-120.670835,34.904115],[-120.63999,35.002963],[-120.629931,35.061515],[-120.630957,35.101941],[-120.644311,35.139616],[-120.651134,35.147768],[-120.662475,35.153357],[-120.675074,35.153061],[-120.698906,35.171192],[-120.714185,35.175998],[-120.74887,35.177795],[-120.754823,35.174701],[-120.756086,35.160459],[-120.760492,35.15971],[-120.778998,35.168897],[-120.786076,35.177666],[-120.856047,35.206487],[-120.89679,35.247877],[-120.862684,35.346776],[-120.866099,35.393045],[-120.884757,35.430196],[-120.907937,35.449069],[-120.946546,35.446715],[-120.969436,35.460197],[-121.003359,35.46071],[-121.101595,35.548814],[-121.126027,35.593058],[-121.143561,35.606046],[-121.166712,35.635399],[-121.251034,35.656641],[-121.284973,35.674109],[-121.289794,35.689428],[-121.314632,35.71331],[-121.315786,35.75252],[-121.332449,35.783106],[-121.388053,35.823483],[-121.413146,35.855316],[-121.439584,35.86695],[-121.462264,35.885618],[-121.461227,35.896906],[-121.472435,35.91989],[-121.4862,35.970348],[-121.503112,36.000299],[-121.531876,36.014368],[-121.574602,36.025156],[-121.590395,36.050363],[-121.592853,36.065062],[-121.606845,36.072065],[-121.618672,36.087767],[-121.629634,36.114452],[-121.680145,36.165818],[-121.717176,36.195146],[-121.779851,36.227407],[-121.797059,36.234211],[-121.813734,36.234235],[-121.826425,36.24186],[-121.851967,36.277831],[-121.874797,36.289064],[-121.888491,36.30281],[-121.894714,36.317806],[-121.892917,36.340428],[-121.905446,36.358269],[-121.903195,36.393603],[-121.914378,36.404344],[-121.91474,36.42589],[-121.9416,36.485602],[-121.938763,36.506423],[-121.944666,36.521861],[-121.925937,36.525173],[-121.932508,36.559935],[-121.942533,36.566435],[-121.957335,36.564482],[-121.978592,36.580488],[-121.970427,36.582754],[-121.941666,36.618059],[-121.93643,36.636746],[-121.923866,36.634559],[-121.890164,36.609259],[-121.889064,36.601759],[-121.860604,36.611136],[-121.831995,36.644856],[-121.814462,36.682858],[-121.807062,36.714157],[-121.805643,36.750239],[-121.788278,36.803994],[-121.809363,36.848654],[-121.862266,36.931552],[-121.894667,36.961851],[-121.930069,36.97815],[-121.95167,36.97145],[-121.972771,36.954151],[-122.012373,36.96455],[-122.023373,36.96215],[-122.027174,36.95115],[-122.050122,36.948523],[-122.105976,36.955951],[-122.155078,36.98085],[-122.20618,37.013949],[-122.252181,37.059448],[-122.284882,37.101747],[-122.306139,37.116383],[-122.337071,37.117382],[-122.337833,37.135936],[-122.359791,37.155574],[-122.367085,37.172817],[-122.390599,37.182988],[-122.405073,37.195791],[-122.407181,37.219465],[-122.419113,37.24147],[-122.411686,37.265844],[-122.40085,37.359225],[-122.423286,37.392542],[-122.443687,37.435941],[-122.452087,37.48054],[-122.472388,37.50054],[-122.493789,37.492341],[-122.499289,37.495341],[-122.516689,37.52134],[-122.519533,37.537302],[-122.513688,37.552239],[-122.517187,37.590637],[-122.501386,37.599637],[-122.494085,37.644035],[-122.496784,37.686433],[-122.514483,37.780829],[-122.50531,37.788312],[-122.485783,37.790629],[-122.478083,37.810828],[-122.463793,37.804653],[-122.407452,37.811441],[-122.398139,37.80563],[-122.385323,37.790724],[-122.375854,37.734979],[-122.356784,37.729505],[-122.361749,37.71501],[-122.370411,37.717572],[-122.391374,37.708331],[-122.387626,37.67906],[-122.374291,37.662206],[-122.3756,37.652389],[-122.387381,37.648462],[-122.386072,37.637662],[-122.35531,37.615736],[-122.358583,37.611155],[-122.373309,37.613773],[-122.378545,37.605592],[-122.360219,37.592501],[-122.317676,37.590865],[-122.305895,37.575484],[-122.262698,37.572866],[-122.214264,37.538505],[-122.196593,37.537196],[-122.194957,37.522469],[-122.168449,37.504143],[-122.155686,37.501198],[-122.140142,37.507907],[-122.127706,37.500053],[-122.111344,37.50758],[-122.111998,37.528851],[-122.147014,37.588411],[-122.145378,37.600846],[-122.152905,37.640771],[-122.163049,37.667933],[-122.246826,37.72193],[-122.257953,37.739601],[-122.257134,37.745001],[-122.242638,37.753744],[-122.253753,37.761218],[-122.293996,37.770416],[-122.330963,37.786035],[-122.33555,37.799538],[-122.333711,37.809797],[-122.323567,37.823214],[-122.303931,37.830087],[-122.301313,37.847758],[-122.310477,37.873938],[-122.309986,37.892755],[-122.32373,37.905845],[-122.33453,37.908791],[-122.35711,37.908791],[-122.367582,37.903882],[-122.385908,37.908136],[-122.39049,37.922535],[-122.413725,37.937262],[-122.430087,37.963115],[-122.415361,37.963115],[-122.399832,37.956009],[-122.367582,37.978168],[-122.361905,37.989991],[-122.367909,38.01253],[-122.340093,38.003694],[-122.321112,38.012857],[-122.300823,38.010893],[-122.283478,38.022674],[-122.262861,38.0446],[-122.273006,38.07438],[-122.314567,38.115287],[-122.366273,38.141467],[-122.39638,38.149976],[-122.403514,38.150624],[-122.409798,38.136231],[-122.439577,38.116923],[-122.454958,38.118887],[-122.489974,38.112014],[-122.483757,38.071762],[-122.499465,38.032165],[-122.497828,38.019402],[-122.481466,38.007621],[-122.462812,38.003367],[-122.452995,37.996167],[-122.448413,37.984713],[-122.456595,37.978823],[-122.471975,37.981768],[-122.488665,37.966714],[-122.487684,37.948716],[-122.479175,37.941516],[-122.48572,37.937589],[-122.499465,37.939225],[-122.503064,37.928753],[-122.478193,37.918608],[-122.471975,37.910427],[-122.472303,37.902573],[-122.458558,37.894064],[-122.448413,37.89341],[-122.438268,37.880974],[-122.45005,37.871157],[-122.462158,37.868866],[-122.480811,37.873448],[-122.479151,37.825428],[-122.505383,37.822128],[-122.548986,37.836227],[-122.561487,37.851827],[-122.584289,37.859227],[-122.60129,37.875126],[-122.656519,37.904519],[-122.682171,37.90645],[-122.70264,37.89382],[-122.727297,37.904626],[-122.736898,37.925825],[-122.766138,37.938004],[-122.783244,37.951334],[-122.797405,37.976657],[-122.821383,37.996735],[-122.856573,38.016717],[-122.882114,38.025273],[-122.939711,38.031908],[-122.956811,38.02872],[-122.981776,38.009119],[-122.97439,37.992429],[-123.024066,37.994878],[-123.011533,38.003438],[-122.99242,38.041758],[-122.960889,38.112962],[-122.949074,38.15406],[-122.953629,38.17567],[-122.965408,38.187113],[-122.968112,38.202428],[-122.993959,38.237602],[-122.968569,38.242879],[-122.967203,38.250691],[-122.977082,38.267902],[-122.986319,38.273164],[-123.002911,38.295708],[-123.024333,38.310573],[-123.038742,38.313576],[-123.051061,38.310693],[-123.053504,38.299385],[-123.063671,38.302178],[-123.074684,38.322574],[-123.068437,38.33521],[-123.068265,38.359865],[-123.128825,38.450418],[-123.202277,38.494314],[-123.249797,38.511045],[-123.287156,38.540223],[-123.331899,38.565542],[-123.343338,38.590008],[-123.371876,38.607235],[-123.398166,38.647044],[-123.441774,38.699744],[-123.461291,38.717001],[-123.514784,38.741966],[-123.541837,38.776764],[-123.579856,38.802835],[-123.58638,38.802857],[-123.605317,38.822765],[-123.647387,38.845472],[-123.659846,38.872529],[-123.71054,38.91323],[-123.725367,38.917438],[-123.726315,38.936367],[-123.738886,38.95412],[-123.729053,38.956667],[-123.711149,38.977316],[-123.6969,39.004401],[-123.690095,39.031157],[-123.693969,39.057363],[-123.713392,39.108422],[-123.721505,39.125327],[-123.737913,39.143442],[-123.742221,39.164885],[-123.765891,39.193657],[-123.774998,39.212083],[-123.777368,39.237214],[-123.787893,39.264327],[-123.803848,39.278771],[-123.803081,39.291747],[-123.811387,39.312825],[-123.808772,39.324368],[-123.822085,39.343857],[-123.826306,39.36871],[-123.81469,39.446538],[-123.766475,39.552803],[-123.787417,39.604552],[-123.782322,39.621486],[-123.792659,39.684122],[-123.808208,39.710715],[-123.829545,39.723071],[-123.838089,39.752409],[-123.839797,39.795637],[-123.851714,39.832041],[-123.907664,39.863028],[-123.930047,39.909697],[-123.954952,39.922373],[-123.980031,39.962458],[-124.035904,40.013319],[-124.056408,40.024305],[-124.068908,40.021307],[-124.079983,40.029773],[-124.080709,40.06611],[-124.110549,40.103765],[-124.187874,40.130542],[-124.214895,40.160902],[-124.296497,40.208816],[-124.320912,40.226617],[-124.327691,40.23737],[-124.34307,40.243979],[-124.363414,40.260974],[-124.363634,40.276212],[-124.347853,40.314634],[-124.362796,40.350046],[-124.365357,40.374855],[-124.373599,40.392923],[-124.391496,40.407047],[-124.409591,40.438076],[-124.38494,40.48982],[-124.383224,40.499852],[-124.387023,40.504954],[-124.382816,40.519],[-124.329404,40.61643],[-124.158322,40.876069],[-124.137066,40.925732],[-124.118147,40.989263],[-124.112165,41.028173],[-124.125448,41.048504],[-124.138217,41.054342],[-124.153622,41.05355],[-124.154513,41.087159],[-124.160556,41.099011],[-124.159065,41.121957],[-124.165414,41.129822],[-124.158539,41.143021],[-124.149674,41.140845],[-124.1438,41.144686],[-124.106986,41.229678],[-124.072294,41.374844],[-124.063076,41.439579],[-124.066057,41.470258],[-124.081427,41.511228],[-124.081987,41.547761],[-124.092404,41.553615],[-124.101123,41.569192],[-124.097385,41.585251],[-124.100961,41.602499],[-124.114413,41.616768],[-124.120225,41.640354],[-124.135552,41.657307],[-124.147412,41.717955],[-124.164716,41.740126],[-124.17739,41.745756],[-124.194953,41.736778],[-124.23972,41.7708],[-124.248704,41.771459],[-124.255994,41.783014],[-124.245027,41.7923],[-124.230678,41.818681],[-124.208439,41.888192],[-124.203402,41.940964],[-124.204948,41.983441],[-124.211605,41.99846],[-123.656998,41.995137],[-123.624554,41.999837],[-123.347562,41.999108],[-123.145959,42.009247],[-123.045254,42.003049],[-122.893961,42.002605],[-122.289533,42.007764]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"California\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conkling, Tara J 0000-0003-1926-8106","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1926-8106","contributorId":223427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conkling","given":"Tara J","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vander Zanden, Hannah B.","contributorId":138885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vander Zanden","given":"Hannah","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":12562,"text":"Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah; Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research, University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":785025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poessel, Sharon A. 0000-0002-0283-627X spoessel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0283-627X","contributorId":168465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poessel","given":"Sharon","email":"spoessel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":785026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loss, Scott R.","contributorId":140471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loss","given":"Scott R.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":785027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allison, Taber D","contributorId":223428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allison","given":"Taber","email":"","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[{"id":39329,"text":"American Wind Wildlife Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":785028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Diffendorfer, James E. 0000-0003-1093-6948 jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-6948","contributorId":3208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"James E.","email":"jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":785029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Duerr, Adam E.","contributorId":190590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duerr","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16210,"text":"Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":785030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nelson, David M.","contributorId":175098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13479,"text":"University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Appalachian Laboratory,  301 Braddock Road, Frostburg, Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":785031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Yee, Julie L","contributorId":223429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yee","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Katzner, Todd E. 0000-0003-4503-8435 tkatzner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-8435","contributorId":191353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzner","given":"Todd E.","email":"tkatzner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":785023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
]}