Methods for assessing the long-term toxicity of sediments to Hyalella azteca and Chironomus tentans can significantly enhance the capacity to assess sublethal effects of contaminated sediments through multiple endpoints. Sublethal tests allow us to begin to understand the relationship between short-term and long-term effects for toxic sediments. We present an interlaboratory evaluation with long-term and 10-d tests using control and contaminated sediments in which we assess whether proposed and existing performance criteria (test acceptability criteria [TAC]) could be achieved. Laboratories became familiar with newly developed, long-term protocols by testing two control sediments in phase 1. In phase 2, the 10-d and long-term tests were examined with several sediments. Laboratories met the TACs, but results varied depending on the test organism, test duration, and endpoints. For the long-term tests in phase 1, 66 to 100% of the laboratories consistently met the TACs for survival, growth, or reproduction using H. azteca, and 70 to 100% of the laboratories met the TACs for survival and growth, emergence, reproduction, and hatchability using C. tentans. In phase 2, fewer laboratories participated in long-term tests: 71 to 88% of the laboratories met the TAC for H. azteca, whereas 50 to 67% met the TAC for C. tentans. In the 10-d tests with H. azteca, and C. tentans, 82 and 88% of the laboratories met the TAC for survival, respectively, and 80% met the TAC for C. tentans growth. For the 10-d and long-term tests, laboratories predicted similar toxicity. Overall, the interlaboratory evaluation showed good precision of the methods, appropriate endpoints were incorporated into the test protocols, and tests effectively predicted the toxicity of sediments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1897/05-044R2.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Norberg-King, T., Sibley, P., Burton, G., Ingersoll, C., Kemble, N., Ireland, S., Mount, D., and Rowland, C., 2006, Interlaboratory evaluation of Hyalella azteca and Chironomus tentans short-term and long-term sediment toxicity tests: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 25, no. 10, p. 2662-2674, https://doi.org/10.1897/05-044R2.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2662","endPage":"2674","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210281,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/05-044R2.1"}],"volume":"25","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d25e4b0c8380cd63331","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norberg-King, T. J.","contributorId":92385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norberg-King","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sibley, P.K.","contributorId":66469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibley","given":"P.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burton, G.A.","contributorId":63910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kemble, N.E.","contributorId":28028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemble","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ireland, S.","contributorId":37141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ireland","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mount, D.R.","contributorId":13774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mount","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rowland, C.D.","contributorId":106693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70028243,"text":"70028243 - 2006 - New insights into Arctic paleogeography and tectonics from U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-29T16:34:08","indexId":"70028243","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New insights into Arctic paleogeography and tectonics from U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology","docAbstract":"To test existing models for the formation of the Amerasian Basin, detrital zircon suites from 12 samples of Triassic sandstone from the circum-Arctic region were dated by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The northern Verkhoyansk (NE Russia) has Permo-Carboniferous (265-320 Ma) and Cambro-Silurian (410-505 Ma) zircon populations derived via river systems from the active Baikal Mountain region along the southern Siberian craton. Chukotka, Wrangel Island (Russia), and the Lisburne Hills (western Alaska) also have Permo-Carboniferous (280-330 Ma) and late Precambrian-Silurian (420-580 Ma) zircons in addition to Permo-Triassic (235-265 Ma), Devonian (340-390 Ma), and late Precambrian (1000-1300 Ma) zircons. These ages suggest at least partial derivation from the Taimyr, Siberian Trap, and/ or east Urals regions of Arctic Russia. The northerly derived Ivishak Formation (Sadlerochit Mountains, Alaska) and Pat Bay Formation (Sverdrup Basin, Canada) are dominated by Cambrian-latest Precambrian (500-600 Ma) and 445-490 Ma zircons. Permo-Carboniferous and Permo-Triassic zircons are absent. The Bjorne Formation (Sverdrup Basin), derived from the south, differs from other samples studied with mostly 1130-1240 Ma and older Precambrian zircons in addition to 430-470 Ma zircons. The most popular tectonic model for the origin of the Amerasian Basin involves counterclockwise rotation of the Arctic Alaska-Chukotka microplate away from the Canadian Arctic margin. The detrital zircon data suggest that the Chukotka part of the microplate originated closer to the Taimyr and Verkhoyansk, east of the Polar Urals of Russia, and not from the Canadian Arctic. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005TC001830","issn":"02787407","usgsCitation":"Miller, E.L., Toro, J., Gehrels, G., Amato, J., Prokopiev, A., Tuchkova, M., Akinin, V., Dumitru, T., Moore, T., and Cecile, M., 2006, New insights into Arctic paleogeography and tectonics from U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology: Tectonics, v. 25, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005TC001830.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477546,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005tc001830","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236813,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210021,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005TC001830"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a65d9e4b0c8380cd72c65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, E. L.","contributorId":75583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Toro, J.","contributorId":88502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toro","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gehrels, G.","contributorId":81685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gehrels","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amato, J.M.","contributorId":63214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amato","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Prokopiev, A.","contributorId":14182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prokopiev","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tuchkova, M.I.","contributorId":75744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuchkova","given":"M.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Akinin, V.V.","contributorId":49583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akinin","given":"V.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dumitru, T.A.","contributorId":24973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumitru","given":"T.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Moore, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0878-0457","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-0457","contributorId":85592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Thomas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Cecile, M.P.","contributorId":83324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecile","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70028245,"text":"70028245 - 2006 - Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the basin and range province in northwestern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028245","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the basin and range province in northwestern Nevada","docAbstract":"A regional synthesis of new and existing geologic and thermochronologic data document late Cretaceous - early Cenozoic regional erosion, Oligocene - Miocene volcanism, and subsequent late Miocene extension of the Basin and Range Province in northwestern Nevada and northeastern California. Across an ???220-km-wide region between the Santa Rosa and Warner Ranges, conformable sequences of 35 to 15 Ma volcanic rocks are cut by only a single generation of high-angle normal faults that accommodated ???23 km of total east-west extension (???12%). Fission-track, (U-Th)/He, geologic, and structural data from the Pine Forest Range show that faulting there began at 11 to 12 Ma, progressed at a relatively constant rate until at least 3 Ma, and has continued until near the present time. Extension in the Santa Rosa Range to the east took place during the same interval, although the post-6 Ma part of this history is less well constrained. Less complete constraints from adjacent ranges permit a similar timing for faulting, and we infer that extensional faulting in northwestern Nevada began everywhere at 12 Ma and has continued up to the present. Faulting in the Warner Range in northeastern California can only be constrained to have begun between 14 and 3 Ma, but may represent westward migration of Basin and Range extension during the Pliocene. Compared to the many parts of the Basin and Range in central and southern Nevada, extension in northwestern Nevada began more recently, is of lesser total magnitude, and was accommodated entirely by high-angle normal faults. Fission-track data document Late Cretaceous unroofing of Cretaceous (115 - 100 Ma) granitic basement rocks in northwestern Nevada, followed by a long period of relative tectonic quiescence that persisted through Oligocene and Miocene volcanism until the onset of Basin and Range extension at ???12 Ma. The low magnitude of extension (12%) and early Tertiary stability suggest that the modern ???31 km thick crust in northwestern Nevada was only slightly thicker (???35 km) prior to extension at 12 Ma, and was no thicker than ???38 km in the Late Cretaceous. This stands in contrast to other parts of the Basin and Range, where the crust was thickened to at least 45 to 50 km by Cretaceous thrusting and subsequently thinned to ???30 km by large magnitude (>50%) extension.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Journal of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2475/08.2006.02","issn":"00029599","usgsCitation":"Colgan, J., Dumitru, T., Reiners, P., Wooden, J.L., and Miller, E.L., 2006, Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the basin and range province in northwestern Nevada: American Journal of Science, v. 306, no. 8, p. 616-654, https://doi.org/10.2475/08.2006.02.","startPage":"616","endPage":"654","numberOfPages":"39","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477367,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/08.2006.02","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":210047,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2475/08.2006.02"},{"id":236847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"306","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f3e8e4b0c8380cd4ba19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colgan, J.P.","contributorId":71678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colgan","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dumitru, T.A.","contributorId":24973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumitru","given":"T.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reiners, P.W.","contributorId":34241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiners","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, E. L.","contributorId":75583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028246,"text":"70028246 - 2006 - Distribution of hydrothermally altered rocks in the Reko Diq, Pakistan mineralized area based on spectral analysis of ASTER data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028246","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of hydrothermally altered rocks in the Reko Diq, Pakistan mineralized area based on spectral analysis of ASTER data","docAbstract":"The Reko Diq, Pakistan mineralized study area, approximately 10??km in diameter, is underlain by a central zone of hydrothermally altered rocks associated with Cu-Au mineralization. The surrounding country rocks are a variable mixture of unaltered volcanic rocks, fluvial deposits, and eolian quartz sand. Analysis of 15-band Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data of the study area, aided by laboratory spectral reflectance and spectral emittance measurements of field samples, shows that phyllically altered rocks are laterally extensive, and contain localized areas of argillically altered rocks. In the visible through shortwave-infrared (VNIR + SWIR) phyllically altered rocks are characterized by Al-OH absorption in ASTER band 6 because of molecular vibrations in muscovite, whereas argillically altered rocks have an absorption feature in band 5 resulting from alunite. Propylitically altered rocks form a peripheral zone and are present in scattered exposures within the main altered area. Chlorite and muscovite cause distinctive absorption features at 2.33 and 2.20????m, respectively, although less intense 2.33????m absorption is also present in image spectra of country rocks. Important complementary lithologic information was derived by analysis of the spectral emittance data in the 5 thermal-infrared (TIR) bands. Silicified rocks were not distinguished in the 9 VNIR + SWIR bands because of the lack of diagnostic spectral absorption features in quartz in this wavelength region. Quartz-bearing surficial deposits, as well as hydrothermally silicified rocks, were mapped in the TIR bands by using a band 13/band 12 ratio image, which is sensitive to the intensity of the quartz reststrahlen feature. Improved distinction between the quartzose surficial deposits and silicified bedrock was achieved by using matched-filter processing with TIR image spectra for reference. ?? 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing of Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2006.05.014","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Rowan, L.C., Schmidt, R.G., and Mars, J., 2006, Distribution of hydrothermally altered rocks in the Reko Diq, Pakistan mineralized area based on spectral analysis of ASTER data: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 104, no. 1, p. 74-87, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.05.014.","startPage":"74","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210048,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.05.014"},{"id":236848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02dae4b0c8380cd50217","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, L. C.","contributorId":40584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, R. G.","contributorId":107690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mars, J.C.","contributorId":74833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mars","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028249,"text":"70028249 - 2006 - Adequacy of selected evapotranspiration approximations for hydrologic simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028249","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adequacy of selected evapotranspiration approximations for hydrologic simulation","docAbstract":"Evapotranspiration (ET) approximations, usually based on computed potential ET (PET) and diverse PET-to-ET conceptualizations, are routinely used in hydrologic analyses. This study presents an approach to incorporate measured (actual) ET data, increasingly available using micrometeorological methods, to define the adequacy of ET approximations for hydrologic simulation. The approach is demonstrated at a site where eddy correlation-measured ET values were available. A baseline hydrologic model incorporating measured ET values was used to evaluate the sensitivity of simulated water levels, subsurface recharge, and surface runoff to error in four ET approximations. An annually invariant pattern of mean monthly vegetation coefficients was shown to be most effective, despite the substantial year-to-year variation in measured vegetation coefficients. The temporal variability of available water (precipitation minus ET) at the humid, subtropical site was largely controlled by the relatively high temporal variability of precipitation, benefiting the effectiveness of coarse ET approximations, a result that is likely to prevail at other humid sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb04486.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Sumner, D.M., 2006, Adequacy of selected evapotranspiration approximations for hydrologic simulation: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 42, no. 3, p. 699-711, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb04486.x.","startPage":"699","endPage":"711","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210099,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb04486.x"},{"id":236917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6f3e4b0c8380cd47748","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sumner, D. M.","contributorId":100827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumner","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70028128,"text":"70028128 - 2006 - Age model for a continuous, ca 250-ka Quaternary lacustrine record from Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-16T09:04:24","indexId":"70028128","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age model for a continuous, ca 250-ka Quaternary lacustrine record from Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho","docAbstract":"The Quaternary sediments sampled by continuous 120-m-long drill cores from Bear Lake (Utah-Idaho) comprise one of the longest lacustrine sequences recovered from an extant lake. The cores serve as a good case study for the construction of an age model for sequences that extend beyond the range of radiocarbon dating. From a variety of potential age indicators, we selected a combination of radiocarbon ages, one magnetic excursion (correlated to a standard sequence), and a single Uranium-series age to develop an initial data set. The reliability of the excursion and U-series data require consideration of their position with respect to sediments of inferred interglacial character, but not direct correlation with other paleoclimate records. Data omitted from the age model include amino acid age estimates, which have a large amount of scatter, and tephrochronology correlations, which have relatively large uncertainties.
\nBecause the initial data set was restricted to the upper half of the BL00-1 core, we inferred additional ages by direct correlation to the independently dated paleoclimate record from Devils Hole. We developed an age model for the entire core using statistical methods that consider both the uncertainties of the original data and that of the curve-fitting process, with a combination of our initial data set and the climate correlations as control points. This age model represents our best estimate of the chronology of deposition in Bear Lake. Because the age model contains assumptions about the correlation of Bear Lake to other climate records, the model cannot be used to address some paleoclimate questions, such as phase relationships with other areas.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.10.015","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Colman, S.M., Kaufman, D.S., Bright, J., Heil, C., King, J., Dean, W., Rosenbaum, J.G., Forester, R.M., Bischoff, J.L., Perkins, M., and McGeehin, J., 2006, Age model for a continuous, ca 250-ka Quaternary lacustrine record from Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 25, no. 17-18, p. 2271-2282, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.10.015.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2271","endPage":"2282","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487567,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/gsofacpubs/1723","text":"External Repository"},{"id":237126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210257,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.10.015"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Bear Lake","volume":"25","issue":"17-18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8ece4b0c8380cd47f95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colman, Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":416670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaufman, D. S.","contributorId":18006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaufman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bright, Jordon","contributorId":63981,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bright","given":"Jordon","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":416667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heil, C.","contributorId":68954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heil","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"King, J.W.","contributorId":19265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rosenbaum, J. G.","contributorId":96685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbaum","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Forester, R. M.","contributorId":76332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forester","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bischoff, J. L.","contributorId":28969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Perkins, Marie","contributorId":22957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perkins","given":"Marie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"McGeehin, J. P. 0000-0002-5320-6091","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-6091","contributorId":48593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70028303,"text":"70028303 - 2006 - The legacy of leaded gasoline in bottom sediment of small rural reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70028303","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The legacy of leaded gasoline in bottom sediment of small rural reservoirs","docAbstract":"The historical and ongoing lead (Pb) contamination caused by the 20th-century use of leaded gasoline was investigated by an analysis of bottom sediment in eight small rural reservoirs in eastern Kansas, USA. For the reservoirs that were completed before or during the period of maximum Pb emissions from vehicles (i.e., the 1940s through the early 1980s) and that had a major highway in the basin, increased Pb concentrations reflected the pattern of historical leaded gasoline use. For at least some of these reservoirs, residual Pb is still being delivered from the basins. There was no evidence of increased Pb deposition for the reservoirs completed after the period of peak Pb emissions and (or) located in relatively remote areas with little or no highway traffic. Results indicated that several factors affected the magnitude and variability of Pb concentrations in reservoir sediment including traffic volume, reservoir age, and basin size. The increased Pb concentrations at four reservoirs exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency threshold-effects level (30.2 mg kg-1) and frequently exceeded a consensus-based threshold-effects concentration (35.8 mg kg-1) for possible adverse biological effects. For two reservoirs it was estimated that it will take at least 20 to 70 yr for Pb in the newly deposited sediment to return to baseline (pre-1920s) concentrations (30 mg kg-1) following the phase out of leaded gasoline. The buried sediment with elevated Pb concentrations may pose a future environmental concern if the reservoirs are dredged, the dams are removed, or the dams fail. ?? ASA, CSSA, SSSA.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2006.0128","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., and Ziegler, A., 2006, The legacy of leaded gasoline in bottom sediment of small rural reservoirs: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 35, no. 6, p. 2092-2102, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0128.","startPage":"2092","endPage":"2102","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210318,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0128"},{"id":237203,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad8be4b08c986b323cab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juracek, K. E. 0000-0002-2102-8980","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":44570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ziegler, A.C.","contributorId":74398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70028164,"text":"70028164 - 2006 - Effect of H2 and redox condition on biotic and abiotic MTBE transformation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T08:43:28","indexId":"70028164","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of H2 and redox condition on biotic and abiotic MTBE transformation","docAbstract":"Laboratory studies conducted with surface water sediment from a methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)-contaminated site in South Carolina demonstrated that, under methanogenic conditions, [U-14C] MTBE was transformed to 14C tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) with no measurable production of 14CO2. Production of TBA was not attributed to the activity of methanogenic microorganisms, however, because comparable transformation of [U-14C] MTBE to 14C-TBA also was observed in heat-sterilized controls with dissolved H2 concentrations > 5 nM. The results suggest that the transformation of MTBE to TBA may be an abiotic process that is driven by biologically produced H2 under in situ conditions. In contrast, mineralization of [U-14C] MTBE to 14CO2 was completely inhibited by heat sterilization and only observed in treatments characterized by dissolved H2 concentrations < 2 nM. These results suggest that the pathway of MTBE transformation is influenced by in situ H2 concentrations and that in situ H2 concentrations may be an useful indicator of MTBE transformation pathways in ground water systems.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00119.x","issn":"10693629","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P., Chapelle, F.H., and Landmeyer, J., 2006, Effect of H2 and redox condition on biotic and abiotic MTBE transformation: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 26, no. 4, p. 74-81, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00119.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"74","endPage":"81","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210310,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2006.00119.x"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05b6e4b0c8380cd50f04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landmeyer, J. E.","contributorId":91140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028300,"text":"70028300 - 2006 - Estimated sand and gravel resources of the South Merrimack, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, 7.5-minute quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:53","indexId":"70028300","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimated sand and gravel resources of the South Merrimack, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, 7.5-minute quadrangle","docAbstract":"A computer methodology is presented that allows natural aggregate producers, local governmental, and nongovernmental planners to define specific locations that may have sand and gravel deposits meeting user-specified minimum size, thickness, and geographic and geologic criteria, in areas where the surficial geology has been mapped. As an example, the surficial geologic map of the South Merrimack quadrangle was digitized and several digital geographic information system databases were downloaded from the internet and used to estimate the sand and gravel resources in the quadrangle. More than 41 percent of the South Merrimack quadrangle has been mapped as having sand and (or) gravel deposited by glacial meltwaters. These glaciofluvial areas are estimated to contain a total of 10 million m3 of material mapped as gravel, 60 million m3 of material mapped as mixed sand and gravel, and another 50 million m3 of material mapped as sand with minor silt. The mean thickness of these areas is about 1.95 meters. Twenty tracts were selected, each having individual areas of more than about 14 acres4 (5.67 hectares) of stratified glacial-meltwater sand and gravel deposits, at least 10-feet (3.0 m) of material above the watertable, and not sterilized by the proximity of buildings, roads, streams and other bodies of water, or railroads. The 20 tracts are estimated to contain between about 4 and 10 million short tons (st) of gravel and 20 and 30 million st of sand. The five most gravel-rich tracts contain about 71 to 82 percent of the gravel resources in all 20 tracts and about 54-56 percent of the sand. Using this methodology, and the above criteria, a group of four tracts, divided by narrow areas sterilized by a small stream and secondary roads, may have the highest potential in the quadrangle for sand and gravel resources. ?? Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11053-006-9021-6","issn":"15207439","usgsCitation":"Sutphin, D.M., Drew, L., and Fowler, B., 2006, Estimated sand and gravel resources of the South Merrimack, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, 7.5-minute quadrangle: Natural Resources Research, v. 15, no. 3, p. 183-203, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-006-9021-6.","startPage":"183","endPage":"203","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210290,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11053-006-9021-6"},{"id":237168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0aa1e4b0c8380cd523fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sutphin, D. M.","contributorId":27424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutphin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drew, L.J.","contributorId":69157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fowler, B.K.","contributorId":82883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70028299,"text":"70028299 - 2006 - Ichthyophonus-induced cardiac damage: a mechanism for reduced swimming stamina in salmonids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T14:39:04","indexId":"70028299","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ichthyophonus-induced cardiac damage: a mechanism for reduced swimming stamina in salmonids","docAbstract":"Swimming stamina, measured as time-to-fatigue, was reduced by approximately two-thirds in rainbow trout experimentally infected with Ichthyophonus. Intensity of Ichthyophonus infection was most severe in cardiac muscle but multiple organs were infected to a lesser extent. The mean heart weight of infected fish was 40% greater than that of uninfected fish, the result of parasite biomass, infiltration of immune cells and fibrotic (granuloma) tissue surrounding the parasite. Diminished swimming stamina is hypothesized to be due to cardiac failure resulting from the combination of parasite-damaged heart muscle and low myocardial oxygen supply during sustained aerobic exercise. Loss of stamina in Ichthyophonus-infected salmonids could explain the poor performance previously reported for wild Chinook and sockeye salmon stocks during their spawning migration. ?? 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2761.2006.00745.x","issn":"01407775","usgsCitation":"Kocan, R., LaPatra, S., Gregg, J., Winton, J., and Hershberger, P., 2006, Ichthyophonus-induced cardiac damage: a mechanism for reduced swimming stamina in salmonids: Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 29, no. 9, p. 521-527, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2006.00745.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"521","endPage":"527","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477605,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.549.8084","text":"External Repository"},{"id":210269,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2006.00745.x"},{"id":237138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3802e4b0c8380cd61377","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kocan, R.","contributorId":95665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocan","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaPatra, S.","contributorId":29641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPatra","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gregg, J.","contributorId":27662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winton, J.","contributorId":55627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hershberger, P.","contributorId":64826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70028263,"text":"70028263 - 2006 - Homogeneity of small-scale earthquake faulting, stress, and fault strength","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028263","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Homogeneity of small-scale earthquake faulting, stress, and fault strength","docAbstract":"Small-scale faulting at seismogenic depths in the crust appears to be more homogeneous than previously thought. I study three new high-quality focal-mechanism datasets of small (M < ??? 3) earthquakes in southern California, the east San Francisco Bay, and the aftershock sequence of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. I quantify the degree of mechanism variability on a range of length scales by comparing the hypocentral disctance between every pair of events and the angular difference between their focal mechanisms. Closely spaced earthquakes (interhypocentral distance To investigate the transport and fate of fecal pollution at Great Lakes beaches and the health risks associated with swimming, the near-shore waters of Lake Michigan and two tributaries discharging into it were examined for bacterial indicators of human fecal pollution. The enterococcus human fecal pollution marker, which targets a putative virulence factor![\"\"](\"http://pubs.acs.org/entityImage/legacy/sbd.gif\")
the enterococcal surface protein (esp) in Enterococcus faecium, was detected in 2/28 samples (7%) in the tributaries draining into Lake Michigan and in 6/30 samples (20%) in Lake Michigan beaches. This was indicative of human fecal pollution being transported in the tributaries and occurrence at Lake Michigan beaches. To understand the relative importance of different processes influencing pollution transport and inactivation, a finite-element model of surf-zone hydrodynamics (coupled with models for temperature, E. coli and enterococci) was used. Enterococci appear to survive longer than E. coli, which was described using an overall first-order inactivation coefficient in the range 0.5−2.0 per day. Our analysis suggests that the majority of fecal indicator bacteria variation can be explained based on loadings from the tributaries. Sunlight is a major contributor to inactivation in the surf-zone and the formulation based on sunlight, temperature and sedimentation is preferred over the first-order inactivation formulation.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es060438k","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Liu, L., Phanikumar, M., Molloy, S., Whitman, R., Shively, D., Nevers, M., Schwab, D., and Rose, J., 2006, Modeling the transport and inactivation of E. coli and enterococci in the near-shore region of Lake Michigan: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 16, p. 5022-5028, https://doi.org/10.1021/es060438k.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"5022","endPage":"5028","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":237127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210258,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es060438k"}],"volume":"40","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c54e4b0c8380cd6fbe1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, L.","contributorId":18481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phanikumar, M.S.","contributorId":83328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phanikumar","given":"M.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Molloy, S.L.","contributorId":51527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molloy","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitman, R.L.","contributorId":69750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shively, D.A.","contributorId":78123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nevers, M.B.","contributorId":13787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevers","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schwab, D.J.","contributorId":23730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rose, J.B.","contributorId":60825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70028122,"text":"70028122 - 2006 - Temperature and kairomone induced life history plasticity in coexisting Daphnia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028122","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":863,"text":"Aquatic Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature and kairomone induced life history plasticity in coexisting Daphnia","docAbstract":"We investigated the life history alterations of coexisting Daphnia species responding to environmental temperature and predator cues. In a laboratory experiment, we measured Daphnia life history plasticity under different predation risk and temperature treatments that simulate changing environmental conditions. Daphnia pulicaria abundance and size at first reproduction (SFR) declined, while ephippia (resting egg) formation increased at high temperatures. Daphnia mendotae abundance and clutch size increased with predation risk at high temperatures, but produced few ephippia. Thus, each species exhibited phenotypic plasticity, but responded in sharply different ways to the same environmental cues. In Glen Elder reservoir, Kansas USA, D. pulicaria dominance shifted to D. mendotae dominance as temperature and predation risk increased from March to June in both 1999 and 2000. Field estimates of life history shifts mirrored the laboratory experiment results, suggesting that similar phenotypic responses to seasonal cues contribute to seasonal Daphnia population trends. These results illustrate species-specific differences in life history plasticity among coexisting zooplankton taxa. ?? Springer-Verlag 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10452-006-9035-5","issn":"13862588","usgsCitation":"Bernot, R.J., Dodds, W.K., Quist, M., and Guy, C., 2006, Temperature and kairomone induced life history plasticity in coexisting Daphnia: Aquatic Ecology, v. 40, no. 3, p. 361-372, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10452-006-9035-5.","startPage":"361","endPage":"372","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210175,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10452-006-9035-5"}],"volume":"40","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4b9e4b08c986b320534","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bernot, R. J.","contributorId":18563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernot","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dodds, W. K.","contributorId":21297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dodds","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quist, M.C. 0000-0001-8268-1839","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-1839","contributorId":62805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guy, C.S.","contributorId":59160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70028285,"text":"70028285 - 2006 - Hibernating bears as a model for preventing disuse osteoporosis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:44","indexId":"70028285","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2197,"text":"Journal of Biomechanics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hibernating bears as a model for preventing disuse osteoporosis","docAbstract":"The hibernating bear is an excellent model for disuse osteoporosis in humans because it is a naturally occurring large animal model. Furthermore, bears and humans have similar lower limb skeletal morphology, and bears walk plantigrade like humans. Black bears (Ursus americanus) may not develop disuse osteoporosis during long periods of disuse (i.e. hibernation) because they maintain osteoblastic bone formation during hibernation. As a consequence, bone volume, mineral content, porosity, and strength are not adversely affected by annual periods of disuse. In fact, cortical bone bending strength has been shown to increase with age in hibernating black bears without a significant change in porosity. Other animals require remobilization periods 2-3 times longer than the immobilization period to recover the bone lost during disuse. Our findings support the hypothesis that black bears, which hibernate for as long as 5-7 months annually, have evolved biological mechanisms to mitigate the adverse effects of disuse on bone porosity and strength. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Biomechanics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.03.030","issn":"00219290","usgsCitation":"Donahue, S., McGee, M., Harvey, K., Vaughan, M., and Robbins, C., 2006, Hibernating bears as a model for preventing disuse osteoporosis: Journal of Biomechanics, v. 39, no. 8, p. 1480-1488, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.03.030.","startPage":"1480","endPage":"1488","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210101,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.03.030"},{"id":236920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3097e4b0c8380cd5d78f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donahue, S.W.","contributorId":55619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donahue","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGee, M.E.","contributorId":11819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvey, K.B.","contributorId":11820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vaughan, M.R.","contributorId":74925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughan","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robbins, C.T.","contributorId":58444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70028268,"text":"70028268 - 2006 - Groundwater flow and velocity in a 500 ka pre-Illinoian till, eastern Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028268","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater flow and velocity in a 500 ka pre-Illinoian till, eastern Iowa","docAbstract":"Few hydrology studies have investigated glacial till older than Illinoian time (> 300,000 BP) despite these older tills overlying a large portion of North America. An 8- and 6-well monitoring well nest installed into a 31 m thick pre-Illinoian till sequence near Cedar Rapids, Iowa was characterized using traditional hydrologic methods and chemical tracers. The aquitard system consists of about 9 m of fine-grained oxidized pre-Illinoian till overlying 22 m of unoxidized till and Devonian dolomite bedrock. Hydraulic conductivity ranged from 10-7 m/s in oxidized till and 10-10 m/s in unoxidized till. Hydraulic head relations indicated downward groundwater flow through the till profile with hydraulic gradients steepest near the unoxidized till/bedrock interface. Tritium and nitrate concentrations indicated recent (< 50 years old) recharge to a depth of 9-12 m below land surface. 18O and 2H results ranged between -6.2 to -7.9% and -38.0 to -50.9%, respectively, and plotted near the local Meteoric Water Line. A 1 per mil shift toward less negative 18O values with depth may suggest a climate change signal contained in the till water but more data are needed to verify this trend. Vertical groundwater velocity through the unoxidized till was estimated to range from 0.4 to 5.7 cm/year. The thickness of unoxidized pre-Illinoian till in Linn County was estimated from available records and contoured against vertical travel times to evaluate the effectiveness of pre-Illinoian till in preventing nitrate migration to underlying bedrock aquifers. ?? Springer-Verlag 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00254-006-0299-9","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Schilling, K.E., and Tassier-Surine, S., 2006, Groundwater flow and velocity in a 500 ka pre-Illinoian till, eastern Iowa: Environmental Geology, v. 50, no. 8, p. 1255-1264, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0299-9.","startPage":"1255","endPage":"1264","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210343,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0299-9"},{"id":237236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2d9fe4b0c8380cd5bf61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, K. E.","contributorId":61982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tassier-Surine, S.","contributorId":77724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tassier-Surine","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70028270,"text":"70028270 - 2006 - Modeling regional initiation of rainfall-induced shallow landslides in the eastern Umbria Region of central Italy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:52","indexId":"70028270","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2604,"text":"Landslides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling regional initiation of rainfall-induced shallow landslides in the eastern Umbria Region of central Italy","docAbstract":"We model the rainfall-induced initiation of shallow landslides over a broad region using a deterministic approach, the Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-based Slope-stability (TRIGRS) model that couples an infinite-slope stability analysis with a one-dimensional analytical solution for transient pore pressure response to rainfall infiltration. This model permits the evaluation of regional shallow landslide susceptibility in a Geographic Information System framework, and we use it to analyze susceptibility to shallow landslides in an area in the eastern Umbria Region of central Italy. As shown on a landslide inventory map produced by the Italian National Research Council, the area has been affected in the past by shallow landslides, many of which have transformed into debris flows. Input data for the TRIGRS model include time-varying rainfall, topographic slope, colluvial thickness, initial water table depth, and material strength and hydraulic properties. Because of a paucity of input data, we focus on parametric analyses to calibrate and test the model and show the effect of variation in material properties and initial water table conditions on the distribution of simulated instability in the study area in response to realistic rainfall. Comparing the results with the shallow landslide inventory map, we find more than 80% agreement between predicted shallow landslide susceptibility and the inventory, despite the paucity of input data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landslides","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10346-006-0037-0","issn":"1612510X","usgsCitation":"Salciarini, D., Godt, J., Savage, W.Z., Conversini, P., Baum, R., and Michael, J.A., 2006, Modeling regional initiation of rainfall-induced shallow landslides in the eastern Umbria Region of central Italy: Landslides, v. 3, no. 3, p. 181-194, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-006-0037-0.","startPage":"181","endPage":"194","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210345,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-006-0037-0"},{"id":237238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c21e4b0c8380cd6fa6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Salciarini, D.","contributorId":59255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salciarini","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godt, J. W.","contributorId":76732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savage, W. Z.","contributorId":106481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conversini, P.","contributorId":59307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conversini","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baum, R.L.","contributorId":68752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Michael, J. A.","contributorId":48567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70028272,"text":"70028272 - 2006 - Modeling and validation of a 3D velocity structure for the Santa Clara Valley, California, for seismic-wave simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-27T13:53:53","indexId":"70028272","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling and validation of a 3D velocity structure for the Santa Clara Valley, California, for seismic-wave simulations","docAbstract":"A 3D seismic velocity and attenuation model is developed for Santa Clara Valley, California, and its surrounding uplands to predict ground motions from scenario earthquakes. The model is developed using a variety of geologic and geophysical data. Our starting point is a 3D geologic model developed primarily from geologic mapping and gravity and magnetic surveys. An initial velocity model is constructed by using seismic velocities from boreholes, reflection/refraction lines, and spatial autocorrelation microtremor surveys. This model is further refined and the seismic attenuation is estimated through waveform modeling of weak motions from small local events and strong-ground motion from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. Waveforms are calculated to an upper frequency of 1 Hz using a parallelized finite-difference code that utilizes two regions with a factor of 3 difference in grid spacing to reduce memory requirements. Cenozoic basins trap and strongly amplify ground motions. This effect is particularly strong in the Evergreen Basin on the northeastern side of the Santa Clara Valley, where the steeply dipping Silver Creek fault forms the southwestern boundary of the basin. In comparison, the Cupertino Basin on the southwestern side of the valley has a more moderate response, which is attributed to a greater age and velocity of the Cenozoic fill. Surface waves play a major role in the ground motion of sedimentary basins, and they are seen to strongly develop along the western margins of the Santa Clara Valley for our simulation of the Loma Prieta earthquake.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford","doi":"10.1785/0120050243","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S., Harmsen, S., Williams, R.A., Carver, D., Frankel, A., Choy, G., Liu, P., Jachens, R., Brocher, T., and Wentworth, C., 2006, Modeling and validation of a 3D velocity structure for the Santa Clara Valley, California, for seismic-wave simulations: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 5, p. 1851-1881, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050243.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"1851","endPage":"1881","numberOfPages":"31","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237272,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210374,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050243"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Clara Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.73950195312499,\n 37.54457732085582\n ],\n [\n -122.2283935546875,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n -121.651611328125,\n 36.672824886786564\n ],\n [\n -121.17370605468749,\n 36.97622678464096\n ],\n [\n -121.73950195312499,\n 37.54457732085582\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bdae4b0c8380cd6f858","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, S.","contributorId":12603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harmsen, S.","contributorId":79600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmsen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, R. A.","contributorId":82323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carver, D.","contributorId":22792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carver","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frankel, A. 0000-0001-9119-6106","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":41593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Choy, G.","contributorId":93691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choy","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Liu, P.-C.","contributorId":25339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"P.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Brocher, T.M. 0000-0002-9740-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":69994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wentworth, C. M. 0000-0003-2569-569X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-569X","contributorId":106466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentworth","given":"C. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":417346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70028161,"text":"70028161 - 2006 - Mercury content and petrographic composition in Pennsylvanian coal beds of Indiana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:42","indexId":"70028161","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury content and petrographic composition in Pennsylvanian coal beds of Indiana, USA","docAbstract":"A suite of high volatile bituminous coals of Pennsylvanian age from Indiana has been studied for their mercury (Hg) concentration and relationship between mercury content and maceral and lithotype composition. The coals ranged in Hg content from 0.02 in the Danville Coal Member to 0.31 ppm in the Upper Block Coal Member. Our study indicates that relationships between petrographic composition of coal and mercury content are site specific. This lack of a consistent relationship is explained by the fact that most Hg occurs in pyrite and not in the organic matter itself. Comparison of Hg content in durain/vitrain pairs shows that durain has more frequently a higher Hg content than vitrain, but the difference in frequency is inconsequential and shows no consistent pattern for a single coal bed or a single location. We suggest that increased concentration of Hg in vitrain is related to the presence of epigenetic pyrite in cleats. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2005.10.002","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Mastalerz, M., Drobniak, A., and Filippelli, G., 2006, Mercury content and petrographic composition in Pennsylvanian coal beds of Indiana, USA: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 68, no. 1-2 SPEC. ISS., p. 2-13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.10.002.","startPage":"2","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":210260,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.10.002"},{"id":237129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"1-2 SPEC. ISS.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a53f6e4b0c8380cd6ce3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drobniak, A.","contributorId":11748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drobniak","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Filippelli, G.","contributorId":52388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filippelli","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":416845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015122,"text":"1015122 - 2006 - A permutation test for quantile regression","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-30T10:33:35","indexId":"1015122","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2151,"text":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A permutation test for quantile regression","docAbstract":"A drop in dispersion, F-ratio like, permutation test (D) for linear quantile regression estimates (0≤τ≤1) had relative power ≥1 compared to quantile rank score tests (T) for hypotheses on parameters other than the intercept. Power was compared for combinations of sample sizes (n=20−300) and quantiles (τ=0.50−0.99) where both tests maintained valid Type I error rates in simulations with p=2 and 6 parameters in homogeneous and heterogeneous error models. The D test required two modifications of permuting residuals from null, reduced parameter models to maintain correct Type I error rates when null models were constrained through the origin or included multiple parameters. A double permutation scheme was used when null models were constrained through the origin and all but 1 of the zero residuals were deleted for null models with multiple parameters. Although there was considerable overlap in sample size, quantiles, and hypotheses where both the D and rank score tests maintained correct Type I error rates, we identified regions at smaller n and more extreme quantiles where one or the other maintained better error rates. Confidence intervals on parameters for an ecological application relating Lahontan cutthroat trout densities to stream channel width:depth were estimated by test inversion, demonstrating a smoother pattern of slightly narrower intervals across quantiles than those provided by the rank score test.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1198/108571106X96835","usgsCitation":"Cade, B.S., and Richards, J.D., 2006, A permutation test for quantile regression: Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, v. 11, no. 1, p. 106-126, https://doi.org/10.1198/108571106X96835.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"106","endPage":"126","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab830","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cade, Brian S. 0000-0001-9623-9849 cadeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9623-9849","contributorId":1278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"Brian","email":"cadeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richards, Jon D.","contributorId":181580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richards","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015175,"text":"1015175 - 2006 - The effect of multiple stressors on salt marsh end-of-season biomass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-01T15:40:16","indexId":"1015175","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of multiple stressors on salt marsh end-of-season biomass","docAbstract":"It is becoming more apparent that commonly used statistical methods (e.g. analysis of variance and regression) are not the best methods for estimating limiting relationships or stressor effects. A major challenge of estimating the effects associated with a measured subset of limiting factors is to account for the effects of unmeasured factors in an ecologically realistic matter. We used quantile regression to elucidate multiple stressor effects on end-of-season biomass data from two salt marsh sites in coastal Louisiana collected for 18 yr. Stressor effects evaluated based on available data were flooding, salinity air temperature, cloud cover, precipitation deficit, grazing by muskrat, and surface water nitrogen and phosphorus. Precipitation deficit combined with surface water nitrogen provided the best two-parameter model to explain variation in the peak biomass with different slopes and intercepts for the two study sites. Precipitation deficit, cloud cover, and temperature were significantly correlated with each other. Surface water nitrogen was significantly correlated with surface water phosphorus and muskrat density. The site with the larger duration of flooding showed reduced peak biomass, when cloud cover and surface water nitrogen were optimal. Variation in the relatively low salinity occurring in our study area did not explain any of the variation in Spartina alterniflora biomass.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02782001","usgsCitation":"Visser, J., Sasser, C., and Cade, B., 2006, The effect of multiple stressors on salt marsh end-of-season biomass: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 29, no. 2, p. 331-342, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02782001.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"342","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66764b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Visser, J.M.","contributorId":23900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Visser","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sasser, C.E.","contributorId":81067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sasser","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cade, B.S.","contributorId":47315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"B.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015168,"text":"1015168 - 2006 - The importance of adjusting for trip purpose in regional economic analyses of tourist destinations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-31T14:05:23","indexId":"1015168","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3606,"text":"Tourism Economics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of adjusting for trip purpose in regional economic analyses of tourist destinations","docAbstract":"This paper investigates the empirical importance of distinguishing visitors and their expenditures by trip purpose when estimating the tourism effects of a national park on a local economy. Accounting for trip purpose is quite important when there are two or more nearby major attractions in the same geographical area. This applies to the author's case study of Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks in the State of Wyoming, and also to other areas, such as the State of Utah's Bryce and Zion National Parks or amusement parks in the Orlando area in Florida. The authors illustrate the various types of survey questions and methods for correcting for trip purpose. In the case study, it would be quite misleading to attribute all spending by visitors to Grand Teton National Park (GTNP) in the town of Jackson, Wyoming, solely to GTNP because this would overstate employment actually attributable to the park by 3,455 jobs, or 22%. In turn, this overestimates the dependence of jobs in the Jackson economy on GTNP by 15%, incorrectly estimating it at 75% rather than the sounder figure of 60% of total jobs.
","language":"English","publisher":"SAGE Journals","doi":"10.5367/000000006776387105","usgsCitation":"Loomis, J., and Caughlan, L., 2006, The importance of adjusting for trip purpose in regional economic analyses of tourist destinations: Tourism Economics, v. 12, no. 1, p. 33-43, https://doi.org/10.5367/000000006776387105.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"43","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a85e4b07f02db64d876","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loomis, J.","contributorId":41785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loomis","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caughlan, L.","contributorId":38498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caughlan","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79478,"text":"fs20063025 - 2006 - Surveillance for Asian H5N1 avian influenza in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-26T15:06:08","indexId":"fs20063025","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-3025","title":"Surveillance for Asian H5N1 avian influenza in the United States","docAbstract":"Increasing concern over the potential for migratory birds to introduce the Asian H5N1 strain of avian influenza to North America prompted the White House Policy Coordinating Committee for Pandemic Influenza Preparedness to request that the U.S. Departments of Agriculture (USDA) and Interior (DOI) develop a plan for the early detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in the United States. To promote coordination among wildlife, agriculture, and human health agencies on HPAI surveillance efforts, the two Departments worked with representatives from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game to develop the U.S. Interagency Strategic Plan for Early Detection of Asian H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Wild Migratory Birds.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20063025","usgsCitation":"Ip, S., and Slota, P.G., 2006, Surveillance for Asian H5N1 avian influenza in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2006-3025, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20063025.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353239,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3025/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":9022,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3025/fs20063025.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.19 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2006-3025"}],"contact":"Director, National Wildlife Health Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6006 Schroeder Road
Madison, WI 53711
We evaluated the influences of several ecological, biological, and methodological factors on post-fledging survival of a shortgrass prairie bird, the Lark Bunting (Calamospiza melanocorys). We estimated daily post-fledging survival (n = 206, 82 broods) using radiotelemetry and color bands to track fledglings. Daily survival probabilities were best explained by drought intensity, time in season (quadratic trend), ages ≤3 d post-fledging, and rank given drought intensity. Drought intensity had a strong negative effect on survival. Rank was an important predictor of fledgling survival only during the severe drought of 2002 when the smallest fledglings had lower survival. Recently fledged young (ages ≤3 d post-fledging) undergoing the transition from nest to surrounding habitat experienced markedly lower survival, demonstrating the vulnerable nature of this time period. Survival was greater in mid and late season than early season, corresponding to our assumptions of food availability. Neither mark type nor sex of attending parent influenced survival. The model-averaged product of the 22-d survival calculated using mean rank and median value of time in season was 0.360 ± 0.08 in 2001 and 0.276 ± 0.08 in 2002. Survival estimates that account for age, condition of young, ecological conditions, and other factors are important for parameterization of realistic population models. Biologists using population growth models to elucidate mechanisms of population declines should attempt to estimate species-specific of post-fledging survival rather than use generalized estimates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/04-1922","usgsCitation":"Yackel Adams, A., Skagen, S., and Savidge, J.A., 2006, Modeling post-fledging survival of lark buntings in response to ecological and biological factors: Ecology, v. 87, no. 1, p. 178-188, https://doi.org/10.1890/04-1922.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"178","endPage":"188","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134182,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699845","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yackel Adams, A. A. 0000-0002-7044-8447","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-8447","contributorId":16792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackel Adams","given":"A. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skagen, S. K. 0000-0002-6744-1244","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-1244","contributorId":31348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skagen","given":"S. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savidge, J. A.","contributorId":36078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savidge","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015172,"text":"1015172 - 2006 - Risk analysis for biological hazards: What we need to know about invasive species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-01T15:12:16","indexId":"1015172","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3300,"text":"Risk Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Risk analysis for biological hazards: What we need to know about invasive species","docAbstract":"Risk analysis for biological invasions is similar to other types of natural and human hazards. For example, risk analysis for chemical spills requires the evaluation of basic information on where a spill occurs; exposure level and toxicity of the chemical agent; knowledge of the physical processes involved in its rate and direction of spread; and potential impacts to the environment, economy, and human health relative to containment costs. Unlike typical chemical spills, biological invasions can have long lag times from introduction and establishment to successful invasion, they reproduce, and they can spread rapidly by physical and biological processes. We use a risk analysis framework to suggest a general strategy for risk analysis for invasive species and invaded habitats. It requires: (1) problem formation (scoping the problem, defining assessment endpoints); (2) analysis (information on species traits, matching species traits to suitable habitats, estimating exposure, surveys of current distribution and abundance); (3) risk characterization (understanding of data completeness, estimates of the “potential” distribution and abundance; estimates of the potential rate of spread; and probable risks, impacts, and costs); and (4) risk management (containment potential, costs, and opportunity costs; legal mandates and social considerations and information science and technology needs).
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00707.x","usgsCitation":"Stohlgren, T., and Schnase, J., 2006, Risk analysis for biological hazards: What we need to know about invasive species: Risk Analysis, v. 26, no. 1, p. 163-173, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00707.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"173","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a11e4b07f02db60012b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schnase, J.L.","contributorId":62184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnase","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":76911,"text":"sir20065143 - 2006 - Evaluation of evidence supporting the effectiveness of desert tortoise recovery actions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:09","indexId":"sir20065143","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2006-5143","title":"Evaluation of evidence supporting the effectiveness of desert tortoise recovery actions","docAbstract":"As a federally threatened species, the desert tortoise's (Gopherus agassizii) recovery is required under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). According to the criteria established by the Desert Tortoise Recovery Plan (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1994) for delisting the tortoise from ESA protection, the species\r\nas a whole will be considered recovered when tortoises have exhibited a statistically significant upward trend for at least one tortoise generation (25 years), enough habitat is protected to allow persistence, provisions are in place to maintain discrete population growth rates at or above 1.0, regulatory measures are in place to ensure continued management of tortoise habitat, and there is no longer reason to believe that the species will require ESA protection in the future. Just as species extinction can be thought of as the cumulative extinction of all populations, species recovery can be thought of as recovery of constituent populations; management efforts for recovery generally are implemented and assessed at the population level. A recent review of the Desert Tortoise Recovery Plan, including an exhaustive literature search, has been compiled by the Desert Tortoise Recovery Plan Assessment Committee (Tracy et al. 2004).","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/sir20065143","usgsCitation":"Boarman, W.I., and Kristan, W.B., 2006, Evaluation of evidence supporting the effectiveness of desert tortoise recovery actions: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5143, vii, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20065143.","productDescription":"vii, 27 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"0","numberOfPages":"34","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8070,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5143/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6254da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boarman, William I.","contributorId":51683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boarman","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kristan, William B.","contributorId":83623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kristan","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}