{"pageNumber":"2508","pageRowStart":"62675","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184711,"records":[{"id":70030826,"text":"70030826 - 2006 - Estimating recharge using relations between precipitation and yield in a mountainous area with large variability in precipitation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030826","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating recharge using relations between precipitation and yield in a mountainous area with large variability in precipitation","docAbstract":"Estimates of recharge to bedrock aquifers from infiltration of precipitation can be difficult to obtain, especially in areas with large spatial and temporal variability in precipitation. In the Black Hills area of western South Dakota and eastern Wyoming, streamflow yield is highly influenced by annual precipitation, with yield efficiency (annual yield divided by annual precipitation) increasing with increasing annual precipitation. Spatial variability in annual yield characteristics for Black Hills streams is predictably influenced by precipitation patterns. Relations between precipitation and yield efficiency were used to estimate annual recharge from long-term records of annual precipitation. A series of geographic information system algorithms was used to derive annual estimates for 1000- by 1000-m grid cells. These algorithms were composited to derive estimates of annual recharge rates to the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers in the Black Hills area of western South Dakota and eastern Wyoming during water years 1931-1998 and an estimate of average recharge for water years 1950-1998. This approach provides a systematic method of obtaining consistent and reproducible estimates of recharge from infiltration of precipitation. Resulting estimates of average annual recharge (water years 1950-1998) ranged from 1 cm in the southern Black Hills to 22 cm in the northwestern Black Hills. Recharge rates to these aquifers from infiltration of precipitation on outcrops was estimated to range from 0.9 m 3/s in 1936 to 18.8 m3/s in 1995.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.04.012","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Carter, J., and Driscoll, D., 2006, Estimating recharge using relations between precipitation and yield in a mountainous area with large variability in precipitation: Journal of Hydrology, v. 316, no. 1-4, p. 71-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.04.012.","startPage":"71","endPage":"83","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211355,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.04.012"},{"id":238631,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"316","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b3ee4b0c8380cd52633","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Janet M. 0000-0002-6376-3473","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6376-3473","contributorId":17637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Janet M.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":428852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Driscoll, D.G.","contributorId":27081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030824,"text":"70030824 - 2006 - Factors affecting the toxicity of methylmercury injected into eggs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030824","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting the toxicity of methylmercury injected into eggs","docAbstract":"We developed a standardized protocol for comparing the sensitivities of the embryos of different bird species to methylmercury when methylmercury was injected into their eggs. During the course of developing this protocol, we investigated the effects of various factors on the toxicity of the injected methylmercury. Most of our experiments were done with chicken (Gallus domesticus), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), and ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) eggs, all of which were purchased in large numbers from game farms. A smaller amount of work was done with double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs collected from the wild. Several solvents were tested, and corn oil at a rate of 1 ??l/g egg contents was selected for the final standardized protocol because it had minimal toxicity to embryos and because methylmercury dissolved in corn oil yielded a dose-response curve in a range of egg concentrations that was similar to the range that causes reproductive impairment when the mother deposits methylmercury into her own eggs. The embryonic stage at which eggs were injected with corn oil altered mercury toxicity; at early stages, the corn oil itself was toxic. Therefore, in the final protocol we standardized the time of injection to occur when each species reached the morphologic equivalent of a 3-day-old chicken embryo. Although solvents can be injected directly into the albumen of an egg, high embryo mortality can occur in the solvent controls because of the formation of air bubbles in the albumen. Our final protocol used corn oil injections into the air cell, which are easier and safer than albumen injections. Most of the methylmercury, when dissolved in corn oil, injected into the air cell passes through the inner shell membrane and into the egg albumen. Most commercial incubators incubate eggs in trays with the air cell end of the egg pointing upward, but we discovered that mercury-induced mortality was too great when eggs were held in this orientation. In addition, some species of bird eggs require incubation on their sides with the eggs being rolled 180?? for them to develop normally. Therefore, we adopted a procedure of incubating the eggs of all species on their sides and rolling them 180?? every hour. Little has been published about the conditions of temperature, humidity, and the movements to which eggs of wild birds need to be subjected for them to hatch optimally under artificial incubation. Not unexpectedly, hatching success in an artificial incubator is generally less than what natural incubation by the parents can achieve. However, the survival of control embryos of most wild bird species was good (generally ??? 80%) up to within 1 or 2 days of hatching when we incubated the eggs at 37.5??C (or 37.6??C for gallinaceous species) at a relative humidity that resulted in an approximate 15% to 16% loss in egg weight by the end of incubation and by incubating the eggs on their sides and rolling them 180??/h. To improve statistical comparisons, we used survival through 90% of incubation as our measurement to compare survival of controls with survival of eggs injected with graded concentrations of mercury. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00244-005-1002-y","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Heinz, G.H., Hoffman, D.J., Kondrad, S., and Erwin, C.A., 2006, Factors affecting the toxicity of methylmercury injected into eggs: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 50, no. 2, p. 264-279, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-005-1002-y.","startPage":"264","endPage":"279","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211324,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-005-1002-y"},{"id":238593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0eade4b0c8380cd53584","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kondrad, S. L.","contributorId":57574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kondrad","given":"S. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Erwin, C. A.","contributorId":104193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030892,"text":"70030892 - 2006 - An efficient Matlab script to calculate heterogeneous anisotropically elastic wave propagation in three dimensions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70030892","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An efficient Matlab script to calculate heterogeneous anisotropically elastic wave propagation in three dimensions","docAbstract":"We have created a second-order finite-difference solution to the anisotropic elastic wave equation in three dimensions and implemented the solution as an efficient Matlab script. This program allows the user to generate synthetic seismograms for three-dimensional anisotropic earth structure. The code was written for teleseismic wave propagation in the 1-0.1 Hz frequency range but is of general utility and can be used at all scales of space and time. This program was created to help distinguish among various types of lithospheric structure given the uneven distribution of sources and receivers commonly utilized in passive source seismology. Several successful implementations have resulted in a better appreciation for subduction zone structure, the fate of a transform fault with depth, lithospheric delamination, and the effects of wavefield focusing and defocusing on attenuation. Companion scripts are provided which help the user prepare input to the finite-difference solution. Boundary conditions including specification of the initial wavefield, absorption and two types of reflection are available. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2005.06.019","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Boyd, O., 2006, An efficient Matlab script to calculate heterogeneous anisotropically elastic wave propagation in three dimensions: Computers & Geosciences, v. 32, no. 2, p. 259-264, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.06.019.","startPage":"259","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211295,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.06.019"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea2ee4b0c8380cd486b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyd, O.S.","contributorId":74479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"O.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70035290,"text":"70035290 - 2006 - CO2 outgassing in a combined fracture and conduit karst aquifer near lititz spring, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:55","indexId":"70035290","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"CO2 outgassing in a combined fracture and conduit karst aquifer near lititz spring, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Lititz Spring in southeastern Pennsylvania and a nearby domestic well were sampled for 9 months. Although both locations are connected to conduits (as evidenced by a tracer test), most of the year they were saturated with respect to calcite, which is more typical of matrix flow. Geochemical modeling (PHREEQC) was used to explain this apparent paradox and to infer changes in matrix and conduit contribution to flow. The saturation index varied from 0.5 to 0 most of the year, with a few samples in springtime dropping below saturation. The log PCO2 value varied from -2.5 to -1.7. Lower log PCO2 values (closer to the atmospheric value of -3.5) were observed when the solutions were at or above saturation with respect to calcite. In contrast, samples collected in the springtime had high PCO2, low saturation indices, and high water levels. Geochemical modeling showed that when outgassing occurs from a water with initially high PCO2, the saturation index of calcite increases. In the Lititz Spring area, the recharge water travels through the soil zone, where it picks up CO2 from soil gas, and excess CO 2 subsequently is outgassed when this recharge water reaches the conduit. At times of high water level (pipe full), recharge with excess CO 2 enters the system but the outgassing does not occur. Instead the recharge causes dilution, reducing the calcite saturation index. Understanding the temporal and spatial variation in matrix and conduit flow in karst aquifers benefited here by geochemical modeling and calculation of PCO2 values. ?? 2006 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2006.2404(23)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Toran, L., and Roman, E., 2006, CO2 outgassing in a combined fracture and conduit karst aquifer near lititz spring, Pennsylvania: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 404, p. 275-282, https://doi.org/10.1130/2006.2404(23).","startPage":"275","endPage":"282","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215096,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2006.2404(23)"},{"id":242870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"404","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2d6e4b0c8380cd4b404","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toran, L.","contributorId":78519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toran","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roman, E.","contributorId":59250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030921,"text":"70030921 - 2006 - Growth history of Kilauea inferred from volatile concentrations in submarine-collected basalts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T11:26:25","indexId":"70030921","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth history of Kilauea inferred from volatile concentrations in submarine-collected basalts","docAbstract":"

Major-element and volatile (H2O, CO2, S) compositions of glasses from the submarine flanks of Kilauea Volcano record its growth from pre-shield into tholeiite shield-stage. Pillow lavas of mildly alkalic basalt at 2600–1900 mbsl on the upper slope of the south flank are an intermediate link between deeper alkalic volcaniclastics and the modern tholeiite shield. Lava clast glasses from the west flank of Papau Seamount are subaerial Mauna Loa-like tholeiite and mark the contact between the two volcanoes. H2O and CO2 in sandstone and breccia glasses from the Hilina bench, and in alkalic to tholeiitic pillow glasses above and to the east, were measured by FTIR. Volatile saturation pressures equal sampling depths (10 MPa = 1000 m water) for south flank and Puna Ridge pillow lavas, suggesting recovery near eruption depths and/or vapor re-equilibration during down-slope flow. South flank glasses are divisible into low-pressure (CO2 <40 ppm, H2O < 0.5 wt.%, S <500 ppm), moderate-pressure (CO2 <40 ppm, H2O >0.5 wt.%, S 1000–1700 ppm), and high-pressure groups (CO2 >40 ppm, S  ∼1000 ppm), corresponding to eruption ≥ sea level, at moderate water depths (300–1000 m) or shallower but in disequilibrium, and in deep water (>1000 m). Saturation pressures range widely in early alkalic to strongly alkalic breccia clast and sandstone glasses, establishing that early Kīlauea's vents spanned much of Mauna Loa's submarine flank, with some vents exceeding sea level. Later south flank alkalic pillow lavas expose a sizeable submarine edifice that grew concurrent with nearby subaerial alkalic eruptions. The onset of the tholeiitic shield stage is marked by extension of eruptions eastward and into deeper water (to 5500 m) during growth of the Puna Ridge. Subaerial and shallow water eruptions from earliest Kilauea show that it is underlain shallowly by Mauna Loa, implying that Mauna Loa is larger, and Kilauea smaller, than previously recognized.

Keywords

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.037","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Coombs, M.L., Sisson, T.W., and Lipman, P.W., 2006, Growth history of Kilauea inferred from volatile concentrations in submarine-collected basalts: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 151, no. 1-3, p. 19-49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.07.037.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"49","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.3,\n 18.7\n ],\n [\n -154.3,\n 20\n ],\n [\n -155.5,\n 20\n ],\n [\n -155.5,\n 18.7\n ],\n [\n -154.3,\n 18.7\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"151","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2df2e4b0c8380cd5c183","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coombs, Michelle L. 0000-0002-6002-6806 mcoombs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-6806","contributorId":2809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Michelle","email":"mcoombs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sisson, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3380-6425 tsisson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-6425","contributorId":2341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"Thomas","email":"tsisson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lipman, Peter W. 0000-0001-9175-6118 plipman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-6118","contributorId":3486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"Peter","email":"plipman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030911,"text":"70030911 - 2006 - Chemical loading into surface water along a hydrological, biogeochemical, and land use gradient: A holistic watershed approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T14:44:49.143923","indexId":"70030911","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical loading into surface water along a hydrological, biogeochemical, and land use gradient: A holistic watershed approach","docAbstract":"

Identifying the sources and impacts of organic and inorganic contaminants at the watershed scale is a complex challenge because of the multitude of processes occurring in time and space. Investigation of geochemical transformations requires a systematic evaluation of hydrologic, landscape, and anthropogenic factors. The 1160 km2 Boulder Creek Watershed in the Colorado Front Range encompasses a gradient of geology, ecotypes, climate, and urbanization. Streamflow originates primarily as snowmelt and shows substantial annual variation. Water samples were collected along a 70-km transect during spring-runoff and base-flow conditions, and analyzed for major elements, trace elements, bulk organics, organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs), and pesticides. Major-element and trace-element concentrations were low in the headwaters, increased through the urban corridor, and had a step increase downstream from the first major wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Boron, gadolinium, and lithium were useful inorganic tracers of anthropogenic inputs. Effluent from the WWTP accounted for as much as 75% of the flow in Boulder Creek and was the largest chemical input. Under both hydrological conditions, OWCs and pesticides were detected in Boulder Creek downstream from the WWTP outfall as well as in the headwater region, and loads of anthropogenic-derived contaminants increased as basin population density increased. This report documents a suite of potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals in a reach of stream with native fish populations showing indication of endocrine disruption.


","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es051270q","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Barber, L.B., Murphy, S., Verplanck, P., Sandstrom, M.W., Taylor, H.E., and Furlong, E., 2006, Chemical loading into surface water along a hydrological, biogeochemical, and land use gradient: A holistic watershed approach: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 2, p. 475-486, https://doi.org/10.1021/es051270q.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"475","endPage":"486","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211586,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es051270q"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f57fe4b0c8380cd4c26f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murphy, S.F.","contributorId":40751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verplanck, P. L. 0000-0002-3653-6419","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":106565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sandstrom, Mark W. 0000-0003-0006-5675 sandstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-5675","contributorId":706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandstrom","given":"Mark","email":"sandstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":429193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Furlong, E. T. 0000-0002-7305-4603","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":98346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"E. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030571,"text":"70030571 - 2006 - Toward resolving an earthquake ground motion mystery in west Seattle, Washington State: Shallow seismic focusing may cause anomalous chimney damage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:04","indexId":"70030571","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toward resolving an earthquake ground motion mystery in west Seattle, Washington State: Shallow seismic focusing may cause anomalous chimney damage","docAbstract":"A shallow bedrock fold imaged by a 1.3-km long high-resolution shear-wave seismic reflection profile in west Seattle focuses seismic waves arriving from the south. This focusing may cause a pocket of amplified ground shaking and the anomalous chimney damage observed in earthquakes of 1949, 1965 and 2001. The 200-m bedrock fold at ???300-m depth is caused by deformation across an inferred fault within the Seattle fault zone. Ground motion simulations, using the imaged geologic structure and northward-propagating north-dipping plane wave sources, predict a peak horizontal acceleration pattern that matches that observed in strong motion records of the 2001 Nisqually event. Additionally, a pocket of chimney damage reported for both the 1965 and the 2001 earthquakes generally coincides with a zone of simulated amplification caused by focusing. This study further demonstrates the significant impact shallow (<1km) crustal structures can have on earthquake ground-motion variability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005GL025037","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Stephenson, W.J., Frankel, A., Odum, J.K., Williams, R.A., and Pratt, T.L., 2006, Toward resolving an earthquake ground motion mystery in west Seattle, Washington State: Shallow seismic focusing may cause anomalous chimney damage: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 33, no. 6, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL025037.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477463,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl025037","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":212050,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL025037"},{"id":239458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5bce4b08c986b326879","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephenson, W. J.","contributorId":87982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frankel, A.D.","contributorId":53828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Odum, J. K.","contributorId":105705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, R. A.","contributorId":82323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pratt, T. L.","contributorId":53072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030793,"text":"70030793 - 2006 - Long-term natural attenuation of carbon and nitrogen within a groundwater plume after removal of the treated wastewater source","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:35:50","indexId":"70030793","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term natural attenuation of carbon and nitrogen within a groundwater plume after removal of the treated wastewater source","docAbstract":"Disposal of treated wastewater for more than 60 years onto infiltration beds on Cape Cod, Massachusetts produced a groundwater contaminant plume greater than 6 km long in a surficial sand and gravel aquifer. In December 1995 the wastewater disposal ceased. A long-term, continuous study was conducted to characterize the post-cessation attenuation of the plume from the source to 0.6 km downgradient. Concentrations and total pools of mobile constituents, such as boron and nitrate, steadily decreased within 1-4 years along the transect. Dissolved organic carbon loads also decreased, but to a lesser extent, particularly downgradient of the infiltration beds. After 4 years, concentrations and pools of carbon and nitrogen in groundwater were relatively constant with time and distance, but substantially elevated above background. The contaminant plume core remained anoxic for the entire 10-year study period; temporal patterns of integrated oxygen deficit decreased slowly at all sites. In 2004, substantial amounts of total dissolved carbon (7 mol C m-2) and fixed (dissolved plus sorbed) inorganic nitrogen (0.5 mol N m-2) were still present in a 28-m vertical interval at the disposal site. Sorbed constituents have contributed substantially to the dissolved carbon and nitrogen pools and are responsible for the long-term persistence of the contaminant plume. Natural aquifer restoration at the discharge location will take at least several decades, even though groundwater flow rates and the potential for contaminant flushing are relatively high.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es051442j","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Repert, D., Barber, L.B., Hess, K., Keefe, S., Kent, D., LeBlanc, D., and Smith, R.L., 2006, Long-term natural attenuation of carbon and nitrogen within a groundwater plume after removal of the treated wastewater source: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 40, no. 4, p. 1154-1162, https://doi.org/10.1021/es051442j.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1154","endPage":"1162","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238630,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211354,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es051442j"}],"volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a499be4b0c8380cd6875f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Repert, D.A.","contributorId":78506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repert","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hess, K.M.","contributorId":39415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keefe, S.H.","contributorId":18965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefe","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kent, D.B.","contributorId":16588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"LeBlanc, D.R.","contributorId":87141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, R. L.","contributorId":93904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":428714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70030906,"text":"70030906 - 2006 - Coupled nitrogen and calcium cycles in forests of the Oregon Coast Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T15:03:34","indexId":"70030906","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coupled nitrogen and calcium cycles in forests of the Oregon Coast Range","docAbstract":"Nitrogen (N) is a critical limiting nutrient that regulates plant productivity and the cycling of other essential elements in forests. We measured foliar and soil nutrients in 22 young Douglas-fir stands in the Oregon Coast Range to examine patterns of nutrient availability across a gradient of N-poor to N-rich soils. N in surface mineral soil ranged from 0.15 to 1.05% N, and was positively related to a doubling of foliar N across sites. Foliar N in half of the sites exceeded 1.4% N, which is considered above the threshold of N-limitation in coastal Oregon Douglas-fir. Available nitrate increased five-fold across this gradient, whereas exchangeable magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) in soils declined, suggesting that nitrate leaching influences base cation availability more than soil parent material across our sites. Natural abundance strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) of a single site indicated that 97% of available base cations can originate from atmospheric inputs of marine aerosols, with negligible contributions from weathering. Low annual inputs of Ca relative to Douglas-fir growth requirements may explain why foliar Ca concentrations are highly sensitive to variations in soil Ca across our sites. Natural abundance calcium isotopes (??44Ca) in exchangeable and acid leachable pools of surface soil measured at a single site showed 1 per mil depletion relative to deep soil, suggesting strong Ca recycling to meet tree demands. Overall, the biogeochemical response of these Douglas-fir forests to gradients in soil N is similar to changes associated with chronic N deposition in more polluted temperate regions, and raises the possibility that Ca may be deficient on excessively N-rich sites. We conclude that wide gradients in soil N can drive non-linear changes in base-cation biogeochemistry, particularly as forests cross a threshold from N-limitation to N-saturation. The most acute changes may occur in forests where base cations are derived principally from atmospheric inputs. ?? 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10021-004-0039-5","issn":"14329840","usgsCitation":"Perakis, S., Maguire, D., Bullen, T., Cromack, K., Waring, R., and Boyle, J., 2006, Coupled nitrogen and calcium cycles in forests of the Oregon Coast Range: Ecosystems, v. 9, no. 1, p. 63-74, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-004-0039-5.","startPage":"63","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238802,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211504,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-004-0039-5"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc89e4b0c8380cd4e2dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perakis, S.S.","contributorId":82039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perakis","given":"S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maguire, D.A.","contributorId":20543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maguire","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cromack, K.","contributorId":85394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cromack","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waring, R.H.","contributorId":39188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waring","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boyle, J.R.","contributorId":53162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyle","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70170963,"text":"70170963 - 2006 - Toxicokinetics and effects of PCBs in Arctic fish: a review of studies on Arctic charr","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-12T16:59:52","indexId":"70170963","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2481,"text":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicokinetics and effects of PCBs in Arctic fish: a review of studies on Arctic charr","docAbstract":"

In a series of environmentally realistic laboratory experiments, toxicokinetics and effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were studied in the Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). Winter fasting and emaciation, which are common among Arctic charr living in high latitudes, resulted in a redistribution of the lipophilic PCBs from lipid-storing tissue such as the muscle, to vital organs that must be considered sensitive toward PCB (liver and brain). This redistribution was accompanied by a significant potentiation of the hepatic cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 1A biomarker response, from low activities in October (within those measured in uncontaminated charr) to a high, probably maximum, induction in May. Performance studies demonstrated a clear effect of environmentally realistic PCB levels on endocrine mechanisms, immune function, and seawater preadaptation (smoltification) in charr that had been feed deprived for several months after contamination with Aroclor 1254, whereas a high PCB dose exerted only minor, if any, effects in charr that had been fed after contamination. These results demonstrate that emaciation results in decreased dose-response relationships in fish, and indicate that arctic animals undergoing seasonal cycles of \"fattening\" and emaciation may be extra sensitive toward persistent, lipophilic organochlorines. Pilot studies on Arctic charr from Bjørnøya Island revealed marked CYP1A biomarker responses and an upregulation of genes involved in cellular homeostatic mechanisms in charr from Lake Ellasjøen (high PCB levels).

","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Jorgensen, E., Vijayan, M., Killie, J., Aluru, N., Aas-Hansen, O., and Maule, A., 2006, Toxicokinetics and effects of PCBs in Arctic fish: a review of studies on Arctic charr: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, v. 69, no. 1-2, p. 37-52.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"52","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321197,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":321196,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16291561"}],"volume":"69","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5735a95be4b0dae0d5df5180","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jorgensen, EH","contributorId":169303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jorgensen","given":"EH","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vijayan, M.N.","contributorId":169304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vijayan","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Killie, J.-E.A.","contributorId":17822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Killie","given":"J.-E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aluru, N.","contributorId":80454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aluru","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aas-Hansen, O.","contributorId":66899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aas-Hansen","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Maule, A.","contributorId":39668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030564,"text":"70030564 - 2006 - MODFLOW/MT3DMS-based simulation of variable-density ground water flow and transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030564","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"MODFLOW/MT3DMS-based simulation of variable-density ground water flow and transport","docAbstract":"This paper presents an approach for coupling MODFLOW and MT3DMS for the simulation of variable-density ground water flow. MODFLOW routines were modified to solve a variable-density form of the ground water flow equation in which the density terms are calculated using an equation of state and the simulated MT3DMS solute concentrations. Changes to the MODFLOW and MT3DMS input files were kept to a minimum, and thus existing data files and data files created with most pre- and postprocessors can be used directly with the SEAWAT code. The approach was tested by simulating the Henry problem and two of the saltpool laboratory experiments (low- and high-density cases). For the Henry problem, the simulated results compared well with the steady-state semianalytic solution and also the transient isochlor movement as simulated by a finite-element model. For the saltpool problem, the simulated breakthrough curves compared better with the laboratory measurements for the low-density case than for the high-density case but showed good agreement with the measured salinity isosurfaces for both cases. Results from the test cases presented here indicate that the MODFLOW/MT3DMS approach provides accurate solutions for problems involving variable-density ground water flow and solute transport. ?? 2006 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00156.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Langevin, C., and Guo, W., 2006, MODFLOW/MT3DMS-based simulation of variable-density ground water flow and transport: Ground Water, v. 44, no. 3, p. 339-351, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00156.x.","startPage":"339","endPage":"351","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477602,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.549.1049","text":"External Repository"},{"id":211960,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00156.x"},{"id":239350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ae4e4b0c8380cd69117","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langevin, C.D.","contributorId":25976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guo, W.","contributorId":43230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030573,"text":"70030573 - 2006 - Polar bear maternal den habitat in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-06T15:47:55","indexId":"70030573","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polar bear maternal den habitat in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska","docAbstract":"

Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) give birth during mid-winter in dens of ice and snow. Denning polar bears subjected to human disturbances may abandon dens before their altricial young can survive the rigors of the Arctic winter. Because the Arctic coastal plain of Alaska is an area of high petroleum potential and contains existing and planned oil field developments, the distribution of polar bear dens on the plain is of interest to land managers. Therefore, as part of a study of denning habitats along the entire Arctic coast of Alaska, we examined high-resolution aerial photographs (n = 1655) of the 7994 km2 coastal plain included in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) and mapped 3621 km of bank habitat suitable for denning by polar bears. Such habitats were distributed uniformly and comprised 0.29% (23.2 km2) of the coastal plain between the Canning River and the Canadian border. Ground-truth sampling suggested that we had correctly identified 91.5% of bank denning habitats on the ANWR coastal plain. Knowledge of the distribution of these habitats will help facilitate informed management of human activities and minimize disruption of polar bears in maternal dens.

","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","publisherLocation":"Calgary, AB","doi":"10.14430/arctic361","issn":"00040843","usgsCitation":"Durner, G.M., Amstrup, S.C., and Ambrosius, K.J., 2006, Polar bear maternal den habitat in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska: Arctic, v. 59, no. 1, p. 31-36, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic361.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"36","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477641,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic361","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141.009521484375,\n 69.48067185349211\n ],\n [\n -146.304931640625,\n 69.65517655450056\n ],\n [\n -146.2884521484375,\n 69.71048874412568\n ],\n [\n -146.370849609375,\n 69.75805603208036\n ],\n [\n -146.4642333984375,\n 69.81120455228863\n ],\n [\n -146.458740234375,\n 69.8623282462432\n ],\n [\n -146.37634277343747,\n 69.92087280020304\n ],\n [\n -146.129150390625,\n 70.03184576544432\n ],\n [\n -145.9588623046875,\n 70.06933004398222\n ],\n [\n -145.9039306640625,\n 70.12542991464234\n ],\n [\n -145.887451171875,\n 70.16088143050877\n ],\n [\n -145.8489990234375,\n 70.18882659254719\n ],\n [\n -145.118408203125,\n 70.02996977749883\n ],\n [\n -144.7283935546875,\n 70.01307827710367\n ],\n [\n -144.459228515625,\n 70.05434443961708\n ],\n [\n -144.0252685546875,\n 70.10113859730146\n ],\n [\n -143.7396240234375,\n 70.1478274118401\n ],\n [\n -143.3880615234375,\n 70.16647348777344\n ],\n [\n -143.0364990234375,\n 70.12916451400015\n ],\n [\n -142.75634765625,\n 70.08243358695952\n ],\n [\n -142.5311279296875,\n 70.01307827710367\n ],\n [\n -142.1685791015625,\n 69.89634174975163\n ],\n [\n -141.7236328125,\n 69.81499575407162\n ],\n [\n -141.35009765625,\n 69.68952523387915\n ],\n [\n -141.229248046875,\n 69.70096244627686\n ],\n [\n -141.009521484375,\n 69.666632290865\n ],\n [\n -141.009521484375,\n 69.48067185349211\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7cc0e4b0c8380cd79b6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":427709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":427710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ambrosius, Ken J.","contributorId":7038,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ambrosius","given":"Ken","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030887,"text":"70030887 - 2006 - Repeatability observations from a time-lapse seismic survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:03","indexId":"70030887","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3317,"text":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Repeatability observations from a time-lapse seismic survey","docAbstract":"Time-lapse seismic surveys have proven extremely valuable in recent years, having numerous economical and environmental applications. To fully utilize this monitoring technique, problems associated with recording repeatability must be minimized. Much work has been done to equalize data from one survey to the next via processing techniques (Huang et al., 1998). The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential for minimized processing, allowing study of extremely small changes in subsurface characteristics. The goal is to evaluate source and receiver terrain combination to optimize signal repeatability, and to improve deconvolution with the ground force to suppress different types of noise and increase repeatability. ?? 2005 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1190/1.2370190","issn":"10523812","usgsCitation":"Walters, S., Miller, R., and Raef, A., 2006, Repeatability observations from a time-lapse seismic survey: SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, v. 25, no. 1, p. 3185-3189, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2370190.","startPage":"3185","endPage":"3189","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211692,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2370190"},{"id":239032,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa749e4b0c8380cd8531c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, S.L.","contributorId":107095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":429091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. 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The Campanian Ignimbrite is a large-volume trachytic to phonolitic ignimbrite that was deposited at ≈39.3 ka and represents one of a number of highly explosive volcanic events that have occurred in the region near Naples, Italy. Thermodynamic modeling using the MELTS algorithm reveals that major element variations are dominated by crystal-liquid separation at 0.15 GPa. Initial dissolved H2O content in the parental melt is ∼3 wt.% and the magmatic system fugacity of oxygen was buffered along QFM+1. Significantly, MELTS results also indicate that the liquid line of descent is marked by a large change in the proportion of melt (from 0.46 to 0.09) at ∼884°C, which leads to a discontinuity in melt composition (i.e., a compositional gap) and different thermodynamic and transport properties of melt and magma across the gap. Crystallization of alkali feldspar and plagioclase dominates the phase assemblage at this pseudo-invariant point temperature of ∼884°C. Evaluation of the variations in the trace elements Zr, Nb, Th, U, Rb, Sm, and Sr using a mass balance equation that accounts for changing bulk mineral-melt partition coefficients as crystallization occurs indicates that crystal-liquid separation and open-system processes were important. Th isotope data yield an apparent isochron that is ∼20 kyr younger than the age of the deposit, and age-corrected Th isotope data indicate that the magma body was an open system at the time of eruption. Because open-system behavior can profoundly change isotopic and elemental characteristics of a magma body, these Th results illustrate that it is critical to understand the contribution that open-system processes make to magmatic systems prior to assigning relevance to age or timescale information derived from such systems. Fluid-magma interaction has been proposed as a mechanism to change isotopic and elemental characteristics of magma bodies, but an evaluation of the mass and thermal constraints on such a process suggests large-scale interaction is unlikely. In the case of the magma body associated with the Campanian Ignimbrite, the most likely source of the open-system signatures is assimilation of partial melts of compositionally heterogeneous basement composed of cumulates and intrusive equivalents of volcanic activity that has characterized the Campanian region for over 300 kyr.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1871-644X(06)80027-6","usgsCitation":"Bohrson, W., Spera, F., Fowler, S.J., Belkin, H., de Vivo, B., and Rolandi, G., 2006, Chapter 13 Petrogenesis of the Campanian Ignimbrite: Implications for crystal-melt separation and open-system processes from major and trace elements and Th isotopic data: Developments in Volcanology, v. 9, p. 249-288, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1871-644X(06)80027-6.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"288","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243114,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f463e4b0c8380cd4bcda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohrson, W.A.","contributorId":102092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bohrson","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spera, F. J.","contributorId":89315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spera","given":"F. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fowler, S. J.","contributorId":18586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fowler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belkin, H. E. 0000-0001-7879-6529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":38160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"H. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"de Vivo, B.","contributorId":50549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Vivo","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rolandi, G.","contributorId":76472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rolandi","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030820,"text":"70030820 - 2006 - Age-structured mark-recapture analysis: A virtual-population-analysis-based model for analyzing age-structured capture-recapture data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030820","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age-structured mark-recapture analysis: A virtual-population-analysis-based model for analyzing age-structured capture-recapture data","docAbstract":"We present a new model to estimate capture probabilities, survival, abundance, and recruitment using traditional Jolly-Seber capture-recapture methods within a standard fisheries virtual population analysis framework. This approach compares the numbers of marked and unmarked fish at age captured in each year of sampling with predictions based on estimated vulnerabilities and abundance in a likelihood function. Recruitment to the earliest age at which fish can be tagged is estimated by using a virtual population analysis method to back-calculate the expected numbers of unmarked fish at risk of capture. By using information from both marked and unmarked animals in a standard fisheries age structure framework, this approach is well suited to the sparse data situations common in long-term capture-recapture programs with variable sampling effort. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1577/M05-133.1","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Coggins, L., Pine, W., Walters, C., and Martell, S., 2006, Age-structured mark-recapture analysis: A virtual-population-analysis-based model for analyzing age-structured capture-recapture data: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 26, no. 1, p. 201-205, https://doi.org/10.1577/M05-133.1.","startPage":"201","endPage":"205","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211263,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/M05-133.1"},{"id":238525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e900e4b0c8380cd48024","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coggins, L.G. Jr.","contributorId":47139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coggins","given":"L.G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pine, William E. 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The upstream migration of adult anadromous salmonids in the Columbia River Basin (CRB) has been dramatically altered and fish may be experiencing energetically costly delays at dams. To explore this notion, we estimated the energetic costs of migration and reproduction of Yakima River-bound spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha using a sequential analysis of their proximate composition (i.e., percent water, fat, protein, and ash). Tissues (muscle, viscera, and gonad) were sampled from fish near the start of their migration (Bonneville Dam), at a mid point (Roza Dam, 510 km upstream from Bonneville Dam) and from fresh carcasses on the spawning grounds (about 100 km above Roza Dam). At Bonneville Dam, the energy reserves of these fish were remarkably high, primarily due to the high percentage of fat in the muscle (18-20%; energy content over 11 kJ g-1). The median travel time for fish from Bonneville to Roza Dam was 27 d and ranged from 18 to 42 d. Fish lost from 6 to 17% of their energy density in muscle, depending on travel time. On average, fish taking a relatively long time for migration between dams used from 5 to 8% more energy from the muscle than faster fish. From the time they passed Bonneville Dam to death, these fish, depending on gender, used 95-99% of their muscle and 73-86% of their viscera lipid stores. Also, both sexes used about 32% of their muscular and very little of their visceral protein stores. However, we were unable to relate energy use and reproductive success to migration history. Our results suggest a possible influence of the CRB hydroelectric system on adult salmonid energetics.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.955","issn":"15351459","usgsCitation":"Mesa, M., and Magie, C., 2006, Evaluation of energy expenditure in adult spring Chinook salmon migrating upstream in the Columbia River Basin: an assessment based on sequential proximate analysis: River Research and Applications, v. 22, no. 10, p. 1085-1095, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.955.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1085","endPage":"1095","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209962,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.955"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washginton","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.91493988037108,\n 45.67332315111957\n ],\n [\n -121.88095092773439,\n 45.65988734941217\n ],\n [\n -121.98154449462889,\n 45.61547829428427\n ],\n [\n -122.02102661132814,\n 45.60635207711834\n ],\n [\n -122.0364761352539,\n 45.61932046777893\n ],\n [\n -122.01656341552734,\n 45.628444574718564\n ],\n [\n -121.97158813476561,\n 45.63588682527794\n ],\n [\n -121.95785522460936,\n 45.65028837377915\n ],\n [\n -121.93656921386719,\n 45.65292825609942\n ],\n [\n -121.92317962646484,\n 45.65412816147472\n ],\n [\n -121.91322326660156,\n 45.66828510339253\n ],\n [\n -121.91493988037108,\n 45.67332315111957\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.46405792236327,\n 46.75750394913751\n ],\n [\n -120.46843528747559,\n 46.75191751332088\n ],\n [\n -120.46920776367188,\n 46.74621287079468\n ],\n [\n -120.46740531921385,\n 46.74274274137551\n ],\n [\n -120.46113967895508,\n 46.74386026506431\n ],\n [\n -120.46088218688963,\n 46.74715388433906\n ],\n [\n -120.46457290649414,\n 46.75044730238025\n ],\n [\n -120.46457290649414,\n 46.75321126577366\n ],\n [\n -120.46062469482422,\n 46.75532824825045\n ],\n [\n -120.4625129699707,\n 46.75726874246586\n ],\n [\n -120.46405792236327,\n 46.75750394913751\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.36528015136717,\n 47.39788440990287\n ],\n [\n -121.4208984375,\n 47.38440370312246\n ],\n [\n -121.38450622558594,\n 47.308568669980225\n ],\n [\n -121.12564086914062,\n 47.190645707823435\n ],\n [\n -120.86334228515624,\n 47.143496408200456\n ],\n [\n -120.87158203125,\n 47.19531167837447\n ],\n [\n -121.08924865722656,\n 47.327653995607115\n ],\n [\n -121.11534118652342,\n 47.36115300722623\n ],\n [\n -121.2238311767578,\n 47.41136166853917\n ],\n [\n -121.35360717773438,\n 47.4016026187529\n ],\n [\n -121.36528015136717,\n 47.39788440990287\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c6ee4b0c8380cd52b43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mesa, M.G.","contributorId":17386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesa","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magie, C.D.","contributorId":23743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magie","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":420633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035286,"text":"70035286 - 2006 - Tectonic models for Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70035286","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2711,"text":"Memoir of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic models for Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Performance of a high-level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain hinges partly on long-term structural stability of the mountain, its susceptibility to tectonic disruption that includes fault displacement, seismic ground motion, and igneous intrusion. Because of the uncertainty involved with long-term (10,000 yr minimum) prediction of tectonic events (e.g., earthquakes) and the incomplete understanding of the history of strain and its mechanisms in the Yucca Mountain region, a tectonic model is needed. A tectonic model should represent the structural assemblage of the mountain in its tectonic setting and account for that assemblage through a history of deformation in which all of the observed deformation features are linked in time and space. Four major types of tectonic models have been proposed for Yucca Mountain: a caldera model; simple shear (detachment fault) models; pure shear (planar fault) models; and lateral shear models. Most of the models seek to explain local features in the context of well-accepted regional deformation mechanisms. Evaluation of the models in light of site characterization shows that none of them completely accounts for all the known tectonic features of Yucca Mountain or is fully compatible with the deformation history. The Yucca Mountain project does not endorse a preferred tectonic model. However, most experts involved in the probabilistic volcanic hazards analysis and the probabilistic seismic hazards analysis preferred a planar fault type model. ?? 2007 Geological Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Memoir of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2007.1199(04)","issn":"00721069","usgsCitation":"O’Leary, D.W., 2006, Tectonic models for Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Memoir of the Geological Society of America, v. 199, p. 105-153, https://doi.org/10.1130/2007.1199(04).","startPage":"105","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"49","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215518,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2007.1199(04)"},{"id":243329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"199","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba476e4b08c986b320356","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Leary, Dennis W.","contributorId":91501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Leary","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70035440,"text":"70035440 - 2006 - Chapter 9 The magma feeding system of Somma-Vesuvius (Italy) strato-volcano: New inferences from a review of geochemical and Sr, Nd, Pb and O isotope data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-20T16:22:36.95376","indexId":"70035440","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1387,"text":"Developments in Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chapter 9 The magma feeding system of Somma-Vesuvius (Italy) strato-volcano: New inferences from a review of geochemical and Sr, Nd, Pb and O isotope data","docAbstract":"

A large database of major, trace and isotope (Sr, Nd, Pb, O) data exists for rocks produced by the volcanic activity of Somma-Vesuvius volcano. Variation diagrams strongly suggest a major role for evolutionary processes such as fractional crystallization, contamination, crystal trapping and magma maxing, occurring after magma genesis in the mantle. Most mafic magmas are enriched in LILE (Light Ion Lithophile Elements; K. Rb, Ba), REE (Ce, Sm) and Y, show small Nb−Ta negative anomalies, and have values of Nb/Zr at about 0.15. Enrichments in LILE, REE, Nb and Ta do not correlate with Sr isotope values or degree of both K enrichment and silica undersaturation. The results indicate mantle source heterogeneity produced by slab-derived components beneath the volcano. However, the Sr isotope values of Somma-Vesuvius increase from 0.7071 up to 0.7081 with transport through the uppermost 11–12 km of the crust. The Sr isotope variation suggests that the crustal component affected the magmas during ascent through the lithosphere to the surface. Our new geochemical assessment based on chemical, isotopic and fluid inclusion data points to the existence of three main levels of magma storage. Two of the levels are deep and may represent long-lived reservoirs; the uppermost crustal level probably coincides with the volcanic conduit. The deeper level of magma storage is deeper than 12 km and fed the 1944 AD eruption. The intermediate level coincides with the seismic discontinuity detected by Zollo et al. (1996) at about 8 km. This intermediate level supplies magmas with 87Sr/86Sr values between 0.7071 and 0.7074, and σO18<8% that typically erupted both during interplinian (i.e. 1906 AD) and sub-plinian (472 AD, 1631 AD) events. The shallowest level of magma storage at about 5 km was the site of magma chambers for the Pompei and Avellino plinian eruptions. New investigations are necessary to verify the proposed magma feeding system.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1871-644X(06)80023-9","usgsCitation":"Piochi, M., de Vivo, B., and Ayuso, R., 2006, Chapter 9 The magma feeding system of Somma-Vesuvius (Italy) strato-volcano: New inferences from a review of geochemical and Sr, Nd, Pb and O isotope data: Developments in Volcanology, v. 9, p. 181-202, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1871-644X(06)80023-9.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"202","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","otherGeospatial":"Somma-Vesuvius strato-volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 14.357246750209868,\n 40.88\n ],\n [\n 14.357246750209868,\n 40.76154332904329\n ],\n [\n 14.524608486374149,\n 40.76154332904329\n ],\n [\n 14.524608486374149,\n 40.88\n ],\n [\n 14.357246750209868,\n 40.88\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f472e4b0c8380cd4bd34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piochi, M.","contributorId":55204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piochi","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"de Vivo, B.","contributorId":50549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Vivo","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ayuso, R. A. 0000-0002-8496-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":27079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035447,"text":"70035447 - 2006 - Diagenetic alteration of impact spherules in the Neoarchean Monteville layer, South Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:55","indexId":"70035447","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagenetic alteration of impact spherules in the Neoarchean Monteville layer, South Africa","docAbstract":"Intercontinental correlation of distal Archean impact ejecta layers can be used to help create a global time-stratigraphic framework for early Earth events. For example, an impact spherule layer in the Neoarchean Monteville Formation (Griqualand West Basin, South Africa) may be correlated with layers in one or more formations in Western Australia. To help assess the degree to which diagenetic alteration would hinder such correlations, we performed a petrographic study of spherules in the Monteville layer. Most of the spherules in the Monteville layer have botryoidal rims composed of radial-fibrous K-feldspar, but compaction and replacement have greatly altered their appearance and mineralogy. Moreover, the Monteville spherule layer consists of three main subunits, and spherule compaction varies between subunits as well as across the Griqualand West region. Compaction is about three times greater in a medial spherulerich subunit as compared to a basal subunit rich in large intraclasts, resulting in better preservation of the shapes of melt particles in the latter. However, spherule rims have omparable numbers of fractures in both subunits, indicating the melt particles were fractured prior to compaction. Some spherules contain mica ribbons with a septarian geometry. Fracturing via rapid thermal quenching could help explain all of these features. f hot spherules possessing crystalline rims were thermally shocked when they hit the ocean, fractures would have the observed geometries and provide pathways for fluid infiltration and local replacement of glass by mica. Although heavily distorted, impact spherules in the Monteville layer are very similar to those in the Hesta occurrence of the Neoarchean Jeerinah spherule layer of the Hamersley Basin, even showing similar diagenetic histories. In this instance, diagenetic alteration may actually help rather than hinder intercontinental correlation of impact spherule layers. ??2006 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2006.2405(04)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Kohl, I., Simonson, B., and Berke, M., 2006, Diagenetic alteration of impact spherules in the Neoarchean Monteville layer, South Africa: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 405, p. 57-73, https://doi.org/10.1130/2006.2405(04).","startPage":"57","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215472,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2006.2405(04)"},{"id":243280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"405","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0099e4b0c8380cd4f7f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kohl, I.","contributorId":25007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohl","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simonson, B.M.","contributorId":87774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simonson","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berke, M.","contributorId":103878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berke","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035639,"text":"70035639 - 2006 - U-Pb SHRIMP geochronology and trace-element geochemistry of coesite-bearing zircons, North-East Greenland Caledonides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:51","indexId":"70035639","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U-Pb SHRIMP geochronology and trace-element geochemistry of coesite-bearing zircons, North-East Greenland Caledonides","docAbstract":"Obtaining reliable estimates for the timing of eclogite-facies metamorphism is critical to establishing models for the formation and exhumation of high-pressure and ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic terranes in collisional orogens. The presence of pressure-dependent phases, such as coesite, included in metamorphic zircon is generally regarded as evidence that zircon growth occurred at UHP conditions and, ifdated, should provide the necessary timing information. We report U-Pb sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) ages and trace-element SHRIMP data from coesite-bearing zircon suites formed during UHP metamorphism in the North- East Greenland Caledonides. Kyanite eclogite and quartzofeldspathic host gneiss samples from an island in J??kelbugt (78??00'N, 18??04'W) contained subspherical zircons with well-defined domains in cathodoluminescence (CL) images. The presence of coesite is confirmed by Raman spectroscopy in six zircons from four samples. Additional components of the eclogite-facies inclusion suite include kyanite, omphacite, garnet, and rutile. The trace-element signatures in core domains reflect modification of igneous protolith zircon. Rim signatures show flat heavy rare earth element (HREE) patterns that are characteristic of eclogite-facies zircon. The kyanite eclogites generally lack a Eu anomaly, whereas a negative Eu anomaly persists in all domains of the host gneiss. The 207Pb- corrected 206Pb/238U ages range from 330 to 390 Ma for the host gneiss and 330-370 Ma for the kyanite eclogite. Weighted mean 206Pb/238U ages for coesite-bearing domains vary from 364 ?? 8 Ma for the host gneiss to 350 ?? 4 Ma for kyanite eclogite. The combined U-Pb and REE data interpreted in conjunction with observed CL domains and inclusion suites suggest that (1) Caledonian metamorphic zircon formed by both new zircon growth and recrystallization, (2) UHP metamorphism occurred near the end of the Caledonian collision, and (3) the 30-50m.y. span of ages records long residence times at eclogite-facies conditions for the UHProcks of North-East Greenland. This spread in observed ages is interpreted to be characteristic of metamorphic rocks that have experienced relatively long (longer than 10 m.y.) residence times at UHP conditions. ?? 2006 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2006.2403(02)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"McClelland, W., Power, S., Gilotti, J.A., Mazdab, F., and Wopenka, B., 2006, U-Pb SHRIMP geochronology and trace-element geochemistry of coesite-bearing zircons, North-East Greenland Caledonides: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 403, p. 23-43, https://doi.org/10.1130/2006.2403(02).","startPage":"23","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216273,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2006.2403(02)"},{"id":244136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"403","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9bee4b08c986b327d96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McClelland, W.C.","contributorId":66929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClelland","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Power, S.E.","contributorId":82944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilotti, J. A.","contributorId":15776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilotti","given":"J.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mazdab, F.K.","contributorId":11650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazdab","given":"F.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wopenka, B.","contributorId":56064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wopenka","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035442,"text":"70035442 - 2006 - Water-quality characteristics and contaminants in the rural karst-dominated Spring Mill Lake watershed, southern Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035442","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water-quality characteristics and contaminants in the rural karst-dominated Spring Mill Lake watershed, southern Indiana","docAbstract":"The Spring Mill Lake watershed is located in the Mitchell Plateau, a karst area that developed on Mississippian carbonates in southern Indiana. Spring Mill Lake is a reservoir built in the late 1930s and is located in Spring Mill State Park. Within the park, groundwater from subsurface conduits issues as natural springs and then flows in surface streams to the lake. From 1998 to 2002, surface and subsurface hydrology and water quality were investigated to determine the types and sources of potential contaminants entering the lake. Water samples collected during base flow and a February 2000 storm event were analyzed for selected cations, anions, trace elements, selected U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) primary and secondary drinkingwater contaminants, nitrogen isotopes, suspended solids, Escherichia coli, and pesticides. All of the water samples met the EPA drinking-water standards for inorganic constituents, except those collected at five sites in August 1999 during a drought. Nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) concentrations were highest during base-flow conditions and displayed a dilutional trend during peak-flow periods. The NO3-N concentrations in water samples collected during the 2001 spring fertilizer applications tended to increase from early to late spring. All of the ??15N values were low, which is indicative of either an inorganic source or soil organic matter. Storm discharge contained increased concentrations of total suspended solids; thus, storms are responsible for most of the sediment accumulation in the lake. E. coli levels in 24% of the samples analyzed contained a most probable number (MPN) greater than 235/100 mL, which is the maximum acceptable level set for recreational waters in Indiana. E. coli does appear to be a potential health risk, particularly at Rubble spring. The sources of E. coli found at this spring may include barnyard runoff from a horse barn or wastes from a wastewater treatment facility. The pesticides atrazine, metolachlor, acetochlor, and simazine were detected during the spring of 2001. Atrazine, metolachlor, acetochlor, and simazine are used to suppress weeds during corn and soybean production. Additional sources of atrazine and simazine may result from application to right-of-ways, orchards, and managed forest areas. ?? 2006 Geological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2006.2404(13)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Hasenmueller, N., Buehler, M., Krothe, N., Comer, J., Branam, T., Ennis, M., Smith, R., Zamani, D., Hahn, L., and Rybarczyk, J., 2006, Water-quality characteristics and contaminants in the rural karst-dominated Spring Mill Lake watershed, southern Indiana: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 404, p. 153-167, https://doi.org/10.1130/2006.2404(13).","startPage":"153","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215469,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2006.2404(13)"},{"id":243277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"404","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcdd5e4b08c986b32e0f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hasenmueller, N.R.","contributorId":89950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hasenmueller","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buehler, M.A.","contributorId":43588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buehler","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krothe, N.C.","contributorId":76378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krothe","given":"N.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Comer, J.B.","contributorId":34185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Comer","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Branam, T.D.","contributorId":52332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Branam","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ennis, M.V.","contributorId":100125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ennis","given":"M.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, R.T.","contributorId":37558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zamani, D.D.","contributorId":22127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zamani","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hahn, L.","contributorId":81327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hahn","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rybarczyk, J.P.","contributorId":52006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybarczyk","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70035439,"text":"70035439 - 2006 - An integrated chronostratigraphic data system for the twenty-first century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:55","indexId":"70035439","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An integrated chronostratigraphic data system for the twenty-first century","docAbstract":"Research in stratigraphy is increasingly multidisciplinary and conducted by diverse research teams whose members can be widely separated. This developing distributed-research process, facilitated by the availability of the Internet, promises tremendous future benefits to researchers. However, its full potential is hindered by the absence of a development strategy for the necessary infrastructure. At a National Science Foundation workshop convened in November 2001, thirty quantitative stratigraphers and database specialists from both academia and industry met to discuss how best to integrate their respective chronostratigraphic databases. The main goal was to develop a strategy that would allow efficient distribution and integration of existing data relevant to the study of geologic time. Discussions concentrated on three major themes: database standards and compatibility, strategies and tools for information retrieval and analysis of all types of global and regional stratigraphic data, and future directions for database integration and centralization of currently distributed depositories. The result was a recommendation to establish an integrated chronostratigraphic database, to be called Chronos, which would facilitate greater efficiency in stratigraphic studies (http://www.chronos.org/) . The Chronos system will both provide greater ease of data gathering and allow for multidisciplinary synergies, functions of fundamental importance in a variety of research, including time scale construction, paleoenvironmental analysis, paleoclimatology and paleoceanography. Beyond scientific research, Chronos will also provide educational and societal benefits by providing an accessible source of information of general interest (e.g., mass extinctions) and concern (e.g., climatic change). The National Science Foundation has currently funded a three-year program for implementing Chronos.. ?? 2006 Geological Society of America. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/2006.2397(04)","issn":"00721077","usgsCitation":"Sikora, P., Ogg, J.G., Gary, A., Cervato, C., Gradstein, F., Huber, B., Marshall, C., Stein, J., and Wardlaw, B., 2006, An integrated chronostratigraphic data system for the twenty-first century: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, no. 397, p. 53-59, https://doi.org/10.1130/2006.2397(04).","startPage":"53","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215438,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2006.2397(04)"}],"issue":"397","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea7fe4b0c8380cd488d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sikora, P.J.","contributorId":35146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sikora","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ogg, James G.","contributorId":66842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ogg","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gary, A.","contributorId":66505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gary","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cervato, C.","contributorId":70201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cervato","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gradstein, Felix","contributorId":17060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gradstein","given":"Felix","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Huber, B.T.","contributorId":68389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huber","given":"B.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Marshall, C.","contributorId":31222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stein, J.A.","contributorId":45919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wardlaw, B.","contributorId":14111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70029460,"text":"70029460 - 2006 - Scale and plant invasions: A theory of biotic acceptance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:51","indexId":"70029460","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3116,"text":"Preslia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scale and plant invasions: A theory of biotic acceptance","docAbstract":"We examined the relationship between native and alien plant species richness, cover, and estimated biomass at multiple spatial scales. The large dataset included 70511-m2 subplots, 1443 10-m2 subplots, and 727100-m2 subplots, nested in 727 1000-m2 plots in 37 natural vegetation types in seven states in the central United States. We found that native and alien species richness (averaged across the vegetation types) increased significantly with plot area. Furthermore, the relationship between native and alien species richness became increasingly positive and significant from the plant neighbourhood scale (1-m2) to the 10-m2, 100-m2, and the 1000-m2 scale where over 80% of the vegetation types had positive slopes between native and alien species richness. Both native and alien plant species may be responding to increased resource availability and/or habitat heterogeneity with increased area. We found significant positive relationships between the coefficient of variation of native cover in 1-m2 subplots in a vegetation type (i.e. a measure of habitat heterogeneity), and both the relative cover and relative biomass of alien plant species. At the 1000-m2 scale, we did find weak negative relationships between native species richness and the cover, biomass, and relative cover of alien plant species. However, we found very strong positive relationships between alien species richness and the cover, relative cover, and relative biomass of alien species at regional scales. These results, along with many other field studies in natural ecosystems, show that the dominant genera pattern in invasion ecology at multiple spatial scales is one of \"biotic acceptance\" where natural ecosystems tend to accommodate the establishment and coexistence of introduced species despite the presence and abundance of native species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Preslia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00327786","usgsCitation":"Stohlgren, T., Jarnevich, C., Chong, G., and Evangelista, P., 2006, Scale and plant invasions: A theory of biotic acceptance: Preslia, v. 78, no. 4, p. 405-426.","startPage":"405","endPage":"426","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":237709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8706e4b08c986b316272","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarnevich, C.","contributorId":68099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chong, G.W.","contributorId":54153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chong","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evangelista, P.H.","contributorId":31708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evangelista","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029462,"text":"70029462 - 2006 - Reconstructing depositional processes and history from reservoir stratigraphy: Englebright Lake, Yuba River, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T11:15:12","indexId":"70029462","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconstructing depositional processes and history from reservoir stratigraphy: Englebright Lake, Yuba River, northern California","docAbstract":"

Reservoirs provide the opportunity to link watershed history with its stratigraphic record. We analyze sediment cores from a northern California reservoir in the context of hydrologic history, watershed management, and depositional processes. Observations of recent depositional patterns, sediment‐transport calculations, and 137Cs geochronology support a conceptual model in which the reservoir delta progrades during floods of short duration (days) and is modified during prolonged (weeks to months) drawdowns that rework topset beds and transport sand from topsets to foresets. Sediment coarser than 0.25–0.5 mm deposits in foresets and topsets, and finer material falls out of suspension as bottomset beds. Simple hydraulic calculations indicate that fine sand (0.063–0.5 mm) is transported into the distal bottomset area only during floods. The overall stratigraphy suggests that two phases of delta building occurred in the reservoir. The first, from dam construction in 1940 to 1970, was heavily influenced by annual, prolonged >20 m drawdowns of the water level. The second, built on top of the first, reflects sedimentation from 1970 to 2002 when the influence of drawdowns was less. Sedimentation rates in the central part of the reservoir have declined ∼25% since 1970, likely reflecting a combination of fewer large floods, changes in watershed management, and winnowing of stored hydraulic mining sediment.

","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2005JF000451","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Snyder, N., Wright, S., Alpers, C.N., Flint, L.E., Holmes, C.W., and Rubin, D.M., 2006, Reconstructing depositional processes and history from reservoir stratigraphy: Englebright Lake, Yuba River, northern California: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 111, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JF000451.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477534,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jf000451","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":237746,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":210731,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JF000451"}],"volume":"111","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-10-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a24de4b0e8fec6cdb564","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, N.P.","contributorId":13415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"N.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, S.A.","contributorId":90080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":422840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flint, L. E. 0000-0002-7868-441X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":38180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"L.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holmes, C. W.","contributorId":36076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rubin, D. M.","contributorId":103689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":422839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030464,"text":"70030464 - 2006 - Bobcat attack on a cottontail rabbit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:03","indexId":"70030464","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bobcat attack on a cottontail rabbit","docAbstract":"We observed an attack by a bobcat (Lynx rufus) on a cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus) that involved stealthy approach by the cat for >1 h, followed by a 12.3-s chase covering 116.0 m for the cat and 128.4 m for the rabbit. During the chase, the route of the cat from starting point to kill site was more direct than the semi-circular route of the rabbit. Stride lengths for the cat and total distance covered by the chase were longer than those previously reported for bobcats.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[119:BAOACR]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00384909","usgsCitation":"Biggins, E., and Biggins, D., 2006, Bobcat attack on a cottontail rabbit: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 51, no. 1, p. 119-122, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[119:BAOACR]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"119","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212010,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2006)51[119:BAOACR]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":239413,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1f0e4b0c8380cd4aef3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biggins, E.","contributorId":88303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biggins, D.M.","contributorId":60017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}