We compared Englemann spruce biogeochemical processes in forest stands east and west of the Continental Divide in the Colorado Front Range. The divide forms a natural barrier for air pollutants such that nitrogen (N) emissions from the agricultural and urban areas of the South Platte River Basin are transported via upslope winds to high elevations on the east side but rarely cross over to the west side. Because there are far fewer emissions sources to the west, atmospheric N deposition is 1–2 kg N ha−1 y−1 on the west side, as compared with 3–5 kg N ha−1 y−1 on the east side. Species composition, elevation, aspect, parent material, site history, and climate were matched as closely as possible across six east and six west side old-growth forest stands. Higher N deposition sites had significantly lower organic horizon C:N and lignin:N ratios, lower foliar C:N ratios, as well as greater %N, higher N:Ca, N:Mg, and N:P ratios, and higher potential net mineralization rates. When C:N ratios dropped below 29, as they did in east-side organic horizon soils, mineralization rates increased linearly. Our results are comparable to those from studies of the northeastern United States and Europe that have found changes in forest biogeochemistry in response to N deposition inputs between 3 and 60 kg ha−1 y−1. Though they are low by comparison with more densely populated and agricultural regions, current levels of N deposition, have caused measurable changes in Englemann spruce forest biogeochemistry east of the Continental Divide in Colorado.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-001-0054-8","usgsCitation":"Rueth, H., and Baron, J., 2002, Differences in Englemann spruce forest biogeochemistry east and west of the Continental Divide in Colorado, USA: Ecosystems, v. 5, no. 1, p. 45-57, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-001-0054-8.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"57","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d79f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rueth, H.M.","contributorId":103611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rueth","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015014,"text":"1015014 - 2002 - Evaluation of 2-soft-release techniques to reintroduce black bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-19T16:23:53","indexId":"1015014","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of 2-soft-release techniques to reintroduce black bears","docAbstract":"Black bear (Ursus americanus) were extirpated from most of their range by the early 1900s by habitat destruction and unregulated hunting. Since then, bear habitat has recovered in many areas, but isolation may prevent natural recolonization. Black bear translocations often have limited success because of high mortality rates and low site fidelity. We tested 2 reintroduction techniques designed to overcome those problems. The first technique used a winter release whereby pre- or post-parturient female bears were removed from their dens and placed in new dens at the release area. The second technique involved translocating female bears to the reintroduction area during summer and holding them in pens for a 2-week acclimation period before release. We translocated 8 female bears with cubs with the winter-release technique and 6 female with the summer-release technique. After release, total distance moved, net distance moved, mean daily distance moved, and circuity for winter-released bears (x̄=18.3 km, 7.1 km, 1.4 km, and 0.36, respectively) were less than summer-released bears (x̄=97.6, 63.4 km 5.1 km, and 0.74; P=0.010, 0.040, 0.019, and 0.038, respectively). Also, survival of winter-released bears (0.88) was greater than that for summer-released bears (0.2, P=0.001). Population modeling indicated that the least one additional stocking of 6 adult females with 12 cubs would greatly increase chances of population reestablishment. the winter-release technique has distinct advantages over the summer-release technique, limiting post-release movements and increasing survival of translocated bears.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","usgsCitation":"Eastridge, R., and Clark, J.D., 2002, Evaluation of 2-soft-release techniques to reintroduce black bears: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 29, no. 4, p. 1163-1174.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1163","endPage":"1174","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":320204,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3784140"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area, Daniel Boone National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n 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36.84116367417466\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fb024","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eastridge, Rick","contributorId":168732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eastridge","given":"Rick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Joseph D. 0000-0002-8547-8112 jclark1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-8112","contributorId":2265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph","email":"jclark1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":321815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1013528,"text":"1013528 - 2002 - The polar bear management agreement for the southern Beaufort Sea: An evaluation of the first ten years of a unique conservation agreement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-10T16:50:04.983656","indexId":"1013528","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The polar bear management agreement for the southern Beaufort Sea: An evaluation of the first ten years of a unique conservation agreement","docAbstract":"Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) of the southern Beaufort Sea population, distributed from approximately Icy Cape, west of Point Barrow, to Pearce Point, east of Paulatuk in Canada, are harvested by hunters from both countries. In Canada, quotas to control polar bear hunting have been in place, with periodic modifications, since 1968. In Alaska, passage of the United State Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) of 1972 banned polar bear hunting unless done by Alaska Natives for subsistence. However, the MMPA placed no restrictions on numbers or composition of the subsistence hunt, leaving open the potential for an overharvest with no possible legal management response until the population was declared depleted. Recognizing that as a threat to the conservation of the shared polar bear population, the Inuvialuit Game Council from Canada and the North Slop Borough from Alaska negotiated and signed a user-to-user agreement, the Polar Bear Management Agreement for the Southern Beaufort Sea, in 1988. We reviewed the functioning of the agreement through its first 10 years and concluded that, overall, it has been successful because both the total harvest and the proportion of females in the harvest have been contained within sustainable limits. However, harvest monitoring needs to be improved in Alaska, and awareness of the need to prevent overharvest of females needs to be increased in both countries. This agreement is a useful model for other user-to-user conservation agreements.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Arctic Institute of North America","doi":"10.14430/arctic720","usgsCitation":"Brower, C., Carpenter, A., Branigan, M., Calvert, W., Evans, T., Fischbach, A.S., Nagy, J., Schliebe, S., and Stirling, I., 2002, The polar bear management agreement for the southern Beaufort Sea: An evaluation of the first ten years of a unique conservation agreement: Arctic, v. 55, no. 4, p. 362-372, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic720.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"362","endPage":"372","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478624,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic720","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":128481,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156.1,66.3 ], [ -156.1,74.7 ], [ -104.0,74.7 ], [ -104.0,66.3 ], [ -156.1,66.3 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"55","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a71e4b07f02db641e35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brower, C.D.","contributorId":93852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brower","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, A.","contributorId":87882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Branigan, M.L.","contributorId":94249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Branigan","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Calvert, W.","contributorId":44105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evans, T.","contributorId":87883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fischbach, Anthony S. 0000-0002-6555-865X afischbach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6555-865X","contributorId":2865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischbach","given":"Anthony","email":"afischbach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nagy, J.A.","contributorId":27393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagy","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schliebe, S.","contributorId":27818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schliebe","given":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stirling, I.","contributorId":103615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stirling","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":1013487,"text":"1013487 - 2002 - Sea otter population structure and ecology in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-28T14:53:40","indexId":"1013487","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":897,"text":"Arctic Research of the United States","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea otter population structure and ecology in Alaska","docAbstract":"Sea otters are the only fully marine otter. They share a common ancestry with the Old World land otters, but their route of dispersal to the New World is uncertain. The historic range of the species is along the northern Pacific Ocean rim, between central Baja California and the islands of northern Japan. Because they forage almost exclusively on bottom-dwelling marine invertebrates such as clams, snails, crabs, and sea urchins, they predominantly occur near shore. Their offshore distribution is limited by their diving ability; although they are capable of diving to more than 100 meters deep, most of their feeding takes place between the shoreline and depths of 40 meters. They are social animals, generally resting in protected bays or kelp forests in groups, commonly referred to as rafts. Because they are gregarious, possess a fine fur, and occur primarily near shore, they have been exploited by humans for as long as they have co-occupied coastal marine communities.
During the late Pleistocene, glacial advances and retreats in the northern latitudes likely influenced genetic exchange within the sea otter’s northern range. When the glaciers were at their maximum, ice sheets extended over large coastal areas, isolating sea otter populations and causing local extinctions. During periods of glacial retreat, sea otters likely recolonized the newly available habitats, allowing exchange of individuals and gene flow between populations.
Beginning in about 1750, sea otter populations underwent dramatic declines as a direct result of commercial harvest for their furs. Explorations by Vitus Bering led to the discovery of abundant sea otter populations in the Aleutian Islands. The early harvest, conducted by Russians with enslaved Aleut hunters, began in the eastern Aleutians. Eventually the harvest became multinational and contributed significantly to the exploration and settlement of the North Pacific coastline by Europeans. There were two distinct periods of harvest—one reaching its peak about 1800 and averaging about 15,000 per year and a second about 1870, averaging about 4,000 per year. The causes for this harvest pattern are unknown, but it may represent two distinct periods of overexploitation separated by a brief period of population recovery.
By 1890 the species had been eliminated throughout most of its range, persisting in small numbers at 13 isolated locations in California, Alaska, and Russia. The number of sea otters that survived the fur trade is unknown, but available data suggest that some remnant populations may have been as small as a few dozen individuals. In 1911, sea otters were afforded protection under the International Fur Seal Treaty, and populations apparently responded by gradually increasing in abundance. The rates of population recovery varied among locations, averaging 9% annually and ranging from 6 to 13%. The population at Amchitka Island in the central Aleutians had the highest growth rate among those surviving, apparently reaching carrying capacity by about 1950.
Efforts to aid the recovery of the species into the vast unoccupied habitats between California and Prince William Sound began in 1965. Sea otters from Amchitka and Prince William Sound were translocated to Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, and several locations in southeastern Alaska. With the exception of Oregon, these translocations have resulted in the establishment of successful colonies. Population growth rates of translocated sea otters have been significantly greater than among remnant populations, averaging 21% and ranging from 18 to 24%. We don’t know why the growth rates of the remnant and translocated populations are so different, but it may be partly because of the abundant food and space available at the translocated sites.
The varying patterns of sea otter population decline and recovery provide a unique and powerful tool for studying the effects of historic reductions on populations, as well as how populations respond to varying environmental conditions. During the past decade, using molecular genetics, researchers have been trying to understand how sea otter populations might differ throughout the North Pacific and what effects population reductions and recovery have had on population genetics. Also, as a result of the varying degree of recovery among isolated populations, we have the opportunity to contrast life history attributes (such as condition, reproduction, and survival) among populations throughout their range. These contrasts may be useful in developing methods to assess the status of populations where traditional methods of surveying abundance are difficult and expensive.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Science Foundation","publisherLocation":"Arlington, VA","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., and Monson, D., 2002, Sea otter population structure and ecology in Alaska: Arctic Research of the United States, v. 16, p. 31-35.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"35","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334800,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.arctic.gov/publications/related/arotus.html"},{"id":334801,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2003/nsf03021/nsf03021_5.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc5bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":318703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187591,"text":"70187591 - 2002 - Predators","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70187591,"text":"70187591 - 2002 - Predators","indexId":"70187591","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"chapter":"6","title":"Predators"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":53871,"text":"bsr20020001 - 2002 - Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries","indexId":"bsr20020001","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":53871,"text":"bsr20020001 - 2002 - Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries","indexId":"bsr20020001","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-06T11:00:52","indexId":"70187591","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9,"text":"Biological Science Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2002-0001","chapter":"6","title":"Predators","docAbstract":"Calving caribou (Rangifer tarandus) of the Central Arctic herd, Alaska, have avoided the infrastructure associated with the complex of petroleum development areas from Prudhoe Bay to Kuparuk (Cameron et al. 1992, Nellemann and Cameron 1998, and Section 4 of this document). Calving females of the Porcupine caribou herd may similarly avoid any oil field roads and pipelines developed in areas traditionally used during the calving and post-calving periods. This may displace the caribou females and calves to areas east and south of the 1002 Area of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.
Increased calf mortality could occur if calving caribou are displaced into areas that have a higher density of predators, higher rates of predation, or where a higher proportion of the predators regularly use caribou as a food source (Whitten et al. 1992).
Our study assessed predation risks to caribou calving in the 1002 Area versus calving in potential displacement areas. Due to funding constraints, our research focused on grizzly bears (Ursus arctos), with wolves (Camus lupus) and golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) receiving only cursory attention. Our research objectives were 1) to compare relative abundance of predators within the 1002 Area with that in adjacent peripheral areas, 2) to determine factors affecting predator abundance on the calving grounds, and 3) to quantify the use of caribou as a food source for predators and the importance of caribou to the productivity of predator populations using the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries (Biological Science Report USGS/BRD/BSR-2002-0001)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Young, D., McCabe, T.R., Ambrose, R.E., Garner, G.W., Weiler, G.J., Reynolds, H.V., Udevitz, M.S., Reed, D.J., and Griffith, B., 2002, Predators: Biological Science Report 2002-0001, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"53","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341025,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Northwest Territories, Yukon Territory","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Refuge Coastal Plain, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.2265625,\n 66.16051056018838\n ],\n [\n -129.5947265625,\n 66.16051056018838\n ],\n [\n -129.5947265625,\n 70.74347779138229\n ],\n [\n -152.2265625,\n 70.74347779138229\n ],\n [\n -152.2265625,\n 66.16051056018838\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5912d53ae4b0e541a03d4537","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":150115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David C.","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694677,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Patricia E.","contributorId":71056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694678,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rhode, E. B.","contributorId":73156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rhode","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694679,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Young, Donald D.","contributorId":191905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Donald D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCabe, Thomas R.","contributorId":91255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ambrose, Robert E.","contributorId":86074,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ambrose","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garner, Gerald W.","contributorId":149918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garner","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weiler, Greg J.","contributorId":191906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weiler","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reynolds, Harry V.","contributorId":191907,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Reed, Dan J.","contributorId":191908,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reed","given":"Dan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Griffith, Brad 0000-0001-8698-6859","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8698-6859","contributorId":82571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"Brad","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":108,"text":"Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":1002943,"text":"1002943 - 2002 - Feeding habitat selection by Great Blue Herons and Great Egrets nesting in east central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-18T16:54:55.956112","indexId":"1002943","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feeding habitat selection by Great Blue Herons and Great Egrets nesting in east central Minnesota","docAbstract":"Great Blue Herons (Ardea herodias) and Great Egrets (Casmerodius albus) partitioned feeding habitat based on wetland size at Peltier Lake rookery in east central Minnesota. Great Blue Herons preferred large waterbodies (350 ha), whereas Great Egrets fed most often at small ponds (<25 ha). Forty-nine percent of Great Blue Herons used wetlands 301-400 hectares in size and 83% of Great Egrets fed in wetlands <100 ha in size. Great Blue Herons selected large wetlands more often than expected both at the regional (30-km radius) and local (4-km radius) scales. Habitat use by Great Egrets was in proportion to availability at the regional scale, but they selected smaller wetlands for feeding more often than expected at a local scale. The median flight distance of Great Blue Herons was 2.7 km, similar to distances reported elsewhere. Great Egrets flew farther to feeding sites than Great Blue Herons, and flew farther (median = 13.5 km) than reported in other geographic areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.1675/1524-4695(2002)025[0115:FHSBGB]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Custer, C.M., and Galli, J., 2002, Feeding habitat selection by Great Blue Herons and Great Egrets nesting in east central Minnesota: Waterbirds, v. 25, no. 1, p. 115-124, https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2002)025[0115:FHSBGB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"124","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Peltier Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.07162284851074,\n 45.16836257256628\n ],\n [\n -93.04372787475586,\n 45.16836257256628\n ],\n [\n -93.04372787475586,\n 45.203509693445596\n ],\n [\n -93.07162284851074,\n 45.203509693445596\n ],\n [\n -93.07162284851074,\n 45.16836257256628\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5d87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, Christine M. 0000-0003-0500-1582","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-1582","contributorId":31330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galli, J.","contributorId":39753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galli","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025106,"text":"70025106 - 2002 - Influence of topography on density of grassland passerines in pastures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-06T16:06:33.441457","indexId":"70025106","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of topography on density of grassland passerines in pastures","docAbstract":"Pastures provide substantial habitat for grassland birds of management concern in the Driftless Area of southwestern Wisconsin. The rolling topography in this region is characterized by lowland valleys surrounded by relatively steep and often wooded slopes which are set apart from more expansive treeless uplands. We hypothesized that there would be lower densities of area sensitive grassland passerines in lowland grasslands compared to upland grasslands because of their preference for larger more open grasslands. To test this hypothesis and assess how well pasture area and vegetation structure predicted grassland passerine density compared to upland/lowland status, we conducted point counts of birds in 60 pastures in May-June 1997 and 1998. Upland pastures generally supported greater densities of grassland passerines than lowland pastures. Densities of Savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) and bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) were significantly higher in upland pastures than in lowland pastures. Grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) density was significantly higher on uplands in one of the study years. The density of eastern meadowlark (Sturnella magna), western meadowlark (S. neglecta) and sedge wren (Cistothorus platensis) did not differ significantly between uplands and lowlands. Grassland passerine density was also predicted by pasture size and vegetation structure. Densities of bobolink and grasshopper sparrow were higher in larger pastures. Bobolink and Savannah sparrow occurred on pastures with greater vegetation height-density and less bare ground; bobolink also preferred shallower litter depths. Lowland pastures supported grassland bird species of management concern and should not be neglected. However, we recommend that pasture management for grassland passerines in areas of variable topography favor relatively large upland pastures that will contain higher densities of species of management concern.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(2002)147[0315:IOTODO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Renfrew, R., and Ribic, C., 2002, Influence of topography on density of grassland passerines in pastures: American Midland Naturalist, v. 147, no. 2, p. 315-325, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2002)147[0315:IOTODO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"325","costCenters":[{"id":675,"text":"Wisconsin Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.4501953125,\n 43.77109381775651\n ],\n [\n -91.3623046875,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -91.23046875,\n 42.84375132629021\n ],\n [\n -90.8349609375,\n 42.391008609205045\n ],\n [\n -88.681640625,\n 42.4234565179383\n ],\n [\n -88.681640625,\n 44.24519901522129\n ],\n [\n -91.7138671875,\n 44.24519901522129\n ],\n [\n -91.4501953125,\n 43.77109381775651\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"147","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b92e4b0c8380cd62662","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Renfrew, R.B.","contributorId":104671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renfrew","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ribic, C. 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Many of the critical geological parameters that will prove to be the major controls on the production fairways of this potential new resource have yet to be determined. Nevertheless, preliminary analyses indicate that recent leasing and exploration may translate into long-term production of new gas resources in what was hitherto considered a supermature petroleum province.","language":"English","publisher":"PennWell Corporation","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","usgsCitation":"Newell, K., Brady, L.L., Lange, J., and Carr, T., 2002, Coalbed gas play emerges in eastern Kansas basins: Oil & Gas Journal, v. 100, no. 52, p. 36-41.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"41","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":235911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351780,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-100/issue-52/exploration-development/coalbed-gas-play-emerges-in-eastern-kansas-basins.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","volume":"100","issue":"52","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f76de4b0c8380cd4caf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newell, K.D.","contributorId":76473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brady, L. L.","contributorId":33711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lange, J.P.","contributorId":77429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lange","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carr, T.R.","contributorId":37094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025012,"text":"70025012 - 2002 - Trends and temperature sensitivity of moisture conditions in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-22T16:27:31.5085","indexId":"70025012","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1249,"text":"Climate Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends and temperature sensitivity of moisture conditions in the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"Observed (1895-1999) trends in climatic moisture conditions in the conterminous United States (US) characterized by (1) annual precipitation minus annual potential evapotranspiration (PMPE), (2) annual surplus (water that eventually becomes streamflow), and (3) annual deficit (the amount of water that must be supplied by irrigation to grow vegetation at an optimum rate) are examined. The sensitivity of moisture conditions across the conterminous US to increases in temperature also are examined. Results indicate that there have been statistically significant trends in PMPE, annual surplus, and annual deficit for some parts of the conterminous US. Most of the significant trends in PMPE have been increasing trends primarily in the eastern US. Annual surplus also has increased over the eastern US, whereas the magnitudes of annual deficit have decreased. For the conterminous US as a whole, there has been a statistically significant increase in PMPE and annual surplus; however, there is no significant trend in annual deficit. Results also indicate that PMPE and annual deficit in the warmest regions of the conterminous US are most sensitive to increase in temperature. The high sensitivity of PMPE and annual deficit in these regions to increases in temperature is related to the relation between temperature and the saturation vapor pressure of air. The increases in potential evapotranspiration for a given change in temperature are larger for high temperatures than for low temperatures. The regions with the highest sensitivity of annual surplus to increases in temperature are the humid regions of the country. In these regions, annual surplus is large and increased potential evapotranspiration, resulting from increased temperature, has a significant effect on reducing annual surplus. 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0000-0002-6209-938X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":36601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024881,"text":"70024881 - 2002 - Re-analysis of a banding study to test the effects of an experimental increase in bag limits of mourning doves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70024881","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2173,"text":"Journal of Applied Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Re-analysis of a banding study to test the effects of an experimental increase in bag limits of mourning doves","docAbstract":"In 1966-1971, eastern US states with hunting seasons on mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) participated in a study designed to estimate the effects of bag limit increases on population survival rates. More than 400 000 adult and juvenile birds were banded and released during this period, and subsequent harvest and return of bands, together with total harvest estimates from mail and telephone surveys of hunters, provided the database for analysis. The original analysis used an ANOVA framework, and resulted in inferences of no effect of bag limit increase on population parameters (Hayne 1975). We used a logistic regression analysis to infer that the bag limit increase did not cause a biologically significant increase in harvest rate and thus the experiment could not provide any insight into the relationship between harvest and annual survival rates. Harvest rate estimates of breeding populations from geographical subregions were used as covariates in a Program MARK analysis and revealed an association between annual survival and harvest rates, although this relationship is potentially confounded by a latitudinal gradient in survival rates of dove populations. We discuss methodological problems encountered in the analysis of these data, and provide recommendations for future studies of the relationship between harvest and annual survival rates of mourning dove populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Statistics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/02664760120108539","issn":"02664763","usgsCitation":"Otis, D.L., and White, G.C., 2002, Re-analysis of a banding study to test the effects of an experimental increase in bag limits of mourning doves: Journal of Applied Statistics, v. 29, no. 1-4, p. 479-495, https://doi.org/10.1080/02664760120108539.","startPage":"479","endPage":"495","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207747,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02664760120108539"},{"id":232933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a956ee4b0c8380cd819ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otis, David L.","contributorId":64396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":26256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024827,"text":"70024827 - 2002 - Cripple Creek and other alkaline-related gold deposits in the Southern Rocky Mountains, USA: Influence of regional tectonics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-15T14:34:52.860218","indexId":"70024827","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cripple Creek and other alkaline-related gold deposits in the Southern Rocky Mountains, USA: Influence of regional tectonics","docAbstract":"Alkaline-related epithermal vein, breccia, disseminated, skarn, and porphyry gold deposits form a belt in the southern Rocky Mountains along the eastern edge of the North American Cordillera. Alkaline igneous rocks and associated hydrothermal deposits formed at two times. The first was during the Laramide orogeny (about 70–40 Ma), with deposits restricted spatially to the Colorado mineral belt (CMB). Other alkaline igneous rocks and associated gold deposits formed later, during the transition from a compressional to an extensional regime (about 35–27 Ma). These younger rocks and associated deposits are more widespread, following the Rocky Mountain front southward, from Cripple Creek in Colorado through New Mexico. All of these deposits are on the eastern margin of the Cordillera, with voluminous calc-alkaline rocks to the west. The largest deposits in the belt include Cripple Creek and those in the CMB. The most important factor in the formation of all of the gold deposits was the near-surface emplacement of relatively oxidized volatile-rich alkaline magmas. Strontium and lead isotope compositions suggest that the source of the magmas was subduction-modified subcontinental lithosphere. However, Cripple Creek alkaline rocks and older Laramide alkaline rocks in the CMB that were emplaced through hydrously altered LREE-enriched rocks of the Colorado (Yavapai) province have 208Pb/204Pb ratios that suggest these magmas assimilated and mixed with significant amounts of lower crust. The anomalously hot, thick, and light crust beneath Colorado may have been a catalyst for large-scale transfer of volatiles and crustal melting. Increased dissolved H2O (and CO2, F, Cl) of these magmas may have resulted in more productive gold deposits due to more efficient magmatic-hydrothermal systems. High volatile contents may also have promoted Te and V enrichment, explaining the presence of fluorite, roscoelite (vanadium-rich mica) and tellurides in the CMB deposits and Cripple Creek as opposed to deposits to the south. Deep-seated structures of regional extent that formed during the Proterozoic allowed the magmas to rise to shallow crustal levels. Proterozoic sites of intrusions at 1.65, 1.4, and 1.1 Ga were also important precursors to alkaline-related gold deposits. Many of the larger gold deposits are located at sites of Proterozoic intrusions, and are localized at the intersection of northeast-trending ductile shear zones formed during Mesoproterozoic deformation, and an important north-trending fault formed during 1.1 Ga rifting.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s00126-001-0229-4","usgsCitation":"Kelley, K.D., and Ludington, S., 2002, Cripple Creek and other alkaline-related gold deposits in the Southern Rocky Mountains, USA: Influence of regional tectonics: Mineralium Deposita, v. 37, no. 1, p. 38-60, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-001-0229-4.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -102,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -102,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -110,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -110,\n 31\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcafe4b0c8380cd4e3a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelley, Karen D. kdkelley@usgs.gov","contributorId":431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"Karen","email":"kdkelley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":402765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ludington, Steve","contributorId":60657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludington","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024697,"text":"70024697 - 2002 - Geochemical evidence for diversity of dust sources in the southwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:14","indexId":"70024697","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical evidence for diversity of dust sources in the southwestern United States","docAbstract":"Several potential dust sources, including generic sources of sparsely vegetated alluvium, playa deposits, and anthropogenic emissions, as well as the area around Owens Lake, California, affect the composition of modern dust in the southwestern United States. A comparison of geochemical analyses of modern and old (a few thousand years) dust with samples of potential local sources suggests that dusts reflect four primary sources: (1) alluvial sediments (represented by Hf, K, Rb, Zr, and rare-earth elements, (2) playas, most of which produce calcareous dust (Sr, associated with Ca), (3) the area of Owens (dry) Lake, a human-induced playa (As, Ba, Li, Pb, Sb, and Sr), and (4) anthropogenic and/or volcanic emissions (As, Cr, Ni, and Sb). A comparison of dust and source samples with previous analyses shows that Owens (dry) Lake and mining wastes from the adjacent Cerro Gordo mining district are the primary sources of As, Ba, Li, and Pb in dusts from Owens Valley. Decreases in dust contents of As, Ba, and Sb with distance from Owens Valley suggest that dust from southern Owens Valley is being transported at least 400 km to the east. Samples of old dust that accumulated before European settlement are distinctly lower in As, Ba, and Sb abundances relative to modern dust, likely due to modern transport of dust from Owens Valley. Thus, southern Owens Valley appears to be an important, geochemically distinct, point source for regional dust in the southwestern United States. Copyright ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00864-X","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Reheis, M., Budahn, J., and Lamothe, P.J., 2002, Geochemical evidence for diversity of dust sources in the southwestern United States: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 66, no. 9, p. 1569-1587, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00864-X.","startPage":"1569","endPage":"1587","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207717,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00864-X"},{"id":232886,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a162ee4b0c8380cd55098","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reheis, M.C. 0000-0002-8359-323X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":36128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budahn, J. R. 0000-0001-9794-8882","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":83914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lamothe, P. J.","contributorId":45672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024496,"text":"70024496 - 2002 - Effects of colony relocation on diet and productivity of Caspian terns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-04T17:28:03.077625","indexId":"70024496","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of colony relocation on diet and productivity of Caspian terns","docAbstract":"We investigated the efficacy of management to reduce the impact of Caspian tern (Sterna caspia) predation on survival of juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the Columbia River estuary. Resource managers sought to relocate approximately 9,000 pairs of terns nesting on Rice Island (river km 34) to East Sand Island (river km 8), where terns were expected to prey on fewer juvenile salmonids. Efforts to attract terns to nest on East Sand Island included creation of nesting habitat, use of social attraction techniques, and predator control, with concurrent efforts to discourage terns from nesting on Rice Island. This approach was successful in completely relocating the tern colony from Rice Island to East Sand Island by the third breeding season. Juvenile salmonids decreased and marine forage fishes (i.e., herring, sardine, anchovy, smelt, surfperch, Pacific sand lance) increased in the diet of Caspian terns nesting on East Sand Island, compared with terns nesting on Rice Island. During 1999 and 2000, the diet of terns nesting on Rice Island consisted of 77% and 90% juvenile salmonids, respectively, while during 1999, 2000, and 2001, the diet of terns nesting on East Sand Island consisted of 46%, 47%, and 33% juvenile salmonids, respectively. Nesting success of Caspian terns was consistently and substantially higher on East Sand Island than on Rice Island. These results indicate that relocating the Caspian tern colony was an effective management action for reducing predation on juvenile salmonids without harm to the population of breeding terns, at least in the short term. The success of this management approach largely was a consequence of the nesting and foraging ecology of Caspian terns: the species shifts breeding colony sites frequently in response to changing habitats, and the species is a generalist forager, preying on the most available forage fish near the colony.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3803132","usgsCitation":"Roby, D.D., Collis, K., Lyons, D., Craig, D.P., Adkins, J.Y., Myers, A.M., and Suryan, R., 2002, Effects of colony relocation on diet and productivity of Caspian terns: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 66, no. 3, p. 662-673, https://doi.org/10.2307/3803132.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"662","endPage":"673","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.07684326171874,\n 46.13987966342405\n ],\n [\n -123.26934814453126,\n 46.13987966342405\n ],\n [\n -123.26934814453126,\n 46.31848113932307\n ],\n [\n -124.07684326171874,\n 46.31848113932307\n ],\n [\n -124.07684326171874,\n 46.13987966342405\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06b6e4b0c8380cd513ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roby, Daniel D. 0000-0001-9844-0992 droby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-0992","contributorId":3702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roby","given":"Daniel","email":"droby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":401474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collis, Ken","contributorId":149991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collis","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17879,"text":"Real Time Research, Inc., 231 SW Scalehouse Loop, Suite 101, Bend, OR 97702","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":401475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyons, Donald E.","contributorId":20119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"Donald E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Craig, D. P.","contributorId":107069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craig","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adkins, Jessica Y.","contributorId":171820,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adkins","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Myers, Anne Mary","contributorId":85808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"Mary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Suryan, Robert M.","contributorId":101799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suryan","given":"Robert M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70024490,"text":"70024490 - 2002 - Arenig volcanic and sedimentary strata, central New Brunswick and eastern Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-06T17:24:15.538427","indexId":"70024490","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":918,"text":"Atlantic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arenig volcanic and sedimentary strata, central New Brunswick and eastern Maine","docAbstract":"Arenig strata in the Napadogan area of the Miramichi Highlands of west-central New Brunswick are similar to those of the Lunksoos anti-clinorial area of eastern Maine. Strata from both areas were deposited in a volcanic back-arc setting upon Cambrian-Tremadoc, deep-water, turbiditic quartzose strata on the northwest-facing Gander margin of Gondwana. Tremadoc southeastward obduction of the Penobscot Arc, formed in the Iapetus Ocean to the northwest of the margin, was followed by local uplift, rift faulting, erosion, and finally by local deposition of late Arenig gravel within the early stages of a subsiding back-arc basin that was related to a younger, northwest-facing, early Arenig-Llanvirn Popelogan Arc lying to the northwest. These strata became overlain by late Arenig marine felsic tuff, sandy and silty tuff and mudstone, coarse textured and many hundreds of metres thick in the Lunksoos area but much finer and only a few metres thick farther from the volcanic centres, in the Napadogan area. During Llanvirn, the strata became covered with deep-water, commonly manganiferous, ferruginous shale-chert in a basin shielded from currents carrying coarse detritus. Arenig strata of the Napadogan area probably developed to the southeast of the main rift-volcanism zone that perhaps extended between the Lunksoos and northeastern Miramichi Highlands during the Arenig. Brachiopods of the Celtic paleogeographic assemblage colonized newly formed shelves flanking islands along the zone. Shell beds developed upon fresh layers of ash in a nutrient-rich environment between episodes of volcanism. These Celtic brachiopods developed in cool waters of high southern latitudes off Gondwana, different from those on the Laurentian margin in warm waters of low southern latitudes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Atlantic Geology","doi":"10.4138/1257","usgsCitation":"Poole, W.H., and Neuman, R.B., 2002, Arenig volcanic and sedimentary strata, central New Brunswick and eastern Maine: Atlantic Geology, v. 38, no. 2-3, p. 109-134, https://doi.org/10.4138/1257.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478643,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4138/1257","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232910,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Maine, New Brunswick","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -64.23222656645595,\n 48.09664771511319\n ],\n [\n -69.6525754685729,\n 48.09664771511319\n ],\n [\n -69.6525754685729,\n 44.45192321757878\n ],\n [\n -64.23222656645595,\n 44.45192321757878\n ],\n [\n -64.23222656645595,\n 48.09664771511319\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed73e4b0c8380cd497fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poole, W. H.","contributorId":13012,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poole","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neuman, Robert B.","contributorId":104046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024444,"text":"70024444 - 2002 - Seismic structure of the crust and uppermost mantle of North America and adjacent oceanic basins: A synthesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-05T12:44:42.112559","indexId":"70024444","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic structure of the crust and uppermost mantle of North America and adjacent oceanic basins: A synthesis","docAbstract":"We present a new set of contour maps of the seismic structure of North America and the surrounding ocean basins. These maps include the crustal thickness, whole-crustal average P-wave and S-wave velocity, and seismic velocity of the uppermost mantle, that is, Pn and Sn. We found the following: (1) The average thickness of the crust under North America is 36.7 km (standard deviation [s.d.] ±8.4 km), which is 2.5 km thinner than the world average of 39.2 km (s.d. ± 8.5) for continental crust; (2) Histograms of whole-crustal P- and S-wave velocities for the North American crust are bimodal, with the lower peak occurring for crust without a high-velocity (6.9–7.3 km/sec) lower crustal layer; (3) Regions with anomalously high average crustal P-wave velocities correlate with Precambrian and Paleozoic orogens; low average crustal velocities are correlated with modern extensional regimes; (4) The average Pn velocity beneath North America is 8.03 km/sec (s.d. ± 0.19 km/sec); (5) the well-known thin crust beneath the western United States extends into north-west Canada; (6) the average P-wave velocity of layer 3 of oceanic crust is 6.61 km/sec (s.d. ± 0.47 km/sec). However, the average crustal P-wave velocity under the eastern Pacific seafloor is higher than the western Atlantic seafloor due to the thicker sediment layer on the older Atlantic seafloor.
The relationship between small-magnitude seismicity and large-scale crustal faulting along the Hayward Fault, California, is investigated using a double-difference (DD) earthquake location algorithm. We used the DD method to determine high-resolution hypocenter locations of the seismicity that occurred between 1967 and 1998. The DD technique incorporates catalog travel time data and relative P and S wave arrival time measurements from waveform cross correlation to solve for the hypocentral separation between events. The relocated seismicity reveals a narrow, near-vertical fault zone at most locations. This zone follows the Hayward Fault along its northern half and then diverges from it to the east near San Leandro, forming the Mission trend. The relocated seismicity is consistent with the idea that slip from the Calaveras Fault is transferred over the Mission trend onto the northern Hayward Fault. The Mission trend is not clearly associated with any mapped active fault as it continues to the south and joins the Calaveras Fault at Calaveras Reservoir. In some locations, discrete structures adjacent to the main trace are seen, features that were previously hidden in the uncertainty of the network locations. The fine structure of the seismicity suggests that the fault surface on the northern Hayward Fault is curved or that the events occur on several substructures. Near San Leandro, where the more westerly striking trend of the Mission seismicity intersects with the surface trace of the (aseismic) southern Hayward Fault, the seismicity remains diffuse after relocation, with strong variation in focal mechanisms between adjacent events indicating a highly fractured zone of deformation. The seismicity is highly organized in space, especially on the northern Hayward Fault, where it forms horizontal, slip-parallel streaks of hypocenters of only a few tens of meters width, bounded by areas almost absent of seismic activity. During the interval from 1984 to 1998, when digital waveforms are available, we find that fewer than 6.5% of the earthquakes can be classified as repeating earthquakes, events that rupture the same fault patch more than one time. These most commonly are located in the shallow creeping part of the fault, or within the streaks at greater depth. The slow repeat rate of 2–3 times within the 15-year observation period for events with magnitudes around M = 1.5 is indicative of a low slip rate or a high stress drop. The absence of microearthquakes over large, contiguous areas of the northern Hayward Fault plane in the depth interval from ∼5 to 10 km and the concentrations of seismicity at these depths suggest that the aseismic regions are either locked or retarded and are storing strain energy for release in future large-magnitude earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000JB000084","usgsCitation":"Waldhause, F., and Ellsworth, W.L., 2002, Fault structure and mechanics of the Hayward Fault, California from double-difference earthquake locations: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. B3, p. ESE 3-1-ESE 3-15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB000084.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"ESE 3-1","endPage":"ESE 3-15","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478719,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7916/d8xd0zr0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Hayward Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.56372070312499,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -121.06933593749999,\n 37.23032838760387\n ],\n [\n -122.3876953125,\n 38.8824811975508\n ],\n [\n -122.70629882812499,\n 38.685509760012\n ],\n [\n -121.56372070312499,\n 36.98500309285596\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f1ce4b0c8380cd5378d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waldhause, Felix","contributorId":50822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldhause","given":"Felix","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. ellsworth@usgs.gov","contributorId":787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","email":"ellsworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024286,"text":"70024286 - 2002 - Paleoseismology at high latitudes: Seismic disturbance of upper Quaternary deposits along the Castle Mountain fault near Houston, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-08T15:59:03.112394","indexId":"70024286","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoseismology at high latitudes: Seismic disturbance of upper Quaternary deposits along the Castle Mountain fault near Houston, Alaska","docAbstract":"Most paleoseismic studies are at low to moderate latitudes. Here we present results from a high-latitude (61°30′ N) trenching study of the Castle Mountain fault in south-central Alaska. This fault is the only one known in the greater Anchorage, Alaska, area with historical seismicity and a Holocene fault scarp. It strikes east-northeast and cuts glacial and postglacial sediments in an area of boreal spruce-birch forest, shrub tundra, and sphagnum bog. The fault has a prominent vegetation lineament on the upthrown, north side of the fault. Nine trenches were logged across the fault in glacial and postglacial deposits, seven along the main trace, and two along a splay. In addition to thrust and strike-slip faulting, important controls on observed relationships in the trenches are the season in which faulting occurred, the physical properties of the sediments, liquefaction, a shallow water table, soil-forming processes, the strength of the modern root mat, and freeze-thaw processes. Some of these processes and physical properties are unique to northern-latitude areas and result in seismic disturbance effects not observed at lower latitudes.
The two trenches across the Castle Mountain fault splay exposed a thrust fault and few liquefaction features. Radiocarbon ages of soil organic matter and charcoal within and overlying the fault indicate movement on the fault at ca. 2735 cal. (calendar) yr B.P. and no subsequent movement. In the remaining seven trenches, surface faulting was accompanied by extensive liquefaction and a zone of disruption 3 m or more wide. The presence of numerous liquefaction features at depths of <0.5–1.0 m indicates faulting when the ground was not frozen—i.e., from about April to October. Sandy-matrix till, sand, silt, gravel, and pebbly peat were injected up to the base of the modern soil, but did not penetrate the interlocking spruce-birch root mat. The strength of the root mat prohibited development of a nonvegetated scarp face and colluvial wedge. In only one trench did we observe a discrete fault plane with measurable offset. It lay beneath a 2-m-thick carapace of liquefied sand and silt and displayed a total of 0.9–1.85 m of thrust motion since deposition of the oldest deposits in the trenches at ca. 13,500 yr B.P. We found liquefaction ejecta on paleosols at only one other trench, where there were bluejoint (Calamagrostis canadensis) tussocks that lacked an extensive root mat. From crosscutting relationships, we interpret three paleoliquefaction events on the main trace of the Castle Mountain fault: 2145–1870, 1375–1070, and 730–610 cal. yr B.P. These four earthquakes on the Castle Mountain fault in the past ∼2700 yr indicate an average recurrence interval of ∼700 yr. As it has been 600–700 yr since the last significant earthquake, a significant (magnitude 6–7) earthquake in the near future may be likely. Paleoseismic data indicate that the timing and recurrence interval of megathrust earthquakes is similar to the timing and recurrence interval of Castle Mountain fault earthquakes, suggesting a possible link between faulting on the megathrust and on “crustal” structures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<1296:PAHLSD>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Haeussler, P.J., Best, T.C., and Waythomas, C.F., 2002, Paleoseismology at high latitudes: Seismic disturbance of upper Quaternary deposits along the Castle Mountain fault near Houston, Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 114, no. 10, p. 1296-1310, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<1296:PAHLSD>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1296","endPage":"1310","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231883,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Houston","otherGeospatial":"Castle Mountain Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -148,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -148,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -152,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -152,\n 61\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"114","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a744ce4b0c8380cd7757e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Best, Timothy C.","contributorId":57940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Best","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waythomas, Christopher F. 0000-0002-3898-272X cwaythomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-272X","contributorId":640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"Christopher","email":"cwaythomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024246,"text":"70024246 - 2002 - Stream piracy in the Black Hills: A geomorphology lab exercise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-03T13:21:11.668644","indexId":"70024246","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2324,"text":"Journal of Geoscience Education","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stream piracy in the Black Hills: A geomorphology lab exercise","docAbstract":"The Black Hills of South Dakota exhibits many fine examples of stream piracy that are very suitable for teaching geomorphology lab exercises. This lab goes beyond standard topographic map interpretation by using geologic maps, well logs, gravel provenance and other types of data to teach students about stream piracy. Using a step-by-step method in which the lab exercises ramp up in difficulty, students hone their skills in deductive reasoning and data assimilation. The first exercises deal with the identification of stream piracy at a variety of spatial scales and the lab culminates with an exercise on landscape evolution and drainage rearrangement.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.5408/1089-9995-50.4.380","usgsCitation":"Zaprowski, B.J., Evenson, E.B., and Epstein, J.B., 2002, Stream piracy in the Black Hills: A geomorphology lab exercise: Journal of Geoscience Education, v. 50, no. 4, p. 380-388, https://doi.org/10.5408/1089-9995-50.4.380.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"380","endPage":"388","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Black Hills","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.04052734375,\n 43.55252937447483\n ],\n [\n -103.4197998046875,\n 43.55252937447483\n ],\n [\n -103.4197998046875,\n 44.50434127765394\n ],\n [\n -104.04052734375,\n 44.50434127765394\n ],\n [\n -104.04052734375,\n 43.55252937447483\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9a81e4b08c986b31c996","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zaprowski, Brent J.","contributorId":6362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaprowski","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evenson, Edward B.","contributorId":16751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenson","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Epstein, Jack B. jepstein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Epstein","given":"Jack","email":"jepstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024230,"text":"70024230 - 2002 - Timing of large earthquakes since A.D. 800 on the Mission Creek strand of the San Andreas fault zone at Thousand Palms Oasis, near Palm Springs, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-13T13:27:44.349576","indexId":"70024230","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Timing of large earthquakes since A.D. 800 on the Mission Creek strand of the San Andreas fault zone at Thousand Palms Oasis, near Palm Springs, California","docAbstract":"Paleoseismic investigations across the Mission Creek strand of the San Andreas fault at Thousand Palms Oasis indicate that four and probably five surface-rupturing earthquakes occurred during the past 1200 years. Calendar age estimates for these earthquakes are based on a chronological model that incorporates radiocarbon dates from 18 in situ burn layers and stratigraphic ordering constraints. These five earthquakes occurred in about A.D. 825 (770–890) (mean, 95% range), A.D. 982 (840–1150), A.D. 1231 (1170–1290), A.D. 1502 (1450–1555), and after a date in the range of A.D. 1520–1680. The most recent surface-rupturing earthquake at Thousand Palms is likely the same as the A.D. 1676 ± 35 event at Indio reported by Sieh and Williams (1990). Each of the past five earthquakes recorded on the San Andreas fault in the Coachella Valley strongly overlaps in time with an event at the Wrightwood paleoseismic site, about 120 km northwest of Thousand Palms Oasis. Correlation of events between these two sites suggests that at least the southernmost 200 km of the San Andreas fault zone may have ruptured in each earthquake. The average repeat time for surface-rupturing earthquakes on the San Andreas fault in the Coachella Valley is 215 ± 25 years, whereas the elapsed time since the most recent event is 326 ± 35 years. This suggests the southernmost San Andreas fault zone likely is very near failure.
The Thousand Palms Oasis site is underlain by a series of six channels cut and filled since about A.D. 800 that cross the fault at high angles. A channel margin about 900 years old is offset right laterally 2.0 ± 0.5 m, indicating a slip rate of 4 ± 2 mm/yr. This slip rate is low relative to geodetic and other geologic slip rate estimates (26 ± 2 mm/yr and about 23–35 mm/yr, respectively) on the southernmost San Andreas fault zone, possibly because (1) the site is located in a small step-over in the fault trace and so the rate is not be representative of the Mission Creek fault, (2) slip is partitioned northward from the San Andreas fault and into the eastern California shear zone, and/or (3) slip is partitioned onto the Banning strand of the San Andreas fault zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120000609","usgsCitation":"Fumal, T.E., Rymer, M.J., and Seitz, G.G., 2002, Timing of large earthquakes since A.D. 800 on the Mission Creek strand of the San Andreas fault zone at Thousand Palms Oasis, near Palm Springs, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 7, p. 2841-2860, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000609.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2841","endPage":"2860","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Palm Springs","otherGeospatial":"Thousand Palms Oasis","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.62124633789061,\n 33.57229388264518\n ],\n [\n -116.02523803710938,\n 33.57229388264518\n ],\n [\n -116.02523803710938,\n 33.97753113740941\n ],\n [\n -116.62124633789061,\n 33.97753113740941\n ],\n [\n -116.62124633789061,\n 33.57229388264518\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3f0e4b08c986b32609b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fumal, T. E.","contributorId":25942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fumal","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rymer, M. J.","contributorId":90694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rymer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seitz, G. G.","contributorId":95651,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seitz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024022,"text":"70024022 - 2002 - Timing and magnitude of Broad-winged Hawk migration at Montclair Hawk Lookout, New Jersey, and Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-17T17:04:12.725052","indexId":"70024022","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Timing and magnitude of Broad-winged Hawk migration at Montclair Hawk Lookout, New Jersey, and Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The Broad-winged Hawk (Buteo platypterus) breeds in eastern and central Canada and the United States, and winters in Central America and northern and central South America. Birders and ornithologists count migrating Broad-winged Hawks at dozens of traditional watch sites throughout the northeastern United States. We modeled counts of migrating Broad-winged Hawks from two raptor migration watch sites: Montclair Hawk Lookout, New Jersey, and Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, Pennsylvania, to determine whether annual abundance and trend estimates from individual sites within the mid-Atlantic states are representative of the region as a whole. We restricted ourselves to counts made between 10:00 and 16:00 EST during September to standardize count effort between sites. We created one model set for annual counts and another model set for daily counts. When modeling daily counts we incorporated weather and identity of individual observers. Akaike’s Information Criteria were used to select the best model from an initial set of competing models. Annual counts declined at both sites during 1979–1998. Broad-winged Hawk migration began, peaked, and ended later at Montclair than at Hawk Mountain, even though Hawk Mountain is 155 km west-southwest of Montclair. Mean annual counts of hawks at Montclair were more than twice those at Hawk Mountain, but were not correlated. Broad-winged Hawks counted at Montclair may not be the same birds as those counted at Hawk Mountain. Rather, the two sites may be monitoring different regional subpopulations. Broad-winged Hawks counted at the two sites may use different migration tactics, with those counted at Hawk Mountain being more likely to slope soar, and those at Montclair more likely to use thermal soaring. A system of multiple watch sites is needed to monitor various breeding populations of this widely dispersed migrant.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/0043-5643(2002)114[0479:TAMOBW]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.W., Greenstone, E.M., Greenstone, W., and Bildstein, K.L., 2002, Timing and magnitude of Broad-winged Hawk migration at Montclair Hawk Lookout, New Jersey, and Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, Pennsylvania: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 114, no. 4, p. 479-484, https://doi.org/10.1676/0043-5643(2002)114[0479:TAMOBW]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"479","endPage":"484","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478761,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1676/0043-5643(2002)114[0479:tamobw]2.0.co;2","text":"External Repository"},{"id":231904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, Montclair Hawk Lookout","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.02470397949219,\n 40.614994915836924\n ],\n [\n -75.94711303710938,\n 40.614994915836924\n ],\n [\n -75.94711303710938,\n 40.656680564044166\n ],\n [\n -76.02470397949219,\n 40.656680564044166\n ],\n [\n -76.02470397949219,\n 40.614994915836924\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.21685218811035,\n 40.844787860900226\n ],\n [\n -74.20964241027832,\n 40.844787860900226\n ],\n [\n -74.20964241027832,\n 40.850955880778045\n ],\n [\n -74.21685218811035,\n 40.850955880778045\n ],\n [\n -74.21685218811035,\n 40.844787860900226\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"114","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3e7e4b08c986b326058","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Mark W. 0000-0003-4211-1393","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4211-1393","contributorId":270066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":56068,"text":"Integrated Statistics, Woods Hole, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":399713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greenstone, E. M.","contributorId":31156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greenstone","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greenstone, W.","contributorId":99333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greenstone","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bildstein, Keith L.","contributorId":150854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bildstein","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":18119,"text":"Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, Acopian Center for Conservation Learning","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":399714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023928,"text":"70023928 - 2002 - Crustal structure and relocated earthquakes in the Puget Lowland, Washington, from high-resolution seismic tomography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T22:17:17.468222","indexId":"70023928","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal structure and relocated earthquakes in the Puget Lowland, Washington, from high-resolution seismic tomography","docAbstract":"The availability of regional earthquake data from the Pacific Northwest Seismograph Network (PNSN), together with active source data from the Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound (SHIPS) seismic experiments, has allowed us to construct a new high-resolution 3-D, P wave velocity model of the crust to a depth of about 30 km in the central Puget Lowland. In our method, earthquake hypocenters and velocity model are jointly coupled in a fully nonlinear tomographic inversion. Active source data constrain the upper 10–15 km of the model, and earthquakes constrain the deepest portion of the model. A number of sedimentary basins are imaged, including the previously unrecognized Muckleshoot basin, and the previously incompletely defined Possession and Sequim basins. Various features of the shallow crust are imaged in detail and their structural transitions to the mid and lower crust are revealed. These include the Tacoma basin and fault zone, the Seattle basin and fault zone, the Seattle and Port Ludlow velocity highs, the Port Townsend basin, the Kingston Arch, and the Crescent basement, which is arched beneath the Lowland from its surface exposure in the eastern Olympics. Strong lateral velocity gradients, consistent with the existence of previously inferred faults, are observed, bounding the southern Port Townsend basin, the western edge of the Seattle basin beneath Dabob Bay, and portions of the Port Ludlow velocity high and the Tacoma basin. Significant velocity gradients are not observed across the southern Whidbey Island fault, the Lofall fault, or along most of the inferred location of the Hood Canal fault. Using improved earthquake locations resulting from our inversion, we determined focal mechanisms for a number of the best recorded earthquakes in the data set, revealing a complex pattern of deformation dominated by general arc-parallel regional tectonic compression. Most earthquakes occur in the basement rocks inferred to be the lower Tertiary Crescent formation. The sedimentary basins and the eastern part of the Olympic subduction complex are largely devoid of earthquakes. Clear association of hypocenters and focal mechanisms with previously mapped or proposed faults is difficult; however, seismicity, structure, and focal mechanisms associated with the Seattle fault zone suggest a possible high-angle mode of deformation with the north side up. We suggest that this deformation may be driven by isostatic readjustment of the Seattle basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001JB000710","usgsCitation":"Van Wagoner, T.M., Crosson, R.S., Creager, K.C., Medema, G., Preston, L., Symons, N.P., and Brocher, T., 2002, Crustal structure and relocated earthquakes in the Puget Lowland, Washington, from high-resolution seismic tomography: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 107, no. B12, p. ESE 22-1-ESE 22-23, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000710.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"ESE 22-1","endPage":"ESE 22-23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231706,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Lowland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.98095703125,\n 46.42271253466717\n ],\n [\n -121.06933593749999,\n 46.42271253466717\n ],\n [\n -121.06933593749999,\n 48.4146186174932\n ],\n [\n -122.98095703125,\n 48.4146186174932\n ],\n [\n -122.98095703125,\n 46.42271253466717\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"107","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-12-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fce6e4b0c8380cd4e4d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Wagoner, T. M.","contributorId":42750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Wagoner","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crosson, R. S.","contributorId":104987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crosson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Creager, K. C.","contributorId":105078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creager","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Medema, G.","contributorId":69325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medema","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Preston, L.","contributorId":21313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Preston","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Symons, N. P.","contributorId":60410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symons","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brocher, T.M. 0000-0002-9740-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":69994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70023877,"text":"70023877 - 2002 - Some aspects of resource uncertainty and their economic consequences in assessment of the 1002 Area of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-15T15:16:42.747202","indexId":"70023877","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some aspects of resource uncertainty and their economic consequences in assessment of the 1002 Area of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"Exploration ventures in frontier areas have high risks. Before committing to them, firms prepare regional resource assessments to evaluate the potential payoffs. With no historical basis for directly estimating size distribution of undiscovered accumulations, reservoir attribute probability distributions can be assessed subjectively and used to project undiscovered accumulation sizes. Three questions considered here are: (1) what distributions should be used to characterize the subjective assessments of reservoir attributes, (2) how parsimonious can the analyst be when eliciting subjective information from the assessment geologist, and (3) what are consequences of ignoring dependencies among reservoir attributes? The standard or norm used for comparing outcomes is the computed cost function describing costs of finding, developing, and producing undiscovered oil accumulations. These questions are examined in the context of the US Geological Survey's recently published regional assessment of the 1002 Area of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska. We study effects of using the various common distributions to characterize the geologist's subjective distributions representing reservoir attributes. Specific findings show that triangular distributions result in substantial bias in economic forecasts when used to characterize skewed distributions. Moreover, some forms of the lognormal distribution also result in biased economic inferences. Alternatively, we generally determined four fractiles (100, 50, 5, 0) to be sufficient to capture essential economic characteristics of the underlying attribute distributions. Ignoring actual dependencies among reservoir attributes biases the economic evaluation.
Since the Twelfth Working Meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group in 1997, a number of changes in the management of polar bears have occurred in Alaska. On October 16, 2000, the governments of the United States and the Russian Federation signed the “Agreement on the Conservation and Management of the Alaska-Chukotka Polar Bear Population.” This agreement provides substantial benefits for the effective conservation of polar bears shared between the U.S. and Russia. It will require enactment of enabling legislation by the U.S. Congress and other steps by Russia before the agreement has the force of law. A copy of the agreement is included as Appendix 1 to this report. Also, during this period, regulations were developed to implement 1994 amendments to the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA), which allow polar bear trophies taken in approved Canadian populations by U.S. citizens to be imported into the U.S. A summary of the regulatory actions and a table listing populations approved for importation and the number of polar bears imported into the U.S. since 1997 is included in this report. Regarding oil and gas activities in polar bear habitat, three sets of regulations were published authorizing the incidental, non-intentional, taking of small numbers of polar bears concurrent to oil and gas activities.
Cooperation continued with the Alaska Nanuuq Commission, representing the polar bear hunting communities in Alaska, as well as with the North Slope Borough and the Inuvialuit Game Council in their agreement for the management of the Southern Beaufort Sea polar bear population. Harvest summaries and technical assistance in designing and assistance in conducting a National Park Service/Alaska Nanuuq Commission study to collect traditional ecological knowledge of polar bear habitat use in Chukotka were provided. In addition, a long-range plan was developed to address and minimize polar bear-human conflicts in North Slope communities.
We continued to monitor the harvest of polar bears in Alaska and collect and analyze specimens for presence and level of organochlorine compounds and trace elements. A paper on genetic assessment of hunter reported sex of harvested bears was recently published (Schliebe et al. 1999). Population status and trend assessment efforts continued. An aerial survey of polar bears in the Eastern Chukchi Sea and western portions of the Southern Beaufort Sea was conducted from the U.S. Coast Guard icebreaker “Polar Star” in August 2000. The first year of a multi-year survey of barrier islands and coastlines during the open water and freeze-up phase was conducted in the central Southern Beaufort Sea during fall 2000.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Polar bears: Proceedings of the 13th Working meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group, 23-28 June 2001, Nuuk, Greenland (Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Comission (SSC) no. 26)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"13th Working Meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group","conferenceDate":"June 23-28, 2001","conferenceLocation":"Nuuk, Greenland, Denmark","language":"English","publisher":"IUCN","publisherLocation":"Gland, Switzerland","isbn":"2-8317-0663-7","usgsCitation":"Schliebe, S.L., Bridges, J.W., Evans, T., Fischbach, A.S., Kalxdorff, S.B., and Lierheimer, L.J., 2002, Polar bear management in Alaska 1997-2000, in Polar bears: Proceedings of the 13th Working meeting of the IUCN/SSC Polar Bear Specialist Group, 23-28 June 2001, Nuuk, Greenland (Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Comission (SSC) no. 26), Nuuk, Greenland, Denmark, June 23-28, 2001, p. 89-99.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"99","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343488,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":343487,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/8136"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59634095e4b0d1f9f059d80a","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Lunn, Nicholas J.","contributorId":78421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunn","given":"Nicholas J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703950,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schliebe, Scott L.","contributorId":179097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schliebe","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife 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W.","contributorId":8379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Born","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":703949,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Schliebe, Scott L.","contributorId":179097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schliebe","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bridges, John W.","contributorId":127821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bridges","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13235,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Marine Mammals Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, Thomas J.","contributorId":174904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Thomas J.","affiliations":[{"id":13235,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Marine Mammals Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":703955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fischbach, Anthony S. 0000-0002-6555-865X afischbach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6555-865X","contributorId":2865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischbach","given":"Anthony","email":"afischbach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":703956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kalxdorff, Susanne B.","contributorId":179098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kalxdorff","given":"Susanne","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife 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terrestrial wildlife research summaries"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":53871,"text":"bsr20020001 - 2002 - Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries","indexId":"bsr20020001","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T11:14:19","indexId":"70188496","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9,"text":"Biological Science Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2002-0001","chapter":"4","title":"The central arctic caribou herd","docAbstract":"From the mid-1970s through the mid-1980s, use of calving and summer habitats by Central Arctic herd caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) declined near petroleum development infrastructure on Alaska's arctic coastal plain (Cameron et al. 1979; Cameron and Whitten 1980, Smith and Cameron 1983. Whitten and Cameron 1983a, 1985: Dau and Cameron 1986).
With surface development continuing to expand westward from the Prudhoe Bay petroleum development area (Fig. 4.1), concerns arose that the resultant cumulative losses of habitat would eventually reduce productivity of the caribou herd. Specifically, reduced access of adult females to preferred foraging areas might adversely affect growth and fattening (Elison et al. 1986. Clough et al. 1987), in turn depressing calf production (Dauphiné 1976, Thomas 1982, Reimers 1983, White 1983, Eloranta and Nieminen 1986. Lenvik et al. 1988, Thomas and Kiliaan 1991) and survival (Haukioja and Salovaara 1978, Rognmo et al. 1983, Skogland 1984, Eloranta and Nieminen 1986, Adamczewski et al. 1987).
Those concerns, though justified in theory, lacked empirical support. With industrial development in arctic Alaska virtually unprecedented, there was little basis for predicting the extent and duration of habitat loss, much less the secondary short- and long-term effects on the well-being of a particular caribou herd.
Furthermore, despite a general acceptance that body condition and fecundity of the females are functionally related for reindeer and caribou, it seemed unlikely that any single model would apply to all subspecies of Rangifer, and perhaps not even within a subspecies in different geographic regions. We therefore lacked a complete understanding of the behavioral responses of arctic caribou to industrial development, the manner in which access to habitats might be affected, and how changes in habitat use might translate into measurable effects on fecundity and herd growth rate.
Our study addressed the following objectives: 1) estimate variation in the size and productivity of the Central Arctic herd; 2) estimate changes in the distribution and movements of Central Arctic herd caribou in relation to the oil field development; 3) estimate the relationships between body condition and reproductive performance of female Central Arctic herd caribou, and 4) compare the body condition, reproductive success, and offspring survival of females under disturbance-free conditions (i.e., east of the Sagavanirktok River) with the status of those exposed to petroleum-related development (i.e., west of the Sagavanirktok River).
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Arctic Refuge coastal plain terrestrial wildlife research summaries (Biological Science Report USGS/BRD/BSR-2002-0001)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Cameron, R.D., Smith, W.T., White, R.G., and Griffith, B., 2002, The central arctic caribou herd: Biological Science Report 2002-0001, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"45","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342475,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Northwest Territories, Yukon Territory","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Refuge Coastal Plain, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.2265625,\n 66.16051056018838\n ],\n [\n -129.5947265625,\n 66.16051056018838\n ],\n [\n -129.5947265625,\n 70.74347779138229\n ],\n [\n -152.2265625,\n 70.74347779138229\n ],\n [\n -152.2265625,\n 66.16051056018838\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b3fe4b0764e6c65dca6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698016,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Patricia E.","contributorId":71056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698017,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rhode, E. B.","contributorId":73156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rhode","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698018,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Cameron, Raymond D.","contributorId":190363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cameron","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":698012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Walter T.","contributorId":8953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":698013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, Robert G.","contributorId":181759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":698014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Griffith, Brad","contributorId":190362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Griffith","given":"Brad","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1014647,"text":"1014647 - 2002 - Aphanomyces invadans in Atlantic Menhaden along the East Coast of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-28T16:33:40.548055","indexId":"1014647","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Aphanomyces invadans in Atlantic Menhaden along the East Coast of the United States","title":"Aphanomyces invadans in Atlantic Menhaden along the East Coast of the United States","docAbstract":"The cause of deeply penetrating ulcers of Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus has been the subject of significant research efforts in recent years. These lesions and the associated syndrome termed ulcerative mycosis have been observed along the East Coast of the United States since at least the early 1980s. Although Aphanomyces spp. were isolated from these lesions in the mid to late 1980s, similar lesions could not be reproduced by experimental infections of Atlantic menhaden with these isolates. The identical characteristic histologic appearance of granulomatous inflammation surrounding the penetrating fungal hyphae occurs in fish with epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS), as reported throughout South Asia, Japan, and Australia. Aphanomyces invadans has been found to be the causative agent of EUS in all of these countries. Using methods developed for the study of EUS, we successfully isolated an organism for which the DNA sequence, morphology, temperature and salinity growth characteristics, and infectivity of chevron snakehead Channa striata are identical to A. invadans. Using the polymerase chain reaction assay for A. invadans, we were able to demonstrate the presence of the organism from Atlantic menhaden lesions collected in U.S. estuarine waters from Delaware to South Carolina. In addition, the organism was present in lesions on a bluegill Lepomis macrochirus from a farm pond in Georgia and channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus from a farm pond in Louisiana.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(2002)014%3C0001:AIIAMA%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Blazer, V., Lilley, J.H., Schill, W.B., Kiryu, Y., Densmore, C.L., Panyawachira, V., and Chinabut, S., 2002, Aphanomyces invadans in Atlantic Menhaden along the East Coast of the United States: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 14, no. 1, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(2002)014%3C0001:AIIAMA%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Pocomoke River, Wicomico River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.640869140625,\n 37.95286091815649\n ],\n [\n -75.31951904296875,\n 38.201496974020806\n ],\n [\n -75.3057861328125,\n 38.28346905497185\n ],\n [\n -75.61065673828125,\n 38.43422817624596\n ],\n [\n -75.91278076171875,\n 38.248965760244644\n ],\n [\n -75.640869140625,\n 37.95286091815649\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67af50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blazer, Vicki S. 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":150384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki S.","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":320813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lilley, J. H.","contributorId":55387,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lilley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schill, W. B.","contributorId":60146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schill","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kiryu, Y.","contributorId":108060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kiryu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Densmore, Christine L.","contributorId":18316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Panyawachira, V.","contributorId":39734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Panyawachira","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chinabut, S.","contributorId":19913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chinabut","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ]}