This preliminary study for the First Quarterly Report has spectrally mapped hydrothermally altered minerals useful in assisting in assessment of water quality of the Red River. Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data was analyzed to characterize mined and unmined ground at Questa, New Mexico. AVIRIS data covers the Red River drainage north of the river, from between the town of Questa on the west, to east of the town of Red River. The data was calibrated and analyzed using U.S. Geological Survey custom software and spectral mineral library. AVIRIS data was tested for spectral features that matched similar features in the spectral mineral library. Goodness-of-fit and band-depth were calculated for each comparison of spectral features and used to identify surface mineralogy. Mineral distribution, mineral associations, and AVIRIS pixel spectra were examined. Mineral maps show the distribution of iron hydroxides, iron sulfates, clays, micas, carbonates, and other minerals. Initial results show a system of alteration suites that overprint each other. Quartz-sericite-pyrite (QSP) alteration grading out to propylitic alteration (epidote and calcite) was identified at the Questa Mine (molybdenum porphyry) and a similar alteration pattern was mapped at the landslide (\"scar\") areas. Supergene weathering overprints the altered rock, as shown by jarosite, kaolinite, and gypsum. In the spectral analysis, hydrothermally altered ground appears to be more extensive at the unmined Goat Hill Gulch and the mined ground, than the ?scars? to the east. Though the \"scars\" have similar overall altered mineral suites, there are differences between the \"scars\" in sericite, kaolinite, jarosite, gypsum, and calcite abundance. Fieldwork has verified the results at the central unmined \"scar\" areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0226","usgsCitation":"Livo, K., and Clark, R.N., 2002, Mapped minerals at Questa, New Mexico, using airborne visible-infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS) data – Preliminary report for: First quarterly report of the U.S. Geological Survey investigation of baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality in the Red River Valley Basin, New Mexico, November 13, 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-26, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0226.","productDescription":"13 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":389555,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46632.htm"},{"id":160743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0026/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":2716,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-0026/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":59796,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0026/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Red River Valley Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.5700,\n 36.6442\n ],\n [\n -105.2667,\n 36.6442\n ],\n [\n -105.2667,\n 36.725\n ],\n [\n -105.5700,\n 36.725\n ],\n [\n -105.5700,\n 36.6442\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0ce4b07f02db69e44c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Livo, K. Eric 0000-0001-7331-8130","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":26338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"K. Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159760,"text":"70159760 - 2002 - Mitochondrial phylogeography of moose (Alces alces): Late Pleistocene divergence and population expansion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-28T09:49:58","indexId":"70159760","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2779,"text":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mitochondrial phylogeography of moose (Alces alces): Late Pleistocene divergence and population expansion","docAbstract":"We examined phylogeographic relationships of moose (Alces alces) worldwide to test the proposed existence of two geographic races and to infer the timing and extent of demographic processes underpinning the expansion of this species across the Northern Hemisphere in the late Pleistocene. Sequence variation within the left hypervariable domain of the control region occurred at low or moderate levels worldwide and was structured geographically. Partitioning of genetic variance among regions indicated that isolation by distance was the primary agent for differentiation of moose populations but does not support the existence of distinct eastern and western races. Levels of genetic variation and structure of phylogenetic trees identify Asia as the origin of all extant mitochondrial lineages. A recent coalescence is indicated, with the most recent common ancestor dating to the last ice age. Moose have undergone two episodes of population expansion, likely corresponding to the final interstade of the most recent ice age and the onset of the current interglacial. Timing of expansion for the population in the Yakutia–Manchuria region of eastern Asia indicates that it is one of the oldest populations of moose and may represent the source of founders of extant populations in North America, which were colonized within the last 15,000 years. Our data suggest an extended period of low population size or a severe bottleneck prior to the divergence and expansion of extant lineages and a recent, less-severe bottleneck among European lineages. Climate change during the last ice age, acting through contraction and expansion of moose habitat and the flooding of the Bering land bridge, undoubtedly was a key factor influencing the divergence and expansion of moose populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elselvier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1006/mpev.2001.1058","usgsCitation":"Hundertmark, K.J., Shields, G.F., Udina, I.G., Bowyer, R., Danilkin, A.A., and Schwartz, C.C., 2002, Mitochondrial phylogeography of moose (Alces alces): Late Pleistocene divergence and population expansion: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, v. 22, no. 3, p. 375-387, https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.2001.1058.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"387","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311643,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, China, Finland, Russia, Sweden, United States","state":"Alaska, Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-63.6645,46.55001],[-62.01208,46.44314],[-62.87433,45.96818],[-64.39261,46.72747],[-64.01486,47.03601],[-63.6645,46.55001]]],[[[-123.51,48.51001],[-125.65501,48.825],[-128.05934,49.99496],[-128.35841,50.77065],[-125.75501,50.29502],[-123.51,48.51001]]],[[[-56.13404,50.68701],[-56.79588,49.81231],[-56.14311,50.15012],[-55.47149,49.93582],[-55.8224,49.58713],[-53.47655,49.24914],[-53.78601,48.51678],[-53.08613,48.6878],[-52.6481,47.53555],[-53.06916,46.6555],[-54.17894,46.80707],[-54.24048,47.75228],[-55.40077,46.88499],[-55.99748,46.91972],[-55.29122,47.38956],[-56.2508,47.63255],[-59.26602,47.60335],[-58.79659,48.25153],[-59.23162,48.52319],[-57.35869,50.71827],[-55.40697,51.58827],[-56.13404,50.68701]]],[[[-133.18,54.16998],[-131.74999,54.12],[-132.04948,52.98462],[-131.17904,52.18043],[-133.05461,53.41147],[-133.18,54.16998]]],[[[-79.26582,62.15868],[-79.65752,61.63308],[-80.36215,62.01649],[-79.26582,62.15868]]],[[[-81.89825,62.7108],[-83.06857,62.15922],[-83.99367,62.4528],[-83.25048,62.91409],[-81.89825,62.7108]]],[[[-85.16131,65.65728],[-84.97576,65.21752],[-80.10345,63.72598],[-80.99102,63.41125],[-83.1088,64.10188],[-85.5234,63.05238],[-85.86677,63.63725],[-87.22198,63.54124],[-86.35276,64.03583],[-85.88385,65.73878],[-85.16131,65.65728]]],[[[-75.86588,67.14886],[-76.98687,67.09873],[-77.2364,67.58809],[-76.81166,68.14856],[-75.1145,68.01036],[-75.86588,67.14886]]],[[[-95.64768,69.10769],[-96.26952,68.75704],[-99.7974,69.40003],[-98.21826,70.14354],[-95.64768,69.10769]]],[[[-90.5471,69.49766],[-90.55151,68.47499],[-89.21515,69.25873],[-88.01966,68.61508],[-88.31749,67.87338],[-87.35017,67.19872],[-85.57664,68.78456],[-85.52197,69.88211],[-82.62258,69.65826],[-81.28043,69.16202],[-81.96436,68.13253],[-81.25928,67.59716],[-81.38653,67.11078],[-83.34456,66.41154],[-85.76943,66.55833],[-87.32324,64.77563],[-91.93342,62.83508],[-94.24153,60.89865],[-94.6846,58.94882],[-93.21502,58.78212],[-92.29703,57.08709],[-90.89769,57.28468],[-85.01181,55.3026],[-82.27285,55.14832],[-82.12502,53.27703],[-79.91289,51.20842],[-78.60191,52.56208],[-79.12421,54.14145],[-79.82958,54.66772],[-78.22874,55.13645],[-76.54137,56.53423],[-77.30226,58.05209],[-78.51688,58.80458],[-77.33676,59.85261],[-78.10687,62.31964],[-77.41067,62.55053],[-73.83988,62.4438],[-71.37369,61.13717],[-69.59042,61.06141],[-69.2879,58.95736],[-67.64976,58.21206],[-66.20178,58.76731],[-64.58352,60.33558],[-61.39655,56.96745],[-61.79866,56.33945],[-57.3332,54.6265],[-56.93689,53.78032],[-55.75632,53.27036],[-55.68338,52.14664],[-60.03309,50.24277],[-66.39905,50.22897],[-71.10458,46.82171],[-68.65,48.3],[-65.05626,49.23278],[-64.17099,48.74248],[-65.11545,48.07085],[-64.47219,46.23849],[-61.52072,45.88377],[-60.51815,47.00793],[-59.80287,45.9204],[-65.36406,43.54523],[-66.1234,43.61867],[-66.16173,44.46512],[-64.42549,45.29204],[-67.13741,45.13753],[-66.96466,44.8097],[-70.64548,43.09024],[-70.825,42.335],[-69.96503,41.63717],[-73.71,40.9311],[-71.945,40.93],[-74.25671,40.47351],[-74.17838,39.70926],[-74.90604,38.93954],[-75.52805,39.4985],[-75.05673,38.40412],[-75.94023,37.21689],[-75.72205,37.93705],[-76.35,39.15],[-76.32933,38.08326],[-76.99,38.23999],[-76.30162,37.91794],[-75.72749,35.55074],[-81.33629,31.44049],[-81.31371,30.03552],[-80.05654,26.88],[-80.68,25.08],[-82.70515,27.49504],[-82.93,29.1],[-84.1,30.09],[-85.10882,29.63615],[-86.4,30.4],[-89.18049,30.31598],[-89.59383,30.15999],[-89.40823,29.15961],[-93.22637,29.78375],[-94.69,29.48],[-97.14,27.83],[-97.14,25.87],[-97.53,25.84],[-99.02,26.37],[-100.9576,29.38071],[-102.48,29.76],[-103.11,28.97],[-103.94,29.27],[-106.50759,31.75452],[-111.02361,31.33472],[-114.815,32.52528],[-117.12776,32.53534],[-118.51989,34.02778],[-120.36778,34.44711],[-124.39807,40.3132],[-124.53284,42.76599],[-123.89893,45.52341],[-124.68721,48.18443],[-123.12,48.04],[-122.58736,47.096],[-122.84,49],[-127.43561,50.83061],[-127.85032,52.32961],[-129.12979,52.75538],[-129.30523,53.56159],[-131.96721,55.49778],[-134.07806,58.12307],[-136.62806,58.21221],[-139.86779,59.53776],[-147.11437,60.88466],[-148.22431,60.67299],[-148.01807,59.97833],[-151.71639,59.15582],[-151.40972,60.7258],[-150.34694,61.03359],[-150.62111,61.28442],[-154.01917,59.35028],[-153.28751,58.86473],[-154.23249,58.14637],[-158.43332,55.99415],[-164.78557,54.40417],[-157.72277,57.57],[-157.04167,58.91888],[-159.05861,58.42419],[-160.35527,59.07112],[-161.96889,58.67166],[-161.87417,59.63362],[-163.81834,59.79806],[-166.12138,61.50002],[-164.56251,63.14638],[-160.77251,63.76611],[-161.51807,64.40279],[-160.77778,64.7886],[-164.96083,64.44695],[-168.11056,65.67],[-164.47471,66.57666],[-163.65251,66.57666],[-163.7886,66.07721],[-161.67777,66.11612],[-166.76444,68.35888],[-166.20471,68.88303],[-163.16861,69.37111],[-161.9089,70.33333],[-156.58082,71.35776],[-154.34417,70.69641],[-143.58945,70.15251],[-136.50358,68.89804],[-129.79471,70.19369],[-129.10773,69.77927],[-128.13817,70.48384],[-125.75632,69.48058],[-124.42483,70.1584],[-124.28968,69.39969],[-121.47226,69.79778],[-113.89794,68.3989],[-115.30489,67.90261],[-109.94619,67.98104],[-108.8802,67.38144],[-107.79239,67.88736],[-108.81299,68.31164],[-108.16721,68.65392],[-106.15,68.8],[-101.45433,67.64689],[-98.4432,67.78165],[-98.5586,68.40394],[-97.66948,68.57864],[-96.11991,68.23939],[-96.12588,67.29338],[-95.48943,68.0907],[-94.685,68.06383],[-94.23282,69.06903],[-96.47131,70.08976],[-96.39115,71.19482],[-95.2088,71.92053],[-92.87818,71.31869],[-91.51964,70.19129],[-92.40692,69.69997],[-90.5471,69.49766]]],[[[-114.16717,73.12145],[-114.66634,72.65277],[-112.44102,72.9554],[-111.05039,72.4504],[-109.92035,72.96113],[-108.18835,71.65089],[-107.68599,72.06548],[-108.39639,73.08953],[-106.52259,73.07601],[-105.40246,72.67259],[-104.46476,70.99297],[-100.98078,70.02432],[-101.08929,69.58447],[-102.73116,69.50402],[-102.09329,69.11962],[-102.43024,68.75282],[-105.96,69.18],[-113.3132,68.53554],[-117.34,69.96],[-112.4161,70.36638],[-117.9048,70.54056],[-118.43238,70.9092],[-116.11311,71.30918],[-119.40199,71.55859],[-117.86642,72.70594],[-114.16717,73.12145]]],[[[-104.5,73.42],[-105.38,72.76],[-106.94,73.46],[-104.5,73.42]]],[[[-76.34,73.10268],[-79.48625,72.7422],[-80.8761,73.33318],[-80.35306,73.75972],[-78.06444,73.65193],[-76.34,73.10268]]],[[[-86.56218,73.15745],[-85.77437,72.53413],[-84.85011,73.34028],[-82.31559,73.75095],[-80.60009,72.71654],[-80.74894,72.06191],[-77.82462,72.74962],[-74.22862,71.76714],[-74.09914,71.33084],[-72.24223,71.55692],[-68.78605,70.52502],[-66.96903,69.18609],[-68.80512,68.7202],[-61.85198,66.86212],[-63.91844,64.99867],[-66.72122,66.38804],[-68.01502,66.26273],[-68.14129,65.68979],[-65.32017,64.38274],[-64.66941,63.39293],[-65.0138,62.67419],[-68.78319,63.74567],[-66.16557,61.9309],[-71.02344,62.91071],[-74.83442,64.67908],[-77.70998,64.22954],[-78.55595,64.57291],[-77.89728,65.30919],[-73.9598,65.45476],[-74.29388,65.81177],[-72.65117,67.28458],[-72.92606,67.72693],[-76.8691,68.89474],[-76.22865,69.14777],[-78.95724,70.16688],[-81.30547,69.74319],[-84.94471,69.96663],[-88.68171,70.41074],[-89.51342,70.76204],[-88.46772,71.21819],[-89.88815,71.22255],[-90.20516,72.23507],[-89.43658,73.12946],[-85.82615,73.80382],[-86.56218,73.15745]]],[[[-100.35642,73.84389],[-97.38,73.76],[-97.12,73.47],[-98.05359,72.99052],[-96.54,72.56],[-96.72,71.66],[-99.32286,71.35639],[-102.5,72.51],[-100.43836,72.70588],[-101.54,73.36],[-100.35642,73.84389]]],[[[-93.1963,72.77199],[-94.26905,72.0246],[-95.40986,72.06188],[-96.01827,73.43743],[-94.50366,74.13491],[-90.50979,73.85673],[-93.1963,72.77199]]],[[[-120.46,71.3836],[-123.09219,70.90164],[-125.92895,71.86869],[-123.94,73.68],[-124.91775,74.29275],[-117.55564,74.18577],[-115.51081,73.47519],[-119.22,72.52],[-120.46,71.3836]]],[[[-93.61276,74.98],[-94.15691,74.59235],[-96.82093,74.92762],[-94.85082,75.64722],[-93.61276,74.98]]],[[[-98.5,76.72],[-97.73558,76.25656],[-98.16,75],[-102.50209,75.5638],[-102.56552,76.3366],[-98.5,76.72]]],[[[-108.21141,76.20168],[-105.881,75.9694],[-105.70498,75.47951],[-106.31347,75.00527],[-112.22307,74.41696],[-113.87135,74.72029],[-111.79421,75.1625],[-117.7104,75.2222],[-115.40487,76.47887],[-109.0671,75.47321],[-110.49726,76.42982],[-109.5811,76.79417],[-108.21141,76.20168]]],[[[-94.68409,77.09788],[-91.60502,76.77852],[-90.74185,76.4496],[-90.96966,76.07401],[-89.18708,75.61017],[-81.12853,75.71398],[-79.83393,74.92313],[-81.94884,74.44246],[-89.76472,74.51556],[-92.42244,74.83776],[-92.88991,75.88266],[-93.89382,76.31924],[-97.12138,76.75108],[-96.74512,77.16139],[-94.68409,77.09788]]],[[[-116.19859,77.64529],[-116.33581,76.87696],[-117.10605,76.53003],[-122.85492,76.11654],[-119.10394,77.51222],[-116.19859,77.64529]]],[[[-110.18694,77.69701],[-113.53428,77.73221],[-109.85445,77.99632],[-110.18694,77.69701]]],[[[-109.66315,78.60197],[-112.54209,78.4079],[-111.50001,78.84999],[-109.66315,78.60197]]],[[[-95.83029,78.05694],[-98.12429,78.08286],[-98.63198,78.87193],[-95.55928,78.41831],[-95.83029,78.05694]]],[[[-100.06019,78.32475],[-99.67094,77.90754],[-105.17613,78.38033],[-104.21043,78.67742],[-105.49229,79.30159],[-100.06019,78.32475]]],[[[-87.02,79.66],[-85.81435,79.3369],[-90.80436,78.21533],[-92.87669,78.34333],[-93.95116,78.75099],[-93.14524,79.3801],[-94.974,79.37248],[-96.70972,80.15777],[-94.29843,80.97727],[-94.73542,81.20646],[-92.40984,81.25739],[-87.81,80.32],[-87.02,79.66]]],[[[-68.5,83.10632],[-61.85,82.6286],[-67.65755,81.50141],[-65.48031,81.50657],[-71.18,79.8],[-76.90773,79.32309],[-75.52924,79.19766],[-76.22046,79.01907],[-75.39345,78.52581],[-79.75951,77.20968],[-77.88911,76.77796],[-80.56125,76.17812],[-89.49068,76.47239],[-89.6161,76.95213],[-87.76739,77.17833],[-88.26,77.9],[-84.97634,77.53873],[-87.96192,78.37181],[-85.09495,79.34543],[-86.93179,80.25145],[-81.84823,80.46442],[-87.59895,80.51627],[-91.58702,81.89429],[-85.5,82.65227],[-83.18,82.32],[-82.42,82.86],[-79.30664,83.13056],[-68.5,83.10632]]],[[[28.07,60.50352],[22.86969,59.84637],[21.32224,60.72017],[21.54487,61.70533],[21.05921,62.60739],[21.53603,63.18974],[25.39807,65.11143],[23.90338,66.00693],[22.18317,65.72374],[21.21352,65.02601],[21.36963,64.41359],[17.84778,62.7494],[17.11955,61.34117],[18.78772,60.08191],[17.86922,58.95377],[16.82919,58.71983],[15.87979,56.1043],[14.66668,56.20089],[14.10072,55.40778],[12.94291,55.36174],[11.02737,58.85615],[12.30037,60.11793],[12.63115,61.29357],[11.99206,61.80036],[11.93057,63.12832],[12.57994,64.06622],[13.57192,64.04911],[13.91991,64.44542],[13.55569,64.78703],[16.76888,68.01394],[17.72918,68.01055],[17.99387,68.56739],[19.87856,68.40719],[20.02527,69.06514],[21.24494,69.37044],[24.73568,68.64956],[26.17962,69.8253],[27.73229,70.16419],[29.01557,69.76649],[28.59193,69.06478],[32.13272,69.90595],[36.51396,69.06342],[41.05987,67.45713],[41.12595,66.79158],[38.38295,65.99953],[33.18444,66.63253],[34.81477,65.90015],[34.94391,64.41437],[37.01273,63.84983],[36.53958,64.76446],[37.17604,65.14322],[39.59345,64.52079],[40.4356,64.76446],[39.7626,65.49682],[42.09309,66.47623],[43.94975,66.06908],[44.53226,66.75634],[43.69839,67.35245],[44.18795,67.95051],[43.45282,68.57079],[46.25,68.25],[46.82134,67.68997],[45.55517,67.56652],[45.56202,67.01005],[46.34915,66.66767],[53.71743,68.85738],[54.47171,68.80815],[53.48582,68.20131],[58.802,68.88082],[59.94142,68.27844],[61.07784,68.94069],[60.03,69.52],[60.55,69.85],[68.51216,68.09233],[69.18068,68.61563],[66.93008,69.45461],[67.25976,69.92873],[66.69466,71.02897],[69.94,73.04],[72.58754,72.77629],[72.79603,72.22006],[71.84811,71.40898],[72.79188,70.39114],[72.5647,69.02085],[73.66787,68.4079],[71.28,66.32],[72.42301,66.17267],[75.052,67.76047],[74.46926,68.32899],[74.93584,68.98918],[73.84236,69.07146],[73.60187,69.62763],[74.3998,70.63175],[73.1011,71.44717],[74.89082,72.12119],[74.65926,72.83227],[75.68351,72.30056],[75.28898,71.33556],[76.35911,71.15287],[75.90313,71.87401],[77.57665,72.26717],[81.5,71.75],[80.61071,72.58285],[80.51109,73.6482],[86.8223,73.93688],[86.00956,74.45967],[87.16682,75.11643],[93.23421,76.0472],[100.75967,76.43028],[101.99084,77.28754],[104.3516,77.69792],[106.06664,77.37389],[104.705,77.1274],[106.97013,76.97419],[107.24,76.48],[111.07726,76.71],[114.13417,75.84764],[113.88539,75.32779],[109.4,74.18],[113.01954,73.97693],[113.52958,73.33505],[115.56782,73.75285],[123.20066,72.97122],[123.25777,73.73503],[126.97644,73.56549],[128.59126,73.03871],[129.05157,72.39872],[128.46,71.98],[131.28858,70.78699],[132.2535,71.8363],[133.85766,71.38642],[139.86983,71.48783],[139.14791,72.41619],[140.46817,72.84941],[149.5,72.2],[152.9689,70.84222],[158.99779,70.86672],[159.83031,70.45324],[159.70866,69.72198],[160.94053,69.43728],[167.83567,69.58269],[169.57763,68.6938],[170.81688,69.01363],[170.0082,69.65276],[170.45345,70.09703],[175.72403,69.87725],[180,68.96364],[180,64.97971],[177.41128,64.60821],[179.37034,62.98262],[179.22825,62.3041],[177.3643,62.5219],[173.68013,61.65261],[170.33085,59.88177],[168.90046,60.57355],[166.29498,59.78855],[165.84,60.16],[163.53929,59.86871],[162.01733,58.24328],[163.19191,57.61503],[163.05794,56.15924],[162.12958,56.12219],[161.70146,55.28568],[162.11749,54.85514],[160.36877,54.34433],[160.02173,53.20257],[158.53094,52.95868],[158.23118,51.94269],[156.78979,51.01105],[155.43366,55.38103],[155.91442,56.76792],[156.81035,57.83204],[158.36433,58.05575],[163.66969,61.1409],[164.47355,62.55061],[163.25842,62.46627],[162.65791,61.6425],[160.12148,60.54423],[159.30232,61.77396],[156.72068,61.43442],[154.21806,59.75818],[155.04375,59.14495],[151.26573,58.78089],[151.33815,59.50396],[149.78371,59.65573],[148.54481,59.16448],[142.19782,59.03998],[135.12619,54.72959],[136.70171,54.60355],[138.1647,53.75501],[139.90151,54.18968],[141.34531,53.08957],[140.06193,48.44671],[134.86939,43.39821],[133.53687,42.81147],[132.27807,43.28456],[130.78,42.22],[129.99427,42.98539],[128.05222,41.99428],[128.20843,41.46677],[126.86908,41.81657],[124.26562,39.92849],[121.05455,38.89747],[122.1686,40.42244],[121.64036,40.94639],[117.5327,38.73764],[119.7028,37.15639],[120.82346,37.87043],[122.35794,37.45448],[122.51999,36.93061],[121.10416,36.65133],[119.15121,34.90986],[120.22752,34.36033],[121.90815,31.69217],[121.89192,30.94935],[121.26426,30.67627],[122.09211,29.83252],[121.68444,28.22551],[121.12566,28.13567],[118.65687,24.54739],[115.89074,22.78287],[110.78547,21.39714],[110.44404,20.34103],[109.88986,20.28246],[109.86449,21.39505],[107.04342,21.8119],[106.7254,22.79427],[105.32921,23.35206],[101.65202,22.3182],[101.80312,21.17437],[101.27003,21.20165],[101.15003,21.84998],[100.41654,21.55884],[99.2409,22.11831],[99.53199,22.94904],[98.89875,23.14272],[98.66026,24.06329],[97.60472,23.8974],[97.72461,25.08364],[98.67184,25.9187],[98.68269,27.50881],[97.91199,28.33595],[96.24883,28.41103],[96.58659,28.83098],[96.11768,29.4528],[94.56599,29.27744],[92.50312,27.89688],[90.01583,28.29644],[88.81425,27.29932],[88.73033,28.08686],[85.82332,28.20358],[78.73889,31.51591],[78.45845,32.61816],[79.17613,32.48378],[79.20889,32.99439],[78.91227,34.32194],[77.83745,35.49401],[76.19285,35.8984],[74.98,37.41999],[74.86482,38.37885],[73.92885,38.50582],[73.82224,39.89397],[76.52637,40.42795],[76.90448,41.06649],[80.11943,42.12394],[80.18015,42.92007],[80.86621,43.18036],[79.96611,44.91752],[82.45893,45.53965],[83.18048,47.33003],[85.16429,47.00096],[85.76823,48.45575],[87.35997,49.21498],[86.82936,49.82667],[85.54127,49.69286],[83.383,51.06918],[81.94599,50.8122],[80.56845,51.38834],[80.03556,50.86475],[76.52518,54.177],[76.8911,54.49052],[73.42568,53.48981],[73.50852,54.03562],[71.18013,54.13329],[70.86527,55.16973],[69.06817,55.38525],[61.4366,54.00625],[60.97807,53.66499],[61.69999,52.98],[59.96753,51.96042],[61.588,51.27266],[61.33742,50.79907],[59.64228,50.54544],[56.77798,51.04355],[55.71694,50.62171],[52.32872,51.71865],[50.76665,51.69276],[48.70238,50.60513],[48.57784,49.87476],[47.54948,50.4547],[46.7516,49.35601],[46.46645,48.39415],[48.05725,47.74377],[49.10116,46.39933],[46.68201,44.6092],[48.58437,41.80888],[47.37332,41.21973],[45.47028,42.50278],[39.95501,43.435],[36.67546,45.24469],[38.23295,46.24087],[37.67372,46.63657],[39.14767,47.04475],[38.22354,47.10219],[38.25511,47.5464],[39.73828,47.89894],[40.06904,49.60105],[35.35612,50.5772],[35.02218,51.20757],[34.22482,51.25599],[34.39173,51.76888],[33.7527,52.33507],[31.78597,52.10168],[31.3052,53.074],[32.69364,53.35142],[30.75753,54.81177],[30.87391,55.55098],[28.17671,56.16913],[27.28818,57.47453],[27.71669,57.7919],[27.42015,58.72457],[29.1177,60.02805],[28.07,60.50352]],[[116.6788,49.88853],[114.36246,50.2483],[110.66201,49.13013],[108.47517,49.28255],[106.8888,50.2743],[103.67655,50.08997],[102.25589,50.51056],[102.06521,51.25991],[98.86149,52.04737],[97.82574,51.011],[98.23176,50.4224],[97.25976,49.72605],[92.23471,50.80217],[87.75126,49.2972],[88.01383,48.59946],[90.28083,47.69355],[90.97081,46.88815],[90.58577,45.71972],[90.94554,45.28607],[95.30688,44.24133],[96.3494,42.72564],[100.84587,42.6638],[104.96499,41.59741],[110.4121,42.87123],[111.82959,43.74312],[111.34838,44.45744],[111.87331,45.10208],[113.46391,44.80889],[117.4217,46.67273],[119.66327,46.69268],[118.06414,48.06673],[115.74284,47.72654],[115.48528,48.13538],[116.6788,49.88853]]],[[[143.64801,50.7476],[144.65415,48.97639],[143.17393,49.30655],[142.55867,47.86158],[143.53349,46.83673],[143.50528,46.13791],[142.7477,46.74076],[142.09203,45.96676],[142.17998,50.95234],[141.59408,51.93543],[141.68255,53.30197],[142.60693,53.76215],[142.20975,54.22548],[142.65479,54.36588],[143.64801,50.7476]]],[[[22.7311,54.32754],[19.66064,54.42608],[21.26845,55.19048],[22.75776,54.85657],[22.7311,54.32754]]],[[[-175.01425,66.58435],[-174.33983,66.33556],[-174.57182,67.06219],[-171.85731,66.91308],[-169.89958,65.97724],[-172.53025,65.43791],[-172.95533,64.25269],[-176.20716,65.35667],[-178.35993,65.39052],[-178.90332,65.74044],[-178.68611,66.11211],[-179.88377,65.87456],[-179.43268,65.40411],[-180,64.97971],[-180,68.96364],[-174.92825,67.20589],[-175.01425,66.58435]]],[[[180,70.8322],[178.7253,71.0988],[180,71.51571],[180,70.8322]]],[[[-178.69378,70.89302],[-180,70.8322],[-180,71.51571],[-177.57794,71.26948],[-178.69378,70.89302]]],[[[143.60385,73.21244],[139.86312,73.36983],[142.06207,73.85758],[143.60385,73.21244]]],[[[150.73167,75.08406],[149.57593,74.68892],[146.11919,75.17298],[150.73167,75.08406]]],[[[145.08629,75.56262],[144.3,74.82],[138.95544,74.61148],[136.97439,75.26167],[137.51176,75.94917],[138.83107,76.13676],[145.08629,75.56262]]],[[[57.53569,70.72046],[53.67738,70.76266],[51.60189,71.47476],[51.45575,72.01488],[54.42761,73.62755],[53.50829,73.74981],[55.90246,74.62749],[55.63193,75.08141],[61.17004,76.25188],[68.15706,76.9397],[68.85221,76.54481],[58.47708,74.30906],[55.41934,72.37127],[55.62284,71.54059],[57.53569,70.72046]]],[[[105.07547,78.30689],[99.43814,77.921],[102.08635,79.34641],[105.37243,78.71334],[105.07547,78.30689]]],[[[51.13619,80.54728],[47.58612,80.01018],[46.50283,80.24725],[47.07246,80.55942],[44.84696,80.58981],[51.52293,80.69973],[51.13619,80.54728]]],[[[99.93976,78.88094],[94.97259,79.04475],[91.18107,80.34146],[95.94089,81.2504],[100.18666,79.78014],[99.93976,78.88094]]],[[[-66.28243,18.51476],[-65.591,18.22803],[-67.18416,17.94655],[-67.10068,18.5206],[-66.28243,18.51476]]],[[[-155.54211,19.08348],[-155.93665,19.05939],[-155.86108,20.26721],[-154.80741,19.50871],[-155.54211,19.08348]]],[[[-153.00631,57.11584],[-154.00509,56.73468],[-154.67099,57.4612],[-153.22873,57.96897],[-152.14115,57.59106],[-153.00631,57.11584]]],[[[-165.57916,59.90999],[-167.45528,60.21307],[-165.67443,60.29361],[-165.57916,59.90999]]],[[[-171.73166,63.78252],[-168.68944,63.29751],[-169.52944,62.97693],[-171.55306,63.31779],[-171.73166,63.78252]]],[[[110.33919,18.6784],[109.47521,18.1977],[108.65521,18.50768],[108.62622,19.36789],[110.78655,20.07753],[110.33919,18.6784]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Canada\"}}]}","volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"565446c4e4b071e7ea53d4d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hundertmark, Kris J.","contributorId":150026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hundertmark","given":"Kris","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shields, Gerald F.","contributorId":149916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shields","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Udina, Irina G.","contributorId":150027,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Udina","given":"Irina","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bowyer, R. Terry","contributorId":9533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowyer","given":"R. Terry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Danilkin, Alexei A.","contributorId":150028,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Danilkin","given":"Alexei","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schwartz, Charles C.","contributorId":124574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5119,"text":"Retired from U.S. Geological Survey, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, 2327 University Way, suite 2, Bozeman, MT 59715","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":50800,"text":"b2184D - 2002 - Is there a basin-centered gas accumulation in Cotton Valley group sandstones, Gulf Coast basin, U.S.A.?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-07T19:03:44.53205","indexId":"b2184D","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2184","chapter":"D","title":"Is there a basin-centered gas accumulation in Cotton Valley group sandstones, Gulf Coast basin, U.S.A.?","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, is reevaluating the resource potential of selected domestic basin-centered gas accumulations. Basin-centered gas accumulations are characterized by presence of gas in extensive low-permeability (tight) reservoirs in which conventional seals and trapping mechanisms are absent, abnormally high or low reservoir pressures exist, and gas-water contacts are absent. In 1995, the USGS assessed one basin-centered gas play and two conventional plays within the trend of Jurassic and Cretaceous Cotton Valley Group fluvial-deltaic and barrier island/strand plain sandstones across the onshore northern Gulf of Mexico Basin. Detailed evaluation of geologic and production data provides new insights into these Cotton Valley plays. Two Cotton Valley sandstone trends are identified based on reservoir properties and gas-production characteristics. Transgressive blanket sandstones across northern Louisiana have relatively high porosity and permeability and do not require fracture stimulation to produce gas at commercial rates. South of this trend, and extending westward into eastern Texas, massive sandstones of the Cotton Valley trend exhibit low porosity and permeability and require fracture stimulation. The high permeability of Cotton Valley blanket sandstones is not conducive to the presence of basin-centered gas, but low permeability massive sandstones provide the type of reservoir in which basin-centered gas accumulations commonly occur. Data on source rocks, including burial and thermal history, are consistent with the interpretation of potential basin centered gas within Cotton Valley sandstones. However, pressure gradients throughout most of the blanket- and massive sandstone trends are normal or nearly normal, which is not characteristic of basin-centered gas accumulations. The presence of gas-water contacts in at least seven fields across the blanket-sandstone trend together with relatively high permeabilities and high gas-production rates without fracture stimulation indicate that fields in this trend are conventional. Within the tight massive-sandstone trend, permeability is sufficiently low that gas-water transition zones are vertically extensive and gas-water contacts either have not been encountered or are poorly defined. With increasing depth through these transition zones, gas saturation decreases and water saturation increases until eventually gas saturations become sufficiently low that, in terms of ultimate cumulative production, wells are noncommercial. Such progressive increase in water saturation with depth suggests that poorly defined gas-water contacts probably are present below the depth at which wells become noncommercial. The interpreted presence of gas-water contacts within the tight, Cotton Valley massive-sandstone trend suggests that gas accumulations in this trend, too, are conventional, and that a basin-centered gas accumulation does not exist within Cotton Valley sandstones in the northern Gulf Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b2184D","usgsCitation":"Bartberger, C.E., Dyman, T.S., and Condon, S.M., 2002, Is there a basin-centered gas accumulation in Cotton Valley group sandstones, Gulf Coast basin, U.S.A.? (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2184, iv, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2184D.","productDescription":"iv, 38 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":406331,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46521.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":4594,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2184-d/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Coast basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -90.8992,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -90.8992,\n 33.6833\n ],\n [\n -97,\n 33.6833\n ],\n [\n -97,\n 30.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db666861","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartberger, Charles E.","contributorId":92741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartberger","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dyman, Thaddeus S.","contributorId":83971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyman","given":"Thaddeus","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Condon, Steven M.","contributorId":95464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Condon","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31510,"text":"ofr01466 - 2002 - Rocky Mountain snowpack chemistry network: History, methods, and the importance of monitoring mountain ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-21T20:45:35.745114","indexId":"ofr01466","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-466","title":"Rocky Mountain snowpack chemistry network: History, methods, and the importance of monitoring mountain ecosystems","docAbstract":"Because regional-scale atmospheric deposition data in the Rocky Mountains are sparse, a program was designed by the U.S. Geological Survey to more thoroughly determine the quality of precipitation and to identify sources of atmospherically deposited pollution in a network of high-elevation sites. Depth-integrated samples of seasonal snowpacks at 52 sampling sites, in a network from New Mexico to Montana, were collected and analyzed each year since 1993. The results of the first 5 years (1993–97) of the program are discussed in this report. Spatial patterns in regional data have emerged from the geographically distributed chemical concentrations of ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate that clearly indicate that concentrations of these acid precursors in less developed areas of the region are lower than concentrations in the heavily developed areas. Snowpacks in northern Colorado that lie adjacent to both the highly developed Denver metropolitan area to the east and coal-fired powerplants to the west had the highest overall concentrations of nitrate and sulfate in the network. Ammonium concentrations were highest in northwestern Wyoming and southern Montana.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01466","usgsCitation":"Ingersoll, G.P., Turk, J.T., Mast, M.A., Clow, D.W., Campbell, D.H., and Bailey, Z.C., 2002, Rocky Mountain snowpack chemistry network: History, methods, and the importance of monitoring mountain ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-466, iii, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01466.","productDescription":"iii, 14 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2691,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr01466/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":393247,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49732.htm"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.75,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -114.75,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -114.75,\n 35.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fe4a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingersoll, George P. gpingers@usgs.gov","contributorId":1469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"George","email":"gpingers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turk, John T.","contributorId":53363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turk","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Campbell, Donald H. dhcampbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Donald","email":"dhcampbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":206255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bailey, Zelda C.","contributorId":20794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Zelda","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":31443,"text":"ofr0210 - 2002 - Case study of the environmental signature of a recently abandoned, carbonate-hosted replacement deposit: The Clayton Mine, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-16T23:05:36.010109","indexId":"ofr0210","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-10","title":"Case study of the environmental signature of a recently abandoned, carbonate-hosted replacement deposit: The Clayton Mine, Idaho","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0210","usgsCitation":"Hammarstrom, J.M., Eppinger, R., Gosen, B., Briggs, P., and Meier, A.L., 2002, Case study of the environmental signature of a recently abandoned, carbonate-hosted replacement deposit: The Clayton Mine, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-10, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0210.","productDescription":"44 p.","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":393035,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46506.htm"},{"id":2590,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/openfile/of02-010/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Clayton Mine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.45831298828125,\n 44.24913396886894\n ],\n [\n -114.36904907226562,\n 44.24913396886894\n ],\n [\n -114.36904907226562,\n 44.30910939501072\n ],\n [\n -114.45831298828125,\n 44.30910939501072\n ],\n [\n -114.45831298828125,\n 44.24913396886894\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5efbbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hammarstrom, J. M.","contributorId":34513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eppinger, R. G.","contributorId":100837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eppinger","given":"R. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gosen, B.S.","contributorId":51800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gosen","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Briggs, Paul H.","contributorId":107691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Paul H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meier, A. L.","contributorId":81480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":61473,"text":"mf2382 - 2002 - Regional stratigraphic cross sections of Cretaceous rocks from east-central Arizona to the Oklahoma Panhandle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T09:36:47","indexId":"mf2382","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2382","title":"Regional stratigraphic cross sections of Cretaceous rocks from east-central Arizona to the Oklahoma Panhandle","docAbstract":"Sedimentary rocks of Cretaceous age along Transect DD'' in eastern Arizona, northern New Mexico, southern Colorado, and western Oklahoma consist mainly of sandstone, siltstone, shale, limestone, and bentonite. They accumulated as sediments in continental, nearshore marine, and offshore marine environments on the west side of a north-trending epicontinental sea. The rocks record intermittent deposition and erosion as well as regional and local subsidence and uplift possibly beginning in Aptian time (about 121-112 Ma) and occurring in Albian through Maastrichtian time (about 112-65.4 Ma). Most of the Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian through Aptian, 142-112 Ma) in this transect is represented by a basal unconformity. The Cretaceous rocks and unconformities along the transect are depicted on the attached lithostratigraphic cross sections (sheets 1 and 2); one extending from the Mogollon Rim in eastern Arizona to Pagosa Springs in southwestern Colorado and the other from Pagosa Springs, Colorado, to Kenton in western Oklahoma. The same rocks and unconformities are also represented on the attached chronostratigraphic profile (sheet 3), which was prepared mainly from surface and subsurface data shown on the lithostratigraphic cross sections.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2382","usgsCitation":"Molenaar, C.M., Cobban, W.A., Merewether, E., Pillmore, C.L., Wolfe, D., and Holbrook, J., 2002, Regional stratigraphic cross sections of Cretaceous rocks from east-central Arizona to the Oklahoma Panhandle: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2382, Three sheets. Sheet 1, 57 by 36 inches; sheet 2, 44 by 33 inches; sheet 3, 42 by 32 inches (all in color), https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2382.","productDescription":" Three sheets. Sheet 1, 57 by 36 inches; sheet 2, 44 by 33 inches; sheet 3, 42 by 32 inches (all in color)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6043,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2002/mf-2382/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110228,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_45091.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"45091"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110,34 ], [ -110,38 ], [ -103,38 ], [ -103,34 ], [ -110,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634e66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Molenaar, C. M.","contributorId":77904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Molenaar","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cobban, W. A.","contributorId":21577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cobban","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merewether, E.A.","contributorId":32517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merewether","given":"E.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pillmore, C. L.","contributorId":46093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pillmore","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wolfe, D.G.","contributorId":50222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Holbrook, J.M.","contributorId":71249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holbrook","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":61466,"text":"mf2352 - 2002 - Geologic map of the Tetilla Peak Quadrangle, Santa Fe and Sandoval counties, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-02T15:44:59","indexId":"mf2352","displayToPublicDate":"2002-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2352","title":"Geologic map of the Tetilla Peak Quadrangle, Santa Fe and Sandoval counties, New Mexico","docAbstract":"This digital geologic map summarizes all available geologic information for the Tetilla Peak quadrangle located immediately southwest of Santa Fe, New Mexico. The geologic map consists of new polygon (geologic map units) and line (contact, fault, fold axis, dike, flow contact, hachure) data, as well as point data (locations for structural measurements, geochemical and geochronologic data, geophysical soundings, and water wells). The map database has been generated at 1:24,000 scale, and provides significant new geologic information for an area of the southern Cerros del Rio volcanic field, which sits astride the boundary of the Espanola and Santo Domingo basins of the Rio Grande rift.\r\n The quadrangle includes the west part of the village of La Cienega along its eastern border and includes the southeasternmost part of the Cochiti Pueblo reservation along its northwest side. The central part of the quadrangle consists of Santa Fe National Forest and Bureau of Land Management lands, and parts of several Spanish-era land grants.\r\n Interstate 25 cuts through the southern half of the quadrangle between Santa Fe and Santo Domingo Pueblo. Canada de Santa Fe, a major river tributary to the Rio Grande, cuts through the quadrangle, but there is no dirt or paved road along the canyon bottom.\r\n A small abandoned uranium mine (the La Bajada mine) is found in the bottom of the Canada de Santa Fe about 3 km east of the La Bajada fault zone; it has been partially reclaimed.\r\n\r\n The surface geology of the Tetilla Peak quadrangle consists predominantly of a thin (1-2 m generally, locally as thick as 10? m) layer of windblown surficial deposits that has been reworked colluvially. Locally, landslide, fluvial, and pediment deposits are also important. These colluvial deposits mantle the principal bedrocks units, which are (from most to least common): (1) basalts, basanites, andesite, and trachyte of the Pliocene (2.7-2.2 Ma) Cerros del Rio volcanic field; (2) unconsolidated deposits of the Santa Fe Group, mainly along the western border, in the hanging wall of the La Bajada fault zone, but locally extending 2-3 km east under the Cerros del Rio volcanic field; (3) older Tertiary volcanic and sedimentary rocks (Abiquiu?, Espinaso, and Galisteo Formations); (4) intrusive rocks of the Cerrillos intrusive center that are roughly coeval with the Espinaso volcanic rocks; and (5) Mesozoic sedimentary rocks ranging in age from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation to the Upper Cretaceous Mancos Shale.","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/mf2352","usgsCitation":"Sawyer, D., Shroba, R., Minor, S., and Thompson, R.A., 2002, Geologic map of the Tetilla Peak Quadrangle, Santa Fe and Sandoval counties, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2352, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2352.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110236,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46651.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"46651"},{"id":6037,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2002/mf-2352/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.25,35.5 ], [ -106.25,35.6175 ], [ -106.11749999999999,35.6175 ], [ -106.11749999999999,35.5 ], [ -106.25,35.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a218","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sawyer, D.A.","contributorId":107666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shroba, R. R.","contributorId":44133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shroba","given":"R. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minor, S.A.","contributorId":65047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minor","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, R. A.","contributorId":100420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70207674,"text":"70207674 - 2002 - Correlation of late Cenozoic basaltic lava flows in the Carbondale and Eagle collapse centers in west-central Colorado based on geochemical, isotopic, age, and petrographic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-04T15:20:54.066867","indexId":"70207674","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-03T11:46:20","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlation of late Cenozoic basaltic lava flows in the Carbondale and Eagle collapse centers in west-central Colorado based on geochemical, isotopic, age, and petrographic data","docAbstract":"Major-, minor-, and trace-element abundance data on 220, late Cenozoic, basaltic rocks in and around the Carbondale and Eagle collapse centers in west-central Colorado are combined with isotopic, age, and petrographic data to correlate lava flows and establish the timing and minimum areal extent of collapse events associated with removal of Pennsylvanian evaporite. On the basis of these data, 46 distinct compositional groups of volcanic rocks were identified. The rocks within each group, which are represented by at least two samples, have compositions and ages that are indistinguishable from each other and are either (1) undifferentiated samples from the same eruption and possibly from outcrops of the same flow, (2) differentiated from the same magma batch erupted at different times or (3) related to each other by very small differences in the degree of partial melting. The areal extent of chemically correlated and dated volcanic flows in the region was established and these results were used to recognize and understand many of the collapse events as described in companion papers in this volume.
Compositional data are also used to infer the petrogenetic processes that generated the parental magmas. Subtle but significant differences among rocks that are broadly similar in geochemical and isotopic composition and were erupted over a small time interval (<0.5 m.y.) suggests that the mantle source region of these magmas is quite heterogeneous. Over the past 11 m.y., the lavas became less mafic and more enriched in incompatible trace elements. This heterogeneity is attributed to variable contributions of subducted material in the lithosphere during the melting processes. To account for its isotopic features, the source material must be at least mid-Proterozoic in age. A melt contribution from underlying asthenospheric mantle can not be ruled out but none of the volcanic rocks have clear characteristics of oceanic-island basalts or mid-oceanic-ridge basalts. The trace-element compositions of rocks that were sampled from multiple stacked flows are indistinguishable from one another.This suggests that lower and/or upper crustal assimilation had a minor effect on their overall chemistry. However, Pb isotopic data suggest that crustal contamination of at least some samples did occur.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2366-3.167","usgsCitation":"Budahn, J.R., Unruh, D.M., Kunk, M.J., Byers, F.M., Kirkham, R., and Streufert, R.K., 2002, Correlation of late Cenozoic basaltic lava flows in the Carbondale and Eagle collapse centers in west-central Colorado based on geochemical, isotopic, age, and petrographic data: GSA Special Papers, v. 366, p. 167-196, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2366-3.167.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"196","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370974,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Carbondale and Eagle collapse centers","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.55203247070312,\n 39.11301365149975\n ],\n [\n -106.72943115234375,\n 39.11301365149975\n ],\n [\n -106.72943115234375,\n 39.75365697136308\n ],\n [\n -107.55203247070312,\n 39.75365697136308\n ],\n [\n -107.55203247070312,\n 39.11301365149975\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"366","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Budahn, James R. 0000-0001-9794-8882 jbudahn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":1175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"James","email":"jbudahn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Unruh, D. M.","contributorId":117170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unruh","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Byers, Frank M. Jr.","contributorId":35397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byers","given":"Frank","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kirkham, R. M.","contributorId":16915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirkham","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Streufert, R. K.","contributorId":81516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Streufert","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70207673,"text":"70207673 - 2002 - Tertiary cooling and tectonic history of the White River uplift, Gore Range, and western Front Range, central Colorado: Evidence from fission-track and 39Ar/ 40Ar ages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-04T15:32:06.93254","indexId":"70207673","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-03T11:24:01","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Tertiary cooling and tectonic history of the White River uplift, Gore Range, and western Front Range, central Colorado: Evidence from fission-track and 39Ar/ 40Ar ages","title":"Tertiary cooling and tectonic history of the White River uplift, Gore Range, and western Front Range, central Colorado: Evidence from fission-track and 39Ar/ 40Ar ages","docAbstract":"Apatite fission-track (AFT) data from Proterozoic and Paleozoic rocks in the mountains of north central Colorado (White River Uplift, Gore Range, and western Front Range) record significant cooling that began with uplift and erosion related to the Laramide Orogeny and continued through the Tertiary to Pliocene time. The mountains immediately flanking the Blue River half graben (Williams Fork Mountains to the east and the Gore Range to the west) cooled significantly during the Neogene.
The AFT ages along the flanks of the Blue River half graben are significantly younger than AFT ages farther to the east in the central and eastern Front Range and to the west in the White River uplift. In both of these areas, the apatite ages suggest Laramide cooling. The Williams Fork Mountains–Gore Range zone of young AFT ages extends southward adjacent to the axis of the Rio Grande rift through southern Colorado and New Mexico. These young ages result from a combination of elevated heat flow, uplift, and erosion along the axis of the Rio Grande rift during Neogene time.
Zircons from Proterozoic rocks yield Proterozoic fission-track ages, indicating that this part of the Colorado basement has not been heated to temperatures 200 C since Middle Proterozoic time.
A sanidine 40Ar/39Ar age of 27 Ma from a rhyolite tuff just above a basal boulder conglomerate of the Troublesome Formation in a tilted fault block within the Blue River half graben shows that Tertiary deposition started there in middle Oligocene time. Xenocrystic sanidine from a basalt stratigraphically higher than the rhyolite tuff has an age of 24 Ma. Thus, the basalt is significantly younger than its postulated source, the 32 Ma laccolithic complex at Green Mountain.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2366-3.31","usgsCitation":"Naeser, C.W., Bryant, B., Kunk, M.J., Kellogg, K.S., Donelick, R., and Perry, W.J., 2002, Tertiary cooling and tectonic history of the White River uplift, Gore Range, and western Front Range, central Colorado: Evidence from fission-track and 39Ar/ 40Ar ages: GSA Special Papers, v. 366, p. 31-53, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2366-3.31.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"53","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370971,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Central Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.46826171874999,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -104.853515625,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -104.853515625,\n 41.00477542222947\n ],\n [\n -107.46826171874999,\n 41.00477542222947\n ],\n [\n -107.46826171874999,\n 37.00255267215955\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"366","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naeser, C. W.","contributorId":17582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"C.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bryant, Bruce bbryant@usgs.gov","contributorId":1355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"Bruce","email":"bbryant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kellogg, Karl S. 0000-0002-6536-9066 kkellogg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6536-9066","contributorId":1206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Karl","email":"kkellogg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Donelick, R.A.","contributorId":64052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donelick","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Perry, W. J. Jr.","contributorId":64266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70207672,"text":"70207672 - 2002 - 40Ar/39Ar ages of late Cenozoic volcanic rocks within and around the Carbondale and Eagle collapse centers, Colorado: Constraints on the timing of evaporite-related collapse and incision of the Colorado River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-18T17:14:26.599762","indexId":"70207672","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-03T10:59:56","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"40Ar/39Ar ages of late Cenozoic volcanic rocks within and around the Carbondale and Eagle collapse centers, Colorado: Constraints on the timing of evaporite-related collapse and incision of the Colorado River","title":"40Ar/39Ar ages of late Cenozoic volcanic rocks within and around the Carbondale and Eagle collapse centers, Colorado: Constraints on the timing of evaporite-related collapse and incision of the Colorado River","docAbstract":"40Ar/ 39Ar dating results of 133 samples from 84 late Cenozoic volcanic rocks provide emplacement ages that constrain the timing of evaporite collapse and the incision rates of the Colorado River. Our samples are from areas in west-central Colorado, both within and outside of the Carbondale and Eagle collapse centers. Significant pulses of volcanic activity occurred in the intervals from 24 to 22, 16 to 13, 11 to 9, and 8 to 7 Ma. In addition, small flows, widely spaced in time and space were emplaced during the last 4 m.y. Although individual basaltic flows appear to be chemically and isotopically homogeneous, there are significant geochemical and isotopic differences between flows, even between some flows that apparently have the same age within the limits of analytical precision. A low-relief early to middle Miocene erosional surface has been postulated in west-central Colorado. Our studies are consistent with the existence of a low-relief paleotopographic surface that is now at a minimum elevation range of ~2.9–3.4 km outside areas of collapse. Elevation departures from this range suggest that 1000 m of subsidence due to evaporite removal has locally occurred in the Carbondale and Eagle collapse centers. 40Ar/ 39Ar ages from downdropped and disrupted basaltic flows in the Carbondale center constrain initial collapse to >13 Ma, the timing of much of the evaporite-related collapse to the past 10–8 m.y., and an increase in the rate of collapse during the last 3 m.y. Ages and elevations of basaltic rocks above the Colorado River in Glenwood Canyon are used to calculate average apparent incision rates for the Colorado River in Glenwood Canyon of 24 mm/k.y. from 7.8 to 3.0 Ma. The average apparent incision rate increased by an order of magnitude to 242 mm/k.y. during the last 3 m.y
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2366-3.213","usgsCitation":"Kunk, M.J., Budahn, J.R., Unruh, D.M., Stanley, J.O., Kirkham, R., Bryant, B., Scott, R.B., Lidke, D.J., and Streufert, R.K., 2002, 40Ar/39Ar ages of late Cenozoic volcanic rocks within and around the Carbondale and Eagle collapse centers, Colorado: Constraints on the timing of evaporite-related collapse and incision of the Colorado River: GSA Special Papers, v. 366, p. 213-234, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2366-3.213.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"234","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370970,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"The Carbondale and Eagle collapse centers","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.7374267578125,\n 39.15988184949157\n ],\n [\n -106.3421630859375,\n 39.15988184949157\n ],\n [\n -106.3421630859375,\n 39.9602803542957\n ],\n [\n -107.7374267578125,\n 39.9602803542957\n ],\n [\n -107.7374267578125,\n 39.15988184949157\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"366","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budahn, James R. 0000-0001-9794-8882 jbudahn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":1175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"James","email":"jbudahn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Unruh, D. M.","contributorId":117170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unruh","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stanley, Josette O.","contributorId":106962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Josette","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kirkham, R. M.","contributorId":16915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirkham","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bryant, Bruce bbryant@usgs.gov","contributorId":1355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"Bruce","email":"bbryant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Scott, R. B.","contributorId":13638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lidke, David J. 0000-0003-4668-1617 dlidke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4668-1617","contributorId":1211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidke","given":"David","email":"dlidke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Streufert, R. K.","contributorId":81516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Streufert","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70207671,"text":"70207671 - 2002 - Eagle collapse center: Interpretation of evidence for late Cenozoic evaporite-related deformation in the Eagle River basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-04T15:35:09.548502","indexId":"70207671","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-03T10:24:47","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eagle collapse center: Interpretation of evidence for late Cenozoic evaporite-related deformation in the Eagle River basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"Evaporite tectonism resulted in deformation and collapse over an area of ~2500 km2 that is referred to as the Eagle collapse center. The collapse center includes much of the Eagle and Colorado River drainage basins between Vail, Dotsero, and McCoy, Colorado. The volume loss of evaporitic rocks by dissolution in the collapse center is estimated to be nearly 1700 km33 . Before ca. 10 Ma, Miocene basaltic flows partly covered an extensive, nearly horizontal, low-relief surface. Parts of this surface collapsed 1.3 km near the present-day Eagle and Colorado Rivers. Remnants of this surface outside the area of collapse, such as highlands of the White River uplift, the flank of the Gore Range, and Basalt Mountain, stand at elevations of 2.9–3.6 km. The high-standing Castle Peak basaltic cap, situated near the center of the Eagle collapse center, may not have collapsed, or collapsed little. The areas of collapse lie within or nearby known and inferred limits of the Pennsylvanian Eagle Valley Evaporite (mostly halite, gypsum, and anhydrite) that was deposited in the Central Colorado trough. Our geologic mapping and research in the Eagle collapse center delineate synclinal sags in the basaltic flows with amplitudes of 0.5–1 km, sinuous and discontinuous high-angle faults that cut basaltic flows, elongate grabens, evaporite-cored anticlines, and an ellipsoidal fault system that drops a 30 km X 10 km mountain block of younger strata into evaporite. Collapse as far as 20 km from the Colorado and Eagle Rivers suggests that the greater load on evaporite beneath surrounding highlands causes lateral flow of evaporite toward anticlinal crests in river valleys. Thus, gravity-driven evaporite flow and removal of evaporite by dissolution in groundwater and by subsequent discharge to surface waters combine to produce large-scale collapse. Although most evaporite tectonism post dates the basaltic flow capped surface, local angular unconformities under this surface record earlier, possibly Laramide evaporite tectonism, and overthickened post-evaporite red beds record some late Paleozoic evaporite deformation
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2366-3.101","usgsCitation":"Lidke, D.J., Hudson, M., Scott, R.B., Shroba, R.R., Kunk, M.J., Perry, W.J., Kirkham, R., Budahn, J.R., Streufert, R.K., Stanley, J., and Widmann, B., 2002, Eagle collapse center: Interpretation of evidence for late Cenozoic evaporite-related deformation in the Eagle River basin, Colorado: GSA Special Papers, v. 366, p. 101-120, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2366-3.101.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"120","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370969,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Eagle River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.09609985351562,\n 39.51993294050091\n ],\n [\n -106.33392333984375,\n 39.51993294050091\n ],\n [\n -106.33392333984375,\n 39.918162846609455\n ],\n [\n -107.09609985351562,\n 39.918162846609455\n ],\n [\n -107.09609985351562,\n 39.51993294050091\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"366","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lidke, David J. 0000-0003-4668-1617 dlidke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4668-1617","contributorId":1211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidke","given":"David","email":"dlidke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, Mark R. 0000-0003-0338-6079 mhudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0338-6079","contributorId":1236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Mark R.","email":"mhudson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, R. B.","contributorId":13638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shroba, Ralph R. 0000-0002-2664-1813 rshroba@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2664-1813","contributorId":1266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shroba","given":"Ralph","email":"rshroba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Perry, W. J. Jr.","contributorId":64266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kirkham, R. M.","contributorId":16915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirkham","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Budahn, James R. 0000-0001-9794-8882 jbudahn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":1175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"James","email":"jbudahn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Streufert, R. K.","contributorId":81516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Streufert","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Stanley, J.O.","contributorId":221576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stanley","given":"J.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Widmann, B.L.","contributorId":105068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Widmann","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70229419,"text":"70229419 - 2002 - Palynology of Eocene strata in the Sagavanirktok and Canning Formations on the North Slope of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-07T16:43:13.699234","indexId":"70229419","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T10:05:57","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3006,"text":"Palynology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Palynology of Eocene strata in the Sagavanirktok and Canning Formations on the North Slope of Alaska","docAbstract":"This paper describes, illustrates, and interprets Eocene palynomorph assemblages from the North Slope of Alaska, mainly from 31 outcrop samples from seven stratigraphic sections at Franklin Bluffs on the Sagavanirktok River. The top of the Sagwon Member of the Sagavanirktok Formation is shown to be a thin, coaly, apparently nonmarine sequence almost certainly of early Eocene age; the remainder of the member has long been known to be Paleocene in age. The remaining six sections at Franklin Bluffs contain silty, sandy, and clayey strata and are in the Franklin Bluffs Member of the Sagavanirktok Formation in the type area of this member. Dinocyst and pollen data from the Franklin Bluffs Member suggest mainly an early Eocene age, but some strata might be middle Eocene. In all samples from the type Franklin Bluffs Member that contained reasonably well preserved dinocyst assemblages, the environment of deposition was nearshore marine or estuarine. The Franklin Bluffs Member is the temporal equivalent of the marine Mikkelsen Tongue of the Canning Formation, whose type locality is approximately 90 km to the east–northeast. Previous pollen and plant megafossil data from the Arctic showed that the early to middle Eocene climate of the North Slope of Alaska was warm temperate, perhaps nearly subtropical. At least 20 pollen taxa present in the Eocene of the North Slope also occurred as far south in North America as the Gulf Coast and therefore had enormous latitudinal ranges. Several of these taxa appear to have migrated north to the Arctic Coast, probably mainly in the latest Paleocene, at the beginning of the climatic thermal maximum for the Tertiary. However, there is also evidence that plants producing modern-looking grains of Carya, Juglans, and Liquidambar migrated southward from the Arctic to the Gulf Coast after the early Eocene.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.2113/0260059","usgsCitation":"Frederiksen, N.O., Edwards, L.E., Ager, T.A., and Sheehan, T.P., 2002, Palynology of Eocene strata in the Sagavanirktok and Canning Formations on the North Slope of Alaska: Palynology, v. 26, no. 1, p. 59-93, https://doi.org/10.2113/0260059.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"93","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":396789,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Northwest Territories","otherGeospatial":"Amund Ringnes Island, Axel Heiberg Island, Banks Island, Cornwall Island, Death Valley, Ellesmere Island, Franklin Bluffs, Jago River, Mackenzie Delta, North Slope, Sagavanirktok River, Seward Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -163.212890625,\n 64.47279382008166\n ],\n [\n -160.927734375,\n 64.47279382008166\n ],\n [\n -160.927734375,\n 65.07213008560697\n ],\n [\n -163.212890625,\n 65.07213008560697\n ],\n [\n -163.212890625,\n 64.47279382008166\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.875,\n 67.7760253890732\n ],\n [\n -141.1083984375,\n 67.7760253890732\n ],\n [\n -141.1083984375,\n 69.97549253616164\n ],\n [\n -151.875,\n 69.97549253616164\n ],\n [\n -151.875,\n 67.7760253890732\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -136.6259765625,\n 68.02402198693447\n ],\n [\n -126.3427734375,\n 68.02402198693447\n ],\n [\n -126.3427734375,\n 70.27428967614655\n ],\n [\n -136.6259765625,\n 70.27428967614655\n ],\n [\n -136.6259765625,\n 68.02402198693447\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.57421875,\n 71.04552881933586\n ],\n [\n -123.4423828125,\n 70.97402838932706\n ],\n [\n -120.1904296875,\n 71.52490903732816\n ],\n [\n -120.0146484375,\n 72.14141785103796\n ],\n [\n -119.0478515625,\n 72.27569349919632\n ],\n [\n -119.00390625,\n 72.54131893638586\n ],\n [\n -118.47656249999999,\n 72.76406472320436\n ],\n [\n -116.27929687499999,\n 73.20131708476698\n ],\n [\n -114.9609375,\n 73.54085516273932\n ],\n [\n -117.5537109375,\n 74.36667478672423\n ],\n [\n -118.95996093749999,\n 74.33110825221166\n ],\n [\n -120.14648437499999,\n 74.36667478672423\n ],\n [\n -121.28906250000001,\n 74.67163763123041\n ],\n [\n -125.3759765625,\n 74.41397440280808\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 73.76349715052719\n ],\n [\n -125.2880859375,\n 72.98405380136168\n ],\n [\n -126.2548828125,\n 71.93815765811694\n ],\n [\n -124.1455078125,\n 71.52490903732816\n ],\n [\n -123.57421875,\n 71.04552881933586\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.13037109375,\n 77.42303985942378\n ],\n [\n -93.251953125,\n 77.31251993823143\n ],\n [\n -92.548828125,\n 77.61770905279676\n ],\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 78.20656311074711\n ],\n [\n -95.185546875,\n 78.66460771205901\n ],\n [\n -97.646484375,\n 78.9039293885709\n ],\n [\n -98.72314453125,\n 78.84031892938712\n ],\n [\n -98.76708984374999,\n 78.51682718988944\n ],\n [\n -97.998046875,\n 78.02557363284087\n ],\n [\n -96.13037109375,\n 77.42303985942378\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.505859375,\n 78.02557363284087\n ],\n [\n -88.72558593749999,\n 77.7396178476677\n ],\n [\n -87.7587890625,\n 77.23507365492469\n ],\n [\n -88.9013671875,\n 77.09842252555306\n ],\n [\n -90.9228515625,\n 76.80073870685207\n ],\n [\n -90.3076171875,\n 76.4654918099891\n ],\n [\n -89.6044921875,\n 76.434603583513\n ],\n [\n -87.451171875,\n 76.22690740640385\n ],\n [\n -81.298828125,\n 76.07966773378998\n ],\n [\n -77.87109375,\n 76.39331166244496\n ],\n [\n -77.255859375,\n 76.9007089258869\n ],\n [\n -78.31054687499999,\n 77.23507365492469\n ],\n [\n -77.255859375,\n 77.38950400539731\n ],\n [\n -77.255859375,\n 77.823323145214\n ],\n [\n -75.498046875,\n 77.93405519690263\n ],\n [\n -73.740234375,\n 78.75065903068668\n ],\n [\n -74.091796875,\n 79.30263962053658\n ],\n [\n -70.57617187499999,\n 79.7029066676203\n ],\n [\n -68.203125,\n 80.68978850608624\n ],\n [\n -66.005859375,\n 81.02491605035449\n ],\n [\n -64.072265625,\n 81.4139332828511\n ],\n [\n -63.896484375,\n 81.64692672160267\n ],\n [\n -61.787109375,\n 81.98469589107245\n ],\n [\n -60.46875,\n 82.30889251821553\n ],\n [\n -61.34765625,\n 82.5747566599134\n ],\n [\n -62.49023437499999,\n 82.60875400198577\n ],\n [\n -63.45703124999999,\n 82.89698689394207\n ],\n [\n -66.09375,\n 83.00484381972778\n ],\n [\n -70.400390625,\n 83.19489563661588\n ],\n [\n -76.11328125,\n 83.22606748157787\n ],\n [\n -79.8046875,\n 83.04752889355734\n ],\n [\n -85.517578125,\n 82.58610635020881\n ],\n [\n -90.703125,\n 81.97243132048267\n ],\n [\n -94.74609375,\n 81.4008017052346\n ],\n [\n -97.119140625,\n 80.47406532116933\n ],\n [\n -97.119140625,\n 79.79674500961411\n ],\n [\n -94.833984375,\n 78.95455985775213\n ],\n [\n -92.46093749999999,\n 78.116407975139\n ],\n [\n -88.505859375,\n 78.02557363284087\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frederiksen, Norman O.","contributorId":50880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frederiksen","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ager, Thomas A. 0000-0002-5029-7581 tager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5029-7581","contributorId":736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ager","given":"Thomas","email":"tager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sheehan, Thomas P. tsheehan@usgs.gov","contributorId":4277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheehan","given":"Thomas","email":"tsheehan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":837354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70243102,"text":"70243102 - 2002 - Paleoenvironments of sedimentary interbeds in the Pliocene and Quaternary Big Lost Trough, eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-28T15:08:56.968647","indexId":"70243102","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T10:00:57","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Paleoenvironments of sedimentary interbeds in the Pliocene and Quaternary Big Lost Trough, eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology, hydrogeology, and environmental remediation: Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, eastern Snake River plain, Idaho","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2353-1.27","usgsCitation":"Bestland, E.A., Link, P.K., Lanphere, M.A., and Champion, D.E., 2002, Paleoenvironments of sedimentary interbeds in the Pliocene and Quaternary Big Lost Trough, eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho, chap. of Geology, hydrogeology, and environmental remediation: Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, eastern Snake River plain, Idaho, v. 353, p. 27-44, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2353-1.27.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"44","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416500,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"eastern Snake River plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.15270455443617,\n 44.61483553858173\n ],\n [\n -114.7260970770847,\n 44.61483553858173\n ],\n [\n -114.7260970770847,\n 42.26622860486236\n ],\n [\n -111.15270455443617,\n 42.26622860486236\n ],\n [\n -111.15270455443617,\n 44.61483553858173\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"353","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bestland, Erick A.","contributorId":304591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bestland","given":"Erick","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Link, Paul K.","contributorId":271204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Link","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":38154,"text":"Idaho State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":871054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lanphere, Marvin A. alder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"Marvin","email":"alder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":871055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Champion, Duane E. 0000-0001-7854-9034 dchamp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-9034","contributorId":2912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champion","given":"Duane","email":"dchamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":871056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70243100,"text":"70243100 - 2002 - Accumulation and subsidence of the Pleistocene basaltic lava flows of the eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-28T14:29:27.821638","indexId":"70243100","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T09:16:22","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Accumulation and subsidence of the Pleistocene basaltic lava flows of the eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology, hydrogeology, and environmental remediation: Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, eastern Snake River plain, Idaho","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2353-1.175","usgsCitation":"Champion, D.E., Lanphere, M.A., Anderson, S.R., and Kuntz, M.A., 2002, Accumulation and subsidence of the Pleistocene basaltic lava flows of the eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho, chap. of Geology, hydrogeology, and environmental remediation: Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, eastern Snake River plain, Idaho, v. 353, p. 175-192, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2353-1.175.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"192","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416497,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"eastern Snake River plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.15270455443617,\n 44.61483553858173\n ],\n [\n -114.7260970770847,\n 44.61483553858173\n ],\n [\n -114.7260970770847,\n 42.26622860486236\n ],\n [\n -111.15270455443617,\n 42.26622860486236\n ],\n [\n -111.15270455443617,\n 44.61483553858173\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"353","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Champion, Duane E. 0000-0001-7854-9034 dchamp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-9034","contributorId":2912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champion","given":"Duane","email":"dchamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":871046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanphere, Marvin A. alder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"Marvin","email":"alder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":871047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Steven R.","contributorId":6532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kuntz, Mel A. 0000-0001-8828-5474","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8828-5474","contributorId":98400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuntz","given":"Mel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":871049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70195469,"text":"70195469 - 2002 - Preliminary evaluation of the coalbed methane potential of the Gulf Coastal Plain, USA and Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-16T11:20:15","indexId":"70195469","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Preliminary evaluation of the coalbed methane potential of the Gulf Coastal Plain, USA and Mexico","docAbstract":"Several areas in the Gulf Coast have potential for coalbed gas accumulations. These areas include parts of southern Alabama and Mississippi, north-central Louisiana, northeast, east-central and south Texas and northeastern Mexico. The coal deposits in these areas vary in rank, thickness, lateral extent and gas content, and range in age from Late Cretaceous to Eocene.
Gas desorption tests conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) on shallow (2,000 ft [609 m]) Paleocene (Wilcox-Midway Groups) coals of southeastern Mississippi indicate that the coalbeds contain some methane. Measured gas contents range from 0 to 19 scf/ton (0.19 to 0.59 cc/g; dry, ash-free) and average about 15 scf/ton (0.5 cc/g). These coals have apparent ranks of lignite to subbituminous (vitrinite reflectance of 0.3 to 0.4% Romax) at shallow depths and subbituminous to bituminous (0.5 to 0.6% Romax) in the deeper parts of the basin. Adsorption isotherm data indicate that Wilcox Group coals are undersaturated and have methane gas-storage capacities similar to those of the subbituminous coals in the Powder River basin, Wyoming. In the primary areas where Wilcox Group coalbeds are mined and subsurface data are available, net coal thickness ranges from about 10 to 50 ft (3 to 15 m), which is much less than coal thickness in the Powder River basin, which can be 300 ft (91 m).
Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene-Eocene coals of south Texas and northeastern Mexico are subbituminous to bituminous rank (up to 0.6% Romax). Some methane has been produced commercially from thin coal beds (13 ft [4 m] net) and associated sandstone at shallow depths (
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coalbed Methane of North America II","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists","usgsCitation":"Warwick, P.D., Barker, C., and SanFilipo, J., 2002, Preliminary evaluation of the coalbed methane potential of the Gulf Coastal Plain, USA and Mexico, chap. of Coalbed Methane of North America II, p. 99-107.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"107","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":351706,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351702,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/rmag/CBM2/warwick.htm"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Coast","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff0ba0e4b0da30c1bfcfab","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Schwochow, S.D.","contributorId":191926,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwochow","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728745,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nuccio, V. F.","contributorId":7713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuccio","given":"V. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728746,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":728738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barker, Charles E.","contributorId":93070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"Charles E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"SanFilipo, John R. 0000-0002-8739-5628 jsan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-5628","contributorId":2385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"SanFilipo","given":"John R.","email":"jsan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":728740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194300,"text":"70194300 - 2002 - The endemic headwater stream amphibians of the American Northwest: Associations with environmental gradients in a large forested preserve","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T17:07:36","indexId":"70194300","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1839,"text":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The endemic headwater stream amphibians of the American Northwest: Associations with environmental gradients in a large forested preserve","docAbstract":"We used a large forested preserve (Olympic National Park, USA) to examine the habitat associations of a unique and environmentally sensitive stream amphibian fauna: Ascaphus truei Stegneger, Rhyacotriton olympicus (Gaige) and Dicamptodon copei Nussbaum. We quantified the relative abundance of stream amphibians and compared them to physical, topographic, climatic and landscape variables. All three species were associated with the south-west to north-east climate gradient, tending to be most abundant in the south-west. Although a habitat generalist relative to the other two species, Dicamptodon copei was absent from the north-eastern portion of the park. Ascaphus truei and Rhyacotriton olympicus were both associated with coarse substrates and steep gradients. Unlike studies in harvested forests, all stream amphibians were common in waters with unconsolidated surface geology (e.g. marine sediments that erode easily). Studies of ecological preserves can provide an important baseline for evaluating species associations with environmental gradients and can reveal patterns not evident in more disturbed landscapes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1466-822X.2002.00272.x","usgsCitation":"Adams, M.J., and Bury, R.B., 2002, The endemic headwater stream amphibians of the American Northwest: Associations with environmental gradients in a large forested preserve: Global Ecology and Biogeography, v. 11, no. 2, p. 169-178, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1466-822X.2002.00272.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"178","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349244,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-04-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a611e33e4b06e28e9c25aaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bury, R. Bruce buryb@usgs.gov","contributorId":3660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bury","given":"R.","email":"buryb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":723178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024229,"text":"70024229 - 2002 - A record of large earthquakes on the southern Hayward fault for the past 500 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-16T12:20:53.418149","indexId":"70024229","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A record of large earthquakes on the southern Hayward fault for the past 500 years","docAbstract":"The Hayward fault, a major branch of the right-lateral San Andreas fault system, traverses the densely populated eastern San Francisco Bay region, California. We conducted a paleoseismic investigation to better understand the Hayward fault's past earthquake behavior. The site is near the south end of Tyson's Lagoon, a sag pond formed in a right step of the fault in Fremont. Because the Hayward fault creeps at the surface, we identified paleoseismic events using features that we judge to be unique to ground ruptures or the result of strong ground motion, such as the presence of fault-scarp colluvial deposits and liquefaction. We correlate the most recent event evidence (E1) to the historical 1868 M 6.9 earthquake that caused liquefaction in the pond and recognize three additional paleoruptures since A.D. 1470 ± 110 yr. Event ages were estimated by chronological modeling, which incorporated historical and stratigraphic information and radiocarbon and pollen data. Modeled, mean age and 95-percentile ranges of the three earlier events are A.D. 1730 (1650-1790) yr (E2), A.D. 1630 (1530-1740) yr (E3), and A.D. 1470 (1360-1580) (E4). The ages of these paleoearthquakes yield a mean recurrence of 130 ± 40 yr. Although the mean recurrence is well determined for the period A.D. 1470-1868, individual intervals are less well determined: E1-E2, 140 +80/-70 yr; E2-E3, 100 +90/-100 yr; and E3-E4, 150 +130/-110 yr.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120000611","usgsCitation":"Lienkaemper, J.J., Dawson, T.E., Personius, S., Seitz, G.G., Reidy, L., and Schwartz, D.P., 2002, A record of large earthquakes on the southern Hayward fault for the past 500 years: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 7, p. 2637-2658, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000611.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"2637","endPage":"2658","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.1075439453125,\n 37.63380988687157\n ],\n [\n -121.95510864257811,\n 37.492293998628746\n ],\n [\n -121.93450927734375,\n 37.48575600784826\n ],\n [\n -122.16110229492186,\n 37.83907230547638\n ],\n [\n -122.35748291015625,\n 37.95610943630718\n ],\n [\n -122.37670898437499,\n 37.95394377350263\n ],\n [\n -122.1075439453125,\n 37.63380988687157\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e53ce4b0c8380cd46c18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lienkaemper, J. J.","contributorId":71947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, T. E.","contributorId":84537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Personius, S. F. 0000-0001-8347-7370","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-7370","contributorId":31408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Personius","given":"S. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seitz, G. G.","contributorId":95651,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seitz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reidy, L.M.","contributorId":106672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reidy","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":52968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70024503,"text":"70024503 - 2002 - The 12 September 1999 Upper East Rift Zone dike intrusion at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T15:23:19.48429","indexId":"70024503","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 12 September 1999 Upper East Rift Zone dike intrusion at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Deformation associated with an earthquake swarm on 12 September 1999 in the Upper East Rift Zone of Kilauea Volcano was recorded by continuous GPS receivers and by borehole tiltmeters. Analyses of campaign GPS, leveling data, and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data from the ERS-2 satellite also reveal significant deformation from the swarm. We interpret the swarm as resulting from a dike intrusion and model the deformation field using a constant pressure dike source. Nonlinear inversion was used to find the model that best fits the data. The optimal dike is located beneath and slightly to the west of Mauna Ulu, dips steeply toward the south, and strikes nearly east-west. It is approximately 3 by 2 km across and was driven by a pressure of ∼15 MPa. The total volume of the dike was 3.3 × 106 m3. Tilt data indicate a west to east propagation direction. Lack of premonitory inflation of Kilauea's summit suggests a passive intrusion; that is, the immediate cause of the intrusion was probably tensile failure in the shallow crust of the Upper East Rift Zone brought about by persistent deep rifting and by continued seaward sliding of Kilauea's south flank.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000602","usgsCitation":"Cervelli, P., Segall, P., Amelung, F., Garbeil, H., Meertens, C., Owen, S., Mikijus, A., and Lisowski, M., 2002, The 12 September 1999 Upper East Rift Zone dike intrusion at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. B7, p. ECV 3-1-ECV 3-13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000602.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"ECV 3-1","endPage":"ECV 3-13","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.35766601562497,\n 19.283924564443133\n ],\n [\n -155.10498046875,\n 19.283924564443133\n ],\n [\n -155.10498046875,\n 19.480834276134903\n ],\n [\n -155.35766601562497,\n 19.480834276134903\n ],\n [\n -155.35766601562497,\n 19.283924564443133\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba615e4b08c986b320e99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cervelli, Peter 0000-0001-6765-1009","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6765-1009","contributorId":46724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cervelli","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Segall, P.","contributorId":44231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segall","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amelung, F.","contributorId":106268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amelung","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garbeil, H.","contributorId":103023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbeil","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meertens, C.","contributorId":30002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meertens","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Owen, S.","contributorId":56810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mikijus, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":80431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikijus","given":"Asta","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":401507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lisowski, M.","contributorId":70381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70189289,"text":"70189289 - 2002 - Polar bear management in Alaska 1997-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-09T10:09:42","indexId":"70189289","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5410,"text":"Occasional Papers of the IUCN Species Survival Comission (SSC)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"seriesNumber":"26","title":"Polar bear management in Alaska 1997-2000","docAbstract":"Since the Twelfth Working Meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group in 1997, a number of changes in the management of polar bears have occurred in Alaska. On October 16, 2000, the governments of the United States and the Russian Federation signed the “Agreement on the Conservation and Management of the Alaska-Chukotka Polar Bear Population.” This agreement provides substantial benefits for the effective conservation of polar bears shared between the U.S. and Russia. It will require enactment of enabling legislation by the U.S. Congress and other steps by Russia before the agreement has the force of law. A copy of the agreement is included as Appendix 1 to this report. Also, during this period, regulations were developed to implement 1994 amendments to the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA), which allow polar bear trophies taken in approved Canadian populations by U.S. citizens to be imported into the U.S. A summary of the regulatory actions and a table listing populations approved for importation and the number of polar bears imported into the U.S. since 1997 is included in this report. Regarding oil and gas activities in polar bear habitat, three sets of regulations were published authorizing the incidental, non-intentional, taking of small numbers of polar bears concurrent to oil and gas activities.
Cooperation continued with the Alaska Nanuuq Commission, representing the polar bear hunting communities in Alaska, as well as with the North Slope Borough and the Inuvialuit Game Council in their agreement for the management of the Southern Beaufort Sea polar bear population. Harvest summaries and technical assistance in designing and assistance in conducting a National Park Service/Alaska Nanuuq Commission study to collect traditional ecological knowledge of polar bear habitat use in Chukotka were provided. In addition, a long-range plan was developed to address and minimize polar bear-human conflicts in North Slope communities.
We continued to monitor the harvest of polar bears in Alaska and collect and analyze specimens for presence and level of organochlorine compounds and trace elements. A paper on genetic assessment of hunter reported sex of harvested bears was recently published (Schliebe et al. 1999). Population status and trend assessment efforts continued. An aerial survey of polar bears in the Eastern Chukchi Sea and western portions of the Southern Beaufort Sea was conducted from the U.S. Coast Guard icebreaker “Polar Star” in August 2000. The first year of a multi-year survey of barrier islands and coastlines during the open water and freeze-up phase was conducted in the central Southern Beaufort Sea during fall 2000.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Polar bears: Proceedings of the 13th Working meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group, 23-28 June 2001, Nuuk, Greenland (Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Comission (SSC) no. 26)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"13th Working Meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group","conferenceDate":"June 23-28, 2001","conferenceLocation":"Nuuk, Greenland, Denmark","language":"English","publisher":"IUCN","publisherLocation":"Gland, Switzerland","isbn":"2-8317-0663-7","usgsCitation":"Schliebe, S.L., Bridges, J.W., Evans, T., Fischbach, A.S., Kalxdorff, S.B., and Lierheimer, L.J., 2002, Polar bear management in Alaska 1997-2000, in Polar bears: Proceedings of the 13th Working meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group, 23-28 June 2001, Nuuk, Greenland (Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Comission (SSC) no. 26), Nuuk, Greenland, Denmark, June 23-28, 2001, p. 89-99.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"99","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343488,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":343487,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/8136"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59634095e4b0d1f9f059d80a","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Lunn, Nicholas J.","contributorId":78421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunn","given":"Nicholas J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703950,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schliebe, Scott L.","contributorId":179097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schliebe","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703951,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2},{"text":"Born, Erik W.","contributorId":8379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Born","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703952,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":3}],"editors":[{"text":"Lunn, Nicholas J.","contributorId":78421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunn","given":"Nicholas J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703947,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schliebe, Scott L.","contributorId":179097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schliebe","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703948,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Born, Erik W.","contributorId":8379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Born","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703949,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Schliebe, Scott L.","contributorId":179097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schliebe","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bridges, John W.","contributorId":127821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bridges","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13235,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Marine Mammals Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, Thomas J.","contributorId":174904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Thomas J.","affiliations":[{"id":13235,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Marine Mammals Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fischbach, Anthony S. 0000-0002-6555-865X afischbach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6555-865X","contributorId":2865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischbach","given":"Anthony","email":"afischbach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kalxdorff, Susanne B.","contributorId":179098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kalxdorff","given":"Susanne","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lierheimer, Lisa J.","contributorId":131156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lierheimer","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1015014,"text":"1015014 - 2002 - Evaluation of 2-soft-release techniques to reintroduce black bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-19T16:23:53","indexId":"1015014","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of 2-soft-release techniques to reintroduce black bears","docAbstract":"Black bear (Ursus americanus) were extirpated from most of their range by the early 1900s by habitat destruction and unregulated hunting. Since then, bear habitat has recovered in many areas, but isolation may prevent natural recolonization. Black bear translocations often have limited success because of high mortality rates and low site fidelity. We tested 2 reintroduction techniques designed to overcome those problems. The first technique used a winter release whereby pre- or post-parturient female bears were removed from their dens and placed in new dens at the release area. The second technique involved translocating female bears to the reintroduction area during summer and holding them in pens for a 2-week acclimation period before release. We translocated 8 female bears with cubs with the winter-release technique and 6 female with the summer-release technique. After release, total distance moved, net distance moved, mean daily distance moved, and circuity for winter-released bears (x̄=18.3 km, 7.1 km, 1.4 km, and 0.36, respectively) were less than summer-released bears (x̄=97.6, 63.4 km 5.1 km, and 0.74; P=0.010, 0.040, 0.019, and 0.038, respectively). Also, survival of winter-released bears (0.88) was greater than that for summer-released bears (0.2, P=0.001). Population modeling indicated that the least one additional stocking of 6 adult females with 12 cubs would greatly increase chances of population reestablishment. the winter-release technique has distinct advantages over the summer-release technique, limiting post-release movements and increasing survival of translocated bears.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","usgsCitation":"Eastridge, R., and Clark, J.D., 2002, Evaluation of 2-soft-release techniques to reintroduce black bears: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 29, no. 4, p. 1163-1174.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1163","endPage":"1174","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":320204,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3784140"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area, Daniel Boone National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.56794738769531,\n 36.84116367417466\n ],\n [\n -84.52880859375,\n 36.823027266885695\n ],\n [\n -84.51507568359375,\n 36.79883870274601\n ],\n [\n -84.51370239257812,\n 36.760891249565624\n ],\n [\n -84.50889587402344,\n 36.6843893520368\n ],\n [\n -84.5233154296875,\n 36.612771881889955\n ],\n [\n -84.54666137695312,\n 36.595684037179076\n ],\n [\n -84.57069396972655,\n 36.584106249883554\n ],\n [\n -84.55833435058594,\n 36.57087236636443\n ],\n [\n -84.56451416015625,\n 36.55708465923294\n ],\n [\n -84.58236694335938,\n 36.53777773541221\n ],\n [\n -84.61326599121094,\n 36.535570922786015\n ],\n [\n -84.61944580078125,\n 36.48976535146369\n ],\n [\n -84.61875915527344,\n 36.47706744492884\n ],\n [\n -84.60365295410156,\n 36.47320245162646\n ],\n [\n -84.60639953613281,\n 36.4477991295848\n ],\n [\n -84.58580017089842,\n 36.44117080741499\n ],\n [\n -84.57138061523438,\n 36.42791246440695\n ],\n [\n -84.55558776855469,\n 36.41244153535644\n ],\n [\n -84.55146789550781,\n 36.39475669987383\n ],\n [\n -84.56794738769531,\n 36.37485644939407\n ],\n [\n -84.59403991699217,\n 36.38259604087706\n ],\n [\n -84.60365295410156,\n 36.39088760560906\n ],\n [\n -84.6173858642578,\n 36.38646554778876\n ],\n [\n -84.64210510253906,\n 36.3693276982337\n ],\n [\n -84.6661376953125,\n 36.363798554158635\n ],\n [\n -84.71145629882812,\n 36.34776181462616\n ],\n [\n -84.72038269042969,\n 36.32563675305861\n ],\n [\n -84.75334167480469,\n 36.316784968925155\n ],\n [\n -84.78561401367188,\n 36.31623169903713\n ],\n [\n -84.79248046875,\n 36.33172177145511\n ],\n [\n -84.77462768554688,\n 36.34610265300638\n ],\n [\n -84.74853515625,\n 36.35439810755854\n ],\n [\n -84.7320556640625,\n 36.38259604087706\n ],\n [\n -84.67094421386719,\n 36.40359962073253\n ],\n [\n -84.67094421386719,\n 36.41630955656616\n ],\n [\n -84.69772338867188,\n 36.416862115300304\n ],\n [\n -84.72724914550781,\n 36.41078375301565\n ],\n [\n -84.7657012939453,\n 36.39586212000637\n ],\n [\n -84.79660034179686,\n 36.39917828607653\n ],\n [\n -84.81651306152344,\n 36.432884608437725\n ],\n [\n -84.847412109375,\n 36.45829281489\n ],\n [\n -84.85702514648438,\n 36.48369269928547\n ],\n [\n -84.847412109375,\n 36.48700511403086\n ],\n [\n -84.83436584472656,\n 36.49418152677429\n ],\n [\n -84.81994628906249,\n 36.48369269928547\n ],\n [\n -84.803466796875,\n 36.47651531482943\n ],\n [\n -84.77531433105469,\n 36.475963180796356\n ],\n [\n -84.78149414062499,\n 36.486453054741816\n ],\n [\n -84.79591369628906,\n 36.503565063228024\n ],\n [\n -84.81170654296875,\n 36.516810472849556\n ],\n [\n -84.81101989746094,\n 36.54439779540416\n ],\n [\n -84.81101989746094,\n 36.569217971443656\n ],\n [\n -84.80484008789061,\n 36.59292757869522\n ],\n [\n -84.83161926269531,\n 36.599542913631645\n ],\n [\n -84.86595153808594,\n 36.599542913631645\n ],\n [\n -84.87831115722656,\n 36.60836247790857\n ],\n [\n -84.87556457519531,\n 36.62434536776987\n ],\n [\n -84.8590850830078,\n 36.64858894203172\n ],\n [\n -84.83779907226562,\n 36.662360301266546\n ],\n [\n -84.82955932617188,\n 36.670071186450585\n ],\n [\n -84.81170654296875,\n 36.66621584042748\n ],\n [\n -84.79934692382812,\n 36.670071186450585\n ],\n [\n -84.7869873046875,\n 36.686041276581925\n ],\n [\n -84.77119445800781,\n 36.69540151211097\n ],\n [\n -84.75265502929688,\n 36.70035646962128\n ],\n [\n -84.7430419921875,\n 36.714118564660595\n ],\n [\n -84.72930908203125,\n 36.73668306473141\n ],\n [\n -84.71626281738281,\n 36.75483991938462\n ],\n [\n -84.70115661621094,\n 36.762541529488715\n ],\n [\n -84.66888427734375,\n 36.785091795976946\n ],\n [\n -84.64622497558594,\n 36.79718920417815\n ],\n [\n -84.63523864746094,\n 36.81533173455583\n ],\n [\n -84.62562561035155,\n 36.82412656548072\n ],\n [\n -84.6002197265625,\n 36.83566824724438\n ],\n [\n -84.56794738769531,\n 36.84116367417466\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fb024","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eastridge, Rick","contributorId":168732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eastridge","given":"Rick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Joseph D. 0000-0002-8547-8112 jclark1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-8112","contributorId":2265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph","email":"jclark1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":321815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024232,"text":"70024232 - 2002 - San Andreas fault zone, California: M≥5.5 earthquake history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-18T00:27:57.59664","indexId":"70024232","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"San Andreas fault zone, California: M≥5.5 earthquake history","docAbstract":"The San Andreas fault zone has been a very significant source of major California earthquakes. From 1812 to 1906 it generated four major earthquakes of M ∼7 or larger in two pairs on two major portions of the fault. A pair of major earthquakes occurred on the central to southern region, where the 1857 faulting overlapped the 1812 earthquake faulting. A pair of major earthquakes occurred on the northern region, where the 1906 faulting overlapped the 1838 earthquake faulting. Also, earthquakes of M ∼7 occurred in the San Francisco Bay area on the Hayward fault in 1868 and the Santa Cruz Mountains near Loma Prieta in 1989 and on the Imperial fault near the border with Mexico in 1940.
The 1838 earthquake's damage effects throughout the Bay area, from San Francisco to Santa Clara Valley and Monterey, were unequalled by any historical earthquake other than the 1906 event. This, and numerous strong possible aftershocks during the following 3 years in the San Juan Bautista vicinity, suggest 1838 faulting from San Francisco to San Juan Bautista.
Cycles of seismicity and quiescence were associated with the Bay area earthquakes of 1868, 1906, and 1989. The 1868 earthquake on the Hayward fault was preceded by 12 earthquakes of M ≥5.5 from 1855 to 1866, within 60 km of the Hayward fault, and was followed by 13 quiet years. The 1906 San Andreas fault event was preceded from 1881 to 1903 by 18 earthquakes of M ≥5.5 and was followed by quiescence, with only three earthquakes of M ≥5.5 until 1954. The Bay area has been seismically quiet at the M ≥5.5 level since the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and its 1990 aftershocks, which contrasts with the 10 years before 1989, when five M 5.5–6.2 events occurred. The Loma Prieta earthquake is of similar magnitude to the 1868 Hayward event and could be followed by a similarly short quiet period.
The 1857 earthquake had immediate foreshocks in the Lonoak–Bitterwater region ∼50 km northwest of Parkfield. In the northern end zone of the 1857 rupture, extending southeast from Bitterwater ∼70 km to Parkfield, the rate of seismic moment release has decreased with time since 1857. This may reflect the decay with time of the stress loading due to the ∼9 m 1857 fault displacements ∼80 km southeast of Parkfield and explain why the predicted earthquake, which was based on the assumption of regular recurrence of Parkfield earthquakes, has not yet occurred.
The extent of the 1812 earthquake fault rupture is not well defined. Jacoby et al. (1988) estimated that it extended ∼170 km from Cajon Pass to Tejon Pass. Based on this estimate, we present the hypothesis that the rupture occurred in two segments in December 1812. The eastern segment generated the 8 December earthquake that damaged San Juan Capistrano, San Gabriel, San Fernando, and San Buenaventura. Thirteen days later the western segment ruptured generating the earthquake that damaged San Fernando and San Buenaventura again, as well as Santa Barbara, Santa Ynez, and Purisima Concepcion.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120000614","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Toppozada, T.R., Branum, D., Reichle, M., and Hallstrom, C., 2002, San Andreas fault zone, California: M≥5.5 earthquake history: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 7, p. 2555-2601, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000614.","productDescription":"47 p.","startPage":"2555","endPage":"2601","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231610,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas fault zone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.89884286786469,\n 39.579083329402806\n ],\n [\n -124.0746241178646,\n 38.93255740173424\n ],\n [\n -123.59122568036477,\n 38.14196591311051\n ],\n [\n -123.06388193036479,\n 37.62169327497425\n ],\n [\n -122.4047022428648,\n 36.60545180724901\n ],\n [\n -121.39396005536472,\n 35.325052631965264\n ],\n [\n -120.77872568036463,\n 33.87823692762285\n ],\n [\n -119.02091318036474,\n 33.51261379413461\n ],\n [\n -118.05411630536457,\n 33.18222613523339\n ],\n [\n -117.30704599286474,\n 32.220771049995165\n ],\n [\n -115.63712411786469,\n 32.55475374390544\n ],\n [\n -115.63712411786469,\n 32.96127255281789\n ],\n [\n -116.25235849286477,\n 34.20596431040774\n ],\n [\n -118.80118661786466,\n 35.93227267907535\n ],\n [\n -120.51505380536463,\n 38.21105763300244\n ],\n [\n -121.8773584928648,\n 39.748229697528274\n ],\n [\n -123.89884286786469,\n 39.579083329402806\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab09fe4b0c8380cd87bef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toppozada, Tousson R.","contributorId":41837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toppozada","given":"Tousson","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Branum, D.M.","contributorId":42749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Branum","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reichle, M.S.","contributorId":14845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichle","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hallstrom, C.L.","contributorId":99733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hallstrom","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024184,"text":"70024184 - 2002 - Distribution and significance of small, artificial water bodies across the United States landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70024184","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and significance of small, artificial water bodies across the United States landscape","docAbstract":"At least 2.6 million small, artificial water bodies dot the landscape of the conterminous United States; most are in the eastern half of the country. These features account for approximately 20% of the standing water area across the United States, and their impact on hydrology, sedimentology, geochemistry, and ecology is apparently large in proportion to their area. These features locally elevate evaporation, divert and delay downstream water flow, and modify groundwater interactions. They apparently intercept about as much eroded soil as larger, better-documented reservoirs. Estimated vertical accretion rates are much higher, hence, inferred sedimentary chemical reactions must be different in the small features than in larger ones. Finally, these features substantially alter the characteristics of aquatic habitats across the landscape. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00222-X","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Smith, S.V., Renwick, W.H., Bartley, J., and Buddemeier, R., 2002, Distribution and significance of small, artificial water bodies across the United States landscape: Science of the Total Environment, v. 299, no. 1-3, p. 21-36, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00222-X.","startPage":"21","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207241,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00222-X"},{"id":232030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"299","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02a1e4b0c8380cd50132","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, S. V.","contributorId":89284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Renwick, W. H.","contributorId":64794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renwick","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartley, J.D.","contributorId":88533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartley","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buddemeier, R. W.","contributorId":86492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buddemeier","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}