Anomalously thick and coarse clastic sedimentary successions, including over 5000 m of conglomerate, are exposed on Isle Madame off the southern coast of Cape Breton island. Two steeply to moderately dipping stratigraphic packages are recognized: one involving Horton and lower Windsor groups (Tournasian–Visean); the other involving upper Windsor and Mabou (Visean–Namurian) groups. Also anomalous on isle Madame are three long narrow belts of “basement” rocks, together with voluminous chloritic microbreccia and minor semi-ductile mylonite, which are separated from the conglomerate-dominated successions by faults. The angular relations between the cataclastic rocks and the conglomerate units, combined with the presence of cataclasite clasts in the conglomerate units and evidence of dip-slip faults within the basin, suggest an extensional setting, where listric normal faults outline detachment allochthons. Allochthon geometry requires two stages of extension, the older stage completed in early Windsor Group time and including most of the island, and the more local younger stage completed in Mabou Group time. Domino-style upper-plate faulting in the younger stage locally repeated the older detachment relation of basement and conglomerate to form the observed narrow belts. Re-rotation of older successions in the younger stage also locally overturned the Horton Group. These features developed within a broad zone of Carboniferous dextral transcurrent faulting between already-docked Avalon and Meguma terranes. Sites of transpression and transtension alternated along the Cobequid-Chedabucto fault zone that separated these terranes. The earlier extensional features in isle Madame likely represent the northern headwall and associated clastic debris of a pull-apart or other type of transtensional basin developed along part of this fault zone that had become listric; they were repeated and exposed by being up-ended in the second stage of extension, also on listric faults. The two-stage history on isle Madame exposes the deeper parts of one of the Horton-age extensional basins of the Maritimes, others of which have been described as half-grabens based on their shallower exposures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Atlantic Geology","doi":"10.4138/2156","usgsCitation":"Force, E.R., and Barr, S., 2006, A Lower Carboniferous two-stage extensional basin along the Avalon-Meguma terrane boundary: Evidence from southeastern Isle Madame, Nova Scotia: Atlantic Geology, v. 42, no. 1, p. 53-68, https://doi.org/10.4138/2156.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477581,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4138/2156","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":239133,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Nova Scotia","otherGeospatial":"Isle Madame","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -60.86096556191771,\n 45.60210122802951\n ],\n [\n -61.142749831179415,\n 45.60210122802951\n ],\n [\n -61.142749831179415,\n 45.44539295380835\n ],\n [\n -60.86096556191771,\n 45.44539295380835\n ],\n [\n -60.86096556191771,\n 45.60210122802951\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2e7e4b0c8380cd45d0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Force, Eric R.","contributorId":32916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Force","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barr, S. M.","contributorId":64398,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barr","given":"S. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030410,"text":"70030410 - 2006 - Landslides triggered by the 2004 Niigata Ken Chuetsu, Japan, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:03","indexId":"70030410","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landslides triggered by the 2004 Niigata Ken Chuetsu, Japan, earthquake","docAbstract":"The Niigata Ken Chuetsu earthquake triggered a vast number of lanslides in the epicentral region. Landslide concentrations were among the highest ever measured after an earthquake, and most of the triggered landslides were relatively shallow failures parallel to the steep slope faces. The dense concentration of landslides can be attributed to steep local topography in relatively weak geologic units, adverse hydrologic conditions caused by significant antecedent rainfall, and very strong shaking. Many of the landslides could be discerned from high-resolution satellite imagery acquired immediately after the earthquake. ?? 2006, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1193/1.2173021","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Kieffer, D., Jibson, R., Rathje, E., and Kelson, K., 2006, Landslides triggered by the 2004 Niigata Ken Chuetsu, Japan, earthquake: Earthquake Spectra, v. 22, no. SUPPL. 1, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2173021.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211780,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2173021"},{"id":239134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"SUPPL. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4468e4b0c8380cd66a9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kieffer, D.S.","contributorId":103080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieffer","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jibson, R.","contributorId":75331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jibson","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rathje, E.M.","contributorId":19777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathje","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelson, K.","contributorId":73816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelson","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70029027,"text":"70029027 - 2006 - Statistical modeling of storm-level Kp occurrences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T11:41:51","indexId":"70029027","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical modeling of storm-level Kp occurrences","docAbstract":"We consider the statistical modeling of the occurrence in time of large Kp magnetic storms as a Poisson process, testing whether or not relatively rare, large Kp events can be considered to arise from a stochastic, sequential, and memoryless process. For a Poisson process, the wait times between successive events occur statistically with an exponential density function. Fitting an exponential function to the durations between successive large Kp events forms the basis of our analysis. Defining these wait times by calculating the differences between times when Kp exceeds a certain value, such as Kp ??? 5, we find the wait-time distribution is not exponential. Because large storms often have several periods with large Kp values, their occurrence in time is not memoryless; short duration wait times are not independent of each other and are often clumped together in time. If we remove same-storm large Kp occurrences, the resulting wait times are very nearly exponentially distributed and the storm arrival process can be characterized as Poisson. Fittings are performed on wait time data for Kp ??? 5, 6, 7, and 8. The mean wait times between storms exceeding such Kp thresholds are 7.12, 16.55, 42.22, and 121.40 days respectively.","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2006GL026687","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Remick, K., and Love, J.J., 2006, Statistical modeling of storm-level Kp occurrences: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 33, no. 16, Article L16102; 4 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026687.","productDescription":"Article L16102; 4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477533,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl026687","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":236285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209625,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026687"}],"volume":"33","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9734e4b08c986b31b946","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Remick, K.J.","contributorId":78139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Remick","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Love, Jeffrey J. 0000-0002-3324-0348 jlove@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","contributorId":760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jlove@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":421014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030862,"text":"70030862 - 2006 - Stable carbon isotope depth profiles and soil organic carbon dynamics in the lower Mississippi Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:15","indexId":"70030862","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1760,"text":"Geoderma","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable carbon isotope depth profiles and soil organic carbon dynamics in the lower Mississippi Basin","docAbstract":"Analysis of depth trends of 13C abundance in soil organic matter and of 13C abundance from soil-respired CO2 provides useful indications of the dynamics of the terrestrial carbon cycle and of paleoecological change. We measured depth trends of 13C abundance from cropland and control pairs of soils in the lower Mississippi Basin, as well as the 13C abundance of soil-respired CO2 produced during approximately 1-year soil incubation, to determine the role of several candidate processes on the 13C depth profile of soil organic matter. Depth profiles of 13C from uncultivated control soils show a strong relationship between the natural logarithm of soil organic carbon concentration and its isotopic composition, consistent with a model Rayleigh distillation of 13C in decomposing soil due to kinetic fractionation during decomposition. Laboratory incubations showed that initially respired CO 2 had a relatively constant 13C content, despite large differences in the 13C content of bulk soil organic matter. Initially respired CO2 was consistently 13C-depleted with respect to bulk soil and became increasingly 13C-depleted during 1-year, consistent with the hypothesis of accumulation of 13C in the products of microbial decomposition, but showing increasing decomposition of 13C-depleted stable organic components during decomposition without input of fresh biomass. We use the difference between 13C / 12C ratios (calculated as ??-values) between respired CO 2 and bulk soil organic carbon as an index of the degree of decomposition of soil, showing trends which are consistent with trends of 14C activity, and with results of a two-pooled kinetic decomposition rate model describing CO2 production data recorded during 1 year of incubation. We also observed inconsistencies with the Rayleigh distillation model in paired cropland soils and reasons for these inconsistencies are discussed. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geoderma","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.03.005","issn":"00167061","usgsCitation":"Wynn, J., Harden, J., and Fries, T.L., 2006, Stable carbon isotope depth profiles and soil organic carbon dynamics in the lower Mississippi Basin: Geoderma, v. 131, no. 1-2, p. 89-109, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.03.005.","startPage":"89","endPage":"109","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211387,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.03.005"},{"id":238668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"131","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9663e4b08c986b31b495","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wynn, J.G.","contributorId":16215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wynn","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fries, T. L.","contributorId":12053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fries","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70029026,"text":"70029026 - 2006 - Hybridization and cytonuclear associations among native westslope cutthroat trout, introduced rainbow trout, and their hybrids within the Stehekin River drainage, North Cascades National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-23T15:26:26","indexId":"70029026","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hybridization and cytonuclear associations among native westslope cutthroat trout, introduced rainbow trout, and their hybrids within the Stehekin River drainage, North Cascades National Park","docAbstract":"Historic introductions of nonnative rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss into the native habitats of cutthroat trout O. clarkii have impacted cutthroat trout populations through introgressive hybridization, creating challenges and concerns for cutthroat trout conservation. We examined the effects of rainbow trout introductions on the native westslope cutthroat trout O. c. lewisii within the Stehekin River drainage, North Cascades National Park, Washington, by analyzing 1,763 salmonid DNA samples from 18 locations with nine diagnostic nuclear DNA markers and one diagnostic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) marker. Pure westslope cutthroat trout populations only occurred above upstream migration barriers in the Stehekin River and Park Creek. Two categories of rainbow trout admixture were observed: (1) less than 10% within the Stehekin River drainage above the Bridge Creek confluence and the middle and upper Bridge Creek drainage and (2) greater than 30% within the Stehekin River below the Bridge Creek confluence and in lower Bridge Creek. Hybrid indices and multilocus genotypes revealed an absence of rainbow trout and reduced hybrid diversity within the Stehekin River above the Bridge Creek confluence relative to hybrid diversity in the Stehekin River below the confluence and within lower Bridge Creek. Cytonuclear disequilibrium statistics revealed assortative mating between westslope cutthroat and rainbow trout but not among hybrids within the same locations. This suggests that a randomly mating hybrid swarm does not currently exist. However, continual migration of parental genotypes into the study location could also create significant cytonuclear disequilibria. The Stehekin River represents a novel and unique example of a dynamic hybridization zone where the invasion of rainbow trout alleles into the Stehekin River westslope cutthroat trout population above the Bridge Creek confluence appears to be impeded, suggesting that divergent ecological or evolutionary mechanisms promote the population structure within the Stehekin River drainage, depending upon location.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/T05-209.1","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Ostberg, C., and Rodriguez, R.J., 2006, Hybridization and cytonuclear associations among native westslope cutthroat trout, introduced rainbow trout, and their hybrids within the Stehekin River drainage, North Cascades National Park: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 135, no. 4, p. 924-942, https://doi.org/10.1577/T05-209.1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"924","endPage":"942","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236284,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209624,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T05-209.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.97869873046875,\n 48.67101262432597\n ],\n [\n -121.30004882812499,\n 48.542068763606494\n ],\n [\n -121.11328124999999,\n 48.23930899024905\n ],\n [\n -120.5255126953125,\n 48.372672242291294\n ],\n [\n -120.68206787109375,\n 48.66557095325139\n ],\n [\n -120.92651367187499,\n 48.68189420361744\n ],\n [\n -120.97869873046875,\n 48.67101262432597\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"135","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32c1e4b0c8380cd5ea52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ostberg, C.O.","contributorId":15361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostberg","given":"C.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, R. J.","contributorId":53107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":421013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030415,"text":"70030415 - 2006 - Factors determining Pochard nest predation along a wetland gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-17T15:41:52","indexId":"70030415","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors determining Pochard nest predation along a wetland gradient","docAbstract":"Waterfowl management on breeding grounds focuses on improving nest success, but few studies have compared waterfowl nest success and factors affecting nest survival along a wetland gradient and simultaneously identified nest predators. We monitored nests (n = 195) of common pochards (Aythya ferina) in Trebon Basin Biosphere Reserve, Czech Republic, during 1999–2002. Daily nest survival rates (DSRs, logistic-exposure) declined from island (0.985, 95% confidence interval, 0.978–0.991) to overwater (0.962, 0.950–0.971) and terrestrial (0.844, 0.759–0.904) nests. The most parsimonious model for DSRs included habitat class (DSRs: island > overwater > terrestrial) and nest visibility. Nest survival was improved by reduced nest visibility, increased water depth, and increased distance from the nest to habitat edge in littoral habitats. On islands, nest success increased with advancing date and increased distance to open water. A model of constant nest survival best explained the data for terrestrial nests. There were no observer effects on DSRs in any habitat. In 2003, artificial nests (n = 180; 120 contained a wax-filled egg) were deployed on study plots. The model that best explained variation in DSRs for artificial nests included only 1 variable: habitat class (DSRs: island ≥ overwater > terrestrial). Mammalian predation of artificial nests (by foxes [Vulpes vulpes] and martens [Martes spp.]) was more likely in terrestrial habitats than in littoral habitats or on islands. By contrast, corvids and marsh harriers (Circus aeruginosus) prevailed among predators of overwater and island nests. Our data indicate that artificial islands and wide strips of littoral vegetation may represent secure breeding habitats for waterfowl because those habitats allow nests to be placed in areas that are not accessible to, or that are avoided by, mammalian predators. Management actions should be aimed at preserving these habitats. This, along with creation of new artificial islands, could help to enhance breeding productivity of pochards and possibly other waterfowl species inhabiting man-made ponds.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[784:FDPNPA]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Albrecht, T., Horak, D., Kreisinger, J., Weidinger, K., Klvana, P., and Michot, T., 2006, Factors determining Pochard nest predation along a wetland gradient: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 3, p. 784-791, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[784:FDPNPA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"784","endPage":"791","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Czech Republic","otherGeospatial":"Trebon Basin Biosphere Reserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 14.724340438842772,\n 48.980104320525676\n ],\n [\n 14.782533645629881,\n 48.980104320525676\n ],\n [\n 14.782533645629881,\n 49.00313898314858\n ],\n [\n 14.724340438842772,\n 49.00313898314858\n ],\n [\n 14.724340438842772,\n 48.980104320525676\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e92e4b0c8380cd53511","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albrecht, T.","contributorId":68533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albrecht","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horak, D.","contributorId":50728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horak","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kreisinger, J.","contributorId":88556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreisinger","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weidinger, K.","contributorId":15825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidinger","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klvana, P.","contributorId":22966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klvana","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Michot, T.C. 0000-0002-7044-987X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-987X","contributorId":43426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michot","given":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030416,"text":"70030416 - 2006 - Population momentum: Implications for wildlife management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:03","indexId":"70030416","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population momentum: Implications for wildlife management","docAbstract":"Maintenance of sustainable wildlife populations is one of the primary purposes of wildlife management. Thus, it is important to monitor and manage population growth over time. Sensitivity analysis of the long-term (i.e., asymptotic) population growth rate to changes in the vital rates is commonly used in management to identify the vital rates that contribute most to population growth. Yet, dynamics associated with the long-term population growth rate only pertain to the special case when there is a stable age (or stage) distribution of individuals in the population. Frequently, this assumption is necessary because age structure is rarely estimated. However, management actions can greatly affect the age distribution of a population. For initially growing and declining populations, we instituted hypothetical management targeted at halting the growth or decline of the population, and measured the effects of a changing age structure on the population dynamics. When we changed vital rates, the age structure became unstable and population momentum caused populations to grow differently than that predicted by the long-term population growth rate. Interestingly, changes in fertility actually reversed the direction of short-term population growth, leading to long-term population sizes that were actually smaller or larger than that when fertility was changed. Population momentum can significantly affect population dynamics and will be an important factor in the use of population models for management.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[19:PMIFWM]2.0.CO;2","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Koons, D.N., Rockwell, R., and Grand, J., 2006, Population momentum: Implications for wildlife management: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 70, no. 1, p. 19-26, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[19:PMIFWM]2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"19","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211863,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[19:PMIFWM]2.0.CO;2"},{"id":239235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7d83e4b0c8380cd79fc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koons, D. N.","contributorId":68093,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koons","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rockwell, R.F.","contributorId":22527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockwell","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grand, J.B.","contributorId":11150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030630,"text":"70030630 - 2006 - Three-dimensional model for multi-component reactive transport with variable density groundwater flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70030630","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1551,"text":"Environmental Modelling and Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional model for multi-component reactive transport with variable density groundwater flow","docAbstract":"PHWAT is a new model that couples a geochemical reaction model (PHREEQC-2) with a density-dependent groundwater flow and solute transport model (SEAWAT) using the split-operator approach. PHWAT was developed to simulate multi-component reactive transport in variable density groundwater flow. Fluid density in PHWAT depends not on only the concentration of a single species as in SEAWAT, but also the concentrations of other dissolved chemicals that can be subject to reactive processes. Simulation results of PHWAT and PHREEQC-2 were compared in their predictions of effluent concentration from a column experiment. Both models produced identical results, showing that PHWAT has correctly coupled the sub-packages. PHWAT was then applied to the simulation of a tank experiment in which seawater intrusion was accompanied by cation exchange. The density dependence of the intrusion and the snow-plough effect in the breakthrough curves were reflected in the model simulations, which were in good agreement with the measured breakthrough data. Comparison simulations that, in turn, excluded density effects and reactions allowed us to quantify the marked effect of ignoring these processes. Next, we explored numerical issues involved in the practical application of PHWAT using the example of a dense plume flowing into a tank containing fresh water. It was shown that PHWAT could model physically unstable flow and that numerical instabilities were suppressed. Physical instability developed in the model in accordance with the increase of the modified Rayleigh number for density-dependent flow, in agreement with previous research. ?? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Modelling and Software","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2004.11.008","issn":"13648152","usgsCitation":"Mao, X., Prommer, H., Barry, D., Langevin, C., Panteleit, B., and Li, L., 2006, Three-dimensional model for multi-component reactive transport with variable density groundwater flow: Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 21, no. 5, p. 615-628, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2004.11.008.","startPage":"615","endPage":"628","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487629,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/101311","text":"External Repository"},{"id":211906,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2004.11.008"},{"id":239284,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb332e4b08c986b325c48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mao, X.","contributorId":97704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mao","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prommer, H.","contributorId":12264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prommer","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barry, D.A.","contributorId":100194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barry","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Langevin, C.D.","contributorId":25976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Panteleit, B.","contributorId":70597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panteleit","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Li, L.","contributorId":63615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030631,"text":"70030631 - 2006 - Mineralogy and geochemistry of the No. 6 Coal (Pennsylvanian) in the Junger Coalfield, Ordos Basin, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70030631","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy and geochemistry of the No. 6 Coal (Pennsylvanian) in the Junger Coalfield, Ordos Basin, China","docAbstract":"This paper discusses the mineralogy and geochemistry of the No. 6 Coal (Pennsylvanian) in the Junger Coalfield, Ordos Basin, China. The results show that the vitrinite reflectance (0.58%) is lowest and the proportions of inertinite and liptinite (37.4% and 7.1%, respectively) in the No. 6 Coal of the Junger Coalfield are highest among all of the Late Paleozoic coals in the Ordos Basin. The No. 6 Coal may be divided vertically into four sections based on their mineral compositions and elemental concentrations. A high boehmite content (mean 6.1%) was identified in the No. 6 Coal. The minerals associated with the boehmite in the coal include goyazite, rutile, zircon, and Pb-bearing minerals (galena, clausthalite, and selenio-galena). The boehmite is derived from weathered and oxidized bauxite in the weathered crust of the underlying Benxi Formation (Pennsylvanian). A high Pb-bearing mineral content of samples ZG6-2 and ZG6-3 is likely of hydrothermal origin. The No. 6 coal is enriched in Ga (44.8 ??g/g), Se (8.2 ??g/g), Sr (423 ??g/g), Zr (234 ??g/g), REEs (193.3 ??g/g), Hg (0.35 ??g/g), Pb (35.7 ??g/ g), and Th (17.8 ??g/g). Gallium and Th in the No. 6 Coal mainly occur in boehmite, and the Pb-bearing selenide and sulfide minerals contribute not only to Se and Pb contents in the coal, but also probably to Hg content. A high Zr content is attributed to the presence of zircon, and Sr is related to goyazite. The REEs in the coal are supplied from the sediment-source region, and the REEs leached from the adjacent partings by groundwater. ?? 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2005.08.003","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Dai, S., Ren, D., Chou, C.L., Li, S., and Jiang, Y., 2006, Mineralogy and geochemistry of the No. 6 Coal (Pennsylvanian) in the Junger Coalfield, Ordos Basin, China: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 66, no. 4, p. 253-270, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.08.003.","startPage":"253","endPage":"270","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211907,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2005.08.003"}],"volume":"66","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5abae4b0c8380cd6f0b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dai, S.","contributorId":9757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dai","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ren, D.","contributorId":79212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ren","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chou, C. L.","contributorId":32655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Li, S.","contributorId":41969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jiang, Y.","contributorId":102272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030632,"text":"70030632 - 2006 - Cross-shelf subtidal variability in San Pedro Bay during summer, 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70030632","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cross-shelf subtidal variability in San Pedro Bay during summer, 2001","docAbstract":"A total of 16 moorings were deployed across the San Pedro shelf, one of the two wider embayments in the Southern California Bight, from near the surfzone to the upper-slope. On the middle and outer shelf in the summer of 2001, the currents flowed strongly equatorward at the surface and had large vertical shears through the well-stratified water column. This equatorward flow differs from predominantly poleward flow found in previous studies of the coastal margin further west. In deeper water, near the shelf break, the shears were such that near-bottom flows were poleward and incorporated into the upper parts of the Southern California Undercurrent over the slope. Mid-shelf current fluctuations, with periods of 10-25 days, along with upwelling over the shelf, were not related to local winds, but were significantly correlated with the large-scale alongshore pressure gradient. Shorter period (???7-10 days) inner shelf alongshore currents, however, were significantly correlated with the alongshore wind at the shelf break. A CEOF analysis gives two significant modes, with the first mode dominant over the outer and middle shelf. The wind-forced second mode connects the inner shelf to the poleward undercurrent over the slope such that increases in the poleward flow over the slope are correlated with increases in the equatorward current inshore of the 15 m isobath.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Continental Shelf Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2006.01.009","issn":"02784343","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, P., Noble, M., Largier, J., Rosenfeld, L., and Robertson, G., 2006, Cross-shelf subtidal variability in San Pedro Bay during summer, 2001: Continental Shelf Research, v. 26, no. 6, p. 681-702, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2006.01.009.","startPage":"681","endPage":"702","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211934,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2006.01.009"}],"volume":"26","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcc5e4b0c8380cd4e414","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, P.","contributorId":42034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noble, M.A.","contributorId":93513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Largier, J.","contributorId":12690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Largier","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosenfeld, L.K.","contributorId":24957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenfeld","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robertson, G.","contributorId":100585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030636,"text":"70030636 - 2006 - Characterization and identification of Na-Cl sources in ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030636","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization and identification of Na-Cl sources in ground water","docAbstract":"Elevated concentrations of sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl -) in surface and ground water are common in the United States and other countries, and can serve as indicators of, or may constitute, a water quality problem. We have characterized the most prevalent natural and anthropogenic sources of Na+ and Cl- in ground water, primarily in Illinois, and explored techniques that could be used to identify their source. We considered seven potential sources that included agricultural chemicals, septic effluent, animal waste, municipal landfill leachate, sea water, basin brines, and road deicers. The halides Cl-, bromide (Br-), and iodide (I-) were useful indicators of the sources of Na+-Cl- contamination. Iodide enrichment (relative to Cl-) was greatest in precipitation, followed by uncontaminated soil water and ground water, and landfill leachate. The mass ratios of the halides among themselves, with total nitrogen (N), and with Na+ provided diagnostic methods for graphically distinguishing among sources of Na+ and Cl- in contaminated water. Cl/Br ratios relative to Cl- revealed a clear, although overlapping, separation of sample groups. Samples of landfill leachate and ground water known to be contaminated by leachate were enriched in I- and Br-; this provided an excellent fingerprint for identifying leachate contamination. In addition, total N, when plotted against Cl/Br ratios, successfully separated water contaminated by road salt from water contaminated by other sources. Copyright ?? 2005 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00127.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Panno, S., Hackley, K.C., Hwang, H., Greenberg, S., Krapac, I., Landsberger, S., and O’Kelly, D.J., 2006, Characterization and identification of Na-Cl sources in ground water: Ground Water, v. 44, no. 2, p. 176-187, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00127.x.","startPage":"176","endPage":"187","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211990,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00127.x"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4aee4b0c8380cd4be61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Panno, S.V.","contributorId":102990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panno","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hackley, Keith C.","contributorId":12166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hwang, H.-H.","contributorId":6981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hwang","given":"H.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greenberg, S.E.","contributorId":56441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenberg","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krapac, I.G.","contributorId":33850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapac","given":"I.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Landsberger, S.","contributorId":105900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landsberger","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"O’Kelly, D. J.","contributorId":81686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Kelly","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70030638,"text":"70030638 - 2006 - Radiolaria and pollen records from 0 to 50 ka at ODP Site 1233: Continental and marine climate records from the Southeast Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030638","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiolaria and pollen records from 0 to 50 ka at ODP Site 1233: Continental and marine climate records from the Southeast Pacific","docAbstract":"Site 1233 drilled during Leg 202 of the Ocean Drilling Program provides a detailed record of marine and continental climate change in the Southeast Pacific and South American continent. Splits from over 500 samples taken at 20 cm intervals for quantitative analysis of radiolarian and pollen populations yield a temporal resolution of 200-400 years. In each sample, 39 pollen taxa and 40 radiolarian species and genera were evaluated. Age control is provided by 25 AMS 14C dates [Lamy, F., Kaiser, J., Ninnemann, U., Hebbeln, D., Arz, H.W., Stoner, J., 2004. Science 304, 1959-1962]. Multivariate statistical analyses of these data allow us to conclude the following: (1) During the past 50 ka, the region of the central Chile coast is not directly influenced by polar water from the Antarctic region. (2) Changes in ocean conditions off central Chile during this time interval primarily reflect north-south shifts in the position of the South Pacific transition zone. (3) Changes in Chilean vegetation reflect comparable latitudinal shifts in precipitation and the position of the southern westerlies. (4) The first canonical variate of radiolarian and pollen records extracted from Site 1233 are remarkably similar to each other as well as to temperature records from the Antarctic, which suggests that marine and continental climate variability in the region is tightly coupled at periods longer than 3000 years. (5) The phase coupling of these climate records, which lead variations of continental erosion based on iron abundance at the same site, are consistent with a hypothesis that erosion is linked to relatively long (i.e, few thousand years) response times of the Patagonian ice sheet, and thus is not a direct indicator of regional climate. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.06.009","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Pisias, N.G., Heusser, L., Heusser, C., Hostetler, S.W., Mix, A., and Weber, M., 2006, Radiolaria and pollen records from 0 to 50 ka at ODP Site 1233: Continental and marine climate records from the Southeast Pacific: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 25, no. 5-6, p. 455-473, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.06.009.","startPage":"455","endPage":"473","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212022,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.06.009"},{"id":239425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a93ffe4b0c8380cd81141","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pisias, N. G.","contributorId":93640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pisias","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heusser, L.","contributorId":106888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heusser","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heusser, C.","contributorId":107495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heusser","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hostetler, S. W. 0000-0003-2272-8302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":42911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mix, A.C.","contributorId":31139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mix","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weber, M.","contributorId":93231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70030640,"text":"70030640 - 2006 - D/H ratios and hydrogen exchangeability of type-II kerogens with increasing thermal maturity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:05","indexId":"70030640","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"D/H ratios and hydrogen exchangeability of type-II kerogens with increasing thermal maturity","docAbstract":"Stable isotope ratios of non-exchangeable hydrogen (??Dn) and of carbon were measured in type-II kerogens from two suites of Late Devonian to Early Mississippian black shale, one from the New Albany Shale (Illinois Basin) and the other from the Exshaw Formation (Alberta Basin). The largely marine-derived organic matter had similar original stable isotope ratios, but today the suites of kerogens express gradients in thermal maturity that have altered their chemical and isotopic compositions. In both suites, ??D n values increase with maturation up to a vitrinite reflectance of Ro 1.5%, then level out. Increasing ??Dn values suggest isotopic exchange of organic hydrogen with water-derived deuterium and/or preferential loss of 1H-enriched chemical moieties from kerogen during maturation. The resulting changes in ??Dn values are altering the original hydrogen isotopic paleoenvironmental signal in kerogen, albeit in a systematic fashion. The specific D/H response of each kerogen suite through maturation correlates with H/C elemental ratio and can therefore be corrected to yield paleoenvironmentally relevant information for a calibrated system. With increasing thermal maturity, the abundance of hydrogen in the kerogen that is isotopically exchangeable with water hydrogen (expressed as Hex, in % of total hydrogen) first decreases to reach a minimum at Ro ??? 0.8-1.1%, followed by a substantial increase at higher thermal maturity. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.10.006","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Lis, G., Schimmelmann, A., and Mastalerz, M., 2006, D/H ratios and hydrogen exchangeability of type-II kerogens with increasing thermal maturity: Organic Geochemistry, v. 37, no. 3, p. 342-353, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.10.006.","startPage":"342","endPage":"353","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212052,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.10.006"},{"id":239461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd2fe4b0c8380cd4e6ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lis, G.P.","contributorId":94851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lis","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schimmelmann, A.","contributorId":28348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schimmelmann","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":427990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030643,"text":"70030643 - 2006 - Last glacial maximum and Holocene lake levels of Owens Lake, eastern California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70030643","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Last glacial maximum and Holocene lake levels of Owens Lake, eastern California, USA","docAbstract":"Stratigraphic investigations of fluvio-deltaic and lacustrine sediments exposed in stream cuts, quarry walls, and deep trenches east of the Sierra Nevada in Owens Valley near Lone Pine, California have enabled the reconstruction of pluvial Owens Lake level oscillations. Age control for these sediments is from 22 radiocarbon (14C) dates and the identification and stratigraphic correlation of a tephra, which when plotted as a function of age versus altitude, define numerous oscillations in the level of pluvial Owens Lake during the latest Pleistocene and early Holocene. We have constructed a lake-level altitude curve for the time interval ???27,000 cal yr BP to present that is based on the integration of this new stratigraphic analysis with published surface stratigraphic data and subsurface core data. Pluvial Owens Lake regressed from its latest Pleistocene highstands from ???27,000 to ???15,300 cal yr BP, as recorded by ???15 m of down cutting of the sill from the altitudes of ???1160 to 1145 m. By ???11,600 cal yr BP, the lake had dropped ???45 m from the 1145 m sill. This lowstand was followed by an early Holocene transgression that attained a highstand near 1135 m before dropping to 1120 m at 7860-7650 cal yr BP that had not been recognized in earlier studies. The lake then lowered another ???30 m to shallow and near desiccation levels between ???6850 and 4300 cal yr BP. Fluvial cut-and-fill relations north of Lone Pine and well-preserved shoreline features at ???1108 m indicate a minor lake-level rise after 4300 cal yr BP, followed by alkaline and shallow conditions during the latest Holocene. The new latest Quaternary lake-level record of pluvial Owens Lake offers insight to the hydrologic balance along the east side of the southern Sierra Nevada and will assist regional paleoclimatic models for the western Basin and Range. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.10.014","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Bacon, S., Burke, R.M., Pezzopane, S., and Jayko, A.S., 2006, Last glacial maximum and Holocene lake levels of Owens Lake, eastern California, USA: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 25, no. 11-12, p. 1264-1282, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.10.014.","startPage":"1264","endPage":"1282","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212078,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.10.014"},{"id":239496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44bae4b0c8380cd66d22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, S.N.","contributorId":41636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"S.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burke, R. M.","contributorId":37793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pezzopane, S.K.","contributorId":21575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pezzopane","given":"S.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jayko, A. S. 0000-0002-7378-0330","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-0330","contributorId":18011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jayko","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70174716,"text":"70174716 - 2006 - What is causing the phytoplankton increase in San Francisco Bay?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-28T15:07:18","indexId":"70174716","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"What is causing the phytoplankton increase in San Francisco Bay?","docAbstract":"The largest living component of San Francisco Bay is the phytoplankton, a suspension of microscopic cells that convert sunlight energy into new living biomass through the same process of photosynthesis used by land plants. This primary production is the ultimate source of food for clams, zooplankton, crabs, sardines, halibut, sturgeon, diving ducks, pelicans, and harbor seals. From measurements made in 1980, we estimated that phytoplankton primary production in San Francisco Bay was about 200,000 tons of organic carbon per year (Jassby et al. 1993). This is equivalent to producing the biomass of 5500 adult humpback whales, or the calories to feed 1.8 million people. These numbers may seem large, but primary production in San Francisco Bay is low compared to many other nutrient-enriched estuaries.
","language":"English","publisher":"San Francisco Estuary Institute","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J., Jassby, A., Schraga, T., and Dallas, K., 2006, What is causing the phytoplankton increase in San Francisco Bay?, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"62","endPage":"70","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325276,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325274,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sfei.org/documents/pulse-estuary-monitoring-and-managing-water-quality-san-francisco-estuary-0"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.244873046875,\n 38.048091067457236\n ],\n [\n -122.32177734375,\n 38.11943249695316\n ],\n [\n -122.40829467773436,\n 38.151837403006766\n ],\n [\n -122.49343872070312,\n 38.11403028044574\n ],\n [\n -122.49755859375,\n 38.06322991452765\n ],\n [\n -122.47970581054688,\n 38.002655740556705\n ],\n [\n -122.50579833984375,\n 37.933366792504366\n ],\n [\n -122.5140380859375,\n 37.871601285073424\n ],\n [\n -122.45498657226561,\n 37.80001858607365\n ],\n [\n -122.40966796874999,\n 37.80978395301097\n ],\n [\n -122.38357543945312,\n 37.75877280300828\n ],\n [\n -122.36434936523439,\n 37.71967662525055\n ],\n [\n -122.40142822265625,\n 37.693601037244406\n ],\n [\n -122.37945556640624,\n 37.63380988687157\n ],\n [\n -122.37396240234375,\n 37.59573590243413\n ],\n [\n -122.310791015625,\n 37.57723579111111\n ],\n [\n -122.25723266601562,\n 37.55764242679524\n ],\n [\n -122.19406127929688,\n 37.51190453731693\n ],\n [\n -122.12127685546875,\n 37.47921744485059\n ],\n [\n -122.091064453125,\n 37.437793259976544\n ],\n [\n -122.00729370117188,\n 37.421435292172944\n ],\n [\n -121.9482421875,\n 37.438883664067525\n ],\n [\n -121.93450927734375,\n 37.4530574713902\n ],\n [\n -121.99493408203125,\n 37.48575600784828\n ],\n [\n -122.07183837890625,\n 37.528242717975054\n ],\n [\n -122.13088989257814,\n 37.604440246103614\n ],\n [\n -122.16384887695312,\n 37.6968609874419\n ],\n [\n -122.21878051757811,\n 37.76202988573211\n ],\n [\n -122.29705810546874,\n 37.80544394934274\n ],\n [\n -122.30117797851561,\n 37.8553385894982\n ],\n [\n -122.32452392578125,\n 37.91495092582022\n ],\n [\n -122.398681640625,\n 37.9593578107923\n ],\n [\n -122.3712158203125,\n 37.990751356571195\n ],\n [\n -122.30392456054688,\n 38.010230251583245\n ],\n [\n -122.25585937500001,\n 38.05025395161286\n ],\n [\n -122.244873046875,\n 38.048091067457236\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5788b7c1e4b0d27deb387060","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jassby, A.D.","contributorId":172874,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jassby","given":"A.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schraga, T.S.","contributorId":107480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schraga","given":"T.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dallas, K.L.","contributorId":85013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dallas","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70030650,"text":"70030650 - 2006 - Effects of land cover on water table, soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and groundwater recharge: A Field observation and analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70030650","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of land cover on water table, soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and groundwater recharge: A Field observation and analysis","docAbstract":"The effects of land cover on water table, soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and groundwater recharge were studied with water level measurements collected from two monitoring wells over a period of 122 days. The two wells were installed under similar conditions except that one was drilled on the east side of a creek which was covered with grass, and the other on the west side of the creek which was burned into a bare ground. Substantial differences in water level fluctuations were observed at these two wells. The water level in the east grass (EG) well was generally lower and had much less response to rainfall events than the west no-grass (WNG) well. Grass cover lowered the water table, reduced soil moisture through ET losses, and thus reduced groundwater recharge. The amount of ET by the grass estimated with a water table recession model decreased exponentially from 7.6 mm/day to zero as the water table declined from near the ground surface to 1.42 m below the ground surface in 33 days. More groundwater recharge was received on the WNG side than on the EG side following large rainfall events and by significant slow internal downward drainage which may last many days after rainfall. Because of the decreased ET and increased R, significantly more baseflow and chemical loads may be generated from a bare ground watershed compared to a vegetated watershed. ?? 2005 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.06.044","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Zhang, Y., and Schilling, K.E., 2006, Effects of land cover on water table, soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and groundwater recharge: A Field observation and analysis: Journal of Hydrology, v. 319, no. 1-4, p. 328-338, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.06.044.","startPage":"328","endPage":"338","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239600,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212159,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.06.044"}],"volume":"319","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0733e4b0c8380cd515dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Y.-K.","contributorId":44309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Y.-K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schilling, K. E.","contributorId":61982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030651,"text":"70030651 - 2006 - Changes in late-winter snowpack depth, water equivalent, and density in Maine, 1926-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70030651","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Changes in late-winter snowpack depth, water equivalent, and density in Maine, 1926-2004","docAbstract":"Twenty-three snow-course sites in and near Maine, USA, with records spanning at least 50 years through to 2004 were tested for changes over time in snowpack depth, water equivalent, and density in March and April. Of the 23 sites, 18 had a significant decrease (Mann-Kendall test, p < 0??1) in snowpack depth or a significant increase in snowpack density over time. Data from four sites in the mountains of western Maine-northern New Hampshire with mostly complete records from 1926 to 2004 indicate that average snowpack depths have decreased by about 16% and densities have increased by about 11%. Average snowpack depths and water equivalents in western Maine-northern New Hampshire peaked in the 1950s and 1960s, and densities peaked in the most recent decade. Previous studies in western North America also found a water-equivalent peak in the third quarter of the 20th century. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.6111","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Hodgkins, G., and Dudley, R.W., 2006, Changes in late-winter snowpack depth, water equivalent, and density in Maine, 1926-2004, in Hydrological Processes, v. 20, no. 4, p. 741-751, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6111.","startPage":"741","endPage":"751","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212160,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6111"}],"volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f41ae4b0c8380cd4bb3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hodgkins, G.A.","contributorId":14022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dudley, R. W.","contributorId":90780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70030652,"text":"70030652 - 2006 - The vertical hydraulic conductivity of an aquitard at two spatial scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:14","indexId":"70030652","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The vertical hydraulic conductivity of an aquitard at two spatial scales","docAbstract":"Aquitards protect underlying aquifers from contaminants and limit recharge to those aquifers. Understanding the mechanisms and quantity of ground water flow across aquitards to underlying aquifers is essential for ground water planning and assessment. We present results of laboratory testing for shale hydraulic conductivities, a methodology for determining the vertical hydraulic conductivity (Kv) of aquitards at regional scales and demonstrate the importance of discrete flow pathways across aquitards. A regional shale aquitard in southeastern Wisconsin, the Maquoketa Formation, was studied to define the role that an aquitard plays in a regional ground water flow system. Calibration of a regional ground water flow model for southeastern Wisconsin using both predevelopment steady-state and transient targets suggested that the regional Kv of the Maquoketa Formation is 1.8 ?? 10 -11 m/s. The core-scale measurements of the Kv of the Maquoketa Formation range from 1.8 ?? 10-14 to 4.1 ?? 10-12 m/s. Flow through some additional pathways in the shale, potential fractures or open boreholes, can explain the apparent increase of the regional-scale Kv. Based on well logs, erosional windows or high-conductivity zones seem unlikely pathways. Fractures cutting through the entire thickness of the shale spaced 5 km apart with an aperture of 50 microns could provide enough flow across the aquitard to match that provided by an equivalent bulk Kv of 1.8 ?? 10-11 m/s. In a similar fashion, only 50 wells of 0.1 m radius open to aquifers above and below the shale and evenly spaced 10 km apart across southeastern Wisconsin can match the model Kv. Copyright ?? 2005 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00125.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Hart, D., Bradbury, K.R., and Feinstein, D.T., 2006, The vertical hydraulic conductivity of an aquitard at two spatial scales: Ground Water, v. 44, no. 2, p. 201-211, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00125.x.","startPage":"201","endPage":"211","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212161,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00125.x"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb1bae4b08c986b3253c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, D.J.","contributorId":92492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradbury, K. R.","contributorId":86070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feinstein, D. T.","contributorId":47328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feinstein","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030656,"text":"70030656 - 2006 - When landscaping goes bad: The incipient invasion of Mahonia bealei in the southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-12T12:15:47","indexId":"70030656","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"When landscaping goes bad: The incipient invasion of Mahonia bealei in the southeastern United States","docAbstract":"Woodlots are forest islands embedded within an urban matrix, and often represent the only natural areas remaining in suburban areas. Woodlots represent critical conservation areas for native plants, and are important habitat for wildlife in urban areas. Invasion by non-indigenous (NIS) plants can alter ecological structure and function, and may be especially severe in remnant forests where NIS propagule pressure is high. Woody shrubs in the Family Berberidaceae have been well documented as invaders of the forest-urban matrix in North America. Mahonia bealei (Berberidaceae) is a clonal shrub native to China, and is a popular ornamental in the Southeastern United States. Mahoni bealei is listed as \"present\" on some local and state floras, but almost nothing is known regarding its invasion potential in the United States. We sampled 15 woodlots in Clemson, South Carolina, to assess the invasion of M. bealei and other woody non-indigenous species (NIS). M. bealei invaded 87% of the woodlots surveyed and species richness of NIS on these woodlots varied from 5 to 14. Stepwise-multiple regression indicated that less canopy cover and older M. bealei predicted greater abundance of M. bealei , and that not all subdivisions were equally invaded (P < 0.0001; r 2 = 0.88). The impact of M. bealei on native flora and fauna may be considerable, and it is likely to continue to spread in the Southeastern United States. M. bealei should be recognized as an aggressive invader in the Southeastern United States, with the potential for negative impacts on native flora and fauna. ?? Springer 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Invasions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10530-004-2896-4","issn":"13873547","usgsCitation":"Allen, C.R., Garmestani, A., LaBram, J., Peck, A., and Prevost, L., 2006, When landscaping goes bad: The incipient invasion of Mahonia bealei in the southeastern United States: Biological Invasions, v. 8, no. 2, p. 169-176, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-004-2896-4.","startPage":"169","endPage":"176","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":239114,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211762,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-004-2896-4"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd053e4b08c986b32edc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":428059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garmestani, A.S.","contributorId":86882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garmestani","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LaBram, J.A.","contributorId":101081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaBram","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peck, A.E.","contributorId":13432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Prevost, L.B.","contributorId":20544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prevost","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030662,"text":"70030662 - 2006 - Puhimau thermal area: a window into the upper east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-08T11:30:28","indexId":"70030662","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Puhimau thermal area: a window into the upper east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii?","docAbstract":"We report the results of two soil CO2 efflux surveys by the closed chamber circulation method at the Puhimau thermal area in the upper East Rift Zone (ERZ) of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. The surveys were undertaken in 1996 and 1998 to constrain how much CO2 might be reaching the ERZ after degassing beneath the summit caldera and whether the Puhimau thermal area might be a significant contributor to the overall CO2 budget of Kilauea. The area was revisited in 2001 to determine the effects of surface disturbance on efflux values by the collar emplacement technique utilized in the earlier surveys. Utilizing a cutoff value of 50 g m−2 d−1 for the surrounding forest background efflux, the CO2 emission rates for the anomaly at Puhimau thermal area were 27 t d−1 in 1996 and 17 t d−1 in 1998. Water vapor was removed before analysis in all cases in order to obtain CO2 values on a dry air basis and mitigate the effect of water vapor dilution on the measurements. It is clear that Puhimau thermal area is not a significant contributor to Kilauea's CO2 output and that most of Kilauea's CO2 (8500 t d−1) is degassed at the summit, leaving only magma with its remaining stored volatiles, such as SO2, for injection down the ERZ. Because of the low CO2 emission rate and the presence of a shallow water table in the upper ERZ that effectively scrubs SO2 and other acid gases, Puhimau thermal area currently does not appear to be generally well suited for observing temporal changes in degassing at Kilauea.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00024-006-0036-z","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"McGee, K., Sutton, A.J., Elias, T., Doukas, M., and Gerlach, T., 2006, Puhimau thermal area: a window into the upper east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii?: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 163, no. 4, p. 837-851, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-006-0036-z.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"837","endPage":"851","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239218,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.34530639648438,\n 19.24632927300332\n ],\n [\n -155.34530639648438,\n 19.449759112405612\n ],\n [\n -154.85504150390625,\n 19.449759112405612\n ],\n [\n -154.85504150390625,\n 19.24632927300332\n ],\n [\n -155.34530639648438,\n 19.24632927300332\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"163","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9022e4b0c8380cd7fb5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGee, K.A.","contributorId":6059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutton, A. J. 0000-0003-1902-3977","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1902-3977","contributorId":28983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elias, T. 0000-0002-9592-4518","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4518","contributorId":71195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doukas, M.P.","contributorId":28615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doukas","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gerlach, T.M.","contributorId":38713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70030663,"text":"70030663 - 2006 - Geomorphic control of landscape carbon accumulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030663","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomorphic control of landscape carbon accumulation","docAbstract":"We use the CREEP process-response model to simulate soil organic carbon accumulation in an undisturbed prairie site in Iowa. Our primary objectives are to identify spatial patterns of carbon accumulation, and explore the effect of erosion on basin-scale C accumulation. Our results point to two general findings. First, redistribution of soil carbon by erosion results in a net increase in basin-wide carbon storage relative to a noneroding environment. Landscape-average mean residence times are increased in an eroding landscape owing to the burial/preservation of otherwise labile C. Second, field observations taken along a slope transect may overlook significant intraslope variations in carbon accumulation. Spatial patterns of modeled deep C accumulation are complex. While surface carbon with its relatively short equilibration time is predictable from surface properties, deep carbon is strongly influenced by the landscape's geomorphic and climatic history, resulting in wide spatial variability. Convergence and divergence associated with upland swales and interfluves result in bimodal carbon distributions in upper and mid slopes; variability in carbon storage within modeled mid slopes was as high as simulated differences between erosional shoulders and depositional valley bottoms. The bimodality of mid-slope C variability in the model suggests that a three-dimensional sampling strategy is preferable over the traditional two-dimensional analog or \"catena\" approach. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2005JG000077","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Rosenbloom, N., Harden, J., Neff, J.C., and Schimel, D.S., 2006, Geomorphic control of landscape carbon accumulation: Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences, v. 111, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JG000077.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477455,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jg000077","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":211877,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JG000077"},{"id":239250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2785e4b0c8380cd59972","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenbloom, N.A.","contributorId":11409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbloom","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neff, J. C.","contributorId":29935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schimel, D. S.","contributorId":84104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schimel","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031203,"text":"70031203 - 2006 - Observations in the Saturn system during approach and orbital insertion, with Cassini's visual and infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70031203","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":915,"text":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations in the Saturn system during approach and orbital insertion, with Cassini's visual and infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS)","docAbstract":"The Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer observed Phoebe, Iapetus, Titan and Saturn's rings during Cassini's approach and orbital insertion. Phoebe's surface contains water ice, CO2, and ferrous iron. lapetus contains CO2 and organic materials. Titan's atmosphere shows methane fluorescence, and night-side atmospheric emission that may be CO2 and CH3D. As determined from cloud motions, the winds at altitude 25-30 km in the south polar region of Titan appear to be moving in a prograde direction at velocity ???1 m s-1. Circular albedo features on Titan's surface, seen at 2.02 ??m, may be palimpsests remaining from the rheological adjustment of ancient impact craters. As such, their long-term persistence is of special interest in view of the expected precipitation of liquids and solids from the atmosphere. Saturn's rings have changed little in their radial structure since the Voyager flybys in the early 1980s. Spectral absorption bands tentatively attributed to Fe2+ suggest that iron-bearing silicates are a source of contamination of the C ring and the Cassini Division. ?? ESO 2006.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361:20053054","issn":"00046361","usgsCitation":"Brown, R.H., Baines, K.H., Bellucci, G., Buratti, B.J., Capaccioni, F., Cerroni, P., Clark, R.N., Coradini, A., Cruikshank, D.P., Drossart, P., Formisano, V., Jaumann, R., Langevin, Y., Matson, D.L., McCord, T.B., Mennella, V., Nelson, R., Nicholson, P.D., Sicardy, B., Sotin, C., Baugh, N., Griffith, C., Hansen, G.B., Hibbitts, C.A., Momary, T., and Showalter, M., 2006, Observations in the Saturn system during approach and orbital insertion, with Cassini's visual and infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS): Astronomy and Astrophysics, v. 446, no. 2, p. 707-716, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20053054.","startPage":"707","endPage":"716","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477721,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20053054","text":"External Repository"},{"id":211627,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20053054"},{"id":238948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"446","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6a7de4b0c8380cd741c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bellucci, G.","contributorId":46256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellucci","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Capaccioni, F.","contributorId":90900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capaccioni","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cerroni, P.","contributorId":7869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cerroni","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Clark, R. N.","contributorId":6568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Coradini, A.","contributorId":34679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coradini","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cruikshank, D. 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L.","contributorId":59940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"McCord, T. B.","contributorId":69695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Mennella, V.","contributorId":88522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mennella","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Nelson, R.M.","contributorId":38316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Nicholson, P. 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B.","contributorId":98478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Hibbitts, C. A.","contributorId":21703,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hibbitts","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Momary, T.W.","contributorId":40405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Momary","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Showalter, M.R.","contributorId":24992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Showalter","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26}]}} ,{"id":70031198,"text":"70031198 - 2006 - Site response and attenuation in the Puget Lowland, Washington State","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:02","indexId":"70031198","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Site response and attenuation in the Puget Lowland, Washington State","docAbstract":"Simple spectral ratio (SSR) and horizontal-to-vertical (HN) site-response estimates at 47 sites in the Puget Lowland of Washington State document significant attenuation of 1.5- to 20-Hz shear waves within sedimentary basins there. Amplitudes of the horizontal components of shear-wave arrivals from three local earthquakes were used to compute SSRs with respect to the average of two bedrock sites and H/V spectral ratios with respect to the vertical component of the shear-wave arrivals at each site. SSR site-response curves at thick basin sites show peak amplifications of 2 to 6 at frequencies of 3 to 6 Hz, and decreasing spectra amplification with increasing frequency above 6 Hz. SSRs at nonbasin sites show a variety of shapes and larger resonance peaks. We attribute the spectral decay at frequencies above the amplification peak at basin sites to attenuation within the basin strata. Computing the frequency-independent, depth-dependent attenuation factor (Qs,int) from the SSR spectral decay between 2 and 20 Hz gives values of 5 to 40 for shallow sedimentary deposits and about 250 for the deepest sedimentary strata (7 km depth). H/V site responses show less spectral decay than the SSR responses but contain many of the same resonance peaks. We hypothesize that the H/V method yields a flatter response across the frequency spectrum than SSRs because the H/V reference signal (vertical component of the shear-wave arrivals) has undergone a degree of attenuation similar to the horizontal component recordings. Correcting the SSR site responses for attenuation within the basins by removing the spectral decay improves agreement between SSR and H/V estimates.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120040200","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Pratt, T.L., and Brocher, T., 2006, Site response and attenuation in the Puget Lowland, Washington State: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 96, no. 2, p. 536-552, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120040200.","startPage":"536","endPage":"552","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211600,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120040200"}],"volume":"96","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b90f5e4b08c986b319702","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pratt, T. L.","contributorId":53072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brocher, T.M. 0000-0002-9740-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":69994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70031197,"text":"70031197 - 2006 - Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Populus-Salix stands in a semiarid riparian ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:16","indexId":"70031197","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2863,"text":"New Phytologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Populus-Salix stands in a semiarid riparian ecosystem","docAbstract":"??? This study examined the activity, species richness, and species composition of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) community of Populus-Salix stands on the Verde River (Arizona, USA), quantified patterns of AMF richness and colonization along complex floodplain gradients, and identified environmental variables responsible for structuring the AMF community. ??? Samples from 61 Populus-Salix stands were analyzed for AMF and herbaceous composition, AMF colonization, gravimetric soil moisture, soil texture, per cent organic matter, pH, and concentrations of nitrate, bicarbonate phosphorus and exchangeable potassium. ??? AMF species richness declined with stand age and distance from and elevation above the channel and was positively related to perennial species cover and richness and gravimetric soil moisture. Distance from and elevation above the active channel, forest age, annual species cover, perennial species richness, and exchangeable potassium concentration all played a role in structuring the AMF community in this riparian area. ??? Most AMF species were found across a wide range of soil conditions, but a subset of species tended to occur more often in hydric areas. This group of riparian affiliate AMF species includes several not previously encountered in the surrounding Sonoran desert. ?? New Phytologist (2006).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"New Phytologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01668.x","issn":"0028646X","usgsCitation":"Beauchamp, V., Stromberg, J., and Stutz, J., 2006, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Populus-Salix stands in a semiarid riparian ecosystem: New Phytologist, v. 170, no. 2, p. 369-380, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01668.x.","startPage":"369","endPage":"380","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":238915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211599,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01668.x"}],"volume":"170","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed2be4b0c8380cd49681","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beauchamp, Vanessa B.","contributorId":76544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"Vanessa B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":430473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stromberg, J.C.","contributorId":81455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stromberg","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stutz, J.C.","contributorId":105526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stutz","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70030669,"text":"70030669 - 2006 - Public expectations about access fees and road closures on public lands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:01","indexId":"70030669","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2261,"text":"Journal of Environmental Planning and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Public expectations about access fees and road closures on public lands","docAbstract":"It is sometimes suggested that land managers could better communicate with the general public by relying on people who are active in community affairs to frame the message. By comparing responses from the 'attentive' and general public on the Colorado Plateau in the USA, this study investigated the expected effects of using recreation access fees or road closures to manage recreation on public lands. Although neither the attentive nor general public strongly anticipated benefits from the two management options, the attentive public was more likely than the general public to report positive expectations. Those more likely to expect fewer benefits from the management options do so because of factors that are outside the influence of managers (e.g., socio-demographics and value orientation). The results point out challenges for building public support through mobilizing the attentive public to develop a positive management atmosphere with fees and road closures. ?? 2006 University of Newcastle upon Tyne.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Planning and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/09640560500507975","issn":"09640568","usgsCitation":"Cline, K., Lamb, B.L., and Ponds, P., 2006, Public expectations about access fees and road closures on public lands: Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, v. 49, no. 2, p. 227-240, https://doi.org/10.1080/09640560500507975.","startPage":"227","endPage":"240","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":211937,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640560500507975"},{"id":239322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8fd2e4b0c8380cd7f9a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cline, K.","contributorId":107654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cline","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamb, B. L.","contributorId":6395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ponds, P.D.","contributorId":96218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponds","given":"P.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":428136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}