Since 1997, repeated, coincident geophysical surveys and extensive hydrologic studies in shallow monitoring wells have been used to study static and dynamic processes associated with surface water-groundwater interaction at a range of spatial scales at the estuarine and ocean boundaries of an undeveloped, permeable barrier island in the Georgia part of the U.S. South Atlantic Bight. Because geophysical and hydrologic data measure different parameters, at different resolution and precision, and over vastly different spatial scales, reconciling the coincident data or even combining complementary inversion, hydrogeochemcial analyses and well-based groundwater monitoring, and, in some cases, limited vegetation mapping to demonstrate the utility of an integrative, multidisciplinary approach for elucidating groundwater processes at spatial scales (tens to thousands of meters) that are often difficult to capture with traditional hydrologic approaches. The case studies highlight regional aquifer characteristics, varying degrees of lateral saltwater intrusion at estuarine boundaries, complex subsurface salinity gradients at the ocean boundary, and imaging of submarsh groundwater discharge and possible free convection in the pore waters of a clastic marsh. This study also documents the use of geophysical techniques for detecting temporal changes in groundwater salinity regimes under natural (not forced) gradients at intratidal to interannual (1998-200 Southeastern U.S.A. drought) time scales.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Subsurface hydrology: Data integration for properties and processes","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1029/171GM13","isbn":"9781118666463","usgsCitation":"Schultz, G.M., Ruppel, C., and Fulton, P., 2007, Integrating hydrologic and geophysical data to constrain coastal surficial aquifer processes at multiple spatial and temporal scales, chap. of Subsurface hydrology: Data integration for properties and processes, v. 171, p. 161-182, https://doi.org/10.1029/171GM13.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"182","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292509,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"171","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f464cce4b073ff773a7d1c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hyndman, David W.","contributorId":7868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyndman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709623,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709624,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Singha, Kamini 0000-0002-0605-3774","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0605-3774","contributorId":191366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singha","given":"Kamini","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":709625,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Schultz, Gregory M.","contributorId":9582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schultz","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":35646,"text":"Sky Research, Inc., Hanover, NH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":498679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruppel, Carolyn cruppel@usgs.gov","contributorId":2015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"Carolyn","email":"cruppel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fulton, Patrick","contributorId":34832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70198536,"text":"70198536 - 2007 - Determining the terminal electron-accepting reaction in the saturated subsurface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-13T10:01:16","indexId":"70198536","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T08:25:22","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Determining the terminal electron-accepting reaction in the saturated subsurface","docAbstract":"
No abstract available.
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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystem responses to mercury contamination: Indicators of change","language":"English","publisher":"CRC","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","usgsCitation":"Harris, R., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Murray, M., Reash, R., Saltman, T., and Murray, R., 2007, Introduction and background, chap. 1 of Ecosystem responses to mercury contamination: Indicators of change.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357308,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10da24e4b034bf6a7fc720","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, R. 0000-0002-9247-0768","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-0768","contributorId":13382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murray, M.","contributorId":89960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reash, R.J.","contributorId":68077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reash","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Saltman, T.","contributorId":207562,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saltman","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Murray, R.","contributorId":150081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murray","given":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":17901,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service, Suffolk, VA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70199120,"text":"70199120 - 2007 - Transport of microorganisms in the terrestrial subsurface: In situ and laboratory methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-05T08:03:36","indexId":"70199120","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T08:00:43","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"70","title":"Transport of microorganisms in the terrestrial subsurface: In situ and laboratory methods","docAbstract":"This chapter describes and discusses laboratory and field techniques for studying microbial transport behavior in aquifer materials and model porous media. Changes in ionic strength (I) during transport studies may occur inadvertently as a result of using halides as conservative tracers and may lead to density-induced sinking of the tracer cloud. Substantive increases in I as a result of injection of high concentrations of halide tracers can also result in overestimations of microbial attachment. In order to differentiate \"test\" microorganisms from indigenous subsurface populations and/or from other inadvertently introduced populations, microorganisms used in laboratory or in situ transport tests are typically labeled a priori with a stable tag. Other methods of labeling microorganisms for use in in situ and column transport studies have involved the use of stable isotopes ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). The characteristics of the conservative tracer breakthrough curve can then be used comparatively to determine some of the major transport parameters exhibited by the introduced microorganisms. Most controlled field investigations of subsurface microbial transport are conducted on limited spatial scales relative to the scales of interest to those concerned with pathogen transport to water supply wells, with microbially enhanced oil recovery from petroleum reservoirs, and with the feasibility of using introduced bacteria for aquifer restoration.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Manual of environmental microbiology","language":"English","publisher":"ASM Press","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1128/9781555815882.ch70","usgsCitation":"Harvey, R.W., Harms, H., and Landkamer, L.L., 2007, Transport of microorganisms in the terrestrial subsurface: In situ and laboratory methods, chap. 70 of Manual of environmental microbiology, p. 872-897, https://doi.org/10.1128/9781555815882.ch70.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"872","endPage":"897","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357063,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98c09de4b0702d0e845c37","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hurst, C. J.","contributorId":206942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hurst","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744188,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crawford, R.","contributorId":175434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crawford","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744189,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garland, J.","contributorId":100268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garland","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744190,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lipson, D.A.","contributorId":207564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lipson","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744191,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mills, A.","contributorId":33085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744192,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stetzenbach, L.D.","contributorId":207563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stetzenbach","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744193,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6}],"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harms, Hauke","contributorId":207565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harms","given":"Hauke","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landkamer, Lee L.","contributorId":65679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landkamer","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70199118,"text":"70199118 - 2007 - Biogeochemistry of aquifer systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-05T07:47:55","indexId":"70199118","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T07:43:26","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"68","title":"Biogeochemistry of aquifer systems","docAbstract":"Many studies have examined the differences in bacterial numbers, composition, and activity between groundwater and sediment samples. The majority of the literature has suggested higher percentages of attached bacteria than of unattached bacteria in aquifer systems, including in pristine aquifers and in aquifers contaminated with petroleum, creosote, sewage, and landfill leachate. In studies of aquifer biogeochemistry, much useful information regarding the microbial ecology of the system can be obtained by looking at organic compound and electron acceptor concentrations. An overview of approaches for identifying the redox characteristics of sediment is given in Christensen et al., and methods specific for determining reactive iron species in aquifers are reviewed by Heron et al. and Tuccillo et al. Other solid-phase electron acceptors that are important in aquifer systems include Mn(IV) oxides and barite. Important biogeochemical reactions catalyzed by indigenous microorganisms also are studied using a variety of experimental approaches including laboratory batch and column experiments as well as field-based in situ microcosms, tracer tests, and push-pull tests. The advantage of using a radiolabeled tracer in a study was that the reaction rates could be determined for the different steps in the denitrification pathway. Historically, researchers trained in geochemistry and hydrology created and tested hypotheses about aquifer biogeochemistry through laboratory assays and field-based geo-chemical measurements and experiments. Jeon et al. extended this research by using push-pull tests combined with stable-isotope probing to identify the specific members of the microbial community actively degrading naphthalene and rates of naphthalene degradation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Manual of environmental microbiology","language":"English","publisher":"ASM Press","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1128/9781555815882.ch68","usgsCitation":"Cozzarelli, I.M., and Weiss, J., 2007, Biogeochemistry of aquifer systems, chap. 68 of Manual of environmental microbiology, p. 843-859, https://doi.org/10.1128/9781555815882.ch68.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"843","endPage":"859","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357061,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98c09ee4b0702d0e845c39","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hurst, C. J.","contributorId":206942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hurst","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744177,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crawford, R.","contributorId":175434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crawford","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744178,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garland, J.","contributorId":100268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garland","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744179,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mills, A.L.","contributorId":33485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744180,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lipson, D.A.","contributorId":207564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lipson","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744181,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stetzenbach, L.D.","contributorId":207563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stetzenbach","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744182,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6}],"authors":[{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weiss, J.V.","contributorId":82105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiss","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199117,"text":"70199117 - 2007 - Monitoring and evaluating trends in sediment and water indicators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-05T07:35:36","indexId":"70199117","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T07:26:23","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"3","title":"Monitoring and evaluating trends in sediment and water indicators","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystem responses to mercury contamination: Indicators of change","language":"English","publisher":"CRC","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","issn":"9780849388927","usgsCitation":"Krabbenhoft, D.P., Engstrom, D., Gilmour, C., Harris, R., Hurley, J., and Mason, R., 2007, Monitoring and evaluating trends in sediment and water indicators, chap. 3 of Ecosystem responses to mercury contamination: Indicators of change, p. 47-82.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"82","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357060,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98c09ee4b0702d0e845c3b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Harris, R. 0000-0002-9247-0768","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-0768","contributorId":13382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744169,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744170,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mason, R.","contributorId":11439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744171,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murray, M.","contributorId":89960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744172,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reash, R.J.","contributorId":68077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reash","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744173,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Saltman, T.","contributorId":207562,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saltman","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744174,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6}],"authors":[{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engstrom, D.R.","contributorId":88496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engstrom","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilmour, C.","contributorId":62382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmour","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harris, R. 0000-0002-9247-0768","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-0768","contributorId":13382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hurley, J.P.","contributorId":97645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurley","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mason, R.P.","contributorId":61989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70198620,"text":"70198620 - 2007 - Integrated multi‐scale characterization of ground‐water flow and chemical transport in fractured crystalline rock at the Mirror Lake Site, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-02T13:47:49.01156","indexId":"70198620","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T06:54:57","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5371,"text":"Geophysical Monograph","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Integrated multi‐scale characterization of ground‐water flow and chemical transport in fractured crystalline rock at the Mirror Lake Site, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"This chapter contains sections titled:
Introduction
Mirror Lake Site
Fractures and Geologic Mapping
Hydraulic Properties of Fractured Rock From Meters to Kilometers
Chemical Migration in Fractured Rock
Fracture Controls on Ground‐Water Flow and Chemical Transport at the Mirror Lake Site
Summary
Ninety eight pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds (POOCs) that were amended to samples of chlorinated drinking-water were extracted and analyzed 1, 3, 6, 8, and 10 days after amendment to determine whether the total chlorine residual reacted with the amended POOCs in drinking water in a time frame similar to the residence time of drinking water in a water distribution system.
Results indicated that if all 98 were present in the finished drinking water from a drinking-water treatment plant using free chlorine at 1.2 mg/L as the distribution system disinfectant residual, 52 POOCs would be present in the drinking water after 10 days at approximately the same concentration as in the newly finished drinking water. Concentrations of 16 POOCs would be reduced by 32% to 92%, and 22 POOCs would react completely with residual chlorine within 24 h. Thus, the presence of free chlorine residual is an effective means for transforming some POOCs during distribution.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.11.003","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Gibs, J., Stackelberg, P.E., Furlong, E.T., Meyer, M.T., Zaugg, S.D., and Lippincott, R., 2007, Persistence of pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds in chlorinated drinking water as a function of time: Science of the Total Environment, v. 373, no. 1, p. 240-249, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.11.003.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"240","endPage":"249","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213148,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.11.003"}],"volume":"373","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76eee4b0c8380cd7839d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibs, Jacob jgibs@usgs.gov","contributorId":1729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibs","given":"Jacob","email":"jgibs@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":438981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stackelberg, Paul E. 0000-0002-1818-355X pestack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-355X","contributorId":1069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stackelberg","given":"Paul","email":"pestack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":438982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zaugg, Steven D. sdzaugg@usgs.gov","contributorId":768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"Steven","email":"sdzaugg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":438980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lippincott, R.L.","contributorId":73817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lippincott","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":438979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70029826,"text":"70029826 - 2007 - Assessment of contamination from arsenical pesticide use on orchards in the great valley region, Virginia and West Virginia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-19T10:26:16","indexId":"70029826","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of contamination from arsenical pesticide use on orchards in the great valley region, Virginia and West Virginia, USA","docAbstract":"Lead arsenate pesticides were widely used in apple orchards from 1925 to 1955. Soils from historic orchards in four counties in Virginia and West Virginia contained elevated concentrations of As and Pb, consistent with an arsenical pesticide source. Arsenic concentrations in approximately 50% of the orchard site soils and approximately 1% of reference site soils exceed the USEPA Preliminary Remediation Goal (PRG) screening guideline of 22 mg kg-1 for As in residential soi, defined on the basis of combined chronic exposure risk. Approximately 5% of orchard site soils exceed the USEPA PRG for Pb of 400 mg kg-1 in residential soil; no reference site soils sampled exceed this value. A variety of statistical methods were used to characterize the occurrence, distribution, and dispersion of arsenical pesticide residues in soils, stream sediments, and ground waters relative to landscape features and likely background conditions. Concentrations of Zn, Pb, and Cu were most strongly associated with high developed land density and population density, whereas elevated concentrations of As were weakly correlated with high orchard density, consistent with a pesticide residue source. Arsenic concentrations in ground water wells in the region are generally <0.005 mg L-1. There was no spatial association between As concentrations in ground water and proximity to orchards. Arsenic had limited mobility into ground water from surface soils contaminated with arsenical pesticide residues at concentrations typically found in orchards.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2134/jeq2006.0413","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Robinson, G.R., Larkins, P., Boughton, C.J., Reed, B.W., and Sibrell, P.L., 2007, Assessment of contamination from arsenical pesticide use on orchards in the great valley region, Virginia and West Virginia, USA: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 36, no. 3, p. 654-663, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0413.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"654","endPage":"663","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213091,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0413"}],"country":"United States","volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee28e4b0c8380cd49bc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Gilpin R. Jr. grobinso@usgs.gov","contributorId":3083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Gilpin","suffix":"Jr.","email":"grobinso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":424491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larkins, Peter","contributorId":40691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larkins","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boughton, Carol J.","contributorId":27429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boughton","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reed, Bradley W.","contributorId":15300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sibrell, Philip L. psibrell@usgs.gov","contributorId":2006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibrell","given":"Philip","email":"psibrell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":424492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70029825,"text":"70029825 - 2007 - Enhancing water cycle measurements for future hydrologic research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:34","indexId":"70029825","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1112,"text":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","onlineIssn":"1520-0477","printIssn":"0003-0007","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enhancing water cycle measurements for future hydrologic research","docAbstract":"The Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Sciences, Inc., established the Hydrologic Measurement Facility to transform watershed-scale hydrologic research by facilitating access to advanced instrumentation and expertise that would not otherwise be available to individual investigators. We outline a committee-based process that determined which suites of instrumentation best fit the needs of the hydrological science community and a proposed mechanism for the governance and distribution of these sensors. Here, we also focus on how these proposed suites of instrumentation can be used to address key scientific challenges, including scaling water cycle science in time and space, broadening the scope of individual subdisciplines of water cycle science, and developing mechanistic linkages among these subdisciplines and spatio-temporal scales. ?? 2007 American Meteorological Society.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/BAMS-88-5-669","issn":"00030007","usgsCitation":"Loescher, H., Jacobs, J., Wendroth, O., Robinson, D., Poulos, G., McGuire, K., Reed, P., Mohanty, B., Shanley, J.B., and Krajewski, W., 2007, Enhancing water cycle measurements for future hydrologic research: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, v. 88, no. 5, p. 669-676, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-88-5-669.","startPage":"669","endPage":"676","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477247,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-88-5-669","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":213090,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-88-5-669"},{"id":240679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0979e4b0c8380cd51f24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loescher, H.W.","contributorId":68966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loescher","given":"H.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobs, J.M.","contributorId":10446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobs","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wendroth, O.","contributorId":82533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wendroth","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robinson, D.A.","contributorId":64895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Poulos, G.S.","contributorId":104712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulos","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McGuire, K.","contributorId":63219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reed, P.","contributorId":19316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mohanty, B.P.","contributorId":20162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mohanty","given":"B.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Shanley, J. B.","contributorId":52226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Krajewski, W.","contributorId":78921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krajewski","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70029805,"text":"70029805 - 2007 - Distributed energy-balance modeling of snow-cover evolution and melt in rugged terrain: Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:07","indexId":"70029805","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distributed energy-balance modeling of snow-cover evolution and melt in rugged terrain: Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana, USA","docAbstract":"A distributed energy-balance model was developed for simulating snowpack evolution and melt in rugged terrain. The model, which was applied to a 43-km2 watershed in the Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana, USA, used measured ambient data from nearby weather stations to drive energy-balance calculations and to constrain the model of Liston and Sturm [Liston, G.E., Sturm, M., 1998. A snow-transport model for complex terrain. Journal of Glaciology 44 (148), 498-516] for calculating the initial snowpack thickness. Simulated initial snow-water equivalent ranged between 1 cm and 385 cm w.e. (water equivalent) with high values concentrated on east-facing slopes below tall summits. An interpreted satellite image of the snowcover distribution on May 6, 1998, closely matched the simulated distribution with the greatest discrepancy occurring in the floor of the main trunk valley. Model simulations indicated that snowmelt commenced early in the melt season, but rapid meltout of snow cover did not occur until after the average energy balance of the entire watershed became positive about 45 days into the melt season. Meltout was fastest in the lower part of the watershed where warmer temperatures and tree cover enhanced the energy income of the underlying snow. An interpreted satellite image of the snowcover distribution on July 9, 1998 compared favorably with the simulated distribution, and melt curves for modeled canopy-covered cells mimicked the trends measured at nearby snow pillow stations. By the end of the simulation period (August 3), 28% of the watershed remained snow covered, most of which was concentrated in the highest parts of the watershed where initially thick accumulations had been shaded by surrounding summits. The results of this study provide further demonstration of the critical role that topography plays in the timing and magnitude of snowmelt from high mountain watersheds. ?? 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.12.012","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Letsinger, S., and Olyphant, G., 2007, Distributed energy-balance modeling of snow-cover evolution and melt in rugged terrain: Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 336, no. 1-2, p. 48-60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.12.012.","startPage":"48","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212805,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.12.012"},{"id":240349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"336","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0254e4b0c8380cd4ffe8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Letsinger, S.L.","contributorId":50731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letsinger","given":"S.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olyphant, G.A.","contributorId":51023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olyphant","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029750,"text":"70029750 - 2007 - Role of chemotaxis in the transport of bacteria through saturated porous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T11:27:44","indexId":"70029750","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of chemotaxis in the transport of bacteria through saturated porous media","docAbstract":"Populations of chemotactic bacteria are able to sense and respond to chemical gradients in their surroundings and direct their migration toward increasing concentrations of chemicals that they perceive to be beneficial to their survival. It has been suggested that this phenomenon may facilitate bioremediation processes by bringing bacteria into closer proximity to the chemical contaminants that they degrade. To determine the significance of chemotaxis in these processes it is necessary to quantify the magnitude of the response and compare it to other groundwater processes that affect the fate and transport of bacteria. We present a systematic approach toward quantifying the chemotactic response of bacteria in laboratory scale experiments by starting with simple, well-defined systems and gradually increasing their complexity. Swimming properties of individual cells were assessed from trajectories recorded by a tracking microscope. These properties were used to calculate motility and chemotaxis coefficients of bacterial populations in bulk aqueous media which were compared to experimental results of diffusion studies. Then effective values of motility and chemotaxis coefficients in single pores, pore networks and packed columns were analyzed. These were used to estimate the magnitude of the chemotactic response in porous media and to compare with dispersion coefficients reported in the field. This represents a compilation of many studies over a number of years. While there are certainly limitations with this approach for ultimately quantifying motility and chemotaxis in granular aquifer media, it does provide insight into what order of magnitude responses are possible and which characteristics of the bacteria and media are expected to be important.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2006.05.019","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Ford, R., and Harvey, R.W., 2007, Role of chemotaxis in the transport of bacteria through saturated porous media: Advances in Water Resources, v. 30, no. 6-7, p. 1608-1617, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2006.05.019.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1608","endPage":"1617","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":213030,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2006.05.019"},{"id":240610,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"6-7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae49e4b0c8380cd87072","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ford, R.M.","contributorId":95689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":424117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70029740,"text":"70029740 - 2007 - Formation of mixed Al-Fe colloidal sorbent and dissolved-colloidal partitioning of Cu and Zn in the Cement Creek - Animas River Confluence, Silverton, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-02T11:33:46.512511","indexId":"70029740","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Formation of mixed Al-Fe colloidal sorbent and dissolved-colloidal partitioning of Cu and Zn in the Cement Creek - Animas River Confluence, Silverton, Colorado","docAbstract":"Transport and chemical transformations of dissolved and colloidal Al, Fe, Cu and Zn were studied by detailed sampling in the mixing zone downstream from the confluence of Cement Creek (pH 4.1) with the Animas River (pH 7.6). Complete mixing resulted in circumneutral pH in the downstream reach of the 1300 m study area. All four metals were transported through this mixing zone without significant losses to the streambed, and they exhibited transformations from dissolved to colloidal forms to varying degrees during the mixing process. Nearly all of the Al formed colloidal hydrous Al oxides (HAO) as pH increased (4.8–6.5), whereas colloidal hydrous Fe oxides (HFO) were supplied by Cement Creek as well as formed in the mixing zone primarily at higher pH (>6.5). The short travel time through the mixing zone (approx. 40 min) and pH limited the formation of HFO from dissolved Fe2+ supplied by Cement Creek. Although the proportions of HAO and HFO varied as the streams mixed, the colloidal sorbent typically was enriched in HAO relative to HFO by a factor of 1.5–2.1 (by mole) in the pH range where dissolved-to-colloidal partitioning of Cu and Zn was observed. Model simulations of sorption by HFO (alone) greatly underestimated the dissolved-to-colloidal partitioning of Zn. Previous studies have shown that HAO–HFO mixtures can sorb greater amounts of Zn than HFO alone, but the high Zn-to-sorbent ratio in this mixing zone could also account for greater partitioning. In contrast to Zn, comparisons with model simulations did not show that Cu sorption was greater than that for HFO alone, and also indicated that sorption was possibly less than what would be expected for a non-interactive mixture of these two sorbents. These field results for Cu, however, might be influenced by (organic) complexation or other factors in this natural system. Laboratory mixing experiments using natural source waters (upstream of the confluence) showed that the presence of HFO in the mixed sorbent resulted in greater Cu partitioning than for HAO alone, and that the effect was greater with increasing (mole fraction) HFO. This was consistent with field results that showed greater Cu sorption when additional HFO was formed in the downstream reach of the mixing zone. Further research is needed to identify the significance of surface-related mechanisms specific to HAO–HFO mixtures that could affect the partitioning of Cu in natural systems.
The export and Δ14C-age of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was determined for the Yenisey, Lena, Ob', Mackenzie, and Yukon rivers for 2004–2005. Concentrations of DOC elevate significantly with increasing discharge in these rivers, causing approximately 60% of the annual export to occur during a 2-month period following spring ice breakup. We present a total annual flux from the five rivers of ∼16 teragrams (Tg), and conservatively estimate that the total input of DOC to the Arctic Ocean is 25–36 Tg, which is ∼5–20% greater than previous fluxes. These fluxes are also ∼2.5× greater than temperate rivers with similar watershed sizes and water discharge. Δ14C-DOC shows a clear relationship with hydrology. A small pool of DOC slightly depleted in Δ14C is exported with base flow. The large pool exported with spring thaw is enriched in Δ14C with respect to current-day atmospheric Δ14C-CO2 values. A simple model predicts that ∼50% of DOC exported during the arctic spring thaw is 1–5 years old, ∼25% is 6–10 years in age, and 15% is 11–20 years old. The dominant spring melt period, a historically undersampled period, exports a large amount of young and presumably semilabile DOC to the Arctic Ocean.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2007GB002934","issn":"08866236","usgsCitation":"Raymond, P., McClelland, J., Holmes, R., Zhulidov, A., Mull, K., Peterson, B.J., Striegl, R.G., Aiken, G., and Gurtovaya, T., 2007, Flux and age of dissolved organic carbon exported to the Arctic Ocean: A carbon isotopic study of the five largest arctic rivers: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 21, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GB002934.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212708,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007GB002934"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-11-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a12a7e4b0c8380cd543b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raymond, P.A.","contributorId":62013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymond","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McClelland, J.W.","contributorId":62015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClelland","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holmes, R.M.","contributorId":66485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhulidov, A.V.","contributorId":60020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhulidov","given":"A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mull, K.","contributorId":17045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mull","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peterson, B. J.","contributorId":53749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":424008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":424013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. 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A multisite investigation assessed the major controls on these fluctuations and the ecohydrologic insights that can be gleaned from them. Spatial and temporal variations in the amplitude of the fluctuations are primarily a function of variations in (1) the meteorological drivers of plant water use, (2) vegetation density, type, and vitality, and (3) the specific yield of sediments in the vicinity of the water table. Past hydrologic conditions experienced by the riparian zone vegetation, either in previous years or earlier within the same growing season, are also an important control. Diurnal water table fluctuations can be considered a diagnostic indicator of groundwater consumption by phreatophytes at most sites, so the information embedded within these fluctuations should be more widely exploited in ecohydrologic studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005WR004627","usgsCitation":"Butler, J.J., Kluitenberg, G.J., Whittemore, D.O., Loheide, S.P., Jin, W., Billinger, M.A., and Zhan, X., 2007, A field investigation of phreatophyte‐induced fluctuations in the water table: Water Resources Research, v. 43, no. 2, Article W02404; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004627.","productDescription":"Article W02404; 12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477034,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005wr004627","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":240712,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3d3e4b0c8380cd46241","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Butler, James J. Jr.","contributorId":199860,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butler","given":"James","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kluitenberg, Gerard J.","contributorId":93706,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kluitenberg","given":"Gerard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whittemore, Donald O.","contributorId":28748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittemore","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loheide, Steven P. II","contributorId":62377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loheide","given":"Steven","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jin, Wei","contributorId":169363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jin","given":"Wei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Billinger, Mark A.","contributorId":117268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Billinger","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zhan, Xiaoyong","contributorId":140206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhan","given":"Xiaoyong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70033051,"text":"70033051 - 2007 - The lakes of Titan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-07T16:40:59","indexId":"70033051","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The lakes of Titan","docAbstract":"The surface of Saturn’s haze-shrouded moon Titan has long been proposed to have oceans or lakes, on the basis of the stability of liquid methane at the surface1,2. Initial visible3 and radar4,5 imaging failed to find any evidence of an ocean, although abundant evidence was found that flowing liquids have existed on the surface5,6. Here we provide definitive evidence for the presence of lakes on the surface of Titan, obtained during the Cassini Radar flyby of Titan on 22 July 2006 (T16). The radar imaging polewards of 70° north shows more than 75 circular to irregular radar-dark patches, in a region where liquid methane and ethane are expected to be abundant and stable on the surface2,7. The radar-dark patches are interpreted as lakes on the basis of their very low radar reflectivity and morphological similarities to lakes, including associated channels and location in topographic depressions. Some of the lakes do not completely fill the depressions in which they lie, and apparently dry depressions are present. We interpret this to indicate that lakes are present in a number of states, including partly dry and liquid-filled. These northern-hemisphere lakes constitute the strongest evidence yet that a condensable-liquid hydrological cycle is active in Titan’s surface and atmosphere, in which the lakes are filled through rainfall and/or intersection with the subsurface ‘liquid methane’ table.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/nature05438","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Stofan, E.R., Elachi, C., Lunine, J.I., Lorenz, R.D., Stiles, B., Mitchell, K.L., Ostro, S., Soderblom, L.A., Wood, C., Zebker, H., Wall, S., Janssen, M.A., Kirk, R.L., Lopes, R., Paganelli, F., Radebaugh, J., Wye, L., Anderson, Y., Allison, M., Boehmer, R., Callahan, P., Encrenaz, P., Flamini, E., Francescetti, G., Gim, Y., Hamilton, G., Hensley, S., Johnson, W., Kelleher, K., Muhleman, D., Paillou, P., Picardi, G., Posa, F., Roth, L., Seu, R., Shaffer, S., Vetrella, S., and West, R., 2007, The lakes of Titan: Nature, v. 445, no. 7123, p. 61-64, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05438.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476978,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150408-080531263","text":"External Repository"},{"id":240746,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Titan","volume":"445","issue":"7123","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad7ae4b08c986b323c31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stofan, Ellen R.","contributorId":103746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stofan","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elachi, Charles","contributorId":211194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elachi","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":439165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lunine, Jonathan I.","contributorId":82447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunine","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lorenz, Ralf D.","contributorId":147255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lorenz","given":"Ralf","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stiles, B.","contributorId":59547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stiles","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mitchell, K. L.","contributorId":62734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitchell","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ostro, S.","contributorId":78924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostro","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Soderblom, Laurence A. 0000-0002-0917-853X lsoderblom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":2721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"Laurence","email":"lsoderblom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":439166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wood, 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W.T.K.","contributorId":27174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Kelleher, K.","contributorId":102677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelleher","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Muhleman, D.","contributorId":82515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhleman","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Paillou, Philipe","contributorId":211181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paillou","given":"Philipe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Picardi, G.","contributorId":21674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Picardi","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Posa, F.","contributorId":43552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Posa","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Roth, L.","contributorId":70978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34},{"text":"Seu, R.","contributorId":53509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seu","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":35},{"text":"Shaffer, S.","contributorId":89709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":36},{"text":"Vetrella, S.","contributorId":48374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vetrella","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":37},{"text":"West, R.","contributorId":26996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":439137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":38}]}} ,{"id":70031670,"text":"70031670 - 2007 - Rapid estimation of recharge potential in ephemeral-stream channels using electromagnetic methods, and measurements of channel and vegetation characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T12:27:10","indexId":"70031670","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid estimation of recharge potential in ephemeral-stream channels using electromagnetic methods, and measurements of channel and vegetation characteristics","docAbstract":"To classify recharge potential (RCP) in ephemeral-stream channels, a method was developed that incorporates information about channel geometry, vegetation characteristics, and bed-sediment apparent electrical conductivity (??a). Recharge potential is not independently measurable, but is instead formulated as a site-specific, qualitative parameter. We used data from 259 transects across two ephemeral-stream channels near Sierra Vista, Arizona, a location with a semiarid climate. Seven data types were collected: ??a averaged over two depth intervals (0-3 m, and 0-6 m), channel incision depth and width, diameter-at-breast-height of the largest tree, woody-plant and grass density. A two-tiered system was used to classify a transect's RCP. In the first tier, transects were categorized by estimates of near-surface-sediment hydraulic permeability as low, moderate, or high using measurements of 0-3 m-depth ??a. Each of these categories was subdivided into low, medium, or high RCP classes using the remaining six data types, thus yielding a total of nine RCP designations. Six sites in the study area were used to compare RCP and ??a with previously measured surrogates for hydraulic permeability. Borehole-averaged percent fines showed a moderate correlation with both shallow and deep ??a measurements, however, correlation of point measurements of saturated hydraulic conductivity, percent fines, and cylinder infiltrometer measurements with ??a and RCP was generally poor. The poor correlation was probably caused by the relatively large measurement volume and spatial averaging of ??a compared with the spatially-limited point measurements. Because of the comparatively large spatial extent of measurement transects and variety of data types collected, RCP estimates can give a more complete picture of the major factors affecting recharge at a site than is possible through point or borehole-averaged estimates of hydraulic permeability alone. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.06.028","usgsCitation":"Callegary, J., Leenhouts, J., Paretti, N., and Jones, C.A., 2007, Rapid estimation of recharge potential in ephemeral-stream channels using electromagnetic methods, and measurements of channel and vegetation characteristics: Journal of Hydrology, v. 344, no. 1-2, p. 17-31, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.06.028.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"344","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94dbe4b0c8380cd8166a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Callegary, J.B.","contributorId":71769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callegary","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leenhouts, J.M.","contributorId":103861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenhouts","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paretti, N.V.","contributorId":16226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paretti","given":"N.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, Christopher A. chrisj@usgs.gov","contributorId":47478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Christopher","email":"chrisj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35993,"text":"Hydrologic Investigations and Research Section","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":432598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031701,"text":"70031701 - 2007 - Near infrared spectroscopic examination of charred pine wood, bark, cellulose and lignin: Implications for the quantitative determination of charcoal in soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T08:11:56","indexId":"70031701","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2398,"text":"Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Near infrared spectroscopic examination of charred pine wood, bark, cellulose and lignin: Implications for the quantitative determination of charcoal in soils","docAbstract":"The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of charring on near infrared spectra of materials likely to be present in forest fires in order to determine the feasibility of determining charred carbon in soils. Four materials (cellulose, lignin, pine bark and pine wood) and char from these materials created by charring for various durations (1 to 168 h) and at various temperatures (200 to 450??C) were studied. Near infrared spectra and measures of acidity (total acids, carboxylic acids, lactones and phenols as determined by titration) were available for 56 different samples (Not all samples charred at all temperatures/durations). Results showed spectral changes that varied with the material, temperature and duration of charring. Examination of spectra and correlation plots indicated that changes in the constituents of the materials in question, such as loss of OH groups in carbohydrates, rather than direct determination of typical products produced by charring, such as carboxylic acids, lactones and phenols, were the basis for the spectral changes. Finally, while the spectral changes resulting from charring appeared to be relatively unique to each material, PLS calibrations for total acids, carboxylic acids, lactones and phenols were successfully created (with R2 of 0.991, 0.943, 0.931 and 0.944, respectively) indicating that there is a sufficient commonality in the changes to develop calibrations without the need for unique calibrations for each specific set of charring conditions (i.e. material, temperature and time of heating).
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1255/jnirs.742","issn":"09670335","usgsCitation":"Reeves, J.B., McCarty, G.W., Rutherford, D.W., and Wershaw, R.L., 2007, Near infrared spectroscopic examination of charred pine wood, bark, cellulose and lignin: Implications for the quantitative determination of charcoal in soils: Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy, v. 15, no. 5, p. 307-315, https://doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.742.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"315","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":240081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212578,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.742"}],"volume":"15","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a63d2e4b0c8380cd726fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeves, James B. III","contributorId":40693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCarty, Gregory W.","contributorId":192367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCarty","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":432748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rutherford, David W. dwruther@usgs.gov","contributorId":1325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutherford","given":"David","email":"dwruther@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":432747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wershaw, Robert L. rwershaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":4856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"Robert","email":"rwershaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":432749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70031739,"text":"70031739 - 2007 - Comparison of local- to regional-scale estimates of ground-water recharge in Minnesota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-03T11:20:41.383437","indexId":"70031739","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of local- to regional-scale estimates of ground-water recharge in Minnesota, USA","docAbstract":"Regional ground-water recharge estimates for Minnesota were compared to estimates made on the basis of four local- and basin-scale methods. Three local-scale methods (unsaturated-zone water balance, water-table fluctuations (WTF) using three approaches, and age dating of ground water) yielded point estimates of recharge that represent spatial scales from about 1 to about 1000 m2. A fourth method (RORA, a basin-scale analysis of streamflow records using a recession-curve-displacement technique) yielded recharge estimates at a scale of 10–1000s of km2. The RORA basin-scale recharge estimates were regionalized to estimate recharge for the entire State of Minnesota on the basis of a regional regression recharge (RRR) model that also incorporated soil and climate data. Recharge rates estimated by the RRR model compared favorably to the local and basin-scale recharge estimates. RRR estimates at study locations were about 41% less on average than the unsaturated-zone water-balance estimates, ranged from 44% greater to 12% less than estimates that were based on the three WTF approaches, were about 4% less than the age dating of ground-water estimates, and were about 5% greater than the RORA estimates. Of the methods used in this study, the WTF method is the simplest and easiest to apply. Recharge estimates made on the basis of the UZWB method were inconsistent with the results from the other methods. Recharge estimates using the RRR model could be a good source of input for regional ground-water flow models; RRR model results currently are being applied for this purpose in USGS studies elsewhere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.10.010","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Delin, G., Healy, R.W., Lorenz, D., and Nimmo, J., 2007, Comparison of local- to regional-scale estimates of ground-water recharge in Minnesota, USA: Journal of Hydrology, v. 334, no. 1-2, p. 231-249, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.10.010.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"249","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239641,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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We used 5-min point counts to sample birds in each study area each spring from 1995 to 1998, and measured ground-surface elevations and a suite of other habitat variables to investigate bird distributions and community characteristics in relation to important environmental gradients. In both AR and SC, the average number of Neotropical migrant species detected was lowest in semipermanently flooded Nyssa aquatica Linnaeus habitats and greatest in the highest elevation floodplain zone. Melanerpes carolinus Linnaeus, Protonotaria citrea Boddaert, Quiscalus quiscula Linnaeus, and other species were more abundant in N. aquatica habitats, whereas Wilsonia citrina Boddaert, Oporornis formosus Wilson, Vireo griseus Boddaert, and others were more abundant in drier floodplain zones. In LA, there were no significant differences in community metrics or bird species abundances among forest types. Canonical correspondence analyses revealed that structural development of understory vegetation was the most important factor affecting bird distributions in all three study areas; however, potential causes of these structural gradients differed. In AR and SC, differences in habitat structure were related to the hydrologic gradient, as indexed by ground-surface elevation. In LA, structural variations were related mainly to the frequency of canopy gaps. Thus, bird communities in all three areas appeared to be organized primarily in response to repeated localized disturbance. Our results suggest that regular disturbance due to flooding plays an important role in structuring breeding bird communities in floodplains subject to prolonged inundation, whereas other agents of disturbance (e.g., canopy gaps) may be more important in headwater systems subject to only short-duration flooding. Management for avian community integrity in these systems should strive to maintain forest zonation and natural disturbance regimes. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11273-007-9040-z","issn":"09234861","usgsCitation":"Wakeley, J., Guilfoyle, M., Antrobus, T.J., Fischer, R., Barrow, W., and Hamel, P., 2007, Ordination of breeding birds in relation to environmental gradients in three southeastern United States floodplain forests: Wetlands Ecology and Management, v. 15, no. 5, p. 417-439, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-007-9040-z.","startPage":"417","endPage":"439","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":212349,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11273-007-9040-z"},{"id":239820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6f44e4b0c8380cd759f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wakeley, J.S.","contributorId":103996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wakeley","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guilfoyle, M.P.","contributorId":59145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guilfoyle","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Antrobus, T. J.","contributorId":63117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antrobus","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fischer, R.A.","contributorId":21763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barrow, W.C. 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Oligonucleotide probes (70-bp) designed to represent the diversity of ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) genes from Chesapeake Bay clone libraries and cultivated AOB were used to construct a glass slide microarray. Hybridization patterns among the probes in 14 samples along the transect showed clear variations in amoA community composition. Probes representing uncultivated members of the Nitrosospira-like AOB dominated the probe signal, especially in the more marine samples. Of the cultivated species, only Nitrosospira briensis was detected at appreciable levels. Discrimination analysis of hybridization signals detected two guilds. Guild 1 was dominated by the marine Nitrosospira-like probe signal, and Guild 2???s largest contribution was from upper bay (freshwater) sediment probes. Principal components analysis showed that Guild 1 was positively correlated with salinity, temperature and chlorophyll a concentration, while Guild 2 was positively correlated with concentrations of oxygen, dissolved organic carbon, and particulate nitrogen and carbon, suggesting that different amoA sequences represent organisms that occupy different ecological niches within the estuarine/marine environment. The trend from most diversity of AOB in the upper estuary towards dominance of a single type in the polyhaline region of the Bay is consistent with the declining importance of AOB with increasing salinity, and with the idea that AO-Archaea are the more important ammonia oxidizers in the ocean.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Microbiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01371.x","issn":"14622912","usgsCitation":"Ward, B., Eveillard, D., Kirshtein, J.D., Nelson, J., Voytek, M.A., and Jackson, G.A., 2007, Ammonia-oxidizing bacterial community composition in estuarine and oceanic environments assessed using a functional gene microarray: Environmental Microbiology, v. 9, no. 10, p. 2522-2538, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01371.x.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2522","endPage":"2538","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":239923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":212435,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01371.x"}],"country":"United States","volume":"9","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9bee4b0c8380cd48416","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, B.B.","contributorId":7023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eveillard, D.","contributorId":78549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eveillard","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirshtein, Julie D.","contributorId":26033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirshtein","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, J.D.","contributorId":58101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Voytek, Mary A.","contributorId":91943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jackson, G. A.","contributorId":73138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":431397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70031777,"text":"70031777 - 2007 - Evasion of added isotopic mercury from a northern temperate lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-16T11:11:46","indexId":"70031777","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evasion of added isotopic mercury from a northern temperate lake","docAbstract":"Isotopically enriched Hg (90% 202Hg) was added to a small lake in Ontario, Canada, at a rate equivalent to approximately threefold the annual direct atmospheric deposition rate that is typical of the northeastern United States. The Hg spike was thoroughly mixed into the epilimnion in nine separate events at two-week intervals throughout the summer growing season for three consecutive years. We measured concentrations of spike and ambient dissolved gaseous Hg (DGM) concentrations in surface water and the rate of volatilization of Hg from the lake on four separate, week-long sampling periods using floating dynamic flux chambers. The relationship between empirically measured rates of spike-Hg evasion were evaluated as functions of DGM concentration, wind velocity, and solar illumination. No individual environmental variable proved to be a strong predictor of the evasion flux. The DGM-normalized flux (expressed as the mass transfer coefficient, k) varied with wind velocity in a manner consistent with existing models of evasion of volatile solutes from natural waters but was higher than model estimates at low wind velocity. The empirical data were used to construct a description of evasion flux as a function of total dissolved Hg, wind, and solar illumination. That model was then applied to data for three summers for the experiment to generate estimates of Hg re-emission from the lake surface to the atmosphere. Based on ratios of spike Hg to ambient Hg in DGM and dissolved total Hg pools, ratios of DGM to total Hg in spike and ambient Hg pools, and flux estimates of spike and ambient Hg, we concluded that the added Hg spike was chemically indistinguishable from the ambient Hg in its behavior. Approximately 45% of Hg added to the lake over the summer was lost via volatilization.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/06-148R.1","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Southworth, G., Lindberg, S., Hintelmann, H., Amyot, M., Poulain, A., Bogle, M., Peterson, M., Rudd, J., Harris, R., Sandilands, K., Krabbenhoft, D., and Olsen, M.L., 2007, Evasion of added isotopic mercury from a northern temperate lake: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 26, no. 1, p. 53-60, https://doi.org/10.1897/06-148R.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"60","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":212311,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/06-148R.1"},{"id":239777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","city":"Ontario","volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d21e4b0c8380cd52e25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Southworth, G.","contributorId":51095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southworth","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindberg, S.","contributorId":71341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindberg","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hintelmann, H.","contributorId":64423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hintelmann","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amyot, M.","contributorId":85404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amyot","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Poulain, A.","contributorId":86171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulain","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bogle, M.","contributorId":71384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bogle","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Peterson, M.","contributorId":71514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rudd, J.","contributorId":92054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudd","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Harris, R. 0000-0002-9247-0768","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-0768","contributorId":13382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sandilands, K.","contributorId":101456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandilands","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":118001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David P.","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":433079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Olsen, Mark L.","contributorId":63852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":433074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70029926,"text":"70029926 - 2007 - Formation of tellurium nanocrystals during anaerobic growth of bacteria that use Te oxyanions as respiratory electron acceptors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-25T12:21:45.373227","indexId":"70029926","displayToPublicDate":"2007-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Formation of tellurium nanocrystals during anaerobic growth of bacteria that use Te oxyanions as respiratory electron acceptors","docAbstract":"