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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Amphibian declines : The conservation status of United States species","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","publisherLocation":"Berkeley","usgsCitation":"Lannoo, M., Gallant, A.L., Nanjappa, P., Blackburn, L., and Hendricks, R., 2005, Part II: Species accounts: Introduction, chap. of Amphibian declines : The conservation status of United States species, p. 351-380.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"351","endPage":"380","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":378721,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1pp5xd.59"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db63513a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lannoo, Michael","contributorId":32823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lannoo","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507946,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Lannoo, M.","contributorId":16960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lannoo","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gallant, Alisa L. 0000-0002-3029-6637","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-6637","contributorId":23508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallant","given":"Alisa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nanjappa, P.","contributorId":89247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nanjappa","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blackburn, L.","contributorId":16133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackburn","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hendricks, R.","contributorId":48676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendricks","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5211318,"text":"5211318 - 2005 - Effects of dietary selenium exposure in captive American common eiders","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-04T20:51:01.560215","indexId":"5211318","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Effects of dietary selenium exposure in captive American common eiders","docAbstract":"We conducted two studies of Se exposure in captive common eiders (Somateria mollissima). In Study 1, eiders were fed diets with added Se (as L-selenomethionine) in concentrations increasing from 10 ppm to 80 ppm. In Study 2, eiders received control, low exposure (20 ppm Se), and high exposure (60 ppm Se) diets. One duck in the high exposure group in Study 2 died after 36 days. Remaining high exposure ducks in Study 2 and ducks in Study 1 were euthanized after losing 25-30% of their body weight, which occurred after 41 days and 60-78 days, respectively. Body weights did not differ between control and low exposure ducks in Study 2. At the end of Study 1, the mean Se concentration in blood was 32 ppm wet weight (ww). In Study 2, mean blood Se reached 14 ppm ww in the low exposure group and 17 ppm ww in high exposure ducks. Mean Se concentrations in liver were 1252 ppm dry weight (dw) in Study 1, and 351 and 735 ppm dw, respectively, in the low and high exposure groups of Study 2. Oxidative stress was evidenced by Se-associated effects on glutathione metabolism, but not entirely in the same manner as with previous laboratory studies in mallards. In plasma, activities of total and Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase increased with time. As Se concentrations in liver increased, Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, oxidized glutathione, and the ratio of hepatic oxidized to reduced glutathione increased. Total and protein bound sulfhydryl concentrations, reduced glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in liver were negatively correlated with Se concentrations in the liver. In Study 2, spleen weights were significantly lower in ducks receiving 60 ppm Se than in those receiving 20 ppm. Gross lesions associated with high Se exposure included emaciation, absence of thymus, loss of nails from digits, and alopecia. Microscopic lesions included severe depletion of lymphoid organs, hepatopathy, and necrosis of feather pulp and feather epithelium. Common eiders fed high levels of Se lost weight and developed lesions similar to findings in experimental mallards, but they accumulated greater Se concentrations in tissues, particularly liver. Field studies have shown that apparently healthy seaducks generally have higher levels of Se in liver than healthy fresh water birds, but lower than the concentrations we found in our study. We conclude common eiders and probably other seaducks have a higher threshold, or adverse effect level, of Se in tissues than fresh water species.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Programs and Abstracts: Second North American Sea Duck Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Second North American Sea Duck Conference","conferenceDate":"November 7-11, 2005","conferenceLocation":"Annapolis, MD","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Franson, J.C., Hoffman, D.J., Wells-Berlin, A., Perry, M., Bochsler, V.S., Finley, D., Flint, P.L., and Hollmen, T., 2005, Effects of dietary selenium exposure in captive American common eiders, in Programs and Abstracts: Second North American Sea Duck Conference, Annapolis, MD, November 7-11, 2005.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"71","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202931,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4883e4b07f02db518217","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franson, J. 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Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station","publisherLocation":"Albany, California","usgsCitation":"Bart, J., Koneff, M., and Wendt, S., 2005, Biological objectives for bird populations, chap. of Bird Conservation Implementation and Integration in the Americas: Proceedings of the Third International Partners in Flight Conference 2002, p. 52-56.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"52","endPage":"56","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203023,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92021,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/psw_gtr191/Asilomar/pdfs/52-56.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db623411","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ralph, C. 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Recently, the Chesapeake Bay had undergone an ecosystem shift and little is known about how this is affecting the seaduck populations. We are determining what are the preferred food sources of the seaducks wintering on the Bay and analyzing the factors influencing prey selection whether it is prey composition, energy assimilated, prey availability, or a combination of any or all of these factors. We have established a captive colony of surf (Melanitta perspicillata) and white-winged scoters (Melanitta fusca) as well as long-tailed ducks at Patuxent Wildlife Research Center to allow us to examine these factors in a more controlled environment. This project contains a multitude of experiments and the resultant data will be compiled into a compartmental model on the feeding ecology of seaducks wintering on the Bay. The first experiment entailed feeding groups of each species (four ducks per pen of equal sex ratio, if possible, and four pens per species) three diets varying in percent protein levels from November to February. Each diet was randomly assigned to each pen and the amount of food consumed was recorded each day. New feed was given when all existing food was consumed. Behavioral trials and blood profiles were completed on all study birds to determine the effects of the varying diets. There were no significant differences in food consumption, blood chemistry, and behavior detected at the 5% level among the diets for all three species of interest. There was a seasonal effect determined based on the food consumption data for white-winged scoters, but not for surf scoters or long-tailed ducks. The blood profiles of the surf scoters were compared to blood profiles of wild surf scoters and a there was no difference detected at the 5% level. As a health check of the ducks an aspergillosis test was run on the blood obtained during the experiment and it was found that surf scoters are more resistant to the disease than the other species. In the next two winters natural prey items available to seaducks wintering in the Chesapeake Bay will be offered on palettes to examine preference without the additional energetic costs of diving. Assimilation efficiency trials will be run on all three species to determine amount of energy the ducks obtain from each food source. Finally, using two large aquariums, prey preference will be analyzed with the additional energetic costs of diving and searching for prey. In addition, we will determine the effect of availability of a prey item on the prey selection of seaducks. We hope the model created from these experiments will allow managers to examine the effects of changes in the benthos on the seaduck populations wintering in the Chesapeake Bay.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Second North American Sea Duck Conference, November 7-11, 2005, Annapolis, Maryland. Program and Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","collaboration":" PDF on file: see 6658_Perry.pdf","usgsCitation":"Wells-Berlin, A., Perry, M., and Olsen, G.H., 2005, The effect of varying protein levels on blood chemistry, food consumption, and behavior of captive seaducks, chap. of Second North American Sea Duck Conference, November 7-11, 2005, Annapolis, Maryland. Program and Abstracts.","productDescription":"123","startPage":"121 (abs)","numberOfPages":"123","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203022,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6673e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells-Berlin, A. M. 0000-0002-5275-3077","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5275-3077","contributorId":14544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells-Berlin","given":"A. 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It is well known that variation in observer ability and environmental conditions can influence the detection probability of birds in point counts, but many biologists have been reluctant to abandon point counts in favor of more intensive approaches to counting. However, over the past few years a variety of statistical and methodological developments have begun to provide practical ways of overcoming some of the problems with point counts. We describe some of these approaches, and show how they can be integrated into standard point count protocols to greatly enhance the quality of the information. Several tools now exist for estimation of detection probability of birds during counts, including distance sampling, double observer methods, time-depletion (removal) methods, and hybrid methods that combine these approaches. Many counts are conducted in habitats that make auditory detection of birds much more likely than visual detection. As a framework for understanding detection probability during such counts, we propose separating two components of the probability a bird is detected during a count into (1) the probability a bird vocalizes during the count and (2) the probability this vocalization is detected by an observer. In addition, we propose that some measure of the area sampled during a count is necessary for valid inferences about bird populations. This can be done by employing fixed-radius counts or more sophisticated distance-sampling models. We recommend any studies employing point counts be designed to estimate detection probability and to include a measure of the area sampled.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bird Conservation Implementation and Integration in the Americas: Proceedings of the Third International Partners in Flight Conference 2002","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U. S. 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Lincoln and the formation of the North American bird banding program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:24","indexId":"5211330","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Frederick C. Lincoln and the formation of the North American bird banding program","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bird Conservation Implementation and Integration in the Americas: Proceedings of the Third International Partners in Flight Conference 2002","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station","publisherLocation":"Albany, California","collaboration":"Conference held March 20-24, 2002, Asilomar, California PDF on file: 6518_Tautin.pdf","usgsCitation":"Tautin, J., 2005, Frederick C. Lincoln and the formation of the North American bird banding program, chap. of Bird Conservation Implementation and Integration in the Americas: Proceedings of the Third International Partners in Flight Conference 2002, p. 813-814.","productDescription":"2 volumes: xiv, 1296","startPage":"813","endPage":"814","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203118,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a86ca","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ralph, C. 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Physiographic diversity and geologic history have fostered development in the Alabama River system of globally significant levels of aquatic faunal diversity and endemism. At least 184 fishes are native to the system, including at least 33 endemic species. During the past century, dam construction for hydropower generation and navigation resulted in 16 reservoirs that inundate 44% of the length of the Alabama River system main stems. This extensive physical and hydrologic alteration has affected the fish fauna in three major ways. Diadromous and migratory species have declined precipitously. Fish assemblages persisting downstream from large main-stem dams have been simplified by loss of species unable to cope with altered flow and water quality regimes. Fish populations persisting in the headwaters and in tributaries to the mainstem reservoirs are now isolated and subjected to effects of physical and chemical habitat degradation. Ten fishes in the Alabama River system (including seven endemic species) are federally listed as threatened or endangered. Regional experts consider at least 28 additional species to be vulnerable, threatened, or endangered with extinction. Conserving the Alabama River system fish fauna will require innovative dam management, protection of streams from effects of urbanization and water supply development, and control of alien species dispersal. Failure to manage aggressively for integrity of remaining unimpounded portions of the Alabama River system will result in reduced quality of natural resources for future generations, continued assemblage simplification, and species extinction. ","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Historical Changes in Large River Fish Assemblages of the Americas","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, Maryland","collaboration":"OCLC: 61894396 ISBN 1-888569-72-7 Proceedings of the AFS Symposium, Changes in Fish Community Structures in Large USA Rivers, held in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, 21 August 2001. PDF on file: 6401_Freeman.pdf","usgsCitation":"Freeman, M.C., Irwin, E., Burkhead, N., Freeman, B.J., and Bart, H., 2005, Status and conservation of the fish fauna of the Alabama River system, chap. of Historical Changes in Large River Fish Assemblages of the Americas, p. 557-585.","startPage":"557","endPage":"585","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0a71","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rinne, John N.","contributorId":112029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinne","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507952,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hughes, Robert M.","contributorId":113579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507954,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calamusso, Bob","contributorId":112460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calamusso","given":"Bob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507953,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, Mary C. 0000-0001-7615-6923","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":99659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":330642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irwin, E.R.","contributorId":90269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burkhead, N.M.","contributorId":34456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhead","given":"N.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freeman, B. 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Jr.","contributorId":89252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fouquette","given":"M.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Painter, C.W.","contributorId":59763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nanjappa, P.","contributorId":89247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nanjappa","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5211295,"text":"5211295 - 2005 - Rana sphenocephala Cope, 1886: southern leopard frog","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:13","indexId":"5211295","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Rana sphenocephala Cope, 1886: southern leopard frog","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Amphibian declines : the conservation status of United States species","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","publisherLocation":"Berkeley","collaboration":" PDF on file: 6369_Butterfield.pdf","usgsCitation":"Butterfield, B.P., Lannoo, M., and Nanjappa, P., 2005, Rana sphenocephala Cope, 1886: southern leopard frog, chap. of Amphibian declines : the conservation status of United States species, p. 586-587.","productDescription":"xxi, 1094","startPage":"586","endPage":"587","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649578","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lannoo, Michael","contributorId":32823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lannoo","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507948,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Butterfield, B. P.","contributorId":49071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butterfield","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lannoo, M.J.","contributorId":17937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lannoo","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nanjappa, P.","contributorId":89247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nanjappa","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5211294,"text":"5211294 - 2005 - Pseudacris crucifer Wied-Neuwid, 1838: spring peeper","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:13","indexId":"5211294","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Pseudacris crucifer Wied-Neuwid, 1838: spring peeper","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Amphibian declines : the conservation status of United States species","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","publisherLocation":"Berkeley","collaboration":" PDF on file: 6368_Butterfield.pdf","usgsCitation":"Butterfield, B.P., Lannoo, M., and Nanjappa, P., 2005, Pseudacris crucifer Wied-Neuwid, 1838: spring peeper, chap. of Amphibian declines : the conservation status of United States species, p. 472-474.","productDescription":"xxi, 1094","startPage":"472","endPage":"474","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a91e4b07f02db656642","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lannoo, Michael","contributorId":32823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lannoo","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507947,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Butterfield, B. P.","contributorId":49071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Butterfield","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lannoo, M.J.","contributorId":17937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lannoo","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nanjappa, P.","contributorId":89247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nanjappa","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5211292,"text":"5211292 - 2005 - Evaluating calling surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:19","indexId":"5211292","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Evaluating calling surveys","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Amphibian declines : the conservation status of United States species","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","publisherLocation":"Berkeley","collaboration":" PDF on file: 6366_Droege.pdf","usgsCitation":"Droege, S., and Eagle, P., 2005, Evaluating calling surveys, chap. of Amphibian declines : the conservation status of United States species, p. 314-319.","productDescription":"xxi, 1094","startPage":"314","endPage":"319","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fb0c6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lannoo, Michael","contributorId":32823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lannoo","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507945,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Droege, Sam 0000-0003-4393-0403","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-0403","contributorId":64185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Droege","given":"Sam","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":330613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eagle, P.","contributorId":76857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagle","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5211306,"text":"5211306 - 2005 - Estimating the number of animals in wildlife populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:26","indexId":"5211306","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Estimating the number of animals in wildlife populations","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION In 1938, Howard M. Wight devoted 9 pages, which was an entire chapter in the first wildlife management techniques manual, to what he termed 'census' methods. As books and chapters such as this attest, the volume of literature on this subject has grown tremendously. Abundance estimation remains an active area of biometrical research, as reflected in the many differences between this chapter and the similar contribution in the previous manual. Our intent in this chapter is to present an overview of the basic and most widely used population estimation techniques and to provide an entree to the relevant literature. Several possible approaches could be taken in writing a chapter dealing with population estimation. For example, we could provide a detailed treatment focusing on statistical models and on derivation of estimators based on these models. Although a chapter using this approach might provide a valuable reference for quantitative biologists and biometricians, it would be of limited use to many field biologists and wildlife managers. Another approach would be to focus on details of actually applying different population estimation techniques. This approach would include both field application (e.g., how to set out a trapping grid or conduct an aerial survey) and detailed instructions on how to use the resulting data with appropriate estimation equations. We are reluctant to attempt such an approach, however, because of the tremendous diversity of real-world field situations defined by factors such as the animal being studied, habitat, available resources, and because of our resultant inability to provide detailed instructions for all possible cases. We believe it is more useful to provide the reader with the conceptual basis underlying estimation methods. Thus, we have tried to provide intuitive explanations for how basic methods work. In doing so, we present relevant estimation equations for many methods and provide citations of more detailed treatments covering both statistical considerations and field applications. We have chosen to present methods that are representative of classes of estimators, rather than address every available method. Our hope is that this chapter will provide the reader with enough background to make an informed decision about what general method(s) will likely perform well in any particular field situation. Readers with a more quantitative background may then be able to consult detailed references and tailor the selected method to suit their particular needs. Less quantitative readers should consult a biometrician, preferably one with experience in wildlife studies, for this 'tailoring,' with the hope they will be able to do so with a basic understanding of the general method, thereby permitting useful interaction and discussion with the biometrician. SUMMARY Estimating the abundance or density of animals in wild populations is not a trivial matter. Virtually all techniques involve the basic problem of estimating the probability of seeing, capturing, or otherwise detecting animals during some type of survey and, in many cases, sampling concerns as well. In the case of indices, the detection probability is assumed to be constant (but unknown). We caution against use of indices unless this assumption can be verified for the comparison(s) of interest. In the case of population estimation, many methods have been developed over the years to estimate the probability of detection associated with various kinds of count statistics. Techniques range from complete counts, where sampling concerns often dominate, to incomplete counts where detection probabilities are also important. Some examples of the latter are multiple observers, removal methods, and capture-recapture. Before embarking on a survey to estimate the size of a population, one must understand clearly what information is needed and for what purpose the information will be used. The key to derivin","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Techniques for Wildlife Investigations and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, Maryland","collaboration":"ISBN: 0933564155. OCLC: 61111371","usgsCitation":"Lancia, R., Kendall, W., Pollock, K.H., and Nichols, J., 2005, Estimating the number of animals in wildlife populations, chap. of Techniques for Wildlife Investigations and Management, p. 106-153.","productDescription":"xiv, 974","startPage":"106","endPage":"153","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc409","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Braun, Clait E.","contributorId":59368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braun","given":"Clait","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507964,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Lancia, R.A.","contributorId":42327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lancia","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, W. L. 0000-0003-0084-9891","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":32880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":330656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5211278,"text":"5211278 - 2005 - General constraints on sampling wildlife on FIA plots","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:18","indexId":"5211278","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"General constraints on sampling wildlife on FIA plots","docAbstract":"This paper reviews the constraints to sampling wildlife populations at FIA points. Wildlife sampling programs must have well-defined goals and provide information adequate to meet those goals. Investigators should choose a State variable based on information needs and the spatial sampling scale. We discuss estimation-based methods for three State variables: species richness, abundance, and patch occupancy. All methods incorporate two essential sources of variation: detectability estimation and spatial variation. FIA sampling imposes specific space and time criteria that may need to be adjusted to meet local wildlife objectives.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the fourth annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium: meeting jointly with the Southern Forest Mensurationists: New Orleans, Louisiana, November 19-21, 2002","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","collaboration":"OCLC: 60329802 Document contributions to forest inventory in the areas of sampling, remote sensing, modeling, information management and analysis for the Forest Inventory and Analysis program of the USDA Forest Service. PDF on file: 6331_Bailey.pdf","usgsCitation":"Bailey, L., Sauer, J., Nichols, J., and Geissler, P., 2005, General constraints on sampling wildlife on FIA plots, chap. of Proceedings of the fourth annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium: meeting jointly with the Southern Forest Mensurationists: New Orleans, Louisiana, November 19-21, 2002, p. 1-5.","productDescription":"viii, 258","startPage":"1","endPage":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92019,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/14378","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0ffe","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McRoberts, Ronald E.","contributorId":91026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McRoberts","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507936,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reams, Gregory A.","contributorId":111764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reams","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507938,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Deusen, Paul C.","contributorId":111553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Deusen","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507937,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McWilliams, William H.","contributorId":113722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McWilliams","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507940,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cieszewski, Chris J.","contributorId":111854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cieszewski","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507939,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, L.L. 0000-0002-5959-2018","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5959-2018","contributorId":61006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"L.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Geissler, P.H.","contributorId":24038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5211279,"text":"5211279 - 2005 - Management of ticks and tick-borne diseases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:18","indexId":"5211279","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Management of ticks and tick-borne diseases","docAbstract":"The mainstays of tick management and protection from tick-borne diseases have traditionally been personal precautions and the application of acaricides. These techniques maintain their value, and current innovations hold considerable promise for future improvement in effective targeting of materials for tick control. Furthermore, an explosion of research in the past few decades has resulted in the development and expansion of several novel and potentially valuable approaches to tick control, including vaccination against tick-borne pathogen transmission and against tick attachment, host management, use of natural enemies (especially entomopathogenic fungi), and pheromone-based techniques. The situations that require tick management are diverse, and occur under varied ecological conditions. Therefore, the likelihood of finding a single ?magic bullet? for tick management is low. In practical terms, the approach to tick management or to management of tick-borne disease must be tailored to the specific conditions at hand. One area that needs increased attention is the decision-making process in applying IPM to tick control. Further development of novel tick control measures, and increased efficiency in their integration and application to achieve desired goals, holds great promise for effective future management of ticks and tick-borne diseases.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tick-borne Diseases of Humans","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASM Press","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","collaboration":"Visit URL for table of contents. OCLC: 56614466 PDF on file: 6335_Ginsberg.pdf","usgsCitation":"Ginsberg, H., and Stafford, K., 2005, Management of ticks and tick-borne diseases, chap. of Tick-borne Diseases of Humans, p. 65-86.","productDescription":"440","startPage":"65","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"440","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a305","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Goodman, J.L.","contributorId":112513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodman","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507942,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dennis, D.T.","contributorId":112951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennis","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507943,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sonenshine, D .E.","contributorId":111765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonenshine","given":"D","email":"","middleInitial":".E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507941,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Ginsberg, H. S. 0000-0002-4933-2466","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-2466","contributorId":27576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"H. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stafford, K.C. III","contributorId":72496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"K.C.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5211275,"text":"5211275 - 2005 - Modeling seasonal interactions in the population dynamics of migratory birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:18","indexId":"5211275","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Modeling seasonal interactions in the population dynamics of migratory birds","docAbstract":"Understanding the population dynamics of migratory birds requires understanding the relevant biological events that occur during breeding, migratory, and overwintering periods. The few available population models for passerine birds focus on breeding-season events, disregard or oversimplify events during nonbreeding periods, and ignore interactions that occur between periods of the annual cycle. Identifying and explicitly incorporating seasonal interactions into population models for migratory birds could provide important insights about when population limitation actually occurs in the annual cycle. We present a population model for the annual cycle of a migratory bird, based on the American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla) but more generally applicable, that examines the importance of seasonal interactions by incorporating: (1) density dependence during the breeding and winter seasons, (2) a carry-over effect of winter habitat on breeding-season productivity, and (3) the effects of behavioral dominance on seasonal and habitat specific demographic rates. First, we show that habitat availability on both the wintering and breeding grounds can strongly affect equilibrium population size and sex ratio. Second, sex ratio dynamics, as mediated by behavioral dominance, can affect all other aspects of population dynamics. Third, carry-over effects can be strong, especially when winter events are limiting. These results suggest that understanding the population dynamics of migratory birds may require more consideration of the seasonal interactions induced by carry-over effects and density dependence in multiple seasons. This model provides a framework in which to explore more fully these seasonal dynamics and a context for estimation of life history parameters.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Birds of two worlds: the ecology and evolution of migration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Johns Hopkins University Press","publisherLocation":"Baltimore","collaboration":"Visit URL for table of contents. 'Birds of Two Worlds: Advances in the Ecology and Evolution of Temperate-Tropical Migration Systems' (2002 : National Conservation and Training Center, Shepardstown, W. Va.) PDF on file: 6309_Runge.pdf","usgsCitation":"Runge, M., and Marra, P., 2005, Modeling seasonal interactions in the population dynamics of migratory birds, chap. of Birds of two worlds: the ecology and evolution of migration, p. 375-389.","productDescription":"xviii, 466","startPage":"375","endPage":"389","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200835,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c4b3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Greenberg, Russell","contributorId":112131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenberg","given":"Russell","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507925,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marra, Peter P.","contributorId":108030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marra","given":"Peter P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507924,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Runge, M.C. 0000-0002-8081-536X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":49312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marra, P.P.","contributorId":90683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marra","given":"P.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5211276,"text":"5211276 - 2005 - The herpetofauna of the Rincon area, Peninsula de Osa, Costa Rica, a Central American lowland evergreen forest site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:16","indexId":"5211276","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The herpetofauna of the Rincon area, Peninsula de Osa, Costa Rica, a Central American lowland evergreen forest site","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and Evolution in the Tropics: A Herpetological Perspective","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","publisherLocation":"Chicago, Illinois","collaboration":"OCLC: 55800954. View the publisher's description and table of contents at URLs above. PDF on file: 6327_McDiarmid.pdf 4.1 MB","usgsCitation":"McDiarmid, R., and Savage, J., 2005, The herpetofauna of the Rincon area, Peninsula de Osa, Costa Rica, a Central American lowland evergreen forest site, chap. of Ecology and Evolution in the Tropics: A Herpetological Perspective, p. 366-427.","productDescription":"xv, 675","startPage":"366","endPage":"427","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d56c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Donnelly, M.A.","contributorId":78845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507926,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crother, B.I.","contributorId":113776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crother","given":"B.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507929,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guyer, C.","contributorId":113362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guyer","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507928,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wake, M.H.","contributorId":111470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wake","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507927,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"White, M.E.","contributorId":113777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507930,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"McDiarmid, R.W.","contributorId":15130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDiarmid","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, J.M.","contributorId":66199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5211304,"text":"5211304 - 2005 - Bottomland hardwood establishment and avian colonization of reforested sites in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:24","indexId":"5211304","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Bottomland hardwood establishment and avian colonization of reforested sites in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley","docAbstract":"Reforestation of bottomland hardwood sites in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley has markedly increased in recent years, primarily due to financial incentive programs such as the Wetland Reserve Program, Partners for Wildlife Program, and state and private conservation programs. An avian conservation plan for the Mississippi Alluvial Valley proposes returning a substantial area of cropland to forested wetlands. Understanding how birds colonize reforested sites is important to assess the effectiveness of avian conservation. We evaluated establishment of woody species and assessed bird colonization on 89 reforested sites. These reforested sites were primarily planted with heavy-seeded oaks (Quercus spp.) and pecans (Carya illinoensis). Natural invasion of light-seeded species was expected to diversify these forests for wildlife and sustainable timber harvest. Planted tree species averaged 397 + 36 stems/ha-1, whereas naturally invading trees averaged 1675 + 241 stems/ha. However, naturally invading trees were shorter than planted trees and most natural invasion occurred <100 m from an existing forested edge. Even so, planted trees were relatively slow to develop vertical structure, especially when compared with tree species planted and managed for pulpwood production. Slow development of vertical structure resulted in grassland bird species, particularly dickcissel (Spiza americana) and red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), being the dominant avian colonizers for the first 7 years post-planting. High priority bird species (as defined by Partners in Flight), such as prothonotary warbler (Protonotaria citrea) and wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina), were not frequently detected until stands were 15 years old. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed tree height had the greatest influence on the bird communities colonizing reforested sites. Because colonization by forest birds is dependent on tree height, we recommend inclusion of at least one fast-growing tree species (e.g., cottonwood [Populus deltoides], or sycamore [Platanus occidentalis]) in the planting stock to encourage rapid avian colonization.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and Management of Bottomland Hardwood Systems: the state of our understanding: a symposium, March 11-13, 1999, Memphis, TN","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Missouri-Columbia","publisherLocation":"Puxico","collaboration":"OCLC: 62725433 PDF on file: 6412_Wilson.pdf","usgsCitation":"Wilson, R., and Twedt, D., 2005, Bottomland hardwood establishment and avian colonization of reforested sites in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, chap. of Ecology and Management of Bottomland Hardwood Systems: the state of our understanding: a symposium, March 11-13, 1999, Memphis, TN, p. 341-352.","productDescription":"xiv, 542","startPage":"341","endPage":"352","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db601fd9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Fredrickson, L.H.","contributorId":91042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredrickson","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507959,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, S.L.","contributorId":105663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507960,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaminski, R.M.","contributorId":53330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaminski","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507958,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, R.R.","contributorId":12138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twedt, D.J. 0000-0003-1223-5045","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":105009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5211303,"text":"5211303 - 2005 - Landscape level reforestation priorities for forest breeding landbirds in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:24","indexId":"5211303","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Landscape level reforestation priorities for forest breeding landbirds in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley","docAbstract":"Thousands of ha of cleared wetlands are being reforested annually in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV). Despite the expansive and long-term impacts of reforestation on the biological communities of the MAV, there is generally a lack of landscape level planning in its implementation. To address this deficiency we used raster-based digital data to assess the value of forest restoration to migratory landbirds for each ha within the MAV. Raster themes were developed that reflected distance from 3 existing forest cover parameters: (1) extant forest, (2) contiguous forest patches between 1,012 and 40,000 ha, and (3) forest cores with contiguous area <5,200 ha. Forest core habitat was any forest habitat >1 km from an agricultural, urban, or pastoral edge. Two additional raster themes were developed that combined information on the proportion of forest cover and average size of forest patches, respectively, within landscapes of 50,000, 100,000, 150,000, and 200,000 ha. Data from these 5 themes were amalgamated into a single raster using a weighting system that gave increased emphasis to existing forest cores, larger forest patches, and moderately forested landscapes while deemphasizing reforestation near small or isolated forest fragments and within largely agricultural landscapes. This amalgamated raster was then modified by the geographic location of historical forest cover and the current extent of public land ownership to assign a reforestation priority score to each ha in the MAV. However, because reforestation is not required on areas with extant forest cover and because restoration is unlikely on areas of open water and urban communities, these lands were not assigned a reforestation priority score. These spatially explicit reforestation priority scores were used to simulate reforestation of 368,000 ha (5%) of the highest priority lands in the MAV. Targeting restoration to these high priority areas resulted in a 54% increase in forest core - an area of forest core that exceeded the area of simulated reforestation. Bird Conservation Regions, developed within the framework of the Partners in Flight: Mississippi Alluvial Valley Bird Conservation Plan, encompassed a large proportion (circa 70%) of the area with highest priority for reforestation. Similarly, lands with high reforestation priority often were enrolled in the Wetland Reserve Program.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and Management of Bottomland Hardwood Systems: the state of our understanding: a symposium, March 11-13, 1999, Memphis, TN ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Missouri-Columbia","publisherLocation":"Puxico","collaboration":"OCLC: 62725433 PDF on file: 6411_Twedt.pdf 4.4 MB color","usgsCitation":"Twedt, D., and Uihlein, W., 2005, Landscape level reforestation priorities for forest breeding landbirds in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, chap. of Ecology and Management of Bottomland Hardwood Systems: the state of our understanding: a symposium, March 11-13, 1999, Memphis, TN , p. 321-340.","productDescription":"xiv, 542","startPage":"321","endPage":"340","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6aba27","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Fredrickson, L.H.","contributorId":91042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredrickson","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507956,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, S.L.","contributorId":105663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507957,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaminski, R.M.","contributorId":53330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaminski","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507955,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Twedt, D.J. 0000-0003-1223-5045","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":105009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Uihlein, W.B. III","contributorId":44636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uihlein","given":"W.B.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}