Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
The lakebed in Wapato Lake National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in northwestern Oregon was farmed for decades prior to the establishment of the refuge in 2013. Planning for restoration of these lands required extensive data collection and construction of a water budget and tools to design and evaluate potential restoration strategies. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service worked together to monitor streamflow and water levels in and around Wapato Lake NWR, apply the USGS Shoreline Management Tool (SMT), then construct and apply a water-budget-based Water Management Scenario Tool (WMST). The SMT was used to determine the spatial availability of different water depths (as potential habitat for different species) as a function of water level and other factors, based on topographic data. The WMST uses a water-budget approach to predict daily water levels, inflows, outflows, and areas of specific categories of water depth in the refuge over the course of a water year in response to a range of hydrologic and meteorological conditions and potential water-management strategies. In this study, two hypothetical water-management strategies were simulated to predict their effect on water levels and areas with specific water depths as an indicator of potential habitat. In the first scenario, several tributaries that had been diverted around the lakebed since the 1930s were reconnected to the lake, and an outflow weir was used to control lake level and to create a lake and seasonal wetlands of specific depths. In the second scenario, an outflow weir was combined with pumps to help meet target lake levels. Results showed that reconnecting the largest three tributaries to Wapato Lake would provide sufficient water to create a range of aquatic conditions in most years. For a median water year, rainfall and tributary flows in these scenarios provided 99 percent of total inputs to the lake, whereas pumping, weir outflows, and open-water evaporation
accounted for 95–97 percent of losses. Management of lake levels could be accomplished with a variable-elevation outflow weir or a combination of a weir and pumps. The lake would take longer to fill to a higher seasonal target level during a dry year. Without an outflow weir or other means of allowing water to flow out of the lake, the largest of two existing pumps would need to be used during late spring or early summer to attain a lower seasonal target water level in summer. High-water conditions downstream of Wapato Lake may prevent the use of a simple outflow weir, as historical downstream water levels in winter and spring sometimes were higher than the target water levels used in these scenarios. Water-budget-based methods applied in this study have proven to be valuable for the design and evaluation of potential restoration strategies at Wapato Lake NWR.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205013","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Joint Water Commission","usgsCitation":"Rounds, S.A., Freed, T.Z., Snyder, D.T., Smith, C.D., Doyle, M.C., Holmes, E., Mykut, C., Mayer, T., Stockenberg, E., and Pilson, S.L., 2020, Evaluation of restoration alternatives using water-budget tools for the Wapato Lake National Wildlife Refuge, northwestern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5013, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205013.","productDescription":"vi, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-110975","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373658,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5013/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":373659,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5013/sir20205013.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020-5013"},{"id":399634,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_109890.htm"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Wapato Lake National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.1417,\n 45.4\n ],\n [\n -123.1083,\n 45.4\n ],\n [\n -123.1083,\n 45.4431\n ],\n [\n -123.1417,\n 45.4431\n ],\n [\n -123.1417,\n 45.4\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
Records of discharge for the connecting channels within the Great Lakes Basin are important to national governments of Canada and the United States and the various water management agencies and users in the basin. For more than 100 years, the official discharge records for the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers, two connecting channels within the Great Lakes Basin, have been computed using various stage-fall-discharge (SFQ) methods. However, as a result of technological advancements, newer methods have recently been considered for discharge computations. In this study, three discharge computation methods were compared: two SFQ methods and the index-velocity discharge (IVQ) method. Although the two SFQ methods have significantly different assumptions and use different data from the index-velocity method, the differences between the computed discharges derived from the methods are small, especially as the time step approaches monthly discharge values. Statistical analyses of discharge measurements and discharges computed using each of these methods indicate that there is no substantive difference in the discharges computed using the three methods. However, the IVQ method provides distinct advantages over the SFQ methods, including increased temporal resolution of computed discharge (minutes versus daily) and the ability to account for changes caused by aquatic vegetation and ice. Based on the results of the comparisons described herein, the IVQ discharge computation method is the most appropriate method for discharge computation in the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers. Updated SFQ equations for the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers, also presented herein, can be used to compute discharge during periods of missing or invalid IVQ record.
Priority Geographic Area: The outer continental shelf and upper continental slope from Canada/U.S. border offshore Washington State to the Mendocino Fracture Zone (Northern California), entirely within the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), from the outermost shelf to at least 2000 m water depth (Figure 1).
Description of Priority Area: Since 2015, over a thousand water column gas plumes originating at seafloor gas seeps have been discovered landward of the Cascadia deformation front (e.g., Embley et al., 2016; Johnson et al., 2015, 2019; Merle and Embley, 2016; NA-95 Cruise Report, 2018; Riedel et al., 2018), adding to those that had long been known on Hydrate Ridge (e.g., Heeschen et al., 2003; Tréhu et al., 2004). The recently-discovered seeps stretch from offshore Vancouver Island to the Mendocino Fracture Zone and from the outer shelf to ~2000 m water depth, occurring both landward and seaward of the nominal limit for gas hydrate stability zone on the upper continental slope (Figure 1). Hundreds of seeps likely remain undiscovered. Water column imaging is incomplete both within the target geographic area and farther seaward, between the 2000 m isobath and the deformation front, which is the subject of an imaging study described in a white paper by Watt et al. The recently-discovered Cascadia Margin cold seeps partially overlap an important active margin gas hydrate province (Spence et al., 2001; Tréhu et al., 2003, 2004), as well as an area where sediments on the North American plate are folded and faulted and affected by fluids generated in the subduction complex beneath the Cascadia forearc (e.g., Saffer and Tobin, 2011). Several Ocean Drilling Program expeditions have focused on hydrate systems offshore Vancouver and Oregon (e.g., Riedel et al., 2009; Tréhu et al., 2004) and on the connection between the shallow and deep hydrogeologic systems. Cabled observatories now continuously monitor physical, chemical, and venting processes on south Hydrate Ridge (OOI; e.g., Philip et al., 2016a) and offshore Vancouver Island (NEPTUNE; e.g. Römer et al., 2016). Outside of these well-studied gas hydrate areas, a subset of the recently-discovered Cascadia seeps, including some that we visited with R/V Falkor in 2019 (e.g., https://schmidtocean.org/cruise/methane-seeps-at-edge-of-hydrate-stability/), also likely emit methane associated with shallow subseafloor gas hydrate systems. Other seeps are delivering not only methane, but also deep-derived gases (Baumberger et al., 2018, 2020) to the seafloor. Many Cascadia Margin seeps have also been recognized at water depths too shallow (e.g., 175 m) to be connected to gas hydrate dynamics. These seeps are postulated to be emitting gas and fluids that originated deep in accretionary wedge before migrating up normal faults generated during forearc extension associated with large earthquakes (Johnson et al., 2019). Only a small fraction of the recently discovered U.S. Cascadia Margin water column gas plumes has so far been verified by ROVs (Hercules from E/V Nautilus in 2016 and 2018; SuBastian from R/V Falkor in 2018 and 2019) to correspond to seafloor seeps. Careful scientific mapping, investigation, and sampling at the seeps have also been limited (e.g., Baumberger et al., 2018, 2020; Merle and Embley, 2016; Seabrook et al., 2018; Greinert et al. 2019). This white paper focuses on expanding exploration of already-identified U.S. Cascadia Margin cold seeps through a multipronged and multidisciplinary discovery program that could be accomplished with a variety of NOAA assets. The goals of the proposed exploration activities are to develop high-resolution maps of seep fields from deep ocean vehicles; to verify (and sample) seafloor gas emissions at the locations of water column plumes for compositional and isotopic studies; to map, sample, and conduct analyses on chemosynthetic communities and deep-sea coral habitats near seep sites to document species distributions and habitats as a function of depth and latitude along the margin; to collect seep geologic samples that can constrain the timing of methane emissions through geochronology; and to record environmental data (e.g., CTD) near the seafloor and in the water column above the seeps. Seafloor mapping using shipboard systems (multibeam/backscatter) would be needed to characterize seafloor features near seep sites. Water column imaging (EK60/80 and/or multibeam WCD data) conducted before and after seafloor explorations would capture active methane plumes and constrain temporal variations in seep emissions (e.g., Kannberg et al., 2013; Philip et al., 2016a, 2016b), which are known to vary on time scales as rapid as tidal cycles on this margin (e.g., Römer et al., 2016). What are the characterization and data needs in this area? Check all that apply: __x_ Biology, Geology, Physical Oceanography, Chemistry ___ Marine Archaeology ___ Other Provide a list or brief description of the data needed within this area, from your perspective: 1. Water column backscatter to image active gas plumes 2. High-resolution multibeam bathymetry, seafloor backscatter, and shallow sub-bottom imaging 3. Visual characterization and ground truthing of potential seeps, including high-resolution mapping and photography from near-seafloor vehicles; collection of seep-associated species, corals, sediments, authigenic carbonates, gases, and seawater Describe relevance to national security, conservation, and/or the economy: The Cascadia margin seeps provide significant ecosystem services, including habitat for commercially important fishes and support for diversity along the continental margin. Methane seeps are also biological hotspots for krill, plankton, and crustaceans, which in turn sustain higher trophic levels (e.g., whales). Methane-derived authigenic carbonates serve as a hard substrate for deep-sea corals and sponges on millennial time scales. The studies proposed here will elucidate the relationship among seep environments, deep-sea corals, sponges, fisheries, and other organisms and provide new insight into subduction zone and hydrate-associated fluids in this important seismogenic zone. The studies address fishery management concerns and inform future conservation of sensitive species (e.g., deep-sea corals) and benthic habitats. From your perspective, what makes this area unique? The Cascadia Margin seeps are a critical component of the leaky margin that stretches from Baja California to the Aleutian Arc along the Pacific coastline of North America. Cold seeps have been intensely studied on the Gulf of Mexico and U.S. Atlantic passive margins with a focus on chemosynthetic communities, deep-sea corals, and leakage of microbially-generated and/or thermogenic hydrocarbons; however, the recently-discovered Cascadia Margin seeps, as well as active margin seep systems in general, remain more poorly characterized. Such seeps not only contribute to the ocean carbon cycle (e.g., Pohlman et al., 2011), thereby fueling the base of the food chain in these settings, but also emit subduction zone fluids that provide clues about processes within the seismogenic zone and the accretionary complex. The Cascadia seeps area allows both biological (e.g., benthic habitats, coral distributions) and physical processes (e.g., generation of subduction zone fluids) to be studied along both depth (perpendicular to the deformation front) and latitudinal gradients.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Workshop to identify national ocean exploration priorities in the Pacific: White paper submissions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Consortium for Ocean Leadership","usgsCitation":"Demopoulos, A., Ruppel, C.D., Prouty, N.G., Watt, J., Baumberger, T., and Butterfield, D.A., 2020, Cascadia Margin cold seeps: Subduction zone fluids, gas hydrates, and chemosynthetic habitats, in Workshop to identify national ocean exploration priorities in the Pacific: White paper submissions, p. 61-64.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"64","ipdsId":"IP-121853","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397462,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":397441,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://oceanleadership.org/discovery/ocean-exploration-pacific-priorities-workshop/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascadia Margin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.662109375,\n 42.22851735620852\n ],\n [\n -123.48632812499999,\n 46.13417004624326\n ],\n [\n -124.365234375,\n 48.3416461723746\n ],\n [\n -129.19921875,\n 50.3454604086048\n ],\n [\n -133.330078125,\n 48.80686346108517\n ],\n [\n -132.71484375,\n 44.902577996288876\n ],\n [\n -131.30859375,\n 41.902277040963696\n ],\n [\n -127.529296875,\n 38.685509760012\n ],\n [\n -123.74999999999999,\n 39.90973623453719\n ],\n [\n -123.662109375,\n 42.22851735620852\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Demopoulos, Amanda 0000-0003-2096-4694","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2096-4694","contributorId":222183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demopoulos","given":"Amanda","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruppel, Carolyn D. 0000-0003-2284-6632 cruppel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2284-6632","contributorId":195778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"Carolyn","email":"cruppel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prouty, Nancy G. 0000-0002-8922-0688 nprouty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8922-0688","contributorId":3350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prouty","given":"Nancy","email":"nprouty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Watt, Janet 0000-0002-4759-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":221271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Janet","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baumberger, Tamara","contributorId":289140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baumberger","given":"Tamara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Butterfield, David A","contributorId":172469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butterfield","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":27052,"text":"JISAO/PMEL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70229999,"text":"70229999 - 2020 - Mapping, exploration, and characterization of the California continental margin and associated features from the California-Oregon border to Ensenada, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-23T14:47:44.40071","indexId":"70229999","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-31T09:38:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Mapping, exploration, and characterization of the California continental margin and associated features from the California-Oregon border to Ensenada, Mexico","docAbstract":"Priority Geographic Area: Both within and outside US Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). California continental margin. This area includes and continues south of the geographic area captured in the Watt et al. white paper.
Description of Priority Area: The California continental margin, from the narrow shelf to abyssal depths, contains diverse seafloor features that influence benthic community types, biological connectivity, and is associated with significant seafloor geohazards. These complex features include marginal basins, depositional slopes, submarine canyons, ridges, and seamounts, and seep environments as a result of fluid seeps along active faults. Water column characteristics are variable, with steep gradients in current velocities, which influence sediment transport, from depositional fans (slow flow, muddy) to submarine canyons and seamounts (high currents, rocky, rugged terrain). These features and associated environments can influence the distribution of deep-sea habitats, including coral and sponge communities. South of the region described in the Watt et al. and Demopoulos et al. white papers, plentiful seeps occur from northern California down to the southern California Borderland. However, the underlying foundational geology associated with these seeps varies along the margin, changing with contrasting tectonic settings, from convergent tectonics to regions dominated by strike-slip faulting (Barry et al. 1996; Paull et al. 2008; Bernardo and Smith 2010; Maloney et al. 2015). For seeps located off southern California, the relationship to strike-slip fault systems may influence the distribution of seep fluid expulsion sites and associated seep habitats (Maloney et al. 2015; Grupe et al. 2015; Conrad et al., 2017), where transpression plays a key role in formation and localization of fluid seeps. Further exploration is required in order to understand these connections. Several submarine canyons intersect the shelf within this region, serving as important channels of energy and transport of sediment from shelf to slope depths. Canyons are typically associated with high currents, turbidity flows, steep and rugged terrain, and high food availability, all of which structures canyon communities and supports hotspots of biodiversity. Specific canyons along the California margin that have been well studied include Scripps and La Jolla Canyons off San Diego, and Monterey Canyon off Monterey, but many more remain relatively unexplored. Commercially important species of fish and invertebrates have been found associated with canyons, as well as deep-sea corals and sponges (e.g., Barry et al. 1996). However, in contrast to their Atlantic counterparts (e.g., through ACUMEN and ASPIRE campaigns) there has been a dearth of exploration and characterization of canyons along the California margin. A number of questions remain regarding canyon and slope wall stability and associated geohazards, plus, how the canyons connect and influence the broader regional biogeography of benthic communities is unknown. Due to their topography, seamounts along the California margin are characterized by steep slopes, large areas of rocky substrate, and high currents. Hydrological complexity is associated with seamounts given they impinge different watermasses, depending on depth range. This heterogeneity yields complex and diverse benthic communities, including commercially important fishes (e.g., Tracey et al., 2012). The geology of Davidson, Pioneer, San Juan, and Rodriquez Seamounts has received considerable study (e.g., Davis et al., 2010) but other seamounts are less known, including how they are biologically and ecologically connected. For example, research comparing the benthic communities associated with Rodriguez and San Juan Seamounts, located outside of the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary and within the proposed Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary, to communities found within the sanctuary is critical for managing and protecting resources within the sanctuary and modifying sanctuary boundaries. Exploration would yield the data needed to delineate and characterize essential fish habitats, and deep-sea coral and sponge communities, thus directly connecting the utility of exploration and discovery to decision making. The southern California Borderland is a geomorphologically heterogeneous area created by a complex network of faults, containing deep basins separated by shallow ridges and islands. Persistent fault-related deformation has created complex features, such as exposure of scarps and uplift rocks/ridges, seeps, erosional terraces, hydrate mounds, and mud volcanoes that provide support for thriving benthic communities. That said, significant oxygen minimum zones and low aragonite saturation states persist within several of the basin environments, influencing energy flow, community ecology, and calcification. For example, the combined effects of hypoxia and acidification pose serious threats to marine organisms and biological resources along the California margin. Mapping and exploration of the extensive faults and fault scarps can help constrain historical earthquake activity. But many questions remain regarding how the underlying geology and geological processes have shaped the biological communities.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Workshop to identify national ocean exploration priorities in the Pacific: White paper submissions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Consortium for Ocean Leadership","usgsCitation":"Demopoulos, A., Prouty, N.G., Brothers, D.S., Watt, J., Conrad, J.E., Chaytor, J., and Caldow, C., 2020, Mapping, exploration, and characterization of the California continental margin and associated features from the California-Oregon border to Ensenada, Mexico, in Workshop to identify national ocean exploration priorities in the Pacific: White paper submissions, p. 65-68.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"68","ipdsId":"IP-121854","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397461,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":397442,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://oceanleadership.org/discovery/ocean-exploration-pacific-priorities-workshop/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"continental margin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.20214843749999,\n 32.47269502206151\n ],\n [\n -117.1142578125,\n 33.687781758439364\n ],\n [\n -119.83886718750001,\n 34.77771580360469\n ],\n [\n -123.92578125,\n 43.100982876188546\n ],\n [\n -128.2763671875,\n 42.48830197960227\n ],\n [\n -124.4091796875,\n 31.98944183792288\n ],\n [\n -117.20214843749999,\n 32.47269502206151\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Demopoulos, Amanda 0000-0003-2096-4694","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2096-4694","contributorId":219234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demopoulos","given":"Amanda","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prouty, Nancy G. 0000-0002-8922-0688 nprouty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8922-0688","contributorId":3350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prouty","given":"Nancy","email":"nprouty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brothers, Daniel S. 0000-0001-7702-157X dbrothers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-157X","contributorId":167089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"Daniel","email":"dbrothers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Watt, Janet 0000-0002-4759-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":221271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Janet","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Conrad, James E. 0000-0001-6655-694X jconrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-694X","contributorId":2316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"James","email":"jconrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chaytor, Jason 0000-0001-8135-8677 jchaytor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8135-8677","contributorId":140095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaytor","given":"Jason","email":"jchaytor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Caldow, Chris","contributorId":270136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caldow","given":"Chris","affiliations":[{"id":56094,"text":"NOAA, NOS, Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70209735,"text":"70209735 - 2020 - Steps to develop early warning systems and future scenarios of wave-driven flooding along coral reef-lined coasts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-23T14:45:11.680131","indexId":"70209735","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-31T09:27:01","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3912,"text":"Frontiers in Marine Science","onlineIssn":"2296-7745","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Steps to develop early warning systems and future scenarios of wave-driven flooding along coral reef-lined coasts","docAbstract":"Tropical coral reef-lined coasts are exposed to storm wave-driven flooding. In the future, flood events during storms are expected to occur more frequently and to be more severe due to sea-level rise, changes in wind and weather patterns, and the deterioration of coral reefs. Hence, disaster managers and coastal planners are in urgent need of decision-support tools. In the short-term, these tools can be applied in Early Warning Systems (EWS) that can help to prepare for and respond to impending storm-driven flood events. In the long-term, future scenarios of flooding events enable coastal communities and managers to plan and implement adequate risk-reduction strategies. Modeling tools that are used in currently available coastal flood EWS and future scenarios have been developed for open-coast sandy shorelines, which have only limited applicability for coral reef-lined shorelines. The tools need to be able to predict local sea levels, offshore waves, as well as their nearshore transformation over the reefs, and translate this information to onshore flood levels. In addition, future scenarios require long-term projections of coral reef growth, reef composition, and shoreline change. To address these challenges, we have formed the UFORiC (Understanding Flooding of Reef-lined Coasts) working group that outlines its perspectives on data and model requirements to develop EWS for storms and scenarios specific to coral reef-lined coastlines. It reviews the state-of-the-art methods that can currently be incorporated in such systems and provides an outlook on future improvements as new data sources and enhanced methods become available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers in Marine Science","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2020.00199","collaboration":"","usgsCitation":"Winter, G., Storlazzi, C.D., Vitousek, S., van Dongeren, A., McCall, R.T., Hoeke, R., Skirving, W., Marra, J., Reyns, J., Aucan, J., Widlansky, M.J., Becker, J., Perry, C., Masselink, G., Lowe, R., Ford, M., Pomeroy, A., Mendez, F.J., Rueda, A.C., and Wandres, M., 2020, Steps to develop early warning systems and future scenarios of wave-driven flooding along coral reef-lined coasts: Frontiers in Marine Science, v. 7, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00199.","productDescription":"199, 8 p.","startPage":"","ipdsId":"IP-108058","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457215,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00199","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":374219,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, Gundula","contributorId":204988,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winter","given":"Gundula","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490 cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":140584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt","email":"cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vitousek, Sean 0000-0002-3369-4673 svitousek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3369-4673","contributorId":149065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vitousek","given":"Sean","email":"svitousek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"van Dongeren, Ap","contributorId":149002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Dongeren","given":"Ap","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12474,"text":"Deltares, Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":787708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCall, Robert T.","contributorId":148986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCall","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12474,"text":"Deltares, Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":787709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hoeke, Ron 0000-0003-0576-9436","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0576-9436","contributorId":196862,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoeke","given":"Ron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Skirving, William","contributorId":224303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skirving","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":787711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Marra, John ","contributorId":221119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marra","given":"John ","affiliations":[{"id":40326,"text":"NOAA, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":787712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Reyns, Johan","contributorId":224304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reyns","given":"Johan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36257,"text":"Deltares","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":787713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Aucan, Jerome","contributorId":220065,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aucan","given":"Jerome","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40127,"text":"IRD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":787714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Widlansky, Matthew J.","contributorId":215334,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Widlansky","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":39222,"text":"Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":787715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Becker, Janet","contributorId":224305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Becker","given":"Janet","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16619,"text":"UCSD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":787716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Perry, Chris","contributorId":224306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perry","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40853,"text":"UE","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":787717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Masselink, Gerd","contributorId":224307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Masselink","given":"Gerd","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40854,"text":"UP","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":787718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Lowe, Ryan","contributorId":177845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowe","given":"Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Ford, Murray","contributorId":224308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ford","given":"Murray","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40855,"text":"UA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":787720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Pomeroy, Andrew","contributorId":182033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pomeroy","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Mendez, Fernando J.","contributorId":177514,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mendez","given":"Fernando","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Rueda, Ana C.","contributorId":177511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rueda","given":"Ana","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Wandres, Moritz","contributorId":220067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wandres","given":"Moritz","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40128,"text":"SPC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":787724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}} ,{"id":70209230,"text":"sir20205017E - 2020 - Simulation of groundwater-level changes from projected groundwater withdrawals in the Truxton basin, northwestern Arizona","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70209230,"text":"sir20205017E - 2020 - Simulation of groundwater-level changes from projected groundwater withdrawals in the Truxton basin, northwestern Arizona","indexId":"sir20205017E","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","displayTitle":"Simulation of Groundwater-Level Changes from Projected Groundwater Withdrawals in the Truxton Basin, Northern Arizona","title":"Simulation of groundwater-level changes from projected groundwater withdrawals in the Truxton basin, northwestern Arizona"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70209317,"text":"sir20205017 - 2020 - Geophysical surveys, hydrogeologic characterization, and groundwater flow model for the Truxton basin and Hualapai Plateau, northwestern Arizona","indexId":"sir20205017","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"title":"Geophysical surveys, hydrogeologic characterization, and groundwater flow model for the Truxton basin and Hualapai Plateau, northwestern Arizona"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70209317,"text":"sir20205017 - 2020 - Geophysical surveys, hydrogeologic characterization, and groundwater flow model for the Truxton basin and Hualapai Plateau, northwestern Arizona","indexId":"sir20205017","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"title":"Geophysical surveys, hydrogeologic characterization, and groundwater flow model for the Truxton basin and Hualapai Plateau, northwestern Arizona"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-26T15:56:23.623695","indexId":"sir20205017E","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-5017","chapter":"E","displayTitle":"Simulation of Groundwater-Level Changes from Projected Groundwater Withdrawals in the Truxton Basin, Northern Arizona","title":"Simulation of groundwater-level changes from projected groundwater withdrawals in the Truxton basin, northwestern Arizona","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional, numerical groundwater flow model of the Hualapai Plateau and Truxton basin was developed to assist water-resource managers in understanding the potential effects of projected groundwater withdrawals on groundwater levels and storage in the basin. The Truxton Basin Hydrologic Model (TBHM) is a transient model that simulates the hydrologic system for the years 1976 through 2139, including hypothetical low-, medium-, and high-groundwater withdrawal scenarios beginning in 2020. The simulated effects of these withdrawal scenarios are presented as groundwater-level changes from the year 2020 to 2070, and from 2020 to 2140. Hydrologic properties in the TBHM are derived from calibration of a steady-state model of the predevelopment (before 1976) groundwater system. The future pumping scenarios are each simulated with three different interpretations of basin depth supported by geophysical data. For each of the resulting nine transient models, a Monte Carlo approach is used to produce a range of possible and probable groundwater-level changes at points throughout the basin given probabilistic ranges of hydrologically reasonable aquifer property values supported by the model calibration results. The ensemble of models that simulate the future pumping scenarios include pumping from the existing well field (three wells) plus additional pumping from a proposed new well. Simulated high future pumping increases progressively to 1,840 acre-feet per year in 2120 and produces a range of drawdowns between 20 and 39 feet (ft) near the pumping center, with a median drawdown of 28 ft. The low future pumping scenario, which increases progressively to 650 acre-ft per year in 2120, produces a range of drawdowns between 5 and 15 ft, with a median drawdown of 10 ft at the same location over the same period of time.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205017E","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Knight, J.E., 2020, Simulation of groundwater-level changes from projected groundwater withdrawals in the Truxton basin, northwestern Arizona, chap. E of Mason, J.P., ed., Geophysical surveys, hydrogeologic characterization, and groundwater flow model for the Truxton basin and Hualapai Plateau, northwestern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5017, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205017E.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 39 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-108383","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399689,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_109887.htm"},{"id":373648,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O2WGLS","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-NWT groundwater model used for simulating potential future pumping scenarios and forecasting associated groundwater-level changes in the Truxton aquifer on the Hualapai Reservation and adjacent areas, Mohave County, Arizona"},{"id":373647,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5017/e/sir20205017_chap_e.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020-5017 Chapter E"},{"id":373504,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5017/e/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Truxton basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.05,\n 35.2403\n ],\n [\n -113.18,\n 35.2403\n ],\n [\n -113.18,\n 36.1656\n ],\n [\n -114.05,\n 36.1656\n ],\n [\n -114.05,\n 35.2403\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Arizona Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
520 N. Park Avenue
Tucson, AZ 85719
Director,
Arizona Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
520 N. Park Avenue
Tucson, AZ 85719
The area surrounding the Grand Canyon has spectacular outcrop exposure in the modern canyon walls, leading to stratigraphic contact delineations that are well constrained near canyons yet poorly constrained where the terrain remains undissected and relatively unexplored by boreholes. An airborne electromagnetic and magnetic survey of the western Hualapai Indian Reservation and surrounding areas was undertaken to support the development of a three-dimensional hydrostratigraphic framework of the Truxton basin and Hualapai Plateau. These data were used to develop models of the resistivity structure with total depths of investigation ranging from 200 meters in the most conductive parts of the Truxton basin to more than 600 meters in the higher resistivity areas underlying the Hualapai Plateau. The modeled resistivity structure was used in conjunction with geologic maps, well lithologic records, and results from gravity models of the depth to bedrock to develop high-resolution regional interpretations of the elevation of the Muav Limestone-Bright Angel Shale contact and the top of the crystalline basement. These contacts are conceptualized to serve as the base of the Paleozoic limestone aquifers primarily underlying the Hualapai Plateau and the Tertiary-Quaternary sedimentary and volcanic aquifers of the Truxton basin, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205017D","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Ball, L.B., 2020, Major hydrostratigraphic contacts of the Truxton basin and Hualapai Plateau, northwestern Arizona, developed from airborne electromagnetic data, chap. D of Mason, J.P., ed., Geophysical surveys, hydrogeologic characterization, and groundwater flow model for the Truxton basin and Hualapai Plateau, northwestern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5017, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205017D.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 24 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-108191","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399687,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_109886.htm"},{"id":373646,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P91OLJN3","linkHelpText":"Airborne electromagnetic and magnetic survey data from the western Hualapai Indian Reservation near Grand Canyon West and Peach Springs, Arizona, 2018"},{"id":373503,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5017/d/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":373645,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2020/5017/d/sir20205017_chap_d.pdf","text":"Report","size":"27 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2020-5017 Chapter D"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Hualapai Plateau, Truxton basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.2125,\n 35.2281\n ],\n [\n -113.0603,\n 35.2281\n ],\n [\n -113.0603,\n 36.2139\n ],\n [\n -114.2125,\n 36.2139\n ],\n [\n -114.2125,\n 35.2281\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Arizona Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
520 N. Park Avenue
Tucson, AZ 85719
This study was developed to assess if groundwater from the western Hualapai Plateau could be used to supply developments in the Grand Canyon West area of the Hualapai Indian Reservation and to collect hydrogeologic data for future use in a numerical groundwater model for the reservation. Ground-based geophysical surveys; existing well, spring, and other hydrogeologic information from previous studies; and new well and spring data collected for this study were used to provide a better understanding of the hydrogeology of the western Hualapai Plateau.
Surface geophysical data provided information on the depth and geologic structure of lower Paleozoic rock units and Proterozoic crystalline and metamorphic rocks that underlie the western Hualapai Plateau. The surface geophysical data and discharge information from springs were used to select a site to drill and develop the U.S. Geological Survey Hualapai Test Well.
The Hualapai Test Well was drilled to understand the geophysical properties of geologic formations at depth. These data were used to verify the results of surface geophysical data and to evaluate if sufficient water was present in the Hualapai Test Well for potential groundwater development. The Hualapai Test Well was drilled to a depth of 2,468 feet and bottomed in Proterozoic granite. Water was expected in the lower part of the Muav Limestone, but water was not observed until the Tapeats Sandstone at a depth of 2,400 feet. The Tapeats Sandstone was determined to be confined with a hydrostatic head of over 900 feet. A 48-hour pumping test was conducted to determine aquifer properties. Low specific capacity indicated that although groundwater is present in the Tapeats Sandstone, well yields are likely to be small. A water-quality sample indicated the sample had a calcium, magnesium-bicarbonate water type with a total dissolved-solids concentration of 371 milligrams per liter. Alpha radioactivity of the sample, 18.3 picocuries per liter, exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level of 15 picocuries per liter for drinking water. Concentrations of iron and manganese in the water sample also exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary maximum contaminant levels for drinking water.
An inventory of wells and springs provided insight into the occurrence of groundwater on the western Hualapai Plateau. Data from 56 springs on and adjacent to the western Hualapai Plateau were compiled for this study, and new data were collected at 31 springs. Discharge from springs visited for this study ranged from dry to about 345 gallons per minute. The temporal data from springs, where repeat measurements were available, indicated that spring flow is highly variable and likely related to seasonal and annual precipitation. Water levels from 36 wells on and adjacent to the western Hualapai Plateau were compiled for this study, and new water levels were collected at 5 wells. The spring and well data in conjunction with the Hualapai Test Well results indicated that on the western Hualapai Plateau, bedrock aquifers have limited discrete flow paths that make extensive groundwater development unlikely.
Director,
Arizona Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
520 N. Park Avenue
Tucson, AZ 85719
Radio‐telemetry is a commonly used scientific technique that allows researchers to collect detailed movement, habitat use, and survival data of animals; however, evidence indicates that using telemetry can affect behavior and survival. Using multiple breeding colonies and years, we investigated the effects of attached radio‐transmitters on growth and survival of Forster's tern (Sterna forsteri ) chicks in San Francisco Bay, California, USA, 2010–2011. We tested these potential effects at isolated islands that allowed for high re‐capture rates (typically >85%) in radio‐marked and banded‐only chicks. Modeled Gompertz growth curves suggested that transmitters had a small negative effect on some of the asymptotic growth parameters of tern chicks; tarsus (−1.5 ± 0.7% [SE]), culmen (−1.7 ± 1.2%), and wing (−4.9 ± 2.0%) lengths were shorter for radio‐marked chicks compared to banded‐only chicks. In contrast, there was no difference in asymptotic mass between radio‐marked chicks and banded‐only chicks. Survival from hatching to fledging was lower for radio‐marked chicks than banded‐only chicks during 2010 (banded‐only = 0.313 ± 0.162 vs. radio‐marked = 0.250 ± 0.165) and 2011 (0.193 ± 0.030 vs. 0.123 ± 0.027). Most of the transmitter effect occurred within the first week after hatching, rather than in older chicks. Notably, the effect of transmitters on chick survival was primarily additive, indicating that the effect of transmitters on radio‐marked chicks was not influenced by other ecological covariates. Given the effect radio‐transmitters had on survival did not change across temporal or ecological gradients, transmitters can still be used to evaluate ecological factors affecting survival and timing of mortality and radio‐marked birds can be used to make inferences to the general population.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21864","usgsCitation":"Herzog, M.P., Ackerman, J.T., Hartman, C.A., and Peterson, S.H., 2020, Transmitter effects on growth and survival of Forster’s tern chicks: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 84, no. 5, p. 891-901, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21864.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"891","endPage":"901","ipdsId":"IP-113026","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":377393,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.13775634765625,\n 37.4113460970232\n ],\n [\n -121.92386627197266,\n 37.4113460970232\n ],\n [\n -121.92386627197266,\n 37.505368263398104\n ],\n [\n -122.13775634765625,\n 37.505368263398104\n ],\n [\n -122.13775634765625,\n 37.4113460970232\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herzog, Mark P. 0000-0002-5203-2835 mherzog@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5203-2835","contributorId":131158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"Mark","email":"mherzog@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":202848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hartman, C. Alex 0000-0002-7222-1633 chartman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7222-1633","contributorId":131157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"C.","email":"chartman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alex","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterson, Sarah H. 0000-0003-2773-3901 sepeterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2773-3901","contributorId":167181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Sarah","email":"sepeterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":795870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70210069,"text":"70210069 - 2020 - Operational global actual evapotranspiration: Development, evaluation, and dissemination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-13T14:25:13.766951","indexId":"70210069","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-30T09:21:14","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"title":"Operational global actual evapotranspiration: Development, evaluation, and dissemination","docAbstract":"Satellite-based actual evapotranspiration (ETa) is becoming increasingly reliable and available for various water management and agricultural applications from water budget studies to crop performance monitoring. The Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model is currently used by the US Geological Survey (USGS) Famine Early Warning System Network (FEWS NET) to routinely produce and post multitemporal ETa and ETa anomalies online for drought monitoring and early warning purposes. Implementation of the global SSEBop using the Aqua satellite’s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature and global gridded weather datasets is presented. Evaluation of the SSEBop ETa data using 12 eddy covariance (EC) flux tower sites over six continents indicated reasonable performance in capturing seasonality with a correlation coefficient up to 0.87. However, the modeled ETa seemed to show regional biases whose natures and magnitudes require a comprehensive investigation using complete water budgets and more quality-controlled EC station datasets. While the absolute magnitude of SSEBop ETa would require a one-time bias correction for use in water budget studies to address local or regional conditions, the ETa anomalies can be used without further modifications for drought monitoring. All ETa products are freely available for download from the USGS FEWS NET website.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/s20071915","collaboration":"","usgsCitation":"Senay, G., Kagone, S., and Velpuri, N.M., 2020, Operational global actual evapotranspiration: Development, evaluation, and dissemination, v. 7, no. 20, 1915, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/s20071915.","productDescription":"1915, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-116111","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457241,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20071915","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437046,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9OUVUUI","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Operational Global Actual Evapotranspiration using the SSEBop model"},{"id":374752,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senay, Gabriel 0000-0002-8810-8539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":216910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":788972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kagone, Stefanie 0000-0002-2979-4655","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2979-4655","contributorId":210980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kagone","given":"Stefanie","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Velpuri, Naga M. 0000-0002-6370-1926","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-1926","contributorId":96183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velpuri","given":"Naga","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70209444,"text":"70209444 - 2020 - Movement-assisted localization from acoustic telemetry data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-08T12:37:57.712286","indexId":"70209444","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-30T07:36:21","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2792,"text":"Movement Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movement-assisted localization from acoustic telemetry data","docAbstract":"Acoustic telemetry technologies are being increasingly deployed to study a variety of aquatic taxa including fishes, reptiles, and marine mammals. Large cooperative telemetry networks produce vast quantities of data useful in the study of movement, resource selection and species distribution. Efficient use of acoustic telemetry data requires estimation of acoustic source locations from detections at receivers (i.e., “localization”). Multiple processes provide information for localization estimation including detection/non-detection data at receivers, information on signal rate, and an underlying movement model describing how individuals move and utilize space. Frequently, however, localization methods only integrate a subset of these processes and do not utilize the full spatial encounter history information available from receiver arrays.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/s40462-020-00199-6","collaboration":"","usgsCitation":"Hostetter, N., and Royle, A., 2020, Movement-assisted localization from acoustic telemetry data: Movement Ecology, v. 8, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-020-00199-6.","productDescription":"15, 13 p.","startPage":"","ipdsId":"IP-113754","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-020-00199-6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":373834,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostetter, Nathan J.","contributorId":223869,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hostetter","given":"Nathan J.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":786503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":146229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70209829,"text":"70209829 - 2020 - High-throughput sequencing reveals distinct regional genetic structure among remaining populations of an endangered salt marsh plant in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-04T17:14:15.685216","indexId":"70209829","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-30T07:31:55","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-throughput sequencing reveals distinct regional genetic structure among remaining populations of an endangered salt marsh plant in California","docAbstract":"Conservation of rare species requires careful consideration to both preserve locally adapted traits and maintain genetic diversity, as species’ ranges fluctuate in response to a changing climate and habitat loss. Salt marsh systems in California have been highly modified and many salt marsh obligate species have undergone range reductions and habitat loss with concomitant losses of genetic diversity and connectivity. Remaining salt marshes are threatened by rising sea levels, and so these habitats will likely require active restoration and re-establishment efforts. This study aims to provide a reference point for the current status of genetic diversity and range-wide population structure of a federally and state listed endangered plant, Salt Marsh Bird’s Beak (Chloropyron maritimum subsp. maritimum) that can inform future preservation and restoration efforts. We used historical data and current monitoring information to locate and sample all known occurrences throughout the species range in Southern California, and three additional occurrences from Baja California, Mexico. We used flow cytometry and single nucleotide polymorphic markers (SNPs), generated by double-digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD), to assess relative ploidy, and estimate genetic diversity and population structure across the region. Overall, we found four to five distinct genetic clusters that coincide with geographic regions. Genetic diversity was greatest in the southern part of the range including Baja California and San Diego. These findings can bolster management and restoration efforts by identifying potentially isolated occurrences and areas that are rich sources of allelic diversity, and by providing insight into the amount of genetic differentiation across the species range.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10592-020-01269-3","usgsCitation":"Milano, E.R., Mulligan, M.R., Rebman, J.P., and Vandergast, A.G., 2020, High-throughput sequencing reveals distinct regional genetic structure among remaining populations of an endangered salt marsh plant in California: Conservation Genetics, v. 21, p. 547-559, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-020-01269-3.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"547","endPage":"559","ipdsId":"IP-112923","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374396,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.201171875,\n 32.65787573695528\n ],\n [\n -116.103515625,\n 32.65787573695528\n ],\n [\n -116.103515625,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -121.201171875,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -121.201171875,\n 32.65787573695528\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milano, Elizabeth R. 0000-0003-4143-9303","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4143-9303","contributorId":210607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milano","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mulligan, Margaret R","contributorId":224408,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulligan","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":40878,"text":"San Diego Natural History Museum, San Diego, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":788207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rebman, Jon P.","contributorId":145616,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rebman","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16175,"text":"San Diego Natural History Museum","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":788208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vandergast, Amy G. 0000-0002-7835-6571 avandergast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-6571","contributorId":3963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandergast","given":"Amy","email":"avandergast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70220206,"text":"70220206 - 2020 - Hillslope groundwater discharges provide localized ecosystem buffers from regional PFAS contamination in a gaining coastal stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-27T13:19:56.792469","indexId":"70220206","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-29T08:04:39","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hillslope groundwater discharges provide localized ecosystem buffers from regional PFAS contamination in a gaining coastal stream","docAbstract":"Emerging groundwater contaminants such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may impact surface-water quality and groundwater-dependent ecosystems of gaining streams. Although complex near-surface hydrogeology of stream corridors challenges sampling efforts, recent advances in heat tracing of discharge zones enable efficient and informed data collection. For this study we used a combination of streambed temperature push-probe and thermal infrared methods to guide a discharge-zone-oriented sample collection along approximately 6 km of a coastal trout stream on Cape Cod, MA where groundwater discharge constitutes approximately 95% of total streamflow. Eight surface-water locations and discharging groundwater from 24 streambed and bank seepages were analyzed for dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, stable water isotopes, and a range of PFAS compounds which are contaminants of emerging concern in aquatic environments. The results indicate a complex system of groundwater discharge source flowpaths, where the sum of concentrations of six PFAS compounds (Environmental Protection Agency third Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule UCMR 3) showed a median concentration of 52 331 (SD) ng/L with two higher outliers and three discharges with non-detection of PFAS. Higher UCMR 3 PFAS concentration was related -0.66 (Spearman Rank, p<0.001) to discharging groundwater that showed an evaporative signature (deuterium excess), indicating flow through at least one upgradient kettle lake. Therefore, more regional groundwater flowpaths originating from outside the local river corridor tended to show higher PFAS concentrations as evaluated at their respective discharge zones. Conversely, UCMR 3 PFAS concentrations were typically low at discharges that did not indicate evaporation and were adjacent to steep hillslopes and, therefore, were classified as locally recharged groundwater. Previous research at this stream found that the native brook trout favor discharge points of groundwater recharged on local hillslopes for spawning, likely in response to generally higher levels of dissolved oxygen compared to discharge zones located further away from hillslopes. Our study shows that the trout may thereby be avoiding emerging contaminants such as PFAS in groundwater recharged farther from the stream.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.13752","usgsCitation":"Briggs, M.A., Tokranov, A.K., Hull, R.B., LeBlanc, D.R., Haynes, A., and Lane, J., 2020, Hillslope groundwater discharges provide localized ecosystem buffers from regional PFAS contamination in a gaining coastal stream: Hydrological Processes, v. 34, no. 10, p. 2281-2291, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13752.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2281","endPage":"2291","ipdsId":"IP-117276","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385320,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod, Quashnet River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.24932861328125,\n 42.06356771883277\n ],\n [\n -70.2081298828125,\n 42.02481360781777\n ],\n [\n -70.1806640625,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -70.16693115234375,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -70.18890380859375,\n 42.04317376494972\n ],\n [\n -70.16143798828125,\n 42.06356771883277\n ],\n [\n -70.11199951171875,\n 42.04113400940807\n ],\n [\n -70.07904052734375,\n 41.92475971933975\n ],\n [\n -70.0653076171875,\n 41.89818843043047\n ],\n [\n -70.0543212890625,\n 41.920672548686824\n ],\n [\n -70.02960205078125,\n 41.92271616673922\n ],\n [\n -70.0213623046875,\n 41.887965758804484\n ],\n [\n -70.00762939453125,\n 41.81021999190292\n ],\n [\n -70.07080078125,\n 41.777456667491066\n ],\n [\n -70.125732421875,\n 41.76106872528616\n ],\n [\n -70.16693115234375,\n 41.75492216766298\n ],\n [\n -70.20263671875,\n 41.748775021355044\n ],\n [\n -70.257568359375,\n 41.7180304600481\n ],\n [\n -70.279541015625,\n 41.72828028223453\n ],\n [\n -70.345458984375,\n 41.74262728637672\n ],\n [\n -70.44158935546875,\n 41.75287318430239\n ],\n [\n -70.49102783203125,\n 41.77336007442076\n ],\n [\n -70.55145263671875,\n 41.775408403663285\n ],\n [\n -70.587158203125,\n 41.748775021355044\n ],\n [\n -70.6201171875,\n 41.73647896274239\n ],\n [\n -70.65582275390625,\n 41.68316883525891\n ],\n [\n -70.6475830078125,\n 41.64213096472801\n ],\n [\n -70.653076171875,\n 41.60312076451184\n ],\n [\n -70.64208984375,\n 41.57436130598913\n ],\n [\n -70.78765869140625,\n 41.47771800887871\n ],\n [\n -70.94146728515625,\n 41.42625319507269\n ],\n [\n -70.94970703125,\n 41.409775832009565\n ],\n [\n -70.86181640625,\n 41.41801503608024\n ],\n [\n -70.784912109375,\n 41.4509614012039\n ],\n [\n -70.653076171875,\n 41.51680395810118\n ],\n [\n -70.6201171875,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -70.5487060546875,\n 41.53531012183376\n ],\n [\n -70.48828125,\n 41.54764462357737\n ],\n [\n -70.4443359375,\n 41.588742636696765\n ],\n [\n -70.43060302734375,\n 41.60517452129933\n ],\n [\n -70.39764404296875,\n 41.60722821271717\n ],\n [\n -70.367431640625,\n 41.61749568924243\n ],\n [\n -70.3125,\n 41.6257084937525\n ],\n [\n -70.26580810546875,\n 41.60928183876483\n ],\n [\n -70.24108886718749,\n 41.6257084937525\n ],\n [\n -70.17791748046875,\n 41.65239288426814\n ],\n [\n -70.13946533203124,\n 41.65034063112266\n ],\n [\n -70.06805419921875,\n 41.66470503009207\n ],\n [\n -70.015869140625,\n 41.668808555620586\n ],\n [\n -69.98016357421875,\n 41.65239288426814\n ],\n [\n -70.0103759765625,\n 41.566141964768384\n ],\n [\n -70.0103759765625,\n 41.539421883822854\n ],\n [\n -69.9884033203125,\n 41.54764462357737\n ],\n [\n -69.98016357421875,\n 41.59490508367679\n ],\n [\n -69.92523193359375,\n 41.68316883525891\n ],\n [\n -69.93072509765625,\n 41.81431422987254\n ],\n [\n -69.97467041015625,\n 41.94927724511655\n ],\n [\n -70.048828125,\n 42.039094188385945\n ],\n [\n -70.13397216796875,\n 42.07783959017503\n ],\n [\n -70.21087646484375,\n 42.08803181932636\n ],\n [\n -70.24932861328125,\n 42.06356771883277\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Briggs, Martin A. 0000-0003-3206-4132 mbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-4132","contributorId":4114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Martin","email":"mbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tokranov, Andrea K. 0000-0003-4811-8641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4811-8641","contributorId":255483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tokranov","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hull, Robert B. 0000-0002-0216-5250","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0216-5250","contributorId":215569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hull","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LeBlanc, Denis R. 0000-0002-4646-2628","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4646-2628","contributorId":219907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"Denis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haynes, A.","contributorId":257634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haynes","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36710,"text":"University of Connecticut","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. 0000-0002-3558-243X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":210076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John W.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70209092,"text":"fs20203017 - 2020 - Pyrrhotite distribution in the conterminous United States, 2020","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-20T18:44:59.3731","indexId":"fs20203017","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-26T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-3017","displayTitle":"Pyrrhotite Distribution in the Conterminous United States, 2020","title":"Pyrrhotite distribution in the conterminous United States, 2020","docAbstract":"In parts of Connecticut and Massachusetts, foundations of some homes are cracking and crumbling. Failing foundations can reduce the market value of a home and lifting a house to replace and repour a foundation is an expensive undertaking. In response, some homeowners are defaulting on their mortgages and abandoning their homes. The culprit is pyrrhotite, which occurs in construction aggregate (crushed stone) that was used as a filler in concrete. When pyrrhotite is naturally exposed to water and oxygen, it breaks down to produce sulfuric acid and secondary minerals, including gypsum, which have larger volumes than the pyrrhotite they replace. The expanded volume of the secondary minerals cracks and degrades concrete.
Director, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-973
Denver, CO 80225-0046
We used odds ratios and a hurdle model to analyze parasite co-infections over 25 years on >20,000 young-of-the year of endangered Shortnose and Lost River Suckers. Host ecologies differed as did parasite infections. Shortnose Suckers were more likely to be caught inshore and 3–5 times more likely to have Bolbophorus spp. and Contracaecum sp. infections, and Lost River Suckers were more likely to be caught offshore and approximately three times more likely to have Lernaea cyprinacea infections. An observed peak shift seems likely to be due to a lower host size limit for Bolbophorus spp. (13.6 mm) compared with L. cyprinacea (23.4 mm). The large data set allowed us to generate strong hypotheses: (i) that a major marsh restoration project had unintended consequences that resulted in an increase in infections; (ii) that co-infection with Bolbophorus spp. increased the odds of infection by L. cyprinacea and Contracaecum sp.; (iii) that significant declines in the odds of infection over approximately 25 days were due to parasite-induced host mortality; (iv) that the fish’s small size relative to L. cyprinacea and Contracaecum sp. might be directly lethal; (v) that the absence of L. cyprinacea infections in the early 1990s was associated with good year-class production of the suckers; and (vi) that parasites might increase the odds of vagrancy from the nursery ground.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.02.001","usgsCitation":"Markle, D.F., Janik, A., Peterson, J., Choudhury, A., Simon, D., Tkach, V., Terwilliger, M.R., Sanders, J.L., and Kent, M.L., 2020, Odds ratios and hurdle models: a long-term analysis of parasite infection patterns in endangered young-of-the-year suckers from Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, USA: International Journal for Parasitology, v. 50, no. 4, p. 315-330, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.02.001.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"330","ipdsId":"IP-115203","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.02.001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395785,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.7889404296875,\n 42.22648356137063\n ],\n [\n -121.79443359375,\n 42.409262623071186\n ],\n [\n -121.93588256835938,\n 42.603641609996586\n ],\n [\n -122.12265014648438,\n 42.48222557002593\n ],\n [\n -122.02377319335938,\n 42.379850764344134\n ],\n [\n -121.92626953124999,\n 42.2752765520868\n ],\n [\n -121.81503295898436,\n 42.20207291264876\n ],\n [\n -121.7889404296875,\n 42.22648356137063\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markle, Douglas F.","contributorId":14530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markle","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":834165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Janik, Andrew","contributorId":275600,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Janik","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25426,"text":"OSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, James T. 0000-0002-7709-8590 james_peterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-8590","contributorId":2111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"James","email":"james_peterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Choudhury, Anindo","contributorId":275601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Choudhury","given":"Anindo","affiliations":[{"id":56865,"text":"nsc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Simon, David C.","contributorId":275602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simon","given":"David C.","affiliations":[{"id":25426,"text":"OSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tkach, Vasyl V.","contributorId":275603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tkach","given":"Vasyl V.","affiliations":[{"id":40486,"text":"UND","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Terwilliger, Mark R.","contributorId":275604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Terwilliger","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":25426,"text":"OSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sanders, Justin L.","contributorId":275605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanders","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":25426,"text":"OSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kent, Michael L.","contributorId":275606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kent","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":25426,"text":"OSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70208684,"text":"sir20205008 - 2020 - Effects of huisache removal on rangeland evapotranspiration in Victoria County, south-central Texas, 2015–18","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-25T21:19:00.19189","indexId":"sir20205008","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-26T09:18:33","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-5008","displayTitle":"Effects of Huisache Removal on Rangeland Evapotranspiration in Victoria County, South-Central Texas, 2015–18","title":"Effects of huisache removal on rangeland evapotranspiration in Victoria County, south-central Texas, 2015–18","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey and Desert Research Institute, in cooperation with the Natural Resources Conservation Service, Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board, Victoria County Groundwater Conservation District, Victoria Soil and Water Conservation District, and the San Antonio River Authority, evaluated the hydrologic effects of Vachellia farnesiana var. farnesiana (huisache) removal on rangeland evapotranspiration in Victoria County, Texas. Measurements of evapotranspiration, rainfall, and related properties were made at two sites during March 2015 through August 2018. One site was predominantly grassland. The other site was dominated by dense huisache vegetation that was removed about halfway through the study period. The resulting evapotranspiration data were examined for differences between the locations and differences between the pre-removal (2015–16) and post-removal (2017–18) periods to assess the effects of huisache removal on evapotranspiration. Evapotranspiration measurements were made using the eddy-covariance technique and were supplemented by remote-sensing estimates of evapotranspiration derived from thermal and optical satellite images. A map of remotely sensed evapotranspiration was generated for the area surrounding the study sites for 2015 and demonstrates the capability of remote sensing to evaluate land-management effects on evapotranspiration for larger scale areas, such as a county or stream-basin area.
During the pre-removal period (March 2015–December 2016), evapotranspiration was greater at the huisache site than at the grassland site. Evapotranspiration at the grassland site (average of the eddy-covariance evapotranspiration and average remotely sensed evapotranspiration) was 87.6 millimeters per month (mm/mo) and at the huisache site was 100.8 mm/mo, with the differences in evapotranspiration rates being attributed to the difference in site vegetation. After huisache was removed in January 2017, evapotranspiration at the huisache site was substantially lower than at the grassland site, the changes in evapotranspiration rates being attributed not only to removal of huisache vegetation but also to possible disruption of soil runoff and infiltration characteristics. During the post-removal period (February 2017–August 2018), evapotranspiration was 88.5 mm/mo at the grassland site and 72.9 mm/mo at the huisache site (average of the eddy-covariance and average remotely sensed evapotranspiration).
The monthly differences in evapotranspiration between the grassland and huisache sites, determined by eddy-covariance and remote-sensing methods, were statistically significant between the pre-removal and post-removal periods. Also, the pre-removal period provided the best conditions to evaluate the differences between huisache site and grassland site evapotranspiration. During the pre-removal period, evapotranspiration from the huisache site as measured by the eddy-covariance method was, on average, 10.7 mm/mo greater than evapotranspiration measured at the grassland site. As determined by the average of the remotely sensed methods, huisache site evapotranspiration was 15.8 mm/mo greater than grassland site evapotranspiration. These average differences in evapotranspiration rates by the two methods indicate that evapotranspiration at the grassland site was, on average, 13.2 mm/mo less than that at the huisache site during the pre-removal period. This average difference in evapotranspiration rates also indicates potential increased groundwater recharge and (or) surface-water runoff at the grassland site.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20205008","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Natural Resources Conservation Service, Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board, Victoria County Groundwater Conservation District, Victoria Soil and Water Conservation District, and the San Antonio River Authority","usgsCitation":"Slattery, R.N., Ockerman, D.J., Bromley, M., Huntington, J., and Banta, J.R., 2020, Effects of huisache removal on rangeland evapotranspiration in Victoria County, south-central Texas, 2015–18: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5008, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205008.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 27 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-113663","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399630,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1505 Ferguson Lane
Austin, TX 78754–4501
Areas of improving and degrading groundwater-quality conditions in the State of California were assessed using spatial weighting of a new metric for scoring wells based on constituent concentrations and the direction and magnitude of a trend slope (Sen). Individual well scores were aggregated across 2135 equal-area grid cells covering the entire groundwater resource used for public supply in the state. Spatial weighting allows results to be aggregated locally (well or grid cell), regionally (groundwater basin), provincially, or statewide. Results differentiate degrading (increasing concentration trends) areas with low to moderate concentrations (unimpaired) from degrading areas with moderate to high concentrations (impaired). Results also differentiate improving areas (decreasing concentration trends) in the same manner. Multi-year to decadal groundwater-quality trends were computed from periodic, inorganic water-quality data for 38 constituents collected between 1974 and 2014 for compliance monitoring of nearly 13,000 public-supply wells (PSWs) in the State of California. Mann-Kendall (MK) rank correlations and Sen’s slope estimator were used to detect statistically significant trends for the entire period of recorded data (long-term trend), for the period since 2000 (recent trend), for different pumping seasons (seasonal trend), and for reversals of trends. Statewide, the most frequently detected trends since 2000 were for nitrate (36%), gross alpha/uranium (10%), arsenic (14%), total dissolved solids (TDS) (23%), and the major ions that contribute to TDS (19–28%). The Transverse and Selected Peninsular Ranges (TSPR) and the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) hydrogeologic provinces had the largest percentage of areas with moderate to high nitrate concentrations and groundwater quality trends. Improving nitrate concentrations in parts of the TSPR is associated with long-term managed aquifer recharge that has replaced historical, agriculturally affected groundwater with low-nitrate recharge in parts of the TSPR. This example suggests that application of dilute, excess surface water to agricultural fields during the winter could improve groundwater-quality in the SJV over the long term.
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\"}}]}","volume":"192","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-03-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jurgens, Bryant C. 0000-0002-1572-113X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1572-113X","contributorId":203409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurgens","given":"Bryant","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rutledge, Jeffrey 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V 0000-0002-6239-1604 georbenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-1604","contributorId":1373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"George","suffix":"V","email":"georbenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70210927,"text":"70210927 - 2020 - Low stand density moderates growth declines during hot droughts in semi-arid forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-03T14:40:57.637149","indexId":"70210927","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-25T09:32:25","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low stand density moderates growth declines during hot droughts in semi-arid forests","docAbstract":"Numerous studies have documented the linkages between agricultural nitrogen loads and surface water degradation. In contrast, potential water quality improvements due to agricultural best management practices are difficult to detect because of the confounding effect of background nitrate removal rates, as well as the groundwater-driven delay between land surface action and stream response. To characterize background controls on nitrate removal in two agricultural catchments, we calibrated groundwater travel time distributions with subsurface environmental tracer data to quantify the lag time between historic agricultural inputs and measured baseflow nitrate. We then estimated spatially distributed loading to the water table from nitrate measurements at monitoring wells, using machine learning techniques to extrapolate the loading to unmonitored portions of the catchment to subsequently estimate catchment removal controls. Multiple models agree that in-stream processes remove as much as 75% of incoming loads for one subcatchment while removing <20% of incoming loads for the other. The use of a spatially variable loading field did not result in meaningfully different optimized parameter estimates or model performance when compared with spatially constant loading derived directly from a county-scale agricultural nitrogen budget. Although previous studies using individual well measurements have shown that subsurface denitrification due to contact with a reducing argillaceous confining unit plays an important role in nitrate removal, the catchment-scale contribution of this process is difficult to quantify given the available data. Nonetheless, the study provides a baseline characterization of nitrate transport timescales and removal mechanisms that will support future efforts to detect water quality benefits from ongoing best management practice implementation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.20049","usgsCitation":"Zell, W.O., Culver, T., Sanford, W.E., and Goodall, J.L., 2020, Quantifying background nitrate removal mechanisms in an agricultural watershed with contrasting subcatchment baseflow concentrations: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 49, no. 2, p. 392-403, https://doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.20049.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"392","endPage":"403","ipdsId":"IP-110824","costCenters":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VWY11M","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-2005 and MODPATH6 models used to simulate groundwater flow and nitrate transport in two tributaries to the Upper Chester River, Maryland"},{"id":430521,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Upper Chester study area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76,\n 39.333\n ],\n [\n -76,\n 39.25\n ],\n [\n -75.916667,\n 39.25\n ],\n [\n -75.916667,\n 39.333\n ],\n [\n -76,\n 39.333\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-03-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zell, Wesley O. 0000-0002-8782-6627","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8782-6627","contributorId":339721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zell","given":"Wesley","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":904929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Culver, Teresa B","contributorId":339722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Culver","given":"Teresa B","affiliations":[{"id":25492,"text":"University of Virginia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":904930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanford, Ward E. 0000-0002-6624-0280 wsanford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":2268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"Ward","email":"wsanford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":904931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goodall, Jonathan L","contributorId":339724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodall","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[{"id":25492,"text":"University of Virginia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":904932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70209126,"text":"ofr20201025 - 2020 - Juvenile Lost River and shortnose sucker year-class formation, survival, and growth in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon and Clear Lake Reservoir, California—2017 Monitoring Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-25T11:48:27","indexId":"ofr20201025","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-24T16:15:59","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-1025","displayTitle":"Juvenile Lost River and Shortnose Sucker Year-Class Formation, Survival, and Growth in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon and Clear Lake Reservoir, California—2017 Monitoring Report","title":"Juvenile Lost River and shortnose sucker year-class formation, survival, and growth in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon and Clear Lake Reservoir, California—2017 Monitoring Report","docAbstract":"Populations of federally endangered Lost River (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose suckers (Chasmistes brevirostris) in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, and Clear Lake Reservoir (hereinafter referred to as Clear Lake; fig. 1), California, are experiencing long-term declines in abundance. Upper Klamath Lake populations are decreasing because juvenile suckers are not surviving and recruiting into the adult population. Most juvenile sucker mortality occurs within the first year of life in Upper Klamath Lake. Annual production of juvenile suckers in Clear Lake appear to be highly variable and may not occur at all in very dry years. However, juvenile sucker survival is much higher in Clear Lake, with some suckers surviving to join spawning aggregations. Long-term monitoring of juvenile sucker populations is needed to 1) determine if there are annual and species-specific differences in production, survival, and growth; 2) better understand when juvenile sucker mortality is greatest; 3) help identify potential causes of high juvenile sucker mortality particularly in Upper Klamath Lake; and 4) monitor for successful juvenile survival in Upper Klamath Lake.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began a summer juvenile sucker monitoring program in 2015 to track cohorts over time in Upper Klamath and Clear Lakes. The juvenile sucker monitoring program involved using trap net data at fixed sites to determine the status of juvenile suckers. Annual variability in apparent age-0 sucker production, juvenile sucker survival, and growth were tracked. Using genetic markers, suckers were classified as one of three taxa; shortnose (combinations of shortnose and Klamath largescale suckers), Lost River, or suckers with genetic markers of both species (Intermediate [Prob]). By using catch data, we generated taxa-specific indices of year-class strength, August–September apparent survival, and overwinter apparent survival. We also examined the prevalence and severity of afflictions such as parasites, wounds, and deformities.
The Upper Klamath Lake year-class strength indices for both Lost River and shortnose suckers were slightly lower in 2015 and 2017 than in 2016. The ratios of age-0 Lost River suckers to age-0 shortnose suckers captured in August in Upper Klamath Lake were low in 2015 and 2017, given that adult Lost River suckers are more abundant and more fecund than adult shortnose suckers. This may indicate lower egg, larval, or juvenile survival or poorer spawning success for Lost River suckers than shortnose suckers in these two years. Apparent relative age-0 survival indices for Lost River suckers from August to September in Upper Klamath Lake were greater in 2015 (0.29) than in 2016 (0.16) or 2017 (0.14). Age-0 shortnose sucker catch rates increased between August and September in 2015, possibly indicating new individuals of this species were still recruiting to the lake between the two sampling periods. August to September relative survival indices for Upper Klamath Lake shortnose suckers were 0.35 in 2016 and 0.00 in 2017.
We predicted year-class strength would be greater in Clear Lake in years when high spring-time lake elevations and instream flow allowed adult suckers access to spawning habitat in the Willow Creek drainage. Instream flows and lake elevations were sufficient to allow adult suckers to access Willow Creek during the 2016 and 2017 spawning seasons, and age-0 suckers were detected in Clear Lake both years. Higher lake surface elevations and instream flows in 2017 than in 2016 were not associated with higher year-class strength indices in 2017 than in 2016. Low lake surface elevations appeared to limit access by adults to Willow Creek during the 2014 and 2015 spawning seasons and age-0 suckers were not detected in Clear Lake during these years. Nineteen shortnose suckers from the 2014 cohort were captured in Clear Lake in 2017. A 2015 cohort of shortnose suckers was captured as age-1 in 2016 and as age-2 in 2017. The most likely explanation for increasing catch rates of the 2015 cohort is that the higher Willow Creek flows in 2016 and 2017 facilitated the movement of stream-resident suckers, spawned in 2014 and 2015 downstream into Clear Lake. Due to uncertainty in the genetic identification of non-Lost River suckers, these fish are equally likely to be Klamath largescale or shortnose suckers (Hoy and Ostberg, 2015).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201025","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Bart, R.J., Burdick, S.M., Hoy, M.S., and Ostberg, C.O., 2020, Juvenile Lost River and shortnose sucker year-class formation, survival, and growth in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon and Clear Lake Reservoir, California—2017 Monitoring Report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1025, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201025.","productDescription":"v, 36 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-112875","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373492,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1025/ofr20201025.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020-1025"},{"id":373491,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1025/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Clear Lake Reservoir, Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.77197265625,\n 40.763901280945866\n ],\n [\n -121.22314453124999,\n 40.763901280945866\n ],\n [\n -121.22314453124999,\n 43.08493742707592\n ],\n [\n -123.77197265625,\n 43.08493742707592\n ],\n [\n -123.77197265625,\n 40.763901280945866\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016
Analytical methods that incorporate genetic data are increasingly used in monitoring and assessment programs for important rate functions of fish populations (e.g., recruitment). Because gear types vary in efficiencies and effective sampling areas, results from genetic‐based assessments likely differ depending on the sampling gear used to collect genotyped individuals; consequently, management decisions may also be affected by sampling gear. In this study, genetic pedigree analysis conducted on egg and larval Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens collected from the St. Clair–Detroit River system using three gear types was used to estimate and evaluate gear‐specific differences in the number of spawning adults that produced the eggs and larvae sampled (Ns), the effective number of breeding adults (Nb), and individual reproductive success. Combined across locations and sampling years, pooled estimates were 330 (Ns; point estimate) and 317 (Nb; 95% CI = 271–372). Mean reproductive success was 4.35 with a variance of 5.33 individuals/spawner. Mean ± SE estimated numbers of unique parents per genotyped egg or larva (i.e., adult detection rate) from 2015 samples were 1.140 ± 0.003 for vertically stratified conical nets, 0.836 ± 0.002 for D‐frame nets, and 0.870 ± 0.002 for egg mats. Using samples from 2016, adult detection rates were 0.823 ± 0.001 for D‐frame nets and 0.708 ± 0.001 for egg mat collections. Coancestry values were negatively correlated with adult detection rate. Although genetic pedigree analyses can improve the understanding of recruitment in fish populations, this study demonstrates that estimates from genetic analyses can vary with the targeted life stage (a biologically informative outcome) and sampling methodology. This study also highlights the influence of sampling methods on the interpretation of genetic pedigree analysis results when multiple gear types are used to collect individuals. Development of standardization approaches may facilitate spatial and temporal comparisons of genetic‐based assessment results.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10333","usgsCitation":"Hunter, R., Roseman, E., Sard, N.M., Hayes, D., Brenden, T.O., DeBruyne, R., and Scribner, K.T., 2020, Egg and larval collection methods affect spawning adult numbers inferred by pedigree analysis: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 40, no. 2, p. 307-319, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10333.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"319","ipdsId":"IP-111101","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10333","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382466,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Michigan, Ontario","otherGeospatial":"St Clair-Detroit River system","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.29833984375,\n 41.99624282178583\n ],\n [\n -82.232666015625,\n 41.99624282178583\n ],\n [\n -82.232666015625,\n 43.06086137134326\n ],\n [\n -83.29833984375,\n 43.06086137134326\n ],\n [\n -83.29833984375,\n 41.99624282178583\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-03-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunter, Robert D.","contributorId":237766,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunter","given":"Robert D.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roseman, Edward F. 0000-0002-5315-9838","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5315-9838","contributorId":217909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseman","given":"Edward F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":808655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sard, Nick M.","contributorId":237767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sard","given":"Nick","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayes, Daniel B.","contributorId":248252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayes","given":"Daniel B.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brenden, Travis O.","contributorId":126759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brenden","given":"Travis","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":6596,"text":"Quantitative Fisheries Center, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DeBruyne, Robin L.","contributorId":139752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeBruyne","given":"Robin L.","affiliations":[{"id":12902,"text":"MI State UNiversity","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":95434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":808660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70209418,"text":"70209418 - 2020 - Economic valuation of health benefits from using geologic data to communicate radon risk potential","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-01T21:15:36.519346","indexId":"70209418","displayToPublicDate":"2020-03-20T09:45:42","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5522,"text":"Environmental Health","onlineIssn":"1476-069X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Economic valuation of health benefits from using geologic data to communicate radon risk potential","docAbstract":"Background: Radon exposure is the second leading cause of lung cancer worldwide and represents a major health concern within and outside the United States. Mitigating exposure to radon is especially critical in places with high rates of tobacco smoking (e.g., Kentucky, USA), as radon-induced lung cancer is markedly greater among people exposed to tobacco smoke. Despite homes being a common source of radon exposure, convincing homeowners to test and mitigate for radon remains a challenge. A new communication strategy to increase radon testing among Kentucky homeowners utilizes fine-scale geologic map data to create detailed radon risk potential maps. We assessed the health benefits of this strategy via avoided lung cancer and associated premature mortality and quantified the economic value of these benefits to indicate the potential utility of using geologic map data in radon communication strategies. Methods: We estimated the change in radon testing among all 120 counties in Kentucky following a new communication strategy reliant on geologic maps. We approximated the resultant potential change in radon mitigation rates and subsequent expected lung cancer cases and mortality avoided among smokers and non-smokers exposed to ≥4 pCi/L of radon in the home. We then applied the value of a statistical life to derive the economic value of the expected avoided mortality. Results: The new communication strategy is estimated to help 75 Kentucky residents in one year avoid exposure to harmful radon levels via increased testing and mitigation rates. This equated to the potential avoidance of approximately one premature death due to lung cancer, with a net present value of \\$3.4 to \\$8.5 million (2016 USD). Conclusions: Our analysis illustrates the potential economic value of health benefits associated with geologic map data used as part of a communication strategy conveying radon risk to the public. Geologic map data are freely available in varying resolutions throughout the United States, suggesting Kentucky’s radon communication strategy using geologic maps can be employed in other states to educate the public about radon. As this is only a single application, in a single state, the economic and health benefits of geologic map data in educating the public about radon are likely to exceed our estimates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/s12940-020-00589-8","usgsCitation":"Chiavacci, S.J., Shapiro, C.D., Pindilli, E., Casey, C.F., Rayens, M.K., Wiggins, A.T., Andrews, W.M., and Hahn, E.J., 2020, Economic valuation of health benefits from using geologic data to communicate radon risk potential: Environmental Health, v. 19, 36, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-020-00589-8.","productDescription":"36, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-110968","costCenters":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":457301,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-020-00589-8","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":373860,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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