Fungi in the basidiomycete genus Malassezia are the most prevalent eukaryotic microbes resident on the skin of human and other warm-blooded animals and have been implicated in skin diseases and systemic disorders. Analysis of Malassezia genomes revealed that key adaptations to the skin microenvironment have a direct genomic basis, and the identification of mating/meiotic genes suggests a capacity to reproduce sexually, even though no sexual cycle has yet been observed. In contrast to other bipolar or tetrapolar basidiomycetes that have either two linked mating-type-determining (MAT) loci or two MAT loci on separate chromosomes, in Malassezia species studied thus far the two MAT loci are arranged in a pseudobipolar configuration (linked on the same chromosome but capable of recombining). By generating additional chromosome-level genome assemblies, and an improved Malassezia phylogeny, we infer that the pseudobipolar arrangement was the ancestral state of this group and revealed six independent transitions to tetrapolarity, seemingly driven by centromere fission or translocations in centromere-flanking regions. Additionally, in an approach to uncover a sexual cycle, Malassezia furfur strains were engineered to express different MAT alleles in the same cell. The resulting strains produce hyphae reminiscent of early steps in sexual development and display upregulation of genes associated with sexual development as well as others encoding lipases and a protease potentially relevant for pathogenesis of the fungus. Our study reveals a previously unseen genomic relocation of mating-type loci in fungi and provides insight toward the identification of a sexual cycle in Malassezia, with possible implications for pathogenicity.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2305094120","usgsCitation":"Coelho, M.A., Ianiri, G., David-Palma, M., Theelen, B., Goyal, R., Narayanan, A., Lorch, J., Sanyal, K., Boekhout, T., and Heitman, J., 2023, Frequent transitions in mating-type locus chromosomal organization in Malassezia and early steps in sexual reproduction: PNAS, v. 120, no. 32, e2305094120, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2305094120.","productDescription":"e2305094120, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-153463","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10410736","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":419818,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"32","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coelho, Marco A.","contributorId":328414,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coelho","given":"Marco","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":78359,"text":"Duke University Medical Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ianiri, Giuseppe","contributorId":328415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ianiri","given":"Giuseppe","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78360,"text":"University of Molise","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"David-Palma, Marcia","contributorId":328416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"David-Palma","given":"Marcia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78359,"text":"Duke University Medical Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Theelen, Bart","contributorId":328417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Theelen","given":"Bart","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78361,"text":"Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goyal, Rohit","contributorId":328418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goyal","given":"Rohit","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78362,"text":"Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Narayanan, Aswathy","contributorId":328419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Narayanan","given":"Aswathy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78362,"text":"Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lorch, Jeffrey M. 0000-0003-2239-1252","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2239-1252","contributorId":260164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorch","given":"Jeffrey M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":880134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sanyal, Kaustuv","contributorId":328420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanyal","given":"Kaustuv","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78362,"text":"Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Boekhout, Teun","contributorId":328421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boekhout","given":"Teun","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78361,"text":"Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Heitman, Joseph","contributorId":225467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heitman","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41131,"text":"Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Medicine, and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70256595,"text":"70256595 - 2023 - Occupancy and activity patterns of nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) in a suburban environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-20T12:20:49.037672","indexId":"70256595","displayToPublicDate":"2023-07-31T07:16:53","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1398,"text":"Diversity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occupancy and activity patterns of nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) in a suburban environment","docAbstract":"Previous margin-wide studies of methane seep distribution along the Cascadia Subduction Zone indicate peaks in seep density within the landward limit of the of gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ; ≤500 m depth), suggesting a link between current ocean warming, acceleration of hydrate dissociated, and methane emissions. This inferred connection, however, may not account for regional geologic and/or structural complexities driving methane seepage. Expanding upon an existing seep database by adding new seeps data, we conducted statistical and spatial analyses to determine margin-wide distribution trends and offer a tectonic framework for understanding the tendency toward non-normality and spatial clustering. We then highlight the role of local-scale drivers of seep formation in addition to the first-order tectonic framework, using systematic geologic/geomorphic characterization of seep emission sites in southern Cascadia and case studies using meta-attribute analysis of seismic reflection data.. Seep distribution along the margin is non-random, but instead of clustering along the 500-m isobath, regions of high seep density occur in canyons and topographic highs. New findings from this study conclude that co-location of the outer arc high (OAH) and the landward limit of the GHSZ may explain high concentrations of seeps where deformation is the greatest and hydrates are unstable. Detailed analysis of the spatial relationships between seep sites and geologic-geomorphic features in southern Cascadia reveal a link between seeps and anticlines, with 52% of the seeps found in association with anticlines, 36% found at faults, 16% associated with canyons, and 11% at seafloor failure scarps. Given that a majority of anticlines are located along or seaward of the OAH in the actively deforming outer wedge, we suggest that the location of the OAH is a primary structural control on seep distribution. This scenario is supported by neural network analysis of multichannel seismic data revealing zones of probable fluid migration along vertical pipes, faults, and chimneys in the vicinity of active seep sites on anticlines. Determining linkages between seeps and submarine tectonic geomorphology is a crucial first step for understanding and forecasting the distribution of methane seepage, but also a necessity for evaluating causal relationships between ocean warming and gas-hydrate stability.
Influenza A viruses in wild birds pose threats to the poultry industry, wild birds, and human health under certain conditions. Of particular importance are wild waterfowl, which are the primary reservoir of low pathogenicity influenza viruses that ultimately cause high pathogenicity outbreaks in poultry farms. Despite much work on the drivers of influenza A virus prevalence, the underlying viral subtype dynamics are still mostly unexplored. Nevertheless, understanding these dynamics, particularly for the agriculturally significant H5 and H7 subtypes, is important for mitigating the risk of outbreaks in domestic poultry farms. Here, using an expansive surveillance database, we take a large-scale look at the spatial, temporal, and taxonomic drivers in the prevalence of these two subtypes among influenza A positive wild waterfowl. We document spatiotemporal trends that are consistent with past work, particularly an uptick in H5 viruses in late autumn and H7 viruses in spring. Interestingly, despite large species differences in temporal trends in overall influenza A virus prevalence, we document only modest differences in the relative abundance of these two subtypes and little, if any, temporal differences among species. As such, it appears that differences in species' phenology, physiology, and behaviors that influence overall susceptibility to influenza A viruses play a much lesser role in relative susceptibility to different subtypes. Instead, species likely freely pass viruses among each other regardless of subtype. Importantly, despite the similarities among species documented here, individual species still may play important roles in moving viruses across large geographic areas or sustaining local outbreaks through their different migratory behaviors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/eap.2906","usgsCitation":"Kent, C.M., Bevins, S.N., Mullinax, J.M., Sullivan, J.D., and Prosser, D., 2023, Waterfowl show spatiotemporal trends in influenza A H5 and H7 infections but limited taxonomic variation: Ecological Applications, v. 33, no. 7, e2906, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2906.","productDescription":"e2906, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-147544","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442588,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2906","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435237,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K4ARTI","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Predicted H5 and H7 subtype Avian Influenza Prevalence for Wild Waterfowl Species Across the Continental United States"},{"id":419539,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kent, Cody M.","contributorId":265823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kent","given":"Cody","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bevins, Sarah N.","contributorId":212845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bevins","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":36589,"text":"USDA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mullinax, Jennifer M.","contributorId":221170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mullinax","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sullivan, Jeffery D. 0000-0002-9242-2432","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9242-2432","contributorId":265822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":879546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Prosser, Diann 0000-0002-5251-1799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":217931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"Diann","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":879547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70247453,"text":"70247453 - 2023 - An introduction to lesions and histology of scleractinian corals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-06T16:35:08.177461","indexId":"70247453","displayToPublicDate":"2023-07-31T06:42:20","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3687,"text":"Veterinary Pathology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An introduction to lesions and histology of scleractinian corals","docAbstract":"Potassium-40 is a widespread, naturally occurring isotope whose radioactivity impacts estimated geological ages spanning billions of years, nuclear structure theory, and subatomic rare-event searches—including those for dark matter and neutrinoless double-beta decay. The decays of this long-lived isotope must be precisely known for its use as a geochronometer, and to account for its presence in low-background experiments. There are several known decay modes for potassium-40, but a predicted electron-capture decay directly to the ground state of argon-40 has never been observed. The existence of this decay mode impacts several fields, while theoretical predictions span an order of magnitude. Here we report on the first, successful observation of this rare decay mode, obtained by the KDK (potassium decay) Collaboration using a novel combination of a low-threshold x-ray detector surrounded by a tonne-scale, high-efficiency γ-ray tagger at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. A blinded analysis reveals a distinctly nonzero ratio of intensities of ground-state electron-captures (IEC0) over excited-state ones (IEC∗) of IEC0/IEC∗=0.0095stat±0.0022sys±0.0010 (68% CL), with the null hypothesis rejected at 4σ [Stukel et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 052503 (2023)]. In terms of branching ratio, this unambiguous signal yields IEC0=0.098%stat±0.023%sys±0.010%, roughly half of the commonly used prediction. This first observation of a third-forbidden unique electron capture improves our understanding of low-energy backgrounds in dark-matter searches and has implications for nuclear-structure calculations. For example, a shell-model based theoretical estimate for the neutrinoless double-beta decay half-life of calcium-48 is increased by a factor of 7+3−2. Our nonzero measurement shifts geochronological ages by up to a percent; implications are illustrated for Earth and solar system chronologies.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Physical Society","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevC.108.014327","usgsCitation":"Hariasz, L., Stukel, M., Di Stefano, P., Rasco, B., Rykaczewski, K., Brewer, N., Stracener, D., Liu, Y., Gai, Z., Rouleau, C., Carter, J.B., Kostensalo, J., Suhonen, J., Davis, H., Lukosi, E., Goetz, K., Grzywacz, R., Mancuso, M., Petricca, F., Fijalkowska, A., Wolinska-Cichocka, M., Ninkovic, J., Lechner, P., Ickert, R., Morgan, L.E., Renne, P., and Yavin, I., 2023, First observation of the ground-state electron-capture of 40K: Physical Review C, v. 108, 014327, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.108.014327.","productDescription":"014327","ipdsId":"IP-147097","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202308304844","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":419654,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hariasz, L.","contributorId":317927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hariasz","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40753,"text":"Queen's University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stukel, M.","contributorId":317926,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stukel","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40753,"text":"Queen's University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Di Stefano, P.C.F.","contributorId":317928,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Di Stefano","given":"P.C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40753,"text":"Queen's University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rasco, B.C.","contributorId":317929,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rasco","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37070,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rykaczewski, K.P.","contributorId":317930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rykaczewski","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37070,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brewer, N.T.","contributorId":317931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brewer","given":"N.T.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37070,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stracener, D.W.","contributorId":317932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stracener","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37070,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Liu, Y.","contributorId":127400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6940,"text":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gai, Z.","contributorId":317933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gai","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37070,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rouleau, C.","contributorId":317935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rouleau","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37070,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Carter, J. B.","contributorId":205584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carter","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kostensalo, J.","contributorId":317937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kostensalo","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40380,"text":"Natural Resources Institute Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Suhonen, J.","contributorId":317939,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suhonen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25498,"text":"University of Jyvaskyla","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Davis, H.","contributorId":317941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Lukosi, E.D.","contributorId":317943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lukosi","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Goetz, K.C.","contributorId":317944,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goetz","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37070,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Grzywacz, R.K.","contributorId":317946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grzywacz","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37070,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Mancuso, M.","contributorId":317948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mancuso","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":69196,"text":"Max-Planck Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Petricca, F.","contributorId":317950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petricca","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":69196,"text":"Max-Planck Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Fijalkowska, A.","contributorId":317952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fijalkowska","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":69197,"text":"University of Warsaw","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Wolinska-Cichocka, M.","contributorId":317953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolinska-Cichocka","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37070,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Ninkovic, J.","contributorId":317955,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ninkovic","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":69198,"text":"MPG Semiconductor Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Lechner, P.","contributorId":317957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lechner","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":69198,"text":"MPG Semiconductor Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Ickert, R.B.","contributorId":317960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ickert","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Morgan, Leah E. 0000-0001-9930-524X lemorgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9930-524X","contributorId":176174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Leah","email":"lemorgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":879815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Renne, P.R.","contributorId":317964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Renne","given":"P.R.","affiliations":[{"id":38176,"text":"Berkeley Geochronology Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Yavin, I.","contributorId":317967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yavin","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18047,"text":"n/a","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27}]}} ,{"id":70247468,"text":"70247468 - 2023 - Rare 40K decay with implications for fundamental physics and geochronology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-09T11:35:09.235377","indexId":"70247468","displayToPublicDate":"2023-07-31T06:34:04","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3064,"text":"Physical Review Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rare 40K decay with implications for fundamental physics and geochronology","docAbstract":"Potassium-40 is a widespread, naturally occurring isotope whose radioactivity impacts subatomic rare-event searches, nuclear structure theory, and estimated geological ages. A predicted electron-capture decay directly to the ground state of argon-40 has never been observed. The KDK (potassium decay) collaboration reports strong evidence of this rare decay mode. A blinded analysis reveals a nonzero ratio of intensities of ground-state electron-captures (IEC0) over excited-state ones (IEC∗) of IEC0/IEC∗=0.0095stat±0.0022sys±0.0010 (68% C.L.), with the null hypothesis rejected at 4σ. In terms of branching ratio, this signal yields IEC0=0.098%stat±0.023%sys±0.010%, roughly half of the commonly used prediction, with consequences for various fields [L. Hariasz et al., companion paper, Phys. Rev. C 108, 014327 (2023)].
","language":"English","publisher":"American Physical Society","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.052503","usgsCitation":"Stukel, M., Hariasz, L., Di Stefano, P., Rasco, B., Rykaczewski, K., Brewer, N., Stracener, D., Liu, Y., Gai, Z., Rouleau, C., Carter, J.B., Kostensalo, J., Suhonen, J., Davis, H., Lukosi, E., Goetz, K., Grzywacz, R., Mancuso, M., Petricca, F., Fijalkowska, A., Wolinska-Cichocka, M., Ninkovic, J., Lechner, P., Ickert, R., Morgan, L.E., Renne, P., and Yavin, I., 2023, Rare 40K decay with implications for fundamental physics and geochronology: Physical Review Letters, v. 131, 052503, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.052503.","productDescription":"052503","ipdsId":"IP-146164","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442596,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202308244749","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":419653,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"131","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stukel, M.","contributorId":317926,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stukel","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40753,"text":"Queen's University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hariasz, L.","contributorId":317927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hariasz","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40753,"text":"Queen's University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Di Stefano, P.C.F.","contributorId":317928,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Di Stefano","given":"P.C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40753,"text":"Queen's University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rasco, B.C.","contributorId":317929,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rasco","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37070,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rykaczewski, K.P.","contributorId":317930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rykaczewski","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37070,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brewer, N.T.","contributorId":317931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brewer","given":"N.T.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37070,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stracener, D.W.","contributorId":317932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stracener","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37070,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Liu, Y.","contributorId":127400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6940,"text":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gai, Z.","contributorId":317933,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gai","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37070,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rouleau, C.","contributorId":317935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rouleau","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37070,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Carter, J. B.","contributorId":205584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carter","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kostensalo, J.","contributorId":317937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kostensalo","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40380,"text":"Natural Resources Institute Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Suhonen, J.","contributorId":317939,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suhonen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25498,"text":"University of Jyvaskyla","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Davis, H.","contributorId":317941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Lukosi, E.D.","contributorId":317943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lukosi","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Goetz, K.C.","contributorId":317944,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goetz","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37070,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Grzywacz, R.K.","contributorId":317946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grzywacz","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37070,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Mancuso, M.","contributorId":317948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mancuso","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":69196,"text":"Max-Planck Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Petricca, F.","contributorId":317950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petricca","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":69196,"text":"Max-Planck Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Fijalkowska, A.","contributorId":317952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fijalkowska","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":69197,"text":"University of Warsaw","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Wolinska-Cichocka, M.","contributorId":317953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolinska-Cichocka","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37070,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Ninkovic, J.","contributorId":317955,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ninkovic","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":69198,"text":"MPG Semiconductor Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Lechner, P.","contributorId":317957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lechner","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":69198,"text":"MPG Semiconductor Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Ickert, R.B.","contributorId":317960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ickert","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Morgan, Leah E. 0000-0001-9930-524X lemorgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9930-524X","contributorId":176174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Leah","email":"lemorgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":879786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Renne, P.R.","contributorId":317964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Renne","given":"P.R.","affiliations":[{"id":38176,"text":"Berkeley Geochronology Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Yavin, I.","contributorId":317967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yavin","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18047,"text":"n/a","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27}]}} ,{"id":70262347,"text":"70262347 - 2023 - Variation in herbivore space use: Comparing two savanna ecosystems with different anthrax outbreak patterns in southern Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-17T15:03:03.096164","indexId":"70262347","displayToPublicDate":"2023-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2792,"text":"Movement Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in herbivore space use: Comparing two savanna ecosystems with different anthrax outbreak patterns in southern Africa","docAbstract":"Background
The distribution of resources can affect animal range sizes, which in turn may alter infectious disease dynamics in heterogenous environments. The risk of pathogen exposure or the spatial extent of outbreaks may vary with host range size. This study examined the range sizes of herbivorous anthrax host species in two ecosystems and relationships between spatial movement behavior and patterns of disease outbreaks for a multi-host environmentally transmitted pathogen.
Methods
We examined range sizes for seven host species and the spatial extent of anthrax outbreaks in Etosha National Park, Namibia and Kruger National Park, South Africa, where the main host species and outbreak sizes differ. We evaluated host range sizes using the local convex hull method at different temporal scales, within-individual temporal range overlap, and relationships between ranging behavior and species contributions to anthrax cases in each park. We estimated the spatial extent of annual anthrax mortalities and evaluated whether the extent was correlated with case numbers of a given host species.
Results
Range size differences among species were not linearly related to anthrax case numbers. In Kruger the main host species had small range sizes and high range overlap, which may heighten exposure when outbreaks occur within their ranges. However, different patterns were observed in Etosha, where the main host species had large range sizes and relatively little overlap. The spatial extent of anthrax mortalities was similar between parks but less variable in Etosha than Kruger. In Kruger outbreaks varied from small local clusters to large areas and the spatial extent correlated with case numbers and species affected. Secondary host species contributed relatively few cases to outbreaks; however, for these species with large range sizes, case numbers positively correlated with outbreak extent.
Conclusions
Our results provide new information on the spatiotemporal structuring of ranging movements of anthrax host species in two ecosystems. The results linking anthrax dynamics to host space use are correlative, yet suggest that, though partial and proximate, host range size and overlap may be contributing factors in outbreak characteristics for environmentally transmitted pathogens.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1186/s40462-023-00385-2","usgsCitation":"Huang, Y., Owen-Smith, N., Henley, M., Kilian, J.W., Kamath, P., Ochai, S.O., van Heerden, H., Mfune, J.K., Getz, W., and Turner, W.C., 2023, Variation in herbivore space use: Comparing two savanna ecosystems with different anthrax outbreak patterns in southern Africa: Movement Ecology, v. 11, 46, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-023-00385-2.","productDescription":"46, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-142701","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-023-00385-2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":480730,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Namibia, South Africa","otherGeospatial":"Etosha National Park, Kruger National Park","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[31.521,-29.25739],[31.32556,-29.40198],[30.90176,-29.90996],[30.62281,-30.42378],[30.05572,-31.14027],[28.92555,-32.17204],[28.21976,-32.77195],[27.46461,-33.22696],[26.41945,-33.61495],[25.90966,-33.66704],[25.78063,-33.94465],[25.17286,-33.79685],[24.67785,-33.98718],[23.59404,-33.79447],[22.98819,-33.91643],[22.57416,-33.86408],[21.5428,-34.25884],[20.68905,-34.41718],[20.07126,-34.79514],[19.61641,-34.81917],[19.19328,-34.4626],[18.85531,-34.44431],[18.42464,-33.99787],[18.37741,-34.13652],[18.2445,-33.86775],[18.25008,-33.28143],[17.92519,-32.61129],[18.24791,-32.42913],[18.22176,-31.66163],[17.56692,-30.72572],[17.06442,-29.87864],[17.06292,-29.87595],[16.34498,-28.57671],[15.60182,-27.82125],[15.21047,-27.09096],[14.98971,-26.11737],[14.74321,-25.39292],[14.40814,-23.85301],[14.38572,-22.65665],[14.25771,-22.11121],[13.86864,-21.69904],[13.3525,-20.87283],[12.82685,-19.67317],[12.60856,-19.04535],[11.79492,-18.06913],[11.7342,-17.30189],[12.21546,-17.11167],[12.81408,-16.94134],[13.46236,-16.97121],[14.0585,-17.42338],[14.20971,-17.3531],[18.26331,-17.30995],[18.95619,-17.78909],[21.37718,-17.93064],[23.21505,-17.52312],[24.03386,-17.29584],[24.68235,-17.35341],[25.07695,-17.57882],[25.08444,-17.66182],[24.52071,-17.88712],[24.21736,-17.88935],[23.57901,-18.28126],[23.19686,-17.86904],[21.65504,-18.21915],[20.91064,-18.25222],[20.88113,-21.81433],[19.89546,-21.84916],[19.89577,-24.76779],[20.16573,-24.91796],[20.75861,-25.86814],[20.66647,-26.47745],[20.88961,-26.82854],[21.6059,-26.72653],[22.10597,-26.28026],[22.57953,-25.97945],[22.82427,-25.50046],[23.3121,-25.26869],[23.73357,-25.39013],[24.21127,-25.67022],[25.02517,-25.71967],[25.66467,-25.48682],[25.76585,-25.17485],[25.94165,-24.69637],[26.48575,-24.61633],[26.78641,-24.24069],[27.11941,-23.57432],[28.01724,-22.82775],[29.43219,-22.09131],[29.83904,-22.10222],[30.32288,-22.27161],[30.65987,-22.15157],[31.19141,-22.25151],[31.6704,-23.65897],[31.93059,-24.36942],[31.75241,-25.48428],[31.83778,-25.84333],[31.33316,-25.66019],[31.04408,-25.73145],[30.94967,-26.02265],[30.67661,-26.39808],[30.68596,-26.74385],[31.28277,-27.28588],[31.86806,-27.17793],[32.07167,-26.73382],[32.83012,-26.74219],[32.58026,-27.47016],[32.46213,-28.30101],[32.20339,-28.7524],[31.521,-29.25739]]],[[[28.5417,-28.6475],[28.97826,-28.9556],[29.32517,-29.25739],[29.01842,-29.74377],[28.8484,-30.07005],[28.29107,-30.22622],[28.1072,-30.54573],[27.7494,-30.64511],[26.99926,-29.87595],[27.53251,-29.24271],[28.07434,-28.85147],[28.5417,-28.6475]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"South Africa\"}}]}","volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huang, Yen-Hua","contributorId":287147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huang","given":"Yen-Hua","affiliations":[{"id":61495,"text":"University of Albany -SUNY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Owen-Smith, Norman","contributorId":284851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Owen-Smith","given":"Norman","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":923875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henley, Michelle D.","contributorId":348941,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henley","given":"Michelle D.","affiliations":[{"id":83416,"text":"University of South Africa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kilian, J. Werner","contributorId":287156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kilian","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Werner","affiliations":[{"id":61496,"text":"Etosha Ecological Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kamath, Pauline L.","contributorId":287155,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kamath","given":"Pauline L.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ochai, Sunday O.","contributorId":342466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ochai","given":"Sunday","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":48053,"text":"University of Pretoria","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"van Heerden, Henriette","contributorId":287149,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Heerden","given":"Henriette","affiliations":[{"id":48053,"text":"University of Pretoria","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mfune, John K.E.","contributorId":287158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mfune","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"K.E.","affiliations":[{"id":39588,"text":"University of Namibia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Getz, Wayne M.","contributorId":287152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Getz","given":"Wayne M.","affiliations":[{"id":36629,"text":"University of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Turner, Wendy Christine 0000-0002-0302-1646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0302-1646","contributorId":287053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"Christine","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":923883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70247392,"text":"70247392 - 2023 - Ten best practices for effective phenological research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-20T16:21:32.476662","indexId":"70247392","displayToPublicDate":"2023-07-29T10:00:24","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2031,"text":"International Journal of Biometeorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ten best practices for effective phenological research","docAbstract":"The number and diversity of phenological studies has increased rapidly in recent years. Innovative experiments, field studies, citizen science projects, and analyses of newly available historical data are contributing insights that advance our understanding of ecological and evolutionary responses to the environment, particularly climate change. However, many phenological data sets have peculiarities that are not immediately obvious and can lead to mistakes in analyses and interpretation of results. This paper aims to help researchers, especially those new to the field of phenology, understand challenges and practices that are crucial for effective studies. For example, researchers may fail to account for sampling biases in phenological data, struggle to choose or design a volunteer data collection strategy that adequately fits their project’s needs, or combine data sets in inappropriate ways. We describe ten best practices for designing studies of plant and animal phenology, evaluating data quality, and analyzing data. Practices include accounting for common biases in data, using effective citizen or community science methods, and employing appropriate data when investigating phenological mismatches. We present these best practices to help researchers entering the field take full advantage of the wealth of available data and approaches to advance our understanding of phenology and its implications for ecology.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s00484-023-02502-7","usgsCitation":"Primack, R., Gallinat, A., Ellwood, E.R., Crimmins, T., Schwartz, M., Staudinger, M., and Miller-Rushing, A., 2023, Ten best practices for effective phenological research: International Journal of Biometeorology, v. 67, p. 1509-1522, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-023-02502-7.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1509","endPage":"1522","ipdsId":"IP-137838","costCenters":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442599,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-023-02502-7","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":419502,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Primack, Richard","contributorId":317841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Primack","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13570,"text":"Boston University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gallinat, Amanda S.","contributorId":317842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gallinat","given":"Amanda S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellwood, Elizabeth R.","contributorId":317843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ellwood","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crimmins, Theresa M.","contributorId":317844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crimmins","given":"Theresa M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schwartz, Mark D.","contributorId":317845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Mark D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Staudinger, Michelle 0000-0002-4535-2005","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4535-2005","contributorId":215140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staudinger","given":"Michelle","affiliations":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":879441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Miller-Rushing, Abraham J.","contributorId":317846,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller-Rushing","given":"Abraham J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70247693,"text":"70247693 - 2023 - Tidal restriction likely has greater impact on the carbon sink of coastal wetland than climate warming and invasive plant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-20T17:35:07.023099","indexId":"70247693","displayToPublicDate":"2023-07-29T09:02:48","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3089,"text":"Plant and Soil","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tidal restriction likely has greater impact on the carbon sink of coastal wetland than climate warming and invasive plant","docAbstract":"Coastal salt marshes are productive ecosystems that are highly efficient carbon sinks, but there is uncertainty regarding the interactions among climate warming, plant species, and tidal restriction on C cycling.
Open-top chambers (OTCs) were deployed at two coastal wetlands in Yancheng, China, where native Phragmites australis (Phragmites) and invasive Spartina alterniflora (Spartina) were dominant, respectively. Two study locations were set up in each area based on difference in tidal action. The OTCs achieved an increase of average daytime air temperature of ~ 1.11–1.55 °C. Net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE), ecosystem respiration (Reco), CH4 fluxes, aboveground biomass and other abiotic factors were monitored over three years.
Warming reduced the magnitude of the radiative balance of native Phragmites, which was determined to still be a consistent C sink. In contrast, warming or tidal flooding presumably transform the Spartina into a weak C source, because either warming-induced high salinity reduced the magnitude of NEE by 19% or flooding increased CH4 emissions by 789%. Remarkably, native Phragmites affected by tidal restrictions appeared to be a consistent C source with the radiative balance of 7.11–9.64 kg CO2-eq m–2 yr–1 because of a reduction in the magnitude of NEE and increase of CH4 fluxes.
Tidal restrictions that disconnect the tidal hydrologic connection between the ocean and land may transform coastal wetlands from C sinks to C sources. This transformation may potentially be an even greater threat to coastal carbon sequestration than climate warming or invasive plant species in isolation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11104-023-06160-x","usgsCitation":"Zhou, P., Ye, S., Xie, L., Krauss, K., Pei, L., Chapman, S.K., Brix, H., Laws, E.A., Yuan, H., Yang, S., Ding, X., and Xie, S., 2023, Tidal restriction likely has greater impact on the carbon sink of coastal wetland than climate warming and invasive plant: Plant and Soil, v. 492, p. 135-156, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-023-06160-x.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"156","ipdsId":"IP-149742","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499840,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://repository.lsu.edu/enviro_sciences_pubs/237","text":"External Repository"},{"id":419743,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"492","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhou, Pan","contributorId":328390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhou","given":"Pan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12433,"text":"China University of Geosciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ye, Siyuan","contributorId":146732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ye","given":"Siyuan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16739,"text":"Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Shandong Province, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xie, Liujuan","contributorId":328391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xie","given":"Liujuan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78354,"text":"China Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krauss, Ken 0000-0003-2195-0729","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":223022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":880063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pei, Lixin","contributorId":328392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pei","given":"Lixin","affiliations":[{"id":78354,"text":"China Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chapman, Samantha K.","contributorId":303864,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chapman","given":"Samantha","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":12766,"text":"Villanova University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brix, Hans","contributorId":146735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brix","given":"Hans","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13419,"text":"Aarhus University, Denmark","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Laws, Edward A.","contributorId":328394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laws","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Yuan, Hongming","contributorId":173534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yuan","given":"Hongming","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27244,"text":"Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Yang, Shixiong","contributorId":328396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yang","given":"Shixiong","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78354,"text":"China Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Ding, Xigui","contributorId":173536,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ding","given":"Xigui","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27244,"text":"Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Xie, Shucheng","contributorId":328397,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xie","given":"Shucheng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12433,"text":"China University of Geosciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":880071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70247915,"text":"70247915 - 2023 - Satellite tracking reveals use of Biscayne National Park by sea turtles tagged in multiple locations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-29T15:21:22.255682","indexId":"70247915","displayToPublicDate":"2023-07-29T07:23:48","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5094,"text":"Regional Studies in Marine Science","onlineIssn":"2352-4855","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Satellite tracking reveals use of Biscayne National Park by sea turtles tagged in multiple locations","docAbstract":"Although historical observations date back to the 1800’s, there is little information on sea turtle occupancy within Biscayne National Park (BNP). The park is located along the Florida reef tract and is dominated by the Gulfstream, which acts as a corridor for many marine animals. Here we used satellite telemetry to determine areas of use in BNP for two species of imperiled sea turtles, loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and green (Chelonia mydas) turtles. We included data for turtles tagged between 2009–2021 at sites both within park waters and in five locations outside the park boundary; individuals were captured both in the water and on land. We tagged 60 individuals (female, n
In the Mojave Desert, timing and amounts of precipitation profoundly affect availability of water and annual plant foods necessary for the threatened Agassiz’s desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) to survive, especially during prolonged droughts. As part of recovery actions to increase declining populations, we translocated 83 juvenile and young desert tortoises raised in head-start pens for 4–10 years to a new location 15 km away during fall of 2013 and 2014. We tracked them for 9 years during a megadrought, during multiple years of low rainfall and a few years when precipitation neared or exceeded long-term norms. We evaluated behaviors and how precipitation and forage availability affected survival. At the end of the study, 21.6% of tortoises were alive and 6 had grown to adulthood. Annual models of survival indicated that tortoise size was the driving variable in most years, followed by number of repeatedly used burrows during periods of temperature extremes. Other variables affecting survival in ≥1 year were vegetation, movements during the first 2 years post-translocation, and condition index, a measure of health. Tortoises moved more, expanded home ranges, and grew rapidly in years when winter rainfall approached or exceeded long-term norms and annual plants were available to eat. During dry years, movements and growth were limited. Exceptions to this pattern occurred in the last year of study, a dry year: tortoises grew, moved more, and home ranges increased. The increase in size and approaching adulthood may have stimulated greater travelling. Some left the study area, indicating a need for large release areas. We may have aided survival by offering water twice yearly when handling, because some tortoises drank and increased in mass up to 40%. Prolonged droughts and hotter temperatures can limit recovery of populations, reduce survival of young tortoises, and increase the time to maturity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers","doi":"10.3389/fevo.2023.1164050","usgsCitation":"Berry, K.H., Mack, J., and Anderson, K.M., 2023, Variations in climate drive behavior and survival of small desert tortoises: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, v. 11, 1164050, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2023.1164050.","productDescription":"1164050, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-155005","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442605,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2023.1164050","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":419448,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Kern","otherGeospatial":"Edwards Air Force Base, Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.8488372578013,\n 34.86175283945724\n ],\n [\n -117.8488372578013,\n 34.82274737275513\n ],\n [\n -117.8249371796763,\n 34.82274737275513\n ],\n [\n -117.8249371796763,\n 34.86175283945724\n ],\n [\n -117.8488372578013,\n 34.86175283945724\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berry, Kristin H. 0000-0003-1591-8394 kristin_berry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1591-8394","contributorId":437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Kristin","email":"kristin_berry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":879370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mack, Jeremy S 0000-0002-3394-8493","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3394-8493","contributorId":206166,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mack","given":"Jeremy S","affiliations":[{"id":37269,"text":"Crater Lake National Park (formerly USGS - WERC)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Kemp M.","contributorId":139382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Kemp","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12757,"text":"Seal Beach, California 90740","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70269298,"text":"70269298 - 2023 - Vertebrate population changes induced by hunting in Amazonian sustainable-use protected areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-18T15:09:41.242703","indexId":"70269298","displayToPublicDate":"2023-07-28T09:56:03","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vertebrate population changes induced by hunting in Amazonian sustainable-use protected areas","docAbstract":"The purported sustainability of sustainable-use reserves (SURs) has been questioned in recent decades due to anthropogenic disturbance, including widespread game hunting. A fuller understanding of the drivers of harvest-induced game population changes in SURs is needed to inform this debate. We deployed 720 camera traps around 100 local communities both inside and outside nine SURs in central-western Brazilian Amazonia to generate detection records of 29 mammal and bird species. We used Royle-Nichols multi-species occupancy models to evaluate if (i) distance to and size of local communities, (ii) local human population density, (iii) distance to and size of urban areas, (iv) local level of protection, and (v) alternative availability of aquatic protein affected the (a) species richness, (b) aggregated abundance and (c) biomass, (d) mean reproductive rate of species, and (e) mean abundance of functional groups and (f) individual species. Community distance was the main determinant of wildlife declines, impacting species up to 5-km from communities, but three game species exhibited higher abundances within this distance. Other drivers, such as community size and urban neighbourhood, also contributed to species declines. Availability of alternative aquatic protein buffered declines of only two species and local protection increased species richness and aggregate abundance. These findings can help inform evidence-based conservation strategies in tropical SURs. Our results suggest that preventing habitat loss beyond 5-km radius from communities can promote a healthy source-sink dynamic for populations of game species. Furthermore, game management measures could encourage targeting harvest-tolerant species and the protection of all game species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2023.110206","usgsCitation":"Sampaio, R., Morato, R., Royle, A., Abrahams, M., Peres, C., and Chiarello, A., 2023, Vertebrate population changes induced by hunting in Amazonian sustainable-use protected areas: Biological Conservation, v. 284, 110206, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2023.110206.","productDescription":"110206, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-149705","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492540,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, Venezuela","otherGeospatial":"Amazonia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -43.637408253195986,\n -2.3060326068290067\n ],\n [\n -48.14555339905098,\n -0.1940974895162526\n ],\n [\n -49.637615237798286,\n 0.7143229361070951\n ],\n [\n -51.33131765072363,\n 4.944450698236253\n ],\n [\n -53.7256643067451,\n 2.2972655401073467\n ],\n [\n -55.96904383423603,\n 2.423987519980571\n ],\n [\n -58.70893349914384,\n 1.5174393194595694\n ],\n [\n -59.96691587416443,\n 2.2658727368582845\n ],\n [\n -59.589929970999336,\n 4.051694701023223\n ],\n [\n -60.96781422230684,\n 5.659735807716402\n ],\n [\n -61.231933841432635,\n 6.674442717678929\n ],\n [\n -65.03176714852142,\n 5.729607550626682\n ],\n [\n -64.85261613935633,\n 4.423513387321805\n ],\n [\n -66.09631744138863,\n 4.6175141482436\n ],\n [\n -67.5836202891718,\n 4.278648073117438\n ],\n [\n -75.30203138662513,\n 3.296749983278147\n ],\n [\n -77.99136888731351,\n -1.9187154982584076\n ],\n [\n -78.57612587231063,\n -4.632831136658638\n ],\n [\n -78.42265374822121,\n -6.080577280462858\n ],\n [\n -77.26543480240852,\n -8.668445675562559\n ],\n [\n -74.62185995137612,\n -12.27373941680095\n ],\n [\n -71.37336343298678,\n -14.580335381469894\n ],\n [\n -70.36900675103054,\n -13.888418641293228\n ],\n [\n -66.30868649128317,\n -17.935168274255616\n ],\n [\n -62.90282496866929,\n -18.617013572434885\n ],\n [\n -59.840583612385714,\n -15.896682735242365\n ],\n [\n -58.53060682293865,\n -13.70495505291602\n ],\n [\n -56.20785533225906,\n -14.814552312120384\n ],\n [\n -48.958427214778396,\n -12.661802525180462\n ],\n [\n -43.637408253195986,\n -2.3060326068290067\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"284","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sampaio, Ricardo","contributorId":358252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sampaio","given":"Ricardo","affiliations":[{"id":85590,"text":"Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoros (CENAP)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morato, Ronaldo G.","contributorId":358253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morato","given":"Ronaldo G.","affiliations":[{"id":85590,"text":"Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoros (CENAP)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":146229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":943387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Abrahams, Mark I.","contributorId":358254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abrahams","given":"Mark I.","affiliations":[{"id":85591,"text":"Bristol Zoological Society, Field Conservation and Science Department, Bristol, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peres, Carlos A.","contributorId":358255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peres","given":"Carlos A.","affiliations":[{"id":85593,"text":"School Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chiarello, Adriano G.","contributorId":358256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chiarello","given":"Adriano G.","affiliations":[{"id":85594,"text":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":943390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70247434,"text":"70247434 - 2023 - Estuarine salinity extremes: Using the Coastal Salinity Index to quantify the role of droughts, floods, hurricanes, and freshwater flow alteration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-07T14:14:35.740737","indexId":"70247434","displayToPublicDate":"2023-07-28T09:07:52","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estuarine salinity extremes: Using the Coastal Salinity Index to quantify the role of droughts, floods, hurricanes, and freshwater flow alteration","docAbstract":"In the face of accelerating climate change, advancing understanding of how extreme climatic events influence estuarine salinities can help to inform resource management. Extreme salinities driven by droughts, hurricanes, floods, and freshwater flow alterations can lead to ecological transformations in estuarine ecosystems. Here, we applied the Coastal Salinity Index (CSI; Conrads and Darby 2017) to 22 years (1998–2020) of salinity data in a Louisiana estuary (Barataria Estuary, USA) to elucidate the impacts of extreme events on estuarine salinities. The CSI is an index to quantify salinity patterns at a specific location through long-term averages and deviations from historical average conditions. We calculated and compared CSI values for four stations distributed along an estuarine salinity gradient. We identified 10 events between 1998 and 2020 that produced extreme salinities, including two droughts, four hurricanes, three floods, and one freshwater diversion. The droughts of 2000 and 2006 caused surface water salinities to increase substantially throughout the estuary. The effects of hurricanes were highly variable, with some storms leading to elevated salinities throughout the entire estuary (e.g., Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005), whereas other storms led to elevated salinities for some but not all stations (e.g., Hurricanes Gustav and Ike in 2008 or Hurricane Isaac in 2012). The opening of a freshwater river diversion in 2010 contributed to fresher conditions throughout the estuary and appeared to reduce or eliminate the increases in salinity that normally occur during the summer, although these effects were short-lived. Mississippi River floods in 2008, 2011, and 2019 reduced salinities throughout the estuary, but the effects were most pronounced in the lower estuary compared to the upper estuary. Collectively, our results advance understanding of the influence of extreme events on estuarine salinity regimes. Our analyses also highlight the value of the CSI for identifying periods with extreme salinities (i.e., extreme high or low salinities) via calculations that place salinity levels within and across estuaries within a historical context.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2023.108445","usgsCitation":"Feher, L., Osland, M., and Swarzenski, C., 2023, Estuarine salinity extremes: Using the Coastal Salinity Index to quantify the role of droughts, floods, hurricanes, and freshwater flow alteration: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 291, 108445, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2023.108445.","productDescription":"108445, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-149499","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442607,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2023.108445","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":419561,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Barataria Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.75,\n 30\n ],\n [\n -90.75,\n 29\n ],\n [\n -89.5,\n 29\n ],\n [\n -89.5,\n 30\n ],\n [\n -90.75,\n 30\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"291","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feher, Laura 0000-0002-5983-6190","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5983-6190","contributorId":221894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feher","given":"Laura","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":879608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osland, Michael 0000-0001-9902-8692","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9902-8692","contributorId":222814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osland","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":879609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swarzenski, Christopher 0000-0001-9843-1471","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9843-1471","contributorId":300309,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[{"id":12545,"text":"USGS retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70247386,"text":"70247386 - 2023 - Incorporating metapopulation dynamics to inform invasive species management: Evaluating bighead and silver carp control strategies in the Illinois River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-22T16:30:13.063527","indexId":"70247386","displayToPublicDate":"2023-07-28T08:55:02","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incorporating metapopulation dynamics to inform invasive species management: Evaluating bighead and silver carp control strategies in the Illinois River","docAbstract":"1. Invasive species management can benefit from predictive models that incorporate spatially explicit demographics and dispersal to guide resource allocation decisions.
2. We used invasive bigheaded carps (Hypophthalmichthys spp.) in the Illinois River, USA as a case study to create a spatially explicit model to evaluate the allocation of future management efforts. Specifically, we compared additional harvest (e.g. near the invasion front vs. source populations) and enhanced movement deterrents to meet the management goal of reducing abundance at the invasion front.
3. We found additional harvest in lower river pools (i.e. targeting source populations) more effectively limited population sizes upriver at the invasion front compared to allocating the same harvest levels near the invasion front. Likewise, decreasing passage (i.e. lock and dam structures) at the farthest, feasible downriver location limited invasion front population size more than placing movement deterrents farther upriver.
4. Synthesis and applications. Our work highlights the benefits of adopting a multipronged approach for invasive species management, combining suppression of source populations with disrupting movement between source and sink populations thereby producing compounding benefits for control. Our results also demonstrate the importance of considering metapopulation dynamics for invasive species control programs when achieving long-term management goals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.14466","usgsCitation":"Kallis, J., Erickson, R.A., Coulter, D.P., Coulter, A.A., Brey, M.K., Catalano, M., Dettmers, J.M., Garvey, J.E., Irons, K., Marschall, E., Rose, K.A., Wildhaber, M.L., and Glover, D.C., 2023, Incorporating metapopulation dynamics to inform invasive species management: Evaluating bighead and silver carp control strategies in the Illinois River: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 60, no. 9, p. 1841-1853, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14466.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1841","endPage":"1853","ipdsId":"IP-138501","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442609,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14466","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435238,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9M6SJ7J","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Application of the SEICarP Model to the Illinois River"},{"id":419472,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","otherGeospatial":"Illinois River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.44525036936149,\n 42.16678879825997\n ],\n [\n -91.3289287905862,\n 42.16678879825997\n ],\n [\n -91.3289287905862,\n 38.89499785634001\n ],\n [\n -87.44525036936149,\n 38.89499785634001\n ],\n [\n -87.44525036936149,\n 42.16678879825997\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kallis, Jahn","contributorId":268160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kallis","given":"Jahn","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erickson, Richard A. 0000-0003-4649-482X rerickson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-482X","contributorId":5455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Richard","email":"rerickson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":879402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coulter, David P.","contributorId":205629,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coulter","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coulter, Alison A.","contributorId":90992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coulter","given":"Alison","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":26877,"text":"Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brey, Marybeth K. 0000-0003-4403-9655 mbrey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4403-9655","contributorId":187651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brey","given":"Marybeth","email":"mbrey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":879405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Catalano, Matt","contributorId":317836,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Catalano","given":"Matt","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13360,"text":"Auburn University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dettmers, John M.","contributorId":191256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettmers","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Garvey, James E.","contributorId":178007,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garvey","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Irons, Kevin","contributorId":203375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Irons","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[{"id":33955,"text":"Illinois Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Marschall, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":270538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marschall","given":"Elizabeth A.","affiliations":[{"id":36630,"text":"Ohio State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rose, Kenneth A","contributorId":147274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rose","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":16815,"text":"Dept. of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Wildhaber, Mark L. 0000-0002-6538-9083 mwildhaber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-9083","contributorId":1386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildhaber","given":"Mark","email":"mwildhaber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":879412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Glover, David C.","contributorId":178006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glover","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":879413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70242866,"text":"sir20235004 - 2023 - Hydrogeologic framework of southwestern Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-22T19:05:22.10423","indexId":"sir20235004","displayToPublicDate":"2023-07-28T08:29:03","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-5004","displayTitle":"Hydrogeologic Framework of Southwestern Louisiana","title":"Hydrogeologic framework of southwestern Louisiana","docAbstract":"A hydrogeologic framework was constructed for the Coastal Lowlands aquifer system in southwestern Louisiana. Data from previous hydrogeologic and geologic studies were synthesized and expanded using 2,242 geophysical logs to map 4 hydrogeologic units: the Chicot aquifer system, Evangeline aquifer, Jasper aquifer system, and Catahoula aquifer. Raster surfaces were created for the base and thickness of each unit to provide a generalized framework that can be used for regional groundwater studies and as a foundation for additional or local refinement.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235004","issn":"2328-0328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development, Public Works and Water Resources Division","usgsCitation":"Lindaman, M.A., 2023, Hydrogeologic framework of southwestern Louisiana (ver. 1.1, April 2026): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5004, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235004.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 31 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-122892","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503317,"rank":8,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5004/versionHist.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2023-5004 Version History"},{"id":500684,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_115145.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":416090,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9OLQLPP","text":"USGS data release—Altitudes and thicknesses of hydrogeologic units of southwestern Louisiana"},{"id":418797,"rank":4,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20235004/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2023-5004 HTML"},{"id":416089,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5004/images"},{"id":416087,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5004/sir20235004.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"SIR 2023-5004 XML"},{"id":416085,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5004/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":416086,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5004/sir20235004.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023-5004 pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.8755523969756,\n 31.15178116509101\n ],\n [\n -93.8755523969756,\n 29.54078056892797\n ],\n [\n -91.89886143926024,\n 29.54078056892797\n ],\n [\n -91.89886143926024,\n 31.15178116509101\n ],\n [\n -93.8755523969756,\n 31.15178116509101\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: 2023; Version 1.1: April 2026","contact":"Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
640 Grassmere Park, Suite 100
Nashville, TN 37211
https://www.usgs.gov/centers/lmg-water/
One of the most prominent challenges related to legacy seismic data is determining how these data can be appropriately used in modern research applications. The wide variety of instrumentation used in the analog era, the format of recording on paper wrapped around a helicorder drum, and limited metadata information introduces ambiguities that are not typical of modern digital data. Therefore, techniques must be developed to help characterize uncertainties in legacy data. This article presents an analysis that compares corecorded signals from two instruments—a Trillium Compact or Press‐Ewing (PE) seismometer for sensing ground motion and two recording systems: a modern Q330 digitizer or heated‐stylus system. Analyses of the recordings in both time and frequency domains indicate time uncertainty on the order of one second, identify a flat response in a 10–60 s band for the PE and drum recorder, and highlight how specific features of scans and paper seismograms (e.g., repeated portions of scans and line thickness) can cause timing jumps or reduced trace amplitude.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220230129","usgsCitation":"Lee, T., Ringler, A.T., Anthony, R.E., and Ishii, M., 2023, Comparison of co-recorded analog and digital systems for characterization of responses and uncertainties: Seismological Research Letters, v. 94, no. 5, p. 2301-2312, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220230129.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2301","endPage":"2312","ipdsId":"IP-154154","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420230,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Thomas A.","contributorId":328830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Thomas A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":881246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ringler, Adam T. 0000-0002-9839-4188 aringler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-4188","contributorId":3946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringler","given":"Adam","email":"aringler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anthony, Robert 0000-0001-7089-8846 reanthony@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7089-8846","contributorId":202829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Robert","email":"reanthony@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":881248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ishii, Miaki","contributorId":140929,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ishii","given":"Miaki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13619,"text":"Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":881249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70249589,"text":"70249589 - 2023 - Tree-ring derived avalanche frequency and climate associations in a high-latitude, maritime climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-18T12:09:25.06511","indexId":"70249589","displayToPublicDate":"2023-07-28T07:07:00","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6454,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research - Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tree-ring derived avalanche frequency and climate associations in a high-latitude, maritime climate","docAbstract":"Snow avalanches are a natural hazard in mountainous areas worldwide with severe impacts that include fatalities, damage to infrastructure, disruption to commerce, and landscape disturbance. Understanding long-term avalanche frequency patterns, and associated climate and weather influences, improves our understanding of how climate change may affect avalanche activity. We used dendrochronological techniques to evaluate the historical frequency of large magnitude avalanches (LMAs) in the high-latitude climate of southeast Alaska, United States. We collected 434 cross sections throughout six avalanche paths near Juneau, Alaska. This resulted in 2706 identified avalanche growth disturbances between 1720 and 2018, which allowed us to reconstruct 82 years with LMA activity across three sub-regions. By combining this tree-ring-derived avalanche data set with a suite of climate and atmospheric variables and applying a generalized linear model to fit a binomial regression, we found that February and March precipitation and the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) were significant predictors of LMA activity in the study area. Specifically, LMA activity occurred during winters with substantial February and March precipitation and neutral or negative (cold) ONI values, while years not characterized by LMAs occur more frequently during warm winters (positive ONI values). Our examination of the climate-avalanche relationship in southeast Alaska sheds light on important climate variables and physical processes associated with LMA years. These results can be used to inform long-term infrastructure planning and avalanche mitigation operations in an urban area, such as Juneau, where critical infrastructure is subject to substantial avalanche hazard.
Climate change is influencing polar bear (Ursus maritimus) habitat, diet, and behavior but the effects of these changes on their physiology is not well understood. Blood-based biomarkers are used to assess the physiologic health of individuals but their usefulness for evaluating population health, especially as it relates to changing environmental conditions, has rarely been explored. We describe links between environmental conditions and physiologic functions of southern Beaufort Sea polar bears using data from blood samples collected from 1984 to 2018, a period marked by extensive environmental change. We evaluated associations between 13 physiologic biomarkers and circumpolar (Arctic oscillation index) and regional (wind patterns and ice-free days) environmental metrics and seasonal and demographic co-variates (age, sex, season, and year) known to affect polar bear ecology. We observed signs of dysregulation of water balance in polar bears following years with a lower annual Arctic oscillation index. In addition, liver enzyme values increased over time, which is suggestive of potential hepatocyte damage as the Arctic has warmed. Biomarkers of immune function increased with regional-scale wind patterns and the number of ice-free days over the Beaufort Sea continental shelf and were lower in years with a lower winter Arctic oscillation index, suggesting an increased allocation of energetic resources for immune processes under these conditions. We propose that the variation in polar bear immune and metabolic function is likely indicative of physiologic plasticity, a response that allows polar bears to remain in homeostasis even as they experience changes in nutrition and habitat in response to changing environments.
The decline in salmon and steelhead populations in the Columbia River Basin has been well documented, as have the decades-long, $9 billion restoration spending efforts by federal and state agencies. These efforts are mainly tied to Endangered Species Act (ESA) mandates for recovery of wild, naturally-spawning threatened or endangered fish species. The impact of these efforts remains poorly understood; many observers, including the federal courts, have long been concerned by the lack of evidence of recovery. Most studies evaluating restoration efforts have examined individual projects for specific species, reaches, or life stages, which limits the ability to make broad inferences at the basin level. There is a need to ask: is there evidence of an overall increase in wild fish abundance associated with the totality of these recovery efforts? To that end, the current study estimates fixed-effects panel regression models of adult returns of four species. Results indicate that restoration spending combined with hatchery production are associated with substantial increases in returning adult fish. Evidence of benefits to wild fish alone, however, require indirect approaches given the commingling of restoration spending with spending on hatchery releases, the impacts of spending on hatchery fish survival, and the density dependence effects of hatchery releases. To accomplish this, the models’ predicted adult returns (both hatchery and wild fish) attributed to both spending and hatchery releases are compared to independent estimates of returning hatchery fish based on hatchery survival estimates (smolt-to-adult ratios). The comparison finds the model-predicted levels of adult returns due to spending and hatchery releases do not exceed the survival-rate based estimates for hatcheries alone, so that we are unable to reject the hypothesis of no benefits to wild fish from the restoration spending.
Climate change affects the behavior, physiology and life history of many Arctic wildlife species. It can also influence the distribution and ecology of infectious agents. The southern Beaufort Sea (SB) subpopulation of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) has experienced dramatic behavioral changes due to retreating sea ice and other climate-related factors, but the effects of these changes on physiology and infection remain poorly understood. Using serum from polar bears sampled between 2004 and 2015 and metagenomic DNA sequencing, we identified 48 viruses, all of the family Anelloviridae. Anelloviruses are small, ubiquitous infectious agents with circular single-stranded DNA genomes that are not known to cause disease but, in humans, covary in diversity and load with immunological compromise. We therefore examined the usefulness of anelloviruses as biomarkers of polar bear physiological stress related to climate and habitat use. Polar bear anelloviruses sorted into two distinct clades on a phylogenetic tree, both of which also contained anelloviruses of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), another ursid. Neither anellovirus diversity nor load were associated with any demographic variables, behavioral factors or direct physiological measures. However, pairwise genetic distances between anelloviruses were positively correlated with pairwise differences in sampling date, suggesting that the polar bear “anellome”is evolving over time. These findings suggest that anelloviruses are not a sensitive indicator of polar physiological stress, but they do provide a baseline for evaluating future changes to polar bear viromes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/conphys/coad054","usgsCitation":"Fry, T., Owens, L., Ketz, A.C., Atwood, T.C., Dunay, E., and Goldberg, T., 2023, Serum virome of southern Beaufort Sea polar bears (Ursus maritimus) during a period of rapid climate change: Conservation Physiology, v. 11, no. 1, coad054, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coad054.","productDescription":"coad054, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-148314","costCenters":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":442624,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coad054","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":421613,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.67764395888048,\n 72.16581366653094\n ],\n [\n -157.67764395888048,\n 69.79686987725921\n ],\n [\n -140.10047883466635,\n 69.79686987725921\n ],\n [\n -140.10047883466635,\n 72.16581366653094\n ],\n [\n -157.67764395888048,\n 72.16581366653094\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fry, Tricia","contributorId":222310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fry","given":"Tricia","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Owens, Leah","contributorId":330569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Owens","given":"Leah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12729,"text":"UW","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ketz, Alison C.","contributorId":217310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ketz","given":"Alison","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13606,"text":"CSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Atwood, Todd C. 0000-0002-1971-3110 tatwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-3110","contributorId":4368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwood","given":"Todd","email":"tatwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":885326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dunay, Emily","contributorId":330570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunay","given":"Emily","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12729,"text":"UW","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goldberg, Tony","contributorId":211788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Tony","affiliations":[{"id":38319,"text":"UW Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":885328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70247520,"text":"70247520 - 2023 - The transmission patterns of the endosymbiont Wolbachia within the Hawaiian Drosophilidae adaptive radiation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-11T13:26:41.062961","indexId":"70247520","displayToPublicDate":"2023-07-27T07:04:53","publicationYear":"2023","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5837,"text":"Genes and Genomics","onlineIssn":"2092-9293","printIssn":"1976-9571","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The transmission patterns of the endosymbiont Wolbachia within the Hawaiian Drosophilidae adaptive radiation","title":"The transmission patterns of the endosymbiont Wolbachia within the Hawaiian Drosophilidae adaptive radiation","docAbstract":"Uncovering relationships between landscape diversity and species interactions is crucial for predicting how ongoing land-use change and homogenization will impact the stability and persistence of communities. However, such connections have rarely been quantified in nature. We coupled high-resolution river sonar imaging with annualized energetic food webs to quantify relationships among habitat diversity, energy flux, and trophic interaction strengths in large-river food-web modules that support the endangered Pallid Sturgeon. Our results demonstrate a clear relationship between habitat diversity and species interaction strengths, with more diverse foraging landscapes containing higher production of prey and a greater proportion of weak and potentially stabilizing interactions. Additionally, rare patches of large and relatively stable river sediments intensified these effects and further reduced interaction strengths by increasing prey diversity. Our findings highlight the importance of landscape characteristics in promoting stabilizing food-web architectures and provide direct relevance for future management of imperilled species in a simplified and rapidly changing world.
In the Lower Missouri River, extensive channel modifications have altered hydraulic and morphologic conditions and reduced the river's ecological integrity. One species that has been adversely affected by these changes is the pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus). Mainstem dams on the Missouri River restrict the upstream migration of adults and limit the downstream dispersal of larvae. Channelization to facilitate commercial barge traffic has also simplified the river. The self-dredging navigation channel is a highly efficient conduit for transporting sand, which has resulted in diminished rearing habitat along the lower river. Recently, a series of experimental projects was implemented to reengineer selected bends of the Lower Missouri River with the goal of increasing the interception and retention of passively drifting age-0 sturgeon into habitats more conducive to rearing. Here, we evaluate the hydraulic performance of one of these rehabilitation projects to gain insight on the implications of these interventions for age-0 pallid sturgeon dispersal. We conducted a dye-trace experiment and complementary hydraulic and particle-tracking modeling to examine the spatial and temporal patterns of passive dispersal in and around the rehabilitated study reach. Results from both the dye-trace experiment and particle-tracking model highlight the presence of several interception pathways from the navigation channel into more suitable rearing habitat on channel margins. Moreover, our results indicate that residence times within the rearing habitat are increased in comparison to the main channel. Although we cannot provide biological evaluation at this time to assess whether the rehabilitated study bend intercepts passively drifting age-0 pallid sturgeon, our analysis shows that hydraulic conditions within the rehabilitated bend would favor interception and retention of passively drifting particles (or, presumably, larvae) from the navigation channel and into slower moving, shallow-water habitat. Moreover, our particle-tracking model provides a new capability to explore important biological transport processes across a range of flows, organisms, and river environments.