{"pageNumber":"251","pageRowStart":"6250","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11360,"records":[{"id":70184262,"text":"70184262 - 1993 - Are Bald Eagles important predators of Emperor Geese?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:32:04","indexId":"70184262","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are Bald Eagles important predators of Emperor Geese?","docAbstract":"<p>Bald Eagles (<i>Haliaeetus leucocephalus</i>) and geese often occur together, especially at sites used by geese for migrational staging and wintering. Although numerous studies have been directed at these taxa, there are only anecdotal accounts (Parris et al. 1980, Bennett and Klaas 1986, Bartley 1988) of Bald Eagles killing healthy geese at any time of the year (but see Raveling and Zezulak 1991). Most species of geese may be too large, as suggested by Shetrod et al. (1976) and Palmer (1988), or they may not regularly allow eagles an advantageous attack position (J.M. Gerrard <i>in litt</i>.).</p><p>Here we report observations of attacks on Emperor Geese (<i>Chen canagica</i>) by Bald Eagles on the Alaska Peninsula in autumn. We discuss these and other observations of eagle-goose interactions <i>vis-a-vis</i> the role of Bald Eagles as predators of Emperor Geese.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Raptor Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Gill, R., and Kincheloe, K.L., 1993, Are Bald Eagles important predators of Emperor Geese?: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 27, no. 1, p. 34-36.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"36","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336876,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Peninsula","volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58be8340e4b014cc3a3a9a27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kincheloe, Karen L.","contributorId":179365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kincheloe","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70182706,"text":"70182706 - 1993 - Adult survival of Black-legged Kittiwakes <i>Rissa tridactyla</i> in a Pacific colony","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T13:59:40","indexId":"70182706","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1961,"text":"Ibis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adult survival of Black-legged Kittiwakes <i>Rissa tridactyla</i> in a Pacific colony","docAbstract":"<p><span>Breeding Black-legged Kittiwakes </span><i>Rissa tridactyla</i><span> survived at a mean annual rate of 0.926 in four years at a colony in Alaska. Survival rates observed in sexed males (0.930) and females (0.937) did not differ significantly. The rate of return among nonbreeding Kittiwakes (0.839) was lower than that of known breeders, presumably because more nonbreeders moved away from the study plots where they were marked. Individual nonbreeders frequented sites up to 5 km apart on the same island, while a few established breeders moved up to 2.5 km between years. Mate retention in breeding Kittiwakes averaged 69% in three years. Among pairs that split, the cause of changing mates was about equally divided between death (46%) and divorce (54%). Average adult life expectancy was estimated at 13.0 years. Combined with annual productivity averaging 0.17 chick per nest, the observed survival was insufficient for maintaining population size. Rather, an irregular decline observed in the study colony since 1981 is consistent with the model of a closed population with little or no recruitment. Compared to their Atlantic counterparts, Pacific Kittiwakes have low productivity and high survival. The question arises whether differences reflect phenotypic plasticity or genetically determined variation in population parameters.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1474-919X.1993.tb02841.x","usgsCitation":"Hatch, S.A., Roberts, B.D., and Fadely, B.S., 1993, Adult survival of Black-legged Kittiwakes <i>Rissa tridactyla</i> in a Pacific colony: Ibis, v. 135, no. 3, p. 247-254, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1993.tb02841.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"254","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336237,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Middleton Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -146.43470764160156,\n              59.380960825646525\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.25720977783203,\n              59.380960825646525\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.25720977783203,\n              59.485716839798464\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.43470764160156,\n              59.485716839798464\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.43470764160156,\n              59.380960825646525\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"135","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b2a5a1e4b01ccd54fca167","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberts, Bay D.","contributorId":181868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Bay","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":673377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fadely, Brian S.","contributorId":184042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fadely","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185279,"text":"70185279 - 1993 - Histopathologic lesions in sea otters exposed to crude oil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-28T16:46:25","indexId":"70185279","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3687,"text":"Veterinary Pathology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Histopathologic lesions in sea otters exposed to crude oil","docAbstract":"<p><span>Following the </span><i>Exxon Valdez</i><span> oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska, sea otters (</span><i>Enhydra lutris</i><span>) that appeared to be contaminated with oil, that were in danger of becoming contaminated, or that were behaving abnormally were captured and taken to rehabilitation centers. Exposure to oil was assessed by visual examination when otters arrived at the centers. Degree of oil exposure was graded according to the following criteria: oil covering greater than 60% of the body - heavily contaminated; oil covering 30–60% of the body - moderately contaminated; oil covering less than 30% of the body or light sheen on fur - lightly contaminated. If there was no oil visible, otters were considered uncontaminated. Tissues from 51 oil-contaminated sea otters (14 males, 37 females) and from six uncontaminated sea otters (three males, three females) that died in rehabilitation centers were examined histologically. Among oil-contaminated sea otters, 19/46 had interstitial pulmonary emphysema, 13/40 had gastric erosion and hemorrhage, 11/47 had centrilobular hepatic necrosis, 14/47 had periportal to diffuse hepatic lipidosis, and 10/42 had renal tubular lipidosis. Of the uncontaminated sea otters, 1/6 had gastric erosion and hemorrhage and 1/6 had diffuse hepatic lipidosis. Histologic examinations were performed on tissues from five sea otters (three males, two females) found dead with external oil present 15 to 16 days after the spill. Periportal hepatic lipidosis and renal tubular lipidosis were found in 3/5, and interstitial pulmonary emphysema was found in 1/5. Tissues from six apparently normal sea otters (four males, two females) collected from an area not affected by an oil spill were examined histologically, and none of these lesions were found. We conclude that interstitial pulmonary emphysema, centrilobular hepatic necrosis, and hepatic and renal lipidosis of sea otters were associated with exposure to crude oil. Gastric erosion and hemorrhage may have been associated with stress of captivity and/or oil exposure.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"SAGE Journals","doi":"10.1177/030098589303000101","usgsCitation":"Lipscomb, T., Harris, R., Moeller, R., Pletcher, J., Haebler, R., and Ballachey, B.E., 1993, Histopathologic lesions in sea otters exposed to crude oil: Veterinary Pathology, v. 30, no. 1, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1177/030098589303000101.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/030098589303000101","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337819,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ccf5a1e4b0849ce97f0d0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipscomb, T.P.","contributorId":174540,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lipscomb","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, R.K.","contributorId":189492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harris","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moeller, R.B.","contributorId":189498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moeller","given":"R.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pletcher, J.M.","contributorId":189499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pletcher","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haebler, R.J.","contributorId":189500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haebler","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70184425,"text":"70184425 - 1993 - Cytonuclear genetic architecture in mosquitofish populations and the possible roles of introgressive hybridization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T14:46:28","indexId":"70184425","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cytonuclear genetic architecture in mosquitofish populations and the possible roles of introgressive hybridization","docAbstract":"<p><span>Spatial genetic structure in populations of mosquitofish (</span><i>Gambusia</i><span>) sampled throughout the south-eastern United States was characterized using mitochondrial (mt) DNA and allozyme markers. Both sets of data revealed a pronounced genetic discontinuity (along a broad path extending from south-eastern Mississippi to north-eastern Georgia) that corresponds to a recently recognized distinction between the nominal forms </span><i>G. affinis</i><span> to the west and </span><i>G. holbrooki</i><span>to the east. However, several populations from the general contact region exhibited unusual allelic associations in high frequency, suggestive of evolutionary processes within a zone of introgressive hybridization. These involve: (i) cytonuclear profiles representing combinations of nuclear and mitochondrial genotypes that tended to be more nearly species-specific and concordant elsewhere; and (ii) significant nuclear gametic disequilibria, perhaps attributable to positive assortative mating and/or differential fitnesses of homospecific vs. recombinant genotypes. However, outside this suspected hybrid region, ‘heterospecific’ genetic markers also appeared in low frequency, thus complicating interpretations. These discordant alleles on a broader geographic scale may reflect: (a) the retention of polymorphisms from an ancestral gene pool; (b) occasional evolutionary convergence (especially with respect to electrophoretic mobility of allozyme alleles); (c) the ‘footprints’ of a moving hybrid zone; or (d) differential introgressive penetrance across the current hybrid region.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00103.x","usgsCitation":"Scribner, K.T., and Avise, J.C., 1993, Cytonuclear genetic architecture in mosquitofish populations and the possible roles of introgressive hybridization: Molecular Ecology, v. 2, no. 3, p. 139-149, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00103.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"149","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479507,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1zz768mc","text":"External Repository"},{"id":337128,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c12664e4b014cc3a3d3531","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":146113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":16582,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Zoology, 480 Wilson Rd. 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":681444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Avise, John C.","contributorId":182338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Avise","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186442,"text":"70186442 - 1993 - Implementation of biomarker-based studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-04T11:41:35","indexId":"70186442","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"3","title":"Implementation of biomarker-based studies","docAbstract":"<p><span>Biomarkers may be used to determine chemical exposure and effects in several important ways. These include (1) evaluation of new agricultural or industrial chemicals for effects, (2) screening of municipal or industrial effluents, (3) determining the geographic distribution of chemical effects in the environment and their changes over time, (4) determining the identity and source of chemical pollutants, and (5) establishing cause and effect linkages.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biomarkers: Research and application in the assessment of environmental health: Proceedings of the NATO advanced research workshop on biological markers","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"conferenceTitle":"NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Biological Markers","conferenceDate":"May 12-17,1991","conferenceLocation":"Texel, The Netherlands","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-84631-1_3","isbn":"13:978-3-642-84631-1","usgsCitation":"Stegeman, J.J., Ballachey, B.E., Bickham, J., Hocker, B., Kennedy, S., Thompson, H., and Vethaak, A., 1993, Implementation of biomarker-based studies, chap. 3 <i>of</i> Biomarkers: Research and application in the assessment of environmental health: Proceedings of the NATO advanced research workshop on biological markers, v. 68, p. 31-48, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84631-1_3.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"48","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339155,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","publicComments":"This Conference Proceedings is Volume 68 of the NATO ASI Series","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e4b0b5e4b09da6799977cf","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Peakall, David B.","contributorId":48263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peakall","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688475,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shugart, Lee R.","contributorId":190465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shugart","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688476,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Stegeman, John J.","contributorId":55102,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stegeman","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":688477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bickham, J.","contributorId":190467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bickham","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hocker, B.","contributorId":190466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hocker","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kennedy, S.","contributorId":39908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thompson, H.","contributorId":190468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vethaak, A.D.","contributorId":190469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vethaak","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70185346,"text":"70185346 - 1993 - Status of Pacific Black Brant <i>Branta bernicla nigricans</i> on Wrangel Island, Russian Federation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-01T22:11:52.251704","indexId":"70185346","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Status of Pacific Black Brant Branta bernicla nigricans on Wrangel Island, Russian Federation","title":"Status of Pacific Black Brant <i>Branta bernicla nigricans</i> on Wrangel Island, Russian Federation","docAbstract":"<div>Abundance, distribution, and habitat selection of breeding and moulting Pacific Black Brant were studied on Wrangel Island in 1989-91. &nbsp;Two nests and &lt;10 family flocks of Brant were found during ground searches in previously known nesting areas. &nbsp;The breeding population has declined from 1000-2000 pairs to probably &lt;100 pairs. &nbsp;An estimated 4200 &nbsp;50 (Cl) moulting Brant were counted during the first aerial and photographic survey of the island in 1990. &nbsp;This population includes moult migrants from Alaska and mainland Russia. &nbsp;Most (67%) of the moulting flocks were concentrated in freshwater lakes and usually within 2 km of the coast. &nbsp;Lakes with low relief shorelines and adjacent preferred grasses were important habitats used by moulting birds. &nbsp;Breeding and moulting populations of Wrangel Island Brant are dependent on Izembek Lagoon Alaska, in autumn and disperse over the rest of eastern Pacific Flyway in winter and spring.</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust","usgsCitation":"Ward, D.H., Derksen, D.V., Kharitonov, S., Stishov, M., and Baranyuk, V.V., 1993, Status of Pacific Black Brant <i>Branta bernicla nigricans</i> on Wrangel Island, Russian Federation: Wildfowl, v. 44, p. 39-48.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"48","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337897,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildfowl.wwt.org.uk/index.php/wildfowl/article/view/915"},{"id":337898,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia","otherGeospatial":"Wrangel Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -181.86767578125,\n              70.64905077016431\n            ],\n            [\n              -177.1435546875,\n              70.64905077016431\n            ],\n            [\n              -177.1435546875,\n              71.7085409138521\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.86767578125,\n              71.7085409138521\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.86767578125,\n              70.64905077016431\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"44","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d0ea1fe4b0236b68f673ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Derksen, Dirk V. dderksen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derksen","given":"Dirk","email":"dderksen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kharitonov, Sergei","contributorId":70672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharitonov","given":"Sergei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stishov, Mikhail","contributorId":189586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stishov","given":"Mikhail","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baranyuk, Vasily V.","contributorId":75482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baranyuk","given":"Vasily","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70187904,"text":"70187904 - 1993 - Losses of seabirds in gill nets in the North Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-24T20:31:22","indexId":"70187904","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Losses of seabirds in gill nets in the North Pacific","docAbstract":"<p>Existing knowledge on high-seas and coastal gillnet fisheries known to kill seabirds in the North Pacific is summarized. Recent estimates suggest that high-seas gillnet fisheries may have taken more than 500,000 seabirds in 1990. The majority of birds taken in those fisheries were Sooty <i>Puffinus griseus </i>or Short-tailed <i>P. tenuirostris</i> shearwaters. A recent analysis of impacts of those fisheries suggests that both shearwater populations may be declining slightly, although overall populations remain large. Impacts on seabirds of gillnet fishing in coastal waters are poorly known, except in California. Incidental mortality of seabirds in coastal gillnet fisheries may be adding additional stress to populations already compromised by habitat destruction and oil spills. Local populations of Marbled Murrelets <i>Brachyramphus marmoratus</i>, Common Murres <i>Uria aalge</i>, and Japanese Murrelets <i>Synthliboramphus wumizusume</i> may be particularly vulnerable to coastal gillnet fisheries. United National General Assembly Resolution 44/225 called for a moratorium on high-seas gillnet fishing by 30 June 1992. Japan has complied and Korea and Taiwan will comply with the moratorium.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The status, ecology and conservation of marine birds of the North Pacific","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"The status, ecology and conservation of marine birds of the North Pacific: A symposium sponsored by the Pacific Seabird Group, the Canadian Wildlife Service, and the British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks","conferenceDate":"February 22-23, 1990","conferenceLocation":"Victoria, BC","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, ON","isbn":"9780662203599","usgsCitation":"DeGange, A.R., Day, R.H., Takekawa, J.E., and Mendenhall, V.M., 1993, Losses of seabirds in gill nets in the North Pacific, <i>in</i> The status, ecology and conservation of marine birds of the North Pacific, Victoria, BC, February 22-23, 1990, p. 204-211.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"204","endPage":"211","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341641,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345122,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pacificseabirdgroup.org/psg-publications/symposia/the-status-ecology-and-conservation-of-marine-birds-of-the-north-pacific/"}],"otherGeospatial":"North Pacific","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59269bd1e4b0b7ff9fb489d6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Vermeer, Kees","contributorId":103524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vermeer","given":"Kees","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695939,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, K.T.","contributorId":111861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695940,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan, K.H.","contributorId":111516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695941,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Siegel-Causey, D.","contributorId":113787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegel-Causey","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695942,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"DeGange, Anthony R. tdegange@usgs.gov","contributorId":139765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGange","given":"Anthony","email":"tdegange@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":695935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day, Robert H.","contributorId":74446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Day","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takekawa, Jean E.","contributorId":146991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Takekawa","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16768,"text":"USFWS, Nisqually NWR, Olympia, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mendenhall, Vivian M.","contributorId":98405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendenhall","given":"Vivian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":695938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70185345,"text":"70185345 - 1993 - Current status and recent dynamics of the Black Brant Branta bernicla breeding population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-20T16:17:21","indexId":"70185345","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Current status and recent dynamics of the Black Brant Branta bernicla breeding population","docAbstract":"<p><span>We summarize current knowledge about the distribution of Pacific Black Brant and recent dynamics of colonies, particularly on the Yukon-Kuskokwim (Y-K) Delta, Alaska. About 20,000 nests are required to produce the number of young in the autumn flight using estimates of clutch size, hatching success and gosling survival based on colonies on the Y-K Delta. More than 80% of the nests in the population can be accounted for currently on the Y-K Delta. Most moulting individuals that did not breed, or were unsuccessful, are unaccounted for in late summer. Numbers of Black Brant nesting in major colonies on the Y-K Delta declined &gt;60% in the early 1980s, most likely as a result of local subsistence harvest combined with predation by arctic foxes. Effective management of this population requires a better understanding of the distribution of breeding and moulting birds, the importance of breeding habitat to colony dynamics and the role of both sport and subsistence harvest in population dynamics.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust","usgsCitation":"Sedinger, J.S., Lensink, C.J., Ward, D.H., Anthony, M.W., Wege, M.L., and Byrd, G.V., 1993, Current status and recent dynamics of the Black Brant Branta bernicla breeding population: Wildfowl, v. 44, p. 39-48.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"48","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337896,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337895,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildfowl.wwt.org.uk/index.php/wildfowl/article/view/916"}],"country":"Canada, United States","volume":"44","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d0ea1fe4b0236b68f673ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sedinger, James S.","contributorId":84861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lensink, Calvin J.","contributorId":99612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lensink","given":"Calvin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":33810,"text":"National Wildlife Refuge Association","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anthony, Michael W. manthony@usgs.gov","contributorId":1232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Michael","email":"manthony@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":685257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wege, Michael L.","contributorId":78629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wege","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Byrd, G. Vernon","contributorId":88416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byrd","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Vernon","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70187581,"text":"70187581 - 1993 - An earth remote sensing satellite- 1 Synthetic Aperture Radar Mosaic of the Tanana River Basin in Alaska ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T13:55:15","indexId":"70187581","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An earth remote sensing satellite- 1 Synthetic Aperture Radar Mosaic of the Tanana River Basin in Alaska ","docAbstract":"<p>Because the pixel location in a line of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image data is directly related to the distance the pixel is from the radar, terrain elevations cause large displacement errors in the geo-referenced location of the pixel. This is especially true for radar systems with small angles between the nadir and look vectors. Thus, to geo-register a SAR image accurately, the terrain of the area must be taken into account. (Curlander et al., 1987; Kwok et al., 1987, Schreier et al., 1990; Wivell et al., 1992). As part of the 1992 National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Earth Observing System Version 0 activities, a prototype SAR geocod-. ing and terrain correction system was developed at the US. Geological Survey's (USGS) E~os Data Center (EDC) in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. Using this system with 3-arc-second digital elevation models (DEMs) mosaicked at the ED^ Alaska Field Office, 21 ERS-I s.4~ scenes acquired at the Alaska SAR Facility were automatically geocoded, terrain corrected, and mosaicked. The geo-registered scenes were mosaicked using a simple concatenation. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","usgsCitation":"Wivell, C.E., Olmsted, C., Steinwand, D.R., and Taylor, C., 1993, An earth remote sensing satellite- 1 Synthetic Aperture Radar Mosaic of the Tanana River Basin in Alaska : Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 59, no. 4, p. 527-528.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"527","endPage":"528","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341011,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5912d53de4b0e541a03d454d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wivell, Charles E.","contributorId":65010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wivell","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olmsted, Coert","contributorId":191894,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olmsted","given":"Coert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steinwand, Daniel R. steinwand@usgs.gov","contributorId":3224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinwand","given":"Daniel","email":"steinwand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, Christopher","contributorId":191895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70181818,"text":"70181818 - 1993 - Sex identification of polar bears from blood and tissue samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T14:24:03","indexId":"70181818","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sex identification of polar bears from blood and tissue samples","docAbstract":"<p><span>Polar bears (</span><i>Ursus maritimus</i><span>) can be adversely affected by hunting and other human perturbations because of low population densities and low reproduction rates. The sustainable take of adult females may be as low as 1.5% of the population. Females and accompanying young are most vulnerable to hunting, and hunters have not consistently reported the sex composition of the harvest, therefore a method to confirm the sexes of polar bears harvested in Alaska is needed. Evidence of the sex of harvested animals is often not available, but blood or other tissue samples often are. We extracted DNA from tissue and blood samples, and amplified segments of zinc finger (ZFX and ZFY) genes from both X and Y chromosomes with the polymerase chain reaction. Digestion of amplified portions of the X chromosome with the restriction enzyme </span><i>Hae</i><span>III resulted in subdivision of the original amplified segment into four smaller fragments. Digestion with </span><i>Hae</i><span>III did not subdivide the original segment amplified from the Y chromosome. The differing fragment sizes produced patterns in gel electrophoresis that distinguished samples from male and female bears 100% of the time. This technique is applicable to the investigation of many wildlife management and research questions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z93-305","usgsCitation":"Amstrup, S.C., Garner, G., Cronin, M.A., and Patton, J., 1993, Sex identification of polar bears from blood and tissue samples: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 71, no. 11, p. 2174-2177, https://doi.org/10.1139/z93-305.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2174","endPage":"2177","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335376,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"71","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a42549e4b0c825128ad4cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":668706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garner, G.W.","contributorId":80218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garner","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cronin, M. A.","contributorId":80216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patton, J.C.","contributorId":89836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patton","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70182167,"text":"70182167 - 1993 - Behavioral ecology of black-legged kittiwakes during chick rearing in a failing colony","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-17T14:49:14","indexId":"70182167","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Behavioral ecology of black-legged kittiwakes during chick rearing in a failing colony","docAbstract":"<p><span>Compared with their Atlantic counterparts, Black-legged Kittiwakes (<i>Rissa tridactyla</i>) in North Pacific colonies are notably unproductive. A large colony on Middleton Island, Alaska, has in most years since 1981 seen complete breeding failure and the population has declined by half. We compared parent-offspring behaviors in this colony during two years that differed in overall breeding success. Potential indicators of food stress included parental attendance at the nest, foraging trip lengths, chick feeding and begging rates, and sibling aggression. Whereas chick feeding and begging rates were strongly correlated with overall breeding performance, patterns of time allocation by adults (nest attendance and foraging trips) were not. Contrasts between years and comparisons with data from other colonies in and outside Alaska point to food shortage as the likely cause of recurrent breeding failure on Middleton.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1369356","usgsCitation":"Roberts, B.D., and Hatch, S.A., 1993, Behavioral ecology of black-legged kittiwakes during chick rearing in a failing colony: The Condor, v. 95, no. 2, p. 330-342, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369356.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"330","endPage":"342","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1369356","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335818,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Middleton Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -146.46011352539062,\n              59.3758893994925\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.21429443359375,\n              59.3758893994925\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.21429443359375,\n              59.49600034283196\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.46011352539062,\n              59.49600034283196\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.46011352539062,\n              59.3758893994925\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"95","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a819b9e4b025c46429afde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, Bay D.","contributorId":181868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Bay","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70182457,"text":"70182457 - 1993 - Hybrid zone dynamics are influenced by genotype-specific variation in life-history traits: Experimental evidence from hybridizing <i>Gambusia</i> species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T12:55:40","indexId":"70182457","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1598,"text":"Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hybrid zone dynamics are influenced by genotype-specific variation in life-history traits: Experimental evidence from hybridizing <i>Gambusia</i> species","docAbstract":"<p><span>Results from two experiments are presented that contrast differences in life-history traits and population dynamics between two species of live bearing fishes (<i>Gambusia affinis</i> and <i>G. holbrooki</i>) that hybridize across portions of the southeastern United States. Progeny from parental <i>holbrooki</i> and <i>holbrooki</i>-<i>affinis</i> F1 crosses exhibited larger lengths at birth, at 15 days, and matured earlier, and at larger size than did progeny from parental <i>affinis</i> and <i>affinis-holbrooki</i> F1 crosses. Comparisons of experimental populations of <i>affinis</i>, <i>holbrooki</i>, and mixed (<i>affinis</i> + <i>holbrooki</i>) species composition followed over two years revealed that <i>affinis</i> populations consistently exhibited smaller population size, lower carrying capacity, lower recruitment, and larger over-winter mortality than did <i>holbrooki</i> or mixed populations. Evidence for density-dependent reductions in fecundity and concomitant increases in juvenile mortality rates were observed in all populations, but were most pronounced for <i>affinis</i> populations. Genotype-specific differences in life-history traits appear to confer differential advantage to offspring of parental <i>holbrooki</i> origin and F1 progeny of <i>holbrooki</i> maternal parentage given the resource availability and the age structure and densities experienced during these experiments. Results have direct implications regarding the rate and direction of evolution within hybrid zones formed by these two species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Evolution","doi":"10.2307/2410075 ","usgsCitation":"Scribner, K.T., 1993, Hybrid zone dynamics are influenced by genotype-specific variation in life-history traits: Experimental evidence from hybridizing <i>Gambusia</i> species: Evolution, v. 47, no. 2, p. 632-646, https://doi.org/10.2307/2410075 .","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"632","endPage":"646","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336060,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","volume":"47","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b002dae4b01ccd54fb280d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":146113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":16582,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Zoology, 480 Wilson Rd. 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":671167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018220,"text":"70018220 - 1993 - A Coast Mountains provenance for the Valdez and Orca groups, southern Alaska, based on Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-09T00:55:34.088779","indexId":"70018220","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Coast Mountains provenance for the Valdez and Orca groups, southern Alaska, based on Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id4\"><p>Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic data were obtained for fourteen fine- to coarse-grained samples of accreted flysch of the Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary Valdez and Orca Groups in southern Alaska to determine the flysch provenance. Argillites and greywackes from the Orca Group, as well as compositionally similar but higher metamorphic grade rocks from the Valdez Group, show a restricted range of correlated<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ε</i><sub>Nd</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>( −0.6 to −3.8) and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr (0.7060–0.7080) at the time of sediment deposition ( ∼ 50 Ma). Pb isotopic compositions also vary over a narrow range (<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>204</sup>Pb= 19.138–19.395,<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>207</sup>Pb/<sup>204</sup>Pb= 15.593–15.703,<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>208</sup>Pb/<sup>204</sup>Pb= 38.677–39.209), and in the Orca Group the samples generally become more radiogenic with decreasing<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ε</i><sub>Nd</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and increasing<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr. All samples have similar trace element compositions characterized by moderate light rare earth element enrichments, and low ratios of high field strength elements to large ion lithophile elements. Based on petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic data the sedimentary rocks are interpreted to have been derived largely from a Phanerozoic continental margin arc complex characterized by igneous rocks with<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ε</i><sub>Nd</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values between 0 and −5. The latter conclusion is supported by the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ε</i><sub>Nd</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values of a tonalite clast and a rhyodacite clast in the Orca Group (<i>ε</i><sub>Nd</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= −4.9and−0.9, respectively). However, trondjemitic clasts in the Orca Group have significantly lower<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ε</i><sub>Nd</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>( ∼ −10) and require a derivation of a portion of the flysch from Precambrian crustal sources. The Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic compositions of both the Valdez and Orca Groups overlap the values determined for intrusive igneous rocks exposed within the northern portion of the Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary Coast Mountains Plutonic Complex in western British Columbia and equivalent rocks in southeastern Alaska. The isotopic data support previous conclusions based on geologic studies which suggest that the flysch was shed from this portion of the batholith, and from overlying continental margin arc-related volcanic rocks, following its rapid uplift in the Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary. The Precambrian crustal material present in the flysch may have been derived from Late Proterozoic or older metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks now exposed along the western margin of the Coast Mountains Plutonic Complex.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(93)90042-8","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Farmer, G.L., Ayuso, R., and Plafker, G., 1993, A Coast Mountains provenance for the Valdez and Orca groups, southern Alaska, based on Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 116, no. 1-4, p. 9-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(93)90042-8.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227632,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2cee4b0c8380cd45c71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farmer, G. L.","contributorId":97251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farmer","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayuso, R.","contributorId":98896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plafker, George 0000-0003-3972-0390","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3972-0390","contributorId":36603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018365,"text":"70018365 - 1993 - Late Pleistocene Vertebrates and Other Fossils from Epiguruk, Northwestern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:13","indexId":"70018365","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Pleistocene Vertebrates and Other Fossils from Epiguruk, Northwestern Alaska","docAbstract":"Sediments exposed at Epiguruk, a large cutbank on the Kobuk River about 170 km inland from Kotzebue Sound, record multiple episodes of glacial-age alluviation followed by interstadial downcutting and formation of paleosols. Vertebrate remains from Epiguruk include mammoth, bison, caribou, an equid, a canid, arctic ground squirrel, lemmings, and voles. Radiocarbon ages of bone validated by concordant ages of peat and wood span the interval between about 37,000 and 14,000 yr B.P. The late Pleistocene pollen record is dominated by Cyperaceae, with Artemisia, Salix, Betula, and Gramineae also generally abundant. The fossil record from Epiguruk indicates that the Kobuk River valley supported tundra vegetation with abundant riparian willows during middle and late Wisconsin time. Large herbivores were present during the height of late Wisconsin glaciation as well as during its waning stage and the preceding interstadial interval. The Kobuk River valley would have been a favorable refugium for plants, animals, and possibly humans throughout the last glaciation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/qres.1993.1045","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, T.D., Ashley, G., Reed, K.M., and Schweger, C.E., 1993, Late Pleistocene Vertebrates and Other Fossils from Epiguruk, Northwestern Alaska: Quaternary Research, v. 39, no. 3, p. 381-389, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1993.1045.","startPage":"381","endPage":"389","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205822,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1993.1045"},{"id":226982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4508e4b0c8380cd66f9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, T. D.","contributorId":36921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ashley, G.M.","contributorId":99313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashley","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, K. M.","contributorId":93888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schweger, C. E.","contributorId":63549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweger","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70018274,"text":"70018274 - 1993 - Subsurface temperatures and geothermal gradients on the north slope of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-08T16:51:39.977751","indexId":"70018274","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1264,"text":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsurface temperatures and geothermal gradients on the north slope of Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>On the North Slope of Alaska, geothermal gradient data are available from high-resolution, equilibrated well-bore surveys and from estimates based on well-log identification of the base of ice-bearing permafrost. A total of 46 North Slope wells, considered to be in or near thermal equilibrium, have been surveyed with high-resolution temperatures devices and geothermal gradients can be interpreted directly from these recorded temperature profiles. To augment the limited North Slope temperature data base, a new method of evaluating local geothermal gradients has been developed. In this method, a series of well-log picks for the base of the ice-bearing permafrost from 102 wells have been used, along with regional temperature constants derived from the high-resolution stabilized well-bore temperature surveys, to project geothermal gradients. Geothermal gradients calculated from the high-resolution temperature surveys generally agree with those projected from known ice-bearing permafrost depths over most of the North Slope. Values in the ice-bearing permafrost range from&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>&amp;#x2248;</mtext><mtext>1.5&amp;#xB0;</mtext><mtext>C</mtext><mtext>100</mtext><mtext>m</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">≈1.5°C100m</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;in the Prudhoe Bay area to&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>&amp;#x2248;</mtext><mtext>4.5&amp;#x3B4;</mtext><mtext>C</mtext><mtext>100</mtext><mtext>m</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">≈4.5<i>δ</i>C100m</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;in the east-central portion of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska. Geothermal gradients below the ice-bearing permafrost sequence range from&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>&amp;#x2248;</mtext><mtext>1.6&amp;#xB0;</mtext><mtext>C</mtext><mtext>100</mtext><mtext>m</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">≈1.6°C100m</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;to&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-4-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>&amp;#x2248;</mtext><mtext>5.2&amp;#xB0;</mtext><mtext>C</mtext><mtext>100</mtext><mtext>m</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">≈5.2°C100m</span></span></span><span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0165-232X(93)90071-F","usgsCitation":"Collett, T.S., Bird, K.J., and Magoon, L.B., 1993, Subsurface temperatures and geothermal gradients on the north slope of Alaska: Cold Regions Science and Technology, v. 21, no. 3, p. 275-293, https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-232X(93)90071-F.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"293","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227020,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -166.7096068686938,\n              71.69388395024325\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.08712006649446,\n              65.87803877813585\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.90675430350967,\n              65.87803877813585\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.85405574285585,\n              70.95363676700768\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.7096068686938,\n              71.69388395024325\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d90e4b08c986b31d909","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":379068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bird, Kenneth J. kbird@usgs.gov","contributorId":1015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbird@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":379067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Magoon, Leslie B. lmagoon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoon","given":"Leslie","email":"lmagoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":379066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70168766,"text":"70168766 - 1993 - Earthquakes, May-June 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-01T15:24:48","indexId":"70168766","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquakes, May-June 1993","docAbstract":"<p>&nbsp;A major earthquake (7.0&le;M&lt;8.0) occurred on June 8 during this reporting period. This magnitude 7.3 earthquake was centered off the east coast of Kamchatka. there were no earthquake-related deaths during the months of May and June.</p>\n<p>Seismicity in the United States included two strong earthquakes in Alaska. The first, a magntidue 6.8 earthquake on May 13, was centered on the Alaska Peninsula. The second, a magntidue 6.5 earthquake on May 15, struck the Andreanof Islands in the Aleutian chain. The California-Nevada border region experienced a magntidue 6.0 earthquake on MAy 17.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Person, W., 1993, Earthquakes, May-June 1993: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 24, no. 3, p. 147-152.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"152","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318471,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56d6cb56e4b015c306f32ccb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Person, W. J.","contributorId":91472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70176496,"text":"70176496 - 1993 - Volcanic activity in Alaska: September 1991-September 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T11:01:14","indexId":"70176496","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanic activity in Alaska: September 1991-September 1992","docAbstract":"<p>More than 40 historically active volcanic centers, each consisting of one or more volcanoes, are located on the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands (see map on next page). On average, at least one of these volcanoes erupts each year.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"McGimsey, G., 1993, Volcanic activity in Alaska: September 1991-September 1992: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 24, no. 2, p. 60-73.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"73","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328714,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.708984375,\n              71.32895017791996\n            ],\n            [\n              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Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":648980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2001462,"text":"2001462 - 1993 - Hydraulics of Alaska steeppass fishway model A40","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:55","indexId":"2001462","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":70,"text":"Research Information Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"95","title":"Hydraulics of Alaska steeppass fishway model A40","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"94-114/TF","usgsCitation":"Odeh, M., 1993, Hydraulics of Alaska steeppass fishway model A40: Research Information Bulletin 95, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"3","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db6297db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Odeh, M.","contributorId":95413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odeh","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1008013,"text":"1008013 - 1993 - Distribution, abundance, and age ratios of Wrangel Island lesser snow geese <i>Anser caerulescens</i> during autumn migration on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-26T16:31:45","indexId":"1008013","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution, abundance, and age ratios of Wrangel Island lesser snow geese <i>Anser caerulescens</i> during autumn migration on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","docAbstract":"<div>We monitored the distribution, abundance, and productivity of Lesser Snow Geese on the Yukon-Kuskokwim (Y-K) Delta, Alaska during September and October 1991, when the geese were en route from their nesting grounds on Wrangel Island, Russia to wintering areas along the Pacific Coast. Adult geese in brood flocks were captured on Wrangel Island and fitted with either satellite platform transmitting terminal (PTT) transmitters (29 birds) or conventional very high frequency (VHF) radio transmitters (68 birds). All geese with active PTTs used the Y-K Delta. Geese marked with PTTs and VHF transmitters were first detected on the Y-K Delta on 19 and 25 September, respectively, and stayed 8-9 days (range 1 to 25 days) Geese with PTTs used the same areas as unmarked geese and geese with VHF radios, except for the south Delta where only satellite data were obtained. Flocks averaged 1122 birds, and did not vary significantly in size during the study. Population estimates from two independent methods ranged from 58,000 to 88,000 geese during October. Productivity of the Wrangel Island population, as determined from the proportion of young in flocks using the Y-K Delta, has varied from 0.5 to 42.1% with a mean of 29%, since 1975. Age-ratio estimates from the Y-K Delta were highly correlated with, and not significantly different from, those from autumn staging and wintering areas further south, which may indicate that immatures in this population of geese suffer little mortality during the second half of their autumn migration.</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust","usgsCitation":"Ely, C.R., Takekawa, J.Y., and Wege, M., 1993, Distribution, abundance, and age ratios of Wrangel Island lesser snow geese <i>Anser caerulescens</i> during autumn migration on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: Wildfowl, v. 44, p. 24-32.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"24","endPage":"32","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337894,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildfowl.wwt.org.uk/index.php/wildfowl/article/view/913"}],"country":"Russia, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Wrangel Island, Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","volume":"44","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63e8d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":316543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wege, M.L.","contributorId":7659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wege","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70187910,"text":"70187910 - 1993 - Status and ecology of kittiwakes (<i>Rissa tridactyla</i> and R. <i>brevirostris</i>) in the North Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T12:21:26","indexId":"70187910","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Status and ecology of kittiwakes (<i>Rissa tridactyla</i> and R. <i>brevirostris</i>) in the North Pacific","docAbstract":"<p><span>Black-legged Kittiwakes (<i>Rissa tridactyla</i>) are widely distributed in the subarctic North Pacific and adjacent seas, with a total breeding population of about 2.6 million individuals. Red-legged Kittiwakes (<i>R. brevirostris</i>) breed in four locations, and at least 95% of their estimated world population of 230,000 birds nest on one island (St. George, Pribilof Islands). Compared to Black-legged Kittiwakes in Britain, both species in Alaska have exhibited poor productivity since at least the mid-1970s. The situation worsened during the 1980s, with recent (1985-1989) estimates of annual productivity averaging 0.19 young per nest. The frequency of \"colony failures\" (&lt;0.1 young per nest) exceeded 50% in Alaska between 1985 and 1989. Low productivity has involved, to varying degrees, the failure of many birds to lay eggs, reduced clutch sizes, low hatching success, and poor chick survival. There is evidence of population declines in some colonies of Black-legged Kittiwakes, but other colonies appear to be stable or increasing. High adult survival may account for the relative stability of Black-legged Kittiwakes, but widespread declines are anticipated unless productivity improves. The evidence suggests that poor productivity results from low surface availability of key prey species.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The status, ecology and conservation of marine birds of the North Pacific","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"The status, ecology and conservation of marine birds of the North Pacific: A symposium sponsored by the Pacific Seabird Group, the Canadian Wildlife Service, and the British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks","conferenceDate":"February 22-23, 1990","conferenceLocation":"Victoria, BC","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, ON","isbn":"9780662203599","usgsCitation":"Hatch, S.A., Byrd, G., Irons, D., and Hunt, G., 1993, Status and ecology of kittiwakes (<i>Rissa tridactyla</i> and R. <i>brevirostris</i>) in the North Pacific, <i>in</i> The status, ecology and conservation of marine birds of the North Pacific, Victoria, BC, February 22-23, 1990, p. 140-153.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"140","endPage":"153","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341646,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North Pacific","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59269bd1e4b0b7ff9fb489d2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Vermeer, Kees","contributorId":103524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vermeer","given":"Kees","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695957,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, K.T.","contributorId":111861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695958,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan, K.H.","contributorId":111516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695959,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Siegel-Causey, D.","contributorId":113787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegel-Causey","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695960,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byrd, G.V.","contributorId":39320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrd","given":"G.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Irons, D.B.","contributorId":52922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irons","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunt, G.L. Jr.","contributorId":56020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"G.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70180929,"text":"70180929 - 1993 - Conservation genetics of managed ungulate populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-08T17:38:34","indexId":"70180929","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":648,"text":"Acta Theriologica","onlineIssn":"2190-3743","printIssn":"0001-7051","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conservation genetics of managed ungulate populations","docAbstract":"<p>Natural populations of many species are increasingly impacted by human activities. Perturbations are particularly pronunced for large ungulates due in part to sport and commercial harvest, to reductions and fragmentation of native habitat, and as the result of reintroductions. These perturbations affect population size, sex and age composition, and population breeding structure, and as a consequence affect the levels and partitioning of genetic variation. Three case histories highlighting long-term ecological genetic research on mule <i>deer Odocoileus hemionus</i> (Rafinesque, 1817), white-tailed deer <i>O</i>. <i>virginianus</i> (Zimmermann, 1780), and Alpine ibex <i>Capra i. ibex</i> Linnaeus, 1758 are presented. Joint examinations of population ecological and genetic data from several populations of each species reveal: (1) that populations are not in genetic equilibrium, but that allele frequencies and heterozygosity change dramatically over time and among cohorts produced in successive years, (2) populations are genetically structured over short and large geographic distances reflecting local breeding structure and patterns of gene flow, respectively; however, this structure is quite dynamic over time, due in part to population exploitation, and (3) restocking programs are often undertaken with small numbers of founding individuals resulting in dramatic declines in levels of genetic variability and increasing levels of genetic differentiation among populations due to genetic drift. Genetic characteristics have and will continue to provide valuable indirect sources of information relating enviromental and human perturbations to changes in population processes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Polska Akademia Nauk","doi":"10.4098/AT.arch.93-44","usgsCitation":"Scribner, K.T., 1993, Conservation genetics of managed ungulate populations: Acta Theriologica, v. 38, no. 2, p. 89-101, https://doi.org/10.4098/AT.arch.93-44.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"101","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479491,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4098/at.arch.93-44","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":334984,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351388,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://rcin.org.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=12252"}],"volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589c3c50e4b0efcedb741119","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":146113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":16582,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Zoology, 480 Wilson Rd. 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1012856,"text":"1012856 - 1993 - Cub adoption by brown bears (Ursus arctos middendorffi) on Kodiak Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-14T01:15:20.200889","indexId":"1012856","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cub adoption by brown bears (Ursus arctos middendorffi) on Kodiak Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"We report three cases where female Brown Bears (Ursus arctos middendorffi) with new (1 winter season. The adoptions occurred in a sampling of 104 litters produced by 89 different females on Kodiak Island, Alaska during 1982-1990. A maximum of six cubs were reared from litters that probably would have produced 3-4 subadults if the adoptions had not taken place.","language":"English","publisher":"Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club","usgsCitation":"Barnes, V., and Smith, R., 1993, Cub adoption by brown bears (Ursus arctos middendorffi) on Kodiak Island, Alaska: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 107, p. 365-367.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"367","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130994,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":422548,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/357155"}],"volume":"107","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ea9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, V. Jr.","contributorId":13578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"V.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R.","contributorId":83874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70182169,"text":"70182169 - 1993 - Survival and pre-fledging body mass in juvenile emperor geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-17T14:59:54","indexId":"70182169","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival and pre-fledging body mass in juvenile emperor geese","docAbstract":"<p>A positive relationship exists between fledgling body mass and juvenile survival for some altricial (Krementz et al. 1989, Magrath 1991, Linden et al. 1992) and precocial (Owen and Black 1989, Longcore et al. 1991, Francis et al. 1992) species. Because the energetic demands of migration are high, physiologic condition may be a proximate determinate of juvenile survival in geese. Owen and Black (1989) found that pre-fledging body mass of Barnacle Geese (<i>Branta leucopsis</i>) was positively related to juvenile survival to winter. First-year survival in Lesser Snow Geese (<i>Chen caerulescens caerulescens</i>) was also affected by pre-fledging body mass (Francis et al. 1992). It is not clear, however, when such mass-related mortality occurs. Both species migrate &gt;3,000 km to wintering areas, but make use of fall staging areas while en route (Owen 1980, Francis and Cooke 1992). Survival fo geese between fledging and staging areas has not been addressed. Measurement of survival during this interval could provide insight to the timing of juvenile mortality in arctic geese.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1369404","usgsCitation":"Schmutz, J.A., 1993, Survival and pre-fledging body mass in juvenile emperor geese: The Condor, v. 95, no. 1, p. 222-225, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369404.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"222","endPage":"225","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335820,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"95","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a819b9e4b025c46429afd8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1013315,"text":"1013315 - 1993 - In my experience: Mitochondrial DNA in wildlife taxonomy and conservation biology: Cautionary notes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-23T09:43:28","indexId":"1013315","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In my experience: Mitochondrial DNA in wildlife taxonomy and conservation biology: Cautionary notes","docAbstract":"<p>Several recently published papers discussed the importance of systematics (the study of evolutionary and genetic relationships among organisms) and taxonomy (the naming and classification of organisms) for managing wildlife (Ryder 1986, Avise 1989, Amato 1991, O'Brien and Mayr 1991, Dowling et al. 1992), Often, classification below the species level is needed; for example, the Endangered Species Act of 1973 applies to local populations and subspecies as well as species. Conservation efforts may focus below the species level because of concerns about the fitness, evolutionary potentials, and locally adapted gene pools of natural populations (Soulé 1986, Hedrick and Milller 1992). This can be considered the genetic component of biodiversity.</p><p>Recent systematic studies with wildlife management applications have used modern molecular genetic methods. Analyses of a specific molecular marker, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), have been used in many of these studies (e.g., Shields and Wilson 1987, Avise and Nelson 1989, O'Brien et al. 1990, Wayne and Jenks 1991, Cronin 1992), However, there are limitations to the use of mtDNA in systematics (e.g., Overden et al., 1987, Pamilo and Nei 1988, Dowling et al. 1992). In my experience as a geneticist working with wildlife biologists, I have found a need for clarification of the use and limitations of modern molecular genetics. I specifically discuss the limitations of mtDNA data in systematic assessments of wildlife at and below the species level.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Cronin, M.A., 1993, In my experience: Mitochondrial DNA in wildlife taxonomy and conservation biology: Cautionary notes: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 21, no. 3, p. 339-348.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"339","endPage":"348","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337961,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildlife.org/publications/","text":"Publisher's Website"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699aa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, Matthew A.","contributorId":57307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cronin","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":28157,"text":"LGL Alaska Research Associates, Anchorage, AK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017967,"text":"70017967 - 1993 - Distribution and mode of occurrence of selenium in US coals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:57","indexId":"70017967","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1538,"text":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and mode of occurrence of selenium in US coals","docAbstract":"Selenium excess and deficiency have been established as the cause of various health problems in man and animals. Combustion of fossil fuels, especially coal, may be a major source of the anthropogenic introduction of selenium in the environment. Coal is enriched in selenium relative to selenium's concentration in most other rocks and relative to selenium in the Earth's crust. Data from almost 9,000 coal samples have been used to determine the concentration and distribution of selenium in US coals. The geometric mean concentration of selenium in US coal is 1.7 ppm. The highest mean selenium value (geometric mean 4.7 ppm) is in the Texas Region. Atlantic Coast (Virginia and North Carolina) and Alaska coals have the lowest geometric means (0.2 and 0.42 ppm, respectively). All western coal regions have mean selenium concentrations of less than 2.0 ppm. In contrast, all coal basins east of the Rocky Mountains (except for several small basins in Rhode Island, Virginia, and North Carolina) have mean selenium values of 1.9 or greater. Generally, variations in selenium concentration do not correlate with variations in ash yield, pyritic sulphur, or organic sulphur concentrations. This may be the result of multiple sources of selenium; however, in some non-marine basins with restricted sources of selenium, selenium has positive correlations with other coal quality parameters. Selenium occurs in several forms in coal but appears to be chiefly associated with the organic fraction, probably substituting for organic sulphur. Other important forms of selenium in coal are selenium-bearing pyrite, selenium-bearing galena, and lead selenide (clausthalite). Water-soluble and ion-exchangeable selenium also have been reported. ?? 1993 Copyright Science and Technology Letters.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00146745","issn":"02694042","usgsCitation":"Coleman, L., Bragg, L.J., and Finkelman, R.B., 1993, Distribution and mode of occurrence of selenium in US coals: Environmental Geochemistry and Health, v. 15, no. 4, p. 215-227, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00146745.","startPage":"215","endPage":"227","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206119,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00146745"},{"id":228494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0295e4b0c8380cd500f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coleman, L.","contributorId":72949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bragg, L. J.","contributorId":104055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bragg","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finkelman, R. B.","contributorId":20341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}