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No abstract available.

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cmueller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1868-9710","contributorId":955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Charles","email":"cmueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":241794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haller, Kathleen M. haller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haller","given":"Kathleen M.","email":"haller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":241796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wheeler, Russell L. wheeler@usgs.gov","contributorId":858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Russell","email":"wheeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Leyendecker, E. V.","contributorId":87162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leyendecker","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wesson, Robert L. 0000-0003-2702-0012 rwesson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2702-0012","contributorId":850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesson","given":"Robert","email":"rwesson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Harmsen, Stephen C. harmsen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmsen","given":"Stephen C.","email":"harmsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":241798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cramer, Chris H.","contributorId":32196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Perkins, David M. perkins@usgs.gov","contributorId":2114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"David","email":"perkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":301,"text":"Geologic Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rukstales, Kenneth S. 0000-0003-2818-078X rukstales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2818-078X","contributorId":775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rukstales","given":"Kenneth","email":"rukstales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":50555,"text":"ofr02423 - 2002 - Agenda, extended abstracts, and bibliographies for a workshop on Deposit modeling, mineral resources assessment, and their role in sustainable development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-20T15:29:00","indexId":"ofr02423","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-423","title":"Agenda, extended abstracts, and bibliographies for a workshop on Deposit modeling, mineral resources assessment, and their role in sustainable development","docAbstract":"Global demand for mineral resources continues to increase because of increasing global population and the desire and efforts to improve living standards worldwide. The ability to meet this growing demand for minerals is affected by the concerns about possible environmental degradation associated with minerals production and by competing land uses. Informed planning and decisions concerning sustainability and resource development require a long-term perspective and an integrated approach to land-use, resource, and environmental management worldwide. This, in turn, requires unbiased information on the global distribution of identified and especially undiscovered resources, the economic and political factors influencing their development, and the potential environmental consequences of their exploitation. \r\n\r\nThe purpose of the IGC workshop is to review the state-of-the-art in mineral-deposit modeling and quantitative resource assessment and to examine their role in the sustainability of mineral use. The workshop will address such questions as: Which of the available mineral-deposit models and assessment methods are best suited for predicting the locations, deposit types, and amounts of undiscovered nonfuel mineral resources remaining in the world? What is the availability of global geologic, mineral deposit, and mineral-exploration information? How can mineral-resource assessments be used to address economic and environmental issues? Presentations will include overviews of assessment methods used in previous national and other small-scale assessments of large regions as well as resulting assessment products and their uses.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02423","usgsCitation":"2002, Agenda, extended abstracts, and bibliographies for a workshop on Deposit modeling, mineral resources assessment, and their role in sustainable development (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-423, 1 CD-ROM : col. ill., col. maps ; 4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02423.","productDescription":"1 CD-ROM : col. ill., col. maps ; 4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4365,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-423/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6891fd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Briskey, Joseph A.","contributorId":77605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briskey","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729053,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schulz, Klaus J. 0000-0003-2967-4765 kschulz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2967-4765","contributorId":2438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"Klaus","email":"kschulz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":729054,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":50558,"text":"ofr02427 - 2002 - Studying the effects of land use on sediment loads, Little Missouri National Grasslands, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T14:17:25","indexId":"ofr02427","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-427","title":"Studying the effects of land use on sediment loads, Little Missouri National Grasslands, North Dakota","docAbstract":"

The Little Missouri National Grasslands in North Dakota were established in 1960 and are publicly owned lands administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service. The grasslands are not solid blocks of National Forest Systems lands but are lands intermingled with other Federal, State, and privately-owned lands. The mixed-ownership pattern creates a unique environmental management arrangement within each grasslands area.

The USDA Forest Service needs to determine how changes in land use affect loss of sediment from the grasslands, especially during periods of high runoff or after a grassland fire. Excessive sediment loss has the potential to destabilize hillslopes and channels by increasing runoff potential, by prohibiting natural revegetation, by changing animal habitation patterns, and by impacting areas farther downslope and downstream of affected areas.

On October 31, 1999, two major grass-land fires occurred in the Little Missouri National Grasslands area. The Squaw Gap Fire affected 51,627 acres and the Rough Creek Fire affected 7,979 acres. Runoff caused substantial erosion when many road ditches and culverts were filled with sediment and some roads were washed out. In order to implement the best management practices within the Little Missouri National Grasslands, the USDA Forest Service will need sediment information related to land-use changes such as burned and unburned areas and grazed and ungrazed areas.

The Little Missouri National Grasslands are located along the Little Missouri River in western North Dakota. The Grasslands are comprised of 1,028,000 acres predominantly in an area of rolling hills, sparsely covered buttes, coulees, woody draws, and badlands. Most of the area is used as rangeland; but, some of the area is cultivated or used for oil and gas development. The Grasslands have semiarid climate with short, warm summers and long, cold winters. The Grasslands receive an average annual precipitation of about 13 to 15 inches, which generally occurs from April through June. Runoff is produced by snowmelt during the spring or by rainfall over individual watersheds during the warmer months. Temperatures have ranged from about -30 degrees Fahrenheit during the winter to over 100 degrees Fahrenheit during the summer. The average growing season is about 125 days.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02427","usgsCitation":"Macek-Rowland, K.M., 2002, Studying the effects of land use on sediment loads, Little Missouri National Grasslands, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-427, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02427.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":176635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4368,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://nd.water.usgs.gov/pubs/ofr/ofr02427/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699c91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Macek-Rowland, Kathleen M.","contributorId":50565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macek-Rowland","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50280,"text":"ofr99505 - 2002 - West-central Florida coastal transect #1: Anclote Key","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-03T19:50:46.46809","indexId":"ofr99505","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-505","title":"West-central Florida coastal transect #1: Anclote Key","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99505","isbn":"0607971576","usgsCitation":"Locker, S.D., Hine, A.C., Davis, R.A., Brooks, G.R., and Guy, K.K., 2002, West-central Florida coastal transect #1: Anclote Key (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-505, HTML Document; CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99505.","productDescription":"HTML Document; CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":391353,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54124.htm"},{"id":4100,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-505/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Anclote Key","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.2667,\n 28.15\n ],\n [\n -82.7833,\n 28.15\n ],\n [\n -82.7833,\n 28.2833\n ],\n [\n -83.2667,\n 28.2833\n ],\n [\n -83.2667,\n 28.15\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f08dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Locker, Stanley D. 0000-0002-8008-0279 slocker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8008-0279","contributorId":63061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locker","given":"Stanley","email":"slocker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hine, A. C.","contributorId":21197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hine","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, R. A.","contributorId":83488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brooks, G. R.","contributorId":96312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Guy, K. K.","contributorId":24393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":50562,"text":"ofr02439 - 2002 - U.S. Geological Survey 2002 petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":50562,"text":"ofr02439 - 2002 - U.S. Geological Survey 2002 petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps","indexId":"ofr02439","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"U.S. Geological Survey 2002 petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":99212,"text":"ofr20111099 - 2011 - 2010 Petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps","indexId":"ofr20111099","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"2010 Petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":99212,"text":"ofr20111099 - 2011 - 2010 Petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps","indexId":"ofr20111099","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"2010 Petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-12T20:20:27.407686","indexId":"ofr02439","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-439","title":"U.S. Geological Survey 2002 petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps","docAbstract":"This report provides digital GIS files of maps for each of the 24 plays evaluated in the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 2002 petroleum resource assessment of the NPRA (Bird and Houseknecht, 2002a). These are the same maps released in pdf format by Bird and Houseknecht (2002b). \r\n\r\nThe USGS released in 2002 a summary of the estimated volume of technically recoverable, undiscovered oil and nonassociated gas resources for 24 plays in NPRA (Bird and Houseknecht, 2002b). The NPRA assessment study area includes Federal and Native onshore land and adjacent State offshore areas. A map showing the areal extent of each play was prepared by USGS geologists as a preliminary step in the assessment process. Boundaries were drawn on the basis of a variety of information, including seismic reflection data, results of previous exploration drilling, and regional patterns of rock properties. Play boundary polygons were captured by digitizing the play maps prepared by USGS geologists. Federal, Native, and State areas were later clipped from the play boundary polygons, allowing for acreages to be calculated for entire plays and for various subareas within plays.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02439","usgsCitation":"Garrity, C.P., Houseknecht, D.W., and Bird, K.J., 2002, U.S. Geological Survey 2002 petroleum resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA): GIS play maps (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-439, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02439.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403557,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52773.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":4371,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/of02-439/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"National Petroleum Reserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -161.88,\n 68.5833\n ],\n [\n -150.8161,\n 68.5833\n ],\n [\n -150.8161,\n 71.39\n ],\n [\n -161.88,\n 71.39\n ],\n [\n -161.88,\n 68.5833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5efd94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garrity, Christopher P. 0000-0002-5565-1818 cgarrity@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5565-1818","contributorId":644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrity","given":"Christopher","email":"cgarrity@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bird, Kenneth J. kbird@usgs.gov","contributorId":1015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbird@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":51130,"text":"ofr02414 - 2002 - Digital data grids for the magnetic anomaly map of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-29T18:19:32.991511","indexId":"ofr02414","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-414","title":"Digital data grids for the magnetic anomaly map of North America","docAbstract":"

The digital magnetic anomaly database and map for the North American continent is the result of a joint effort by the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC), U. S. Geological Survey (USGS), and Consejo de Recursos Minerales of Mexico (CRM). This integrated, readily accessible, modern digital database of magnetic anomaly data is a powerful tool for further evaluation of the structure, geologic processes, and tectonic evolution of the continent and may also be used to help resolve societal and scientific issues that span national boundaries. The North American magnetic anomaly map derived from the digital database provides a comprehensive magnetic view of continental-scale trends not available in individual data sets, helps link widely separated areas of outcrop, and unifies disparate geologic studies.

This open-file report presents three unique, gridded data sets used to make the magnetic anomaly map of North America. Subsets of these three grids that span only the United States were also created, giving a total of six grids. Details on the data processing and compilation procedures used to produce the grids are described in the booklet that accompanies the North American magnetic anomaly map. All three grids have 1-km spacing and are projected to the DNAG projection (spherical transverse mercator, central meridian of 100 o W, base latitude of 0o, scale factor of 0.926 and Earth radius of 6,371,204 m.) More details are given in the metadata files that accompany the gridded data files. These grids are presented in Geosoft binary grid format, with two files describing each of the six grids (suffixes .grd and .gi). This format can be easily converted to numerous other formats using the free conversion software offered by this company at http://www.geosoft.com/.

The first grids (NAmag_origmrg.grd and USmag_origmrg.grd) show the magnetic field at 305 m. above terrain.

For the second grids (NAmag_hp500.grd and USmag_hp500.grd) we removed long-wavelength anomalies (500 km and greater) from the first grid. This grid was used for the published map. Although the North American merged grid represents a significant upgrade to older compilations, the existing patchwork of surveys is inherently unable to accurately represent anomalies with long (greater than roughly 150 km) wavelengths, particularly in the US and Canada (U.S. Magnetic-Anomaly Data Set Task Group, 1994). The lack of information about long wavelength anomalies is primarily related to datum shifts between merged surveys, caused by data acquisition at widely different times and by differences in merging procedures. Therefore, we removed anomalies with wavelengths greater than 500 km from the merged grid to reduce the effects caused by the spurious long wavelengths but still maintain the continuity of anomalies. The correction was accomplished by transforming the merged grid to the frequency domain, filtering the transformed data with a long-wavelength cutoff at 500 km, and subtracting the long-wavelength data grid from the merged grid.
In addition to the 500-km high pass filter, an equivalent source method, based on long-wavelength characterization using satellite data (CHAMP satellite anomalies, Maus and others, 2002), was also used to correct for spurious shifts in the original magnetic anomaly grid (Ravat and others, 2002). These results are presented in the third grids (NAmag_CM.grd and USmag_CM.grd), in which the wavelengths longer than 500 km have been replaced by downward-continued satellite data. The steps used to create the third long-wavelength-corrected grid are:

0. The North American 1-km merged grid was decimated to 5 km.

1. This 5-km grid was converted to a 0.05 degree grid and was low-pass filtered using a Gaussian filter with a 500-km cutoff, then decimated to 1 degree.

2. A joint inversion of this 1-degree low-pass aeromagnetic grid and satellite data, with the aeromagnetic data weighted very low, was used to produce a stabilized downward continuation of the satellite data.

3. The inverted data were interpolated to 0.05 degrees and again low-pass filtered using the same Gaussian 500-km filter to remove short-wavelength artifacts.

4. The low-pass grid from step 1 was subtracted from the original 0.05-degree aeromagnetic grid to create a 500-km high-pass aeromagnetic grid. This grid was added to the low-pass inverted grid from step 3 to get a corrected 0.05-degree aeromagnetic grid.

5. The corrected 0.05-degree aeromagnetic grid was projected to the DNAG projection and regridded to 5 km. This was subtracted from the decimated 5-km aeromagnetic grid to generate a 5-km correction grid. A matched filter was used to remove short-wavelength artifacts resulting from the projection and regridding process.

6. The resulting 5-km correction grid was regridded to the original 1-km grid and subtracted from the original 1-km aeromagnetic grid to generate the final 1-km corrected aeromagnetic grid.

The six grids described in this report are available for download. Two metadata files, one for the North American grids and one for the United States grids, are also included with the gridded data.

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No abstract available.

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No abstract available.

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The digital dataset consists of one file (monterey_100k.iso) containing 2,385 gravity stations. The file, monterey_100k.iso, contains the principal facts of the gravity stations, with one point coded per line. The format of the data is described below.

\n
\n

Each gravity station has a station name, location (latitude and longitude, NAD27 projection), elevation, and an observed gravity reading. The data are on the IGSN71 datum and the reference ellipsoid is the Geodetic Reference System 1967 (GRS67). The free-air gravity anomalies were calculated using standard formulas (Telford and others, 1976). The Bouguer, curvature, and terrain corrections were applied to the free-air anomaly at each station to determine the complete Bouguer gravity anomalies at a reduction density of 2.67 g/cc. An isostatic correction was then applied to remove the long-wavelength effect of deep crustal and/or upper mantle masses that isostatically support regional topography.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02373","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., Stiles, S.R., and Jachens, R., 2002, Isostatic gravity map of the Monterey 30' x 60' quadrangle and adjacent areas, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-373, Map: 60.24 x 36.00 inches; Map: PostScript file; Readme; Metadata; Digital Data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02373.","productDescription":"Map: 60.24 x 36.00 inches; Map: PostScript file; Readme; Metadata; Digital Data","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283896,"rank":6,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02373.jpg"},{"id":283842,"rank":3,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0373/meta-ofr02-373.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":283860,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0373/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283844,"rank":1,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0373/monterey-100k-iso.dec"},{"id":283841,"rank":5,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0373/monterey_readme.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":283843,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0373/pdf/ofr02-373.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.3,36.5 ], [ -122.3,37.0 ], [ -121.0,37.0 ], [ -121.0,36.5 ], [ -122.3,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db666ef6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":243002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stiles, S. R.","contributorId":15516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stiles","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":50284,"text":"ofr99509 - 2002 - West-central Florida coastal transect #5: Treasure Island - Long Key","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-27T22:40:45.933882","indexId":"ofr99509","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-509","title":"West-central Florida coastal transect #5: Treasure Island - Long Key","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99509","isbn":"0607971622","usgsCitation":"Locker, S.D., Davis, R.A., Hine, A.C., Brooks, G.R., and Gelfenbaum, G., 2002, West-central Florida coastal transect #5: Treasure Island - Long Key (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-509, HTML Document; CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99509.","productDescription":"HTML Document; CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":393485,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54128.htm"},{"id":4104,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-509/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Treasure Island - Long Key","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.12393188476562,\n 27.633\n ],\n [\n -82.74971008300781,\n 27.633\n ],\n [\n -82.74971008300781,\n 27.79595810758908\n ],\n [\n -83.12393188476562,\n 27.79595810758908\n ],\n [\n -83.12393188476562,\n 27.633\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4aa8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Locker, Stanley D. 0000-0002-8008-0279 slocker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8008-0279","contributorId":63061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locker","given":"Stanley","email":"slocker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, R. A.","contributorId":83488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hine, A. C.","contributorId":21197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hine","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brooks, G. R.","contributorId":96312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, G.","contributorId":72429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":50286,"text":"ofr99511 - 2002 - West-central Florida coastal transect #7: Longboat Key","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-27T22:56:15.737441","indexId":"ofr99511","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-511","title":"West-central Florida coastal transect #7: Longboat Key","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

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No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99513","isbn":"0607971665","usgsCitation":"Locker, S.D., Hine, A.C., Davis, R.A., Brooks, G.R., and Gelfenbaum, G., 2002, West-central Florida coastal transect #9: Casey Key (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-513, HTML Document; CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99513.","productDescription":"HTML Document; CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393533,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54132.htm"},{"id":162031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4108,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-513/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Casey Key","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.08135986328124,\n 26.765230565697482\n ],\n [\n -82.42767333984375,\n 26.765230565697482\n ],\n [\n -82.42767333984375,\n 27.051787740992335\n ],\n [\n -83.08135986328124,\n 27.051787740992335\n ],\n [\n -83.08135986328124,\n 26.765230565697482\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0858","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Locker, Stanley D. 0000-0002-8008-0279 slocker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8008-0279","contributorId":63061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locker","given":"Stanley","email":"slocker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hine, A. C.","contributorId":21197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hine","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, R. A.","contributorId":83488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brooks, G. R.","contributorId":96312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, G.","contributorId":72429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":50581,"text":"ofr02486 - 2002 - Six aeromagnetic surveys in California, Nevada, and Arizona: A web site for distribution of data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-23T19:22:11.052269","indexId":"ofr02486","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-486","title":"Six aeromagnetic surveys in California, Nevada, and Arizona: A web site for distribution of data","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02486","usgsCitation":"Sweeney, R.E., 2002, Six aeromagnetic surveys in California, Nevada, and Arizona: A web site for distribution of data (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-486, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02486.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176228,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4386,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-486/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":411006,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_53915.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.19840587792669,\n 32.65972356027771\n ],\n [\n -114.77649485696787,\n 32.78440868922672\n ],\n [\n -114.76704173191217,\n 32.29515831124891\n ],\n [\n -111.58132890049089,\n 31.446851864352496\n ],\n [\n -111.41118395947254,\n 33.63249693755691\n ],\n [\n -114.16998849122137,\n 37.20156910878687\n ],\n [\n -114.15055218923436,\n 39.007240520404224\n ],\n [\n -120.5545102028112,\n 36.47094753726327\n ],\n [\n -121.14128390435036,\n 34.98201019650729\n ],\n [\n -120.46372190557705,\n 34.3550604691503\n ],\n [\n -118.81268607971322,\n 34.22341099986487\n ],\n [\n -117.90249507234427,\n 33.30883616198162\n ],\n [\n -117.19840587792669,\n 32.65972356027771\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f15ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sweeney, Ronald E.","contributorId":89564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweeney","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50575,"text":"ofr02469 - 2002 - Evaluation of airborne image data and LIDAR main stem data for monitoring physical resources within the Colorado River ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-13T10:10:34","indexId":"ofr02469","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-469","title":"Evaluation of airborne image data and LIDAR main stem data for monitoring physical resources within the Colorado River ecosystem","docAbstract":"

This study evaluated near-infrared LIDAR data acquired over the main-stem channel at four long-term monitoring sites within the Colorado River ecosystem (CRE) to determine the ability of these data to provide reliable indications in changes in water elevation over time. Our results indicate that there is a good correlation between the LIDAR water-surface elevations and ground measurements of water-edge elevation, but there are also inherent errors in the LIDAR data. The elevation errors amount to about 50 cm and therefore temporal changes in water-surface elevation that exceed this value by the majority of data at a particular location can be deemed significant or real.

\n
\n

This study also evaluated airborne image data for producing photogrammetric elevation data and for automated mapping of sand bars and debris flows within the CRE. The photogrammetric analyses show that spatial resolutions of ≤ 10 cm are required to produce vertical accuracies < 20 cm and that digitally acquired data cannot yet support this monitoring requirement. The mapping analyses indicate that CIR image data are far superior to true-color and panchromatic image data in mapping sand bars and debris flows. The analyses also show that the CIR color information provide almost as much mapping capability as do the combination of CIR color and CIR image texture. Therefore, CIR image data should always be given preference in image data collections, not only for the physical resource program, but also for the biologic resource program.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02469","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., Rosiek, M.R., and Galuszka, D.M., 2002, Evaluation of airborne image data and LIDAR main stem data for monitoring physical resources within the Colorado River ecosystem: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-469, Report: PDF, 35 p.; Report: TXT, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02469.","productDescription":"Report: PDF, 35 p.; Report: TXT","numberOfPages":"35","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":176011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4383,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0469/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":283913,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0469/pdf/of02-469.pdf"},{"id":283914,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0469/of02-469.txt"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.1505,35.2274 ], [ -114.1505,37.1516 ], [ -110.9985,37.1516 ], [ -110.9985,35.2274 ], [ -114.1505,35.2274 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625902","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":241876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosiek, Mark R. mrosiek@usgs.gov","contributorId":824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosiek","given":"Mark","email":"mrosiek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":241877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galuszka, Donna M. 0000-0003-1870-1182 dgaluszka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1870-1182","contributorId":3186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galuszka","given":"Donna","email":"dgaluszka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":50563,"text":"ofr02450 - 2002 - Reconnaissance shallow seismic investigation of depth-to-bedrock and possible methane-bearing coalbeds, Galena, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:15","indexId":"ofr02450","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-450","title":"Reconnaissance shallow seismic investigation of depth-to-bedrock and possible methane-bearing coalbeds, Galena, Alaska","docAbstract":"A reconnaissance shallow seismic reflection/refraction investigation in and around the city of Galena, Alaska suggests that Tertiary and/or Cretaceous bedrock, and possible coalbeds within the Cretaceous, is at least as deep as 550 feet in the immediate vicinity of town. Rock could be deeper than 1000 feet under alternate interpretations. Reflections recorded in these data are believed to be from the sediment/bedrock interface. Analysis of these reflections and associated refractions indicates that this interface, interpreted at most of the six profile locations, has a high seismic velocity, possibly indicating non-sedimentary rock (e.g. volcanic or igneous).","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02450","usgsCitation":"Stephenson, W.J., Williams, R., Odum, J.K., Worley, D.M., Barker, C., Clark, A.C., and Clough, J.G., 2002, Reconnaissance shallow seismic investigation of depth-to-bedrock and possible methane-bearing coalbeds, Galena, Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-450, 36 p., illus. incl. sects., 2 tables, sketch map, 7 refs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02450.","productDescription":"36 p., illus. incl. sects., 2 tables, sketch map, 7 refs","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4372,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-450/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db6367c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephenson, William J. 0000-0001-8699-0786 wstephens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-0786","contributorId":695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"William","email":"wstephens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Robert A. rawilliams@usgs.gov","contributorId":1357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Robert A.","email":"rawilliams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":301,"text":"Geologic Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":241834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Odum, Jack K. 0000-0002-3162-0355","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3162-0355","contributorId":97900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Worley, David M. worley@usgs.gov","contributorId":947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worley","given":"David","email":"worley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":241833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barker, Charles E.","contributorId":93070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"Charles E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Clark, Arthur C. aclark@usgs.gov","contributorId":2320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Arthur","email":"aclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":241835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Clough, James G.","contributorId":67152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clough","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":50564,"text":"ofr02451 - 2002 - Modeling GPR data to interpret porosity and DNAPL saturations for calibration of a 3-D multiphase flow simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:15","indexId":"ofr02451","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-451","title":"Modeling GPR data to interpret porosity and DNAPL saturations for calibration of a 3-D multiphase flow simulation","docAbstract":"Dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) are a pervasive and persistent category of groundwater contamination. In an effort to better understand their unique subsurface behavior, a controlled and carefully monitored injection of PCE (perchloroethylene), a typical DNAPL, was performed in conjunction with the University of Waterloo at Canadian Forces Base Borden in 1991. Of the various geophysical methods used to monitor the migration of injected PCE, the U.S. Geological Survey collected 500-MHz ground penetrating radar (GPR) data. These data are used in determining calibration parameters for a multiphase flow simulation. GPR data were acquired over time on a fixed two-dimensional surficial grid as the DNAPL was injected into the subsurface. Emphasis is on the method of determining DNAPL saturation values from this time-lapse GPR data set. Interactive full-waveform GPR modeling of regularized field traces resolves relative dielectric permittivity versus depth profiles for pre-injection and later-time data. Modeled values are end members in recursive calculations of the Bruggeman-Hanai-Sen (BHS) mixing formula, yielding interpreted pre-injection porosity and post-injection DNAPL saturation values. The resulting interpreted physical properties of porosity and DNAPL saturation of the Borden test cell, defined on a grid spacing of 50 cm with 1-cm depth resolution, are used as observations for calibration of a 3-D multiphase flow simulation. Calculated values of DNAPL saturation in the subsurface at 14 and 22 hours after the start of injection, from both the GPR and the multiphase flow modeling, are interpolated volumetrically and presented for visual comparison.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02451","usgsCitation":"Sneddon, K.W., Powers, M.H., Johnson, R.H., and Poeter, E.P., 2002, Modeling GPR data to interpret porosity and DNAPL saturations for calibration of a 3-D multiphase flow simulation (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-451, 29 p., illus. incl. 2 tables, 53 refs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02451.","productDescription":"29 p., illus. incl. 2 tables, 53 refs","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176833,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4373,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-451/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699a4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sneddon, Kristen W.","contributorId":82783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sneddon","given":"Kristen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powers, Michael H. 0000-0002-4480-7856 mhpowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4480-7856","contributorId":851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"Michael","email":"mhpowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Raymond H. rhjohnso@usgs.gov","contributorId":707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Raymond","email":"rhjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":241839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poeter, Eileen P.","contributorId":78805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poeter","given":"Eileen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":50565,"text":"ofr02452 - 2002 - Aeromagnetic data centered over Skelton Neve, Antarctica; a web site for distribution of data and maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-20T11:03:16.26602","indexId":"ofr02452","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-452","title":"Aeromagnetic data centered over Skelton Neve, Antarctica; a web site for distribution of data and maps","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02452","usgsCitation":"Damaske, D., Finn, C.A., Moeller, H., Demosthenous, C., and Anderson, E., 2002, Aeromagnetic data centered over Skelton Neve, Antarctica; a web site for distribution of data and maps (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-452, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02452.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175488,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4375,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-452/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica, Skelton Glacier, Skelton Névé","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -195.3096441784951,\n -72.82999321828831\n ],\n [\n -195.3096441784951,\n -75.0113975808991\n ],\n [\n -188.76203869788844,\n -75.0113975808991\n ],\n [\n -188.76203869788844,\n -72.82999321828831\n ],\n [\n -195.3096441784951,\n -72.82999321828831\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db6984b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Damaske, D.","contributorId":66771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Damaske","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finn, Carol A. 0000-0002-6178-0405 cfinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":1326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Carol","email":"cfinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moeller, H.D.","contributorId":29049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moeller","given":"H.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Demosthenous, C.","contributorId":49438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demosthenous","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, E. D. 0000-0002-0138-6166","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-6166","contributorId":104561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"E. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":50572,"text":"ofr02463 - 2002 - Rationale and operational plan to upgrade the U.S. gravity database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-23T16:56:13.806032","indexId":"ofr02463","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-463","title":"Rationale and operational plan to upgrade the U.S. gravity database","docAbstract":"

A concerted effort is underway to prepare a substantially upgraded digital gravity anomaly database for the United States and to make this data set and associated usage tools available on the internet. This joint effort, spearheaded by the geophysics groups at the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA), University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), is an outgrowth of the new geoscientific community initiative called Geoinformatics (www.geoinformaticsnetwork.org). This dominantly geospatial initiative reflects the realization by Earth scientists that existing information systems and techniques are inadequate to address the many complex scientific and societal issues. Currently, inadequate standardization and chaotic distribution of geoscience data, inadequate accompanying documentation, and the lack of easy-to-use access tools and computer codes for analysis are major obstacles for scientists, government agencies, and educators. An example of the type of activities envisioned, within the context of Geoinformatics, is the construction, maintenance, and growth of a public domain gravity database and development of the software tools needed to access, implement, and expand it. This product is far more than a high quality database; it is a complete data system for a specific type of geophysical measurement that includes, for example, tools to manipulate the data and tutorials to understand and properly utilize the data. On August 9, 2002, twenty-one scientists from the federal, private and academic sectors met at a workshop to discuss the rationale for upgrading both the United States and North American gravity databases (including offshore regions) and, more importantly, to begin developing an operational plan to effectively create a new gravity data system. We encourage anyone interested in contributing data or participating in this effort to contact G.R. Keller or T.G. Hildenbrand.

\n
\n

This workshop was the first step in building a web-based data system for sharing quality gravity data and methodology, and it builds on existing collaborative efforts. This compilation effort will result in significant additions to and major refinement of the U.S. database that is currently released publicly by NOAA’s National Geophysical Data Center and will also include an additional objective to substantially upgrade the North American database, released over 15 years ago (Committee for the Gravity Anomaly Map of North America, 1987).

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02463","usgsCitation":"Hildenbrand, T.G., Briesacher, A., Flanagan, G., Hinze, W.J., Hittelman, A.M., Keller, G.R., Kucks, R., Plouff, D., Roest, W., Seeley, J., Stith, D.A., and Webring, M., 2002, Rationale and operational plan to upgrade the U.S. gravity database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-463, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02463.","productDescription":"12 p.","numberOfPages":"14","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":176703,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02463.jpg"},{"id":283910,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0463/pdf/of02-463.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":283909,"rank":2,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0463/of02-463.txt"},{"id":4380,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0463/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6487f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildenbrand, Thomas G.","contributorId":61787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briesacher, Allen","contributorId":89963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briesacher","given":"Allen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flanagan, Guy","contributorId":71624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flanagan","given":"Guy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hinze, William J.","contributorId":102945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinze","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hittelman, A. M.","contributorId":39854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hittelman","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Keller, Gordon R.","contributorId":90280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kucks, R.P.","contributorId":53758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kucks","given":"R.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Plouff, Donald","contributorId":94657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plouff","given":"Donald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Roest, Walter","contributorId":83555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roest","given":"Walter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Seeley, John","contributorId":18054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seeley","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Stith, David A.","contributorId":86418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stith","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Webring, Mike","contributorId":41075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webring","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":50554,"text":"ofr02422 - 2002 - Levi Noble; geologist; his life and contributions to understanding the geology of Death Valley, the Grand Canyon, and the San Andreas Fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:15","indexId":"ofr02422","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-422","title":"Levi Noble; geologist; his life and contributions to understanding the geology of Death Valley, the Grand Canyon, and the San Andreas Fault","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02422","usgsCitation":"Wright, L., and Troxel, B.W., 2002, Levi Noble; geologist; his life and contributions to understanding the geology of Death Valley, the Grand Canyon, and the San Andreas Fault (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-422, p. 38, illus. incl. sects., strat. col., geol. sketch map, 45 refs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02422.","productDescription":"p. 38, illus. incl. sects., strat. col., geol. sketch map, 45 refs","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4364,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-422/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5543","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Lauren A.","contributorId":33760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Lauren A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troxel, Bennie W.","contributorId":42092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troxel","given":"Bennie","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":50576,"text":"ofr02470 - 2002 - Evaluation of airborne image data for mapping riparian vegetation within the Grand Canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-13T10:20:12","indexId":"ofr02470","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-470","title":"Evaluation of airborne image data for mapping riparian vegetation within the Grand Canyon","docAbstract":"

This study examined various types of remote-sensing data that have been acquired during a 12-month period over a portion of the Colorado River corridor to determine the type of data and conditions for data acquisition that provide the optimum classification results for mapping riparian vegetation. Issues related to vegetation mapping included time of year, number and positions of wavelength bands, and spatial resolution for data acquisition to produce accurate vegetation maps versus cost of data. Image data considered in the study consisted of scanned color-infrared (CIR) film, digital CIR, and digital multispectral data, whose resolutions from 11 cm (photographic film) to 100 cm (multispectral), that were acquired during the Spring, Summer, and Fall seasons in 2000 for five long-term monitoring sites containing riparian vegetation. Results show that digitally acquired data produce higher and more consistent classification accuracies for mapping vegetation units than do film products. The highest accuracies were obtained from nine-band multispectral data; however, a four-band subset of these data, that did not include short-wave infrared bands, produced comparable mapping results. The four-band subset consisted of the wavelength bands 0.52-0.59 µm, 0.59-0.62 µm, 0.67-0.72 µm, and 0.73-0.85 µm. Use of only three of these bands that simulate digital CIR sensors produced accuracies for several vegetation units that were 10% lower than those obtained using the full multispectral data set. Classification tests using band ratios produced lower accuracies than those using band reflectance for scanned film data; a result attributed to the relatively poor radiometric fidelity maintained by the film scanning process, whereas calibrated multispectral data produced similar classification accuracies using band reflectance and band ratios. This suggests that the intrinsic band reflectance of the vegetation is more important than inter-band reflectance differences in attaining high mapping accuracies. These results also indicate that radiometrically calibrated sensors that record a wide range of radiance produce superior results and that such sensors should be used for monitoring purposes.

\n
\n

When texture (spatial variance) at near-infrared wavelength is combined with spectral data in classification, accuracy increased most markedly (20-30%) for the highest resolution (11-cm) CIR film data, but decreased in its effect on accuracy in lower-resolution multi-spectral image data; a result observed in previous studies (Franklin and McDermid 1993, Franklin et al. 2000, 2001). While many classification unit accuracies obtained from the 11-cm film CIR band with texture data were in fact higher than those produced using the 100-cm, nine-band multispectral data with texture, the 11-cm film CIR data produced much lower accuracies than the 100-cm multispectral data for the more sparsely populated vegetation units due to saturation of picture elements during the film scanning process in vegetation units with a high proportion of alluvium. Overall classification accuracies obtained from spectral band and texture data range from 36% to 78% for all databases considered, from 57% to 71% for the 11-cm film CIR data, and from 54% to 78% for the 100-cm multispectral data. Classification results obtained from 20-cm film CIR band and texture data, which were produced by applying a Gaussian filter to the 11-cm film CIR data, showed increases in accuracy due to texture that were similar to those observed using the original 11-cm film CIR data. This suggests that data can be collected at the lower resolution and still retain the added power of vegetation texture. Classification accuracies for the riparian vegetation units examined in this study do not appear to be influenced by season of data acquisition, although data acquired under direct sunlight produced higher overall accuracies than data acquired under overcast conditions. The latter observation, in addition to the importance of band reflectance for classification, implies that data should be acquired near summer solstice when sun elevation and reflectance is highest and when shadows cast by steep canyon walls are minimized.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02470","usgsCitation":"Davis, P.A., Staid, M.I., Plescia, J.B., and Johnson, J., 2002, Evaluation of airborne image data for mapping riparian vegetation within the Grand Canyon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-470, Report: PDF, 65 p.; Report: TXT, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02470.","productDescription":"Report: PDF, 65 p.; Report: TXT","numberOfPages":"65","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4384,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0470/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":176012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02470.jpg"},{"id":283915,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0470/pdf/of02-470.pdf"},{"id":283916,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0470/of02-470.txt"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River;Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.1505,35.2274 ], [ -114.1505,37.1516 ], [ -110.9985,37.1516 ], [ -110.9985,35.2274 ], [ -114.1505,35.2274 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faeab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Philip A. pdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Philip","email":"pdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":241879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Staid, Matthew I.","contributorId":79761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staid","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plescia, Jeffrey B.","contributorId":48995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plescia","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Jeffrey R.","contributorId":71688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Jeffrey R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":50549,"text":"ofr02415 - 2002 - Managing and protecting aggregate resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:15","indexId":"ofr02415","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-415","title":"Managing and protecting aggregate resources","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02415","usgsCitation":"Langer, W.H., 2002, Managing and protecting aggregate resources (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-415, 15 p., 55 refs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02415.","productDescription":"15 p., 55 refs","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4359,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-415/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ab58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langer, William H. blanger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"William","email":"blanger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":241778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50539,"text":"ofr02401 - 2002 - Preliminary report on mercury geochemistry of placer gold dredge tailings, sediments, bedrock, and waters in the Clear Creek restoration area, Shasta County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-23T16:54:23.110067","indexId":"ofr02401","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-401","title":"Preliminary report on mercury geochemistry of placer gold dredge tailings, sediments, bedrock, and waters in the Clear Creek restoration area, Shasta County, California","docAbstract":"Clear Creek, one of the major tributaries of the upper Sacramento River, drains the eastern Trinity Mountains. Alluvial plain and terrace gravels of lower Clear Creek, at the northwest edge of the Sacramento Valley, contain placer gold that has been mined since the Gold Rush by various methods including dredging. In addition, from the 1950s to the 1980s aggregate-mining operations removed gravel from the lower Clear Creek flood plain. \n\nSince Clear Creek is an important stream for salmon production, a habitat restoration program is underway to repair damage from mining and improve conditions for spawning. This program includes using dredge tailings to fill in gravel pits in the flood plain, raising the concern that mercury lost to these tailings in the gold recovery process may be released and become available to biota. The purposes of our study are to determine concentrations and speciation of mercury in sediments, tailings, and water in the lower Clear Creek area, and to determine its mobility. \n\nMercury concentrations in bedrock and unmined gravels both within and above the mined area are low, and are taken to represent background concentrations. Bulk mercury values in flood-plain sediments and dry tailings are elevated to several times these background concentrations. Mercury in sediments and tailings is associated with fine size fractions. Although methylmercury levels are generally low in sediments, shallow ponds in the flood plain may have above-normal methylation potential. \n\nStream waters in the area show low mercury and methylmercury levels. Ponds with elevated methylmercury in sediments have more methylmercury in their waters as well. One seep in the area is highly saline, and enriched in mercury, lithium, and boron, similar to connate waters that are expelled along thrust faults to the south on the west side of the Sacramento Valley. This occurrence suggests that mercury in waters may at least in part be from sources other than placer mining.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02401","usgsCitation":"Ashley, R.P., Rytuba, J.J., Rogers, R., Kotlyar, B.B., and Lawler, D., 2002, Preliminary report on mercury geochemistry of placer gold dredge tailings, sediments, bedrock, and waters in the Clear Creek restoration area, Shasta County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-401, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02401.","productDescription":"47 p.","numberOfPages":"47","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178431,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02401.jpg"},{"id":283895,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0401/pdf/of02-401.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":4351,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0401/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Shasta County","otherGeospatial":"Clear Creek restoration area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.6379,40.1565 ], [ -122.6379,41.4365 ], [ -121.3579,41.4365 ], [ -121.3579,40.1565 ], [ -122.6379,40.1565 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66ca3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ashley, Roger P. ashley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashley","given":"Roger","email":"ashley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":241737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rytuba, James J. jrytuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":3043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"James","email":"jrytuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogers, Ronald","contributorId":40277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kotlyar, Boris B.","contributorId":35376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kotlyar","given":"Boris","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lawler, David","contributorId":11278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawler","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":50545,"text":"ofr02408 - 2002 - Archive of boomer seismic reflection data collected during USGS field activities 01ASR01, 01ASR02, 02ASR01, and 02ASR02, Miami, Florida, November 2001–January 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T19:35:11.485736","indexId":"ofr02408","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-408","title":"Archive of boomer seismic reflection data collected during USGS field activities 01ASR01, 01ASR02, 02ASR01, and 02ASR02, Miami, Florida, November 2001–January 2002","docAbstract":"This appendix consists of two-dimensional marine seismic reflection profile\n\n data collected in canals in the Lake Belt Area of Miami, Florida. These\n\n data were acquired in November and December of 2001 and January and\n\n February of 2002 using a 4.9-m (16-ft) jonboat. The data are available in\n\n a variety of formats, including binary, ASCII, HTML, shapefiles, and GIF\n\n images. Binary data are in Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG)\n\n SEG-Y format and may be downloaded for further processing or display. The\n\n SEG-Y data files are too large to fit on one CD-ROM, so they have been\n\n distributed onto two CD-ROMs as explained below. Reference maps and GIF\n\n images of the profiles may be viewed with your web browser. The GIS\n\n information provided is compatible with ESRI's GIS software. A\n\n reconnaissance test line (02ASR02-02b02) was collected northwest of the\n\n survey area during Field Activity 02ASR02 for possible use in a future\n\n project. 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Following the publication of high-resolution multibeam echosounder (MBES) images and data of the Flower Gardens area of the northwest Gulf of Mexico outer continental shelf (Gardner et al., 1998), the Flower Gardens Banks National Marine Sanctuary (FGBNMS) and the Minerals Management Service (MMS) have been interested in additional MBES data in the area. A coalition of FGBNMS, MMS, and the US Geological Survey (USGS) was formed to map additional areas of interest in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico in 2002. The areas were chosen by personnel of the FGBNMS and the choice of MBES was made by the USGS. MMS and FGBNMS funded the mapping and the USGS organized the ship and multibeam systems through a Cooperative Agreement between the USGS and the University of New Brunswick.

\n
\n

The University of New Brunswick (UNB) contracted the RV Ocean Surveyor and the EM1000 MBES system from C&C Technologies, Inc., Lafayette, LA. C&C personnel oversaw data collection whereas UNB personnel conducted the cruise and processed all the data. USGS personnel were responsible for the overall cruise including the final data processing and digital map products.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02410","collaboration":"Conducted under a Cooperative Agreement with the Ocean Mapping Group, University of New Brunswick, Canada","usgsCitation":"Beaudoin, J.D., Gardner, J.V., and Clarke, J.E., 2002, RV Ocean Surveyor Cruise O1-02-GM; bathymetry and acoustic backscatter of selected areas of the Outer Continental Shelf, northwestern Gulf of Mexico; June 8, through June 28, 2002; Iberia, LA to Iberia, LA: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-410, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02410.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":175948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr02410.jpg"},{"id":283904,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0410/intro.html","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":403870,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52709.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":4357,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0410/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.6167,\n 27.7833\n ],\n [\n -91.5667,\n 27.7833\n ],\n [\n -91.5667,\n 28.3667\n ],\n [\n -93.6167,\n 28.3667\n ],\n [\n -93.6167,\n 27.7833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649f49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beaudoin, Jonathan D.","contributorId":71436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beaudoin","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":18889,"text":"University of New Brunswick","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":241770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, James V.","contributorId":93035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clarke, John E. 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A coalition of FGBNMS, MMS, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) was formed to map additional areas of interest in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico (fig. 1) in 2002. FGBNMS chose the survey areas, and the USGS chose the MBES. MMS and FGBNMS funded the mapping, and the USGS organized the ship and multibeam systems through a cooperative agreement between the USGS and the University of New Brunswick. The objective of the cruise was to map 12 regions of interest to MMS and the FGBNMS, including Alderdice, Sonnier, Geyer, Bright, Rankin (1 and 2), Jakkula, McNeil, Bouma, McGrail, Rezak, and Sidner Banks.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02411","usgsCitation":"Gardner, J.V., Beaudoin, J.D., Hughes Clarke, J.E., and Dartnell, P., 2002, Multibeam mapping of selected areas of the outer continental shelf, northwestern Gulf of Mexico: Data, images, and GIS: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-411, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02411.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":176187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2002_411.BMP"},{"id":410898,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52710.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":257695,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0411","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.6167,\n 28.3667\n ],\n [\n -93.6167,\n 27.7833\n ],\n [\n -91.5667,\n 27.7833\n ],\n [\n -91.5667,\n 28.3667\n ],\n [\n -93.6167,\n 28.3667\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b485d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, James V.","contributorId":93035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beaudoin, Jonathan D.","contributorId":71436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beaudoin","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":18889,"text":"University of New Brunswick","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":241775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hughes Clarke, John E.","contributorId":58676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hughes Clarke","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dartnell, Peter 0000-0002-9554-729X pdartnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9554-729X","contributorId":2688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Peter","email":"pdartnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}