{"pageNumber":"252","pageRowStart":"6275","pageSize":"25","recordCount":11360,"records":[{"id":70180929,"text":"70180929 - 1993 - Conservation genetics of managed ungulate populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-08T17:38:34","indexId":"70180929","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":648,"text":"Acta Theriologica","onlineIssn":"2190-3743","printIssn":"0001-7051","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conservation genetics of managed ungulate populations","docAbstract":"<p>Natural populations of many species are increasingly impacted by human activities. Perturbations are particularly pronunced for large ungulates due in part to sport and commercial harvest, to reductions and fragmentation of native habitat, and as the result of reintroductions. These perturbations affect population size, sex and age composition, and population breeding structure, and as a consequence affect the levels and partitioning of genetic variation. Three case histories highlighting long-term ecological genetic research on mule <i>deer Odocoileus hemionus</i> (Rafinesque, 1817), white-tailed deer <i>O</i>. <i>virginianus</i> (Zimmermann, 1780), and Alpine ibex <i>Capra i. ibex</i> Linnaeus, 1758 are presented. Joint examinations of population ecological and genetic data from several populations of each species reveal: (1) that populations are not in genetic equilibrium, but that allele frequencies and heterozygosity change dramatically over time and among cohorts produced in successive years, (2) populations are genetically structured over short and large geographic distances reflecting local breeding structure and patterns of gene flow, respectively; however, this structure is quite dynamic over time, due in part to population exploitation, and (3) restocking programs are often undertaken with small numbers of founding individuals resulting in dramatic declines in levels of genetic variability and increasing levels of genetic differentiation among populations due to genetic drift. Genetic characteristics have and will continue to provide valuable indirect sources of information relating enviromental and human perturbations to changes in population processes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Polska Akademia Nauk","doi":"10.4098/AT.arch.93-44","usgsCitation":"Scribner, K.T., 1993, Conservation genetics of managed ungulate populations: Acta Theriologica, v. 38, no. 2, p. 89-101, https://doi.org/10.4098/AT.arch.93-44.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"101","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479491,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4098/at.arch.93-44","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":334984,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351388,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://rcin.org.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=12252"}],"volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589c3c50e4b0efcedb741119","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":146113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":16582,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Zoology, 480 Wilson Rd. 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017738,"text":"70017738 - 1993 - Methane in permafrost - Preliminary results from coring at Fairbanks, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:54","indexId":"70017738","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Methane in permafrost - Preliminary results from coring at Fairbanks, Alaska","docAbstract":"Permafrost has been suggested as a high-latitude source of methane (a greenhouse gas) during global warming. To begin to assess the magnitude of this source, we have examined the methane content of permafrost in samples from shallow cores (maximum depth, 9.5m) at three sites in Fairbanks, Alaska, where discontinuous permafrost is common. These cores sampled frozen loess, peat, and water (ice) below the active layer. Methane contents of permafrost range from <0.001 to 22.2mg/kg of sample. The highest methane content of 22.2mg/kg was found in association with peat at one site. Silty loess had high methane contents at each site of 6.56, 4.24, and 0.152mg/kg, respectively. Carbon isotopic compositions of the methane (??13C) ranged from -70.8 to -103.9 ???, and hydrogen isotopic compositions of the methane (??D) from -213 to -313 ???, indicating that the methane is microbial in origin. The methane concentrations were used in a one dimensional heat conduction model to predict the amount of methane that will be released from permafrost worldwide over the next 100 years, given two climate change scenarios. Our results indicate that at least 30 years will elapse before melting permafrost releases important amounts of methane; a maximum methane release rate will be about 25 to 30 Tg/yr, assuming that methane is generally distributed in shallow permafrost as observed in our samples.","largerWorkTitle":"Chemosphere","language":"English","issn":"00456535","usgsCitation":"Kvenvolden, K., and Lorenson, T., 1993, Methane in permafrost - Preliminary results from coring at Fairbanks, Alaska, <i>in</i> Chemosphere, v. 26, no. 1-4, p. 609-616.","startPage":"609","endPage":"616","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a552fe4b0c8380cd6d162","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kvenvolden, K.A.","contributorId":80674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lorenson, T.D.","contributorId":7715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70184262,"text":"70184262 - 1993 - Are Bald Eagles important predators of Emperor Geese?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:32:04","indexId":"70184262","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are Bald Eagles important predators of Emperor Geese?","docAbstract":"<p>Bald Eagles (<i>Haliaeetus leucocephalus</i>) and geese often occur together, especially at sites used by geese for migrational staging and wintering. Although numerous studies have been directed at these taxa, there are only anecdotal accounts (Parris et al. 1980, Bennett and Klaas 1986, Bartley 1988) of Bald Eagles killing healthy geese at any time of the year (but see Raveling and Zezulak 1991). Most species of geese may be too large, as suggested by Shetrod et al. (1976) and Palmer (1988), or they may not regularly allow eagles an advantageous attack position (J.M. Gerrard <i>in litt</i>.).</p><p>Here we report observations of attacks on Emperor Geese (<i>Chen canagica</i>) by Bald Eagles on the Alaska Peninsula in autumn. We discuss these and other observations of eagle-goose interactions <i>vis-a-vis</i> the role of Bald Eagles as predators of Emperor Geese.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Raptor Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Gill, R., and Kincheloe, K.L., 1993, Are Bald Eagles important predators of Emperor Geese?: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 27, no. 1, p. 34-36.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"36","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336876,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Peninsula","volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58be8340e4b014cc3a3a9a27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kincheloe, Karen L.","contributorId":179365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kincheloe","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70182806,"text":"70182806 - 1993 - Tilting, burial, and uplift of the Guadalupe Igneous Complex, Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-14T14:35:29.861292","indexId":"70182806","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tilting, burial, and uplift of the Guadalupe Igneous Complex, Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"<p>It is often incorrectly assumed that plutons have a relatively uneventful structural history after emplacement. The 151 Ma Guadalupe Igneous Complex (GIC) in the Foothills Terrane, California, was involved in three post-emplacement events: (1) ∼30° of southwestside-up tilting during ductile regional faulting and contraction, (2) burial of the pluton from ∼4 to 12 km during crustal thickening of the wall rocks, and (3) uplift with only minor tilting in the Late Cretaceous. Tilting of the pluton is indicated by (1) southwest to northeast gradational changes from layered gabbros and diorites to granites and granophyres; (2) northeastward dips of layering in gabbro, internal contacts, and bedding of overlying coeval(?) volcanic rocks; (3) northeastward decrease in wall-rock metamorphic grade; and (4) paleomagnetic data from 14 localities across the pluton. We argue that tilting occurred between 146-135 Ma during southwest-northeast-directed regional contraction. This contraction is indicated by widespread folds and cleavages and by reverse motion on the Bear Mountains fault zone (BMFZ), a large northeast-dipping shear zone that bounds the GIC on its southwest side. Burial of the GIC, which overlapped in time but outlasted tilting, is suggested by (1) post-emplacement contractional faulting, folding, and cleavage development; (2) analyses of strains associated with widespread cleavage that indicate vertical thickening of ∼100% and (3) microstructural and mineral assemblage data that indicate shallow emplacement of the GIC, in contrast to mineral assemblage and limited geobarometric data from adjacent 120-110 Ma plutons that indicate moderate emplacement levels. Late Cretaceous uplift is indicated by 95-75 Ma sedimentary rocks that unconformably overlie the 120-110 Ma plutons.</p><p>This geologic history is interesting for several reasons. First, although the GIC participated in extensive post-emplacement deformation, it lacks internal structural evidence of these events, except locally along the Bear Mountains fault zone. Second, the agreement between paleomagnetic and structural evidence for tilting suggests that no large latitudinal displacement of the GIC is required. Third, the paleomagnetic data also help to define the geometry of the magma chamber now represented by the GIC. Lack of streaking of paleomagnetic site-mean directions demonstrates that the pluton acted as a single unit after cooling through the blocking temperature (450-560 °C) of low-titanium titanomagnetite; however, variations in the dip of internal layering and contacts, from 70° at the base to 30° near the top of the pluton, indicate that not all of these features were horizontal and planar when they formed. We propose that this variation in dip of layering is most consistent with sidewall crystallization of magma resulting in drape of layering along the walls of the intrusion. Therefore, internal layering within this pluton does not record paleohorizontal.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<1310:TBAUOT>2.3.co;2","usgsCitation":"Haeussler, P.J., and Paterson, S.R., 1993, Tilting, burial, and uplift of the Guadalupe Igneous Complex, Sierra Nevada, California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 105, no. 10, p. 1310-1320, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<1310:TBAUOT>2.3.co;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1310","endPage":"1320","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336358,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.97211174693655,\n              37.502226358477955\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.11611293878741,\n              37.502226358477955\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.11611293878741,\n              37.411135540771724\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.97211174693655,\n              37.411135540771724\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.97211174693655,\n              37.502226358477955\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"105","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a44e4b01ccd54ff3fde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paterson, Scott R.","contributorId":38338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paterson","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017489,"text":"70017489 - 1993 - Mercury, arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River, Bethel, Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:57","indexId":"70017489","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury, arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River, Bethel, Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. ?? 1993 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00789322","issn":"01775146","usgsCitation":"Belkin, H., and Sparck, H., 1993, Mercury, arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River, Bethel, Alaska, USA: Environmental Geology, v. 22, no. 2, p. 106-110, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00789322.","startPage":"106","endPage":"110","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206172,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00789322"},{"id":228978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5435e4b0c8380cd6cef4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belkin, H. E. 0000-0001-7879-6529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":38160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"H. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sparck, H.M.","contributorId":43518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparck","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":87165,"text":"87165 - 1993 - Annual and Spatial Variation of the Kelp Forest Fish Assemblage at San Nicolas Island, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-21T13:27:10","indexId":"87165","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Annual and Spatial Variation of the Kelp Forest Fish Assemblage at San Nicolas Island, California","docAbstract":"<p>The kelp forest fishes of San Nicolas Island, California were studied from 1981-1986 to examine the causes of among-site and among-year variation in the fish assemblages. Fish counts and seven physical and biological variables were recorded at six sites around the island every spring and fall. Over the study period, a total of 45 fish species from 18 families were recorded, though members of nive families dominated at all sites. Among-site variation was considereable with two sites on the south side of the island having two to four times as many non-schooling fishes as the other four sites. Three variables, based on stepwise multiple regression techniques, were important predictors of site-specific fish abundance: 1) vertical relief; 2) sand cover and 3) understory algal cover. The total number of fishes varied interannually by a factor of three. Due to recruitment occuring each spring, there was a strong seasonal component to the variation in fish abundance. The extent of seasonal and interannual variaton of fish abundance is an indication of the variable nature of recruitment to this area. Over the 6 yr period, there were three distinct groupings of fish assemblages correspondong to pre- (Fall 1981 - Fall 1982), during spring (Spring 1983 - Spring 1984) and post El Nino (Fall 1984 - Fall 1986) sampling dates. During El Nino sampling period, there was considerable recruitment of southern affinity fish species, increasing both the abundance and diversity of the fish assemblages. Large-scale oceanographic processes, coupled with site-specific features of the reef habitat, produce a moderately diverse, though relatively abundant fish fauna at San Nicolas Island.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Third California Islands Symposium","conferenceTitle":"Third California Islands Symposium","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Cowen, R., and Bodkin, J.L., 1993, Annual and Spatial Variation of the Kelp Forest Fish Assemblage at San Nicolas Island, California, <i>in</i> Third California Islands Symposium, p. 463-473.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"463","endPage":"473","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Nicolas Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.57794189453125,\n              33.284619968887704\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.56146240234375,\n              33.274861346151496\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.54566955566406,\n              33.28519397154413\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.53056335449219,\n              33.28691595686207\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.4934844970703,\n              33.271990955382115\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.46876525878906,\n              33.267398133880754\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.43031311035155,\n              33.246153192679756\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.42619323730469,\n              33.22605187269161\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.44473266601561,\n              33.211116472416855\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.48043823242189,\n              33.205945932210035\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.52438354492186,\n              33.2139888627714\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.54841613769531,\n              33.22432868739248\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.57382202148439,\n              33.24213329838942\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.58137512207031,\n              33.26280507083056\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.57794189453125,\n              33.284619968887704\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bc24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cowen, R.J.","contributorId":71119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowen","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70189294,"text":"70189294 - 1993 - Population dynamics of the Laysan and other albatrosses in the North Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-09T11:23:11","indexId":"70189294","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5455,"text":"Bulletin of the International North Pacific Fisheries Comission","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"seriesNumber":"53(III)","title":"Population dynamics of the Laysan and other albatrosses in the North Pacific","docAbstract":"<p>Laysan albatrosses (<i>Diomedea immutabilis</i>) are among the most prominent bird species which interact with commercial fisheries in the North Pacific. They are attracted to fishing nets and vessels and feed extensively on animals caught in nets, waste fish, offal, and refuse discarded from vessels. Approximately 17,500 individuals were killed in the five major high seas driftnet fisheries in 1990. Laysan albatross numbers are still increasing after being decimated in the early 1900's. Mortality in the high seas driftnet fisheries is reducing the recover rate by an estimated 0.4 to 1.6% per year depending on the intrinsic growth rate of the population. The impact of the fisheries is thought to be more severe on the less abundant black-footed albatross (<i>Diomedea nigripes</i>) which is also increasing but at a lower rate. No driftnet mortalities have been reported for the short-tailed albatross (<i>Diomedea albatrus</i>).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"International North Pacific Fisheries Comission Bulletin 53(III): Catch and Fishery Impact (All Species)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Symosium on Biology, Distribution, and Stock Assessment of Species Caught in the High Seas Driftnet Fisheries in the North Pacific Ocean","conferenceDate":"November 4-6, 1991","conferenceLocation":"Tokyo, Japan","language":"English","publisher":"International North Pacific Fisheries Comission","publisherLocation":"Vancouver, BC","usgsCitation":"Gould, P.J., and Hobbs, R., 1993, Population dynamics of the Laysan and other albatrosses in the North Pacific, <i>in</i> International North Pacific Fisheries Comission Bulletin 53(III): Catch and Fishery Impact (All Species), Tokyo, Japan, November 4-6, 1991, p. 485-497.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"485","endPage":"497","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343496,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":343495,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.npafc.org/new/inpfc_publications_Bulletins.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59634098e4b0d1f9f059d810","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ito, J.","contributorId":31534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ito","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703994,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaw, W.","contributorId":131108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaw","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703995,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burgner, R.L.","contributorId":107661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgner","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703996,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Gould, Patrick J.","contributorId":11667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gould","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hobbs, Rod","contributorId":194349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hobbs","given":"Rod","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":16949,"text":"ofr9394 - 1993 - Channel geometry data of streams in the lower Drift River basin affected by the 1989-90 eruptions of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-17T15:20:51.129702","indexId":"ofr9394","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-94","title":"Channel geometry data of streams in the lower Drift River basin affected by the 1989-90 eruptions of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9394","usgsCitation":"Dorava, J., May, B., Meyer, D.F., and Myers, L., 1993, Channel geometry data of streams in the lower Drift River basin affected by the 1989-90 eruptions of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-94, iv, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9394.","productDescription":"iv, 66 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":46058,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0094/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150232,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0094/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e6324","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorava, J.M.","contributorId":68756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorava","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"May, B.A.","contributorId":8872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, D. F.","contributorId":21167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Myers, L.V.","contributorId":84392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"L.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70185279,"text":"70185279 - 1993 - Histopathologic lesions in sea otters exposed to crude oil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-28T16:46:25","indexId":"70185279","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3687,"text":"Veterinary Pathology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Histopathologic lesions in sea otters exposed to crude oil","docAbstract":"<p><span>Following the </span><i>Exxon Valdez</i><span> oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska, sea otters (</span><i>Enhydra lutris</i><span>) that appeared to be contaminated with oil, that were in danger of becoming contaminated, or that were behaving abnormally were captured and taken to rehabilitation centers. Exposure to oil was assessed by visual examination when otters arrived at the centers. Degree of oil exposure was graded according to the following criteria: oil covering greater than 60% of the body - heavily contaminated; oil covering 30–60% of the body - moderately contaminated; oil covering less than 30% of the body or light sheen on fur - lightly contaminated. If there was no oil visible, otters were considered uncontaminated. Tissues from 51 oil-contaminated sea otters (14 males, 37 females) and from six uncontaminated sea otters (three males, three females) that died in rehabilitation centers were examined histologically. Among oil-contaminated sea otters, 19/46 had interstitial pulmonary emphysema, 13/40 had gastric erosion and hemorrhage, 11/47 had centrilobular hepatic necrosis, 14/47 had periportal to diffuse hepatic lipidosis, and 10/42 had renal tubular lipidosis. Of the uncontaminated sea otters, 1/6 had gastric erosion and hemorrhage and 1/6 had diffuse hepatic lipidosis. Histologic examinations were performed on tissues from five sea otters (three males, two females) found dead with external oil present 15 to 16 days after the spill. Periportal hepatic lipidosis and renal tubular lipidosis were found in 3/5, and interstitial pulmonary emphysema was found in 1/5. Tissues from six apparently normal sea otters (four males, two females) collected from an area not affected by an oil spill were examined histologically, and none of these lesions were found. We conclude that interstitial pulmonary emphysema, centrilobular hepatic necrosis, and hepatic and renal lipidosis of sea otters were associated with exposure to crude oil. Gastric erosion and hemorrhage may have been associated with stress of captivity and/or oil exposure.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"SAGE Journals","doi":"10.1177/030098589303000101","usgsCitation":"Lipscomb, T., Harris, R., Moeller, R., Pletcher, J., Haebler, R., and Ballachey, B.E., 1993, Histopathologic lesions in sea otters exposed to crude oil: Veterinary Pathology, v. 30, no. 1, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1177/030098589303000101.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/030098589303000101","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337819,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ccf5a1e4b0849ce97f0d0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipscomb, T.P.","contributorId":174540,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lipscomb","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, R.K.","contributorId":189492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harris","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moeller, R.B.","contributorId":189498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moeller","given":"R.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pletcher, J.M.","contributorId":189499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pletcher","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haebler, R.J.","contributorId":189500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haebler","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70187904,"text":"70187904 - 1993 - Losses of seabirds in gill nets in the North Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-24T20:31:22","indexId":"70187904","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Losses of seabirds in gill nets in the North Pacific","docAbstract":"<p>Existing knowledge on high-seas and coastal gillnet fisheries known to kill seabirds in the North Pacific is summarized. Recent estimates suggest that high-seas gillnet fisheries may have taken more than 500,000 seabirds in 1990. The majority of birds taken in those fisheries were Sooty <i>Puffinus griseus </i>or Short-tailed <i>P. tenuirostris</i> shearwaters. A recent analysis of impacts of those fisheries suggests that both shearwater populations may be declining slightly, although overall populations remain large. Impacts on seabirds of gillnet fishing in coastal waters are poorly known, except in California. Incidental mortality of seabirds in coastal gillnet fisheries may be adding additional stress to populations already compromised by habitat destruction and oil spills. Local populations of Marbled Murrelets <i>Brachyramphus marmoratus</i>, Common Murres <i>Uria aalge</i>, and Japanese Murrelets <i>Synthliboramphus wumizusume</i> may be particularly vulnerable to coastal gillnet fisheries. United National General Assembly Resolution 44/225 called for a moratorium on high-seas gillnet fishing by 30 June 1992. Japan has complied and Korea and Taiwan will comply with the moratorium.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The status, ecology and conservation of marine birds of the North Pacific","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"The status, ecology and conservation of marine birds of the North Pacific: A symposium sponsored by the Pacific Seabird Group, the Canadian Wildlife Service, and the British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks","conferenceDate":"February 22-23, 1990","conferenceLocation":"Victoria, BC","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, ON","isbn":"9780662203599","usgsCitation":"DeGange, A.R., Day, R.H., Takekawa, J.E., and Mendenhall, V.M., 1993, Losses of seabirds in gill nets in the North Pacific, <i>in</i> The status, ecology and conservation of marine birds of the North Pacific, Victoria, BC, February 22-23, 1990, p. 204-211.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"204","endPage":"211","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341641,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345122,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pacificseabirdgroup.org/psg-publications/symposia/the-status-ecology-and-conservation-of-marine-birds-of-the-north-pacific/"}],"otherGeospatial":"North Pacific","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59269bd1e4b0b7ff9fb489d6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Vermeer, Kees","contributorId":103524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vermeer","given":"Kees","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695939,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, K.T.","contributorId":111861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695940,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan, K.H.","contributorId":111516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695941,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Siegel-Causey, D.","contributorId":113787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegel-Causey","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695942,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"DeGange, Anthony R. tdegange@usgs.gov","contributorId":139765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGange","given":"Anthony","email":"tdegange@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":695935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day, Robert H.","contributorId":74446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Day","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takekawa, Jean E.","contributorId":146991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Takekawa","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16768,"text":"USFWS, Nisqually NWR, Olympia, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mendenhall, Vivian M.","contributorId":98405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendenhall","given":"Vivian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":695938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70187909,"text":"70187909 - 1993 - Seabirds of the central North Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T12:17:04","indexId":"70187909","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Seabirds of the central North Pacific","docAbstract":"<p><span mce-data-marked=\"1\">No abstract available.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The status, ecology and conservation of marine birds of the North Pacific","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"The status, ecology and conservation of marine birds of the North Pacific: A symposium sponsored by the Pacific Seabird Group, the Canadian Wildlife Service, and the British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks","conferenceDate":"February 22-23, 1990","conferenceLocation":"Victoria, BC","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, ON","isbn":"9780662203599","usgsCitation":"Gould, P., and Piatt, J.F., 1993, Seabirds of the central North Pacific, <i>in</i> The status, ecology and conservation of marine birds of the North Pacific, Victoria, BC, February 22-23, 1990, p. 27-38.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"38","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341645,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North Pacific","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59269bd1e4b0b7ff9fb489d4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Vermeer, Kees","contributorId":103524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vermeer","given":"Kees","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695949,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, K.T.","contributorId":111861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695952,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan, K.H.","contributorId":111516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695953,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Siegel-Causey, D.","contributorId":113787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegel-Causey","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695954,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Gould, P.J.","contributorId":6416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gould","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018274,"text":"70018274 - 1993 - Subsurface temperatures and geothermal gradients on the north slope of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-08T16:51:39.977751","indexId":"70018274","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1264,"text":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsurface temperatures and geothermal gradients on the north slope of Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>On the North Slope of Alaska, geothermal gradient data are available from high-resolution, equilibrated well-bore surveys and from estimates based on well-log identification of the base of ice-bearing permafrost. A total of 46 North Slope wells, considered to be in or near thermal equilibrium, have been surveyed with high-resolution temperatures devices and geothermal gradients can be interpreted directly from these recorded temperature profiles. To augment the limited North Slope temperature data base, a new method of evaluating local geothermal gradients has been developed. In this method, a series of well-log picks for the base of the ice-bearing permafrost from 102 wells have been used, along with regional temperature constants derived from the high-resolution stabilized well-bore temperature surveys, to project geothermal gradients. Geothermal gradients calculated from the high-resolution temperature surveys generally agree with those projected from known ice-bearing permafrost depths over most of the North Slope. Values in the ice-bearing permafrost range from&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>&amp;#x2248;</mtext><mtext>1.5&amp;#xB0;</mtext><mtext>C</mtext><mtext>100</mtext><mtext>m</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">≈1.5°C100m</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;in the Prudhoe Bay area to&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>&amp;#x2248;</mtext><mtext>4.5&amp;#x3B4;</mtext><mtext>C</mtext><mtext>100</mtext><mtext>m</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">≈4.5<i>δ</i>C100m</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;in the east-central portion of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska. Geothermal gradients below the ice-bearing permafrost sequence range from&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>&amp;#x2248;</mtext><mtext>1.6&amp;#xB0;</mtext><mtext>C</mtext><mtext>100</mtext><mtext>m</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">≈1.6°C100m</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;to&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-4-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>&amp;#x2248;</mtext><mtext>5.2&amp;#xB0;</mtext><mtext>C</mtext><mtext>100</mtext><mtext>m</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">≈5.2°C100m</span></span></span><span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0165-232X(93)90071-F","usgsCitation":"Collett, T.S., Bird, K.J., and Magoon, L.B., 1993, Subsurface temperatures and geothermal gradients on the north slope of Alaska: Cold Regions Science and Technology, v. 21, no. 3, p. 275-293, https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-232X(93)90071-F.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"293","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227020,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -166.7096068686938,\n              71.69388395024325\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.08712006649446,\n              65.87803877813585\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.90675430350967,\n              65.87803877813585\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.85405574285585,\n              70.95363676700768\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.7096068686938,\n              71.69388395024325\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d90e4b08c986b31d909","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":379068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bird, Kenneth J. kbird@usgs.gov","contributorId":1015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbird@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":379067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Magoon, Leslie B. lmagoon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoon","given":"Leslie","email":"lmagoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":379066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018365,"text":"70018365 - 1993 - Late Pleistocene Vertebrates and Other Fossils from Epiguruk, Northwestern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:13","indexId":"70018365","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Pleistocene Vertebrates and Other Fossils from Epiguruk, Northwestern Alaska","docAbstract":"Sediments exposed at Epiguruk, a large cutbank on the Kobuk River about 170 km inland from Kotzebue Sound, record multiple episodes of glacial-age alluviation followed by interstadial downcutting and formation of paleosols. Vertebrate remains from Epiguruk include mammoth, bison, caribou, an equid, a canid, arctic ground squirrel, lemmings, and voles. Radiocarbon ages of bone validated by concordant ages of peat and wood span the interval between about 37,000 and 14,000 yr B.P. The late Pleistocene pollen record is dominated by Cyperaceae, with Artemisia, Salix, Betula, and Gramineae also generally abundant. The fossil record from Epiguruk indicates that the Kobuk River valley supported tundra vegetation with abundant riparian willows during middle and late Wisconsin time. Large herbivores were present during the height of late Wisconsin glaciation as well as during its waning stage and the preceding interstadial interval. The Kobuk River valley would have been a favorable refugium for plants, animals, and possibly humans throughout the last glaciation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/qres.1993.1045","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, T.D., Ashley, G., Reed, K.M., and Schweger, C.E., 1993, Late Pleistocene Vertebrates and Other Fossils from Epiguruk, Northwestern Alaska: Quaternary Research, v. 39, no. 3, p. 381-389, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1993.1045.","startPage":"381","endPage":"389","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205822,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1993.1045"},{"id":226982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4508e4b0c8380cd66f9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, T. D.","contributorId":36921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ashley, G.M.","contributorId":99313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashley","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reed, K. M.","contributorId":93888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schweger, C. E.","contributorId":63549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweger","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1012868,"text":"1012868 - 1993 - Age-specific reproduction in female sea otters (Enhydra lutris) from south-central Alaska: Analysis of reproductive tracts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-26T17:20:07","indexId":"1012868","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Age-specific reproduction in female sea otters (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) from south-central Alaska: Analysis of reproductive tracts","title":"Age-specific reproduction in female sea otters (Enhydra lutris) from south-central Alaska: Analysis of reproductive tracts","docAbstract":"<p>We estimated age at sexual maturity and age-specific reproductive rates by examining carcasses and reproductive tracts from 177 female sea otters <i>(Enhydra lutris</i>). Carcasses were recovered from south-central Alaska, Primarily from western Prince William Sound, as a result of the T/V Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989. We found 65% of our sample to be sexually mature. Sexual maturity was first attained at age 2. The proportion of sexually mature animals increased from 30% at age 2 to 100% at age 5. Annual reproductive rates increased from 22% at age 2 to 78% at age 5 and remained relatively stable (75-88%) through to age 15. the sex ratio (female:male) of 49 fetal sea otters was 18:37 and differed significantly from parity. Females younger than 8 tended to produce more female fetuses, while older mothers did not. Our estimates of the reproductive characteristics of female sea otters obtained by examination of reproductive tracts were similiar to those reported in the literature based on in situ observations of marked individuals.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z93-258","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., Mulcahy, D.M., and Lensink, C.J., 1993, Age-specific reproduction in female sea otters (Enhydra lutris) from south-central Alaska: Analysis of reproductive tracts: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 71, no. 9, p. 1811-1815, https://doi.org/10.1139/z93-258.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1811","endPage":"1815","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"71","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689220","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mulcahy, Daniel M. dmulcahy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"Daniel","email":"dmulcahy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lensink, Calvin J.","contributorId":99612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lensink","given":"Calvin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":33810,"text":"National Wildlife Refuge Association","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":2001462,"text":"2001462 - 1993 - Hydraulics of Alaska steeppass fishway model A40","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:55","indexId":"2001462","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":70,"text":"Research Information Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"95","title":"Hydraulics of Alaska steeppass fishway model A40","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"94-114/TF","usgsCitation":"Odeh, M., 1993, Hydraulics of Alaska steeppass fishway model A40: Research Information Bulletin 95, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"3","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db6297db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Odeh, M.","contributorId":95413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odeh","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017983,"text":"70017983 - 1993 - Directions of the US Geological Survey Landslide Hazards Reduction Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:56","indexId":"70017983","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1766,"text":"Geografia Fisica e Dinamica Quaternaria","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Directions of the US Geological Survey Landslide Hazards Reduction Program","docAbstract":"The US Geological Survey (USGS) Landslide Hazards Reduction Program includes studies of landslide process and prediction, landslide susceptibility and risk mapping, landslide recurrence and slope evolution, and research application and technology transfer. Studies of landslide processes have been recently conducted in Virginia, Utah, California, Alaska, and Hawaii, Landslide susceptibility maps provide a very important tool for landslide hazard reduction. The effects of engineering-geologic characteristics of rocks, seismic activity, short and long-term climatic change on landslide recurrence are under study. Detailed measurement of movement and deformation has begun on some active landslides. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geografia Fisica e Dinamica Quaternaria","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03919838","usgsCitation":"Wieczorek, G.F., 1993, Directions of the US Geological Survey Landslide Hazards Reduction Program: Geografia Fisica e Dinamica Quaternaria, v. 16, no. 1, p. 21-25.","startPage":"21","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01bbe4b0c8380cd4fd30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wieczorek, G. F.","contributorId":50143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"G.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1012856,"text":"1012856 - 1993 - Cub adoption by brown bears (Ursus arctos middendorffi) on Kodiak Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-14T01:15:20.200889","indexId":"1012856","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cub adoption by brown bears (Ursus arctos middendorffi) on Kodiak Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"We report three cases where female Brown Bears (Ursus arctos middendorffi) with new (1 winter season. The adoptions occurred in a sampling of 104 litters produced by 89 different females on Kodiak Island, Alaska during 1982-1990. A maximum of six cubs were reared from litters that probably would have produced 3-4 subadults if the adoptions had not taken place.","language":"English","publisher":"Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club","usgsCitation":"Barnes, V., and Smith, R., 1993, Cub adoption by brown bears (Ursus arctos middendorffi) on Kodiak Island, Alaska: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 107, p. 365-367.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"367","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130994,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":422548,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/357155"}],"volume":"107","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ea9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, V. Jr.","contributorId":13578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"V.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R.","contributorId":83874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1012959,"text":"1012959 - 1993 - Mitochondrial DNA variation in chinook salmon and chum salmon detected by restriction enzyme analysis of polymerase chain reaction products","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-11T08:34:26","indexId":"1012959","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mitochondrial DNA variation in chinook salmon and chum salmon detected by restriction enzyme analysis of polymerase chain reaction products","docAbstract":"<p>We analyze intraspecific mitochondrial DNA variation in chinook salmon from drainages in the Yukon River, the Kenai River, and Oregon and California rivers; and chum salmon from the Yukon River and vancouver Island, and Washington rivers. For each species, three different portions of the mtDNA molecule were amplified seperately using the polymerase chain reaction and then digested with at least 19 restrictions enzymes. Intraspecific sequence divergences between haplotypes were less than 0.01 base subsitution per nucleotide. Nine chum salmon haplotypes were identified. Yukon River chum salmon stocks displayed more haplotypes (8) occurred in all areas. Seven chinook salmon haplotypes were identified. Four haplotypes occurred in the Yukon and Kenai rviers and four occurred in the Oregon/California, with only one haplotype shared between the regions. Sample sizes were too small to quantify the degree of stock seperation among drainages, but the patterns of variation that we observed suggest utility of the technique in genetic stock identification.</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1139/f93-081","usgsCitation":"Cronin, M., Spearman, R., Wilmot, R., Patton, J., and Bickman, J., 1993, Mitochondrial DNA variation in chinook salmon and chum salmon detected by restriction enzyme analysis of polymerase chain reaction products: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 50, no. 4, p. 708-715, https://doi.org/10.1139/f93-081.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"708","endPage":"715","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130784,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699add","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, M.","contributorId":43303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spearman, R.","contributorId":52527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spearman","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilmot, R.","contributorId":35688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilmot","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patton, J.","contributorId":61775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patton","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bickman, J.","contributorId":11990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bickman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1003763,"text":"1003763 - 1993 - Perinatal mortality in caribou from the Porcupine herd, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-10T11:03:51.320202","indexId":"1003763","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Perinatal mortality in caribou from the Porcupine herd, Alaska","docAbstract":"<div id=\"10405408\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>During the 1989 caribou (<i>Rangifer tarandus</i>) calving season on the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska (USA), 61 calf carcasses were examined for cause of death and associated pathology. Dead calves were located by low-level aerial searches with two fixed-wing aircraft and a helicopter over high density calving areas between the Hulahula and Aichilik rivers. Primary diagnoses included emaciation (39%), malnutrition (8%), stillbirth (21%), trauma (16%), other primary causes (7%), and undetermined causes (8%). Twenty calves had contributory renal tubular degeneration. The findings indicate that factors contributing to nutritional deprivation in calves were the major cause of neonatal mortality; however, factors affecting stillbirth, abortion, or the urogenital system may have major effects on neonatal caribou and warrant further investigation.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-29.2.295","usgsCitation":"Roffe, T., 1993, Perinatal mortality in caribou from the Porcupine herd, Alaska: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 29, no. 2, p. 295-303, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-29.2.295.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"303","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480314,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-29.2.295","text":"Publisher Index 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,{"id":70180193,"text":"70180193 - 1992 - A postulated new source for the White River Ash, Alaska: A section in <i>Geologic studies in Alaska by the US. Geological Survey, 1990</i>","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70180193,"text":"70180193 - 1992 - A postulated new source for the White River Ash, Alaska: A section in <i>Geologic studies in Alaska by the US. Geological Survey, 1990</i>","indexId":"70180193","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"A postulated new source for the White River Ash, Alaska: A section in <i>Geologic studies in Alaska by the US. Geological Survey, 1990</i>"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33240,"text":"b1999 - 1992 - Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1990","indexId":"b1999","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1990"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33240,"text":"b1999 - 1992 - Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1990","indexId":"b1999","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1990"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T11:02:59","indexId":"70180193","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1999","title":"A postulated new source for the White River Ash, Alaska: A section in <i>Geologic studies in Alaska by the US. Geological Survey, 1990</i>","docAbstract":"<p><span>The White River Ash (Lerbekmo and others, 1968), product of two of the most voluminous pyroclastic eruptions in North America in the past 2,000 yr, blankets much of the Yukon Terrtory, Canada, and a small part of adjoining eastern Alaska. Lerbekmo and Campbell (1969) narrowed the source of the ash to an area northeast of the Mt. Bona-Mt. Churchill massif in the St. Elias Mountains of southern Alaska. Based on indirect evidence, Lerbekmo and Campbell (1969) further suggested that the vent was beneath the Klutlan Glacier, adjacent to a mound of coarse pumice, 16 km northeast of Mt. Bona. Recently discovered pumice and ash deposits and a possible vent structure near the summit of Mt. Churchill suggest an alternate source area. The White River Ash is a bilobate plinian fallout deposit covering more than 340,000 km<sup>2</sup> and containing an estimated 25-50 km<sup>3</sup> of tephra (Bostock, 1952; Berger, 1960; fig. 1). Radiocarbon ages indicate that the northern lobe was deposited about 1,887 yr B.P. and the eastern, and larger, lobe about 1,250 yr B.P. (Lerbekmo and others, 1975). The axes of the two lobes converge near Mt. Bona (16,420 ft (5,005 m)) and Mt. Churchill [15,638 ft (4,766 m)], which together form a prominent massif in the St. Elias Mountains. The Klutlan Glacier, a large valley glacier that flows eastward into Canada, has its principal source on the eastern flank of the massif.&nbsp;</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the US. 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Geological Survey, 1990</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1999, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70180193.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"212","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333934,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333933,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1999/report.pdf#page=220","text":"Start page in larger work"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"White River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5889c7bee4b0ba3b075e062d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGimsey, Robert G. 0000-0001-5379-7779 mcgimsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-7779","contributorId":2352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"Robert","email":"mcgimsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":660721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richter, Donald H.","contributorId":61021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DuBois, Gregory D.","contributorId":6824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DuBois","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, T. P.","contributorId":49345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70176563,"text":"70176563 - 1992 - Geomorphic response to the 1989-90 eruptions of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T14:20:37","indexId":"70176563","displayToPublicDate":"2016-04-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geomorphic response to the 1989-90 eruptions of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"1992 American Water Resources Association Annual Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"American Water Resources Association Annual Conference","conferenceDate":"April 9-10, 1992","conferenceLocation":"Fairbanks, AK","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Middleburg, VA","usgsCitation":"Dorava, J., 1992, Geomorphic response to the 1989-90 eruptions of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, <i>in</i> 1992 American Water Resources Association Annual Conference, Fairbanks, AK, April 9-10, 1992, p. 87-88.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328814,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":" Aleutian Range, at the head of the Chigmit Mountains subrange in Lake Clark National Park and Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -153.0010986328125,\n              60.356847344793586\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.0010986328125,\n              60.568077898122155\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.49298095703125,\n              60.568077898122155\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.49298095703125,\n              60.356847344793586\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.0010986328125,\n              60.356847344793586\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57feb5d7e4b0824b2d155132","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorava, J.M.","contributorId":68756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorava","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70006995,"text":"70006995 - 1992 - Puffins as samplers of juvenile pollock and other forage fish in the Gulf of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-22T14:53:21.88409","indexId":"70006995","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T12:36:52","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Puffins as samplers of juvenile pollock and other forage fish in the Gulf of Alaska","docAbstract":"We sampled the nestling diets of tufted puffins (Fratercula cirrhata) and horned puffins (F. corniculata) in 3 years at colonies from the north-central Gulf of Alaska to the eastern Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA. Overall, tufted puffins consumed (by weight) 41% sandlance (Ammodytes hexapterus), 22% capelin (Mallotus villosus), 19% walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), 13% other fish, and 5% invertebrates, whereas horned puffins took 85% sandlance, 4% capelin, 2% pollock, 8% other fish, and <1 % invertebrates. All of the pollock consumed were young of the year, whereas 4 year-classes of capelin were present, from young of the year through spawning adults. Puffins took mostly first-year sandlance, but fish in their second year or older were also common at colonies near Kodiak, Alaska. The importance of juvenile pollock in the diet of tufted puffins varied geographically from little or no use in the north-central Gulf and Kodiak areas to moderate use (5 to 20%) in the Semidi and Shumagin Islands to heavy use (25 to 75%) in the Sandman Reefs and eastern Aleutians. An estimated 11 billion pollock were consumed by tufted puffins throughout the region in 1986. The proportion of pollock in puffin diets at the Semidi Islands was strongly correlated with independent estimates of cohort strength in 3 years. Puffins may thus provide a useful index of distribution and year class abundance of first-year pollock, a species that currently supports an important commercial fishery in the Gulf of Alaska.","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/meps080001","usgsCitation":"Hatch, S., and Sanger, G.A., 1992, Puffins as samplers of juvenile pollock and other forage fish in the Gulf of Alaska: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 80, p. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps080001.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488001,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps080001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":259710,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Alaska","volume":"80","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9020e4b0c8380cd7fb4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatch, Scott","contributorId":16268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanger, Gerald A.","contributorId":10660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanger","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":355627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222949,"text":"5222949 - 1992 - A study of the genetic relationships within and among wolf packs using DNA fingerprinting and mitochondrial DNA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-31T16:55:23","indexId":"5222949","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:06","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":982,"text":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A study of the genetic relationships within and among wolf packs using DNA fingerprinting and mitochondrial DNA","docAbstract":"<p><span>DNA fingerprinting and mitochondrial DNA analyses have not been used in combination to study relatedness in natural populations. We present an approach that involves defining the mean fingerprint similarities among individuals thought to be unrelated because they have different mtDNA genotypes. Two classes of related individuals are identified by their distance in standard errors above this mean value. The number of standard errors is determined by analysis of the association between fingerprint similarity and relatedness in a population with a known genealogy. We apply this approach to gray wolf packs from Minnesota, Alaska, and the Northwest Territories. Our results show that: (1) wolf packs consist primarily of individuals that are closely related genetically, but some packs contain unrelated, non-reproducing individuals; (2) dispersal among packs within the same area is common; and (3) short-range dispersal appears more common for female than male wolves. The first two of these genetically-based observations are consistent with behavioral data on pack structure and dispersal in wolves, while the apparent sex bias in dispersal was not expected.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00173944","usgsCitation":"Lehman, N., Clarkson, P., Mech, L.D., Meier, T.J., and Wayne, R.K., 1992, A study of the genetic relationships within and among wolf packs using DNA fingerprinting and mitochondrial DNA: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, v. 30, no. 2, p. 83-94, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00173944.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"94","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197845,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a612b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lehman, Niles","contributorId":106506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lehman","given":"Niles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clarkson, Peter","contributorId":62736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarkson","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":337529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meier, Thomas J.","contributorId":37192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wayne, Robert K.","contributorId":80948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wayne","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7081,"text":"University of California - Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":337527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70186440,"text":"70186440 - 1992 - Change-in-ratio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-01T09:13:19","indexId":"70186440","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Change-in-ratio","docAbstract":"<p>Change-in-ratio (CIR) methods are used to estimate parameters for ecological populations subject to differential removals from population subclasses. Subclasses can be defined according to criteria such as sex, age, or size of individuals. Removals are generally in the form of closely monitored sport or commercial harvests. Estimation is based on observed changes in subclass proportions caused by the removals.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of Environmetrics, volume 1","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/9780470057339.vac015m.pub2","isbn":"9780470057339","usgsCitation":"Udevitz, M.S., 1992, Change-in-ratio, chap. <i>of</i> Encyclopedia of Environmetrics, volume 1, p. 322-324, https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470057339.vac015m.pub2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"322","endPage":"324","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339152,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e4b0b3e4b09da67999779d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"El-Shaarawi, Abdel H.","contributorId":114059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"El-Shaarawi","given":"Abdel","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688466,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piegorsch, Walter W.","contributorId":112670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piegorsch","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688467,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":16857,"text":"ofr928A - 1992 - Analytical results and sample locality maps of rock samples from the eastern Goodnews Bay Quadrangle, southwest Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:16","indexId":"ofr928A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-8","chapter":"A","title":"Analytical results and sample locality maps of rock samples from the eastern Goodnews Bay Quadrangle, southwest Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\n[Books and Open-File Reports Section, distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr928A","usgsCitation":"Gray, J.E., Adrian, B.M., Hageman, P., and Kilburn, J., 1992, Analytical results and sample locality maps of rock samples from the eastern Goodnews Bay Quadrangle, southwest Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-8, 21 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr928A.","productDescription":"21 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150271,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0008a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45963,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0008a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acbe4b07f02db67e360","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, J. E.","contributorId":49363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adrian, B. M.","contributorId":71535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adrian","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hageman, P.  L. 0000-0002-3440-2150","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3440-2150","contributorId":27459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hageman","given":"P.  L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kilburn, J.E.","contributorId":42205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilburn","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":173916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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