Effectiveness of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, for controlling nymphal Ixodes scapularis, was tested in laboratory and field trials. In the laboratory, M. anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin strain ESC1 was moderately pathogenic, with an LC50 of 107 spores/ml and induced 70% mortality at 109 spores/ml. In a field study, however, 109 spores/ml M. anisopliae did not effectively control questing I. scapularis nymphs, and significant differences were not detected in pre- and post-treatment densities. For nymphs collected and returned to the laboratory for observation, mortality was low in treatment groups, ranging from 20 to 36%. To assess whether a chemical acaricide would synergistically enhance pathogenicity of the fungus, we challenged unfed nymphal I. scapularis with combinations of M. anisopliae and permethrin, a relatively safe pyrethroid acaricide, in two separate bioassays. Significant interactions between M. anisopliae and permethrin were not observed, supporting neither synergism nor antagonism.
","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/s10493-004-5437-z","usgsCitation":"Hornbostel, V., Zhioua, E., Benjamin, M.A., Ginsberg, H.S., and Ostfeld, R.S., 2005, Pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycetes) and permethrin to Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) nymphs: Experimental and Applied Acarology, v. 35, no. 4, p. 301-316, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-004-5437-z.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"316","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487129,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/pls_facpubs/165","text":"External Repository"},{"id":202259,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1677","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hornbostel, V.L.","contributorId":107402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornbostel","given":"V.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhioua, Elyes","contributorId":177231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhioua","given":"Elyes","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":341689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benjamin, Michael A.","contributorId":177232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Benjamin","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13654,"text":"Institute of Ecosystem Studies","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":341691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ginsberg, Howard S. hginsberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":140901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"Howard","email":"hginsberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":341690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ostfeld, Richard S.","contributorId":64800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostfeld","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5224440,"text":"5224440 - 2005 - Reservoir competence of native North American birds for the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-24T15:41:33.185782","indexId":"5224440","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:44","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2385,"text":"Journal of Medical Entomology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Reservoir competence of native North American birds for the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi","title":"Reservoir competence of native North American birds for the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi","docAbstract":"Reservoir competence for the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, was tested for six species of native North American birds: American robin, gray catbird, brown thrasher, eastern towhee, song sparrow, and northern cardinal. Wild birds collected by mist netting on Fire Island, NY, were held in a field laboratory in cages over water and locally collected larval ticks were placed on the birds, harvested from the water after engorgement, and tested for infection by direct fluorescent-antibody staining after molting to the nymphal stage. American robins were competent reservoirs, infecting 16.1% of larvae applied to wild-caught birds, compared with 0% of control ticks placed on uninfected laboratory mice. Robins that were previously infected in the laboratory by nymphal feeding infected 81.8% of applied larvae. Wild-caught song sparrows infected 4.8% of applied larvae and 21.1% when infected by nymphal feeding. Results suggest moderate levels of reservoir competence for northern cardinals, lower levels for gray catbirds, and little evidence of reservoir competence for eastern towhees or brown thrashers. Lower infection rates in larvae applied to wild-caught birds compared with birds infected in the laboratory suggest that infected birds display temporal variability in infectiousness to larval ticks. Engorged larvae drop from birds abundantly during daylight, so the abundance of these bird species in the peridomestic environment suggests that they might contribute infected ticks to lawns and gardens.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/jmedent/42.3.445","usgsCitation":"Ginsberg, H.S., Buckley, P.A., Balmforth, M.G., Zhioua, E., Mitra, S., and Buckley, F.G., 2005, Reservoir competence of native North American birds for the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi: Journal of Medical Entomology, v. 42, no. 3, p. 445-449, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/42.3.445.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"445","endPage":"449","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477623,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/42.3.445","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":202258,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b142","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ginsberg, Howard S. hginsberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":140901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"Howard","email":"hginsberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":341681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buckley, P. A.","contributorId":69264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Balmforth, Maxon G.","contributorId":31090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balmforth","given":"Maxon","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":341682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhioua, Elyes","contributorId":177231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhioua","given":"Elyes","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":341680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mitra, Shaibal","contributorId":177242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitra","given":"Shaibal","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12576,"text":"College of Staten Island, Staten Island, New York","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":341685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Buckley, Francine G.","contributorId":111375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"Francine","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5224439,"text":"5224439 - 2005 - Head-bobbing behavior in foraging whooping cranes favors visual fixation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-11T16:49:14.557051","indexId":"5224439","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:44","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1352,"text":"Current Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Head-bobbing behavior in foraging whooping cranes favors visual fixation","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2005.03.036","usgsCitation":"Cronin, T.M., Kinloch, M.R., and Olsen, G.H., 2005, Head-bobbing behavior in foraging whooping cranes favors visual fixation: Current Biology, v. 15, no. 7, p. R243-R244, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.03.036.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"R243","endPage":"R244","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477624,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.03.036","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":196218,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d341","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, Thomas M. 0000-0002-2643-0979 tcronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":2579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Thomas","email":"tcronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":341677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kinloch, Matthew R.","contributorId":41218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinloch","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olsen, Glenn H. 0000-0002-7188-6203 golsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-6203","contributorId":40918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Glenn","email":"golsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":341678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224441,"text":"5224441 - 2005 - Estimating size and composition of biological communities by modeling the occurrence of species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-25T13:18:26.496994","indexId":"5224441","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:44","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2527,"text":"Journal of the American Statistical Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating size and composition of biological communities by modeling the occurrence of species","docAbstract":"We develop a model that uses repeated observations of a biological community to estimate the number and composition of species in the community. Estimators of community-level attributes are constructed from model-based estimators of occurrence of individual species that incorporate imperfect detection of individuals. Data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey are analyzed to illustrate the variety of ecologically important quantities that are easily constructed and estimated using our model-based estimators of species occurrence. In particular, we compute site-specific estimates of species richness that honor classical notions of species-area relationships. We suggest extensions of our model to estimate maps of occurrence of individual species and to compute inferences related to the temporal and spatial dynamics of biological communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1198/016214505000000015","usgsCitation":"Dorazio, R., and Royle, J., 2005, Estimating size and composition of biological communities by modeling the occurrence of species: Journal of the American Statistical Association, v. 100, no. 470, p. 389-398, https://doi.org/10.1198/016214505000000015.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"389","endPage":"398","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196219,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"470","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648670","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorazio, Robert 0000-0003-2663-0468 bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":149286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"Robert","email":"bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":341686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224420,"text":"5224420 - 2005 - Disturbance of eelgrass Zostera marina by commercial mussel Mytilus edulis harvesting in Maine: Dragging impacts and habitat recovery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-27T11:30:29","indexId":"5224420","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:44","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disturbance of eelgrass Zostera marina by commercial mussel Mytilus edulis harvesting in Maine: Dragging impacts and habitat recovery","docAbstract":"We studied the effects of commercial harvest of blue mussels Mytilus edulis on eelgrass Zostera marina L. in Maquoit Bay, Maine, USA, at a hierarchy of scales. We used aerial photography, underwater video, and eelgrass population- and shoot-based measurements to quantify dragging impacts within 4 sites that had been disturbed at different times over an approximate 7 yr interval, and to project eelgrass meadow recovery rates. Dragging had disturbed 10% of the eelgrass cover in Maquoit Bay, with dragged sites ranging from 3.4 to 31.8 ha in size. Dragging removed above- and belowground plant material from the majority of the bottom in the disturbed sites. One year following dragging, eelgrass shoot density, shoot height and total biomass of disturbed sites averaged respectively 2 to 3%, 46 to 61% and <1% that of the reference sites. Substantial differences in eelgrass biomass persisted between disturbed and reference sites up to 7 yr after dragging. Dragging did not affect physical characteristics of the sediment. The pattern and rate of eelgrass bed recovery depended strongly on initial dragging intensity; areas of relatively light dragging with many remnant eelgrass patches (i.e. patches that were missed by the mussel dredge) showed considerable revegetation in 1 yr. However, by developing recovery trajectories from measurements at sites disturbed in different years, we projected that it would require a mean of 10.6 yr for recovery of eelgrass shoot density within the areas of intense dragging characterizing most of the disturbed sites. A spatial simulation model based on measured rates of lateral patch-expansion (mean 12.5 cm yr-1) and new-patch recruitment (mean 0.19 patches m-2 yr-1) yielded a mean bed recovery time of 9 to 11 yr following dragging, depending on initial degree of plant removal. Model simulations suggested that with favorable environmental conditions, eelgrass beds might recover from dragging disturbance in 6 yr; conversely, recovery under conditions less conducive to eelgrass growth could require 20 yr or longer. This study shows that mussel dragging poses a severe threat to eelgrass in this region and that regulations to protect eelgrass from dragging impacts would maintain the integrity of a substantial amount of habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps285057","usgsCitation":"Neckles, H.A., Short, F.T., Barker, S., and Kopp, B.S., 2005, Disturbance of eelgrass Zostera marina by commercial mussel Mytilus edulis harvesting in Maine: Dragging impacts and habitat recovery: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 285, p. 57-73, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps285057.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477625,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps285057","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":202225,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"285","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4789e4b07f02db4873e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neckles, Hilary A. 0000-0002-5662-2314 hneckles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5662-2314","contributorId":3821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neckles","given":"Hilary","email":"hneckles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":341633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Short, Frederick T.","contributorId":72078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Short","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barker, Seth","contributorId":41536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"Seth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kopp, Blaine S.","contributorId":99648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kopp","given":"Blaine","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224419,"text":"5224419 - 2005 - The potential conservation value of unmowed powerline strips for native bees","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:03","indexId":"5224419","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:44","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The potential conservation value of unmowed powerline strips for native bees","docAbstract":"The land area covered by powerline easements in the United States exceeds the area of almost all national parks, including Yellowstone. In parts of Europe and the US, electric companies have altered their land management practices from periodic mowing to extraction of tall vegetation combined with the use of selective herbicides. To investigate whether this alternate management practice might produce higher quality habitat for native bees, we compared the bee fauna collected in unmowed powerline corridors and in nearby mowed grassy fields at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (MD). Powerline sites had more spatially and numerically rare species and a richer bee community than the grassy fields, although the difference was less pronounced than we expected. Powerline sites also had more parasitic species and more cavitynesting bees. Bee communities changed progressively through the season, but differences between the site types were persistent. The surrounding, nongrassland landscape likely has a strong influence on the bee species collected at the grassland sites, as some bees may be foraging in the grasslands but nesting elsewhere. Improving habitat for native bees will help ameliorate the loss of pollination services caused by the collapse of wild and managed honeybee populations. This study suggests that powerline strips have the potential to provide five million acres of bee-friendly habitat in the US if utilities more generally adopt appropriate management practices.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2005.01.022","collaboration":"6303_Russell.pdf","usgsCitation":"Russell, K., Ikerd, H., and Droege, S., 2005, The potential conservation value of unmowed powerline strips for native bees: Biological Conservation, v. 124, no. 1, p. 133-148, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.01.022.","productDescription":"133-148","startPage":"133","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17216,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.01.022","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":197890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"124","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a71e4b07f02db641e26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Russell, K.N.","contributorId":78841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"K.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ikerd, H.","contributorId":12145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ikerd","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Droege, Sam 0000-0003-4393-0403","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-0403","contributorId":64185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Droege","given":"Sam","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":341628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224413,"text":"5224413 - 2005 - Effects of contaminant exposure on reproductive success of ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) nesting in Delaware River and Bay, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-29T15:28:58.646629","indexId":"5224413","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:43","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of contaminant exposure on reproductive success of ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) nesting in Delaware River and Bay, USA","title":"Effects of contaminant exposure on reproductive success of ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) nesting in Delaware River and Bay, USA","docAbstract":"Despite serious water-quality problems and pollutant loading and retention, Delaware River and Bay(USA) provide important wildlife habitat. In 2002, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of contaminant exposure and reproduction of ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) breeding in Delaware River and Bay. Sample eggs were collected from 39 nests and analyzed for organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and mercury; a subset of 15 eggs was analyzed for perfluorinated compounds and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The fate of each nest was monitored weekly. Concentrations of 10 organochlorine pesticides or metabolites, total PCBs, and several toxic PCB congeners were greater (p < 0.05) in eggs collected between the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal (C and D Canal) and Trenton (Delaware River and northern Bay) compared to other sites. Concentrations of p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p′-DDE; 0.785–3.84 μg/g wet wt) and total PCBs (5.50–14.5 μg/g wet wt) in eggs collected between the C and D Canal and Trenton were similar to levels recently found in the Chesapeake Bay. In all study segments, at least one young fledged from 66 to 75% of nests. Productivity for Delaware Inland Bays (reference area) and southern Delaware Bay was 1.17 and 1.42 fledglings/active nest, respectively; north of the C and D Canal, productivity was 1.00 fledgling/active nest, which is marginally adequate to maintain the population. Using these data, a logistic regression model found that contaminant concentrations (p,p′-DDE, heptachlor epoxide, chlordane and metabolites, and total PCBs) were predictive of hatching success. Several perfluorinated compounds and PBDEs were detected in eggs at concentrations approaching 1 μg/g wet weight. These findings provide evidence that contaminants continue to be a significant stressor on osprey productivity in the northern Delaware River and Bay.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1897/04-141R.1","usgsCitation":"Toschik, P.C., Rattner, B., McGowan, P.C., Christman, M.C., Carter, D.B., Hale, R., Matson, C.W., and Ottinger, M.A., 2005, Effects of contaminant exposure on reproductive success of ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) nesting in Delaware River and Bay, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 24, no. 3, p. 617-628, https://doi.org/10.1897/04-141R.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"617","endPage":"628","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania,","otherGeospatial":"Delaware Bay, Delaware River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.739990234375,\n 39.14710270770074\n ],\n [\n -75.34423828125,\n 39.690280594818034\n ],\n [\n -74.586181640625,\n 40.25437660372649\n ],\n [\n -74.761962890625,\n 40.421860362045194\n ],\n [\n -75.772705078125,\n 39.80853604144591\n ],\n [\n -75.684814453125,\n 39.2832938689385\n ],\n [\n -75.146484375,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -74.739990234375,\n 39.14710270770074\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db6238c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toschik, P. C.","contributorId":18879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toschik","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":341609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGowan, P. C.","contributorId":67191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGowan","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christman, M. C.","contributorId":55122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carter, Daniel B.","contributorId":18880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hale, R. C.","contributorId":11309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hale","given":"R. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Matson, C. W.","contributorId":24717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ottinger, M. A.","contributorId":99078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":5224415,"text":"5224415 - 2005 - Enhancing the scientific value of the Christmas Bird Count","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T13:28:07","indexId":"5224415","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:43","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enhancing the scientific value of the Christmas Bird Count","docAbstract":"The Christmas Bird Count (CBC), conducted by the National Audubon Society (NAS) since 1900, constitutes the longest-running and geographically most widespread survey of bird life in the Western Hemisphere. Starting with 25 count locations in its first year, the program has grown continuously ever since, with 20–30 locations currently being added annually. Each CBC consists of a tally of all birds detected within a circle 24.1 km (15 miles) in diameter, on a single day within a few weeks around Christmas (current allowable dates are 14 December through 5 January). More than 50,000 observers now take part each year, in close to 2,000 count circles spread across the U.S. and its territories, southern Canada, and, increasingly, Latin America.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0338:ETSVOT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Dunn, E.H., Francis, C., Blancher, P., Drennan, S., Howe, M., Lepage, D., Robbins, C.S., Rosenberg, K., Sauer, J., and Smith, K.G., 2005, Enhancing the scientific value of the Christmas Bird Count: The Auk, v. 122, no. 1, p. 338-346, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0338:ETSVOT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"338","endPage":"346","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488624,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1642/0004-8038%282005%29122%5B0338%3AETSVOT%5D2.0.CO%3B2","text":"External Repository"},{"id":197849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602684","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunn, Erica H.","contributorId":35841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunn","given":"Erica","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Francis, C.M.","contributorId":29092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francis","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blancher, P.J.","contributorId":58730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blancher","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Drennan, S.R.","contributorId":93588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drennan","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Howe, M.A.","contributorId":70462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lepage, D.","contributorId":7389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lepage","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Robbins, Chandler S. crobbins@usgs.gov","contributorId":4275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Chandler","email":"crobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":341617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rosenberg, K.V.","contributorId":8198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberg","given":"K.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Smith, Kimberly G.","contributorId":47720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":5224393,"text":"5224393 - 2005 - Effects of lead-contaminated sediment and nutrition on mallard duckling behavior and growth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-25T16:37:10.974642","indexId":"5224393","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:42","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2481,"text":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of lead-contaminated sediment and nutrition on mallard duckling behavior and growth","docAbstract":"Sediment ingestion has become a recognized exposure route for toxicants in waterfowl. The effects of lead-contaminated sediment from the Coeur d’Alene River Basin (CDARB) in Idaho were evaluated on mallard (Anas platyryhnchos) duckling behavior and growth over a 5-wk period using time–activity budgets. Day-old ducklings received either a clean sediment (24%) supplemented control diet, CDARB sediment (3449 μg/g lead) supplemented diets at 12% or 24%, or a positive control diet (24% clean sediment with equivalent lead acetate to the 24% CDARB diet). Ten different behaviors were recorded for nine ducklings per treatment as time spent: resting, standing, moving, drinking, dabbling, feeding, pecking, preening, bathing, and swimming. Contaminated sediment (24% CDARB) and lead acetate significantly decreased the proportion of time spent swimming. There were also problems with balance and mobility in the 24% CDARB and the lead acetate groups. With a less optimal diet (mixture of two-thirds corn and one-third standard diet) containing 24% clean sediment, nutrient level alone affected 6 different behaviors: feeding, pecking, swimming, preening, standing, and dabbling. Nutrient level also significantly decreased the growth rate and delayed the initial time of molt. When the corn diet contained CDARB sediment, the proportion of time spent bathing in the 24% CDARB group significantly decreased. There were also instances of imbalance with 24% CDARB and corn diet, and duckling weights were significantly lower than in corn diet controls. The decreased amounts of time spent swimming or bathing, coupled with problems of balance and mobility, decreased growth, histopathological lesions, and altered brain biochemistry (reported elsewhere), illustrate a potential threat to the survival of ducklings in the wild that are exposed to lead-containing sediments within the CDARB or elsewhere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/15287390590885839","usgsCitation":"Douglas-Stroebel, E., Brewer, G.L., and Hoffman, D.J., 2005, Effects of lead-contaminated sediment and nutrition on mallard duckling behavior and growth: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, v. 68, no. 2, p. 113-128, https://doi.org/10.1080/15287390590885839.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201845,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Coeur d’Alene River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.62811279296875,\n 48.180738507303836\n ],\n [\n -116.62536621093749,\n 48.180738507303836\n ],\n [\n -116.62536621093749,\n 48.184401125107684\n ],\n [\n -116.62811279296875,\n 48.184401125107684\n ],\n [\n -116.62811279296875,\n 48.180738507303836\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.03186035156251,\n 47.13368783277605\n ],\n [\n -116.63635253906249,\n 47.13368783277605\n ],\n [\n -116.63635253906249,\n 48.10743118848039\n ],\n [\n -117.03186035156251,\n 48.10743118848039\n ],\n [\n -117.03186035156251,\n 47.13368783277605\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67f436","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas-Stroebel, E.","contributorId":27406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas-Stroebel","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brewer, G. L.","contributorId":76271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brewer","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffman, David J.","contributorId":86075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":341532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224392,"text":"5224392 - 2005 - Demographic estimation methods for plants with unobservable life-states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-27T16:35:01.932784","indexId":"5224392","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:42","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demographic estimation methods for plants with unobservable life-states","docAbstract":"Demographic estimation of vital parameters in plants with an unobservable dormant state is complicated, because time of death is not known. Conventional methods assume that death occurs at a particular time after a plant has last been seen aboveground but the consequences of assuming a particular duration of dormancy have never been tested. Capture–recapture methods do not make assumptions about time of death; however, problems with parameter estimability have not yet been resolved. To date, a critical comparative assessment of these methods is lacking. We analysed data from a 10 year study of Cleistes bifaria, a terrestrial orchid with frequent dormancy, and compared demographic estimates obtained by five varieties of the conventional methods, and two capture–recapture methods. All conventional methods produced spurious unity survival estimates for some years or for some states, and estimates of demographic rates sensitive to the time of death assumption. In contrast, capture–recapture methods are more parsimonious in terms of assumptions, are based on well founded theory and did not produce spurious estimates. In Cleistes, dormant episodes lasted for 1–4 years (mean 1.4, SD 0.74). The capture–recapture models estimated ramet survival rate at 0.86 (SE∼0.01), ranging from 0.77–0.94 (SEs≤0.1) in any one year. The average fraction dormant was estimated at 30% (SE 1.5), ranging 16–47% (SEs≤5.1) in any one year. Multistate capture–recapture models showed that survival rates were positively related to precipitation in the current year, but transition rates were more strongly related to precipitation in the previous than in the current year, with more ramets going dormant following dry years. Not all capture–recapture models of interest have estimable parameters; for instance, without excavating plants in years when they do not appear aboveground, it is not possible to obtain independent time-specific survival estimates for dormant plants. We introduce rigorous computer algebra methods to identify the parameters that are estimable in principle. As life-states are a prominent feature in plant life cycles, multistate capture–recapture models are a natural framework for analysing population dynamics of plants with dormancy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13589.x","usgsCitation":"Kery, M., Gregg, K.B., and Schaub, M., 2005, Demographic estimation methods for plants with unobservable life-states: Oikos, v. 108, no. 2, p. 307-320, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13589.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"320","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477626,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13589.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":202078,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696f2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kery, Marc","contributorId":38680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kery","given":"Marc","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gregg, Katharine B.","contributorId":41118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"Katharine","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schaub, Michael","contributorId":138861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaub","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12551,"text":"Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":341531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224398,"text":"5224398 - 2005 - Assessing spatial coupling in complex population dynamics using mutual prediction and continuity statistics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:32","indexId":"5224398","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:42","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3593,"text":"Theoretical Population Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing spatial coupling in complex population dynamics using mutual prediction and continuity statistics","docAbstract":"A number of important questions in ecology involve the possibility of interactions or ?coupling? among potential components of ecological systems. The basic question of whether two components are coupled (exhibit dynamical interdependence) is relevant to investigations of movement of animals over space, population regulation, food webs and trophic interactions, and is also useful in the design of monitoring programs. For example, in spatially extended systems, coupling among populations in different locations implies the existence of redundant information in the system and the possibility of exploiting this redundancy in the development of spatial sampling designs. One approach to the identification of coupling involves study of the purported mechanisms linking system components. Another approach is based on time series of two potential components of the same system and, in previous ecological work, has relied on linear cross-correlation analysis. Here we present two different attractor-based approaches, continuity and mutual prediction, for determining the degree to which two population time series (e.g., at different spatial locations) are coupled. Both approaches are demonstrated on a one-dimensional predator?prey model system exhibiting complex dynamics. Of particular interest is the spatial asymmetry introduced into the model as linearly declining resource for the prey over the domain of the spatial coordinate. Results from these approaches are then compared to the more standard cross-correlation analysis. In contrast to cross-correlation, both continuity and mutual prediction are clearly able to discern the asymmetry in the flow of information through this system.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Theoretical Population Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.tpb.2004.08.004","collaboration":"6274_Nichols.pdf 1.9 MB","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., Moniz, L., Nichols, J., Pecora, L., and Cooch, E., 2005, Assessing spatial coupling in complex population dynamics using mutual prediction and continuity statistics: Theoretical Population Biology, v. 67, no. 1, p. 9-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2004.08.004.","productDescription":"9-21","startPage":"9","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17160,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2004.08.004","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"67","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.M.","contributorId":18080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moniz, L.","contributorId":92783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moniz","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pecora, L.M.","contributorId":34236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pecora","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cooch, E.","contributorId":13353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooch","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5224394,"text":"5224394 - 2005 - Exposure and effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) nesting along the Woonasquatucket River, Rhode Island, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-29T15:20:43.519584","indexId":"5224394","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:42","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Exposure and effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) nesting along the Woonasquatucket River, Rhode Island, USA","title":"Exposure and effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) nesting along the Woonasquatucket River, Rhode Island, USA","docAbstract":"Concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) nesting along the Woonasquatucket River northwest of Providence (RI, USA) in 2000 and 2001 were some of the highest ever reported in avian tissues. Mean concentrations in eggs ranged from 300 to > 1,000 pg/g wet weight at the two most contaminated ponds, Allendale and Lyman. Mean egg concentrations at Greystone, the upstream reference pond, were 12 and 29 pg/g. Positive accumulation rates and concentrations in diet samples from 12-day-old nestlings indicated that the contamination was accumulated locally. Concentrations in diet of between 71 and 219 pg/g wet weight were more than 6 and 18 times higher than concentrations considered safe for birds (10–12 pg/g). Hatching success was negatively associated with concentration of TCDD in eggs. Only about half the eggs hatched at Allendale compared with >77% at Greystone. The national average for hatching success in successful nests is 85%. No other contaminants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls and mercury, were present in any sample at concentrations known to affect avian reproduction. Three bioindicators, half-peak coefficient of geometric variation, ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase activity, and brain asymmetry were assessed relative to TCDD contamination.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1897/03-682.1","usgsCitation":"Custer, C.M., Custer, T., Rosiu, C., Melancon, M.J., Bickham, J., and Matson, C.W., 2005, Exposure and effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) nesting along the Woonasquatucket River, Rhode Island, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 24, no. 1, p. 93-109, https://doi.org/10.1897/03-682.1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"109","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196325,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","county":"Providence County","otherGeospatial":"Woonasquatucket River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.49121284484863,\n 41.83868232391649\n ],\n [\n -71.47567749023438,\n 41.83868232391649\n ],\n [\n -71.47567749023438,\n 41.859844975978454\n ],\n [\n -71.49121284484863,\n 41.859844975978454\n ],\n [\n -71.49121284484863,\n 41.83868232391649\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8b43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, Christine M. 0000-0003-0500-1582","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-1582","contributorId":31330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":341538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosiu, C. J.","contributorId":97034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosiu","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Melancon, M. J.","contributorId":96206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melancon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bickham, J. W.","contributorId":87483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bickham","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Matson, C. W.","contributorId":24717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5224406,"text":"5224406 - 2005 - The adaptive significance of stealing in a marine bird and its relationship to parental quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:10","indexId":"5224406","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:42","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":981,"text":"Behavioral Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The adaptive significance of stealing in a marine bird and its relationship to parental quality","docAbstract":"Kleptoparasitism (food theft) is a tactic used opportunistically by many foraging birds, but little is known about its fitness benefits. Here we show that habitual kleptoparasitism by individual parent roseate terns (Sterna dougallii) is associated with consistently superior reproductive performance relative to nonkleptoparasitic ('honest') parents, as measured by growth and survival to fledging among their offspring. In broods of two, both chicks of kleptoparasitic parents exhibited superior growth performance during the middle and later stages of the rearing period, relative to chicks of honest parents. This difference was especially pronounced in second-hatched chicks, whose survival is highly variable among years and dependent on food availability. Over a 10-year period, average productivity (number of chicks fledged per pair) was significantly higher among kleptoparasites than among honest parents, with a larger relative difference during years of food shortage. Our study indicates that kleptoparasitism in roseate terns is an important component of parental quality and provides the first evidence that food stealing is associated with enhanced fitness in a facultatively kleptoparasitic seabird. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Behavioral Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1093/beheco/ari008","collaboration":"6288_Shealer.pdf","usgsCitation":"Shealer, D.A., Spendelow, J., Hatfield, J., and Nisbet, I., 2005, The adaptive significance of stealing in a marine bird and its relationship to parental quality: Behavioral Ecology, v. 16, no. 2, p. 371-376, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/ari008.","productDescription":"371-376","startPage":"371","endPage":"376","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17163,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/ari008","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aabe4b07f02db669a88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shealer, D. A.","contributorId":55543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shealer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spendelow, J. A. 0000-0001-8167-0898","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8167-0898","contributorId":72478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spendelow","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":41372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nisbet, I.C.T.","contributorId":54942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nisbet","given":"I.C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224401,"text":"5224401 - 2005 - Individual quality, survival variation and patterns of phenotypic selection on body condition and timing of nesting in birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-27T16:28:21.390624","indexId":"5224401","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:42","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Individual quality, survival variation and patterns of phenotypic selection on body condition and timing of nesting in birds","docAbstract":"Questions about individual variation in “quality” and fitness are of great interest to evolutionary and population ecologists. Such variation can be investigated using either a random effects approach or an approach that relies on identifying observable traits that are themselves correlated with fitness components. We used the latter approach with data from 1,925 individual females of three species of ducks (tufted duck, Aythya fuligula; common pochard, Aythya ferina; northern shoveler, Anas clypeata) sampled on their breeding grounds at Engure Marsh, Latvia, for over 15 years. Based on associations with reproductive output, we selected two traits, one morphological (relative body condition) and one behavioral (relative time of nesting), that can be used to characterize individual females over their lifetimes. We then asked whether these traits were related to annual survival probabilities of nesting females. We hypothesized quadratic, rather than monotonic, relationships based loosely on ideas about the likely action of stabilizing selection on these two traits. Parameters of these relationships were estimated directly using ultrastructural models embedded within capture-recapture-band-recovery models. Results provided evidence that both traits were related to survival in the hypothesized manner. For all three species, females that tended to nest earlier than the norm exhibited the highest survival rates, but very early nesters experienced reduced survival and late nesters showed even lower survival. For shovelers, females in average body condition showed the highest survival, with lower survival rates exhibited by both heavy and light birds. For common pochard and tufted duck, the highest survival rates were associated with birds of slightly above-average condition, with somewhat lower survival for very heavy birds and much lower survival for birds in relatively poor condition. Based on results from this study and previous work on reproduction, we conclude that nest initiation date and body condition covary with both reproductive and survival components of fitness. These associations lead to a positive covariance of these two fitness components within individuals and to the conclusion that these two traits are indeed correlates of individual quality.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00442-004-1794-x","usgsCitation":"Blums, P., Nichols, J.D., Hines, J.E., Lindberg, M., and Mednis, A., 2005, Individual quality, survival variation and patterns of phenotypic selection on body condition and timing of nesting in birds: Oecologia, v. 143, no. 3, p. 365-376, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1794-x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"376","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"143","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5ef2a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blums, Peter","contributorId":25652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blums","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":200533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":341561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, James E. 0000-0001-5478-7230 jhines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":146530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":341563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindberg, Mark S.","contributorId":89466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindberg","given":"Mark S.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":341564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mednis, Aivars","contributorId":73695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mednis","given":"Aivars","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5224414,"text":"5224414 - 2005 - [Book review] The history of ornithology in Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T13:29:47","indexId":"5224414","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:36","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] The history of ornithology in Virginia","docAbstract":"Virginia is arguably the birthplace of ornithology in North America. Captain John Smith and naturalist Mark Catesby were among the early describers of Virginia's common birds. David Johnston's book, however, begins by taking the reader back to the Tertiary period, some 65 million years ago, with Storrs Olson's description of fossils from tidewater Virginia. John Guilday, studying bone deposits in mountain caves, identified 80 species of birds, including Rock Ptarmigan and Spruce Grouse, from a time when Virginia's climate differed greatly from that of today. Archaeological studies and accounts of aboriginals in the 17th century complete Chapter 1.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0375:THOOIV]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 2005, [Book review] The history of ornithology in Virginia: The Auk, v. 122, no. 1, p. 375-377, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0375:THOOIV]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"377","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477628,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0375:thooiv]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":195927,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"1","publicComments":"Review of: The history of ornithology in Virginia. David W. Johnston. 2004. University of Virginia Press, Charlottesville, Virginia. x + 219 pp., 25 text figures, 7 tables. ISBN 0-8139-2242-9. Cloth.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47bde4b07f02db4a434d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224448,"text":"5224448 - 2005 - Improving inferences in population studies of rare species that are detected imperfectly","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-07T15:02:18.721013","indexId":"5224448","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:36","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving inferences in population studies of rare species that are detected imperfectly","docAbstract":"For the vast majority of cases, it is highly unlikely that all the individuals of a population will be encountered during a study. Furthermore, it is unlikely that a constant fraction of the population is encountered over times, locations, or species to be compared. Hence, simple counts usually will not be good indices of population size. We recommend that detection probabilities (the probability of including an individual in a count) be estimated and incorporated into inference procedures. However, most techniques for estimating detection probability require moderate sample sizes, which may not be achievable when studying rare species. In order to improve the reliability of inferences from studies of rare species, we suggest two general approaches that researchers may wish to consider that incorporate the concept of imperfect detectability: (1) borrowing information about detectability or the other quantities of interest from other times, places, or species; and (2) using state variables other than abundance (e.g., species richness and occupancy). We illustrate these suggestions with examples and discuss the relative benefits and drawbacks of each approach.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/04-1060","usgsCitation":"MacKenzie, D.I., Nichols, J.D., Sutton, N., Kawanishi, K., and Bailey, L., 2005, Improving inferences in population studies of rare species that are detected imperfectly: Ecology, v. 86, no. 5, p. 1101-1113, https://doi.org/10.1890/04-1060.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1101","endPage":"1113","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477627,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/04-1060","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":201802,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5bac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacKenzie, Darry I.","contributorId":15926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKenzie","given":"Darry","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":200533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":341704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sutton, N.","contributorId":39101,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sutton","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kawanishi, K.","contributorId":98434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kawanishi","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bailey, Larissa","contributorId":86059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Larissa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70204260,"text":"70204260 - 2005 - Implications of global climatic change and energy cost and availability for the restoration of the Mississippi delta","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-16T12:12:27","indexId":"70204260","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-10T12:02:30","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of global climatic change and energy cost and availability for the restoration of the Mississippi delta","docAbstract":"Over the past several thousand years, inputs from the Mississippi River formed the Mississippi delta, an area of about 25,000 km2. Over the past century, however, there has been a high loss of coastal wetlands of about 4800 km2. The main causes of this loss are the near complete isolation of the river from the delta, mostly due to the construction of flood control levees, and pervasive hydrological disruption of the deltaic plain. There is presently a large-scale State-Federal program to restore the delta that includes construction of water control structures in the flood control levees to divert river water into deteriorating wetlands and pumping of dredged sediment, often for long distances, for marsh creation. Global climate change and decreasing availability and increasing cost of energy are likely to have important implications for delta restoration. Coastal restoration efforts will have to be more intensive to offset the impacts of climate change including accelerated sea level rise and changes in precipitation patterns. Future coastal restoration efforts should also focus on less energy-intensive, ecologically engineered management techniques that use the energies of nature as much as possible. Diversions may be as important for controlling salinity as for providing sediments and nutrients for restoring coastal wetlands. Energy-intensive pumping-dredged sediments for coastal restoration will likely become much more expensive in the future.