Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
Turbidity is one of the indicators used to assess the environmental health of water bodies. Turbidity is caused by the presence of suspended and dissolved matter, such as clay, silt, finely divided organic matter, plankton and other microscopic organisms, organic acids, and dyes. This section of the National Field Manual (NFM) describes the USGS protocols for determining turbidity in surface and ground waters, including extensive guidance for equipment selection and data reporting. It includes the revised approach to turbidity measurement and reporting that was implemented by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in October 2004 to account for technological advances and consequent measurement complexities. Each chapter of the National Field Manual is published separately and revised periodically. Newly published and revised chapters will be announced on the USGS Home Page on the World Wide Web under 'New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey.'
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 9","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/twri09A6.7","usgsCitation":"Anderson, C., 2005, Chapter A6. Section 6.7. Turbidity (Version 2.1): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 09-A6.7, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri09A6.7.","productDescription":"55 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":363706,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm9A0","text":"Techniques and Methods 9-AO","linkHelpText":"- General introduction for the “National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data”"},{"id":363067,"rank":6,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri9a6/twri9a67/twri9a_turbidity_codes_1-2007.xls","text":"Turbidty Codes January 2007","size":"69.5 KB xls","linkHelpText":"- Turbidity parameter codes and methods codes (January 2007) "},{"id":363069,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri9a6/twri9a67/twri9a_6.7_ver2.0_8-04.pdf","text":"Report August 2004","size":"811 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Version 2.0"},{"id":363163,"rank":5,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov//twri/twri9a6/twri9a67/twri9a_turbidity_codes_5-2012.xlsx","text":"Turbidity Codes May 2012","size":"30.2 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"- Turbidity parameter codes and methods codes (May 2012)"},{"id":9808,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri9a6/twri9a67/twri9a_Section6.7_v2.1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"695 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TWRI 9A6.7","linkHelpText":"- Version 2.1"},{"id":363068,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri9a6/twri9a67/twri9a_Section6.7.pdf","text":"Report April 1998","size":"102 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Original Report"}],"edition":"Version 2.1","contact":"Water Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Email: nfm@usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"Reduction-oxidation (redox) potential--also referred to as Eh--is a measure of the equilibrium potential, relative to the standard hydrogen electrode, developed at the interface between a noble metal electrode and an aqueous solution containing electroactive chemical species. Measurements of Eh are used to evaluate geochemical speciation models, and Eh data can provide insights on the evolution and status of water chemistry in an aqueous system. Nevertheless, the measurement is fraught with inherent interferences and limitations that must be understood and considered to determine applicability to the aqueous system being studied. For this reason, Eh determination is not one of the field parameters routinely measured by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). This section of the National Field Manual (NFM) describes the equipment and procedures needed to measure Eh in water using a platinum electrode. Guidance as to the limitations and interpretation of Eh measurement also is included. Each chapter of the National Field Manual is published separately and revised periodically. Newly published and revised chapters will be announced on the USGS Home Page on the World Wide Web under 'New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey.'
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 9","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/twri09A6.5","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., and Wilde, F.D., 2005, Chapter A6. Section 6.5. Reduction-Oxidation Potential (Electrode Method) (Version 1.2): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 09-A6.5, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri09A6.5.","productDescription":"22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":363705,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm9A0","text":"Techniques and Methods 9-AO","linkHelpText":"- General introduction for the “National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data”"},{"id":9807,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri9a6/twri9a65/twri9a_6.5_v_1.2.pdf","text":"Report","size":"269 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TWRI 9A6.5"},{"id":363014,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri9a6/twri9a65/twri9a_Section6.5.pdf","text":"Report - April 1998","size":"369 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Original Report"}],"edition":"Version 1.2","contact":"Water Mission Area
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Email: nfm@usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits on Prince of Wales Island and vicinity in southeastern Alaska are associated with Late Proterozoic through Cambrian volcanosedimentary rocks of the Wales Group and with Ordovician through Early Silurian felsic volcanic rocks of the Moira Sound unit (new informal name). The massive sulfide deposits in the Wales Group include the Big Harbor, Copper City, Corbin, Keete Inlet, Khayyam, Ruby Tuesday, and Stumble-On deposits, and those in the Moira Sound unit include the Barrier Islands, Moira Copper, Niblack, and Nichols Bay deposits. Pb-isotopic signatures were determined on sulfide minerals (galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, and sphalerite) to constrain metal sources of the massive sulfides and for comparison with data for other deposits in the region. Except for the Ruby Tuesday deposit, galena is relatively rare in most of these deposits. Pb-isotopic signatures distinguish the mainly Cu+Zn±Ag±Au massive sulfide deposits in the Wales Group from the Zn+Cu±Ag±Au massive sulfide deposits in the Moira Sound unit. Among the older group of deposits, the Khayyam deposit has the widest variation in Pb-isotopic ratios (206Pb/204Pb=17.169–18.021, 207Pb/204Pb=15.341–15.499, 208Pb/204Pb=36.546–37.817); data for the other massive sulfide deposits in the Wales Group overlap the isotopic variations in the Khayyam deposit. Pb-isotopic ratios for both groups of deposits are lower than those on the average crustal Pbevolution curve (µ=9.74), attesting to a large mantle influence in the Pb source. All the deposits show no evidence for Pb evolution primarily in the upper or lower continental crust. Samples from the younger group of deposits have scattered Pb-isotopic compositions and plot as a broad band on uranogenic and thorogenic Pb diagrams. Data for these deposits overlap the trend for massive sulfide deposits in the Wales Group but extend to significantly more radiogenic Pb-isotopic values. Pb-isotopic ratios of samples from the massive sulfide deposits in the Moira Sound unit plot on a different trend (206Pb/204Pb=17.375–19.418, 207Pb/204Pb=15.361–15.519, 208Pb/204Pb=36.856–37.241) from the steep slope defined by the massive sulfide deposits in the Wales Group. In comparison, the Pb-isotopic ratios of Devonian polymetallic (Pb-Zn-Au-Ag) quartz-sulfide veins vary widely ( 206Pb/204Pb=18.339–18.946, 207Pb/204Pb=15.447–15.561, 208Pb/204Pb=37.358–38.354), straddling the slope defined by the massive sulfide deposits in the Moira Sound unit. The general decrease in 207Pb/204Pb ratio in these deposits, relative to the average crustal Pb-evolution curve, suggests that the most likely lead sources were those associated with oceanic volcanic rocks. The massive sulfide deposits in the Wales Group may have resided within an intraoceanic tectonic setting where the mantle was the predominant contributor of metals. Some contribution from reworked arc material or recycled older, hydrothermally altered oceanic crust (including pelagic sediment) is also possible. Lead sources of the massive sulfide deposits in the Moira Sound unit also included an older source region, possibly a Late Proterozoic or Cambrian volcanosedimentary sequence and the massive sulfide deposits in the Wales Group. Preliminary regional comparison of the Pb-isotopic data indicates that the Greens Creek (Admiralty Island, Alaska) and Windy Craggy (northern British Columbia) deposits probably did not share a common lead source with the VMS deposits on Prince of Wales Island. Other sulfide occurrences on Admiralty Island are also more radiogenic than those on Prince of Wales Island. Large differences in 207Pb/204Pb ratio suggest that the lead in the VMS deposits in different parts of the Alexander terrane evolved from sources with heterogeneous U/Pb ratios, resulting from mixing of mantle and crustal components.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2005 (Professional paper 1732)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1732E","usgsCitation":"Ayuso, R.A., Karl, S.M., Slack, J.F., Haeussler, P.J., Bittenbender, P.E., Wandless, G.A., and Colvin, A., 2005, Oceanic Pb-isotopic sources of Proterozoic and Paleozoic volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits on Prince of Wales Island and vicinity, southeastern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1732, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1732E.","productDescription":"20 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science 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gwandless@usgs.gov","contributorId":4782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wandless","given":"Gregory","email":"gwandless@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":644113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Colvin, Anna","contributorId":102959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colvin","given":"Anna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":79477,"text":"fs20053124 - 2005 - Science to sustain terminal lakes: The Walker River Basin Study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-15T11:05:03","indexId":"fs20053124","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact 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This bill was later amended under Public Law 108-7, Section 207 to include language 'Restoration of fish, wildlife, and associated habitats in watersheds of certain lakes'. The amendment specified that only Pyramid, Summit, and Walker Lakes in the State of Nevada were to be considered under Section 2507, Public Law 107-171.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20053124","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Science to sustain terminal lakes: The Walker River Basin Study: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3124, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053124.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3124.jpg"},{"id":9021,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3124/fs20053124.pdf","text":"Report","size":"593 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2005-3124"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd304","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70159651,"text":"70159651 - 2005 - Coral disease and health workshop: Coral histopathology II, July 12-14, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-17T19:22:52.62315","indexId":"70159651","displayToPublicDate":"2006-12-01T13:21:57","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5134,"text":"NOAA Technical Memorandum","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NOS NCCOS 56 and CRCP 4","title":"Coral disease and health workshop: Coral histopathology II, July 12-14, 2005","docAbstract":"The health and continued existence of coral reef ecosystems are threatened by an increasing array of environmental and anthropogenic impacts. Coral disease is one of the prominent causes of increased mortality among reefs globally, particularly in the Caribbean. Although over 40 different coral diseases and syndromes have been reported worldwide, only a few etiological agents have been confirmed; most pathogens remain unknown and the dynamics of disease transmission, pathogenicity and mortality are not understood. Causal relationships have been documented for only a few of the coral diseases, while new syndromes continue to emerge. Extensive field observations by coral biologists have provided substantial documentation of a plethora of new pathologies, but our understanding, however, has been limited to descriptions of gross lesions with names reflecting these observations (e.g., black band, white band, dark spot). To determine etiology, we must equip coral diseases scientists with basic biomedical knowledge and specialized training in areas such as histology, cell biology and pathology. Only through combining descriptive science with mechanistic science and employing the synthesis epizootiology provides will we be able to gain insight into causation and become equipped to handle the pending crisis.
\nOne of the critical challenges faced by coral disease researchers is to establish a framework to systematically study coral pathologies drawing from the field of diagnostic medicine and pathology and using generally accepted nomenclature. This process began in April 2004, with a workshop titled Coral Disease and Health Workshop: Developing Diagnostic Criteria co-convened by the Coral Disease and Health Consortium (CDHC), a working group organized under the auspices of the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force, and the International Registry for Coral Pathology (IRCP). The workshop was hosted by the U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) in Madison, Wisconsin and was focused on gross morphology and disease signs observed in the field. A resounding recommendation from the histopathologists participating in the workshop was the urgent need to develop diagnostic criteria that are suitable to move from gross observations to morphological diagnoses based on evaluation of microscopic anatomy.
\nAs a continuation of building the foundation and framework for coral disease diagnostics, the CDHC convened the Coral Disease and Health Workshop: Coral Histopathology II in Charleston, South Carolina, July 11-14, 2005. The workshop was hosted by the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC which provided expertise, facilities and equipment in support of the workshop. All of the histological slides and related photographs used in the discussions were prepared and supplied by the IRCP. This workshop brought together 15 experts in veterinary and medical pathology and coral biology from national and international research institutes and government laboratories. The mission was to devise a standardized approach to examining microscopic anatomy and pathology of corals and a standardized nomenclature to facilitate accurate descriptions of the microscopic morphology of corals and enhance communication among specialists investigating causes of coral death. 2
\nThe participants of this workshop deliberated for 3 days to refine the nomenclature for gross and microscopic anatomy of corals and systematically described microscopic changes associated with selected coral diseases. The findings and recommendations from the deliberations will be submitted to the research community for peer review. The standardized nomenclature and descriptions produced at this workshop will ultimately be made available to the scientific community through a variety of media including the World Wide Web.
\nAn exciting highlight of this meeting was provided by Professor Robert Ogilvie (MUSC Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy) when he introduced participants to a new digital technology that is revolutionizing histology and histopathology in the medical field. The Virtual Slide technology creates digital images of histological tissue sections by computer scanning actual slides in high definition and storing the images for retrieval and viewing. Virtual slides now allow any investigator with access to a computer and the web to view, search, annotate and comment on the same tissue sections in real time. Medical and veterinary slide libraries across the country are being converted into virtual slides to enhance biomedical education, research and diagnosis. The coral health and disease researchers at this workshop deem virtual slides as a significant way to increase capabilities in coral histology and a means for pathology consultations on coral disease cases on a global scale.
","conferenceTitle":"Coral disease and health workshop: Coral Histopathology II","conferenceDate":"July 12-14, 2005","conferenceLocation":"Charleston, SC","language":"English","publisher":"NOAA","publisherLocation":"Silver Springs, MD","usgsCitation":"Galloway, S.B., Woodley, C.M., McLaughlin, S.M., Work, T.M., Bochsler, V.S., Meteyer, C.U., Sileo, L., Peters, E., Kramarsky-Winters, E., Morado, J.F., Parnell, P.G., Rotstein, D.S., Harely, R.A., and Reynolds, T.L., 2005, Coral disease and health workshop: Coral histopathology II, July 12-14, 2005: NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 56 and CRCP 4, iv, 84 p.","productDescription":"iv, 84 p.","numberOfPages":"92","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311375,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publicComments":"Workshop was held at Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Pathology, Charleston, SC","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564b0c44e4b0ebfbef0d313d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galloway, S. B.","contributorId":149873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Galloway","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodley, Cheryl M.","contributorId":120123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodley","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McLaughlin, S. 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C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kramarsky-Winters, E.","contributorId":149875,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kramarsky-Winters","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Morado, J. Frank","contributorId":10701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morado","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Frank","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Parnell, P. G.","contributorId":149876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parnell","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Rotstein, D. S.","contributorId":149877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rotstein","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Harely, R. A.","contributorId":149878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harely","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Reynolds, T. L.","contributorId":51001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":79389,"text":"ofr20051428 - 2005 - Digital Mapping Techniques '05--Workshop Proceedings, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, April 24-27, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-01T08:50:22","indexId":"ofr20051428","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1428","title":"Digital Mapping Techniques '05--Workshop Proceedings, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, April 24-27, 2005","docAbstract":"Introduction: The Digital Mapping Techniques '05 (DMT'05) workshop was attended by more than 100 technical experts from 47 agencies, universities, and private companies, including representatives from 25 state geological surveys (see Appendix A). This workshop was similar in nature to the previous eight meetings, held in Lawrence, Kansas (Soller, 1997), in Champaign, Illinois (Soller, 1998), in Madison, Wisconsin (Soller, 1999), in Lexington, Kentucky (Soller, 2000), in Tuscaloosa, Alabama (Soller, 2001), in Salt Lake City, Utah (Soller, 2002), in Millersville, Pennsylvania (Soller, 2003), and in Portland, Oregon (Soller, 2004). This year's meeting was hosted by the Louisiana Geological Survey, from April 24-27, 2005, on the Louisiana State University campus in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. As in the previous meetings, the objective was to foster informal discussion and exchange of technical information. It is with great pleasure I note that the objective was successfully met, as attendees continued to share and exchange knowledge and information, and to renew friendships and collegial work begun at past DMT workshops. Each DMT workshop has been coordinated by the Association of American State Geologists (AASG) and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Data Capture Working Group, which was formed in August 1996, to support the AASG and the USGS in their effort to build a National Geologic Map Database (see Soller and Berg, this volume, and http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/info/standards/datacapt/). The Working Group was formed because increased production efficiencies, standardization, and quality of digital map products were needed for the database?and for the State and Federal geological surveys?to provide more high-quality digital maps to the public. At the 2005 meeting, oral and poster presentations and special discussion sessions emphasized: 1) methods for creating and publishing map products (here, 'publishing' includes Web-based release); 2) field data capture software and techniques, including the use of LIDAR; 3) digital cartographic techniques; 4) migration of digital maps into ArcGIS Geodatabase format; 5) analytical GIS techniques; 6) continued development of the National Geologic Map Database; and 7) progress toward building and implementing a standard geologic map data model and standard science language for the U.S. and for North America.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Digital Mapping Techniques '05--Workshop Proceedings, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, April 24-27, 2005","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Digital Mapping Techniques '05","conferenceDate":"April 24-27, 2005","conferenceLocation":"Baton Rouge, Louisiana","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051428","collaboration":"Convened by the\r\nAssociation of American State Geologists\r\nand the\r\nUnited States Geological Survey\r\n\r\nHosted by the\r\nLouisiana Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Soller, D.R., 2005, Digital Mapping Techniques '05--Workshop Proceedings, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, April 24-27, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1428, vi, 268 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051428.","productDescription":"vi, 268 p.","numberOfPages":"274","temporalStart":"2005-05-24","temporalEnd":"0205-05-27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":194578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":362519,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1428/pdf/DMT05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":8889,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1428/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b45ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soller, David R. 0000-0001-6177-8332 drsoller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-8332","contributorId":2700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soller","given":"David","email":"drsoller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":79388,"text":"ofr20051292 - 2005 - A Science Framework for Connecticut River Watershed Sustainability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:56","indexId":"ofr20051292","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1292","title":"A Science Framework for Connecticut River Watershed Sustainability","docAbstract":"Introduction: \r\nThis document outlines a research framework for water resource managers and land-use planners in the four-state Connecticut River Watershed (CRW). It specifically focuses on developing the decision-support tools and data needed by managers in the watershed. \r\n\r\nThe purpose of the Science Framework is to identify critical research issues and information required to better equip managers to make decisions on desirable changes in the CRW. \r\n\r\nThis Science Framework is the result of a cooperative project between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the University of Massachusetts at Amherst (UMass-Amherst), and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). The cooperative project was guided by a Science Steering Committee (SC) and included several focus groups, a 70-person workshop in September 2004, and an open collaborative process by which the workshop outcomes were synthesized, written up, and then progressively refined through peer review. This document is the product of that collaborative process. \r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051292","usgsCitation":"Rideout, S., Nicolson, C., Russell-Robinson, S.L., and Mecray, E.L., 2005, A Science Framework for Connecticut River Watershed Sustainability (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1292, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051292.","productDescription":"22 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":8888,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1292/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":191245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4967e4b0b290850ef22d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rideout, Stephen","contributorId":46168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rideout","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nicolson, Craig","contributorId":8565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicolson","given":"Craig","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Russell-Robinson, Susan L.","contributorId":82002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell-Robinson","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mecray, Ellen L.","contributorId":50887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mecray","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":79309,"text":"ofr20051233 - 2005 - Submersed Aquatic Vegetation Modeling Output Online","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:57","indexId":"ofr20051233","displayToPublicDate":"2006-11-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1233","title":"Submersed Aquatic Vegetation Modeling Output Online","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThe ability to predict the distribution of submersed aquatic vegetation in the Upper Mississippi River on the basis of physical or chemical variables is useful to resource managers. Wildlife managers have a keen interest in advanced estimates of food quantity such as American wildcelery (Vallisneria americana) population status to give out more informed advisories to hunters before the fall hunting season. Predictions for distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation beds can potentially increase hunter observance of voluntary avoidance zones where foraging birds are left alone to feed undisturbed. In years when submersed aquatic vegetation is predicted to be scarce in important wildlife habitats, managers can get the message out to hunters well before the hunting season (Jim Nissen, Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge, La Crosse District Manager, La Crosse, Wisconsin, personal communication).\r\n\r\nWe developed a statistical model to predict the probability of occurrence of submersed aquatic vegetation in Pool 8 of the Upper Mississippi River on the basis of a few hydrological, physical, and geomorphic variables. Our model takes into consideration flow velocity, wind fetch, bathymetry, growing-season daily water level, and light extinction coefficient in the river (fig. 1) and calculates the probability of submersed aquatic vegetation existence in Pool 8 in individual 5- x 5-m grid cells. The model was calibrated using the data collected in 1998 (516 sites), 1999 (595 sites), and 2000 (649 sites) using a stratified random sampling protocol (Yin and others, 2000b). To validate the model, we chose the data from the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) transect sampling in backwater areas (Rogers and Owens 1995; Yin and others, 2000a) and ran the model for each 5- x 5-m grid cell in every growing season from 1991 to 2001. We tallied all the cells and came up with an annual average percent frequency of submersed aquatic vegetation occurrence and compared the results with actual LTRMP survey data (fig. 2). Both a paired Student's test (P = 0.4620) and a Wilcoxon's two-sample test (P = 0.4738) did not contradict our null hypothesis that the model prediction and the sampling data are statistically the same. We have not found an effective statistical test to compare model-predicted spatial pattern with aerial photography geographic information, but we are satisfied with the model's outcome on the basis of visual inspection (fig. 3).\r\n\r\nA unique feature about this model is that a prediction can be made by the end of June each year; therefore, providing wildlife managers an assessment of current year vegetation growth condition 3 to 4 months ahead of the arrival of migrating waterfowl that feed on submersed aquatic vegetation. We are working with the LTRMP partnership to create a mechanism so that model predictions (fig. 4) can be updated annually and the results posted on the LTRMP Web site. Our model underestimated the prevalence of vegetation from 2001 to 2004. We speculate that the summer water level reduction conducted in 2001 and 2002 triggered vegetation responses that are outside the model's domain. Future enhancement of the model will incorporate the summer water level drawdown effects as well as the effects of growth conditions in previous years.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051233","usgsCitation":"Yin, Y., Rogala, J., Sullivan, J., and Rohweder, J.J., 2005, Submersed Aquatic Vegetation Modeling Output Online: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1233, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051233.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":8793,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.umesc.usgs.gov/management/dss/sub_veg_model.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":191200,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9834,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1233/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699b48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yin, Yao yyin@usgs.gov","contributorId":2170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yin","given":"Yao","email":"yyin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":289621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogala, Jim","contributorId":71269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogala","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sullivan, John","contributorId":37017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rohweder, Jason J. jrohweder@usgs.gov","contributorId":460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohweder","given":"Jason","email":"jrohweder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":289620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":79223,"text":"sir20055112 - 2005 - Lead isotopic compositions of soil and near-surface till profiles from a watershed containing arsenic-enriched groundwater in coastal Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-13T23:00:32.582574","indexId":"sir20055112","displayToPublicDate":"2006-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5112","title":"Lead isotopic compositions of soil and near-surface till profiles from a watershed containing arsenic-enriched groundwater in coastal Maine","docAbstract":"Lead isotope compositions of soils and near-surface tills from an area of coastal Maine known to have groundwater with anomalously high arsenic contents were measured in order to determine the source of the lead and, by inference, possible sources of arsenic. Five soil and till sites were selected for detailed chemical and isotopic analysis. To construct profiles of the soil and till horizons, five samples were collected at 10-cm intervals from the surface to the base of each horizon. Total lead and arsenic concentrations and lead isotopic compositions were measured for 48 leaches and bulk residues. The soils and tills are underlain by sulfidic schists of the Penobscot Formation. Several generations of minerals containing arsenic and lead exist in the regional bedrock, including rock-forming silicates (feldspar and micas), sulfide minerals formed during diagenesis (for example, arsenic-rich pyrite), and sulfide and oxide minerals that formed as a result of Silurian metamorphic and igneous events (for example, arsenopyrite, galena, iron-oxides, and arsenic-sulfides). A young group of secondary minerals (for example, iron-hydroxides, arsenic-hydroxides, lead-sulfate, and arsenic-jarosite) formed from recent weathering and pedogenic processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055112","usgsCitation":"Ayuso, R., Foley, N., Wandless, G., Dillingham, J., and Colvin, A., 2005, Lead isotopic compositions of soil and near-surface till profiles from a watershed containing arsenic-enriched groundwater in coastal Maine (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5112, iii, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055112.","productDescription":"iii, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191445,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8679,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5112/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":423552,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_78108.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.95858952725301,\n 44.37470300561222\n ],\n [\n -68.97088961263374,\n 44.37470300561222\n ],\n [\n -68.97088961263374,\n 44.36133399885091\n ],\n [\n -68.95858952725301,\n 44.36133399885091\n ],\n [\n -68.95858952725301,\n 44.37470300561222\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8709","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayuso, Robert","contributorId":96350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foley, Nora","contributorId":9342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Nora","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wandless, Gregory","contributorId":77233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wandless","given":"Gregory","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dillingham, Jeremy","contributorId":49451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillingham","given":"Jeremy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Colvin, Anna","contributorId":102959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colvin","given":"Anna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":79180,"text":"fs20053108 - 2005 - Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center - 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:23","indexId":"fs20053108","displayToPublicDate":"2006-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3108","title":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center - 2005","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs20053108","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center - 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3108, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053108.","productDescription":"1 p.","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120717,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3108.jpg"},{"id":8636,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3108/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ce4b07f02db6085ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":77643,"text":"ofr20051439 - 2005 - Inventory of gate-sensing equipment at 14 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dams in Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-24T17:02:39","indexId":"ofr20051439","displayToPublicDate":"2006-08-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1439","title":"Inventory of gate-sensing equipment at 14 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dams in Texas","docAbstract":"The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is a worldwide organization that provides engineering services, environmental restoration, and construction support for a wide variety of civil and military projects. The primary civil mission of the USACE is developing and managing the Nation's water resources. USACE develops projects to reduce flood damage, improve navigation channels and harbors, protect wetlands, and preserve, safeguard, and enhance the environment. Additional missions of the Corps include managing federal real estate, assisting communities with emergency operations and recovery, and providing recreation opportunities.
Accurate and timely information on reservoir gate openings is critical for managing flood pools, reducing flood damage downstream from reservoirs, delivering drinking-water supplies, and meeting an assortment of competing downstream water-use needs. Documentation, operation, and maintenance of gate sensors are needed so that reliable, timely information is available to USACE to make reservoir operation decisions.
USACE requested that the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) prepare an inventory and documentation of existing gate-sensing equipment at 14 reservoirs that will serve as a user’s manual for operating the equipment. The 14 reservoirs include Aquilla Lake, Bardwell Lake, Benbrook Lake, Canyon Lake, Georgetown Lake, Granger Lake, Grapevine Lake, Jim Chapman Lake, Joe Pool Lake, Lake O’ the Pines, Ray Roberts Lake, Somerville Lake, Stillhouse Hollow Lake, and Wright Patman Lake.
This report presents the inventory and documentation of the existing gate-sensing equipment at the 14. The report is organized by lake; information in each lake section includes location of lake and intake structure, directions to each lake (road log), access, equipment description, operation and maintenance information, job hazard analysis, wiring diagrams, photographs, and datalogger programs. The report also includes a list of contact information for the different manufacturers of equipment in service at the lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051439","usgsCitation":"Harwell, G.R., 2005, Inventory of gate-sensing equipment at 14 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dams in Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1439, ix, 255 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051439.","productDescription":"ix, 255 p.","numberOfPages":"264","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20051439.PNG"},{"id":8544,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1439/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Aquilla Lake, Bardwell Lake, Benbrook Lake, Canyon Lake, Georgetown Lake, Granger Lake, Grapevine Lake, Jim Chapman Lake, Joe Pool Lake, Lake O’ the Pines, Ray Roberts 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Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:00","indexId":"sir20055276","displayToPublicDate":"2006-08-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5276","title":"Surface gamma-ray survey of the Barre West quadrangle, Washington and Orange Counties, Vermont","docAbstract":"This study was designed to determine the levels of naturally occurring radioactivity in bedrock from surface measurements at outcrops during the course of 1:24,000-scale geologic mapping and to determine which rock types were potential sources of radionuclides.\r\n\r\nElevated levels of total alpha particle radiation (gross alpha) occur in a public water system in Montpelier, Vermont. Measured gross alpha levels in the Murray Hill water system (Vermont Dept. of Environmental Conservation, unpub. data, 2005) have exceeded the maximum contaminant level of 15 picocuries per liter (pCi/l) set by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (EPA, 2000). The Murray Hill system began treatment for radium in 1999. Although this treatment was successful, annual monitoring for gross alpha, radium, and uranium continues as required (Jon Kim, written communication, 2005). The water system utilizes a drilled bedrock well located in the Silurian-Devonian Waits River Formation. Kim (2002) summarized radioactivity data for Vermont, and aside from a statewide assessment of radon in public water systems (Manning and Ladue, 1986) and a single flight line from the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) (Texas Instruments, 1976) (fig. 1), no data are available to identify the potential sources of naturally occurring radioactivity in the local bedrock.\r\n\r\nAirborne gamma-ray surveys are typically used for large areas (Duval, 2001, 2002), and ground-based surveys are more commonly used for local site assessments. For example, ground-based surveys have been used for fault mapping (Iwata and others, 2001), soil mapping (Roberts and others, 2003), environmental assessments (Stromswold and Arthur, 1996), and mineral exploration (Jubeli and others, 1998). Duval (1980) summarized the methods and applications of gamma- ray spectrometry.\r\n\r\nIn this study, we present the results from a ground-based gamma-ray survey of bedrock outcrops in the 7.5-minute Barre West quadrangle, Vermont. Other related and ongoing studies in the area are addressing potential mineral sources of radionuclides (Satkoski and Walsh, 2004; Satkoski and others, 2005), radionuclides in ground water (Kim and others, 2005), and bedrock geology.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055276","usgsCitation":"Walsh, G.J., and Satkoski, A.M., 2005, Surface gamma-ray survey of the Barre West quadrangle, Washington and Orange Counties, Vermont (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5276, 1 CD-ROM; iv, 19 p.; 9 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055276.","productDescription":"1 CD-ROM; iv, 19 p.; 9 figs.","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8388,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5276/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":8717,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5276/metadata.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696e87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, Gregory J. 0000-0003-4264-8836 gwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Gregory","email":"gwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Satkoski, Aaron M.","contributorId":10885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Satkoski","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":77644,"text":"ofr20051251 - 2005 - User's Manual for the National Water Information System of the U.S. Geological Survey: Ground-water site-inventory system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:57","indexId":"ofr20051251","displayToPublicDate":"2006-08-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1251","title":"User's Manual for the National Water Information System of the U.S. Geological Survey: Ground-water site-inventory system","docAbstract":"The Ground-Water Site-Inventory (GWSI) System is a ground-water data storage and retrieval system that is part of the National Water Information System (NWIS) developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The NWIS is a distributed water database in which data can be processed over a network of workstations and file servers at USGS offices throughout the United States. This system comprises the GWSI, the Automated Data Processing System (ADAPS), the Water-Quality System (QWDATA), and the Site- Specific Water-Use Data System (SWUDS).\r\n\r\nThe GWSI System provides for entering new sites and updating existing sites within the local database. In addition, the GWSI provides for retrieving and displaying groundwater and Sitefile data stored in the local database. Finally, the GWSI provides for routine maintenance of the local and national data records. This manual contains instructions for users of the GWSI and discusses the general operating procedures for the programs found within the GWSI Main Menu.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051251","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, User's Manual for the National Water Information System of the U.S. Geological Survey: Ground-water site-inventory system (Version 4.4): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1251, xi, 274 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051251.","productDescription":"xi, 274 p.","numberOfPages":"285","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8389,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1251/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 4.4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db603fa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":77364,"text":"wdrAK041 - 2005 - Water resources data, Alaska, water year 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:41","indexId":"wdrAK041","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"AK-04-1","title":"Water resources data, Alaska, water year 2004","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 2004 water year for Alaska consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stages of lakes; and water levels and water quality of ground water. This volume contains records for water discharge at 115 gaging stations; stage or contents only at 3 gaging stations; water quality at 39 gaging stations; and water levels for 26 observation wells. Also included are data for 55 crest-stage partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. Some data collected during 2004 will be published in subsequent reports. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Alaska.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrAK041","usgsCitation":"Meyer, D.F., Best, H., Host, R., Murray, R., and Solin, G., 2005, Water resources data, Alaska, water year 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report AK-04-1, 452 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrAK041.","productDescription":"452 p.","numberOfPages":"452","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2003-10-01","temporalEnd":"2004-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":190522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8340,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2004/wdr-ak-04-1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -179,54.75 ], [ -179,71.35 ], [ -130,71.35 ], [ -130,54.75 ], [ -179,54.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f15f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, D. F.","contributorId":21167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Best, H.R.","contributorId":55526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Best","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Host, R.H.","contributorId":91938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Host","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murray, R.P.","contributorId":98399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Solin, G. L.","contributorId":106132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solin","given":"G. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":76902,"text":"ofr20051081 - 2005 - User's manual for the National Water Information System of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Water-quality System (QWDATA)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":76902,"text":"ofr20051081 - 2005 - User's manual for the National Water Information System of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Water-quality System (QWDATA)","indexId":"ofr20051081","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"User's manual for the National Water Information System of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Water-quality System (QWDATA)"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":76959,"text":"ofr20061145 - 2006 - User's manual for the National Water Information Systemof the U.S. Geological Survey Water-Quality System","indexId":"ofr20061145","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"title":"User's manual for the National Water Information Systemof the U.S. Geological Survey Water-Quality System"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":76959,"text":"ofr20061145 - 2006 - User's manual for the National Water Information Systemof the U.S. Geological Survey Water-Quality System","indexId":"ofr20061145","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"title":"User's manual for the National Water Information Systemof the U.S. Geological Survey Water-Quality System"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-24T01:02:05","indexId":"ofr20051081","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1081","title":"User's manual for the National Water Information System of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Water-quality System (QWDATA)","docAbstract":"This user documentation is designed to be a reference for the Water-Quality System (QWDATA) within the National Water Information System (NWIS). For the new user, the 'Introduction' and 'Getting Started' sections are the recommended places to begin. The experienced user may want to go straight to the details provided in the program section (section 3). Code lists and some miscellaneous reference materials are provided in the Appendices. The last section, 'Tip Sheets,' is a collection of suggestions for accomplishing selected tasks, some of which are basic and some of which are advanced. Where appropriate, these Tip Sheets are referenced in the main text of the documentation.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051081","usgsCitation":"Gellenbeck, D., Oblinger, C.J., Runkle, D.L., Schertz, T.L., Scott, J.C., and Taylor, R.L., 2005, User's manual for the National Water Information System of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Water-quality System (QWDATA) (Version 4.3): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1081, vii, 355 p.; Appendices; PDF Downloads of Sections, Appendices, and Tip Sheets, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051081.","productDescription":"vii, 355 p.; Appendices; PDF Downloads of Sections, Appendices, and Tip Sheets","numberOfPages":"355","costCenters":[{"id":450,"text":"National Water Information System","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":8356,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1081/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":192872,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 4.3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603d85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gellenbeck, Dorinda djgell@usgs.gov","contributorId":661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gellenbeck","given":"Dorinda","email":"djgell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":288125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oblinger, Carolyn J. 0000-0003-2914-1643 oblinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2914-1643","contributorId":13275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oblinger","given":"Carolyn","email":"oblinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Runkle, Donna L. dlrunkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":2556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkle","given":"Donna","email":"dlrunkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":288126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schertz, Terry L. tschertz@usgs.gov","contributorId":188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schertz","given":"Terry","email":"tschertz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":288124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scott, Jonathon C. jcscott@usgs.gov","contributorId":5449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Jonathon","email":"jcscott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":288127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Taylor, Robert L.","contributorId":89987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":76897,"text":"ofr20051347 - 2005 - Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Tuzigoot National Monument","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:11","indexId":"ofr20051347","displayToPublicDate":"2006-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-1347","title":"Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Tuzigoot National Monument","docAbstract":"Executive Summary\r\n\r\nFrom 2002 to 2004, we surveyed for plants and vertebrates (amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals) at Tuzigoot National Monument (NM) and adjacent areas in Arizona. This was the first effort of its kind in the area and was part of a larger effort to inventory vascular plants and vertebrates in eight National Park Service units in Arizona and New Mexico. In addition to our own surveys, we also compiled a complete list of species that have been found by previous studies.\r\n\r\nWe found 330 species, including 142 that had not previously been recorded at the monument (Table 1). We found 39 species of non-native plants, 11 non-native fishes, three non-native birds, and one non-native species each of amphibian and mammal. Based on our work and that of others, there have been 597 species of plants and vertebrates found at the monument.\r\n\r\nThe bird community at the monument had the highest species richness of any national park unit in central and southern Arizona. We found all other taxa to have intermediate species richness compared to other park units in the region. This extraordinary species richness observed for birds, as well as for some other taxa, is due primarily to Tavasci Marsh and the Verde River, two critical sources of perennial water, which provide habitat for many regionally rare or uncommon species. The location of the monument at the northern edge of the Sonoran Desert and at the southern edge of the Mogollon Rim also plays an important role in determining the distribution and community composition of the plant and vertebrate communities.\r\n\r\nBased on our findings, we believe the high number of non-native species, especially fish and plants, should be of particular management concern. We detail other management challenges, most notably the rapid increase in housing and associated commercial development near the monument, which will continue to impact the plant and vertebrate communities.\r\n\r\nBased on our data and a review of past studies, we believe the inventory for most taxa is nearly complete, though some rare or elusive species will be added with additional survey effort. We recommend additional inventory, monitoring, and research studies and we identify components of our effort that could be improved upon, either through the application of new techniques or by extending the temporal and/or spatial scope of our work.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr20051347","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources; This report supersedes Powell et al. (2003, 2004a, and 2005a) and Schmidt et al. (2005)","usgsCitation":"Powell, B., Albrecht, E., Halvorson, W.L., Schmidt, C., Anning, P., and Docherty, K., 2005, Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Tuzigoot National Monument (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1347, xiv, 105 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051347.","productDescription":"xiv, 105 p.","numberOfPages":"113","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9837,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://sbsc.wr.usgs.gov/files/pdfs/ofr_2005-1347.pdf","size":"17999","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d5e4b07f02db548fea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, Brian F.","contributorId":25644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Brian F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Albrecht, E.W.","contributorId":29081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albrecht","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halvorson, William Lee","contributorId":104992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halvorson","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmidt, Cecilia A.","contributorId":25645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Cecilia A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anning, P.","contributorId":77249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anning","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Docherty, K.","contributorId":17321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Docherty","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":288112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}