The Mississippi Alluvial Plain is one of the most important agricultural regions in the United States, and crop productivity relies on groundwater irrigation from an aquifer system whose full capacity is unknown. Groundwater withdrawals from the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer have resulted in substantial groundwater-level declines and reductions in base flow in streams within the Mississippi Alluvial Plain. These effects are limiting well production and threatening future water availability in the region.
A comprehensive assessment of water availability in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain is critically important for making well-informed management decisions about sustainability, establishing best practices for water use, and predicting changes to water levels in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain over the next 50–100 years. The first step in the new regional modeling effort was to run the existing Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study (MERAS) model and perform data-worth and uncertainty analyses to prioritize data collection efforts to improve model forecasts. Parameter estimation indicated that streambed conductance was one of the variables that the model was most sensitive to, but little data were available to constrain those general estimates.
From this characterization of the existing data, a map of the streams that the MERAS model was most sensitive to was created by the U.S. Geological Survey to guide the collection of 862 kilometers of waterborne resistivity surveys within the Delta region of Mississippi to characterize streambed lithology. This technique characterizes the streambed itself and the 15–30 meters below the streambed that control the exchange of water between the stream and the alluvial aquifer. These data can be used to map changes in the lithology of the streambed and identify areas of potential groundwater/surface-water exchange. Additionally, electrical and nuclear well logs from the study area were compared to facilitate the development of a petrophysical relation between the waterborne resistivity data and hydraulic conductivity. Resistivity values may then be used as a cost-effective way to approximate aquifer hydraulic conductivity distributions for use in regional groundwater models.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3500","issn":"2329-132X","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas Department of Health, Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, Delta Council, Delta FARM, Delta Sustainable Water Resources Task Force, Delta Wildlife HydroGeophysics Group, Aarhus University, Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality, Mississippi State University, Missouri Department of Natural Resources, The Nature Conservancy, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, University of Arkansas, University of Mississippi, Yazoo Mississippi Delta Joint Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Adams, R.F., Miller, B.V., Kress, W.H., Minsley, B.J., and Rigby, J.R., 2023, Estimating streambed hydraulic conductivity for selected streams in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain using continuous resistivity profiling methods—Delta region: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3500, 2 sheets, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3500.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 45.00 x 34.25 inches and 45.00 x 34.55 inches","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-115128","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":419523,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9WQPRFB","text":"USGS—Waterborne resistivity inverted models, Mississippi Alluvial Plain, 2016–2018"},{"id":419522,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3500/sim3500_sheet2.pdf","size":"14.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3500 sheet 2"},{"id":419521,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3500/sim3500_sheet1.pdf","size":"15.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3500 sheet 1"},{"id":419520,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3500/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":500206,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_115125.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi Alluvial Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -91.25,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -91.25,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 35\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"For more information about this publication, contact
Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
640 Grassmere Park, Suite 100
Nashville, TN 37211
For additional information, visit
https://www.usgs.gov/centers/lmg-water/
Warming shifts the thermal optimum of net photosynthesis (ToptA) to higher temperatures. However, our knowledge of this shift is mainly derived from seedlings grown in greenhouses under ambient atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) conditions. It is unclear whether shifts in ToptA of field-grown trees will keep pace with the temperatures predicted for the 21st century under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Here, using a whole-ecosystem warming controlled experiment under either ambient or elevated CO2 levels, we show that ToptA of mature boreal conifers increased with warming. However, shifts in ToptA did not keep pace with warming as ToptA only increased by 0.26–0.35 °C per 1 °C of warming. Net photosynthetic rates estimated at the mean growth temperature increased with warming in elevated CO2 spruce, while remaining constant in ambient CO2 spruce and in both ambient CO2 and elevated CO2 tamarack with warming. Although shifts in ToptA of these two species are insufficient to keep pace with warming, these boreal conifers can thermally acclimate photosynthesis to maintain carbon uptake in future air temperatures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41467-023-40248-3","usgsCitation":"Dusenge, M.E., Warren, J.M., Reich, P.B., Ward, E., Murphy, B.K., Stefanski, A., Bermudez, R., Cruz, M., McLennan, D.A., King, A.W., Montgomery, R.A., Hanson, P.J., and Way, D.A., 2023, Boreal conifers maintain carbon uptake with warming despite failure to track optimal temperatures: Nature Communciations, v. 14, 4667, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-40248-3.","productDescription":"4667, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-152684","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-40248-3","text":"Publisher Index 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B.","contributorId":202370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reich","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36398,"text":"Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ward, Eric 0000-0002-5047-5464","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5047-5464","contributorId":167035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":880156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murphy, Bridget K.","contributorId":328429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"Bridget","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7044,"text":"University of Toronto","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stefanski, Artur","contributorId":328430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stefanski","given":"Artur","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bermudez, Raimundo","contributorId":328431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bermudez","given":"Raimundo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cruz, Marisol","contributorId":328432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruz","given":"Marisol","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27537,"text":"Universidad de los Andes","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McLennan, David A.","contributorId":328433,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLennan","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":40642,"text":"Oak Ridge National Lab","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"King, Anthony W.","contributorId":328436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"King","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":40642,"text":"Oak Ridge National Lab","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Montgomery, Rebecca A.","contributorId":328437,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montgomery","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Hanson, Paul J.","contributorId":299729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanson","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37070,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Way, Danielle A.","contributorId":199465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Way","given":"Danielle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":880165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70258173,"text":"70258173 - 2023 - Urban stream restorations increase floodplain soil carbon and nutrient retention along a chronosequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-06T14:28:58.738211","indexId":"70258173","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-03T09:24:29","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Urban stream restorations increase floodplain soil carbon and nutrient retention along a chronosequence","docAbstract":"Stream restoration is a common management practice to meet regulatory or voluntary efforts to improve water quality via nutrient and carbon (C) retention, including in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. However, most restoration projects have few quantifiable measures of project success, no standard metrics, and rarely collect pre-restoration data. Storage of nutrients, such as phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N), in floodplain soils of restored streams can act as an easily quantifiable indicator of restoration success, particularly when the project goals include improved water quality. To determine how floodplains of restored streams change in their P and C storage as time since restoration increases, floodplain surficial soil samples (10 cm depth) were collected from 18 streams in the urbanized Piedmont region of northern Virginia, representing a chronosequence of time (1–10+ yrs.) since restoration as well as unrestored streams with high impervious surface cover (ISC) and unrestored streams with low ISC. The samples were analyzed for total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) storage, whereas C turnover rate and equilibrium phosphorus concentration (EPC0) were measured as metrics of C and P loss. These metrics were compared to time since restoration and potential environmental drivers, including soil moisture, pH, median particle size (D50), organic matter content (OM), and bioavailable P, iron (Fe), and aluminum (Al). These stream restorations demonstrated increasing nutrient storage for TC, TN, and TP along the chronosequence to values greater than both unrestored or reference streams, as well as decreasing C turnover and no significant changes in EPC0. Soil wetness and OM, key drivers in nutrient retention, also increased as restoration projects aged increasing C, N, and P storage. Overall, stream restoration did improve soil C, N, and P retention in floodplains as compared to unrestored sites and exceeded those of low ISC ‘reference’ sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2023.107063","usgsCitation":"Napora, K.N., Noe, G.E., Ahn, C., and Fellows, M.Q., 2023, Urban stream restorations increase floodplain soil carbon and nutrient retention along a chronosequence: Ecological Engineering, v. 195, 107063, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2023.107063.","productDescription":"107063, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-148353","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2023.107063","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433549,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"Fairfax 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Katrina Nicole 0000-0002-1837-4292","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1837-4292","contributorId":305723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Napora","given":"Katrina","email":"","middleInitial":"Nicole","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noe, Gregory E. 0000-0002-6661-2646 gnoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-2646","contributorId":139100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"Gregory","email":"gnoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":912478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ahn, Changwoo","contributorId":191303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ahn","given":"Changwoo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":912479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fellows, Meghan Q.N.","contributorId":343963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fellows","given":"Meghan","email":"","middleInitial":"Q.N.","affiliations":[{"id":82267,"text":"Fairfax County DWPES; Delaware Center for the Inland Bays","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":912480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70247954,"text":"70247954 - 2023 - Scaling microseismic cloud shape during hydraulic stimulation using in-situ stress and permeability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-29T14:00:46.383677","indexId":"70247954","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-03T08:54:21","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7501,"text":"JGR Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scaling microseismic cloud shape during hydraulic stimulation using in-situ stress and permeability","docAbstract":"Forecasting microseismic cloud shape as a proxy of stimulated rock volume may improve the design of an energy extraction system. The microseismic cloud created during hydraulic stimulation of geothermal reservoirs is known empirically to extend in the general direction of the maximum principal stress. However, this empirical relationship is often inconsistent with reported results, and the cloud growth process remains poorly understood. This study investigates microseismic cloud growth using data obtained from a hydraulic stimulation project in Basel, Switzerland, and explores its correlation with measured in situ stress. We applied principal component analysis to a time series of microseismicity for macroscopic characterization of microseismic cloud growth in two- and three-dimensional space. The microseismic cloud, in addition to extending in the general direction of maximum principal stress, expanded in the direction of intermediate principal stress. The orientation of the least microseismic cloud growth was stable and almost identical to the minimum principal stress direction. Further, microseismic cloud shape ratios showed good agreement when compared with in situ stress magnitude ratios. The permeability tensor estimated from microseismicity also provided a good correlation in terms of direction and magnitude with the microseismic cloud growth. We show that in situ stress plays a dominant role by controlling the permeability of each existing fracture in the reservoir fracture system. Consequently, microseismic cloud growth can be scaled by in situ stress as a first-order approximation if there is sufficient variation in the orientation of existing faults.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2023JB026839","usgsCitation":"Mukuhira, Y., Yang, M., Ishibashi, T., Okamoto, K., Moriya, H., Kumano, Y., Asanuma, H., Shapiro, S., Rubinstein, J., Ito, T., Yan, K., and Zuo, Y., 2023, Scaling microseismic cloud shape during hydraulic stimulation using in-situ stress and permeability: JGR Solid Earth, v. 128, no. 8, e2023JB026839, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JB026839.","productDescription":"e2023JB026839, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-125506","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023jb026839","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":420234,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Switzerland","city":"Basel","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": 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application of a qPCR-based genotyping assay for Ophidiomyces ophidiicola to investigate the epidemiology of ophidiomycosis","title":"Development and application of a qPCR-based genotyping assay for Ophidiomyces ophidiicola to investigate the epidemiology of ophidiomycosis","docAbstract":"Ophidiomycosis (snake fungal disease) is an infectious disease caused by the fungus Ophidiomyces ophidiicola to which all snake species appear to be susceptible. Significant variation has been observed in clinical presentation, progression of disease, and response to treatment, which may be due to genetic variation in the causative agent. Recent phylogenetic analysis based on whole-genome sequencing identified that O. ophidiicola strains from the United States formed a clade distinct from European strains, and that multiple clonal lineages of the clade are present in the United States. The purpose of this study was to design a qPCR-based genotyping assay for O. ophidiicola, then apply that assay to swab-extracted DNA samples to investigate whether the multiple O. ophidiicola clades and clonal lineages in the United States have specific geographic, taxonomic, or temporal predilections. To this end, six full genome sequences of O. ophidiicola representing different clades and clonal lineages were aligned to identify genomic areas shared between subsets of the isolates. Eleven hydrolysis-based Taqman primer-probe sets were designed to amplify selected gene segments and produce unique amplification patterns for each isolate, each with a limit of detection of 10 or fewer copies of the target sequence and an amplification efficiency of 90–110%. The qPCR-based approach was validated using samples from strains known to belong to specific clades and applied to swab-extracted O. ophidiicola DNA samples from multiple snake species, states, and years. When compared to full-genome sequencing, the qPCR-based genotyping assay assigned 75% of samples to the same major clade (Cohen’s kappa = 0.360, 95% Confidence Interval = 0.154–0.567) with 67–77% sensitivity and 88–100% specificity, depending on clade/clonal lineage. Swab-extracted O. ophidiicola DNA samples from across the United States were assigned to six different clonal lineages, including four of the six established lineages and two newly defined groups, which likely represent recombinant strains of O. ophidiicola. Using multinomial logistic regression modeling to predict clade based on snake taxonomic group, state of origin, and year of collection, state was the most significant predictor of clonal lineage. Furthermore, clonal lineage was not associated with disease severity in the most intensely sampled species, the Lake Erie watersnake (Nerodia sipedon insularum). Overall, this assay represents a rapid, cost-effective genotyping method for O. ophidiicola that can be used to better understand the epidemiology of ophidiomycosis.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0289159","usgsCitation":"Haynes, E., Lorch, J., and Allender, M.C., 2023, Development and application of a qPCR-based genotyping assay for Ophidiomyces ophidiicola to investigate the epidemiology of ophidiomycosis: PLoS ONE, v. 18, no. 8, e0289159, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289159.","productDescription":"e0289159, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-153457","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289159","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":419734,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haynes, Ellen","contributorId":302417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haynes","given":"Ellen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65476,"text":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorch, Jeffrey M. 0000-0003-2239-1252","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2239-1252","contributorId":260164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorch","given":"Jeffrey M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":880034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allender, Matthew C.","contributorId":192522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allender","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":880035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70247413,"text":"70247413 - 2023 - The 2018 eruption of Kīlauea: Insights, puzzles, and opportunities for volcano science","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-03T13:33:07.741401","indexId":"70247413","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-03T08:32:44","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":806,"text":"Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 2018 eruption of Kīlauea: Insights, puzzles, and opportunities for volcano science","docAbstract":"The science of volcanology advances disproportionately during exceptionally large or well-observed eruptions. The 2018 eruption of Kīlauea Volcano (Hawai‘i) was its most impactful in centuries, involving an outpouring of more than one cubic kilometer of basalt, a magnitude 7 flank earthquake, and the volcano’s largest summit collapse since at least the nineteenth century. Eruptive activity was documented in detail, yielding new insights into large caldera-rift eruptions; the geometry of a shallow magma storage-transport system and its interaction with rift zone tectonics; mechanisms of basaltic tephra-producing explosions; caldera collapse mechanics; and the dynamics of fissure eruptions and high-volume lava flows. Insights are broadly applicable to a range of volcanic systems and should reduce risk from future eruptions. Multidisciplinary collaboration will be required to fully leverage the diversity of monitoring data to address many of the most important outstanding questions.","language":"English","publisher":"Annual Reviews","doi":"10.1146/annurev-earth-031621-075925","usgsCitation":"Anderson, K.R., Shea, T., Lynn, K.J., Montgomery-Brown, E.K., Swanson, D., Patrick, M.R., Shiro, B., and Neal, C.A., 2023, The 2018 eruption of Kīlauea: Insights, puzzles, and opportunities for volcano science: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 52, p. 1.1-1.39, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-031621-075925.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"1.1","endPage":"1.39","ipdsId":"IP-150154","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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variability has been observed at the New England shelfbreak due to a greater influence from the Gulf Stream with increased meander amplitudes and frequency of Warm Core Ring (WCR) generation. Consequently, underwater sound propagation in the area also becomes more variable. This paper presents field observations of an acoustic near-surface ducting condition induced by shelf water streamers that are related to WCRs. The field observations also reveal the subsequent disappearance of the streamer duct due to the passage of a WCR filament. These two water column conditions are investigated with sound propagation measurements and numerical simulations.","language":"English","publisher":"Acoustic Society of America","doi":"10.1121/10.0020348","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.J., Lin, Y., Newhall, A.E., Gawarkiewicz, G.G., Knobles, D.P., Chaytor, J., and Hodgkiss, W.S., 2023, Acoustic ducting by shelf water streamers at the New England shelfbreak: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, v. 3, no. 8, 086001, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0020348.","productDescription":"086001, 5 p.","ipdsId":"IP-153459","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0020348","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":419519,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Ocean, New England Shelfbreak","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.72163486449571,\n 40.4356059866395\n ],\n [\n -71.72163486449571,\n 38.855695682076686\n ],\n [\n -69.3855434397284,\n 38.855695682076686\n ],\n [\n -69.3855434397284,\n 40.4356059866395\n ],\n [\n -71.72163486449571,\n 40.4356059866395\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Jennifer J.","contributorId":317851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36711,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lin, Ying-Tsong","contributorId":302804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lin","given":"Ying-Tsong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newhall, Arthur E.","contributorId":317852,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newhall","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36711,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gawarkiewicz, Glen G.","contributorId":317853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gawarkiewicz","given":"Glen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36711,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Knobles, David P.","contributorId":218392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knobles","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chaytor, Jason 0000-0001-8135-8677 jchaytor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8135-8677","contributorId":140095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaytor","given":"Jason","email":"jchaytor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":879490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hodgkiss, William S..","contributorId":317854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hodgkiss","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"S..","affiliations":[{"id":34004,"text":"Scripps Institute of Oceanography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70247412,"text":"70247412 - 2023 - Tracking carbon from subduction to outgassing along the Aleutian-Alaska Volcanic Arc","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-03T12:48:44.073761","indexId":"70247412","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-03T07:37:51","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5010,"text":"Science Advances","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracking carbon from subduction to outgassing along the Aleutian-Alaska Volcanic Arc","docAbstract":"We use a newly developed 2-D elastic reverse time migration (RTM) imaging algorithm based on the Helmholtz decomposition to test approaches for imaging the descending slab in subduction zone regions using local earthquake sources. Our elastic RTM method is designed to reconstruct incident and scattered wavefields at depth, isolate constituent P- and S-wave components via Helmholtz decomposition, and evaluate normalized imaging functions that leverage dominant P and S signals. This method allows us to target particular converted-wave scattering geometries, for example incident S to scattered P, which may be expected to have dominant signals in any given data set. The method is intended to be applied to dense seismic array observations that adequately capture both incident and converted wavefields. We draw a direct connection between our imaging functions and the first-order contrasts in shear wave material properties across seismic discontinuities. Through tests on synthetic data using either S → P or P → S conversions, we find that our technique can successfully recover the structure of a subducting slab using data from a dense wide-angle array of surface stations. We also calculate images with a small-aperture array to test the impact of array geometry on image resolution and interpretability. Our results show that our imaging technique is capable of imaging multiple seismic discontinuities at depth, even with a small number of earthquakes, but that limitations arise when a small aperture array is considered. In this case, the presence of artefacts makes it more difficult to determine the location of seismic discontinuities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/gji/ggad308","usgsCitation":"Langer, L., Pollitz, F., and McGuire, J., 2023, Converted-wave reverse time migration imaging in subduction zone settings: Geophysical Journal International, v. 235, no. 2, p. 1384-1402, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggad308.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1384","endPage":"1402","ipdsId":"IP-146378","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggad308","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":419761,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"235","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langer, Leah 0000-0002-5384-0500","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5384-0500","contributorId":298853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"Leah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":880108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollitz, Frederick 0000-0002-4060-2706 fpollitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4060-2706","contributorId":139578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"Frederick","email":"fpollitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":880109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGuire, Jeffrey J. 0000-0001-9235-2166","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-2166","contributorId":219786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Jeffrey J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":880110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70247871,"text":"70247871 - 2023 - Long short-term memory models to quantify long-term evolution of streamflow discharge and groundwater depth in Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-22T12:27:46.269762","indexId":"70247871","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-03T07:25:16","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long short-term memory models to quantify long-term evolution of streamflow discharge and groundwater depth in Alabama","docAbstract":"Long short-term memory (LSTM) models have been shown to be efficient for rainfall-runoff modeling, and to a lesser extent, for groundwater depth forecasting. In this study, LSTMs were applied to quantify the spatiotemporal evolution of surface and subsurface hydrographs in Alabama in the Southeastern United States, where water sustainability has not been fully quantified across spatiotemporal scales. First, the surface water LSTM model with extensive dynamic (precipitation and other weather variables) and static (basin characteristics) inputs predicted the main characteristics of streamflow for six years at 19 gauged basins in Alabama. The model tended to underestimate extremely high streamflow but adding drainage density as an input feature slightly improved the predictions of extreme events. Second, to predict the groundwater depth evolution, a groundwater LSTM (GW-LSTM) model was proposed and applied using static inputs capturing the aquifers' hydrogeological properties and dynamic inputs of meteorological information. Three precipitation scenarios were also explored to evaluate the groundwater hydrograph evolution in the next two decades. The GW-LSTM model predicted the general trend of daily groundwater depth fluctuations (at 21 wells distributed across Alabama from 1990 to 2021) including most extremely high groundwater levels, and recovered groundwater depth for locations withheld from model training and validation. This study, therefore, extended the application of LSTMs in quantifying the spatiotemporal evolution of surface water and groundwater, two manifestations of a single integrated resource.
Drought and intensive land use can interact as stressors on riparian vegetation, especially along rivers flowing through seasonally dry landscapes. Knowledge of past riparian vegetation response to drought and land use change can provide land managers with a better understanding of changes induced by upstream management actions, climate change, and chronic stressors. To investigate the response of riparian vegetation productivity to drought and land use, we developed a 21-year time series (2000–2020) of growing season vegetation dynamics using near-infrared reflectance of vegetation (NIRV) derived from satellite data across 30 watershed subbasins that drain into the San Francisco Bay Delta in central California, USA. We observed a strong response of riparian vegetation to drought, but rapid recovery and very few long-term declines in productivity. At a local level, vegetation communities' response to drought and post-drought productivity dynamics were highly variable across biophysical settings and land use gradients. Most of the riparian areas with long-term declines in NIRV were located in the lower elevation Coast Range on the western side of the study area where there is little to no water engineering or agricultural irrigation runoff to subsidize riparian vegetation. Riparian areas with the greatest long-term increase were along rivers draining the higher elevation Sierra Nevada range to the east. Our results suggest that river systems with a high proportion of water originating as snowmelt may be more buffered against long-term drought-driven declines in productivity than those dependent exclusively on winter rainfall. The long-term increase in NIRV in the vast majority of riparian areas within our study area may also have been driven in part by increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, which have been shown to increase plant water use efficiency.
Invasive annual grasses can promote ecosystem state changes and habitat loss in the American Southwest. Non-native annual grasses such as Bromus spp. and Schismus spp. have invaded the Mojave Desert and degraded habitat through increased fire occurrence, severity, and shifting plant community composition. Thus, it is important to identify and characterize the areas where persistent invasion has occurred, identifying where subsequent habitat degradation has increased. Previous plot and landscape-scale analyses have revealed anthropogenic and biophysical correlates with the establishment and dominance of invasive annual grasses in the Mojave Desert. However, these studies have been limited in spatial and temporal scales. Here we use Landsat imagery validated using an extensive network of plot data to map persistent and productive populations of invasive annual grass, called hot spots, across the entire Mojave Desert ecoregion over 12 years (2009–2020). We also identify important variables for predicting hot spot distribution using the Random Forest algorithm and identifying the most invaded subregions. We identified hot spots in over 5% of the Mojave Desert mostly on the western and eastern edges of the ecoregion, and invasive grasses were detected in over 90% of the Mojave Desert at least once in that time. Across the entire Mojave Desert, our results indicate that soil texture, aspect, winter precipitation, and elevation are the highest-ranking predictive variables of invasive grass hot spots, while anthropogenic variables contributed the least to the accuracy of the predictive model. The total area covered by hot spots varied significantly among subregions of the Mojave Desert. We found that anthropogenic variables became more important in explaining invasive annual establishment and persistence as spatial scale was reduced to the subregional level. Our findings have important implications for informing where land management actions can prioritize reducing invasive annual persistence and promoting restoration efforts.
Various interference reactions producing unwanted Ar isotopes from K, Ca, Cl and Ar require correction to satisfy the 40Ar/39Ar age equation. Using GEANT4, we design and build a model Cadmium Lined In Core Irradiation Tube (CLICIT) irradiation facility, as used in the Oregon State TRIGA Reactor (OSTR). We illustrate the complexity of the irradiation of geologic samples within this framework and determine an overlooked production channel of 36Ar. The production of 36Ar is fed from the 39K(n,α)36Cl nuclear channel, 36Cl subsequently decays to 36Ar (39K(n,α,β) 36Ar). Simulations in this work using a 235U fission neutron energy spectrum and modelled CLICIT facility, determine a production ratio for this reaction (36Cl/39Ar)K = 0.40 ± 0.01 (1σ); greater than an order of magnitude larger than any other K interference. The magnitude of the resulting age bias for an unknown sample will be a function of the integrated neutron flux, the length of irradiation (fluence), the time elapsed since irradiation, and the age relationship between the unknown and neutron fluence monitor. We show using the raw data of (Niespolo et al., 2017) that the age of Alder Creek sanidine can be modified to be ca. 0.1% older (1σ), at the 2σ level of current analytical precision for the Alder Creek age for this study. The 39K(n,α,β)36Ar inference should be incorporated into routine data analysis and may be especially important in the intercalibration of the 40Ar/39Ar system with other chronometers (e.g., 206Pb/238U).
The extent and seasonality of Arctic sea ice during the Last Interglacial (129,000 to 115,000 years before present) is poorly known. Sediment-based reconstructions have suggested extensive ice cover in summer, while climate model outputs indicate year-round conditions in the Arctic Ocean ranging from ice free to fully ice covered. Here we use microfossil records from across the central Arctic Ocean to show that sea-ice extent was substantially reduced and summers were probably ice free. The evidence comes from high abundances of the subpolar planktic foraminifera Turborotalita quinqueloba in five newly analysed cores. The northern occurrence of this species is incompatible with perennial sea ice, which would be associated with a thick, low-salinity surface water. Instead, T. quinqueloba’s ecological preference implies largely ice-free surface waters with seasonally elevated levels of primary productivity. In the modern ocean, this species thrives in the Fram Strait–Barents Sea ‘Arctic–Atlantic gateway’ region, implying that the necessary Atlantic Ocean-sourced water masses shoaled towards the surface during the Last Interglacial. This process reflects the ongoing Atlantification of the Arctic Ocean, currently restricted to the Eurasian Basin. Our results establish the Last Interglacial as a prime analogue for studying a seasonally ice-free Arctic Ocean, expected to occur this century.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of the A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996 lineage H5 clade 2.3.4.4b continue to have a devastating effect on domestic and wild birds. Full genome sequence analyses using 1369 H5N1 HPAIVs detected in the United States (U.S.) in wild birds, commercial poultry, and backyard flocks from December 2021 to April 2022, showed three phylogenetically distinct H5N1 virus introductions in the U.S. by wild birds. Unreassorted Eurasian genotypes A1 and A2 entered the Northeast Atlantic states, whereas a genetically distinct A3 genotype was detected in Alaska. The A1 genotype spread westward via wild bird migration and reassorted with North American wild bird avian influenza viruses. Reassortments of up to five internal genes generated a total of 21 distinct clusters; of these, six genotypes represented 92% of the HPAIVs examined. By phylodynamic analyses, most detections in domestic birds were shown to be point-source transmissions from wild birds, with limited farm-to-farm spread.
The goal of this paper was to review the evidence of population-level impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill (DWH) on Gulf of Mexico (GOM) continental shelf taxa, as well as evidence of resiliency following the DWH. There is considerable environmental and biological evidence that GOM shelf taxa were exposed to and suffered direct and indirect impacts of the DWH. Numerous assessments, from mesocosm studies to analysis of biopsied tissue or tissue samples from necropsied animals, revealed a constellation of physiological effects related to DWH impacts on GOM biota, some of which clearly or likely resulted in mortality. While the estimated concentrations of hydrocarbons in shelf waters and sediments were orders of magnitude lower than measured in inshore or deep GOM environments, the level of mortality observed or predicted was substantial for many shelf taxa. In some cases, such as for zooplankton, community shifts following the spill were ephemeral, likely reflecting high rates of population turnover and productivity. In other taxa, such as GOM reef fishes, impacts of the spill are confounded with other stressors, such as fishing mortality or the appearance and rapid population growth of invasive lionfish (Pterois spp.). In yet others, such as cetaceans, modeling efforts to predict population-level effects of the DWH made conservative assumptions given the species’ protected status, which post-DWH population assessments either failed to detect or population increases were estimated. A persistent theme that emerged was the lack of precise population-level data or assessments prior to the DWH for many taxa, but even when data or assessments did exist, examining evidence of population resiliency was confounded by other stressors impacting GOM biota. Unless efforts are made to increase the resolution of the data or precision of population assessments, difficulties will likely remain in estimating the scale of population-level effects or resiliency in the case of future large-scale environmental catastrophes.
Anthrax is a lethal bacterial zoonosis primarily affecting herbivorous wildlife and livestock. Upon host death Bacillus anthracis vegetative cells form spores capable of surviving for years in soil. Anthrax transmission requires host exposure to large spore doses. Thus, conditions that facilitate higher spore concentrations or promote spore survival will increase the probability that a pathogen reservoir infects future hosts. We investigated abiotic and pathogen genomic variation in relation to spore concentrations in surface soils (0e1 cm depth) at 40 plains zebra (Equus quagga) anthrax carcass sites in Namibia. Specifically, how initial spore concentrations and spore survival were affected by seasonality associated with the timing of host mortality, local soil characteristics, and pathogen genomic variation. Zebras dying of anthrax in wet seasons-the peak season for anthrax in Etosha National Park-had soil spore concentrations 1.36 orders of magnitude higher than those that died in dry seasons. No other variables considered affected spore concentrations, and spore survival rates did not differ among sites. Surface soils at these pathogen reservoirs remained culture positive for a range of 3.8e10.4 years after host death. Future research could evaluate if seasonal patterns in spore concentrations are driven by differences in sporulation success or levels of terminal bacteremia.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104029","usgsCitation":"Barandongo, Z.R., Dolfi, A., Bruce, S.A., Rysava, K., Huang, Y., Joel, H., Hassim, A., Kamath, P., Heerden, H.V., and Turner, W.C., 2023, The persistence of time: The lifespan of Bacillus anthracis spores in environmental reservoirs: Research in Microbiology, v. 174, no. 6, 104029, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104029.","productDescription":"104029, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-146808","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104029","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433269,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Namibia","otherGeospatial":"Etosha National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 15.631298273767158,\n -18.446804888155214\n ],\n [\n 15.631298273767158,\n -19.127116020049513\n ],\n [\n 16.808644648105826,\n -19.127116020049513\n ],\n [\n 16.808644648105826,\n -18.446804888155214\n ],\n [\n 15.631298273767158,\n -18.446804888155214\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"174","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barandongo, Zoe R.","contributorId":342312,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barandongo","given":"Zoe","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dolfi, Amelie C.","contributorId":342314,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dolfi","given":"Amelie C.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bruce, Spencer A.","contributorId":342317,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bruce","given":"Spencer","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":48981,"text":"State University of New York","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rysava, Kristyna","contributorId":342320,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rysava","given":"Kristyna","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Huang, Yen-Hua","contributorId":342322,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huang","given":"Yen-Hua","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Joel, Hendrina","contributorId":342324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joel","given":"Hendrina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39588,"text":"University of Namibia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hassim, Ayesha","contributorId":342327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hassim","given":"Ayesha","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48053,"text":"University of Pretoria","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":909999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kamath, Pauline L.","contributorId":342329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kamath","given":"Pauline L.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Heerden, Henriette van","contributorId":342333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heerden","given":"Henriette","email":"","middleInitial":"van","affiliations":[{"id":39588,"text":"University of Namibia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Turner, Wendy Christine 0000-0002-0302-1646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0302-1646","contributorId":287053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"Christine","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":910002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70248957,"text":"70248957 - 2023 - Geomorphometric analysis of the Summit and Ridge classes of the Geographic Names Information System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-27T18:24:40.502721","indexId":"70248957","displayToPublicDate":"2023-08-01T13:18:21","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"displayTitle":"Geomorphometric analysis of the Summit and Ridge classes of the Geographic Names Information System","title":"Geomorphometric analysis of the Summit and Ridge classes of the Geographic Names Information System","docAbstract":"This research aims to conduct a geosemantic comparison of landforms classified in the Summit and Ridge feature classes in the Geographic Names Information System (GNIS). The comparison is based on a 2D shape analysis of manually delineated polygons produced by USGS staff to correspond to 33,304 Summit and 8,006 Ridge features. Five shape measures were chosen for this specific geomorphometry-based analysis. Univariate and bivariate statistics are first calculated to compare the two feature classes. This is followed by unsupervised learning with k-means cluster analysis to identify two major geomorphometric clusters corresponding to Summit and Ridge features. Although this supports sufficient internal homogeneity to have stable Summit and Ridge feature classes, more than 7,500 (18%) special features were also identified, which were assigned by k-means to the cluster not corresponding to their given GNIS class. These features remain to be analyzed further to decide if GNIS features should be reclassified based on geomorphometric analysis of available polygonal representations.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphometry 2023 proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Geomorphometry 2023","conferenceDate":"July 10-14, 2023","conferenceLocation":"Iasi, Romania","language":"English","publisher":"International Society for Geomorphometry","usgsCitation":"Gaurav, S., Arundel, S., Somadder, R., Martin, D., and McKeehan, K.G., 2023, Geomorphometric analysis of the Summit and Ridge classes of the Geographic Names Information System, in Geomorphometry 2023 proceedings, Iasi, Romania, July 10-14, 2023, p. 30-33.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"33","ipdsId":"IP-150242","costCenters":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":421278,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":421277,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.geo.uaic.ro/geomorphometry2023/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaurav, Sinha 0000-0002-1280-6269","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1280-6269","contributorId":330211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaurav","given":"Sinha","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12807,"text":"Ohio University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arundel, Samantha T. 0000-0002-4863-0138 sarundel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4863-0138","contributorId":192598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arundel","given":"Samantha","email":"sarundel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":404,"text":"NGTOC Rolla","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":884346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Somadder, Romim","contributorId":330216,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Somadder","given":"Romim","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12807,"text":"Ohio University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, David P.","contributorId":330212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin","given":"David P.","affiliations":[{"id":48960,"text":"Duke Energy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":884349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKeehan, Kevin G 0000-0002-7242-6954","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7242-6954","contributorId":330206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKeehan","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"G","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":884350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70248120,"text":"70248120 - 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Inaccurate diagnosis of cause of death undermines law enforcement, management, threat assessment, and mitigation. We found 410 dead birds collected along 196 km of power lines in four western USA states during 2019 – 2022. We necropsied these carcasses to test conventional wisdom suggesting that electrocution is the leading cause of death of birds at electrical infrastructure. Of 175 birds with a known cause of death, 66% died from gunshot. Both raptors and corvids were more likely to die from gunshot than from other causes, along both transmission and distribution lines. Past mitigation to reduce avian deaths along power lines has focused almost exclusively on reducing electrocutions or collisions. Our work suggests that, although electrocution and collision remain important, addressing illegal shooting now may have greater relevance for avian conservation.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.isci.2023.107274","usgsCitation":"Thomason, E.C., Turley, N.J., Belthoff, J.R., Conkling, T., and Katzner, T., 2023, Illegal shooting is now a leading cause of death of birds along power lines in the western USA: iScience, v. 26, no. 8, 107274, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.107274.","productDescription":"107274, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-150686","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442558,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.107274","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":419414,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana. 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