{"pageNumber":"254","pageRowStart":"6325","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10462,"records":[{"id":70045822,"text":"70045822 - 2005 - Mineral of the month: aluminum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-07T10:09:43","indexId":"70045822","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1829,"text":"Geotimes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral of the month: aluminum","docAbstract":"Aluminum is the second most abundant metallic element in Earth’s crust after silicon. Even so, it is a comparatively new industrial metal that has been produced in commercial quantities for little more than 100 years. Aluminum is lightweight, ductile, malleable and corrosion resistant, and is a good conductor of heat and electricity. Weighing about one-third as much as steel or copper per unit of volume, aluminum is used more than any other metal except iron. Aluminum can be fabricated into desired forms and shapes by every major metalworking technique to add to its versatility.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geotimes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"AGI","usgsCitation":"Plunkert, P.A., 2005, Mineral of the month: aluminum: Geotimes, v. 2005, no. December, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271920,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":271918,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.geotimes.org/dec05/resources.html#mineral"}],"volume":"2005","issue":"December","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"518a2269e4b061e1bd5333a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plunkert, Patricia A.","contributorId":34593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plunkert","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70170365,"text":"70170365 - 2005 - Bait stations, hard mast, and black bear population growth in Great Smoky Mountains National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-15T14:32:38","indexId":"70170365","displayToPublicDate":"2010-12-10T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bait stations, hard mast, and black bear population growth in Great Smoky Mountains National Park","docAbstract":"<p><span>Bait-station surveys are used by wildlife managers as an index to American black bear (</span><i>Ursus americanus</i><span>) population abundance, but the relationship is not well established. Hard mast surveys are similarly used to assess annual black bear food availability which may affect mortality and natality rates. We used data collected in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) from 1989 to 2003 to determine whether changes in the bait-station index (&Delta;BSI) were associated with estimated rates of bear population growth (&lambda;) and whether hard mast production was related to bear visitation to baits. We also evaluated whether hard mast production from previous years was related to &lambda;. Estimates of &lambda;&nbsp;were based on analysis of capture-recapture data with the Pradel temporal symmetry estimator. Using the Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC), our analysis revealed no direct relationship between &Delta;BSI and &lambda;. A simulation analysis indicated that our data were adequate to detect a relationship had one existed. Model fit was marginally improved when we added total oak mast production of the previous year as an interaction term suggesting that the BSI was confounded with environmental variables. Consequently the utility of the bait-station survey as a population monitoring technique is questionable at the spatial and temporal scales we studied. Mast survey data, however, were valuable covariates of &lambda;. Population growth for a given year was negatively related to oak mast production 4 and 5 years prior. That finding supported our hypothesis that mast failures can trigger reproductive synchrony, which may not be evident from the trapped sample until years later.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1633:BSHMAB]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Clark, J.D., van Manen, F.T., and Pelton, M.R., 2005, Bait stations, hard mast, and black bear population growth in Great Smoky Mountains National Park: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 69, no. 4, p. 1633-1640, https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541X(2005)69[1633:BSHMAB]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1633","endPage":"1640","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320173,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Great Smoky Mountains National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.17886352539062,\n              35.81001773806242\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.15139770507811,\n              35.807790334456776\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.10745239257812,\n              35.78662688467009\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.067626953125,\n              35.74316846139925\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.03329467773438,\n              35.69634053686432\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.01956176757811,\n              35.65060102359122\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.0291748046875,\n              35.60148556537354\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.06488037109375,\n              35.55457449014312\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.0950927734375,\n              35.529991058953534\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.18435668945312,\n              35.49198366469642\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.37661743164062,\n              35.44612729642443\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.45489501953125,\n              35.42374884923695\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.53591918945312,\n              35.4159149234562\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.68148803710936,\n              35.40360292969232\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.80783081054688,\n              35.41703410234845\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.89022827148438,\n              35.43605776486772\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.95889282226562,\n              35.47632833265731\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.00146484374999,\n              35.50651802802079\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.0179443359375,\n              35.5478706653327\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.01931762695312,\n              35.60371874069731\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.97537231445312,\n              35.65729624809628\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.91769409179688,\n              35.68518697509636\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.87237548828125,\n              35.7019167328534\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.82431030273438,\n              35.69522525087309\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.79547119140625,\n              35.66510663398735\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.7652587890625,\n              35.655064568953875\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.73367309570312,\n              35.67737855391475\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.69659423828125,\n              35.711952902907186\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.61968994140624,\n              35.721987809328716\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.551025390625,\n              35.73425097869431\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.48648071289061,\n              35.75431391021905\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.40408325195312,\n              35.766572101173516\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.36837768554688,\n              35.80110774881785\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.30245971679688,\n              35.821153818963175\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.21319580078125,\n              35.827834717743585\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.17886352539062,\n              35.81001773806242\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"69","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571756afe4b0ef3b7caa5faa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Joseph D. 0000-0002-8547-8112 jclark1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-8112","contributorId":2265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph","email":"jclark1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Manen, Frank T. 0000-0001-5340-8489 fvanmanen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5340-8489","contributorId":2267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Manen","given":"Frank","email":"fvanmanen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pelton, Michael R.","contributorId":168689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pelton","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7006,"text":"Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224605,"text":"5224605 - 2005 - Modeling anuran detection and site occupancy on North American Amphibian Monitoring Program (NAAMP) routes in Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-24T14:52:15.18942","indexId":"5224605","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:51","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling anuran detection and site occupancy on North American Amphibian Monitoring Program (NAAMP) routes in Maryland","docAbstract":"<p><span>One of the most fundamental problems in monitoring animal populations is that of imperfect detection. Although imperfect detection can be modeled, studies examining patterns in occurrence often ignore detection and thus fail to properly partition variation in detection from that of occurrence. In this study, we used anuran calling survey data collected on North American Amphibian Monitoring Program routes in eastern Maryland to investigate factors that influence detection probability and site occupancy for 10 anuran species. In 2002, 17 calling survey routes in eastern Maryland were surveyed to collect environmental and species data nine or more times. To analyze these data, we developed models incorporating detection probability and site occupancy. The results suggest that, for more than half of the 10 species, detection probabilities vary most with season (i.e., day-of-year), air temperature, time, and moon illumination, whereas site occupancy may vary by the amount of palustrine forested wetland habitat. Our results suggest anuran calling surveys should document air temperature, time of night, moon illumination, observer skill, and habitat change over time, as these factors can be important to model-adjusted estimates of site occupancy. Our study represents the first formal modeling effort aimed at developing an analytic assessment framework for NAAMP calling survey data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.1670/0022-1511(2005)039[0627:MADASO]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Weir, L., Royle, J., Nanjappa, P., and Jung, R.E., 2005, Modeling anuran detection and site occupancy on North American Amphibian Monitoring Program (NAAMP) routes in Maryland: Journal of Herpetology, v. 39, no. 4, p. 627-639, https://doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511(2005)039[0627:MADASO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"627","endPage":"639","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-76.048373,38.12055],[-76.061,38.127002],[-76.089018,38.115287],[-76.095548,38.125123],[-76.089017,38.141033],[-76.092334,38.151355],[-76.088639,38.192649],[-76.07147,38.203502],[-76.050511,38.203714],[-76.02217,38.177882],[-76.021941,38.171976],[-76.032767,38.169154],[-76.034038,38.157902],[-76.022515,38.133453],[-76.012487,38.131731],[-76.011916,38.122214],[-76.020496,38.117044],[-76.021305,38.108608],[-76.008168,38.095385],[-76.005904,38.07717],[-76.011544,38.072312],[-76.0233,38.07076],[-76.036676,38.076509],[-76.05831,38.094906],[-76.050156,38.107758],[-76.03962,38.11199],[-76.048373,38.12055]]],[[[-76.022325,37.953878],[-76.045561,37.953669],[-76.049608,37.983628],[-76.048617,38.014843],[-76.041668,38.032148],[-76.013128,38.039762],[-75.991846,38.025497],[-75.973432,38.018841],[-75.970345,38.008222],[-75.98502,38.001855],[-75.99473,37.974694],[-75.988879,37.960337],[-75.993905,37.953489],[-76.022325,37.953878]]],[[[-77.042045,38.720202],[-77.040098,38.789913],[-76.910795,38.891712],[-77.040999,38.99511],[-77.1199,38.934311],[-77.146601,38.96421],[-77.221502,38.97131],[-77.228395,38.978404],[-77.231601,38.979917],[-77.234803,38.97631],[-77.249803,38.985909],[-77.248303,38.992309],[-77.255703,39.002409],[-77.244603,39.020109],[-77.246003,39.024909],[-77.274706,39.034091],[-77.293105,39.046508],[-77.340287,39.062991],[-77.38568,39.061987],[-77.46145,39.075151],[-77.4858,39.109303],[-77.519929,39.120925],[-77.524559,39.127821],[-77.527282,39.146236],[-77.510631,39.178484],[-77.478596,39.189168],[-77.47361,39.208407],[-77.457943,39.222023],[-77.46021,39.228359],[-77.486813,39.247586],[-77.540581,39.264947],[-77.560854,39.286152],[-77.561826,39.301913],[-77.566596,39.306121],[-77.592739,39.30129],[-77.615939,39.302722],[-77.650997,39.310784],[-77.675846,39.324192],[-77.692984,39.31845],[-77.727379,39.321666],[-77.759615,39.337331],[-77.759315,39.345314],[-77.74593,39.353221],[-77.743874,39.359947],[-77.753389,39.382094],[-77.738084,39.386211],[-77.735905,39.389665],[-77.740012,39.401694],[-77.75872,39.42681],[-77.792751,39.430593],[-77.802866,39.439285],[-77.786052,39.444224],[-77.798144,39.455981],[-77.798468,39.46067],[-77.777815,39.461924],[-77.795634,39.471259],[-77.797787,39.47876],[-77.769125,39.490281],[-77.765993,39.495724],[-77.781608,39.499067],[-77.791765,39.490789],[-77.80183,39.489395],[-77.845666,39.498628],[-77.845103,39.505845],[-77.82565,39.516895],[-77.825357,39.529177],[-77.836935,39.53217],[-77.84192,39.51847],[-77.86368,39.515032],[-77.866518,39.520039],[-77.865351,39.538381],[-77.888945,39.55595],[-77.878451,39.563493],[-77.83633,39.56637],[-77.829753,39.59105],[-77.831813,39.601105],[-77.838008,39.606125],[-77.885124,39.615775],[-77.886959,39.613329],[-77.880993,39.602852],[-77.888477,39.597343],[-77.923298,39.604852],[-77.932862,39.617676],[-77.94194,39.61879],[-77.944622,39.616772],[-77.93545,39.608076],[-77.936371,39.594508],[-77.93905,39.587139],[-77.946182,39.584814],[-77.951955,39.592709],[-77.950599,39.603944],[-77.957642,39.608614],[-77.966223,39.607435],[-77.976686,39.599744],[-78.009985,39.602893],[-78.035992,39.63572],[-78.08226,39.671166],[-78.088592,39.671211],[-78.107834,39.682137],[-78.176625,39.695967],[-78.191107,39.690262],[-78.201081,39.677866],[-78.231564,39.674382],[-78.233012,39.670471],[-78.223864,39.662607],[-78.225075,39.658878],[-78.254077,39.640089],[-78.262189,39.630464],[-78.265088,39.619274],[-78.283039,39.62047],[-78.355218,39.640576],[-78.358735,39.635589],[-78.353878,39.627722],[-78.358343,39.625581],[-78.380504,39.629359],[-78.382959,39.622246],[-78.372404,39.612297],[-78.378181,39.608178],[-78.420549,39.624021],[-78.43025,39.62329],[-78.433002,39.61652],[-78.425581,39.607599],[-78.397471,39.590232],[-78.395317,39.584215],[-78.408031,39.578593],[-78.443175,39.591155],[-78.457187,39.587379],[-78.458338,39.580426],[-78.454376,39.574319],[-78.426537,39.559155],[-78.418777,39.548953],[-78.424053,39.546315],[-78.433828,39.548953],[-78.436378,39.539302],[-78.449499,39.542281],[-78.45105,39.536695],[-78.461911,39.532971],[-78.462899,39.52084],[-78.468639,39.516789],[-78.5032,39.518652],[-78.521388,39.52479],[-78.565929,39.519444],[-78.587079,39.52802],[-78.595603,39.535483],[-78.600511,39.533434],[-78.623037,39.539512],[-78.655984,39.534695],[-78.675629,39.540371],[-78.689455,39.54577],[-78.694626,39.553251],[-78.72501,39.563973],[-78.733979,39.586618],[-78.746421,39.579544],[-78.760196,39.582154],[-78.778141,39.601364],[-78.77686,39.604027],[-78.760497,39.609984],[-78.751514,39.609947],[-78.747063,39.60569],[-78.733759,39.613931],[-78.736189,39.621708],[-78.748499,39.626262],[-78.763171,39.618897],[-78.777516,39.621712],[-78.76584,39.648487],[-78.775241,39.645687],[-78.781341,39.636787],[-78.795941,39.637287],[-78.801741,39.627488],[-78.795857,39.606934],[-78.809347,39.608063],[-78.812215,39.597717],[-78.818899,39.59037],[-78.824788,39.590233],[-78.82636,39.577333],[-78.815114,39.571351],[-78.816764,39.561691],[-78.838553,39.5673],[-78.851196,39.559924],[-78.851016,39.554044],[-78.874744,39.522611],[-78.885996,39.522581],[-78.891197,39.5189],[-78.916488,39.486544],[-78.933613,39.48618],[-78.942293,39.480987],[-78.939164,39.475267],[-78.941969,39.469959],[-78.953333,39.463645],[-78.955483,39.442277],[-78.965484,39.438455],[-78.978826,39.448678],[-79.017147,39.466977],[-79.028159,39.46506],[-79.046276,39.483801],[-79.05388,39.480094],[-79.056583,39.471014],[-79.068627,39.474515],[-79.098059,39.472073],[-79.095428,39.462548],[-79.104217,39.448358],[-79.116369,39.440482],[-79.117932,39.434412],[-79.129047,39.429542],[-79.129816,39.419901],[-79.140699,39.416649],[-79.145453,39.407767],[-79.16134,39.411895],[-79.16722,39.393256],[-79.197937,39.386132],[-79.213961,39.36532],[-79.25227,39.356663],[-79.253891,39.337222],[-79.282037,39.323048],[-79.283723,39.30964],[-79.290236,39.299323],[-79.314768,39.304381],[-79.33238,39.299919],[-79.344344,39.293534],[-79.343625,39.287148],[-79.35375,39.278039],[-79.376154,39.273154],[-79.387023,39.26554],[-79.412051,39.240546],[-79.42035,39.23888],[-79.425059,39.233686],[-79.424413,39.228171],[-79.43983,39.217074],[-79.476037,39.203728],[-79.486862,39.205959],[-79.476662,39.721078],[-75.788359,39.721811],[-75.78745,39.637455],[-75.693521,38.460128],[-75.394786,38.45216],[-75.049268,38.451264],[-75.049365,38.448518],[-75.06137,38.389466],[-75.085171,38.325096],[-75.092142,38.323252],[-75.102947,38.311525],[-75.192925,38.097819],[-75.241817,38.027802],[-75.624341,37.994211],[-75.633833,37.984519],[-75.628855,37.977798],[-75.630992,37.975667],[-75.638221,37.979397],[-75.648229,37.966775],[-75.647606,37.947027],[-75.655681,37.945435],[-75.669711,37.950796],[-75.663095,37.961195],[-75.671681,37.966576],[-75.71315,37.976623],[-75.737514,37.963705],[-75.759091,37.970663],[-75.783444,37.972565],[-75.843768,37.927297],[-75.860727,37.91831],[-75.885032,37.911717],[-75.898316,37.925114],[-75.894065,37.93079],[-75.890871,37.954847],[-75.898956,37.974514],[-75.875297,38.011965],[-75.87319,38.034375],[-75.858891,38.03839],[-75.847922,38.03437],[-75.830023,38.042845],[-75.812913,38.058932],[-75.819415,38.066606],[-75.844265,38.072272],[-75.858944,38.067323],[-75.859005,38.060717],[-75.871503,38.05887],[-75.880515,38.075011],[-75.86381,38.100968],[-75.837563,38.113753],[-75.827993,38.132803],[-75.843862,38.144599],[-75.868636,38.134381],[-75.900355,38.14115],[-75.936773,38.124355],[-75.936663,38.109956],[-75.945297,38.113091],[-75.958786,38.135572],[-75.947534,38.168274],[-75.951812,38.176053],[-75.942375,38.187066],[-75.888073,38.203813],[-75.878293,38.198407],[-75.864104,38.200858],[-75.848473,38.20934],[-75.851396,38.226432],[-75.87031,38.243425],[-75.887409,38.24208],[-75.885676,38.231006],[-75.894583,38.228439],[-75.90845,38.246648],[-75.911143,38.257951],[-75.938577,38.272329],[-75.954483,38.264366],[-75.954582,38.254108],[-75.940697,38.246902],[-75.946414,38.23889],[-75.970514,38.233668],[-75.964528,38.240692],[-75.963453,38.251793],[-75.984274,38.265155],[-75.990385,38.282915],[-76.007118,38.303994],[-76.016291,38.307206],[-76.009377,38.311997],[-75.983186,38.314952],[-75.964237,38.324285],[-75.961948,38.341431],[-75.973876,38.36585],[-76.001839,38.374343],[-76.004946,38.372045],[-76.011869,38.360582],[-76.010437,38.352504],[-76.016682,38.332429],[-76.041431,38.322163],[-76.049609,38.309348],[-76.05022,38.304101],[-76.030532,38.28796],[-76.028234,38.282035],[-76.043927,38.249712],[-76.032044,38.216684],[-76.05801,38.227079],[-76.069502,38.238455],[-76.074491,38.251148],[-76.09972,38.253647],[-76.107592,38.262525],[-76.102549,38.277153],[-76.111296,38.286946],[-76.137238,38.281648],[-76.166154,38.290431],[-76.180115,38.277019],[-76.175783,38.261551],[-76.164388,38.250061],[-76.146297,38.249678],[-76.126623,38.242949],[-76.125856,38.23888],[-76.131332,38.23288],[-76.151035,38.234215],[-76.17335,38.247037],[-76.188644,38.267434],[-76.190531,38.277139],[-76.211446,38.302656],[-76.226376,38.309988],[-76.243897,38.310313],[-76.258189,38.318373],[-76.266602,38.339502],[-76.264186,38.346436],[-76.259286,38.341619],[-76.238452,38.347986],[-76.23901,38.350738],[-76.249666,38.364214],[-76.273003,38.366483],[-76.281697,38.39147],[-76.28302,38.413512],[-76.331383,38.473323],[-76.33636,38.492235],[-76.327257,38.500121],[-76.318054,38.498199],[-76.289507,38.503906],[-76.263968,38.503452],[-76.247894,38.523019],[-76.244396,38.536966],[-76.253624,38.539393],[-76.278106,38.532468],[-76.281047,38.53613],[-76.275913,38.548809],[-76.27964,38.557231],[-76.289017,38.567982],[-76.308321,38.571769],[-76.273496,38.59139],[-76.268633,38.597753],[-76.279589,38.60952],[-76.271827,38.615661],[-76.264155,38.615109],[-76.23665,38.628598],[-76.231187,38.61401],[-76.212427,38.606738],[-76.174969,38.628791],[-76.160148,38.625452],[-76.147158,38.63684],[-76.154889,38.656268],[-76.174611,38.672811],[-76.199722,38.671127],[-76.212808,38.681892],[-76.237818,38.711762],[-76.238685,38.735434],[-76.255093,38.736476],[-76.270277,38.724385],[-76.271553,38.713576],[-76.275015,38.712714],[-76.298499,38.718005],[-76.298186,38.726255],[-76.316146,38.729586],[-76.330149,38.714682],[-76.333532,38.705063],[-76.321865,38.689512],[-76.322418,38.679304],[-76.33861,38.672023],[-76.34322,38.67688],[-76.347998,38.686234],[-76.340543,38.730338],[-76.341288,38.751505],[-76.334619,38.772911],[-76.323768,38.779287],[-76.310743,38.795996],[-76.308922,38.813346],[-76.301886,38.824595],[-76.277854,38.831256],[-76.271575,38.851771],[-76.264221,38.851572],[-76.265759,38.847638],[-76.250364,38.825438],[-76.221162,38.813052],[-76.198138,38.81444],[-76.19109,38.82966],[-76.202598,38.862616],[-76.200082,38.882885],[-76.205063,38.892726],[-76.203638,38.928382],[-76.213731,38.937269],[-76.232038,38.942518],[-76.250157,38.938667],[-76.249163,38.9218],[-76.255819,38.919008],[-76.262226,38.919976],[-76.273022,38.94184],[-76.29558,38.928855],[-76.299431,38.918542],[-76.293255,38.902582],[-76.308425,38.898404],[-76.317947,38.911312],[-76.336104,38.905977],[-76.338501,38.892474],[-76.331103,38.864686],[-76.340587,38.85574],[-76.348826,38.857134],[-76.35996,38.852586],[-76.368164,38.836194],[-76.375086,38.839474],[-76.376031,38.848777],[-76.364678,38.873831],[-76.365658,38.907477],[-76.361727,38.939175],[-76.353828,38.957234],[-76.323293,38.998767],[-76.320277,39.022998],[-76.311766,39.035257],[-76.302029,39.039571],[-76.302846,39.025828],[-76.29409,39.004263],[-76.278058,38.983246],[-76.258813,38.983664],[-76.229993,38.977728],[-76.218929,38.970538],[-76.20236,38.973079],[-76.164004,38.99953],[-76.163616,39.010057],[-76.184207,39.046264],[-76.175284,39.058805],[-76.15896,39.065486],[-76.145174,39.092824],[-76.183908,39.096344],[-76.203333,39.085654],[-76.212563,39.041641],[-76.208502,39.024818],[-76.200666,39.01452],[-76.209114,39.01001],[-76.231765,39.018518],[-76.242687,39.028926],[-76.231212,39.060769],[-76.233457,39.091385],[-76.260343,39.142722],[-76.278527,39.145764],[-76.274741,39.164961],[-76.251032,39.199214],[-76.219338,39.261997],[-76.211306,39.269761],[-76.203031,39.269871],[-76.181496,39.291797],[-76.176804,39.306229],[-76.186024,39.312462],[-76.186001,39.317814],[-76.170588,39.331954],[-76.159673,39.335909],[-76.145524,39.334399],[-76.133225,39.340491],[-76.136971,39.344414],[-76.13495,39.35107],[-76.116698,39.360744],[-76.110598,39.372119],[-76.049846,39.370644],[-76.02299,39.361896],[-76.002408,39.367501],[-76.002514,39.384805],[-76.035464,39.386176],[-76.040854,39.393594],[-76.035298,39.401609],[-76.00688,39.414527],[-75.996697,39.430549],[-75.982585,39.435287],[-75.976698,39.44569],[-75.990005,39.458646],[-75.998276,39.457182],[-76.002497,39.450231],[-76.009071,39.449256],[-76.01188,39.452524],[-75.99657,39.476658],[-75.986298,39.510398],[-75.976105,39.529876],[-75.966955,39.53865],[-75.970337,39.557637],[-75.992633,39.563098],[-75.999669,39.560488],[-76.006213,39.550546],[-76.063379,39.546638],[-76.096072,39.536912],[-76.116831,39.496882],[-76.11461,39.488619],[-76.100218,39.476918],[-76.073119,39.475331],[-76.060988,39.447775],[-76.081176,39.436712],[-76.102232,39.435659],[-76.146373,39.40531],[-76.157108,39.406176],[-76.171134,39.392588],[-76.180057,39.377638],[-76.226976,39.349908],[-76.243377,39.361808],[-76.266365,39.353352],[-76.253928,39.336768],[-76.262008,39.334708],[-76.276078,39.322908],[-76.281578,39.302108],[-76.296546,39.302383],[-76.291078,39.318108],[-76.298778,39.329208],[-76.295678,39.350008],[-76.322687,39.357092],[-76.341443,39.354217],[-76.334401,39.335222],[-76.338898,39.325783],[-76.327579,39.314108],[-76.339817,39.304216],[-76.355495,39.312155],[-76.36439,39.31184],[-76.380662,39.299161],[-76.384901,39.275928],[-76.395136,39.269293],[-76.402047,39.258783],[-76.386937,39.249216],[-76.38138,39.249508],[-76.38438,39.242708],[-76.393626,39.232012],[-76.41762,39.219838],[-76.425281,39.205708],[-76.441411,39.196049],[-76.46156,39.204947],[-76.488883,39.202208],[-76.497977,39.204697],[-76.519804,39.222946],[-76.535885,39.211008],[-76.533103,39.20763],[-76.534185,39.190608],[-76.525785,39.177908],[-76.508384,39.169408],[-76.500926,39.161286],[-76.484023,39.164407],[-76.475983,39.161109],[-76.471483,39.154709],[-76.428681,39.131709],[-76.432481,39.126709],[-76.432981,39.113209],[-76.42186,39.081442],[-76.423081,39.07421],[-76.438845,39.0529],[-76.405081,39.033211],[-76.394699,39.0132],[-76.421535,38.989524],[-76.448928,38.982823],[-76.454581,38.974512],[-76.474198,38.972647],[-76.471281,38.956512],[-76.451695,38.94249],[-76.46188,38.924013],[-76.459479,38.907113],[-76.46938,38.907613],[-76.46948,38.911513],[-76.475761,38.914469],[-76.49368,38.910013],[-76.49068,38.884814],[-76.519442,38.863135],[-76.516944,38.851157],[-76.509285,38.848388],[-76.496579,38.853115],[-76.489878,38.838715],[-76.509314,38.802328],[-76.525531,38.794043],[-76.535207,38.778298],[-76.559697,38.767443],[-76.557535,38.744687],[-76.544561,38.727784],[-76.52718,38.727062],[-76.532409,38.680064],[-76.525007,38.647568],[-76.511278,38.615745],[-76.51634,38.590229],[-76.517506,38.539149],[-76.506023,38.50461],[-76.492699,38.482849],[-76.455799,38.451233],[-76.450937,38.442422],[-76.415384,38.414682],[-76.40271,38.396003],[-76.388348,38.387781],[-76.386229,38.382013],[-76.387408,38.360811],[-76.40494,38.341089],[-76.409291,38.325891],[-76.402894,38.311402],[-76.382163,38.303389],[-76.374517,38.296556],[-76.394171,38.278233],[-76.399313,38.259398],[-76.385244,38.217751],[-76.353799,38.178606],[-76.329711,38.15519],[-76.320492,38.138966],[-76.337342,38.120696],[-76.329165,38.071247],[-76.319476,38.043315],[-76.321499,38.03805],[-76.332812,38.049938],[-76.350656,38.053277],[-76.361237,38.059542],[-76.370845,38.077771],[-76.393121,38.103142],[-76.405368,38.106974],[-76.421066,38.105989],[-76.439841,38.138933],[-76.459236,38.139471],[-76.469798,38.119264],[-76.46533,38.10583],[-76.473266,38.103035],[-76.501258,38.137744],[-76.514824,38.141219],[-76.52899,38.134708],[-76.54038,38.152991],[-76.552957,38.187209],[-76.588683,38.21295],[-76.673462,38.234401],[-76.740055,38.235227],[-76.752017,38.222409],[-76.778625,38.22847],[-76.79659,38.236531],[-76.811647,38.250129],[-76.805949,38.252275],[-76.802347,38.280743],[-76.824834,38.30113],[-76.845846,38.297783],[-76.846221,38.29196],[-76.841703,38.289768],[-76.834908,38.274299],[-76.842038,38.254657],[-76.864292,38.268945],[-76.920778,38.291529],[-76.922161,38.311086],[-76.929554,38.321088],[-76.975092,38.347067],[-76.983582,38.362999],[-76.98828,38.394975],[-77.016371,38.445572],[-77.042879,38.443607],[-77.074174,38.425479],[-77.091073,38.407546],[-77.106571,38.406237],[-77.123325,38.410646],[-77.128872,38.399692],[-77.139968,38.390102],[-77.184917,38.366559],[-77.205009,38.360511],[-77.216729,38.363159],[-77.250172,38.382781],[-77.264238,38.414282],[-77.259962,38.435821],[-77.274021,38.481127],[-77.263599,38.512344],[-77.237724,38.55187],[-77.221117,38.555217],[-77.183767,38.600699],[-77.169968,38.60674],[-77.148651,38.6056],[-77.12463,38.619778],[-77.135901,38.649817],[-77.132501,38.673816],[-77.122001,38.685816],[-77.079499,38.709515],[-77.053199,38.709915],[-77.042045,38.720202]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Maryland\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"39","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6999cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weir, Linda lweir@usgs.gov","contributorId":174278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weir","given":"Linda","email":"lweir@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":342052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nanjappa, Priya","contributorId":84272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nanjappa","given":"Priya","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jung, Robin E.","contributorId":22434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jung","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5224603,"text":"5224603 - 2005 - Efficacy of selected coccidiostats in sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) following challenge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-26T15:54:47.465194","indexId":"5224603","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:51","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2514,"text":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Efficacy of selected coccidiostats in sandhill cranes (<i>Grus canadensis</i>) following challenge","title":"Efficacy of selected coccidiostats in sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) following challenge","docAbstract":"<p><span>The anticoccidial efficacy of amprolium, clazuril, and monensin were studied in sandhill cranes (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Grus canadensis</span></i><span>) infected with a mixture of&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Eimeria</span></i><span>&nbsp;spp. oocysts. Five groups of four 1-day-old sandhill crane chicks were maintained on a crumbled ration containing no coccidiostat, amprolium at 2.2 ppm, clazuril at 1.1 ppm, clazuril at 5.5 ppm, or monensin at 99 ppm. After 2 wk on their respective feeding regimens, birds in each of the five groups were administered 25 × 10</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;pooled sporulated&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Eimeria</span></i><span>&nbsp;spp. oocysts per os and observed for another 3 wk. A sixth group of four chicks served as nonmedicated, nonchallenged control during the study. Clinical signs and lesions consistent with disseminated visceral coccidiosis were observed in all challenged controls and birds fed amprolium and clazuril. Birds in these groups died 9–10 days after challenge. In contrast, only one monensin-medicated bird had clinical signs of disseminated visceral coccidiosis, and it died 13 days after challenge (DAC). This and an asymptomatic bird that were necropsied at study termination had less-severe gross and microscopic lesions of disseminated visceral coccidiosis. Two of three monensin-treated birds that survived challenge passed from 50 to 500 coccidial oocysts 11 to 18 DAC but were negative at study termination. Of the coccidiostats tested, monensin, at the dietary level of 99 ppm, was the only anticoccidial drug that provided protection against experimentally induced disseminated visceral coccidiosis in sandhill cranes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","doi":"10.1638/02-051.1","usgsCitation":"Carpenter, J.W., Novilla, M.N., and Hatfield, J., 2005, Efficacy of selected coccidiostats in sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) following challenge: Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v. 36, no. 3, p. 391-400, https://doi.org/10.1638/02-051.1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"391","endPage":"400","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201786,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af2e4b07f02db691877","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carpenter, James W.","contributorId":91518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":342049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Novilla, Meliton N.","contributorId":74903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Novilla","given":"Meliton","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hatfield, Jeffrey 0000-0002-6517-2925 jhatfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6517-2925","contributorId":139261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jhatfield@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":342048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224593,"text":"5224593 - 2005 - Phylogeography of the American woodcock (<i>Scolopax minor</i>): Are management units based on band recovery data reflected in genetically based management units?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T13:25:56","indexId":"5224593","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:50","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phylogeography of the American woodcock (<i>Scolopax minor</i>): Are management units based on band recovery data reflected in genetically based management units?","docAbstract":"<p><span>Information on population connectivity throughout the annual cycle has become more crucial, because populations of many migratory birds are in decline. One such species is the American Woodcock (</span><i>Scolopax minor</i><span>), which inhabits early-successional forests in eastern North America. Although band recoveries have proved useful for dividing populations of this game bird species into an Eastern Region and Central Region for management purposes, these data do not provide enough detail to determine the breeding population of origin of birds recovered on stopover and wintering areas. To obtain more fine-scale data, we undertook a phylogeographic study of American Woodcock populations throughout their primary breeding range in the eastern United States and Canada using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from the hypervariable control region I (CRI) and ND6 gene. Despite high haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity was low and there was no phylogeographic structure among American Woodcock populations across the species range, with birds from many states and provinces in both management regions sharing identical haplotypes. Results suggest recent or ongoing gene flow among populations, with asymmetric movement of birds between migration flyways. As has been demonstrated for several other avian species in North America, American Woodcock appear to have undergone a rapid population expansion following the late Pleistocene glacial retreat. Thus, a combination of historical demographic factors and recent or ongoing gene flow mask any population structure based on mtDNA that might accrue from philopatry to breeding areas observed in studies of marked birds.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[1149:POTAWS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Rhymer, J., McAuley, D., and Ziel, H., 2005, Phylogeography of the American woodcock (<i>Scolopax minor</i>): Are management units based on band recovery data reflected in genetically based management units?: The Auk, v. 122, no. 4, p. 1149-1160, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[1149:POTAWS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1149","endPage":"1160","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477615,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[1149:potaws]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":202285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685cda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rhymer, J.M.","contributorId":87092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhymer","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McAuley, D.G. 0000-0003-3674-6392","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3674-6392","contributorId":15296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAuley","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ziel, H.L.","contributorId":74112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziel","given":"H.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":342023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224501,"text":"5224501 - 2005 - Skeletal morphology of the forefoot in shrews (Mammalia: Soricidae) of the genus Cryptotis, as revealed by digital x-rays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-24T15:44:45.544999","indexId":"5224501","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:49","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2394,"text":"Journal of Morphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Skeletal morphology of the forefoot in shrews (Mammalia: Soricidae) of the genus <i>Cryptotis</i>, as revealed by digital x-rays","title":"Skeletal morphology of the forefoot in shrews (Mammalia: Soricidae) of the genus Cryptotis, as revealed by digital x-rays","docAbstract":"<p><span>Variation in the forefoot skeleton of small-eared shrews (family Soricidae, genus&nbsp;</span><i>Cryptotis</i><span>) has been previously documented, but the paucity of available skeletons for most taxa makes assessment of the degrees of intraspecific and interspecific variation difficult. We used a digital X-ray system to extract images of the forefoot skeleton from 101 dried skins of eight taxa (seven species, including two subspecies of one species) of these shrews. Lengths and widths of each of the four bones of digit III were measured directly from the digital images, and we used these data to quantify variation within and among taxa. Analysis of the images and measurements showed that interspecific variation exceeds intraspecific variation. In fact, most taxa could be distinguished in multivariate and some bivariate plots. Our quantitative data helped us define a number of specific forefoot characters that we subsequently used to hypothesize evolutionary relationships among the taxa using the exhaustive search option in PAUP, a computer program for phylogenetic analysis. The resulting trees generally concur with previously published evolutionary hypotheses for small-eared shrews.&nbsp;</span><i>Cryptotis meridensis</i><span>, a taxon not previously examined in recent phylogenies, is rooted at the base of the branch leading to the&nbsp;</span><i>C. mexicana</i><span>&nbsp;group of species. The position of this species suggests that the mostly South American&nbsp;</span><i>C. thomasi</i><span>&nbsp;group shares an early ancestor with the&nbsp;</span><i>C. mexicana</i><span>&nbsp;group.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jmor.10367","usgsCitation":"Woodman, N., and Morgan, J.P., 2005, Skeletal morphology of the forefoot in shrews (Mammalia: Soricidae) of the genus Cryptotis, as revealed by digital x-rays: Journal of Morphology, v. 266, p. 60-73, https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10367.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"266","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5eea72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodman, Neal 0000-0003-2689-7373","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-7373","contributorId":221249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodman","given":"Neal","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":341898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, J. P. J.","contributorId":97605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morgan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5224502,"text":"5224502 - 2005 - Fossil shrews from Honduras and their significance for late glacial evolution in body size (Mammalia: Soricidae: Cryptotis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-29T15:59:08.574934","indexId":"5224502","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:49","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1635,"text":"Fieldiana Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Fossil shrews from Honduras and their significance for late glacial evolution in body size (Mammalia: Soricidae: <i>Cryptotis</i>)","title":"Fossil shrews from Honduras and their significance for late glacial evolution in body size (Mammalia: Soricidae: Cryptotis)","docAbstract":"<p id=\"ID0EF\" class=\"first\">Our study of mammalian remains excavated in the 1940s from McGrew Cave, north of Copán, Honduras, yielded an assemblage of 29 taxa that probably accumulated predominantly as the result of predation by owls. Among the taxa present are three species of small-eared shrews, genus<span>&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Cryptotis</span></i>. One species,<span>&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Cryptotis merriami</span></i>, is relatively rare among the fossil remains. The other two shrews,<span>&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Cryptotis goodwini</span></i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Cryptotis orophila</span></i>, are abundant and exhibit morphometrical variation distinguishing them from modern populations. Fossils of<span>&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">C. goodwini</span></i><span>&nbsp;</span>are distinctly and consistently smaller than modern members of the species. To quantify the size differences, we derived common measures of body size for fossil<span>&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">C. goodwini</span></i><span>&nbsp;</span>using regression models based on modern samples of shrews in the<span>&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Cryptotis mexicana</span></i>-group. Estimated mean length of head and body for the fossil sample is 72–79 mm, and estimated mean mass is 7.6–9.6 g. These numbers indicate that the fossil sample averaged 6–14% smaller in head and body length and 39–52% less in mass than the modern sample and that increases of 6–17% in head and body length and 65–108% in mass occurred to achieve the mean body size of the modern sample. Conservative estimates of fresh (wet) food intake based on mass indicate that such a size increase would require a 37–58% increase in daily food consumption. In contrast to<span>&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">C. goodwini</span></i>, fossil<span>&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">C. orophila</span></i><span>&nbsp;</span>from the cave is not different in mean body size from modern samples. The fossil sample does, however, show slightly greater variation in size than is currently present throughout the modern geographical distribution of the taxon. Moreover, variation in some other dental and mandibular characters is more constrained, exhibiting a more direct relationship to overall size. Our study of these species indicates that North American shrews have not all been static in size through time, as suggested by some previous work with fossil soricids.</p><p id=\"ID0ELB\">Lack of stratigraphic control within the site and our failure to obtain reliable radiometric dates on remains restrict our opportunities to place the site in a firm temporal context. However, the morphometrical differences we document for fossil<span>&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">C. orophila</span></i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">C. goodwini</span></i><span>&nbsp;</span>show them to be distinct from modern populations of these shrews. Some other species of fossil mammals from McGrew Cave exhibit distinct size changes of the magnitudes experienced by many northern North American and some Mexican mammals during the transition from late glacial to Holocene environmental conditions, and it is likely that at least some of the remains from the cave are late Pleistocene in age. One curious factor is that, whereas most mainland mammals that exhibit large-scale size shifts during the late glacial/postglacial transition experienced dwarfing,<span>&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">C. goodwini</span></i><span>&nbsp;</span>increased in size. The lack of clinal variation in modern<span>&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">C. goodwini</span></i><span>&nbsp;</span>supports the hypothesis that size evolution can result from local selection rather than from cline translocation. Models of size change in mammals indicate that increased size, such as that observed for<span>&nbsp;</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">C. goodwini</span></i>, are a likely consequence of increased availability of resources and, thereby, a relaxation of selection during critical times of the year.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Field Museum of Natural History","doi":"10.3158/0096-2651(2005)51[1:FSFHAT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Woodman, N., and Croft, D.A., 2005, Fossil shrews from Honduras and their significance for late glacial evolution in body size (Mammalia: Soricidae: Cryptotis): Fieldiana Geology, v. 51, 1534, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3158/0096-2651(2005)51[1:FSFHAT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"1534, 30 p.","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477616,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3158/0096-2651(2005)51[1:fsfhat]2.0.co;2","text":"External Repository"},{"id":201665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Honduras","otherGeospatial":"McGraw Cave","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.20623779296875,\n              14.79347208021435\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.12933349609375,\n              14.79347208021435\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.12933349609375,\n              14.887723217337792\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.20623779296875,\n              14.887723217337792\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.20623779296875,\n              14.79347208021435\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"51","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ce4b07f02db6a9423","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodman, N. 0000-0003-2689-7373","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-7373","contributorId":104176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodman","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Croft, D. A.","contributorId":55941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croft","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5224477,"text":"5224477 - 2005 - Modeling avian abundance from replicated counts using binomial mixture models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-27T11:21:14","indexId":"5224477","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:49","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling avian abundance from replicated counts using binomial mixture models","docAbstract":"<p><span>Abundance estimation in ecology is usually accomplished by capture–recapture, removal, or distance sampling methods. These may be hard to implement at large spatial scales. In contrast, binomial mixture models enable abundance estimation without individual identification, based simply on temporally and spatially replicated counts. Here, we evaluate mixture models using data from the national breeding bird monitoring program in Switzerland, where some 250 1-km</span><sup>2</sup><span> quadrats are surveyed using the territory mapping method three times during each breeding season. We chose eight species with contrasting distribution (wide–narrow), abundance (high–low), and detectability (easy–difficult). Abundance was modeled as a random effect with a Poisson or negative binomial distribution, with mean affected by forest cover, elevation, and route length. Detectability was a logit-linear function of survey date, survey date-by-elevation, and sampling effort (time per transect unit). Resulting covariate effects and parameter estimates were consistent with expectations. Detectability per territory (for three surveys) ranged from 0.66 to 0.94 (mean 0.84) for easy species, and from 0.16 to 0.83 (mean 0.53) for difficult species, depended on survey effort for two easy and all four difficult species, and changed seasonally for three easy and three difficult species. Abundance was positively related to route length in three high-abundance and one low-abundance (one easy and three difficult) species, and increased with forest cover in five forest species, decreased for two nonforest species, and was unaffected for a generalist species. Abundance estimates under the most parsimonious mixture models were between 1.1 and 8.9 (median 1.8) times greater than estimates based on territory mapping; hence, three surveys were insufficient to detect all territories for each species. We conclude that binomial mixture models are an important new approach for estimating abundance corrected for detectability when only repeated-count data are available. Future developments envisioned include estimation of trend, occupancy, and total regional abundance.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/04-1120","usgsCitation":"Kery, M., Royle, J., and Schmid, H., 2005, Modeling avian abundance from replicated counts using binomial mixture models: Ecological Applications, v. 15, no. 4, p. 1450-1461, https://doi.org/10.1890/04-1120.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1450","endPage":"1461","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6999a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kery, Marc","contributorId":168361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kery","given":"Marc","affiliations":[{"id":12551,"text":"Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":341819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":96221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmid, Hans","contributorId":19648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmid","given":"Hans","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224461,"text":"5224461 - 2005 - A new species of Lonchophylla Thomas (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from Ecuador","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T13:43:17","indexId":"5224461","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:46","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3147,"text":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new species of Lonchophylla Thomas (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from Ecuador","docAbstract":"<p>We describe Lonchophylla orcesi, sp. nov., from the Choco, a region of high biotic diversity, endemism, and rainfall along the western Andean slopes and Pacific lowlands of Colombia and Ecuador. One of the largest known Lonchophylla, it occurs sympatrically with at least two other species of Lonchophylla including the similar, but somewhat smaller L. robusta. We also recognize L. concava as a Middle American Province species distinct from L. mordax of Brazil and Bolivia on the basis of cranial and dental features.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2988/0006-324X(2005)118[442:ANSOLT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Albuja V., L., and Gardner, A., 2005, A new species of Lonchophylla Thomas (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from Ecuador: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, v. 118, no. 2, p. 442-449, https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X(2005)118[442:ANSOLT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"442","endPage":"449","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477622,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://bibdigital.epn.edu.ec/handle/15000/4748","text":"External Repository"},{"id":202323,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6abb89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albuja V., Luis","contributorId":72906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albuja V.","given":"Luis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, Alfred L. 0000-0002-4945-1641 agardner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4945-1641","contributorId":412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Alfred L.","email":"agardner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":341750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5224464,"text":"5224464 - 2005 - A curious pellet from a great horned owl (Bubo virginianus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:06","indexId":"5224464","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:46","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2898,"text":"Northeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A curious pellet from a great horned owl (Bubo virginianus)","docAbstract":"One of the traditional methods of determining the dietary preferences of owls relies upon the identification of bony remains of prey contained in regurgitated pellets.  Discovery of a pellet containing a large, complete primary feather from an adult, male Ring-necked Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) prompted us to examine in detail a small sample of pellets from a Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus).  Our analyses of feather and hair remains in these pellets documented the presence of three species of birds and two species of mammals, whereas bones in the pellets represented only mammals.  This finding indicates an important bias that challenges the reliability of owl pellet studies making use of only osteological remains.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northeastern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6380_Woodman.pdf","usgsCitation":"Woodman, N., Dove, C., and Peurach, S., 2005, A curious pellet from a great horned owl (Bubo virginianus): Northeastern Naturalist, v. 12, no. 2, p. 127-132.","productDescription":"127-132","startPage":"127","endPage":"132","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17296,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1656%2F1092-6194%282005%29012%5B0127%3AACPFAG%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af3c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodman, N. 0000-0003-2689-7373","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-7373","contributorId":104176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodman","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dove, C.J.","contributorId":31867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dove","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peurach, S.C.","contributorId":20034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peurach","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224420,"text":"5224420 - 2005 - Disturbance of eelgrass <i>Zostera marina</i> by commercial mussel <i>Mytilus edulis</i> harvesting in Maine: Dragging impacts and habitat recovery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-27T11:30:29","indexId":"5224420","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:44","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disturbance of eelgrass <i>Zostera marina</i> by commercial mussel <i>Mytilus edulis</i> harvesting in Maine: Dragging impacts and habitat recovery","docAbstract":"<p><span>We studied the effects of commercial harvest of blue mussels </span><i>Mytilus edulis</i><span> on eelgrass </span><i>Zostera marina </i><span>L. in Maquoit Bay, Maine, USA, at a hierarchy of scales. We used aerial photography, underwater video, and eelgrass population- and shoot-based measurements to quantify dragging impacts within 4 sites that had been disturbed at different times over an approximate 7 yr interval, and to project eelgrass meadow recovery rates. Dragging had disturbed 10% of the eelgrass cover in Maquoit Bay, with dragged sites ranging from 3.4 to 31.8 ha in size. Dragging removed above- and belowground plant material from the majority of the bottom in the disturbed sites. One year following dragging, eelgrass shoot density, shoot height and total biomass of disturbed sites averaged respectively 2 to 3%, 46 to 61% and &lt;1% that of the reference sites. Substantial differences in eelgrass biomass persisted between disturbed and reference sites up to 7 yr after dragging. Dragging did not affect physical characteristics of the sediment. The pattern and rate of eelgrass bed recovery depended strongly on initial dragging intensity; areas of relatively light dragging with many remnant eelgrass patches (i.e. patches that were missed by the mussel dredge) showed considerable revegetation in 1 yr. However, by developing recovery trajectories from measurements at sites disturbed in different years, we projected that it would require a mean of 10.6 yr for recovery of eelgrass shoot density within the areas of intense dragging characterizing most of the disturbed sites. A spatial simulation model based on measured rates of lateral patch-expansion (mean 12.5 cm yr</span><sup>-1</sup><span>) and new-patch recruitment (mean 0.19 patches m</span><sup>-2</sup><span> yr</span><sup>-1</sup><span>) yielded a mean bed recovery time of 9 to 11 yr following dragging, depending on initial degree of plant removal. Model simulations suggested that with favorable environmental conditions, eelgrass beds might recover from dragging disturbance in 6 yr; conversely, recovery under conditions less conducive to eelgrass growth could require 20 yr or longer. This study shows that mussel dragging poses a severe threat to eelgrass in this region and that regulations to protect eelgrass from dragging impacts would maintain the integrity of a substantial amount of habitat.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps285057","usgsCitation":"Neckles, H.A., Short, F.T., Barker, S., and Kopp, B.S., 2005, Disturbance of eelgrass <i>Zostera marina</i> by commercial mussel <i>Mytilus edulis</i> harvesting in Maine: Dragging impacts and habitat recovery: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 285, p. 57-73, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps285057.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477625,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps285057","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":202225,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"285","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4789e4b07f02db4873e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neckles, Hilary A. 0000-0002-5662-2314 hneckles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5662-2314","contributorId":3821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neckles","given":"Hilary","email":"hneckles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":341633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Short, Frederick T.","contributorId":72078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Short","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barker, Seth","contributorId":41536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"Seth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kopp, Blaine S.","contributorId":99648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kopp","given":"Blaine","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5224413,"text":"5224413 - 2005 - Effects of contaminant exposure on reproductive success of ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) nesting in Delaware River and Bay, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-29T15:28:58.646629","indexId":"5224413","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:43","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of contaminant exposure on reproductive success of ospreys (<i>Pandion haliaetus</i>) nesting in Delaware River and Bay, USA","title":"Effects of contaminant exposure on reproductive success of ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) nesting in Delaware River and Bay, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Despite serious water-quality problems and pollutant loading and retention, Delaware River and Bay(USA) provide important wildlife habitat. In 2002, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of contaminant exposure and reproduction of ospreys (</span><i>Pandion haliaetus</i><span>) breeding in Delaware River and Bay. Sample eggs were collected from 39 nests and analyzed for organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and mercury; a subset of 15 eggs was analyzed for perfluorinated compounds and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The fate of each nest was monitored weekly. Concentrations of 10 organochlorine pesticides or metabolites, total PCBs, and several toxic PCB congeners were greater (</span><i>p</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.05) in eggs collected between the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal (C and D Canal) and Trenton (Delaware River and northern Bay) compared to other sites. Concentrations of&nbsp;</span><i>p,p</i><span>′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (</span><i>p,p</i><span>′-DDE; 0.785–3.84 μg/g wet wt) and total PCBs (5.50–14.5 μg/g wet wt) in eggs collected between the C and D Canal and Trenton were similar to levels recently found in the Chesapeake Bay. In all study segments, at least one young fledged from 66 to 75% of nests. Productivity for Delaware Inland Bays (reference area) and southern Delaware Bay was 1.17 and 1.42 fledglings/active nest, respectively; north of the C and D Canal, productivity was 1.00 fledgling/active nest, which is marginally adequate to maintain the population. Using these data, a logistic regression model found that contaminant concentrations (</span><i>p,p</i><span>′-DDE, heptachlor epoxide, chlordane and metabolites, and total PCBs) were predictive of hatching success. Several perfluorinated compounds and PBDEs were detected in eggs at concentrations approaching 1 μg/g wet weight. These findings provide evidence that contaminants continue to be a significant stressor on osprey productivity in the northern Delaware River and Bay.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1897/04-141R.1","usgsCitation":"Toschik, P.C., Rattner, B., McGowan, P.C., Christman, M.C., Carter, D.B., Hale, R., Matson, C.W., and Ottinger, M.A., 2005, Effects of contaminant exposure on reproductive success of ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) nesting in Delaware River and Bay, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 24, no. 3, p. 617-628, https://doi.org/10.1897/04-141R.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"617","endPage":"628","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania,","otherGeospatial":"Delaware Bay, Delaware River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.739990234375,\n              39.14710270770074\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.34423828125,\n              39.690280594818034\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.586181640625,\n              40.25437660372649\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.761962890625,\n              40.421860362045194\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.772705078125,\n              39.80853604144591\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.684814453125,\n              39.2832938689385\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.146484375,\n              38.41055825094609\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.739990234375,\n              39.14710270770074\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db6238c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toschik, P. C.","contributorId":18879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toschik","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":341609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGowan, P. C.","contributorId":67191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGowan","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christman, M. C.","contributorId":55122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carter, Daniel B.","contributorId":18880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hale, R. C.","contributorId":11309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hale","given":"R. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Matson, C. W.","contributorId":24717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ottinger, M. A.","contributorId":99078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":5224401,"text":"5224401 - 2005 - Individual quality, survival variation and patterns of phenotypic selection on body condition and timing of nesting in birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-27T16:28:21.390624","indexId":"5224401","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:42","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Individual quality, survival variation and patterns of phenotypic selection on body condition and timing of nesting in birds","docAbstract":"<p><span>Questions about individual variation in “quality” and fitness are of great interest to evolutionary and population ecologists. Such variation can be investigated using either a random effects approach or an approach that relies on identifying observable traits that are themselves correlated with fitness components. We used the latter approach with data from 1,925 individual females of three species of ducks (tufted duck,&nbsp;</span><i>Aythya fuligula</i><span>; common pochard,&nbsp;</span><i>Aythya ferina</i><span>; northern shoveler,&nbsp;</span><i>Anas clypeata</i><span>) sampled on their breeding grounds at Engure Marsh, Latvia, for over 15&nbsp;years. Based on associations with reproductive output, we selected two traits, one morphological (relative body condition) and one behavioral (relative time of nesting), that can be used to characterize individual females over their lifetimes. We then asked whether these traits were related to annual survival probabilities of nesting females. We hypothesized quadratic, rather than monotonic, relationships based loosely on ideas about the likely action of stabilizing selection on these two traits. Parameters of these relationships were estimated directly using ultrastructural models embedded within capture-recapture-band-recovery models. Results provided evidence that both traits were related to survival in the hypothesized manner. For all three species, females that tended to nest earlier than the norm exhibited the highest survival rates, but very early nesters experienced reduced survival and late nesters showed even lower survival. For shovelers, females in average body condition showed the highest survival, with lower survival rates exhibited by both heavy and light birds. For common pochard and tufted duck, the highest survival rates were associated with birds of slightly above-average condition, with somewhat lower survival for very heavy birds and much lower survival for birds in relatively poor condition. Based on results from this study and previous work on reproduction, we conclude that nest initiation date and body condition covary with both reproductive and survival components of fitness. These associations lead to a positive covariance of these two fitness components within individuals and to the conclusion that these two traits are indeed correlates of individual quality.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00442-004-1794-x","usgsCitation":"Blums, P., Nichols, J.D., Hines, J.E., Lindberg, M., and Mednis, A., 2005, Individual quality, survival variation and patterns of phenotypic selection on body condition and timing of nesting in birds: Oecologia, v. 143, no. 3, p. 365-376, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1794-x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"376","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"143","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5ef2a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blums, Peter","contributorId":25652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blums","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":200533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":341561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, James E. 0000-0001-5478-7230 jhines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":146530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":341563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindberg, Mark S.","contributorId":89466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindberg","given":"Mark S.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":341564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mednis, Aivars","contributorId":73695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mednis","given":"Aivars","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5224398,"text":"5224398 - 2005 - Assessing spatial coupling in complex population dynamics using mutual prediction and continuity statistics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:32","indexId":"5224398","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:42","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3593,"text":"Theoretical Population Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing spatial coupling in complex population dynamics using mutual prediction and continuity statistics","docAbstract":"A number of important questions in ecology involve the possibility of interactions or ?coupling? among potential components of ecological systems.  The basic question of whether two components are coupled (exhibit dynamical interdependence) is relevant to investigations of movement of animals over space, population regulation, food webs and trophic interactions, and is also useful in the design of monitoring programs.  For example, in spatially extended systems, coupling among populations in different locations implies the existence of redundant information in the system and the possibility of exploiting this redundancy in the development of spatial sampling designs.  One approach to the identification of coupling involves study of the purported mechanisms linking system components.  Another approach is based on time series of two potential components of the same system and, in previous ecological work, has relied on linear cross-correlation analysis.  Here we present two different attractor-based approaches, continuity and mutual prediction, for determining the degree to which two population time series (e.g., at different spatial locations) are coupled.  Both approaches are demonstrated on a one-dimensional predator?prey model system exhibiting complex dynamics.  Of particular interest is the spatial asymmetry introduced into the model as linearly declining resource for the prey over the domain of the spatial coordinate.  Results from these approaches are then compared to the more standard cross-correlation analysis.  In contrast to cross-correlation, both continuity and mutual prediction are clearly able to discern the asymmetry in the flow of information through this system.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Theoretical Population Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.tpb.2004.08.004","collaboration":"6274_Nichols.pdf  1.9 MB","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., Moniz, L., Nichols, J., Pecora, L., and Cooch, E., 2005, Assessing spatial coupling in complex population dynamics using mutual prediction and continuity statistics: Theoretical Population Biology, v. 67, no. 1, p. 9-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2004.08.004.","productDescription":"9-21","startPage":"9","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17160,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2004.08.004","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"67","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.M.","contributorId":18080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moniz, L.","contributorId":92783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moniz","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pecora, L.M.","contributorId":34236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pecora","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cooch, E.","contributorId":13353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooch","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5224393,"text":"5224393 - 2005 - Effects of lead-contaminated sediment and nutrition on mallard duckling behavior and growth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-25T16:37:10.974642","indexId":"5224393","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:42","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2481,"text":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of lead-contaminated sediment and nutrition on mallard duckling behavior and growth","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sediment ingestion has become a recognized exposure route for toxicants in waterfowl. The effects of lead-contaminated sediment from the Coeur d’Alene River Basin (CDARB) in Idaho were evaluated on mallard (Anas platyryhnchos) duckling behavior and growth over a 5-wk period using time–activity budgets. Day-old ducklings received either a clean sediment (24%) supplemented control diet, CDARB sediment (3449 μg/g lead) supplemented diets at 12% or 24%, or a positive control diet (24% clean sediment with equivalent lead acetate to the 24% CDARB diet). Ten different behaviors were recorded for nine ducklings per treatment as time spent: resting, standing, moving, drinking, dabbling, feeding, pecking, preening, bathing, and swimming. Contaminated sediment (24% CDARB) and lead acetate significantly decreased the proportion of time spent swimming. There were also problems with balance and mobility in the 24% CDARB and the lead acetate groups. With a less optimal diet (mixture of two-thirds corn and one-third standard diet) containing 24% clean sediment, nutrient level alone affected 6 different behaviors: feeding, pecking, swimming, preening, standing, and dabbling. Nutrient level also significantly decreased the growth rate and delayed the initial time of molt. When the corn diet contained CDARB sediment, the proportion of time spent bathing in the 24% CDARB group significantly decreased. There were also instances of imbalance with 24% CDARB and corn diet, and duckling weights were significantly lower than in corn diet controls. The decreased amounts of time spent swimming or bathing, coupled with problems of balance and mobility, decreased growth, histopathological lesions, and altered brain biochemistry (reported elsewhere), illustrate a potential threat to the survival of ducklings in the wild that are exposed to lead-containing sediments within the CDARB or elsewhere.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/15287390590885839","usgsCitation":"Douglas-Stroebel, E., Brewer, G.L., and Hoffman, D.J., 2005, Effects of lead-contaminated sediment and nutrition on mallard duckling behavior and growth: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, v. 68, no. 2, p. 113-128, https://doi.org/10.1080/15287390590885839.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201845,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Coeur d’Alene River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.62811279296875,\n              48.180738507303836\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.62536621093749,\n              48.180738507303836\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.62536621093749,\n              48.184401125107684\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.62811279296875,\n              48.184401125107684\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.62811279296875,\n              48.180738507303836\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.03186035156251,\n              47.13368783277605\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.63635253906249,\n              47.13368783277605\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.63635253906249,\n              48.10743118848039\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.03186035156251,\n              48.10743118848039\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.03186035156251,\n              47.13368783277605\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67f436","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas-Stroebel, E.","contributorId":27406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas-Stroebel","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brewer, G. L.","contributorId":76271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brewer","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffman, David J.","contributorId":86075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":341532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224392,"text":"5224392 - 2005 - Demographic estimation methods for plants with unobservable life-states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-27T16:35:01.932784","indexId":"5224392","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:42","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demographic estimation methods for plants with unobservable life-states","docAbstract":"<p><span>Demographic estimation of vital parameters in plants with an unobservable dormant state is complicated, because time of death is not known. Conventional methods assume that death occurs at a particular time after a plant has last been seen aboveground but the consequences of assuming a particular duration of dormancy have never been tested. Capture–recapture methods do not make assumptions about time of death; however, problems with parameter estimability have not yet been resolved. To date, a critical comparative assessment of these methods is lacking. We analysed data from a 10 year study of&nbsp;</span><i>Cleistes bifaria</i><span>, a terrestrial orchid with frequent dormancy, and compared demographic estimates obtained by five varieties of the conventional methods, and two capture–recapture methods. All conventional methods produced spurious unity survival estimates for some years or for some states, and estimates of demographic rates sensitive to the time of death assumption. In contrast, capture–recapture methods are more parsimonious in terms of assumptions, are based on well founded theory and did not produce spurious estimates. In&nbsp;</span><i>Cleistes</i><span>, dormant episodes lasted for 1–4 years (mean 1.4, SD 0.74). The capture–recapture models estimated ramet survival rate at 0.86 (SE∼0.01), ranging from 0.77–0.94 (SEs≤0.1) in any one year. The average fraction dormant was estimated at 30% (SE 1.5), ranging 16–47% (SEs≤5.1) in any one year. Multistate capture–recapture models showed that survival rates were positively related to precipitation in the current year, but transition rates were more strongly related to precipitation in the previous than in the current year, with more ramets going dormant following dry years. Not all capture–recapture models of interest have estimable parameters; for instance, without excavating plants in years when they do not appear aboveground, it is not possible to obtain independent time-specific survival estimates for dormant plants. We introduce rigorous computer algebra methods to identify the parameters that are estimable in principle. As life-states are a prominent feature in plant life cycles, multistate capture–recapture models are a natural framework for analysing population dynamics of plants with dormancy.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13589.x","usgsCitation":"Kery, M., Gregg, K.B., and Schaub, M., 2005, Demographic estimation methods for plants with unobservable life-states: Oikos, v. 108, no. 2, p. 307-320, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13589.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"320","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477626,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13589.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":202078,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2004-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696f2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kery, Marc","contributorId":38680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kery","given":"Marc","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gregg, Katharine B.","contributorId":41118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gregg","given":"Katharine","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schaub, Michael","contributorId":138861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaub","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12551,"text":"Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":341531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5211364,"text":"5211364 - 2005 - Fecal corticoid monitoring in whooping cranes trained to follow ultralight aircraft","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:54:46","indexId":"5211364","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Fecal corticoid monitoring in whooping cranes trained to follow ultralight aircraft","docAbstract":"The use of fecal corticoid assays to measure stress in North American cranes has been limited to laboratory validation and a single field project involving reintroduced sandhill cranes (Ludders et aI., 1998, 2001; Hartup et aI., 2004).  In 2001, we documented trends in corticoid concentrations among a cohort of ten costume-reared whooping cranes subjected to ultralight aircraft training and migration.  All samples were analyzed by a validated corticosterone 1251 radioimmunoassay for determination of corticoid levels.  Fecal corticoid concentrations in chicks exhibited a logarithmic decline over the first 14 days after hatching (r = 0.86, p < 0.001).  Fecal corticoid concentrations then stabilized at baseline levels (median 68 ng/g, range 17-186 ng/g, n = 116) during the subsequent six weeks of costume-rearing and aircraft habituation in captivity.  Fecal corticoid concentrations of eight cranes increased 8-34 fold during shipment in crates to Wisconsin for field training.  Increases in fecal corticoid concentrations were positively correlated with age (r = 0.81, p = 0.01), but not body weight (r = 0.44, P = 0.28) at the time of shipping.  Fecal corticoid concentrations returned to baseline levels within seven days, and were sustained throughout the remainder of the training period (median 77 ng/g, range 22- 292 ng/g, n=190).  Elevations in fecal corticoid concentrations were observed one (p = 0.035) and four days (p = 0.003) following physical examination and placement of leg bands compared to three days prior to the procedures (median 176 ng/g, range 116 - 553 ng/g, n = 19).  Fecal corticoid concentrations decreased to pre-procedure levels within seven days.  Fecal corticoid concentrations and variation during the 50 day migration period were similar to training levels in Wisconsin, except for a one day increase observed following a violent storm and escape from the temporary holding pen the preceding night (median 243 ng/g, range 228 - 280 ng/g, n = 7).  There was an overall decline in fecal corticoid concentrations from the cranes during the migration (r= 0.42, p < 0.001).  Acute stressors such as capture and restraint and severe storms were associated with stress responses by the cranes that varied in accordance with lasting physical or psychological stimuli.  The overall process of costume-rearing, ultralight aircraft habituation, training and artificial migration was not associated with elevations in fecal corticoid concentrations suggestive of chronic stress.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Ninth North American Crane Workshop: 17-20 January 2003, Sacramento, California","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"North American Crane Working Group","publisherLocation":"Baraboo, Wisconsin","usgsCitation":"Hartup, B., Czekala, N.M., Olsen, G.H., and Langenberg, J., 2005, Fecal corticoid monitoring in whooping cranes trained to follow ultralight aircraft, chap. <i>of</i> Proceedings of the Ninth North American Crane Workshop: 17-20 January 2003, Sacramento, California.","productDescription":"xi, 257","startPage":"247 (abs)","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202508,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f6cce","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Chavez-Ramirez, Felipe","contributorId":113915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chavez-Ramirez","given":"Felipe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508030,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Hartup, B.K.","contributorId":16367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartup","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Czekala, Nancy M.","contributorId":81214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czekala","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olsen, Glenn H. 0000-0002-7188-6203 golsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-6203","contributorId":40918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Glenn","email":"golsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":330853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Langenberg, J.A.","contributorId":91055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenberg","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":96199,"text":"96199 - 2005 - Handbook of capture-recapture analysis","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70186644,"text":"70186644 - 2005 - Introduction to the handbook","indexId":"70186644","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"chapter":"1","title":"Introduction to the handbook"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":96199,"text":"96199 - 2005 - Handbook of capture-recapture analysis","indexId":"96199","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"Handbook of capture-recapture analysis"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70186649,"text":"70186649 - 2005 - Capture-recapture methods in practice","indexId":"70186649","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"chapter":"10","title":"Capture-recapture methods in practice"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":96199,"text":"96199 - 2005 - Handbook of capture-recapture analysis","indexId":"96199","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"Handbook of capture-recapture analysis"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":70186650,"text":"70186650 - 2005 - Examples","indexId":"70186650","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"chapter":"9","title":"Examples"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":96199,"text":"96199 - 2005 - Handbook of capture-recapture analysis","indexId":"96199","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"Handbook of capture-recapture analysis"},"id":3}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T18:16:14","indexId":"96199","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":13,"text":"Handbook"},"title":"Handbook of capture-recapture analysis","docAbstract":"<p>Every day, biologists in parkas, raincoats, and rubber boots go into the field to capture and mark a variety of animal species. Back in the office, statisticians create analytical models for the field biologists' data. But many times, representatives of the two professions do not fully understand one another's roles. This book bridges this gap by helping biologists understand state-of-the-art statistical methods for analyzing capture-recapture data. In so doing, statisticians will also become more familiar with the design of field studies and with the real-life issues facing biologists.</p><p>Reliable outcomes of capture-recapture studies are vital to answering key ecological questions. Is the population increasing or decreasing? Do more or fewer animals have a particular characteristic? In answering these questions, biologists cannot hope to capture and mark entire populations. And frequently, the populations change unpredictably during a study. Thus, increasingly sophisticated models have been employed to convert data into answers to ecological questions. This book, by experts in capture-recapture analysis, introduces the most up-to-date methods for data analysis while explaining the theory behind those methods. Thorough, concise, and portable, it will be immensely useful to biologists, biometricians, and statisticians, students in both fields, and anyone else engaged in the capture-recapture process.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Princeton University Press","publisherLocation":"Princeton, NJ","isbn":"9781400837717","usgsCitation":"2005, Handbook of capture-recapture analysis, xviii, 313 p.","productDescription":"xviii, 313 p.","numberOfPages":"336","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339341,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://press.princeton.edu/titles/8109.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a57f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":505671,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonald, Trent L.","contributorId":92193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonald","given":"Trent","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6660,"text":"Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":505672,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manly, Bryan F.J.","contributorId":41770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manly","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505670,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70031168,"text":"70031168 - 2005 - Leachability of protein and metals incorporated into aquatic invertebrates: are species and metals-exposure history important?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T12:50:05","indexId":"70031168","displayToPublicDate":"2006-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Leachability of protein and metals incorporated into aquatic invertebrates: are species and metals-exposure history important?","docAbstract":"<p><span>To partially simulate conditions in fish intestinal tracts, we leached six groups of metals-contaminated invertebrates at pH 2 and pH 7, and analyzed the concentrations of four metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) and total protein in the leachates. Four of the groups of invertebrates were benthic macroinvertebrates collected from metals-contaminated rivers (the Clark Fork River in Montana and the Coeur d’Alene River in Idaho, USA); the other two groups of invertebrates (one of which was exposed to metals in the laboratory) were laboratory-reared brine shrimp (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Artemia</i><span> sp.). Additionally, we fractionated the pH 2 leachates using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Protein content was 1.3 to 1.4× higher in </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Artemia</i><span> than in the benthic macroinvertebrates, and leachability of metals and protein differed considerably among several of the groups of invertebrates. In SEC fractions of the pH 2 leachates from both groups of </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Artemia</i><span>, Cu and protein co-eluted; however, Cu and protein did not co-elute in SEC fractions of the leachates from any of the benthic macroinvertebrate groups. Although none of the other three metals co-eluted with protein in any of the pH 2 leachates, one or more of the metals co-eluted with lower-molecular-weight molecules in the leachates from all of the groups of invertebrates. These results suggest fundamental differences in metal-binding properties and protein leachability among some invertebrates. Thus, different invertebrates and different histories of metals exposure might lead to different availability of metals and protein to predators.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00244-005-7005-x","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Meyer, J., Suedkamp, M., Morris, J., and Farag, A., 2005, Leachability of protein and metals incorporated into aquatic invertebrates: are species and metals-exposure history important?: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 50, no. 1, p. 79-87, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-005-7005-x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"87","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":238691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":211408,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-005-7005-x"}],"volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4596e4b0c8380cd6742b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, J.S.","contributorId":85741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Suedkamp, M.J.","contributorId":70593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suedkamp","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morris, J.M.","contributorId":91675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farag, A.M.","contributorId":106273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":430343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70185071,"text":"70185071 - 2005 - Geologic framework, evolution, and sediment resources for restoration of the Louisiana Coastal Zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T11:27:47","indexId":"70185071","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic framework, evolution, and sediment resources for restoration of the Louisiana Coastal Zone","docAbstract":"<p>The Louisiana Coastal Zone along the north-central Gulf of Mexico represents one of America's most important coastal ecosystems in terms of natural resources, human infrastructure, and cultural heritage. This zone also has the highest rates of coastal erosion and wetland loss in the nation because of a complex combination of natural processes and anthropogenic activities during the past century. In response to the dramatic land loss, regional-scale restoration plans are being developed through a partnership of federal and state agencies. One objective is to maintain the barrier island and tidal inlet systems, thereby reducing the impact of storm surge and interior wetland loss. Proposed shore line restoration work relies primarily upon the use of large volumes of sand-rich sediment for shoreline stabilization and the implementation of the shoreline projects. Although sand-rich sediment is required for the Louisiana restoration projects, it is of limited availability within the generally clay to silt-rich, shallow strata of the Louisiana Coastal Zone. Locating volumetrically significant quantities of sand-rich sediment presents a challenge and requires detailed field investigations using direct sampling and geophysical sensing methods. Consequently, there is a fundamental need to thoroughly understand and map the distribution and textural character {e.g., sandiness) of sediment resources within the Coastal Zone for the most cost-effective design and completion of restoration projects.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education & Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Kulp, M., Penland, S., Williams, S.J., Jenkins, C., Flocks, J., and Kindinger, J., 2005, Geologic framework, evolution, and sediment resources for restoration of the Louisiana Coastal Zone: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 44, p. 56-71.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"56","endPage":"71","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337497,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337495,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/25737049"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -100.37109375,\n              18.312810846425442\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.34374999999999,\n              18.312810846425442\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.34374999999999,\n              31.952162238024975\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.37109375,\n              31.952162238024975\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.37109375,\n              18.312810846425442\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"44","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c90129e4b0849ce97abcfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kulp, Mark","contributorId":77982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulp","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Penland, Shea","contributorId":88401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Penland","given":"Shea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, S. Jeffress 0000-0002-1326-7420 jwilliams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1326-7420","contributorId":2063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.","email":"jwilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jeffress","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jenkins, Chris","contributorId":28541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Chris","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flocks, Jim","contributorId":103188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"Jim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kindinger, Jack","contributorId":107338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"Jack","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70202246,"text":"70202246 - 2005 - Petrogenesis of the Apollo 14 high-alumina basalts: Implications from ion microprobe analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-18T09:28:54","indexId":"70202246","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-15T09:26:51","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrogenesis of the Apollo 14 high-alumina basalts: Implications from ion microprobe analyses","docAbstract":"<p><span>In this study, ion microprobe analyses of individual minerals are used to investigate the petrogenesis of the Apollo 14 high-Al basalts. We use trace element concentrations from individual minerals in the Apollo 14 high-Al basalts to evaluate both endogenic and exogenic models. The data show that if the Apollo 14 high-Al basalts were produced by melting within the lunar mantle, these basalts cannot be related to one another by closed-system fractional crystallization of a single basaltic melt. Rather, the trace element data show that variable amounts of a KREEP component were added to the basalts by either assimilation, mixing into mantle sources, or impact melting. Single-stage assimilation–fractional crystallization models can only explain the data from this study if an excessively large mass of urKREEP is assimilated into the parent magma before olivine crystallization. Alternatively, the trace element data can be explained if the Apollo 14 high-Al basalts were produced by melting multiple Al-rich mantle sources that contain different amounts of urKREEP. Finally, for impact melting to be a relevant process, the data require that multiple large impact melts be formed from mixed KREEP-rich target lithologies. The resulting impact melts must then crystallize to produce basalts with igneous textures, high Al</span><sub>2</sub><span>O</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;concentrations, uniform major element compositions, and a wide range of incompatible trace element concentrations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2005.08.008","usgsCitation":"Hagerty, J., Shearer, C.K., and Papike, J.J., 2005, Petrogenesis of the Apollo 14 high-alumina basalts: Implications from ion microprobe analyses: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 69, no. 24, p. 5831-5845, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2005.08.008.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"5831","endPage":"5845","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361313,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagerty, Justin 0000-0003-3800-7948 jhagerty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3800-7948","contributorId":911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagerty","given":"Justin","email":"jhagerty@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shearer, Charles K.","contributorId":111575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shearer","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Papike, James J.","contributorId":213331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Papike","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":72768,"text":"cir1196U - 2005 - Mercury recycling in the United States in 2000","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70911,"text":"ofr20051236 - 2005 - Mercury recycling in the United States in 2000","indexId":"ofr20051236","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"Mercury recycling in the United States in 2000"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":72768,"text":"cir1196U - 2005 - Mercury recycling in the United States in 2000","indexId":"cir1196U","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"chapter":"U","title":"Mercury recycling in the United States in 2000"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:59","indexId":"cir1196U","displayToPublicDate":"2005-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1196","chapter":"U","title":"Mercury recycling in the United States in 2000","docAbstract":"Reclamation and recycling of mercury from used mercury- containing products and treatment of byproduct mercury from gold mining is vital to the continued, though declining, use of this metal. Mercury is reclaimed from mercury-containing waste by treatment in multistep high-temperature retorts-the mercury is volatized and then condensed for purification and sale. Some mercury-containing waste, however, may be landfilled, and landfilled material represents loss of a recyclable resource and a threat to the environment. Related issues include mercury disposal and waste management, toxicity and human health, and regulation of mercury releases in the environment.\r\n\r\nEnd-users of mercury-containing products may face fines and prosecution if these products are improperly recycled or not recycled. Local and State environmental regulations require adherence to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act to regulate generation, treatment, and disposal of mercury-containing products. In the United States, several large companies and a number of smaller companies collect these products from a variety of sources and then reclaim and recycle the mercury.\r\n\r\nBecause mercury has not been mined as a principal product in the United States since 1992, mercury reclamation from fabricated products has become the main source of mercury. Principal product mercury and byproduct mercury from mining operations are considered to be primary materials. Mercury may also be obtained as a byproduct from domestic or foreign gold-processing operations. \r\n\r\nIn the early 1990s, U.S. manufacturers used an annual average that ranged from 500 to 600 metric tons of recycled and imported mercury for fabrication of automobile convenience switches, dental amalgam, fluorescent lamps, medical uses and thermometers, and thermostats. The amount now used for fabrication is estimated to be 200 metric tons per year or less. Much of the data on mercury is estimated because it is a low-volume commodity and its production, use, and disposal is difficult to track. The prices and volumes of each category of mercury-containing material may change dramatically from year to year. For example, the average price of mercury was approximately $150 per flask from 2000 until 2003 and then rose sharply to $650 per flask in fall 2004 and approximately $850 per flask in spring 2005. Since 1927, the common unit for measuring and pricing mercury has been the flask in order to conform to the system used at Almaden, Spain (Meyers, 1951). One flask weighs 34.5 kilograms, and 29 flasks of mercury are contained in a metric ton.\r\n\r\nIn the United States, the chlorine-caustic soda industry, which is the leading end-user of elemental mercury, recycles most of its mercury in-plant as home scrap. Annual purchases of replacement mercury by the chlorine-caustic soda industry indicate that some mercury may be lost through evaporation to the environment, put into a landfill as industrial waste, or trapped within pipes in the plant. Impending closure of domestic and foreign mercury-cell chlorine-caustic soda plants and the shift to nonmercury technology for chlorine-caustic soda production could ultimately result in a significant volume of elemental mercury for recycling, sale, or storage. Globally, mercury is widely used in artisanal, or small-scale, gold mining. Most of that mercury is lost to the environment and is not recycled. The recycling rate for mercury was not available owing to insufficient data in 2000, and the efficiency of mercury recycling was estimated to be 62 percent.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Flow Studies for Recycling Metal Commodities in the United States","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/cir1196U","collaboration":"Supersedes OFR 2005-1236","usgsCitation":"Brooks, W.E., and Matos, G.R., 2005, Mercury recycling in the United States in 2000 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1196, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1196U.","productDescription":"26 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2000-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7237,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/c1196u/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624d80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, William E.","contributorId":104061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":286060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matos, Grecia R. 0000-0002-3285-3070 gmatos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3285-3070","contributorId":2656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matos","given":"Grecia","email":"gmatos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":286059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70238383,"text":"70238383 - 2005 - Implications for prediction and hazard assessment from the 2004 Parkfield earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-18T18:18:55.697023","indexId":"70238383","displayToPublicDate":"2005-10-13T11:50:53","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications for prediction and hazard assessment from the 2004 Parkfield earthquake","docAbstract":"<p><span>Obtaining high-quality measurements close to a large earthquake is not easy: one has to be in the right place at the right time with the right instruments. Such a convergence happened, for the first time, when the 28 September 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake occurred on the San Andreas fault in the middle of a dense network of instruments designed to record it. The resulting data reveal aspects of the earthquake process never before seen. Here we show what these data, when combined with data from earlier Parkfield earthquakes, tell us about earthquake physics and earthquake prediction. The 2004 Parkfield earthquake, with its lack of obvious precursors, demonstrates that reliable short-term earthquake prediction still is not achievable. To reduce the societal impact of earthquakes now, we should focus on developing the next generation of models that can provide better predictions of the strength and location of damaging ground shaking.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1038/nature04067","usgsCitation":"Bakun, W.H., Aagaard, B.T., Dost, B., Ellsworth, W.L., Hardebeck, J.L., Harris, R.A., Ji, C., Johnston, M.J., Langbein, J.O., Lienkaemper, J.J., Michael, A.J., Murray, J.R., Nadeau, R., Reasenberg, P., Reichle, M., Roeloffs, E.A., Shakal, A., Simpson, R.W., and Waldhauser, F., 2005, Implications for prediction and hazard assessment from the 2004 Parkfield earthquake: Nature, v. 437, p. 969-974, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04067.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"969","endPage":"974","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":477643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150403-080028282","text":"External Repository"},{"id":409458,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Parkfield","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.4537640117938,\n              35.910700976762385\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.4537640117938,\n              35.88567088811958\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.41342358821001,\n              35.88567088811958\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.41342358821001,\n              35.910700976762385\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.4537640117938,\n              35.910700976762385\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"437","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakun, W. H.","contributorId":67055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aagaard, Brad T. 0000-0002-8795-9833 baagaard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-9833","contributorId":192869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aagaard","given":"Brad","email":"baagaard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":857298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dost, B.","contributorId":299207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dost","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16158,"text":"Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":857299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. ellsworth@usgs.gov","contributorId":787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","email":"ellsworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":857300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hardebeck, Jeanne L. 0000-0002-6737-7780 jhardebeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6737-7780","contributorId":841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"Jeanne","email":"jhardebeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":857301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harris, Ruth A. 0000-0002-9247-0768 harris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-0768","contributorId":786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Ruth","email":"harris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":857302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ji, C.","contributorId":31093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ji","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Johnston, Malcolm J. S. 0000-0003-4326-8368 mal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"Malcolm","email":"mal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":857304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Langbein, John O. 0000-0002-7821-8101 langbein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7821-8101","contributorId":3293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"John","email":"langbein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":857305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lienkaemper, James J. 0000-0002-7578-7042 jlienk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-7042","contributorId":1941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"James","email":"jlienk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":857306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Michael, Andrew J. 0000-0002-2403-5019 michael@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":1280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"Andrew","email":"michael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":857307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Murray, Jessica R. 0000-0002-6144-1681 jrmurray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6144-1681","contributorId":2759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Jessica","email":"jrmurray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":857308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Nadeau, R.M.","contributorId":93268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nadeau","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Reasenberg, P.A.","contributorId":19959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reasenberg","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Reichle, M.S.","contributorId":14845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichle","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Roeloffs, Evelyn A. 0000-0002-4761-0469 evelynr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4761-0469","contributorId":2680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roeloffs","given":"Evelyn","email":"evelynr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":857312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Shakal, A.","contributorId":20934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shakal","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12640,"text":"California Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":857313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Simpson, Robert W. simpson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Robert","email":"simpson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":857314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Waldhauser, F.","contributorId":31897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldhauser","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}}
,{"id":70201528,"text":"70201528 - 2005 - Three in one: Multiscale Hardcopy Depiction of the Mars Surface in True3D","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-18T11:43:53","indexId":"70201528","displayToPublicDate":"2005-10-01T09:54:52","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three in one: Multiscale Hardcopy Depiction of the Mars Surface in True3D","docAbstract":"<p><span>The visualisation of both geospatial Earth data and extra-terrestrial objects is gain- ing increasing importance. Until recently, hardcopy displays were confined to mostly static, two-dimensional or pseudo-three-dimensional depictions. The various effects offered by lenticular foil technology allow the generation of flip-image effects, short animations, and true-3D displays in hardcopy form. One advantage of this method is that these effects can be spontaneously viewed with the unaided eye. This article gives a concise overview of the lenticular foil technology (hereafter lenticular technology) and describes the production of the lenticular display presented on the cover of this month's issue of PE&amp;RS.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","issn":"0099-1112","usgsCitation":"Buchroithner, M., Grundemann, T., Kirk, R.L., and Habermann, K., 2005, Three in one: Multiscale Hardcopy Depiction of the Mars Surface in True3D: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 71, no. 10, p. 1105-1108.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1105","endPage":"1108","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360357,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"71","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c18c426e4b006c4f856ace6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchroithner, Manfred","contributorId":211565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buchroithner","given":"Manfred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grundemann, Thomas","contributorId":211566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grundemann","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":754400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Habermann, Klaus","contributorId":211567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Habermann","given":"Klaus","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":754401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70159119,"text":"70159119 - 2005 - Satellite imagery maps Hurricane Katrina-induced flooding and oil slicks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-15T13:30:16","indexId":"70159119","displayToPublicDate":"2005-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3879,"text":"Eos, Earth and Space Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Satellite imagery maps Hurricane Katrina-induced flooding and oil slicks","docAbstract":"<p>In the early morning of 29 August 2005, Hurricane Katrina made landfall near Buras, Louisiana, as a Category 4 hurricane. With wind speeds of about 233 kilometers per hour, a storm surge of 8.5 meters, and heavy rains, Katrina pounded the U.S. Gulf Coast states of Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi with lifethreatening flooding and destruction. Katrina's high winds and storm surge breached the levees protecting New Orleans, a city located below sea level, and flooded approximately 80% of the city.</p>\n<p>Katrina also caused major damage to the region's oil and natural gas production and refining capabilities. On 2 September 2005, the Associated Press reported that Katrina had damaged 58 oil platforms, 30 of which were reported lost; one damaged platform had been blown nearly 100 km from its original location.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2005EO410003","usgsCitation":"Rykhus, R.P., 2005, Satellite imagery maps Hurricane Katrina-induced flooding and oil slicks: Eos, Earth and Space Science News, v. 86, no. 41, p. 381-382, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005EO410003.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"382","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":477650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2005eo410003","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":309942,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"41","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5620ce9fe4b06217fc478b18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rykhus, Russell P.","contributorId":27337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rykhus","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}