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,{"id":67979,"text":"ha266 - 1967 - Availability of water in eastern Saunders County, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-13T09:32:42","indexId":"ha266","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"266","title":"Availability of water in eastern Saunders County, Nebraska","docAbstract":"<p>The sand and gravel deposits of Quaternary age constitute the most important ground-water reservoir and are the source of nearly all the water pumped from wells in the area. An estimated 3.5 million acre-feet for good quality water is stored in these deposits and an additional 1.5 million acre-feet is stored in the underlying Dakota Sandstone. Even larger quantities are stored at greater depths in the Paleozoic dolomites and sandstones, but the water is of poorer quality.&nbsp;</p><p>Pumpage for irrigation since 1956 is estimated to have ranged from about 2,500 acre-feet (1962) to about 6,000 acre-feet (1957). The town of Wahoo annually pumps about 460 acre-feet, and other towns pump an estimated total of 180 acre-feet. In 1963 the City of Lincoln pumped 27,000 acre-feet from its well field alongside the Platte River in the southeast corner of the area; since then pumpage has increased and probably is likely to continue to do so. Pumping at Lincoln city well field induces recharge from Platte River.</p><p>The quantity of ground water pumped to date is very small compared to the amount of water stored in the rocks. Furthermore, most of the ground water withdrawn has been replaced by infiltrating precipitation and by influent seepage from the Platte River. The large quantity of ground water in storage in addition to the flow of the Platte River indicates that the water resources of the area, if managed properly, can be developed much more extensively without appreciably depleting the supply.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ha266","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Conservation and Survey Division of the University of Nebraska","usgsCitation":"Souders, V.L., 1967, Availability of water in eastern Saunders County, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 266, Plate: 51.95 x 34.79 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha266.","productDescription":"Plate: 51.95 x 34.79 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":89215,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/266/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":186138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/266/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"125000","country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","county":"Saunders County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.95297241210938,\n              41.01202954845378\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.30889892578125,\n              41.01202954845378\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.30889892578125,\n              41.447873389865194\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.95297241210938,\n              41.447873389865194\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.95297241210938,\n              41.01202954845378\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d5cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Souders, Vernon L.","contributorId":95145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Souders","given":"Vernon","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":52614,"text":"ofr67179 - 1967 - Potential applications of nuclear explosives in development and management of water-resources - Principles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:41","indexId":"ofr67179","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"67-179","title":"Potential applications of nuclear explosives in development and management of water-resources - Principles","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr67179","usgsCitation":"Piper, A.M., and Stead, F., 1967, Potential applications of nuclear explosives in development and management of water-resources - Principles: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 67-179, 117 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr67179.","productDescription":"117 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68390f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piper, A. M.","contributorId":102865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piper","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stead, F.W.","contributorId":42653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stead","given":"F.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":67909,"text":"ha241 - 1967 - Water resources of the Roseau River Watershed, Northwestern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T12:08:38","indexId":"ha241","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"241","title":"Water resources of the Roseau River Watershed, Northwestern Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>The drainage area of the Roseau River consists of 2,060 square miles above its confluence with the Red River of the North. About 1,150 square miles lie in the United States and 910 square miles in Canada. This report deals only with that portion within the United States, except for a detailed analysis of low flow characteristics of tributary streams.</p>\n<p>Most of the area is within Roseau County, but small portions are in Marshall, Beltrami, Lake of the Woods, and Kittson Counties. Most of the watershed has little relief, and lies entirely within the plain of former Glacial Lake Agassiz. However, the flat topography of this lake washed till plain is broken by beach ridges in its southwestern part and Beltrami Island, a topographic high underlain by sand, in tis southeastern part.</p>\n<p>Population within the watershed is about 8000. The town of Roseau, the largest community, has a population of 2146 (1960).</p>\n<p>The watershed has an agricultural economy. Spring wheat, oats, and bluegrass seed are the three most important crops in the area, but many other small grains, legumes, and grasses are also grown. Dairy farming and sheep raising are the most important types of livestock production and for many farms stock is the major sources of income.</p>\n<p>Large areas of the watershed are peat lands, covered with shrubs, marsh grasslands, and spruce, tamarack, and cedar trees. Forest vegetation in the remainder of the area is largely aspen, but oak is common on the beach ridges and jack pine is common on Beltrami Island.</p>\n<p>Outdoor recreation in the area is primarily hunting of deer, small game, and waterfowl.</p>\n<p>This report is a general appraisal of the water resources in the Roseau River watershed unit. Detailed studies of water movement through the ground-water reservoir are needed for more exact determination of the amount of water immediately available and the specific effects of water-management practices.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/ha241","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Conservation Division of Waters","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., Maclay, R., and Pike, G., 1967, Water resources of the Roseau River Watershed, Northwestern Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 241, 6 Plates: 35.5 x 39.0 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha241.","productDescription":"6 Plates: 35.5 x 39.0 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":189360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":89100,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/241/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":89099,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/241/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":89101,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/241/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":89102,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/241/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":89103,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/241/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":89104,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/241/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Roseau River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.75,\n              49\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.75,\n              48.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.07,\n              48.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.07,\n              48.45\n            ],\n            [\n              -95,\n              48.45\n            ],\n            [\n              -95,\n              48.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.375,\n              48.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.375,\n              49\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.75,\n              49\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0360","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maclay, R.W.","contributorId":72804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maclay","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pike, G.M.","contributorId":80359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pike","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":58076,"text":"wdrCO661 - 1967 - Water Resources Data for Colorado, 1966; Part 1: Surface Water Records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:28","indexId":"wdrCO661","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CO-66-1","title":"Water Resources Data for Colorado, 1966; Part 1: Surface Water Records","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrCO661","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1967, Water Resources Data for Colorado, 1966; Part 1: Surface Water Records: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CO-66-1, 383 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCO661.","productDescription":"383 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":183617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1966/co-66-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":88316,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1966/co-66-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b004","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":533200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":41779,"text":"ofr67255 - 1967 - Aeromagnetic map of part of the Wonder quadrangle, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:28","indexId":"ofr67255","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"67-255","title":"Aeromagnetic map of part of the Wonder quadrangle, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr67255","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1967, Aeromagnetic map of part of the Wonder quadrangle, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 67-255, 1 map, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr67255.","productDescription":"1 map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":79489,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1967/0255/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697726","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":530616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":67568,"text":"i514B - 1967 - Engineering geology of the Northeast Corridor, Washington, D.C. to Boston, Massachusetts: Coastal plain and surficial geology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-03T22:22:32.617498","indexId":"i514B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"514","chapter":"B","title":"Engineering geology of the Northeast Corridor, Washington, D.C. to Boston, Massachusetts: Coastal plain and surficial geology","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i514B","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1967, Engineering geology of the Northeast Corridor, Washington, D.C. to Boston, Massachusetts: Coastal plain and surficial geology: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 514, 8 Plates: 38.00 × 45.93 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i514B.","productDescription":"8 Plates: 38.00 × 45.93 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":189688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":392483,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_1257.htm"},{"id":260913,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0514b/plate-8.pdf"},{"id":260912,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0514b/plate-7.pdf"},{"id":260911,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0514b/plate-6.pdf"},{"id":260910,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0514b/plate-5.pdf"},{"id":260909,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0514b/plate-4.pdf"},{"id":260908,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0514b/plate-3.pdf"},{"id":260907,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0514b/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":260906,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/0514b/plate-1.pdf"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Northeast Corridor","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.51953125,\n              38.736946065676\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.6201171875,\n              38.736946065676\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.6201171875,\n              42.56926437219384\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.51953125,\n              42.56926437219384\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.51953125,\n              38.736946065676\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602727","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":4701,"text":"twri07A - 1967 - Instructions for using the punchcard system for the storage and retrieval of ground-water data.  (NOTE: This publication is no longer maintained, USGS Library still has a copy)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:31","indexId":"twri07A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"7","chapter":"A","title":"Instructions for using the punchcard system for the storage and retrieval of ground-water data.  (NOTE: This publication is no longer maintained, USGS Library still has a copy)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/twri07A","issn":"0565-596X","usgsCitation":"Lang, S.M., and Leonard, A.R., 1967, Instructions for using the punchcard system for the storage and retrieval of ground-water data.  (NOTE: This publication is no longer maintained, USGS Library still has a copy) (1967): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 7, 1 v. (various pagings) :ill. ;26 cm. - No longer maintained, Library holds a copy, https://doi.org/10.3133/twri07A.","productDescription":"1 v. (various pagings) :ill. ;26 cm. - No longer maintained, Library holds a copy","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"1967","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e58fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lang, Solomon Max","contributorId":17471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lang","given":"Solomon","email":"","middleInitial":"Max","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leonard, Alvin Riley","contributorId":102048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leonard","given":"Alvin","email":"","middleInitial":"Riley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2174,"text":"wsp1834 - 1967 - Geology and ground-water resources of Laramie County, Wyoming","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":52033,"text":"ofr4995 - 1949 - Progress report on the geology and ground-water resources of the Cheyenne area, Wyoming","indexId":"ofr4995","publicationYear":"1949","noYear":false,"title":"Progress report on the geology and ground-water resources of the Cheyenne area, Wyoming"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2174,"text":"wsp1834 - 1967 - Geology and ground-water resources of Laramie County, Wyoming","indexId":"wsp1834","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Laramie County, Wyoming"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-01T22:54:13.04712","indexId":"wsp1834","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1834","title":"Geology and ground-water resources of Laramie County, Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p>Laramie County, an area of 2,709 square miles, is in the southeast corner of Wyoming. Rocks exposed there range in age from Precambrian to Recent. The most extensive aquifers in the county are the White River Formation of Oligocene age, which is as much as 500 feet thick and consists predominantly of siltstone ; the Arikaree Formation of Miocene age, which consists of as much as 450 feet of very fine grained to fine-grained sandstone; and the Ogallala Formation of Miocene and Pliocene age, which consists ,of as much as 330 feet of gravel, sand, silt, and some cobbles and boulders. These formations are capable of yielding large ,supplies of water locally. Terrace deposits of Quaternary age yield moderate .to large supplies of water in the southeastern and northeastern parts of the county. In the Federal well field, large yields of water from the White River Formation are obtained from gravel lenses. In the eastern part of the county near Pine Bluffs, large yields are obtained from openings in .the siltstone of the White River. Previous investigators reported that the large yields were obtained in areas where the formation is fractured and fissured. The authors of this report believe that .the large yields from siltstone in the White River Formation are from pipes, sometimes called natural tunnels, rather than from fractures ,or fissures. Little is known about the water-bearing properties of the pro-Tertiary aquifers in the county, but water derived from the pro-Tertiary formations would probably be of poor quality, except in the vicinity of the outcrop near the western edge of the county. Precipitation is the principal source of recharge to the ground-water reservoirs. About 5 percent of the annual precipitation, or about 108,400 acre-feet per year, is estimated to be recharged. Only a small amount of additional recharge is from streams. The general movement of ground water is eastward, and the average gradient of the water table is about 40 feet per mile. The total amount ,of ground water pumped from wells in Laramie County during 1964 is estimated to be 28,000 acre-feet; about 6,000 acre-feet was used for municipal and industrial supplies, about 17,000 acre-feet was used for irrigation in the Pine Bluffs-Carpenter area, and about 5,000 acre-feet was used for other purposes. The balance of the recharge (80,400 acre-feet) is estimated to be discharged by the following means: 20 percent by underflow, 20 percent by streamflow, and 60 percent by evapotranspiration. The coefficient of transmissibility of the Ogallala Formation, determined by averaging data from 28 pumping tests made in the Cheyenne municipal well field, is about 16,000 gallons per day per foot. However, this figure is an average of the more permeable zones, and the average coefficient of transmissibility of the Ogallala in the county is probably much less because of the heterogeneous character of the formation. A coefficient of transmissibility of 3,800 gallons per day per foot was calculated for the Ogallala, in the same vicinity that the pumping tests were made, by using a regional method of analysis. Although the average transmissibility of the Ogallala is considered to be low, large yields are obtained from gravel stringers and lenses in the formation. The maximum perennial yield from the Cheyenne well field is estimated to be about 1.6 billion gallons per year. Moderate to large yields of water can be obtained in the north-central part of the county where the saturated thickness of the Arikaree Formation, or combined Arikaree and Ogallala Formations, is 200 feet or more. Ground water has been developed throughout the county, but development has been intensive only in the Cheyenne municipal well fields near Cheyenne and Federal and in the Pine Bluffs lowland. The water level has been lowered as much as 40 feet in the Cheyenne well field and somewhat less in the Federal well field.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1834","usgsCitation":"Lowry, M.E., Crist, M.A., and Tilstra, J.R., 1967, Geology and ground-water resources of Laramie County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1834, Report: iv, 71 p.;  2 Plates: 39.50 × 28.18 inches and 38.00 × 28.15 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1834.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 71 p.;  2 Plates: 39.50 × 28.18 inches and 38.00 × 28.15 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":27786,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1834/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27785,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1834/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27787,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1834/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":110025,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25039.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25039"},{"id":138197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1834/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","county":"Laramie County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-104.6506,41.651],[-104.6491,41.5656],[-104.0521,41.5654],[-104.052,41.3949],[-104.0526,41.0236],[-104.0528,41.0017],[-104.1399,41.0019],[-104.4725,41.0027],[-104.4875,41.0027],[-104.5606,41.0028],[-104.5679,41.0028],[-104.6087,41.0046],[-104.6134,41.0048],[-104.6337,41.0056],[-104.6648,41.0047],[-104.6837,41.0041],[-104.7013,41.0035],[-104.83,40.9996],[-104.8341,40.9996],[-104.9385,40.9995],[-104.9425,40.9995],[-105.1109,40.9993],[-105.2763,40.9998],[-105.2774,41.6567],[-105.1706,41.6535],[-105.0575,41.6537],[-104.9419,41.6537],[-104.6506,41.651]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Laramie\",\"state\":\"WY\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685b2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowry, Marlin E.","contributorId":52552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowry","given":"Marlin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crist, Marvin A.","contributorId":63376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crist","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tilstra, John R.","contributorId":44897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilstra","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":4703,"text":"twri03A4 - 1967 - Measurement of peak discharge at width contractions by indirect methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:31","indexId":"twri03A4","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"03-A4","title":"Measurement of peak discharge at width contractions by indirect methods","docAbstract":"This chapter describes procedures for measuring peak discharges using open-channel width contractions.  Field and office procedures limited to this method are described. The discharge equation based on the continuity and energy equations between an approach cross section and the contracted section under a bridge or contraction is given. Contractions are classified into four geometric types. Discharge coefficients and computation procedures are given with a complete facsimile example of computation of a contracted-opening measurement. Additional procedures are given for multiple-opening contractions.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/twri03A4","issn":"0565-596X","usgsCitation":"Matthai, H.F., 1967, Measurement of peak discharge at width contractions by indirect methods: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 03-A4, viii, 44 p. :ill. ;26 cm. Reprinted in 1984., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri03A4.","productDescription":"viii, 44 p. :ill. ;26 cm. Reprinted in 1984.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri3-a4/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db61117c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matthai, Howard Frederick","contributorId":100824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matthai","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"Frederick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1949,"text":"wsp1839A - 1967 - Reconnaissance of the chemical quality of surface waters of the Neches River basin, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T14:29:59","indexId":"wsp1839A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1839","chapter":"A","title":"Reconnaissance of the chemical quality of surface waters of the Neches River basin, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The kinds and quantities of minerals dissolved in the surface water of the Neches River basin result from such environmental factors as geology, streamflow patterns and characteristics, and industrial influences. As a result of high rainfall in the basin, much of the readily soluble material has been leached from the surface rocks and soils. Consequently, the water in the streams is usually low in concentrations of dissolved minerals and meets the U.S. Public Health Service drinking-water standards. In most streams the concentration of dissolved solids is less than 250 ppm (parts per million). The Neches River drains an area of about 10,000 square miles in eastern Texas. From its source in southeast Van Zandt County the river flows in a general southeasterly direction and empties into Sabine Lake, an arm of the Gulf of Mexico. In the basin the climate ranges from moist subhumid to humid, and the average annual rainfall ranges from 46 inches is the northwest to more than 52 inches in the southeast. Annual runoff from the basin has averaged 11 inches; however, runoff rates vary widely from year to year. The yearly mean discharge of the Neches River at Evadale has ranged from 994 to 12,720 cubic feet per second. The rocks exposed in the Neches River basin are of the Quaternary and Tertiary Systems and range in age from Eocene to Recent. Throughout most of the basin the geologic formations dip generally south and southeast toward the gulf coast. The rate of dip is greater than that of the land surface; and as a result, the older formations crop out to the north of the younger formations. Water from the outcrop areas of the Wilcox Group and from the older formations of the Claiborne Group generally has dissolved-solids concentrations ranging from 100 to 250 ppm; water from the younger formations has concentrations less than 100 ppm. The northern half of the basin has soft water, with less than 60 ppm hardness. The southern half of .the basin has very soft water, usually with less than 30 ppm hardness. The chloride concentrations are less than 20 ppm in surface water in the southern half of the basin and usually range from 20 to 100 ppm in the northern half of the basin. Concentrations greater than 100 ppm are found only where pollution is occurring. The Neches River basin has an abundance of surface water, but uneven distribution of runoff makes storage projects necessary to provide dependable water supplies. The principal existing reservoirs, with the exception of Striker Creek Reservoir, contain water of excellent quality. Chemical-quality data for the Striker Creek drainage area indicate that its streams are affected by .the disposal of brines associated with oil production. Sam Rayburn Reservoir began impounding water in 1965. The water impounded should prove of acceptable quality for most uses, but municipal and industrial wastes released into the Angelina River near Lufkin may have a degrading effect on the quality of the water, especially during extended periods of low flows. Water available for storage at the many potential reservoir sites will be of good quality; but, if the proposed salt-water barrier is to impound acceptable water, the disposal of oilfield brine into Pine Island Bayou should be discontinued.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp1839A","usgsCitation":"Hughes, L.S., and Leifeste, D.K., 1967, Reconnaissance of the chemical quality of surface waters of the Neches River basin, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1839, Report: iv, 63 p.; 4 Plates: 46.00 x 26.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1839A.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 63 p.; 4 Plates: 46.00 x 26.00 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":27281,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1839a/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27280,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1839a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27282,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1839a/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27283,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1839a/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27284,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1839a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1839a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db636ce9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, Leon S.","contributorId":65056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Leon","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leifeste, Donald K.","contributorId":11595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leifeste","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2232,"text":"wsp1835 - 1967 - Chemical quality of surface water in the Allegheny River basin, Pennsylvania and New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-21T11:05:53","indexId":"wsp1835","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1835","title":"Chemical quality of surface water in the Allegheny River basin, Pennsylvania and New York","docAbstract":"The Allegheny River is the principal source of water to many industries and to communities in the upper Ohio River Valley. The river and its many tributaries pass through 19 counties in northwestern and western Pennsylvania. The population in these counties exceeds 3 million. A major user of the Allegheny River is the city of Pittsburgh, which has a population greater than The Allegheny River is as basic to the economy of the upper Ohio River Valley in western Pennsylvania as are the rich deposits of bituminous coal, gas, and oil that underlie the drainage basin. During the past 5 years many streams that flow into the Allegheny have been low flowing because of droughts affecting much of the eastern United States. Consequently, the concentration of solutes in some streams has been unusually high because of wastes from coal mines and oil wells. These and other water-quality problems in the Allegheny River drainage basin are affecting the economic future of some areas in western Pennsylvania. \r\n\r\nBecause of environmental factors such as climate, geology, and land and water uses, surface-water quality varies considerably throughout the river basin. The natural quality of headwater streams, for example, is affected by saltwater wastes from petroleum production. One of the streams most affected is Kinzua Creek, which had 2,900 parts per million chloride in a sample taken at Westline on September 2, 1959. However, after such streams as the Conewango, Brokenstraw, Tionesta, Oil, and French Creeks merge with the Allegheny River, the dissolved-solids and chloride concentrations are reduced by dilution. Central segments of the main river receive water from the Clarion River, Redbank, Mahoning, and Crooked Creeks after they have crossed the coal fields of west-central Pennsylvania. At times, therefore, these streams carry coal-mine wastes that are acidic. The Kiskiminetas River, which crosses these coal fields, discharged sulfuric acid into the Allegheny at a rate of 299 tons a day during the 1962 water year (October 1, 1961, to September 30, 1962). Mine water affects the quality of the Allegheny River most noticeably in its lower part where large withdrawals are made by the Pittsburgh Water Company at Aspinwall and the Wilkinsburg-Penn Joint Water Authority at Nadine. At these places raw river water is chemically .treated in modern treatment plants to control such objectionable characteristics as acidity and excessive concentrations of iron and manganese.\r\n\r\nDissolved-solids content in the river varies along its entire length. In its upper reaches the water of the Allegheny River is a sodium chloride type, and at low flow, the sodium chloride is more than half the dissolved solids. In its lower reaches the water is a calcium sulfate .type, and at low flow the calcium sulfate is more than half the dissolved solids. In middle segments of the river from Franklin to Kittanning, water is more dilute and of a mixed type. Many small and several larger streams in the upper basin--such as the Conewango, Brokenstraw, Kinzua, Tionesta, and French Creeks--support large populations of game-fish. Even in segments of the Clarion River, Mahoning, and Redbank Creeks, which are at times affected by coal-mine wastes, fish are present. Although different species withstand varying amounts of contaminants in water, the continued presence of the fish indicates that the water is relatively pure and suitable for recreation and many other uses.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp1835","usgsCitation":"McCarren, E.F., 1967, Chemical quality of surface water in the Allegheny River basin, Pennsylvania and New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1835, v, 74 p. :illus., maps (1 fold. col. in pocket) ;24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1835.","productDescription":"v, 74 p. :illus., maps (1 fold. col. in pocket) ;24 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":27989,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1835/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":27990,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1835/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1835/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e338a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCarren, Edward F.","contributorId":106472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarren","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2768,"text":"wsp1829 - 1967 - Swatara Creek basin of southeastern Pennsylvania: An evaluation of its hydrologic system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-11T18:58:56.606167","indexId":"wsp1829","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1829","title":"Swatara Creek basin of southeastern Pennsylvania: An evaluation of its hydrologic system","docAbstract":"<p>Local concentrations of population in the Swatara Creek basin of Pennsylvania find it necessary to store, transport, and treat water because local supplies are either deficient or have been contaminated by disposal of wastes in upstream areas. Water in the basin is available for the deficient areas and for dilution of the coal-mine drainage in the northern parts and the sewage wastes in the southern parts.</p>\n<p>Swatara Creek drains 576 square miles just east of Harrisburg, Pa., and is the largest tributary to the Susquehanna River from the north side below Harrisburg. It rises in the southern Pocono Mountains and flows southwestward across the Lebanon Plateau. On an average day Swatara Creek discharges more than 630 million gallons into the Susquehanna River at Middletown, Pa. In a year this amounts to about 23 inches of water over the entire basin and is the residual from an average annual precipitation of 45.5 inches. During an average year the flow in Swatara Creek from the upper third of the basin above Harper Tavern is always greater than 1,300 mgd (million gallons per day) for at least 15 days and is always greater than 25 mgd for at least 350 days. The daily streamflow from the basin averages 1.1 mgd per sq mi, but yields from different areas range from 0.97 to 1.22 mgd per sq mi. These variations are caused chiefly by differences in precipitation and land cover. The area of lowest yield is in the valleys west of Tremont, and the highest yields are in the Upper and Lower Little Swatara Creek subbasins.</p>\n<p>At high and medium stages the chemical character of the water in the streams is suitable for public and private supplies. At lower stages, defending on the areas and the amounts of contamination by coal-mine drainage and sewage pollution, the natural flow may require some treatment. At low stages the chemical characteristics of the natural flow not affected by man is almost identical with that of the ground water in the area drained by the stream. In general, the total dissolved solids range from about 25 to 400 parts per million and the hardness is as much as about 300 parts per million.</p>\n<p>The ground-water increment to the base flow of Swatara Creek averages about&nbsp;240 mgd, or about 8.8 inches annually, for the basin. Generally, ground-water&nbsp;supplies in amounts of less than 0.5 mgd can be developed south of Blue Mountain. Supplies of several million gallons per day have been developed for industrial use from the permeable limestones in the south-central part of the basin. More intensive investigation in other parts of the basin would indicate areas where supplies of more than 0.5 mgd could be developed from properly spaced wells. The chemical character of water from wells depends largely on the host rock. In highly soluble rocks water contains large amount of dissolved solids; in more resistant rocks concentrations are lower. The chemical character of unpolluted ground water generally reflects the composition of the more readily soluble minerals in the local geologic environment. Areas contaminated by septic- tank effluent may have above normal amounts of nitrate and detergent products. Except where polluted, most ground water is suitable for public and industrial uses without extensive treatment.</p>\n<p>Sites for storage of surface water exist in the part of the basin lying in the valley and ridge area. As much as 30 to 40 percent of the annual flow could be impounded for release as low-flow augmentation for dilution of mine drainage and other wastes in the basin. Low sediment yields of supplying drainage areas would ensure a long life expectancy of reservoirs at these sites.</p>\n<p>Overbank flooding of the main stem of the Swatara Creek and its tributaries has occurred many times in the past. However, it has not been a hazard because urban development has not encroached on the flood plain. An inundation map of the August 1933 flood provides a basis that urban planners may use to avoid future damage. As water in the Swatara Creek moves downstream to the Susquehanna River, the flow is influenced consecutively by a large annual rainfall on the northern valley and ridge area, the wastes of surface and subsurface coal-mining activities, and less annual rainfall on the part of the basin lying in the Lebanon Plateau area; the flow is supplemented and further influenced by many tributaries and by the industrial and domestic wastes that are carried by these secondary streams.</p>\n<p>The annual precipitation ranges from 52 inches at the east edge and 49 inches at the west edge of the mountainous part of the basin to about 41 inches at the southwestern part at Middletown. The rainfall generally is adequate during the growing season to mature the crops. The mean annual temperature at Lebanon is about 52&deg;F, and the growing season is about 180 days.</p>\n<p>In this report the basin has been divided into eight hydrologic zones, leased on runoff, natural use of water, and chemical character of water. Four zones lie in the valley and ridge area, three lie in the Lebanon Plateau area, and one lies in the highland along the southeastern basin boundary. In each of the zones the hydrologic characteristics are virtually the same, but they may be completely different from those in adjacent zones. The boundaries of the zones generally coincide with boundaries between geologic formations, and the areas in each zone include rocks of similar influence on water.</p>\n<p>Streams in zone 4 at the northeast edge of the plateau have the highest average surface runoff from 1.2 to 1.1 mgd per sq mi whereas those in zone 2 at the northwest edge of the valley and ridge area have the lowest, about 1.0 mgd. Streams in zone 8, along the southeast edge of the basin, have the largest sustained low-flow yield, about 0.26 to 0.19 mgd per sq mi; those in zone 5 overlying the Martinsburg Shale east of Harrisburg have the smallest sustained low-flow yields, 0.03 to 0.01 mgd. Streams in the limestone area of&nbsp;zone 7 have the greatest range in low-flow yields in any one zone from 0.60 to 0 mgd per sq mi. Low-flow yields in zones 1 through 4 range from 0.13 to 0.03 mgd per sq mi.</p>\n<p>Surface flows from zones 1 and 2 are generally acidic and contain high concentrations of sulfate, iron, and total dissolved solids especially where contaminated with mine wastes. Surface flows from zones 3 and 4 are dilute, slightly alkaline, and suitable for public water supplies. Surface flows from zones 5, 6, and 7 are alkaline and contain moderate concentrations of dissolved solids with waters of highest hardness occurring in zone 7. Surface flows from zone 8 are dilute to moderately mineralized and are relatively high in silica concentration. Nitrate concentrations are high in surf Fee flows below sewage outfalls and in ground water contaminated by septic tank effluent and industrial wastes.</p>\n<p>Average annual sediment yields of 550 to 650 tons per square mile are characteristic of zones 1 and 2 where strip mining has destroyed the forest cover and coal culm is carried into the streams. From agricultural lands on the Martinsburg Shale in zones 5 and 6, annual sediment yields range from 300 to 350 tons per square mile; but from agricultural lands on the siliceous rocks in zone 8 and zones 3 and 4 in the valley and ridge area, the sediment yield ranges from 200 to 250 tons annually per square mile. Lowest annual sediment yields in the basin are in the forested areas of siliceous rocks in zones 2, 3, 4, and 5, and in the sinkhole topography of the limestones in zone 7 where the yield ranges from 30 to 35 tons and 50 to 60 tons per square mile, respectively.</p>\n<p>The amount of ground water that can be developed in the basin is dependent on the ability of the underlying rocks to yield water to wells. More than 300 gpm (gallons per minute) can be obtained from wells in alluvial materials in the valley bottoms and in some of the limestones where large solution channels and fractures are penetrated by the wells. From 50 to 300 gpm can be obtained from wells in loosely cemented sandstones and in fractured limestones. From 10 to 50 gpm can be developed from wells in the shales and harder sandstones. The most dense rocks will yield from 1 to 10 gpm from fractures and crevices. Most wells yield water from the upper 350 feet of the formation, for this part contains the most fractures or solution channels.</p>\n<p>Studies show that the velocity at which a contaminant will move downstream in the basin is related to the discharge of the stream at the time. At a stream discharge of about 400 mgd at Pine Grove, a contaminant in Swatara Creek would require about 40 hours to move from Pine Grove to Middletown. As a result of dispersion and dilution, the maximum concentration of the contaminant at Middletown would be less than 20 percent the concentration at Pine Grove under these conditions.</p>\n<p>An evaluation of the availability of water in the basin indicates that about I,239 mgd enters as precipitation, 630 mgd leaves as streamflow, 580 mgd is evaporated and transpired, and 56 mgd is diverted for use by man. Not all the diversions for man's use are lost to the basin, as about 27 mgd is returned as sewage for reuse. About one-fourth of the waste water is returned to the ground and the remainder to stream drainageways. Of that diverted by man, 11.6 mgd is used for public supply and 44.4 mgd for industrial and private supplies. Diversions of streamflow furnish 86 percent of the public supply and&nbsp;27 percent of the industrial supply, and ground-water sources yield the remainder.</p>\n<p>Municipal and private sewage treatment plants are upgrading the waste water in many places, but no provisions are being made for treatment other than natural dilution and assimilation for the 15 mgd of coal-nine drainage in the northern part of the basin. Technology for economic treatment of mine water is not available at this time, although research in this field is being done.</p>\n<p>Urbanization eastward from Harrisburg and around Lebanon has increased the population density of the basin. Densities of 500 people per square mile and water use exceeding 2.0 mgd per sq mi can be expected in the future. By the year 2000 the population of the basin may increase 60 percent; and if the per capita rate of use increases 0.5 percent per year the domestic requirements for water will be about two times the present use, or 23 mgd. Similarly, if the present 1:4 ratio of domestic use to industrial use of water continues, at least 89 mgd will be needed for industry in the future. Although an increase to twice the present use of water can be foreseen, or 112 mgd, water for the dilution and assimilation of wastes from treatment systems are not included.</p>\n<p>Providing water for dilution of wastes from treatment plants has not been a problem, but in the future the amounts needed for this purpose will be greater as the population increases. As water becomes more valuable, treatment of sewage wastes to reduce the biochemical-oxygen-demand load by at least 80 to 90 percent will be necessary to conserve water for more productive uses. As much as 100 mgd may be needed for waste dilution in the basin by year 2000.</p>\n<p>The present trends in suburban and light industrial development will probably persist in the basin. Problems arising through changes in economic value of water, conflicts in use, and alternatives in development are typical of those confronting the manager of a water-resource system.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp1829","usgsCitation":"Stuart, W.T., Schneider, W.J., and Crooks, J., 1967, Swatara Creek basin of southeastern Pennsylvania: An evaluation of its hydrologic system: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1829, Report: vii, 79 p.; 3 Plates: 37.50 x 44.76 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1829.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 79 p.; 3 Plates: 37.50 x 44.76 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":29207,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1829/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":400539,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25034.htm"},{"id":29206,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1829/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 3"},{"id":29205,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1829/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 2"},{"id":29204,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1829/plate-1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1"},{"id":138606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/1829/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Swatara Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.809,\n              40.669\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.809,\n              40.178\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.19,\n              40.178\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.19,\n              40.669\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.809,\n              40.669\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687ed9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuart, Wilbur Tennant","contributorId":77513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuart","given":"Wilbur","email":"","middleInitial":"Tennant","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, William J.","contributorId":47349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crooks, James W.","contributorId":46078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crooks","given":"James W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":42356,"text":"ofr67226 - 1967 - Aeromagnetic map of the Benton and Davis Mountain quadrangles and parts of the White Mountain Peak and Mount Barcroft quadrangles, Nevada-California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T20:00:52.858071","indexId":"ofr67226","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"67-226","title":"Aeromagnetic map of the Benton and Davis Mountain quadrangles and parts of the White Mountain Peak and Mount Barcroft quadrangles, Nevada-California","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr67226","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1967, Aeromagnetic map of the Benton and Davis Mountain quadrangles and parts of the White Mountain Peak and Mount Barcroft quadrangles, Nevada-California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 67-226, 1 Plate: 29.88 x 41.73 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr67226.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 29.88 x 41.73 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":492853,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8181.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":80123,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1967/0226/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":175670,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Benton and Davis Mountain quadrangles and parts of the White Mountain Peak and Mount Barcroft quadrangles,","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.5,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.5,\n              37.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -118,\n              37.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -118,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.5,\n              38\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db697204","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":530919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":42055,"text":"ofr67234 - 1967 - Aeromagnetic map of the Como and Wabuska quadrangles, and parts of the Churchill Butte and Silver Springs quadrangles, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T20:50:56.411119","indexId":"ofr67234","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"67-234","title":"Aeromagnetic map of the Como and Wabuska quadrangles, and parts of the Churchill Butte and Silver Springs quadrangles, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr67234","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1967, Aeromagnetic map of the Como and Wabuska quadrangles, and parts of the Churchill Butte and Silver Springs quadrangles, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 67-234, 1 Plate: 30.08 × 42.44 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr67234.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 30.08 × 42.44 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":79803,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1967/0234/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":394932,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8189.htm"},{"id":136767,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Como and Wabuska quadrangles, and parts of the Churchill Butte and Silver Springs quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.5,\n              39.284\n            ],\n            [\n              -119,\n              39.284\n            ],\n            [\n              -119,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.5,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.5,\n              39.284\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696d45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":530802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":41808,"text":"ofr67247 - 1967 - Aeromagnetic map of part of the Pilot quadrangle, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-25T18:18:20.444606","indexId":"ofr67247","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"67-247","title":"Aeromagnetic map of part of the Pilot quadrangle, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr67247","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1967, Aeromagnetic map of part of the Pilot quadrangle, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 67-247, 1 Plate: 29.52 x 41.34 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr67247.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 29.52 x 41.34 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":492927,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8202.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":79531,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1967/0247/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":169044,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Pilot quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118,\n              39.284\n            ],\n            [\n              -118,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.5,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.5,\n              39.284\n            ],\n            [\n              -118,\n              39.284\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697874","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":530635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":41737,"text":"ofr67245 - 1967 - Aeromagnetic map of the Mina Quadrangle, Nevada","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":41737,"text":"ofr67245 - 1967 - Aeromagnetic map of the Mina Quadrangle, Nevada","indexId":"ofr67245","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"title":"Aeromagnetic map of the Mina Quadrangle, Nevada"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":63994,"text":"gp751 - 1971 - Aeromagnetic map of parts of the Walker Lake, Reno, Chico, and Sacramento 1° by 2° quadrangles, Nevada-California","indexId":"gp751","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Aeromagnetic map of parts of the Walker Lake, Reno, Chico, and Sacramento 1° by 2° quadrangles, Nevada-California"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":63994,"text":"gp751 - 1971 - Aeromagnetic map of parts of the Walker Lake, Reno, Chico, and Sacramento 1° by 2° quadrangles, Nevada-California","indexId":"gp751","publicationYear":"1971","noYear":false,"title":"Aeromagnetic map of parts of the Walker Lake, Reno, Chico, and Sacramento 1° by 2° quadrangles, Nevada-California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-16T22:43:33.043799","indexId":"ofr67245","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"67-245","title":"Aeromagnetic map of the Mina Quadrangle, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr67245","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1967, Aeromagnetic map of the Mina Quadrangle, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 67-245, 1 Plate: 31.05 x 40.92 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr67245.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 31.05 x 40.92 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":400666,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1967/0245/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":168378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1967/0245/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Mina Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.5,38 ], [ -118.5,38.5 ], [ -118,38.5 ], [ -118,38 ], [ -118.5,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691e12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":530598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":63906,"text":"gp604 - 1967 - Aeromagnetic map of the Kenton quadrangle, Gogebic, Ontonagon, Iron, and Houghton Counties, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-26T22:53:46.540205","indexId":"gp604","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":317,"text":"Geophysical Investigations Map","code":"GP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"604","title":"Aeromagnetic map of the Kenton quadrangle, Gogebic, Ontonagon, Iron, and Houghton Counties, Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gp604","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1967, Aeromagnetic map of the Kenton quadrangle, Gogebic, Ontonagon, Iron, and Houghton Counties, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map 604, 1 Plate: 18.21 × 21.90 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gp604.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 18.21 × 21.90 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394935,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5971.htm"},{"id":253758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0604/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":250220,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0604/plate-1.pdf","size":"3349","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":250219,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0604/report.pdf","size":"39","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Gogebic County, Houghton County, Iron County, Ontonagon County","otherGeospatial":"Kenton quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89,\n              46.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.75,\n              46.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.75,\n              46.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -89,\n              46.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -89,\n              46.25\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691ff4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":533375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":42157,"text":"ofr67231 - 1967 - Aeromagnetic map of the Bullfrog and Bare Mountain quadrangles, Nevada-California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T20:33:31.101233","indexId":"ofr67231","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"67-231","title":"Aeromagnetic map of the Bullfrog and Bare Mountain quadrangles, Nevada-California","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr67231","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1967, Aeromagnetic map of the Bullfrog and Bare Mountain quadrangles, Nevada-California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 67-231, 1 Plate: 30.81 x 24.18 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr67231.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 30.81 x 24.18 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":79890,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1967/0231/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":175426,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":492857,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8186.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Bullfrog and Bare Mountain quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -117,\n              36.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.5,\n              36.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.5,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -117,\n              37\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db6970d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":530874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":42160,"text":"ofr67250 - 1967 - Aeromagnetic map of the Round Mountain quadrangle and part of the Belmont quadrangle, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-25T18:30:03.635764","indexId":"ofr67250","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"67-250","title":"Aeromagnetic map of the Round Mountain quadrangle and part of the Belmont quadrangle, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr67250","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1967, Aeromagnetic map of the Round Mountain quadrangle and part of the Belmont quadrangle, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 67-250, 1 Plate: 44.00 x 42.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr67250.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 44.00 x 42.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":492929,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8205.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":98807,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1967/0250/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":175527,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Round Mountain quadrangle and part of the Belmont quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.5,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.5,\n              38.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.912,\n              38.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.912,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.5,\n              39\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aefe4b07f02db691527","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":530877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5868,"text":"pp522 - 1967 - Areal geology of the western Mojave Desert, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":43027,"text":"ofr5739 - 1957 - Simplified geologic map of the western Mojave Desert, California","indexId":"ofr5739","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"title":"Simplified geologic map of the western Mojave Desert, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":5868,"text":"pp522 - 1967 - Areal geology of the western Mojave Desert, California","indexId":"pp522","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"title":"Areal geology of the western Mojave Desert, California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T14:08:32","indexId":"pp522","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"522","title":"Areal geology of the western Mojave Desert, California","docAbstract":"<p>This report and map represent part of a geologic investigation by the U.S. Geological Survey of the known and potential deposits of borate minerals in the southern California desert regions. The primary purpose of this report and the geologic map (pl. 1) is to provide a geologic background for the exploration for possible concealed borate deposits in the western Mojave Desert, based upon (1) the geology of the known deposits of these minerals within the region, (2) the areal geology of the region, and (3) the subsurface geology as determined insofar as possible from logs of exploratory test holes, mine workings, and geophysical data. Available logs of test holes so used, including those drilled for petroleum and some for water, and of borate mine shafts are summarized in tabulated form (tables 2-4); the gravity geophysical data are published separately (Mabey, 1960).</p><p>The resulting geologic data are of use for many secondary purposes, such as exploration for other commodities, including petroleum and gas, and in evaluation of ground-water conditions.</p><p>The base for the geologic map was prepared by joining parts of the Bakersfield, Trona, Los Angeles, and San Bernardino quadrangles, as published by the U.S. Geological Survey at a scale of 1:250,000, and then enlarging the mosaicked map to a scale of 1:125,000. Although lacking in detail and accuracy, the base is the best that is available. Numerous maps at a scale of an inch to a mile or larger show the geology of most of the complex areas in greater detail.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S.Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/pp522","usgsCitation":"Dibblee, T.W., 1967, Areal geology of the western Mojave Desert, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 522, Report: vii, 153 p.;  5 Plates: 40.26 x 48.24 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp522.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 153 p.;  5 Plates: 40.26 x 48.24 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":340296,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0522/plate-3.pdf","text":"Plate 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":112641,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0522/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"22.06 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":340297,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0522/plate-4.pdf","text":"Plate 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0522/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":340293,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0522/plate-1_east.pdf","text":"Plate 1 (East Half)","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340294,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0522/plate-1_west.pdf","text":"Plate 1 (West Half)","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340295,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0522/plate-2.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119,\n              34\n            ],\n            [\n              -117,\n              34\n            ],\n            [\n              -117,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -119,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -119,\n              34\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db673222","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dibblee, Thomas W. 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,{"id":41898,"text":"ofr67241 - 1967 - Aeromagnetic map of parts of the Grapevine Peak and Tin Mountain quadrangles, California-Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-06T19:14:09.881352","indexId":"ofr67241","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"67-241","title":"Aeromagnetic map of parts of the Grapevine Peak and Tin Mountain quadrangles, California-Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr67241","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1967, Aeromagnetic map of parts of the Grapevine Peak and Tin Mountain quadrangles, California-Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 67-241, 1 Plate: 30.03 × 23.29 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr67241.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 30.03 × 23.29 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":393963,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8196.htm"},{"id":79625,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1967/0241/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Grapevine Peak and Tin Mountain quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.5,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.5,\n              36.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -117,\n              36.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -117,\n              37\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db6960ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":530689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":42182,"text":"ofr67227 - 1967 - Aeromagnetic map of the Beowawe and Carlin quadrangles, Eureka and Elko Counties, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-10T19:26:04.768196","indexId":"ofr67227","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1967","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"67-227","title":"Aeromagnetic map of the Beowawe and Carlin quadrangles, Eureka and Elko Counties, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr67227","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1967, Aeromagnetic map of the Beowawe and Carlin quadrangles, Eureka and Elko Counties, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 67-227, 1 Plate: 34.32 x 21.88 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr67227.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 34.32 x 21.88 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172343,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":411646,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_8182.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":79928,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1967/0227/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Elko County, Eureka County","otherGeospatial":"Beowawe and Carlin quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116,\n              40.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.5,\n              40.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.5,\n              40.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -116,\n              40.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -116,\n              40.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db697215","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":530888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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