The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community, conducted an aquifer test December 6–22, 2004, to improve definition of the hydraulic properties of the Ironton and Galesville Sandstones beneath the Shakopee Community in southeastern Minnesota. Three wells were used in the aquifer test—a production well and two observation wells, located 3,247 feet northwest of the production well and 3,049 feet southeast of the production well. The production well, completed in the Ironton and Galesville Sandstones, was pumped at about 600 gallons per minute from 10:30 a.m. on December 6, 2004, to 3:26 p.m. on December 9, 2004. Drawdown and recovery water levels were measured in all three wells.
\nFour curve-fitting methods and two graphical methods were used to estimate the transmissivity and storage coefficient of the Ironton and Galesville Sandstones. The four curve-fitting methods were the Theis, Hantush, Hantush-Jacob, and Neumann-Witherspoon methods. These methods were applied to the drawdown and residual recovery curves of the observation wells. The two graphical methods were the Cooper-Jacob method and the Theis recovery method. The Cooper-Jacob method was applied to the drawdown curve of the production well and the drawdown curves of the two observation wells. The Theis recovery method was applied to the residual drawdown curves of the two observation wells.
\nThe transmissivity estimated using the six methods ranged from 450 to 650 feet squared per day. The average transmissivity for the six methods was 540 feet squared per day. The storage coefficient estimated using the six methods ranged from 4.2 to 5.7 x 10-5. The average storage coefficient for all six methods was 5.0 x 10-5. The hydraulic conductivity was estimated by dividing the estimated transmissivity by 45 feet. The average hydraulic conductivity for the six methods was 12.1 feet per day.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055245","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community","usgsCitation":"Winterstein, T.A., 2005, Hydraulic properties of the Ironton and Galesville sandstones, Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community, southeastern Minnesota, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5245, iv, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055245.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319761,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20055245.JPG"},{"id":7514,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5245/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Scott County","otherGeospatial":"Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.49983215332031,\n 44.72393002404956\n ],\n [\n -93.49983215332031,\n 44.745757885700236\n ],\n [\n -93.47150802612305,\n 44.745757885700236\n ],\n [\n -93.47150802612305,\n 44.72393002404956\n ],\n [\n -93.49983215332031,\n 44.72393002404956\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a12c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winterstein, Thomas A.","contributorId":25971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winterstein","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":73493,"text":"sir20055218 - 2005 - Physical, chemical, and biological responses to urbanization in the Fox and Des Plaines River basins of northeastern Illinois and southeastern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:59","indexId":"sir20055218","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5218","title":"Physical, chemical, and biological responses to urbanization in the Fox and Des Plaines River basins of northeastern Illinois and southeastern Wisconsin","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055218","usgsCitation":"Harris, M.A., Scudder, B.C., Fitzpatrick, F.A., and Arnold, T., 2005, Physical, chemical, and biological responses to urbanization in the Fox and Des Plaines River basins of northeastern Illinois and southeastern Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5218, viii, 73 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055218.","productDescription":"viii, 73 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps ; 28 cm.","numberOfPages":"81","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5218/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":91185,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5218/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685a77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, Mitchell A. maharris@usgs.gov","contributorId":1382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Mitchell","email":"maharris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":286419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scudder, Barbara C.","contributorId":100319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scudder","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith A. fafitzpa@usgs.gov","contributorId":1182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith","email":"fafitzpa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":286418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arnold, Terri 0000-0003-1406-6054 tlarnold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1406-6054","contributorId":1598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arnold","given":"Terri","email":"tlarnold@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":286420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":73483,"text":"sir20055262 - 2005 - Pesticides in surface water, bed sediment, and ground water adjacent to commercial cranberry bogs, Lac du Flambeau Reservation, Vilas County, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-16T08:27:23","indexId":"sir20055262","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5262","title":"Pesticides in surface water, bed sediment, and ground water adjacent to commercial cranberry bogs, Lac du Flambeau Reservation, Vilas County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Pesticides commonly used on cranberries were detected in lakes, lake-bed sediment, and ground water of the Lac du Flambeau Reservation, Wisconsin adjacent to commercial cranberry bogs. Additionally, pesticides not typically used on cranberries were also detected.
\nIn water samples from Little Trout and the Corn Lakes, which are adjacent to commercial cranberry bogs, five targeted pesticides commonly used on cranberries (2,4-D, carbaryl, diazinon, napropamide, and norflurazon) were detected. No targeted pesticides were detected in Ike Walton Lake (the reference lake), which is not adjacent to commercial cranberry bogs. The non-targeted pesticide atrazine (not commonly used on cranberries) was detected in all lakes during all sample periods, with precipitation the likely source. Non-targeted pesticides metolachlor and oryzalin were also detected in samples from Ike Walton and the Corn Lake, but the sources are not apparent. Pesticide concentrations measured in lake samples were far below levels considered lethal to fish.
\nIn samples from the Trout River, which is used as a source of water to maintain lake levels in the Corn Lakes, the only pesticides detected were the non-targeted compounds atrazine and deethyl atrazine, indicating it was not a source of targeted compounds detected in the Corn Lakes. Only two pesticides (chlorpyrifos and metolachlor) were detected in bed-sediment samples collected from the lakes; chlorpyrifos from Little Trout Lake and metolachlor from the Corn Lakes. Four pesticides (the targeted compounds napropamide and norflurazon and the non-targeted compounds atrazine and deethyl atrazine) were detected in ground-water samples from two of four sampled monitor wells. The highest ground-water concentrations (up to 0.14 ?g/L napropamide and 0.56 ?g/L norflurazon) were measured in samples from the monitoring well located directly downgradient from the Corn Lakes and commercial cranberry operations. No pesticides were detected in samples from the reference well located upgradient from the Corn Lakes and cranberry operations. Further study is needed to identify additional pesticides as well as chronic effects on aquatic organisms to determine whether cranberry-related pesticides affect the lake ecosystems of the Lac du Flambeau Reservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055262","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians","usgsCitation":"Saad, D.A., 2005, Pesticides in surface water, bed sediment, and ground water adjacent to commercial cranberry bogs, Lac du Flambeau Reservation, Vilas County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5262, vi, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055262.","productDescription":"vi, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"35","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7304,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5262/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":311327,"rank":101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5262/pdf/SIR_2005-5262.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Vilas County","otherGeospatial":"Lac du Flambeau Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.92446899414062,\n 45.987182044213824\n ],\n [\n -89.92446899414062,\n 46.1237008771406\n ],\n [\n -89.7366714477539,\n 46.1237008771406\n ],\n [\n -89.7366714477539,\n 45.987182044213824\n ],\n [\n -89.92446899414062,\n 45.987182044213824\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65ded1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saad, David A. dasaad@usgs.gov","contributorId":121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"David","email":"dasaad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":73563,"text":"sir20055234 - 2005 - Sediment-transport investigations of the upper Yellowstone River, Montana, 1999 through 2001: Data collection, analysis, and simulation of sediment transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-30T19:37:54.569338","indexId":"sir20055234","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5234","title":"Sediment-transport investigations of the upper Yellowstone River, Montana, 1999 through 2001: Data collection, analysis, and simulation of sediment transport","docAbstract":"The upper Yellowstone River in Montana is an important State and national water resource, providing recreational, agricultural, and commercial benefits. Floods in 1996 and 1997, with recorded peak discharges having recurrence intervals close to 100 years, caused substantial streambank erosion and hill- slope mass wasting. Large quantities of sand-, gravel-, and cobble-sized material entrained by the flood flows became flood-bar deposits, creating a source of sediment available for transport during future floods. The flood damage and resulting sedimentation raised concerns about potential streambank-stabilization projects and how the river and riparian corridor might be managed in the future. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Park Conservation District, the Montana Department of Transportation, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, investigated sediment transport in the upper Yellowstone River near Livingston from 1999 through 2001 as part of a cumulative effects study to provide a scientific basis for future river management decisions. The purpose of this report is to present the results of data collection, analysis, and simulation of sediment transport for the upper Yellowstone River.
The study area included a 13.5-mile study reach of the upper Yellowstone River where substantial sediment transport occurred in 1996 and 1997. In this study area, the upper Yellowstone River is a high gradient, coarse-bed stream having a slope of about 0.0028 foot per foot or more than 14 feet per mile. The study area drains about 3,551 square miles, and runoff results primarily from snowmelt during the spring and summer months. As part of sediment-transport investigations, the U.S. Geological Survey surveyed river cross sections, characterized streambed-material particle size using particle counts and sieve analyses, and collected bedload- and suspended-sediment data during three runoff seasons (1999-2001). Data were collected for stream discharges that ranged from 2,220 cubic feet per second (typical of pre- and post-runoff discharge) to 25,100 cubic feet per second (about 125 percent of bankfull discharge).
The distribution of streambed-material particle size was determined, and sediment-transport curves for bedload discharge, suspended-sediment discharge, and total-sediment discharge were developed. The threshold values of streamflow and average stream velocity needed for initiation of bedload transport for selected sediment-size classes showed that little to no bedload was transported for an average stream velocity below about 3 feet per second, and the only particle size transported as bedload at that velocity was sand. Over the range of stream discharges sampled and with silt- and finer-sized particles excluded, bedload discharge averaged about 18 percent of the total-sediment discharge, equal to bedload discharge plus suspended-sediment discharge. At the lowest and highest stream discharges sampled, bedload was, respectively, less than about 2 percent and about 30 percent of the total-sediment discharge. Over the range of stream discharges sampled, the sand-sized part of the total suspended-sediment discharge averaged about 48 percent, where the total suspended-sediment discharge included sand-, silt- and finer-sized particles. At the lowest and highest stream discharges sampled, the sand-sized part of the total suspended-sediment discharge was, respectively, less than about 16 percent and about 50 percent of the total suspended-sediment discharge. The sediment-transport curves were compared to curves for selected sites in the western United States having drainage areas ranging from 21 square miles to over 20,000 square miles. Daily sediment loads transported at bankfull discharge were calculated for each site and results were plotted in relation to drainage area. Results based on the 1999-2001 data-collection period indicate that the estimated daily bedload transported at bankfull discharge in the upper Yellowstone River exceeded the envelope line that bounds the upper end of the data for other selected sites in the Northern Rocky Mountains and is similar in magnitude to that for selected sites in Alaska having braided channels and glacial and snowmelt runoff. Similar comparisons for suspended sediment indicate that daily suspended-sediment load at bankfull discharge is relatively high in the upper Yellowstone River, plotting slightly above the envelope line that bounds the upper end of the data for other selected sites in the Northern Rocky Mountains.
Sediment data were used to develop individual transport equations for seven size classes of sediment ranging from small cobbles to very fine sand. A step-wise regression procedure relating sediment discharge to important hydraulic variables showed that average stream velocity was the only significant variable at the 95-percent confidence level. Bedload and suspended-sediment data and equations indicate that more sand is transported for a given velocity than any other particle size, and very little sand-size sediment load is transported below an average stream velocity of about 2.5 feet per second. Transport of coarser-sized sediment (limited to bedload) becomes very little for an average velocity less than about 3.5 feet per second. Results for the 1999-2001 data-collection period indicate that sediment transport in the upper Yellowstone River tends to be limited more by the transport capacity of the stream (capacity or transport limited), than to the availability of sediment in the watershed (supply limited).
Sediment data collected and analyzed were used to simulate sediment transport in the study reach using the BRIdge Stream Tube model for Alluvial River Simulation, or BRI-STARS computer model. The model was calibrated and verified using selected data from historical runoff periods. Simulated total-sediment loads, on a reach-averaged basis, were in good agreement with the total-sediment loads determined from the transport curve for the 2-year flood hydrograph but were considerably smaller for the total-sediment loads determined from the transport curve for the 50-, 100-, and 500-year flood hydrographs. The differences probably were largely due to the inability of the model to simulate streambank erosion, hillslope mass-wasting, and other channel-widening processes, which had supplied substantial quantities of sediment to the channel during the 1996 and 1997 floods, and probably continued to contribute to the sediment load in the subsequent years (1999-2001) when the data were collected. Furthermore, the transport curve was applied beyond the measured data for the highest discharges, and may thus be unreliable. Also, the transport curve derived from only limited data may not apply over the full duration of the hydrograph and sediment might be transported over only a portion of the hydrograph, especially for rivers like the upper Yellowstone where snowmelt runoff predominates. The true sediment discharge is, therefore, unknown and might be closer to the simulated values than to the values calculated from the transport curve.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055234","usgsCitation":"Holnbeck, S.R., 2005, Sediment-transport investigations of the upper Yellowstone River, Montana, 1999 through 2001: Data collection, analysis, and simulation of sediment transport: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5234, viii, 69 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055234.","productDescription":"viii, 69 p.","numberOfPages":"69","temporalStart":"1999-01-01","temporalEnd":"2001-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123026,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2005_5234.jpg"},{"id":7752,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5234/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":463444,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_76518.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"upper Yellowstone River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.65,45.25 ], [ -110.65,45.63333333333333 ], [ -110.55,45.63333333333333 ], [ -110.55,45.25 ], [ -110.65,45.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbdf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holnbeck, Stephen R. 0000-0001-7313-9298 holnbeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7313-9298","contributorId":1724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holnbeck","given":"Stephen","email":"holnbeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":286431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":73543,"text":"fs20053134 - 2005 - Methods for monitoring the effects of grazing management on bank erosion and channel morphology, Fever River, Pioneer Farm, Wisconsin, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-25T13:51:12","indexId":"fs20053134","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3134","title":"Methods for monitoring the effects of grazing management on bank erosion and channel morphology, Fever River, Pioneer Farm, Wisconsin, 2004","docAbstract":"Bank erosion is a natural process that occurs in meandering streams (Leopold and others, 1964); however, in the Midwestern United States, historical and present agricultural activities in uplands, riparian areas, and channels have increased erosion (Waters, 1995; Lyons and others, 2000; Simon and Rinaldi, 2000; and Knox, 2001). Reducing streambank erosion is important because sediment carried by streams has adverse environmental effects; for example, sediment carried by streams is a major source of phosphorus (Waters, 1995). Continuous cattle grazing in riparian areas may increase local erosion processes in a meandering stream by removal or trampling of bank vegetation, which in turn affects channel morphology, water chemistry, and fish and aquatic-insect habitat (Kauffman and Krueger, 1984; Fitch and Adams, 1998). However, studies of livestock exclusion from riparian corridors have shown mixed results in reducing bank erosion (Trimble, 1994; Sarr, 2002). Some studies have shown reduced bank erosion after row-cropped or continuously grazed riparian areas are converted to managed grazing (see inset box) (Lyons and others, 2000; Sovell and others, 2000; and Zaimes and others, 2004).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20053134","usgsCitation":"Peppler, M.C., and Fitzpatrick, F.A., 2005, Methods for monitoring the effects of grazing management on bank erosion and channel morphology, Fever River, Pioneer Farm, Wisconsin, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3134, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053134.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":7422,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3134/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":120892,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2005_3134.bmp"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Fever River, Pioneer Farm,","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.46382904052734,\n 42.66375615557906\n ],\n [\n -90.46382904052734,\n 42.74600367786244\n ],\n [\n -90.33748626708984,\n 42.74600367786244\n ],\n [\n -90.33748626708984,\n 42.66375615557906\n ],\n [\n -90.46382904052734,\n 42.66375615557906\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b9ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peppler, Marie C. 0000-0002-1120-9673 mpeppler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1120-9673","contributorId":825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peppler","given":"Marie","email":"mpeppler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith A. fafitzpa@usgs.gov","contributorId":1182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith","email":"fafitzpa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":286429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":73983,"text":"ofr20041435 - 2005 - Early to middle Jurassic salt in Baltimore Canyon trough","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-20T21:47:04.028552","indexId":"ofr20041435","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2004-1435","title":"Early to middle Jurassic salt in Baltimore Canyon trough","docAbstract":"A pervasive, moderately deep (5-6 s two-way traveltime), high-amplitude reflection is traced on multichannel seismic sections over an approximately 7500 km² area of Baltimore Canyon Trough. The layer associated with the reflection is about 25 km wide, about 60 m thick in the center, and thins monotonically laterally, though asymmetrically, at the edges. Geophysical characteristics are compatible with an interpretation of this negative-polarity reflector as a salt lens deposited on the top of a synrift evaporite sequence. However, alternative interpretations of the layer as gas-saturated sediments, an overpressured shale, or a weathered igneous intrusion are also worthy of consideration.
Geophysical analyses were made on three wavelet- and true-amplitude processed multichannel seismic dip lines. The lens-shaped layer demarked by the reflection has a velocity of 4.4 km/s; the lens lies within strata having velocities of 5.3 to 5.7 km/s. A trough marking the onset of the lens has an amplitude that is 10 to 20 db greater than reflections from the encasing layers and an apparent reflection coefficient of -0.24. Using amplitude versus offset analysis methods, we determined that observed reflection coefficients, though variable, decrease consistently with respect to increasing offset. Linear inversion yields a low density, about 2.2 g/cc. Integration of one of the true-amplitude-processed lines and one-dimensional modeling of the layer provide data on the impedance contrast and interference patterns that further reinforce the salt lens interpretation.
The thin, horizontal salt lens was probably deposited or precipitated during the Jurassic in a shallow, narrow (peripheral) rift basin, as rifting progressed down the North Atlantic margin. Unlike thicker deposits in other areas that deformed and flowed, often into diapir structures, this thin lens has remained relatively undisturbed since deposition.
No abstract available.
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Converse Lake watershed, Mobile County, Alabama, 1990-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:36","indexId":"sir20055171","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5171","title":"Water quality and simulated effects of urban land-use change in J.B. Converse Lake watershed, Mobile County, Alabama, 1990-2003","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055171","usgsCitation":"Gill, A.C., McPherson, A.K., and Moreland, R.S., 2005, Water quality and simulated effects of urban land-use change in J.B. Converse Lake watershed, Mobile County, Alabama, 1990-2003: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5171, 124 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055171.","productDescription":"124 p.","numberOfPages":"124","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2005_5171.jpg"},{"id":7544,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5171/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89,30 ], [ -89,31 ], [ -88,31 ], [ -88,30 ], [ -89,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9bf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gill, Amy C. 0000-0002-5738-9390 acgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5738-9390","contributorId":220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Amy","email":"acgill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":286500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McPherson, Ann K.","contributorId":15240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moreland, Richard S. rsmore@usgs.gov","contributorId":3877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moreland","given":"Richard","email":"rsmore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":286501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":73913,"text":"sir20055237 - 2005 - Water quality and hydrology of the Lac Vieux Desert watershed, Gogebic County, Michigan, and Vilas County, Wisconsin, 2002-04","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-06T13:55:36","indexId":"sir20055237","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5237","title":"Water quality and hydrology of the Lac Vieux Desert watershed, Gogebic County, Michigan, and Vilas County, Wisconsin, 2002-04","docAbstract":"Lac Vieux Desert is a prominent 6.6 square-mile lake that straddles the Michigan-Wisconsin border and forms the headwaters of the Wisconsin River. For generations, the Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians have used Lac Vieux Desert and the surrounding area for growing and harvesting wild rice, and hunting and fishing. The Lac Vieux Desert Band is concerned about the impact of lake-stage regulation on hydrology and ecology, and the impact on water quality of development along and near the shore, and recreational watercraft use and sport fishing. In 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey completed a water-resources investigation of the Lac Vieux Desert watershed in cooperation with the Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians.
Water quality of Lac Vieux Desert is typical of many lakes in the northern United States. Trophic State Index calculations classify Lac Vieux Desert as a highly productive eutrophic lake. The pH of water in Lac Vieux Desert ranged from 6.5 to 9.5, and specific conductance ranged from 62 to 114 µs/cm. Chloride concentration was less than 1.5 mg/L, indicating little effect from septic-tank or road-salt input. Results indicate that the water can be classified as soft, with hardness concentrations reported as calcium carbonate ranging from 29 to 49 mg/L. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, chloride, and other dissolved solids ranged from 47 to 77 mg/L. Alkalinity of Lac Vieux Desert ranged from 27 to 38 mg/L.
Pervasive aquatic blooms, including a bloom noted during the September 2003 sampling, are apparently common in late summer. Biological productivity at Lac Vieux Desert does not appear to have changed appreciably between 1973 and 2004. In the current study, total phosphorus concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 0.064 mg/L and dissolved nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen concentrations ranged from at, or below detection limit to 0.052 mg/L. Overabundance of nutrients in Lac Vieux Desert, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, could result in considerable degradation in lake-water quality.
The estimated water balance includes the following inputs from the surrounding watershed: direct precipitation (35 percent); runoff, composed of streamflow and overland flow (50 percent); and ground-water flow (15 percent). Outputs from Lac Vieux Desert include streamflow into the Wisconsin River (68 percent) and evaporation from the lake surface (32 percent). Seasonal regulation of Lac Vieux Desert outflow results in an artificially high lake stage throughout the year, except from late winter to very early spring, prior to snowmelt and runoff. Regulation of Lac Vieux Desert outflow causes Wisconsin River streamflow to be artificially low during spring and summer and artificially high in fall and winter.
Recent studies indicate that lake-level regulation over the past century may have affected wild rice growth and propagation in Lac Vieux Desert. As per licensing agreement between the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and the Wisconsin Valley Improvement Company (operators of the dam at the outlet), the maximum lake level of Lac Vieux Desert was lowered about 0.8 feet to investigate the relation between lake-level regulation and propagation of wild rice from 2003 through 2012. Recent plantings of wild rice by the Lac Vieux Desert Band have been successful, indicating that suitable habitat and hydrologic regime were present in 2004-05.
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Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-15T21:39:48.77077","indexId":"ds69D","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69","chapter":"D","title":"Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the Southwestern Wyoming Province: Wyoming, Colorado and Utah","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed an assessment of the undiscovered oil and gas potential of the Southwestern Wyoming Province of southwestern Wyoming, northwestern Colorado, and northeastern Utah (fig. 1). The USGS Southwestern Wyoming Province for this assessment included the Green River Basin, Moxa arch, Hoback Basin, Sandy Bend arch, Rock Springs uplift, Great Divide Basin, Wamsutter arch, Washakie Basin, Cherokee ridge, and the Sand Wash Basin. The assessment of the Southwestern Wyoming Province is based on geologic principles and uses the total petroleum system concept. The geologic elements of a total petroleum system include hydrocarbon source rocks (source rock maturation, hydrocarbon generation, and migration), reservoir rocks (sequence stratigraphy, petrophysical properties), and hydrocarbon traps (trap types, formation, and timing). Using this geologic framework, the USGS defined 9 total petroleum systems (TPS) and 23 assessment units (AU) within these TPSs, and quantitatively estimated the undiscovered oil and gas resources within 21 of the 23 AUs.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"National Assessment of Oil and Gas Project (Data Series 69)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds69D","usgsCitation":"USGS Southwest Wyoming Province Assessment Team, 2005, Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the Southwestern Wyoming Province: Wyoming, Colorado and Utah (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 69, 28 Chapters; 18 Plates: 96.00 x 36.00 inches and smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds69D.","productDescription":"28 Chapters; 18 Plates: 96.00 x 36.00 inches and 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Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_98659.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":7478,"rank":21,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-d/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.0,40.0 ], [ -111.0,43.0 ], [ -107.0,43.0 ], [ -107.0,40.0 ], [ -111.0,40.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a34e4b07f02db619cf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"USGS Southwest Wyoming Province Assessment Team","contributorId":128161,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"USGS Southwest Wyoming Province Assessment Team","id":534756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":73583,"text":"fs20053111 - 2005 - Naturally Occurring Arsenic in Ground Water, Norman, Oklahoma, 2004, and Remediation Options for Produced Water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:59","indexId":"fs20053111","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3111","title":"Naturally Occurring Arsenic in Ground Water, Norman, Oklahoma, 2004, and Remediation Options for Produced Water","docAbstract":"In 2000, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reviewed the arsenic drinking water standard for public water supplies. Considering the available research and statistics on the health effects of arsenic ingestion, the EPA reduced the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for public drinking water from 50 micrograms per liter (?g/L) to 10 ?g/L (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2001a). As a result of the more stringent standard, the EPA estimates that about 3,000 public water providers across the United States must take action to meet the new standard before it becomes effective on January 23, 2006 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2001b).\r\n\r\nThe City of Norman (City) is one of several Oklahoma municipalities affected by the new arsenic standard. About 20 percent of Norman?s water is supplied by wells completed in the Central Oklahoma (Garber-Wellington) aquifer; the rest is supplied by Lake Thunderbird (fig. 1) or purchased from Oklahoma City. The Norman well field is composed of 24 active wells, and water produced from about half of the wells will not be in compliance with the new MCL (figs. 2 and 3). Chemical treatment of water with elevated arsenic is possible, but it is generally cost prohibitive. Another costly solution is simply to abandon the high-arsenic wells and replace them with new wells in low-arsenic areas. In the next phase of well construction beginning in 2005, the City plans to construct as many as 30 new wells in northeast Norman (Bryan Mitchell, City of Norman, oral commun., 2005). The new wells will replace production lost to the new arsenic standard and add new production to keep pace with rapidly growing consumer demand. Well modification to exclude arsenic-bearing water from existing wells is a more cost-effective solution, but it requires a great deal of knowledge about local aquifer properties and individual well dynamics to decide which wells are good candidates for modification. With the goal of determining if well modification can be used to bring some of Norman?s high-arsenic wells into compliance with the new arsenic standard, the EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) initiated a three-year research project in 2003 with participation from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Oklahoma State University, and the City of Norman. The primary objectives of the project are to: (1) determine where naturally occurring arsenic is entering wells by collecting water samples at different depths, (2) investigate the utility of new methods for collecting water-quality data in a pumping well, (3) better understand the stratigraphy and composition of aquifer rocks, (4) assess 10 wells for the possibility of arsenic remediation by well modification, and (5) evaluate the effectiveness of well modification in bringing marginal wells into compliance with the new arsenic MCL. The purpose of this report is to describe the occurrence of arsenic in ground water near Norman, Oklahoma, and available options for reducing arsenic concentrations in produced ground water.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs20053111","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the City of Norman","usgsCitation":"Smith, S.J., and Christenson, S., 2005, Naturally Occurring Arsenic in Ground Water, Norman, Oklahoma, 2004, and Remediation Options for Produced Water: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3111, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053111.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3111/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":91186,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3111/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6672f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, S. Jerrod 0000-0002-9379-8167 sjsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9379-8167","contributorId":981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"sjsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jerrod","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christenson, Scott","contributorId":59128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":73793,"text":"fs20053096 - 2005 - Occupancy models to study wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-30T16:21:20","indexId":"fs20053096","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-3096","title":"Occupancy models to study wildlife","docAbstract":"Many wildlife studies seek to understand changes or differences in the proportion of sites occupied by a species of interest. These studies are hampered by imperfect detection of these species, which can result in some sites appearing to be unoccupied that are actually occupied. Occupancy models solve this problem and produce unbiased estimates of occupancy and related parameters. Required data (detection/non-detection information) are relatively simple and inexpensive to collect. Software is available free of charge to aid investigators in occupancy estimation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20053096","usgsCitation":"Bailey, L., and Adams, M.J., 2005, Occupancy models to study wildlife: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3096, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20053096.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":7309,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3096/fs20053096.pdf","text":"Report","size":"952 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2005-3096"},{"id":123029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3096/coverthb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696396","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, Larissa","contributorId":86059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Larissa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Michael John","contributorId":15295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":73683,"text":"ds136 - 2005 - Topography and Landforms of Ecuador","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-24T09:27:15","indexId":"ds136","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"136","title":"Topography and Landforms of Ecuador","docAbstract":"EXPLANATION\r\n\r\nThe digital elevation model of Ecuador represented in this data set was produced from over 40 individual tiles of elevation data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). Each tile was downloaded, converted from its native Height file format (.hgt), and imported into a geographic information system (GIS) for additional processing. Processing of the data included data gap filling, mosaicking, and re-projection of the tiles to form one single seamless digital elevation model.\r\n\r\nFor 11 days in February of 2000, NASA, the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), the German Aerospace Center (DLR), and the Italian Space Agency (ASI) flew X-band and C-band radar interferometry onboard the Space Shuttle Endeavor. The mission covered the Earth between 60?N and 57?S and will provide interferometric digital elevation models (DEMs) of approximately 80% of the Earth's land mass when processing is complete. The radar-pointing angle was approximately 55? at scene center. Ascending and descending orbital passes generated multiple interferometric data scenes for nearly all areas. Up to eight passes of data were merged to form the final processed SRTM DEMs. The effect of merging scenes averages elevation values recorded in coincident scenes and reduces, but does not completely eliminate, the amount of area with layover and terrain shadow effects.\r\n\r\nThe most significant form of data processing for the Ecuador DEM was gap-filling areas where the SRTM data contained a data void. These void areas are a result of radar shadow, layover, standing water, and other effects of terrain, as well as technical radar interferometry phase unwrapping issues. To fill these gaps, topographic contours were digitized from 1:50,000 - scale topographic maps which date from the mid-late 1980's (Souris, 2001). Digital contours were gridded to form elevation models for void areas and subsequently were merged with the SRTM data through GIS and remote sensing image-processing techniques.\r\n\r\nThe data contained in this publication includes a gap filled, countrywide SRTM DEM of Ecuador projected in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 17 North projection, Provisional South American, 1956, Ecuador datum and a non gap filled SRTM DEM of the Galapagos Islands projected in UTM Zone 15 North projection. Both the Ecuador and Galapagos Islands DEMs are available as an ESRI Grid, stored as ArcInfo Export files (.e00), and in Erdas Imagine (IMG) file formats with a 90 meter pixel resolution. Also included in this publication are high and low resolution Adobe Acrobat (PDF) files of topography and landforms maps in Ecuador. The high resolution map should be used for printing and display, while the lower resolution map can be used for quick viewing and reference purposes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds136","usgsCitation":"Chirico, P., and Warner, M.B., 2005, Topography and Landforms of Ecuador (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 136, 1 DVD, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds136.","productDescription":"1 DVD","costCenters":[{"id":229,"text":"Earth Surface Processes Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9780,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://permanent.access.gpo.gov/LPS89466/LPS89466/geology.er.usgs.gov/eespteam/terrainmodeling/ds_136.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","country":"Ecuador","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.277099609375,\n -3.35988909487339\n ],\n [\n -80.13427734374999,\n -3.8861770336993486\n ],\n [\n -80.4638671875,\n -4.0286587193699095\n ],\n [\n -80.408935546875,\n -4.521666342614791\n ],\n [\n -80.18920898437499,\n -4.269724272266744\n ],\n [\n -79.749755859375,\n -4.521666342614791\n ],\n [\n -79.639892578125,\n -4.412136788910181\n ],\n [\n -79.29931640625,\n -4.937724274302479\n ],\n [\n -79.013671875,\n -4.992449788490392\n ],\n [\n -78.914794921875,\n -4.893940608902113\n ],\n [\n -78.651123046875,\n -4.390228926463384\n ],\n [\n -78.33251953125,\n -3.348921589569934\n ],\n [\n -78.189697265625,\n -3.524386660147952\n ],\n [\n -78.123779296875,\n -3.3160183381615123\n ],\n [\n -77.98095703125,\n -3.074695072369682\n ],\n [\n -76.629638671875,\n -2.5699386165358837\n ],\n [\n -75.552978515625,\n -1.4829886856602688\n ],\n [\n -75.38818359375,\n -0.9667509997666298\n ],\n [\n -75.16845703124999,\n -0.9667509997666298\n ],\n [\n -75.56396484375,\n -0.14282211771737158\n ],\n [\n -75.2783203125,\n -0.10986321392741416\n ],\n [\n -75.8056640625,\n 0.08789059053082422\n ],\n [\n -76.26708984375,\n 0.4394488164139768\n ],\n [\n -76.409912109375,\n 0.38451859794901677\n ],\n [\n -76.431884765625,\n 0.208739772610497\n ],\n [\n -77.05810546875,\n 0.2746571512146894\n ],\n [\n -77.1240234375,\n 0.4174767746707514\n ],\n [\n -77.51953125,\n 0.428462803418747\n ],\n [\n -77.45361328125,\n 0.6701507351859315\n ],\n [\n -77.6953125,\n 0.7470491450051796\n ],\n [\n -77.684326171875,\n 0.8459165322899798\n ],\n [\n -77.904052734375,\n 0.8019757647536726\n ],\n [\n -78.299560546875,\n 1.0656123898763876\n ],\n [\n -78.33251953125,\n 1.197422590365017\n ],\n [\n -78.44238281249999,\n 1.1534865266428573\n ],\n [\n -78.90380859375,\n 1.4829886856602814\n ],\n [\n -79.189453125,\n 1.0765967983064109\n ],\n [\n -80.1123046875,\n 0.856901647439813\n ],\n [\n -80.1123046875,\n 0.08789059053082422\n ],\n [\n -80.57373046875,\n -0.3515602939922709\n ],\n [\n -80.52978515625,\n -0.5493079911125155\n ],\n [\n -80.61767578124999,\n -0.911826742598096\n ],\n [\n -80.947265625,\n -0.9887204566941844\n ],\n [\n -80.771484375,\n -1.3841426927920029\n ],\n [\n -80.870361328125,\n -1.5928123762763\n ],\n [\n -80.74951171875,\n -1.856364584850278\n ],\n [\n -80.782470703125,\n -2.0869407308811065\n ],\n [\n -81.002197265625,\n -2.1857489471296665\n ],\n [\n -80.277099609375,\n -3.35988909487339\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.537841796875,\n -2.3504147112508176\n ],\n [\n -88.79150390625,\n -2.3504147112508176\n ],\n [\n -88.79150390625,\n 0.8788717828324276\n ],\n [\n -92.537841796875,\n 0.8788717828324276\n ],\n [\n -92.537841796875,\n -2.3504147112508176\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6996ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chirico, Peter G.","contributorId":27086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chirico","given":"Peter G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warner, Michael B.","contributorId":26767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":73553,"text":"tm6A16 - 2005 - MODFLOW-2005 : the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model--the ground-water flow process","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:59","indexId":"tm6A16","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-A16","title":"MODFLOW-2005 : the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model--the ground-water flow process","docAbstract":"This report presents MODFLOW-2005, which is a new version of the finite-difference ground-water model commonly called MODFLOW. Ground-water flow is simulated using a block-centered finite-difference approach. Layers can be simulated as confined or unconfined. Flow associated with external stresses, such as wells, areal recharge, evapotranspiration, drains, and rivers, also can be simulated. The report includes detailed explanations of physical and mathematical concepts on which the model is based, an explanation of how those concepts are incorporated in the modular structure of the computer program, instructions for using the model, and details of the computer code.\r\n\r\nThe modular structure consists of a MAIN Program and a series of highly independent subroutines. The subroutines are grouped into 'packages.' Each package deals with a specific feature of the hydrologic system that is to be simulated, such as flow from rivers or flow into drains, or with a specific method of solving the set of simultaneous equations resulting from the finite-difference method. Several solution methods are incorporated, including the Preconditioned Conjugate-Gradient method. The division of the program into packages permits the user to examine specific hydrologic features of the model independently. This also facilitates development of additional capabilities because new packages can be added to the program without modifying the existing packages. The input and output systems of the computer program also are designed to permit maximum flexibility.\r\nThe program is designed to allow other capabilities, such as transport and optimization, to be incorporated, but this report is limited to describing the ground-water flow capability. The program is written in Fortran 90 and will run without modification on most computers that have a Fortran 90 compiler.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Book 6: Modeling techniques, Section A. Ground-water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/tm6A16","collaboration":"Code and documentation for other water models are available at http://water.usgs.gov/software/ground_water.html .","usgsCitation":"Harbaugh, A.W., 2005, MODFLOW-2005 : the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model--the ground-water flow process: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A16, 1 v. (various pagings) : ill. ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A16.","productDescription":"1 v. (various pagings) : ill. ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7423,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2005/tm6A16/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648cfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harbaugh, Arlen W. harbaugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbaugh","given":"Arlen","email":"harbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":286430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":73533,"text":"sir20055183 - 2005 - Quality-assurance plan for discharge measurements using acoustic Doppler current profilers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:59","indexId":"sir20055183","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5183","title":"Quality-assurance plan for discharge measurements using acoustic Doppler current profilers","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055183","usgsCitation":"Oberg, K.A., Morlock, S.E., and Caldwell, W.S., 2005, Quality-assurance plan for discharge measurements using acoustic Doppler current profilers: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5183, vi, 35 p. : col. ill. ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055183.","productDescription":"vi, 35 p. : col. ill. ; 28 cm.","numberOfPages":"41","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7421,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5183/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a87e4b07f02db64ee56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oberg, Kevin A. kaoberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"Kevin","email":"kaoberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":286425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morlock, Scott E. smorlock@usgs.gov","contributorId":3212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morlock","given":"Scott","email":"smorlock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":286426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caldwell, William Scott","contributorId":82773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":73503,"text":"sir20055223 - 2005 - Framework for regional synthesis of water-quality data for the glacial aquifer system in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:18","indexId":"sir20055223","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5223","title":"Framework for regional synthesis of water-quality data for the glacial aquifer system in the United States","docAbstract":"The glacial aquifer system is the largest principal aquifer in aerial extent and ground-water use for public supply in the United States. A principal aquifer is defined as a regionally extensive aquifer or aquifer system that has the potential to be used as a source of potable water (U.S. Geological Survey, 2003). Multiple aquifers often are grouped into large, extensive aquifer systems such as the glacial aquifer system.\r\n\r\nThe glacial aquifer system is considered here to include all unconsolidated aquifers above bedrock north of the line of continental glaciation throughout the country (fig. 1). Total withdrawals from the glacial aquifer system were 3,560 million gallons per day in 2000, which constitutes almost 5 percent of total withdrawals from all aquifers in the United States (Maupin and Barber, 2005). Approximately 41 million people relied on the glacial aquifer for public supply and domestic use in 2000.\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program began assessing the glacial aquifer system in 1991. The assessment of water-quality data on a regional scale, such as the glacial aquifer system, is coincident with the regional framework established by the Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program (RASA) (Sun and others, 1997). From 1978 to 1995, the RASA Program systematically evaluated 25 of the Nation's most important groundwater systems including studies in the glacial aquifer system in the northeast, Midwest, and northern Midwest United States. The NAWQA Program is building on the work of the RASA Program to study the water quality of 16 of the most important ground-water systems (Lapham and others, 2005). Over 1,700 water-quality samples have been collected by the NAWQA Program from 1991 to 2004 to assess the glacial aquifer system. This large data set is unique in that the samples have been collected using a consistent sampling protocol, and multiple nested samples. The nested samples address the recently recharged shallow ground water, deeper water from principal aquifers often used for domestic supply, and source water used for public supplies within the glacial aquifer system. Information concerning the NAWQA Program including study unit boundaries is shown in figure 1 (Lapham and others, 2005).\r\n\r\nA framework for comparison of water quality across the glacial aquifer system has been developed based on two primary characteristics: intrinsic susceptibility and vulnerability. Intrinsic susceptibility, which is a measure of the ease at which water enters and moves through aquifer material, is a characteristic of the aquifer and overlying material and of the hydrologic conditions. Intrinsic susceptibility is independent of the chemical characteristics of the contaminant and its sources. In this way, intrinsic susceptibility assessments do not target specific natural or anthropogenic sources of contamination but instead consider only the physical factors affecting the flow of water to, and through the ground-water resource (Focazio and others, 2002). On a regional scale, intrinsic susceptibility is represented by the spatial distribution of fine- or coarse-grained material at the land surface, and the physical setting of the aquifer system. Vulnerability, which is a function of both intrinsic susceptibility and the proximity and characteristics of contaminant sources, includes consideration of features related to anthropogenic sources of contaminants, such as the character of the upgradient land use (for example, urban, agricultural, undeveloped, and others); as well as features related to natural sources of contaminants, such as the mineralogy of the aquifer material or the geochemical conditions within the aquifer system. The framework helps categorize this large region into areas of similar hydrogeologic characteristics for which water quality can be compared. The purpose of this report is to describe this framework and how it will be used for regional synthesis of water-quality da","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055223","collaboration":"Online version now corrected","usgsCitation":"Warner, K., and Arnold, T., 2005, Framework for regional synthesis of water-quality data for the glacial aquifer system in the United States (Revised May 2006): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5223, 1 folded sheet (6 p.) : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055223.","productDescription":"1 folded sheet (6 p.) : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7931,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5223/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -160,37 ], [ -160,61 ], [ -50,61 ], [ -50,37 ], [ -160,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Revised May 2006","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a86ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warner, Kelly L. klwarner@usgs.gov","contributorId":655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"Kelly L.","email":"klwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":286422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arnold, Terri 0000-0003-1406-6054 tlarnold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1406-6054","contributorId":1598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arnold","given":"Terri","email":"tlarnold@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":286423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":73933,"text":"sir20055244 - 2005 - Using hydrogeomorphic criteria to classify wetlands on Mt. Desert Island, Maine – Approach, classification system, and examples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-04T20:21:39.323195","indexId":"sir20055244","displayToPublicDate":"2006-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5244","title":"Using hydrogeomorphic criteria to classify wetlands on Mt. Desert Island, Maine – Approach, classification system, and examples","docAbstract":"A wetland classification system was designed for Mt. Desert Island, Maine, to help categorize the large number of wetlands (over 1,200 mapped units) as an aid to understanding their hydrologic functions. The classification system, developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the National Park Service, uses a modified hydrogeomorphic (HGM) approach, and assigns categories based on position in the landscape, soils and surficial geologic setting, and source of water. A dichotomous key was developed to determine a preliminary HGM classification of wetlands on the island. This key is designed for use with USGS topographic maps and 1:24,000 geographic information system (GIS) coverages as an aid to the classification, but may also be used with field data.\r\n\r\nHydrologic data collected from a wetland monitoring study were used to determine whether the preliminary classification of individual wetlands using the HGM approach yielded classes that were consistent with actual hydroperiod data. Preliminary HGM classifications of the 20 wetlands in the monitoring study were consistent with the field hydroperiod data. The modified HGM classification approach appears robust, although the method apparently works somewhat better with undisturbed wetlands than with disturbed wetlands. This wetland classification system could be applied to other hydrogeologically similar areas of northern New England.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20055244","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, M.G., Guntenspergen, G.R., and Neckles, H.A., 2005, Using hydrogeomorphic criteria to classify wetlands on Mt. 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