In 1965, a ground-water recharge facility was constructed and placed in operation to forestall an impending water shortage at Minot, North Dakota. The facility is unique in that the rate of recharge to a buried sand and gravel aquifer is augmented by perforating an overlying bed of clay using hydraulic connectors (gravel-filled bored holes) in conjunction with an open-pit excavation. The connectors were drilled by typical well-boring techniques and the open pit was excavated by common construction methods. The recharge technique made it possible to add about million gallons per day of water to underground storage with a total capital investment of about $200,000. The alternative originally proposed was a 50-mile long pipeline to Garrison Reservoir, at a 1959 estimated cost of $12,000,000. The recharge technique employed at Minot should have wide application in the ground-water industry in areas where natural recharge to permeable deposits is impeded by overlying beds of low permeability.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1968.tb01650.x","usgsCitation":"Pettyjohn, W.A., 1968, Design and construction of a dual recharge system at Minot, North Dakota: Groundwater, v. 6, no. 4, p. 4-8, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1968.tb01650.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"8","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352370,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","city":"Minot","volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff5db8e4b0da30c1bfdd92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pettyjohn, Wayne A.","contributorId":20724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pettyjohn","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011488,"text":"70011488 - 1968 - Isotope studies of dolomite formation under sedimentary conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T16:58:41.406632","indexId":"70011488","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotope studies of dolomite formation under sedimentary conditions","docAbstract":"Measurements of stable isotope abundances of the carbonate portion of the sediment in Deep Springs Lake, California, indicate the presence of at least three phases: a magnesian calcite, a primary sedimentary dolomite, and a detrital dolomite. The former two have isotopic compositions consistent with precipitation at isotopic equilibrium from waters of the lake area. The measured isotopic fractionation factor between sedimentary dolomite and its interstitial water is 1.0351, which is outside the range possible for calcite-water. This indicates that the dolomite has formed by direct crystallization from solution and not from a caloite precursor without further isotope exchange.
Isotopic and X-ray evidence does not support the contention of Petersonet al. (1966) that Deep Springs Lake dolomite crystals grow by means of a calcite-like surface layer.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(68)90076-8","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Clayton, R., and Jones, B., 1968, Isotope studies of dolomite formation under sedimentary conditions: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 32, no. 4, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(68)90076-8.","productDescription":"20 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220910,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f8ce4b0c8380cd645ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clayton, R.N.","contributorId":36291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"R.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, B.F.","contributorId":52156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011487,"text":"70011487 - 1968 - Water sample filtration unit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-20T15:24:22.455576","indexId":"70011487","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water sample filtration unit","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es60016a004","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Skougstad, M., and Scarbro, G., 1968, Water sample filtration unit: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 2, no. 4, p. 298-301, https://doi.org/10.1021/es60016a004.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"298","endPage":"301","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220909,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcc6fe4b08c986b32db42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skougstad, M. W.","contributorId":59418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skougstad","given":"M. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scarbro, G.F. Jr.","contributorId":96007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scarbro","given":"G.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011532,"text":"70011532 - 1968 - Activity product constant of cryolite at 25°C and one atmosphere using selective-ion electrodes to estimate sodium and fluoride activities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-15T12:24:32","indexId":"70011532","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Activity product constant of cryolite at 25°C and one atmosphere using selective-ion electrodes to estimate sodium and fluoride activities","docAbstract":"The activity product constant of cryolite (Na3AlF6) at 25°C and 1 atm total pressure was calculated from data for solutions from which synthetic cryolite or mixtures of cryolite and a solid apparently related to ralstonite had precipitated. The activities of fluoride and of sodium were estimated using specific ion electrodes. The activity of Al3+ was calculated from aluminum concentrations using equations which involve aluminum species existing in water solutions containing fluoride and hydroxide ions.
\nFor the reaction Na3AlF6(c) = 3Na(aq)+ + Al3+(aq) + 6E-(aq) the activity product constant Kso is 10−33.84, and the standard free energy of formation at 25°C is -745.4±1.0 kcal mole−1. This latter is identical to a value from the literature which is based on calorimetric data.
\nAlthough cryolite and related minerals are easily precipitated in the laboratory, their relative scarcity in nature suggests that the effect of influences, perhaps solutes other than those occurring in the structure, may inhibit or prevent the formation of cryolite.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(68)90033-1","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Roberson, C.E., and Hem, J., 1968, Activity product constant of cryolite at 25°C and one atmosphere using selective-ion electrodes to estimate sodium and fluoride activities: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 32, no. 12, p. 1343-1351, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(68)90033-1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1343","endPage":"1351","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6d0e4b0c8380cd4764a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberson, C. E.","contributorId":40190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hem, J.D.","contributorId":54576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hem","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2013,"text":"wsp1839L - 1968 - Geology and ground-water resources of Fillmore County, Nebraska, with a section on chemical quality of the water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-02T20:09:09.399812","indexId":"wsp1839L","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1839","chapter":"L","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Fillmore County, Nebraska, with a section on chemical quality of the water","docAbstract":"Fillmore County, an area 24 miles square, lies in the eastern part of the Nebraska loess plain. Although tributaries of the Big Blue River have eroded valleys into this plain, much of the original surface is intact. Broad flats and numerous shallow undrained depressions characterize the plain. \r\n\r\nThe county is underlain by unconsolidated deposits of Quaternary age to depths ranging from about 80 to 450 feet. The upper part of this depositional sequence consists largely of wind-deposited clayey silt, and the lower part of stream-deposited sand and gravel. In part of the county, deposits of glacial till also are included. The Quaternary deposits mantle an eroded surface of marine-deposited strata of Cretaceous age. \r\n\r\nThe lower deposits of Quaternary age are saturated and constitute a highly productive aquifer throughout much of the county. The saturated zone ranges from about 20 to 350 feet in thickness. Replenishment to this aquifer, derived principally from precipitation, is believed to average about 1.4 inches per year. Because the quantity of ground water pumped per year exceeds the average annual quantity of recharge, some of the water used for irrigation is from storage. Consequently, water levels in wells .are declining. This trend is likely to continue. \r\n\r\nThe ground water is of the calcium bicarbonate type and is hard, but it is chemically suitable for irrigation use on most soils in the county.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1839L","usgsCitation":"Keech, C.F., Dreeszen, V., and Petri, L.R., 1968, Geology and ground-water resources of Fillmore County, Nebraska, with a section on chemical quality of the water: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1839, Report: iv, 27 p.; 2 Plates: 45.81 x 36.50 inches and 37.00 x 16.49 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1839L.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 27 p.; 2 Plates: 45.81 x 36.50 inches and 37.00 x 16.49 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110026,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25053.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25053"},{"id":27470,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1839l/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27471,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1839l/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137581,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1839l/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27469,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1839l/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","county":"Fillmore County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-97.3685,40.699],[-97.3678,40.4376],[-97.3686,40.3514],[-97.4827,40.3506],[-97.8206,40.351],[-97.8236,40.3505],[-97.8246,40.4367],[-97.8256,40.5243],[-97.826,40.6105],[-97.8245,40.6985],[-97.7111,40.6983],[-97.3685,40.699]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Fillmore\",\"state\":\"NE\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685b6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keech, Charles Franklin","contributorId":44123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keech","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"Franklin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dreeszen, V. H.","contributorId":8825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreeszen","given":"V. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Petri, L. R.","contributorId":48944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petri","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":887471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70175661,"text":"70175661 - 1968 - Ground-water discharge from the Edwards and associated limestones, San Antonio area, Texas, 1967","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T15:02:44","indexId":"70175661","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5177,"text":"Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"17","title":"Ground-water discharge from the Edwards and associated limestones, San Antonio area, Texas, 1967","docAbstract":"No abstracts available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Edwards Underground Water District","usgsCitation":"Rettman, P., 1968, Ground-water discharge from the Edwards and associated limestones, San Antonio area, Texas, 1967: Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin 17, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326760,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b58ad1e4b03bcb0104bbc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rettman, Paul","contributorId":68699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rettman","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175662,"text":"70175662 - 1968 - Records of precipitation, aquifer head, and ground-water recharge to the Edwards and associated limestones, San Antonio area, Texas, 1967","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T15:05:30","indexId":"70175662","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5177,"text":"Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"18","title":"Records of precipitation, aquifer head, and ground-water recharge to the Edwards and associated limestones, San Antonio area, Texas, 1967","docAbstract":"No abstracts available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Edwards Underground Water District","usgsCitation":"Rettman, P., 1968, Records of precipitation, aquifer head, and ground-water recharge to the Edwards and associated limestones, San Antonio area, Texas, 1967: Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin 18, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326761,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b58b56e4b03bcb0104bc45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rettman, Paul","contributorId":68699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rettman","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011483,"text":"70011483 - 1968 - Runoff from an asphalt-treated watershed at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:29","indexId":"70011483","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Runoff from an asphalt-treated watershed at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"Preprints","language":"English","issn":"05693799","usgsCitation":"Ballance, W.C., Basler, J., and McCall, J., 1968, Runoff from an asphalt-treated watershed at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, in Preprints, v. 13, no. 4.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaec6e4b0c8380cd871f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ballance, W. C.","contributorId":98315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballance","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Basler, J.A.","contributorId":85171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Basler","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCall, J.E.","contributorId":66846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCall","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":32642,"text":"pp600C - 1968 - Geological Survey research 1968: Chapter C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-15T21:49:11.650321","indexId":"pp600C","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"600","chapter":"C","title":"Geological Survey research 1968: Chapter C","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Scientific notes and summaries of investigations in geology, hydrology, and related fields (Professional Paper 600)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp600C","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1968, Geological Survey research 1968: Chapter C: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 600, 225 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp600C.","productDescription":"225 p.","numberOfPages":"230","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466489,"rank":19,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93473.htm","text":"Zonal relations and paleomagnetism of the Spearhead and Rocket Wash Members of the Thirsty Canyon Tuff, southern Nevada","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":466488,"rank":18,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_45570.htm","text":"High-level Quaternary beach deposits in northwestern Puerto Rico","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":466483,"rank":13,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_27433.htm","text":"Recent volcanic activity on Augustine Island, Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":466482,"rank":12,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_27432.htm","text":"Organic geochemistry of recent sediments in the Choctawhatchee Bay area, Florida - a preliminary report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":466480,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_27430.htm","text":"Basement-rock geochronology of the Black Canyon of the Gunnison, Colorado","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":466479,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_27429.htm","text":"Foraminifer from the Clayton Formation (Paleocene) in southeastern Hardman County, Tennessee","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":466477,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_27427.htm","text":"Quartz diorite-quartz monzonite and granite plutons of the Pasayten River area, Washington - petrology, age, and emplacement","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":466476,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_27426.htm","text":"Mineralogy of a rutile- and apatite-bearing ultramafic chlorite rock, Harford County, Maryland","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":466475,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_27425.htm","text":"Refractive index of glass beads distinguishes Tertiary basalts in the Grays River area, southwestern Washington","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":466474,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_27424.htm","text":"Chemistry of primary minerals and rocks from the Red Mountain - Del Puerto ultramafic mass, California","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":113045,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0600c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":466487,"rank":17,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_27437.htm","text":"Notes on the geohydrology of the Dakota Sandstone, eastern North Dakota","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":466486,"rank":16,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_27436.htm","text":"Tertiary trough between the Arkansas and San Luis Valleys, Colorado","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":466485,"rank":15,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_27435.htm","text":"Geology of the Klamath River delta, California","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":466484,"rank":14,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_27434.htm","text":"The Troy Valley of southeastern Wisconsin","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":466481,"rank":11,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_27431.htm","text":"Precambrian geochronology of the northwestern Uncompahgre Plateau, Utah and Colorado","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":422299,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_27423.htm","text":"Occurrence of refractory clay in Randolph County, W. Va.","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":163591,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0600c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":466478,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_27428.htm","text":"Permian and Pennsylvanian stratigraphy and nomenclature, Elk Mountains, Colorado","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db6877d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":81365,"text":"81365 - 1968 - Water quality of streams tributary to Lakes Superior and Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:59","indexId":"81365","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":84,"text":"Special Scientific Report - Fisheries","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"559","title":"Water quality of streams tributary to Lakes Superior and Michigan","docAbstract":"Water quality of streams tributary to Lakes Superior and Michigan was analyzed for 142 stations on 99 streams tributary to Lake Superior and 83 stations on 56 streams tributary to Lake Michigan during 1962-65. Concentrations of aluminum, copper, and iron were not affected greatly by flow or season. Magnesium, calcium, chlorides, total alkalinity, total hardness, and conductivity varied with the flow, temperature, and season; the lowest values were during the spring runoff and heavy rains, and the highest were during low water in late summer and the colder periods of winter. Concentrations of nitrate, silica, and sulfates were lowest in the spring and summer. Concentrations of tanninlike and ligninlike compounds were highest during the spring runoff and other high-water periods, and were lowest during freezeup when surface runoff was minimal. The pH values were highest from June to September and lowest during the spring runoff. Phenolphthalein alkalinity was detected primarily in the summer and coincided occasionally with low flows just before the spring thaw. Total hardness usually was lower in streams tributary to Lake Superior than in streams tributary to Lake Michigan. The total hardness was higher in the streams in Wisconsin than in the streams in Michigan along the west shore of Lake Michigan. It was lowest in the northernmost streams. The water quality of the streams in an area was related to the geological characteristics of the land.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, J.W., 1968, Water quality of streams tributary to Lakes Superior and Michigan: Special Scientific Report - Fisheries 559, 41 p.","productDescription":"41 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"41","numberOfPages":"41","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":101757,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo.31924071938512?urlappend=%3Bseq=735"},{"id":192815,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9964","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, Jerome W.","contributorId":18073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Jerome","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70171394,"text":"70171394 - 1968 - Seattle Metro's Duwamish estuary water quality program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-31T09:50:14","indexId":"70171394","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2573,"text":"Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seattle Metro's Duwamish estuary water quality program","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Water Environment Federation","usgsCitation":"Gibbs, C.V., and Isaac, G.W., 1968, Seattle Metro's Duwamish estuary water quality program: Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, v. 40, no. 3, p. 385-394.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"385","endPage":"394","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321879,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":321878,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/25036045"}],"volume":"40","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574eb5dce4b0ee97d51a83fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibbs, Charles V.","contributorId":169725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibbs","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Isaac, Gary W.","contributorId":169726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Isaac","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70191352,"text":"70191352 - 1968 - Maps showing locations of surface water stations: catalog of information on water data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-05T15:38:52","indexId":"70191352","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Maps showing locations of surface water stations: catalog of information on water data","docAbstract":"United States Bureau of the Budget Circular A-67, issued in 1964, calls upon the Department of the Interior to coordinate certain water-data-acquisition activities by Federal agencies. The Circular contains guidelines for coordinating Federal water-data collection from streams, lakes, reservoirs, estuaries, and ground water; it also contains guidelines for developing a national network to acquire the data. Specific responsibilities are: (1) design and operation of a national network for acquiring water data, including organizing the network data; (2) coordination of national network and specialized water-data acquisition activities, and preparation of an annual Federal plan for water-data acquisition; and (3) maintenance of a central catalog of information on water data and on Federal activities being planned or conducted to acquire such data.
The Office of Water Data Coordination (OWOC) was established within the Interior Department's Geological Survey to serve as a focal point for activities in conjunction with implementation of the Circular. The \"Catalog of Information on Water Data\" was developed in response to item 3.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70191352","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1968, Maps showing locations of surface water stations: catalog of information on water data (Edition 1968), 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70191352.","productDescription":"94 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":346425,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70191352/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":346435,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70191352/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","edition":"Edition 1968","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59d744a4e4b05fe04cc7e32b"} ,{"id":70190818,"text":"70190818 - 1968 - Selected hydrologic data, San Pitch River drainage basin, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T17:03:21","indexId":"70190818","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5498,"text":"Utah Basic-Data Release","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"14","title":"Selected hydrologic data, San Pitch River drainage basin, Utah","docAbstract":"The u.s. Geological Survey investigated the ground-water resources of the San Pitch River drainage basin during the period 1964- 67. The investigation was a cooperative project, financed equally by the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights, and the Federal Government, and was a part of an investigation of the groundwater resources of the entire Sevier River drainage system.
This report is intended to serve two purposes: (1) To make available to the public basic water-resources data useful in planning and studying development of water resources and (2) to supplement an interpretive report that will be published later. Included in the release are data collected by the Geological Survey since 1930.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with The Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Robinson, G., 1968, Selected hydrologic data, San Pitch River drainage basin, Utah: Utah Basic-Data Release 14, 44 p.","productDescription":"44 p.","numberOfPages":"49","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345794,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345793,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/docview.exe?Folder=TP21-1-270&Title=Basic+Data+Report+14"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"San Pitch River drainage basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59bb9538e4b091459a578210","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, G.B.","contributorId":178487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":710545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000188,"text":"1000188 - 1968 - Annulus formation on scales of four species of coregonids reared under artificial conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-11T15:23:05","indexId":"1000188","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annulus formation on scales of four species of coregonids reared under artificial conditions","docAbstract":"Scales from known-age coregonids reared in the laboratory were examined to determine when annuli formed and to learn possible factors of their formation. Scales were taken monthly from marked fish for periods up to 21 months. Scales were also examined from fish that died and from preserved specimens of young-of-the-year for each species. Two marks formed on almost all scales each calendar year. The stronger formed during March-April and the weaker in October-November. Both marks had all the usual characteristics of an annulus but the spring mark was considered the annulus and the fall mark an accessory check. The annulus formed during a period of constant temperatures and of little change in growth or increasing growth. The accessory check formed during a period of declining temperatures (1-5 degrees F, or 0.6-2.8 degrees C, per month) and of little change in growth or declining growth. Most fish grew throughout the winter; the only exceptions were one bloater (Coregonus hoyi) and several of the largest lake whitefish (C. clupeaformis). Fish were always given all the food they would eat to eliminate availability of food as a factor of mark formation. The temperature of the water during the winter (50 ±. 0.3 F; 10.0 ±. 0.2 C) did not arrest metabolic activity. The growth rate was related more closely to day length than to other variables examined.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, Ontario","doi":"10.1139/f68-188","usgsCitation":"Hogman, W.J., 1968, Annulus formation on scales of four species of coregonids reared under artificial conditions: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 25, no. 10, p. 2111-2122, https://doi.org/10.1139/f68-188.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2111","endPage":"2122","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7ec1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hogman, Walter J.","contributorId":34092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogman","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000407,"text":"1000407 - 1968 - Seasonal depth distribution of fish in southeastern Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:05","indexId":"1000407","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1663,"text":"Fishery Bulletin","printIssn":"0090-0656","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal depth distribution of fish in southeastern Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"This study is based on systematic seasonal bottom trawling between 3 and 50 fathoms (5.5 and 91.5 m.) from February to November 1964 and supplementary information from other experimental fishing at additional depths and with other gear. The seasonal depth distribution of eight common species is described, and temperature relations are discussed. Catch records for less common species are mentioned briefly.\r\nAlewives are mostly pelagic during their first 2 years, but many young of the year are on the bottom in the fall, and yearlings occasionally descend to the bottom in substantial numbers in the spring and fall. Adults are mostly on the bottom in the winter and spring, but a significant portion of the population may be at mid-levels in the summer and fall. Bloaters are in midwater during their first 2 years, but usually on the bottom thereafter. Young-of-the-year American smelt are in midwater except in the fall, yearlings are in midwater or on the bottom, and adults are mostly on the bottom.\r\nAlewives, bloaters, smelt, spottail shiners, trout-perch, and yellow perch on the bottom moved into shallower water in the spring and into deeper water in the fall, in response to temperature changes. Slimy sculpins abandoned inshore areas as water warmed in the spring. Fourhorn sculpins showed a slight movement shoreward in the spring, but changed their depth distribution little thereafter to the end of the trawling season.\r\nAlewives showed the greatest seasonal change in distribution. Large concentrations at 40 to perhaps 70 fathoms (73.2-128.0 m.) in mid-March had migrated to water of less than 15 fathoms (27.4 m.) by mid-April. They were in shallow water along shore or in rivers until early summer; then they began a postspawning movement back into deeper water which continued into the fall. Depth ranges in which greatest numbers of other common species occurred, considering all seasons as a whole, were as follows: bloater, 12 to 50 fathoms (21.9-91.5 m.); American smelt, 5 to 17 fathoms (9.1-31.1 m.); spottail shiners, 3 to 15 fathoms (5.5-27.4 m.); trout-perch, 5 to 17 fathoms (9.1-31.1 m.); yellow perch, 3 to 15 fathoms (5.5-27.4 m.); slimy sculpins, 15 to 40 fathoms (27.4-73.2 m.); fourhorn sculpins, 45 to 70 fathoms (82.2-128.0 m.).\r\nWater temperature ranges (A? C.) in which the various species were most abundant in summer were: alewife, 8 to 22; bloater, 6 to 10; smelt, 6 to 14; spottail shiner, 13 to at least 22; trout-perch, 10 to 16; yellow perch, 11 to at least 22; slimy sculpin, 4 to 6; fourhorn sculpin, 4 to 4.5. Fluctuations in inshore water temperatures in the summer caused short-term changes in depth distribution.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fishery Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Wells, L., 1968, Seasonal depth distribution of fish in southeastern Lake Michigan: Fishery Bulletin, v. 67, no. 1, p. 1-15.","productDescription":"p. 1-15","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db62426f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, LaRue","contributorId":75476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"LaRue","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000113,"text":"1000113 - 1968 - Rehabilitation of lake trout in the Apostle Islands region of Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-18T13:58:01","indexId":"1000113","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rehabilitation of lake trout in the Apostle Islands region of Lake Superior","docAbstract":"Marked success of rehabilitation of lake trout in Lake Superior has been due principally to the control of the sea lamprey and closure of the lake trout fishery in 1962 and large-scale plantings of yearling lake trout in 1959-66. After the sea lamprey became established in the late 1940s, spawning stocks of lake trout began to decrease and were almost nonexistent by 1960-61. After control of the sea lamprey and closure of the commercial fishery for lake trout in 1962, the abundance of spawning stocks began to rise and reached the highest levels on record in 1964-66. Successful spawning in 1964 and 1965 was demonstrated by catches of age-0 lake trout in 1965 and 1966, the first evidence of natural reproduction since 1959. Plantings of hatchery-reared lake trout in Wisconsin waters of Lake Superior began in 1952. The percentage of hatchery-reared fish in catches of juvenile lake trout increased almost steadily from 1953 to 1965 (when nearly all were of hatchery origin). The abundance of juvenile fish increased from 1959 to 1962 and remained nearly constant in 1962-66. The success of lake trout plantings was highest in 1959-61 but generally declined after 1961; the success of the plantings was inversely related to the abundance of older lake trout. Annual increments of growth of hatchery-reared lake trout varied from 1.1 to 5.0 inches after planting. The average lengths of fish of identical age-groups varied according to gear of capture, depth of water, and season. More than 65% of the season's growth of age-III lake trout took place after September. The findings indicate that the present rate of stocking lake trout may be higher than necessary to maintain optimum abundance.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f68-122","usgsCitation":"Dryer, W.R., and King, G.R., 1968, Rehabilitation of lake trout in the Apostle Islands region of Lake Superior: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 25, no. 7, p. 1377-1403, https://doi.org/10.1139/f68-122.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"1377","endPage":"1403","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c39e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dryer, William R.","contributorId":71921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dryer","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, George R.","contributorId":74721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000305,"text":"1000305 - 1968 - An electric beam trawl for the capture of larval lampreys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-04T16:05:15","indexId":"1000305","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An electric beam trawl for the capture of larval lampreys","docAbstract":"The chemicals used to control the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, in the Great Lakes have drastically reduced populations of larval lampreys in tributary streams. These larvicides are too costly and difficult to apply, however, in inland lakes, estuaries, and bays. Populations of sea lampreys in these areas constitute a threat to the refinement of the control. The gear available to locate, ample, and evaluate larval populations in deep water are inefficient. Electric shockers, satisfactory for collecting ammocoetes in streams, are limited to shallow water. The use of mechanical devices such as the Petersen dredge, anchor dredge, and the orange-peel dredge is time consuming, inefficient, and relatively ineffective in providing reliable quantitative evaluation of population size and composition over large areas of bottom. A device was required to sample adequately many areas in a short period of time, regardless of the depth of water. Mobility also was essential to permit operation of the unit in the various Great Lakes and in inland waters. An electrified beam trawl has been developed that most nearly meets these requirements. It has been used successfully to collect larvae of the sea lamprey, American brook lamprey (Lampetra lamottei), northern brook lamprey (Ichthyomyzon fossor), and silver lamprey (I. unicuspis). Effectiveness of the trawl did not appear to differ with species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1968)97[289:AEBTFT]2.0.CO;2","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"McLain, A., and Dahl, F.H., 1968, An electric beam trawl for the capture of larval lampreys: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 97, no. 3, p. 289-293, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1968)97[289:AEBTFT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"293","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266966,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1968)97[289:AEBTFT]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":131663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684b78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLain, Alberton","contributorId":81451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLain","given":"Alberton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dahl, Frederick H.","contributorId":90258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahl","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194905,"text":"70194905 - 1968 - Geology and hydrology of a proposed site for burial of solid radioactive waste southeast of Beatty, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-29T13:23:38","indexId":"70194905","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"WASH-1143","title":"Geology and hydrology of a proposed site for burial of solid radioactive waste southeast of Beatty, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is a virulent disease of young trouts and is easily transmitted from infected animals through water and with eggs. At present, the most effective control measure consists of propagation of specific pathogen-free stock. Methods are described for using fish cell cultures to detect IPN virus in peritoneal washes, feces, and gonadal fluids and thereby to identifiy carrier and non-carrier fish. The procedures were used to derive virus-free progeny from a hatchery trout population containing about one-third carrier fish. The progeny were reared to maturity, spawned for 3 successive years, and at each spawning they proved free of virus. Recommendations and precautions are given for those who may wish to apply the procedures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/f68-030","usgsCitation":"Wolf, K., Quimby, M.C., Carlson, C.P., and Bullock, G.L., 1968, Infectious pancreatic necrosis: Selection of virus-free stock from a population of carrier trout: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 25, no. 2, p. 383-391, https://doi.org/10.1139/f68-030.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"383","endPage":"391","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197309,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee939","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolf, K.","contributorId":16344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quimby, M. C.","contributorId":14334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quimby","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlson, C. P.","contributorId":7229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carlson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bullock, G. L.","contributorId":69498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullock","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70010802,"text":"70010802 - 1968 - Tree leaf control on low flow water quality in a small Virginia stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-20T15:14:41.216714","indexId":"70010802","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tree leaf control on low flow water quality in a small Virginia stream","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es60014a005","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Slack, K.V., and Feltz, H., 1968, Tree leaf control on low flow water quality in a small Virginia stream: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 2, no. 2, p. 126-131, https://doi.org/10.1021/es60014a005.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"126","endPage":"131","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218806,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Quantico Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.34760827944903,\n 38.57279994132702\n ],\n [\n -77.34726858634457,\n 38.57261981740339\n ],\n [\n -77.34691140753456,\n 38.57289212803224\n ],\n [\n -77.34691140753456,\n 38.5731262796582\n ],\n [\n 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V.","contributorId":82386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feltz, H.R.","contributorId":49341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feltz","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010458,"text":"70010458 - 1968 - Studies in the system MgO-SiO2-CO2-H2O(I): The activity-product constant of chrysotile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T17:04:40.02958","indexId":"70010458","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Studies in the system MgO-SiO2-CO2-H2O(I): The activity-product constant of chrysotile","docAbstract":"Chrysotile dissolves congruently in water according to the reaction: Mg3Si2O6(OH)4c + 5H2Ol = 3Mgaq2+ + 6OHaq− + 2H4SiO4aq. Experimental determination of the activity-product constant of chrysotile, Kchr = [Mg2+]3[OH−]6[H4SiO4aq]2, at 90°C, yields the value of Kchr = 10−49.2 ± 100.5. A synthetic sample and a natural sample from New Idria, California, were used in the determination.
Values of Kchr were calculated for temperatures ranging from 0°C to 200°C, using the thermochemical data of Kinget al. (1967) for chrysotile and antigorite, various solubility data for silica, and ionic partial molal heat capacities estimated by the method of criss and Cobble (1964a). Kchr is 10−54.1 at 0°C, rises to a maximum value of 10−48.5 at approximately 135°C, and is 10−49.1 at 200°C (all values for the three-phase system, chrysotile plus solution plus vapor). The calculated 90°C value is 10−49.1, in excellent agreement with the experimental value; for 25°C, the calculated value is 10−50.8.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(68)90041-0","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Hostetler, P.B., and Christ, C., 1968, Studies in the system MgO-SiO2-CO2-H2O(I): The activity-product constant of chrysotile: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 32, no. 5, p. 485-497, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(68)90041-0.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"485","endPage":"497","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9c8ae4b08c986b31d42b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostetler, P. B.","contributorId":107849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hostetler","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":13719,"text":"Department of Geology, University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":358971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christ, C. L.","contributorId":53906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christ","given":"C. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53414,"text":"ofr6867 - 1968 - Geology, hydrology, and quality of water in the Hanford-Visalia area, San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-09T23:02:14.422878","indexId":"ofr6867","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"68-67","title":"Geology, hydrology, and quality of water in the Hanford-Visalia area, San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr6867","usgsCitation":"Croft, M.G., and Gordon, G.V., 1968, Geology, hydrology, and quality of water in the Hanford-Visalia area, San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 68-67, Report: v, 63 p.; 15 Plates: 43.83 x 23.15 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr6867.","productDescription":"Report: v, 63 p.; 15 Plates: 43.83 x 23.15 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413936,"rank":18,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52120.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":87299,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87298,"rank":17,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87297,"rank":16,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87296,"rank":15,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87295,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87294,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87293,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87292,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87291,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87290,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87289,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87288,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87287,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87286,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87285,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87284,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":175000,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1968/0067/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Hanford-Visalia area, San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -118.8167,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -118.8167,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 36.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8ddb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Croft, Mark G.","contributorId":24426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croft","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gordon, G. V.","contributorId":30254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70010826,"text":"70010826 - 1968 - Chemical potential of water from measurements of optic axial angle of zeolites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-29T17:02:57.500714","indexId":"70010826","displayToPublicDate":"1968-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1968","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical potential of water from measurements of optic axial angle of zeolites","docAbstract":"Values of the uncorrected optic axial angle (2Hα) of a crystal of the calcium zeolite stellerite (CaAl2Si7Ol8 · 7H20) immersed in calcium chloride solutions of known activity of water (aw) are directly proportional to log aw. A general relationship between the chemical potential of water in the crystal and the optic axial angle is obeyed.
The North American continental margin beneath the Bering Sea is nearly 1,300 km long and extends from Alaska to eastern Siberia. The margin is a canyon-scarred 3,200–3,400-m high escarpment separating one of the world's largest epicontinental seas (the shallow Bering Sea) and the Aleutian Basin (the deep-water Bering Sea), a marginal oceanic basin distinguished by having its southern boundary formed by the Aleutian Ridge.
Three geomorphic provinces can be recognized: a southeastern province characterized by a gentle continental slope (lacking V-shaped canyons) and an outlying continental borderland (formed by Umnak Plateau); a central province distinguished by a steep canyon-scarred slope, and a northwestern province having a gentler and, apparently, less eroded continental slope.
Continuous seismic reflection profiles show that the margin is constructed of three major structural-stratigraphic units: (1) an acoustic basement underlying the outer shelf and upper slope; (2) an overlying main layered sequence; and (3) a stratified rise unit underlying and forming the continental rise at the base of the slope.
The existing margin evolved with downbowing and faulting of the acoustic basement, an older margin probably of Late Mesozoic age, consisting in part of well-indurated siltstone and mudstone, in Early Tertiary time. Concomitant with subsidence as much as 1,500 m of main-layered-sequence strata were draped over the basement. Intense canyon cutting, presumed to have been caused by the rapid deposition of unstable masses of riverborn sediment over the outer shelf and upper slope, is thought to have begun in Late Tertiary and Quaternary time. Concurrent with canyon cutting, submarine fans, consisting of turbidites forming the rise unit, accrued at the base of the continental slope.
Subsidence of the continental margin during the Tertiary may be related to foundering (“oceanization”) of a continental block to form the Aleutian Basin, or to simple isostatic depression of a former segment of the North Pacific oceanic floor in response to sediment infilling north of the Aleutian Ridge.